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Zhou W, Ding W, Wu X, Sun J, Bai W. Microbial synthesis of anthocyanins and pyranoanthocyanins: current bottlenecks and potential solutions. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2024:1-18. [PMID: 38935054 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2024.2369703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Anthocyanins (ACNs) are secondary metabolites found in plants. Due to their impressive biological activities, ACNs have gained significant popularity and extensive application within the food, pharmaceutical, and nutraceutical industries. A derivative of ACNs: pyranoanthocyanins (PACNs) possesses more stable properties and interesting biological activities. However, conventional methods for the production of ACNs, including chemical synthesis and plant extraction, involve organic solvents. Microbial synthesis of ACNs from renewable biomass, such as amino acids or flavonoids, is considered a sustainable and environmentally friendly method for large-scale production of ACNs. Recently, the construction of microbial cell factories (MCFs) for the efficient biosynthesis of ACNs and PACNs has attracted much attention. In this review, we summarize the cases of microbial synthesis of ACNs, and analyze the bottlenecks in reconstructing the metabolic pathways for synthesizing PACNs in microorganisms. Consequently, there is an urgent need to investigate the mechanisms behind the development of MCFs for PACNs synthesis. Such research also holds significant promise for advancing the production of food pigments. Meanwhile, we propose potential solutions to the bottleneck problem based on metabolic engineering and enzyme engineering. Finally, the development prospects of natural food and biotechnology are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Zhou
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Food Safety Molecular Rapid Detection, Jinan University, Guangdong, China
| | - Weiqiu Ding
- Institute of Microbial Biotechnology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xingyuan Wu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Food Safety Molecular Rapid Detection, Jinan University, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianxia Sun
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangdong, China
| | - Weibin Bai
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Food Safety Molecular Rapid Detection, Jinan University, Guangdong, China
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Zhang B, Gou K, Xu K, Li Z, Guo X, Wu X. De novo biosynthesis of β-arbutin in Corynebacterium glutamicum via pathway engineering and process optimization. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2024; 17:88. [PMID: 38918796 PMCID: PMC11197339 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-024-02540-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND β-Arbutin, a hydroquinone glucoside found in pears, bearberry leaves, and various plants, exhibits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and anticancer effects. β-Arbutin has wide applications in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. However, the limited availability of high-performance strains limits the biobased production of β-arbutin. RESULTS This study established the β-arbutin biosynthetic pathway in C. glutamicum ATCC13032 by introducing codon-optimized ubiC, MNX1, and AS. Additionally, the production titer of β-arbutin was increased by further inactivation of csm and trpE to impede the competitive metabolic pathway. Further modification of the upstream metabolic pathway and supplementation of UDP-glucose resulted in the final engineered strain, C. glutamicum AR11, which achieved a β-arbutin production titer of 7.94 g/L in the optimized fermentation medium. CONCLUSIONS This study represents the first successful instance of de novo β-arbutin production in C. glutamicum, offering a chassis cell for β-arbutin biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhang
- College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, China.
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for the Development and Utilization of Agricultural Microbial Resources, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Kexin Gou
- College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, China
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for the Development and Utilization of Agricultural Microbial Resources, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, China
| | - Kexin Xu
- College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, China
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for the Development and Utilization of Agricultural Microbial Resources, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhimin Li
- College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, China
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for the Development and Utilization of Agricultural Microbial Resources, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiaoyan Guo
- College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, China.
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for the Development and Utilization of Agricultural Microbial Resources, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Xiaoyu Wu
- College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, China
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for the Development and Utilization of Agricultural Microbial Resources, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, China
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Ingemann Berentzen E, Hauer Møller A, Danielsen M, Jensen M, Joernsgaard B, Kastrup Dalsgaard T. Stability of individual anthocyanins from black carrots stored in light and darkness - Impact of acylation. Food Res Int 2024; 186:114382. [PMID: 38729736 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Black carrot anthocyanins have gained increasing attention as natural coloring agent, owing to their higher stability than anthocyanins from berries. The stability has been attributed to their higher degree of acylation. This study investigated the impact of acylation on the stability of individual anthocyanins during storage in light and darkness. We hypothesized that the acylated anthocyanins would be more stable than the non-acylated ones. The major five anthocyanins were fractioned by semi-preparative HPLC and stored at pH 4.5 in light and darkness to investigate how acylation affected the stability. The stability was evaluated by absorption spectroscopy and mass spectrometry (MS). Two of the anthocyanins were non-acylated; 3-xylosyl(glucosyl)galactoside and cyanidin 3-xylosylgalactoside, and three were acylated; cyanidin 3-xylosyl(sinapolyglucosyl)galacto-side, cyanidin 3-xylosyl(feruloylglu-cosyl)galactoside, and cyanidin 3-xylosyl(coumaroyl-glucosyl)galactoside. Both methods (spectroscopy and MS) showed a clear effect of acylation when stored in light, but surprisingly the two non-acylated anthocyanins, showed higher stability than the three acylated ones.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anders Hauer Møller
- Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, Agro Food Park 48, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark; CBIO, Aarhus University Centre for Circular Bioeconomy, 8830 Tjele, Denmark; CiFOOD, Aarhus University Centre for Innovative Food Research, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Marianne Danielsen
- Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, Agro Food Park 48, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark; CBIO, Aarhus University Centre for Circular Bioeconomy, 8830 Tjele, Denmark; CiFOOD, Aarhus University Centre for Innovative Food Research, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Martin Jensen
- Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, Agro Food Park 48, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark; CiFOOD, Aarhus University Centre for Innovative Food Research, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | | | - Trine Kastrup Dalsgaard
- Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, Agro Food Park 48, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark; CBIO, Aarhus University Centre for Circular Bioeconomy, 8830 Tjele, Denmark; CiFOOD, Aarhus University Centre for Innovative Food Research, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark.
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4
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Amoah OJ, Thapa SB, Ma SY, Nguyen HT, Zakaria MM, Sohng JK. Biosynthesis of Apigenin Glucosides in Engineered Corynebacterium glutamicum. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 34:1154-1163. [PMID: 38563097 PMCID: PMC11180926 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2401.01017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Glucosylation is a well-known approach to improve the solubility, pharmacological, and biological properties of flavonoids, making flavonoid glucosides a target for large-scale biosynthesis. However, the low yield of products coupled with the requirement of expensive UDP-sugars limits the application of enzymatic systems for large-scale. C. glutamicum is a Gram-positive and generally regarded as safe (GRAS) bacteria frequently employed for the large-scale production of amino acids and bio-fuels. Due to the versatility of its cell factory system and its non-endotoxin producing properties, it has become an attractive system for the industrial-scale biosynthesis of alternate products. Here, we explored the cell factory of C. glutamicum for efficient glucosylation of flavonoids using apigenin as a model flavonoid, with the heterologous expression of a promiscuous glycosyltransferase, YdhE from Bacillus licheniformis and the endogenous overexpression of C. glutamicum genes galU1 encoding UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase and pgm encoding phosphoglucomutase involved in the synthesis of UDP-glucose to create a C. glutamicum cell factory system capable of efficiently glucosylation apigenin with a high yield of glucosides production. Consequently, the production of various apigenin glucosides was controlled under different temperatures yielding almost 4.2 mM of APG1(apigenin-4'-O-β-glucoside) at 25°C, and 0.6 mM of APG2 (apigenin-7-O-β-glucoside), 1.7 mM of APG3 (apigenin-4',7-O-β-diglucoside) and 2.1 mM of APG4 (apigenin-4',5-O-β-diglucoside) after 40 h of incubation with the supplementation of 5 mM of apigenin and 37°C. The cost-effective developed system could be used to modify a wide range of plant secondary metabolites with increased pharmacokinetic activities on a large scale without the use of expensive UDP-sugars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Obed Jackson Amoah
- Department of Life Science and Biochemical Engineering, Sun Moon University, Asan-si 31460, Republic of Korea
| | - Samir Bahadur Thapa
- Department of Life Science and Biochemical Engineering, Sun Moon University, Asan-si 31460, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Yeong Ma
- Department of Life Science and Biochemical Engineering, Sun Moon University, Asan-si 31460, Republic of Korea
| | - Hue Thi Nguyen
- Department of Life Science and Biochemical Engineering, Sun Moon University, Asan-si 31460, Republic of Korea
| | - Morshed Md Zakaria
- Department of Life Science and Biochemical Engineering, Sun Moon University, Asan-si 31460, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Kyung Sohng
- Department of Life Science and Biochemical Engineering, Sun Moon University, Asan-si 31460, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Biotechnology, Sun Moon University, Asan-si 31460, Republic of Korea
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5
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Chu LL, Tran CTB, Pham DTK, Nguyen HTA, Nguyen MH, Pham NM, Nguyen ATV, Phan DT, Do HM, Nguyen QH. Metabolic Engineering of Corynebacterium glutamicum for the Production of Flavonoids and Stilbenoids. Molecules 2024; 29:2252. [PMID: 38792114 PMCID: PMC11123965 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29102252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids and stilbenoids, crucial secondary metabolites abundant in plants and fungi, display diverse biological and pharmaceutical activities, including potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial effects. However, conventional production methods, such as chemical synthesis and plant extraction, face challenges in sustainability and yield. Hence, there is a notable shift towards biological production using microorganisms like Escherichia coli and yeast. Yet, the drawbacks of using E. coli and yeast as hosts for these compounds persist. For instance, yeast's complex glycosylation profile can lead to intricate protein production scenarios, including hyperglycosylation issues. Consequently, Corynebacterium glutamicum emerges as a promising alternative, given its adaptability and recent advances in metabolic engineering. Although extensively used in biotechnological applications, the potential production of flavonoid and stilbenoid in engineered C. glutamicum remains largely untapped compared to E. coli. This review explores the potential of metabolic engineering in C. glutamicum for biosynthesis, highlighting its versatility as a cell factory and assessing optimization strategies for these pathways. Additionally, various metabolic engineering methods, including genomic editing and biosensors, and cofactor regeneration are evaluated, with a focus on C. glutamicum. Through comprehensive discussion, the review offers insights into future perspectives in production, aiding researchers and industry professionals in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luan Luong Chu
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Phenikaa University, Hanoi 12116, Vietnam
| | - Chau T. Bang Tran
- Faculty of Biology, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi (VNU), 334 Nguyen Trai, Thanh Xuan, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam (Q.H.N.)
| | - Duyen T. Kieu Pham
- Faculty of Biology, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi (VNU), 334 Nguyen Trai, Thanh Xuan, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam (Q.H.N.)
| | - Hoa T. An Nguyen
- Faculty of Biology, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi (VNU), 334 Nguyen Trai, Thanh Xuan, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam (Q.H.N.)
| | - Mi Ha Nguyen
- Faculty of Biology, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi (VNU), 334 Nguyen Trai, Thanh Xuan, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam (Q.H.N.)
| | - Nhung Mai Pham
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Phenikaa University, Hanoi 12116, Vietnam
| | - Anh T. Van Nguyen
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Phenikaa University, Hanoi 12116, Vietnam
| | - Dung T. Phan
- Faculty of Biology, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi (VNU), 334 Nguyen Trai, Thanh Xuan, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam (Q.H.N.)
| | - Ha Minh Do
- Faculty of Biology, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi (VNU), 334 Nguyen Trai, Thanh Xuan, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam (Q.H.N.)
- National Key Laboratory of Enzyme and Protein Technology, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi (VNU), 334 Nguyen Trai, Thanh Xuan, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam
| | - Quang Huy Nguyen
- Faculty of Biology, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi (VNU), 334 Nguyen Trai, Thanh Xuan, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam (Q.H.N.)
- National Key Laboratory of Enzyme and Protein Technology, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi (VNU), 334 Nguyen Trai, Thanh Xuan, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam
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6
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Wu X, Chen R, Liang P, Zha J. Identification of Escherichia coli multidrug resistance transporters involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1357794. [PMID: 38646631 PMCID: PMC11026601 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1357794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The anthocyanin compound cyanidin 3-O-glucoside (C3G) is a natural pigment widely used in food and nutraceutical industries. Its microbial synthesis by E. coli is a promising alternative to the traditional extraction methods. However, part of the synthesized C3G accumulates in the cytoplasm, thus potentially causing growth inhibition and product degradation. Therefore, it is necessary to enhance C3G secretion via exploration of native transporters facilitating C3G export. In this study, we report the screening and verification of native multidrug resistance transporters from 40 candidates in E. coli that can improve the extracellular C3G production when using catechin as the substrate. Overexpression of single transporter genes including fsr, yebQ, ynfM, mdlAB, and emrKY were found to increase C3G production by 0.5- to 4.8-fold. Genetic studies indicated that mdlAB and emrKY are vital transporters in the secretion of C3G. Our study reveals a set of new multidrug resistance transporters for the improvement of microbial biosynthesis of C3G and other anthocyanins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Wu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an, China
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of Antiviral and Antimicrobial-Resistant Bacteria Therapeutics Research, Xi’an, China
| | - Rongxia Chen
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an, China
| | - Ping Liang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an, China
| | - Jian Zha
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an, China
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of Antiviral and Antimicrobial-Resistant Bacteria Therapeutics Research, Xi’an, China
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7
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Zhou W, Cui Y, Chen M, Gao Q, Bao K, Wang Y, Zhang M. Production of bilirubin via whole-cell transformation utilizing recombinant Corynebacterium glutamicum expressing a β-glucuronidase from Staphylococcus sp. RLH1. Biotechnol Lett 2024; 46:223-233. [PMID: 38310624 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-024-03468-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Bilirubin, a key active ingredient of bezoars with extensive clinical applications in China, is produced through a chemical process. However, this method suffers from inefficiency and adverse environmental impacts. To address this challenge, we present a novel and efficient approach for bilirubin production via whole-cell transformation. In this study, we employed Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC13032 to express a β-glucuronidase (StGUS), an enzyme from Staphylococcus sp. RLH1 that effectively hydrolyzes conjugated bilirubin to bilirubin. Following the optimization of the biotransformation conditions, a remarkable conversion rate of 79.7% in the generation of bilirubin was obtained at temperate 40 °C, pH 7.0, 1 mM Mg2+ and 6 mM antioxidant NaHSO3 after 12 h. These findings hold significant potential for establishing an industrially viable platform for large-scale bilirubin production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China.
- Key Laboratory of Human Microenvironment and Precision Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China.
| | - Yanan Cui
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of Human Microenvironment and Precision Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Mengyun Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of Human Microenvironment and Precision Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Qijun Gao
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Kai Bao
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Yongzhong Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of Human Microenvironment and Precision Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Min Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of Human Microenvironment and Precision Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
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8
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Wu X, Ren J, Wang J, Koffas MAG, Zha J. A major facilitator superfamily transporter MdtH in Escherichia coli is involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis and secretion. Appl Environ Microbiol 2024; 90:e0207923. [PMID: 38349148 PMCID: PMC10952383 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02079-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanin cyanidin 3-O-glucoside (C3G) is a natural pigment widely used in food and nutraceutical industries. Its microbial synthesis in Escherichia coli is a promising and efficient way toward large-scale production. The current production titer is low partly due to the accumulation of C3G inside the producing microbes; thus, it is important to explore native transporters responsible for anthocyanin secretion. Currently, there has been only one native E. coli transporter identified with C3G-transporting capability, and its overexpression has a very limited effect on the promotion of extracellular C3G production. In this study, we report the identification and verification of an efficient intrinsic C3G efflux transporter MdtH in E. coli through transcriptomic analysis and genetic/biochemical studies. MdtH could bind C3G with high affinity, and its overexpression increased the extracellular C3G biosynthesis in E. coli by 110%. Our study provides a new regulation target for microbial biosynthesis of C3G and other anthocyanins. IMPORTANCE Cyanidin 3-O-glucoside (C3G) is a natural colorant with health-promoting activities and is, hence, widely used in food, cosmetic, and nutraceutical industries. Its market supply is currently dependent on extraction from plants. As an alternative, C3G can be produced by the microbe Escherichia coli in a green and sustainable way. However, a large portion of this compound is retained inside the cell of E. coli, thus complicating the purification process and limiting the high-level production. We have identified and verified an efficient native transporter named MdtH in E. coli that can export C3G to the cultivation medium. Overexpression of MdtH could improve extracellular C3G production by 110% without modifications of the metabolic pathway genes or enzymes. This study reveals a new regulation target for C3G production in bacteria and provides guidance to the microbial biosynthesis of related compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Wu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Juan Ren
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jing Wang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mattheos A. G. Koffas
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, USA
| | - Jian Zha
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
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Li Q, Zhang F, Wang Z, Feng Y, Han Y. Advances in the Preparation, Stability, Metabolism, and Physiological Roles of Anthocyanins: A Review. Foods 2023; 12:3969. [PMID: 37959087 PMCID: PMC10647620 DOI: 10.3390/foods12213969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanins are natural flavonoid polyphenolic compounds widely found in fruits and vegetables. They exhibit antioxidant properties and prophylactic effects in the immune and cardiovascular systems, confer protection against cancer, and contribute to the prevention of cardiovascular diseases. Thus, their incorporation into functional foods, pharmaceuticals, supplements, and cosmetic formulations aims at promoting human well-being. This review comprehensively outlined the structural attributes of anthocyanins, expanding upon diverse methodologies employed for their extraction and production. Additionally, the stability, metabolic pathways, and manifold physiological functions of anthocyanins were discussed. However, their constrained fat solubility, susceptibility to instability, and restricted bioavailability collectively curtail their applicability and therapeutic efficacy. Consequently, a multidimensional approach was imperative, necessitating the exploration of innovative pathways to surmount these limitations, thereby amplifying the utilitarian significance of anthocyanins and furnishing pivotal support for their continual advancement and broader application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Fengzhen Zhang
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Zhenzhen Wang
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yaoze Feng
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Facilities Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
| | - Yahong Han
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
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10
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Mutz M, Kösters D, Wynands B, Wierckx N, Marienhagen J. Microbial synthesis of the plant natural product precursor p-coumaric acid with Corynebacterium glutamicum. Microb Cell Fact 2023; 22:209. [PMID: 37833813 PMCID: PMC10576375 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-023-02222-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phenylpropanoids such as p-coumaric acid represent important precursors for the synthesis of a broad range of plant secondary metabolites including stilbenoids, flavonoids, and lignans, which are of pharmacological interest due to their health-promoting properties. Although extraction from plant material or chemical synthesis is possible, microbial synthesis of p-coumaric acid from glucose has the advantage of being less expensive and more resource efficient. In this study, Corynebacterium glutamicum was engineered for the production of the plant polyphenol precursor p-coumaric acid from glucose. RESULTS Heterologous expression of the tyrosine ammonia-lyase encoding gene from Flavobacterium johnsoniae enabled the conversion of endogenously provided tyrosine to p-coumaric acid. Product consumption was avoided by abolishing essential reactions of the phenylpropanoid degradation pathway. Accumulation of anthranilate as a major byproduct was eliminated by reducing the activity of anthranilate synthase through targeted mutagenesis to avoid tryptophan auxotrophy. Subsequently, the carbon flux into the shikimate pathway was increased, phenylalanine biosynthesis was reduced, and phosphoenolpyruvate availability was improved to boost p-coumaric acid accumulation. A maximum titer of 661 mg/L p-coumaric acid (4 mM) in defined mineral medium was reached. Finally, the production strain was utilized in co-cultivations with a C. glutamicum strain previously engineered for the conversion of p-coumaric acid into the polyphenol resveratrol. These co-cultivations enabled the synthesis of 31.2 mg/L (0.14 mM) resveratrol from glucose without any p-coumaric acid supplementation. CONCLUSIONS The utilization of a heterologous tyrosine ammonia-lyase in combination with optimization of the shikimate pathway enabled the efficient production of p-coumaric acid with C. glutamicum. Reducing the carbon flux into the phenylalanine and tryptophan branches was the key to success along with the introduction of feedback-resistant enzyme variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Mutz
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringer Weg 3, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Dominic Kösters
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringer Weg 3, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Benedikt Wynands
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Nick Wierckx
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Jan Marienhagen
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringer Weg 3, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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Ma SY, Amoah OJ, Nguyen HT, Sohng JK. Glucosylation of Isoeugenol and Monoterpenes in Corynebacterium glutamicum by YdhE from Bacillus lichenformis. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28093789. [PMID: 37175199 PMCID: PMC10180135 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28093789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Corynebacterium glutamicum has been regarded as a food-grade microorganism. In recent years, the research to improve the activities of beneficial therapeutics and pharmaceutical substances has resulted in the engineering of the therapeutically favorable cell factory system of C. glutamicum. In this study, we successfully glucosylated isoeugenol and other monoterpene derivatives in C. glutamicum using a promiscuous YdhE, which is a glycosyltransferase from Bacillus lichenformis. For efficient glucosylation, cultivation conditions such as the production time, substrate concentration, carbon source, and culture medium were optimized. Our system successfully converted about 93% of the isoeugenol to glucosylated compounds in the culture. The glucoside compounds were then purified, analyzed, and identified as isoeugenol-1-O-β-d-glucoside and isoeugenol-1-O-β-d-(2″-acetyl)-glucoside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Yeong Ma
- Department of Life Science and Biochemical Engineering, Sun Moon University, 70 Sun Moon-ro 221, Tangjeong-myeon, Asan-si 31460, Republic of Korea
| | - Obed Jackson Amoah
- Department of Life Science and Biochemical Engineering, Sun Moon University, 70 Sun Moon-ro 221, Tangjeong-myeon, Asan-si 31460, Republic of Korea
| | - Hue Thi Nguyen
- Department of Life Science and Biochemical Engineering, Sun Moon University, 70 Sun Moon-ro 221, Tangjeong-myeon, Asan-si 31460, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Kyung Sohng
- Department of Life Science and Biochemical Engineering, Sun Moon University, 70 Sun Moon-ro 221, Tangjeong-myeon, Asan-si 31460, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Biotechnology, Sun Moon University, 70 Sun Moon-ro 221, Tangjeong-myeon, Asan-si 31460, Republic of Korea
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12
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Zha J, Zhao Z, Xiao Z, Eng T, Mukhopadhyay A, Koffas MA, Tang YJ. Biosystem design of Corynebacterium glutamicum for bioproduction. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2023; 79:102870. [PMID: 36549106 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2022.102870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Corynebacterium glutamicum, a natural glutamate-producing bacterium adopted for industrial production of amino acids, has been extensively explored recently for high-level biosynthesis of amino acid derivatives, bulk chemicals such as organic acids and short-chain alcohols, aromatics, and natural products, including polyphenols and terpenoids. Here, we review the recent advances with a focus on biosystem design principles, metabolic characterization and modeling, omics analysis, utilization of nonmodel feedstock, emerging CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats) tools for Corynebacterium strain engineering, biosensors, and novel strains of C. glutamicum. Future research directions for developing C. glutamicum cell factories are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zha
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, China
| | - Zhen Zhao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, China
| | - Zhengyang Xiao
- Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in Saint Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Thomas Eng
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Aindrila Mukhopadhyay
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Mattheos Ag Koffas
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA; Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Yinjie J Tang
- Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in Saint Louis, MO 63130, USA.
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13
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Tariq H, Asif S, Andleeb A, Hano C, Abbasi BH. Flavonoid Production: Current Trends in Plant Metabolic Engineering and De Novo Microbial Production. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13010124. [PMID: 36677049 PMCID: PMC9864322 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13010124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids are secondary metabolites that represent a heterogeneous family of plant polyphenolic compounds. Recent research has determined that the health benefits of fruits and vegetables, as well as the therapeutic potential of medicinal plants, are based on the presence of various bioactive natural products, including a high proportion of flavonoids. With current trends in plant metabolite research, flavonoids have become the center of attention due to their significant bioactivity associated with anti-cancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-microbial activities. However, the use of traditional approaches, widely associated with the production of flavonoids, including plant extraction and chemical synthesis, has not been able to establish a scalable route for large-scale production on an industrial level. The renovation of biosynthetic pathways in plants and industrially significant microbes using advanced genetic engineering tools offers substantial promise for the exploration and scalable production of flavonoids. Recently, the co-culture engineering approach has emerged to prevail over the constraints and limitations of the conventional monoculture approach by harnessing the power of two or more strains of engineered microbes to reconstruct the target biosynthetic pathway. In this review, current perspectives on the biosynthesis and metabolic engineering of flavonoids in plants have been summarized. Special emphasis is placed on the most recent developments in the microbial production of major classes of flavonoids. Finally, we describe the recent achievements in genetic engineering for the combinatorial biosynthesis of flavonoids by reconstructing synthesis pathways in microorganisms via a co-culture strategy to obtain high amounts of specific bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasnat Tariq
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Saaim Asif
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan
| | - Anisa Andleeb
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Christophe Hano
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures (LBLGC), INRAE USC1328, Eure et Loir Campus, Université d’Orléans, 28000 Chartres, France
- Correspondence: (C.H.); (B.H.A.)
| | - Bilal Haider Abbasi
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
- Correspondence: (C.H.); (B.H.A.)
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14
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Kim GY, Kim J, Park G, Kim HJ, Yang J, Seo SW. Synthetic biology tools for engineering Corynebacterium glutamicum. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2023; 21:1955-1965. [PMID: 36942105 PMCID: PMC10024154 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2023.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Corynebacterium glutamicum is a promising organism for the industrial production of amino acids, fuels, and various value-added chemicals. From the whole genome sequence release, C. glutamicum has been valuable in the field of industrial microbiology and biotechnology. Continuous discovery of genetic manipulations and regulation mechanisms has developed C. glutamicum as a synthetic biology platform chassis. This review summarized diverse genomic manipulation technologies and gene expression tools for static, dynamic, and multiplex control at transcription and translation levels. Moreover, we discussed the current challenges and applicable tools to C. glutamicum for future advancements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gi Yeon Kim
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Jinyoung Kim
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Geunyung Park
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Hyeon Jin Kim
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Jina Yang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Jeju National University, 102, Jejudaehak-ro, Jeju-si, Jeju-do 63243, South Korea
- Corresponding author.
| | - Sang Woo Seo
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, South Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, South Korea
- Institute of Chemical Processes, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, South Korea
- Bio-MAX Institute, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, South Korea
- Institute of Engineering Research Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, South Korea
- Corresponding author at: School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, South Korea.
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15
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Niu J, Mao Z, Mao Y, Wu K, Shi Z, Yuan Q, Cai J, Ma H. Construction and Analysis of an Enzyme-Constrained Metabolic Model of Corynebacterium glutamicum. Biomolecules 2022; 12:1499. [PMID: 36291707 PMCID: PMC9599660 DOI: 10.3390/biom12101499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The genome-scale metabolic model (GEM) is a powerful tool for interpreting and predicting cellular phenotypes under various environmental and genetic perturbations. However, GEM only considers stoichiometric constraints, and the simulated growth and product yield values will show a monotonic linear increase with increasing substrate uptake rate, which deviates from the experimentally measured values. Recently, the integration of enzymatic constraints into stoichiometry-based GEMs was proven to be effective in making novel discoveries and predicting new engineering targets. Here, we present the first genome-scale enzyme-constrained model (ecCGL1) for Corynebacterium glutamicum reconstructed by integrating enzyme kinetic data from various sources using a ECMpy workflow based on the high-quality GEM of C. glutamicum (obtained by modifying the iCW773 model). The enzyme-constrained model improved the prediction of phenotypes and simulated overflow metabolism, while also recapitulating the trade-off between biomass yield and enzyme usage efficiency. Finally, we used the ecCGL1 to identify several gene modification targets for l-lysine production, most of which agree with previously reported genes. This study shows that incorporating enzyme kinetic information into the GEM enhances the cellular phenotypes prediction of C. glutamicum, which can help identify key enzymes and thus provide reliable guidance for metabolic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhui Niu
- School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Biodesign Center, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Zhitao Mao
- Biodesign Center, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Yufeng Mao
- Biodesign Center, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Ke Wu
- Biodesign Center, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Zhenkun Shi
- Biodesign Center, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Qianqian Yuan
- Biodesign Center, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Jingyi Cai
- Biodesign Center, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Hongwu Ma
- School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Biodesign Center, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin 300308, China
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16
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Genomic landscapes of bacterial transposons and their applications in strain improvement. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:6383-6396. [PMID: 36094654 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-12170-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Transposons are mobile genetic elements that can give rise to gene mutation and genome rearrangement. Due to their mobility, transposons have been exploited as genetic tools for modification of plants, animals, and microbes. Although a plethora of reviews have summarized families of transposons, the transposons from fermentation bacteria have not been systematically documented, which thereby constrain the exploitation for metabolic engineering and synthetic biology purposes. In this review, we summarize the transposons from the most used fermentation bacteria including Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Lactococcus lactis, Corynebacterium glutamicum, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Zymomonas mobilis by literature retrieval and data mining from GenBank and KEGG. We also outline the state-of-the-art advances in basic research and industrial applications especially when allied with other genetic tools. Overall, this review aims to provide valuable insights for transposon-mediated strain improvement. KEY POINTS: • The transposons from the most-used fermentation bacteria are systematically summarized. • The applications of transposons in strain improvement are comprehensively reviewed.
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17
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Xu S, Li G, Zhou J, Chen G, Shao J. Efficient production of anthocyanins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by introducing anthocyanin transporter and knocking out endogenous degrading enzymes. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:899182. [PMID: 36061422 PMCID: PMC9437251 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.899182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanins are natural pigments found in various plants. As multifunctional natural compounds, anthocyanins are widely used in food, pharmaceuticals, health products, and cosmetics. At present, the anthocyanins are heterologously biosynthesized in prokaryotes from flavan-3-ols, which is rather expensive. This study aimed to metabolically engineer Saccharomyces cerevisiae for anthocyanin production. Anthocyanin production has been extensively studied to understand the metabolic pathway enzymes in their natural hosts, including CHS (chalcone synthase); FLS (flavonol synthase); CHI (chalcone isomerase); F3H (flavanone 3-hydroxylase); F3′H (flavonoid 3′-hydroxylase); F3′5′H (flavonoid 3′,5′-hydroxylase); DFR (dihydroflavonol 4-reductase); ANS (anthocyanidin synthase); LAR (leucoanthocyanidin reductase); and UFGT (flavonoid 3-O-glucosyltransferase). The anthocyanin transporter MdGSTF6 was first introduced and proven to be indispensable for the biosynthesis of anthocyanins. By expressing MdGSTF6, FaDFR, PhANS0, and Dc3GT and disrupting EXG1 (the main anthocyanin-degrading enzyme), the BA-22 strain produced 261.6 mg/L (254.5 mg/L cyanidin-3-O-glucoside and 7.1 mg/L delphinidin-3-O-glucoside) anthocyanins from 2.0 g/L dihydroflavonols, which was known to be the highest titer in eukaryotes. Finally, 15.1 mg/L anthocyanins was obtained from glucose by expressing the de novo biosynthesis pathway in S. cerevisiae, which is known to be the highest de novo production. It is the first study to show that through the introduction of a plant anthocyanin transporter and knockout of a yeast endogenous anthocyanin degrading enzyme, the anthocyanin titer has been increased by more than 100 times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory for Cell and Gene Engineering of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Zhejiang Esigma Biotechnology Company Limited, Haining, China
| | - Guangjian Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jingwen Zhou
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Guicai Chen
- Zhejiang Esigma Biotechnology Company Limited, Haining, China
- *Correspondence: Guicai Chen, ; Jianzhong Shao,
| | - Jianzhong Shao
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory for Cell and Gene Engineering of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Guicai Chen, ; Jianzhong Shao,
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18
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Akdemir H, Liu Y, Zhuang L, Zhang H, Koffas MAG. Utilization of microbial cocultures for converting mixed substrates to valuable bioproducts. Curr Opin Microbiol 2022; 68:102157. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2022.102157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Isogai S, Tominaga M, Kondo A, Ishii J. Plant Flavonoid Production in Bacteria and Yeasts. FRONTIERS IN CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fceng.2022.880694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids, a major group of secondary metabolites in plants, are promising for use as pharmaceuticals and food supplements due to their health-promoting biological activities. Industrial flavonoid production primarily depends on isolation from plants or organic synthesis, but neither is a cost-effective or sustainable process. In contrast, recombinant microorganisms have significant potential for the cost-effective, sustainable, environmentally friendly, and selective industrial production of flavonoids, making this an attractive alternative to plant-based production or chemical synthesis. Structurally and functionally diverse flavonoids are derived from flavanones such as naringenin, pinocembrin and eriodictyol, the major basic skeletons for flavonoids, by various modifications. The establishment of flavanone-producing microorganisms can therefore be used as a platform for producing various flavonoids. This review summarizes metabolic engineering and synthetic biology strategies for the microbial production of flavanones. In addition, we describe directed evolution strategies based on recently-developed high-throughput screening technologies for the further improvement of flavanone production. We also describe recent progress in the microbial production of structurally and functionally complicated flavonoids via the flavanone modifications. Strategies based on synthetic biology will aid more sophisticated and controlled microbial production of various flavonoids.
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20
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Wu X, Liu J, Liu D, Yuwen M, Koffas MAG, Zha J. Biosynthesis of eriodictyol from tyrosine by Corynebacterium glutamicum. Microb Cell Fact 2022; 21:86. [PMID: 35568867 PMCID: PMC9107716 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-022-01815-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Eriodictyol is a bioactive flavonoid compound that shows potential applications in medicine development and food processing. Microbial synthesis of eriodictyol has been attracting increasing attention due to several benefits. In this study, we employed a GRAS strain Corynebacterium glutamicum as the host to produce eriodictyol directly from tyrosine. Results We firstly optimized the biosynthetic module of naringenin, the upstream intermediate for eriodictyol production, through screening of different gene orthologues. Next, to improve the level of the precursor malonyl-CoA necessary for naringenin production, we introduced matB and matC from Rhizobium trifolii into C. glutamicum to convert extracellular malonate to intracellular malonyl-CoA. This combinatorial engineering resulted in around 35-fold increase in naringenin production from tyrosine compared to the initial recombinant C. glutamicum. Subsequently, the hpaBC genes from E. coli encoding 4-hydroxyphenylacetate 3-hydroxylase were expressed in C. glutamicum to synthesize eriodictyol from naringenin. Further optimization of the biotransformation process parameters led to the production of 14.10 mg/L eriodictyol. Conclusions The biosynthesis of the ortho-hydroxylated flavonoid eriodictyol in C. glutamicum was achieved for the first time via functional expression of E. coli hpaBC, providing a baseline strain for biosynthesis of other complex flavonoids. Our study demonstrates the potential application of C. glutamicum as a host microbe for the biosynthesis of value-added natural compounds from tyrosine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Wu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jingyi Liu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dan Liu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, Shaanxi, China
| | - Miaomiao Yuwen
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mattheos A G Koffas
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA.
| | - Jian Zha
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, Shaanxi, China.
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21
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Yang S, Mi L, Wu J, Liao X, Xu Z. Strategy for anthocyanins production: From efficient green extraction to novel microbial biosynthesis. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:9409-9424. [PMID: 35486571 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2067117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Anthocyanins are widely distributed in nature and exhibit brilliant colors and multiple health-promoting effects; therefore, they are extensively incorporated into foods, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetic industries. Anthocyanins have been traditionally produced by plant extraction, which is characterized by high expenditure, low production rates, and rather complex processes, and hence cannot meet the increasing market demand. In addition, the emerging environmental issues resulting from traditional solvent extraction technologies necessitate a more efficient and eco-friendly alternative strategy for producing anthocyanins. This review summarizes the efficient approach for green extraction and introduces a novel strategy for microbial biosynthesis of anthocyanins, emphasizing the technological changes in production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shini Yang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Institute of Quality Standard & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Mi
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jihong Wu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojun Liao
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenzhen Xu
- Institute of Quality Standard & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
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22
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Son J, Choi IH, Lim CG, Jang JH, Bang HB, Cha JW, Jeon EJ, Sohn MG, Yun HJ, Kim SC, Jeong KJ. Production of Cinnamaldehyde through Whole-Cell Bioconversion from trans-Cinnamic Acid Using Engineered Corynebacterium glutamicum. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:2656-2663. [PMID: 35102737 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c07398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cinnamaldehyde (CAD) has various applications in foods and pharmaceuticals and has gained prominence as a potent nematicide in agricultural research owing to its nematicidal activity. However, conventional methods of CAD production, including extraction from plants or organic chemical synthesis, are environmentally hazardous and limit its utilization for downstream applications. Here, we engineered Corynebacterium glutamicum as a whole-cell biocatalyst for the efficient bioconversion of trans-cinnamic acid (t-CA) into CAD. An expression module of Mycobacterium phlei carboxylic acid reductase was constructed for the conversion of t-CA to CAD. Additionally, the putative dehydrogenase-related genes (dkgA, adhC, and cg1176) responsible for the conversion of CAD to cinnamyl alcohol were deleted from the engineered C. glutamicum strain to prevent the loss of CAD. Furthermore, as the conversion is NADPH-dependent, we investigated the conversion efficiency by exchanging the putative promoter region for the zwf gene, which encodes glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, with a strong promoter to increase the NADPH pool. Finally, a bioconversion platform using C. glutamicum as a whole-cell biocatalyst was developed by deleting the vdh gene, which is involved in the reverse conversion of CAD to t-CA. Taken together, a 100% conversion yield of 1.1 g/L CAD from 1.2 g/L t-CA was obtained within 30 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaewoo Son
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - In Hyeok Choi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Gyu Lim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Hong Jang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Bae Bang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Won Cha
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Jung Jeon
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Gi Sohn
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Jin Yun
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Chang Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Institute for the BioCentury, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Jun Jeong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Institute for the BioCentury, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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Oxidative Transformation of Dihydroflavonols and Flavan-3-ols by Anthocyanidin Synthase from Vitis vinifera. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27031047. [PMID: 35164310 PMCID: PMC8839691 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27031047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Twelve polyphenols from three distinct families (dihydroflavonols, flavan-3-ols, and flavanones) were studied as potential substrates of anthocyanidin synthase from Vitis vinifera (VvANS). Only flavan-3-ols of (2R,3S) configuration having either a catechol or gallol group on ring B are accepted as substrates. Only dihydroflavonols of (2R,3R) configuration are accepted as substrates, but a catechol or gallol group is not mandatory. Flavanones are not substrates of VvANS. HPLC and MS/MS analyses of the enzymatic products showed that the VvANS-catalyzed oxidative transformation of (+)-dihydroflavonols, such as dihydroquercetin, dihydrokaempferol and dihydromyricetin, leads only to the corresponding flavonols. Among the flavan-3-ols recognized as substrates, (+)-gallocatechin was only transformed into delphinidin by VvANS, whereas (+)-catechin was transformed into three products, including two major products that were an ascorbate-cyanidin adduct and a dimer of oxidized catechin, and a minor product that was cyanidin. Data from real-time MS monitoring of the enzymatic transformation of (+)-catechin suggest that its products are all derived from the initial C3-hydroxylation intermediate, i.e., a 3,3-gem-diol, and their most likely formation mechanism is discussed.
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24
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Liu J, Tian M, Wang Z, Xiao F, Huang X, Shan Y. Production of hesperetin from naringenin in an engineered Escherichia coli consortium. J Biotechnol 2022; 347:67-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2022.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Grewal J, Woła̧cewicz M, Pyter W, Joshi N, Drewniak L, Pranaw K. Colorful Treasure From Agro-Industrial Wastes: A Sustainable Chassis for Microbial Pigment Production. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:832918. [PMID: 35173704 PMCID: PMC8841802 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.832918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Colors with their attractive appeal have been an integral part of human lives and the easy cascade of chemical catalysis enables fast, bulk production of these synthetic colorants with low costs. However, the resulting hazardous impacts on the environment and human health has stimulated an interest in natural pigments as a safe and ecologically clean alternative. Amidst sources of natural producers, the microbes with their diversity, ease of all-season production and peculiar bioactivities are attractive entities for industrial production of these marketable natural colorants. Further, in line with circular bioeconomy and environmentally clean technologies, the use of agro-industrial wastes as feedstocks for carrying out the microbial transformations paves way for sustainable and cost-effective production of these valuable secondary metabolites with simultaneous waste management. The present review aims to comprehensively cover the current green workflow of microbial colorant production by encompassing the potency of waste feedstocks and fermentation technologies. The commercially important pigments viz. astaxanthin, prodigiosin, canthaxanthin, lycopene, and β-carotene produced by native and engineered bacterial, fungal, or yeast strains have been elaborately discussed with their versatile applications in food, pharmaceuticals, textiles, cosmetics, etc. The limitations and their economic viability to meet the future market demands have been envisaged. The most recent advances in various molecular approaches to develop engineered microbiological systems for enhanced pigment production have been included to provide new perspectives to this burgeoning field of research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Kumar Pranaw
- Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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Lyu X, Lyu Y, Yu H, Chen W, Ye L, Yang R. Biotechnological advances for improving natural pigment production: a state-of-the-art review. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2022; 9:8. [PMID: 38647847 PMCID: PMC10992905 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-022-00497-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In current years, natural pigments are facing a fast-growing global market due to the increase of people's awareness of health and the discovery of novel pharmacological effects of various natural pigments, e.g., carotenoids, flavonoids, and curcuminoids. However, the traditional production approaches are source-dependent and generally subject to the low contents of target pigment compounds. In order to scale-up industrial production, many efforts have been devoted to increasing pigment production from natural producers, via development of both in vitro plant cell/tissue culture systems, as well as optimization of microbial cultivation approaches. Moreover, synthetic biology has opened the door for heterologous biosynthesis of pigments via design and re-construction of novel biological modules as well as biological systems in bio-platforms. In this review, the innovative methods and strategies for optimization and engineering of both native and heterologous producers of natural pigments are comprehensively summarized. Current progress in the production of several representative high-value natural pigments is also presented; and the remaining challenges and future perspectives are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Lyu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Lyu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongwei Yu
- Institute of Bioengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - WeiNing Chen
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637459, Singapore
| | - Lidan Ye
- Institute of Bioengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ruijin Yang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China.
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27
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Gui H, Sun L, Liu R, Si X, Li D, Wang Y, Shu C, Sun X, Jiang Q, Qiao Y, Li B, Tian J. Current knowledge of anthocyanin metabolism in the digestive tract: absorption, distribution, degradation, and interconversion. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:5953-5966. [PMID: 35057688 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2026291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Potential roles for anthocyanins in preventing various chronic diseases have been reported. These compounds are highly sensitive to external conditions and are susceptible to degradation, which increases the complexity of their metabolism in vivo. This review discusses anthocyanin metabolism in the digestive tract, phase I and II metabolism, and enterohepatic circulation (EHC), as well as their distribution of anthocyanins in blood, urine, and several organs. In the oral cavity, anthocyanins are partly hydrolyzed by microbiota into aglycones which are then conjugated by glucuronidase. In stomach, anthocyanins are absorbed without deglycosylation via specific transporters, such as sodium-dependent glucose co-transporter 1 and facilitative glucose transporters 1, while in small intestine, they are mainly absorbed as aglycones. High polymeric anthocyanins are easily degraded into low-polymeric forms or smaller phenolic acids by colonic microbiota, which improves their absorption. Anthocyanins and their derivatives are modified by phase I and II metabolic enzymes in cells and are released into the blood via the gastrovascular cavity into EHC. Notably, interconversion can be occurred under the action of enzymes such as catechol-O-methyltransferase. Taking together, differences in anthocyanin absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion largely depend on their glycoside and aglycone structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Gui
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Food Nutrition and Innovative Manufacturing, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Lijun Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ruihai Liu
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Xu Si
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Food Nutrition and Innovative Manufacturing, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Dongnan Li
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Food Nutrition and Innovative Manufacturing, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yuehua Wang
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Food Nutrition and Innovative Manufacturing, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Chi Shu
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Food Nutrition and Innovative Manufacturing, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiyun Sun
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Food Nutrition and Innovative Manufacturing, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Qiao Jiang
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Food Nutrition and Innovative Manufacturing, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yanyan Qiao
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Food Nutrition and Innovative Manufacturing, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Bin Li
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Food Nutrition and Innovative Manufacturing, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Jinlong Tian
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Food Nutrition and Innovative Manufacturing, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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Sun J, Sun W, Zhang G, Lv B, Li C. High efficient production of plant flavonoids by microbial cell factories: Challenges and opportunities. Metab Eng 2022; 70:143-154. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2022.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Park E, Kim HJ, Seo SY, Lee HN, Choi SS, Lee SJ, Kim ES. Shikimate Metabolic Pathway Engineering in Corynebacterium glutamicum. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 31:1305-1310. [PMID: 34373439 PMCID: PMC9705862 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2106.06009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Shikimate is a key high-demand metabolite for synthesizing valuable antiviral drugs, such as the anti-influenza drug, oseltamivir (Tamiflu). Microbial-based strategies for shikimate production have been developed to overcome the unstable and expensive supply of shikimate derived from traditional plant extraction processes. In this study, a microbial cell factory using Corynebacterium glutamicum was designed to overproduce shikimate in a fed-batch culture system. First, the shikimate kinase gene (aroK) responsible for converting shikimate to the next step was disrupted to facilitate the accumulation of shikimate. Several genes encoding the shikimate bypass route, such as dehydroshikimate dehydratase (QsuB), pyruvate kinase (Pyk1), and quinate/shikimate dehydrogenase (QsuD), were disrupted sequentially. An artificial operon containing several shikimate pathway genes, including aroE, aroB, aroF, and aroG were overexpressed to maximize the glucose uptake and intermediate flux. The rationally designed shikimate-overproducing C. glutamicum strain grown in an optimized medium produced approximately 37.3 g/l of shikimate in 7-L fed-batch fermentation. Overall, rational cell factory design and culture process optimization for the microbial-based production of shikimate will play a key role in complementing traditional plant-derived shikimate production processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunhwi Park
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Jin Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Yeul Seo
- STR Biotech Co., Ltd., Chuncheon 24232, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Na Lee
- STR Biotech Co., Ltd., Chuncheon 24232, Republic of Korea
| | - Si-Sun Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Joung Lee
- STR Biotech Co., Ltd., Chuncheon 24232, Republic of Korea
| | - Eung-Soo Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea,Corresponding author Phone: 82-32-860-8318 Fax: 82-32-872-4046 E-mail:
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30
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Heath RS, Ruscoe RE, Turner NJ. The beauty of biocatalysis: sustainable synthesis of ingredients in cosmetics. Nat Prod Rep 2021; 39:335-388. [PMID: 34879125 DOI: 10.1039/d1np00027f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Covering: 2015 up to July 2021The market for cosmetics is consumer driven and the desire for green, sustainable and natural ingredients is increasing. The use of isolated enzymes and whole-cell organisms to synthesise these products is congruent with these values, especially when combined with the use of renewable, recyclable or waste feedstocks. The literature of biocatalysis for the synthesis of ingredients in cosmetics in the past five years is herein reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel S Heath
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK.
| | - Rebecca E Ruscoe
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK.
| | - Nicholas J Turner
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK.
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31
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Lou H, Hu L, Lu H, Wei T, Chen Q. Metabolic Engineering of Microbial Cell Factories for Biosynthesis of Flavonoids: A Review. Molecules 2021; 26:4522. [PMID: 34361675 PMCID: PMC8348848 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids belong to a class of plant secondary metabolites that have a polyphenol structure. Flavonoids show extensive biological activity, such as antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-mutagenic, anti-cancer, and antibacterial properties, so they are widely used in the food, pharmaceutical, and nutraceutical industries. However, traditional sources of flavonoids are no longer sufficient to meet current demands. In recent years, with the clarification of the biosynthetic pathway of flavonoids and the development of synthetic biology, it has become possible to use synthetic metabolic engineering methods with microorganisms as hosts to produce flavonoids. This article mainly reviews the biosynthetic pathways of flavonoids and the development of microbial expression systems for the production of flavonoids in order to provide a useful reference for further research on synthetic metabolic engineering of flavonoids. Meanwhile, the application of co-culture systems in the biosynthesis of flavonoids is emphasized in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanghang Lou
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (H.L.); (H.L.); (T.W.)
| | - Lifei Hu
- Hubei Key Lab of Quality and Safety of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Health Food, Huangshi 435100, China;
| | - Hongyun Lu
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (H.L.); (H.L.); (T.W.)
| | - Tianyu Wei
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (H.L.); (H.L.); (T.W.)
| | - Qihe Chen
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (H.L.); (H.L.); (T.W.)
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32
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Advances in metabolic engineering of Corynebacterium glutamicum to produce high-value active ingredients for food, feed, human health, and well-being. Essays Biochem 2021; 65:197-212. [PMID: 34096577 PMCID: PMC8313993 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20200134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The soil microbe Corynebacterium glutamicum is a leading workhorse in industrial biotechnology and has become famous for its power to synthetise amino acids and a range of bulk chemicals at high titre and yield. The product portfolio of the microbe is continuously expanding. Moreover, metabolically engineered strains of C. glutamicum produce more than 30 high value active ingredients, including signature molecules of raspberry, savoury, and orange flavours, sun blockers, anti-ageing sugars, and polymers for regenerative medicine. Herein, we highlight recent advances in engineering of the microbe into novel cell factories that overproduce these precious molecules from pioneering proofs-of-concept up to industrial productivity.
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33
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Son J, Jang JH, Choi IH, Lim CG, Jeon EJ, Bae Bang H, Jeong KJ. Production of trans-cinnamic acid by whole-cell bioconversion from L-phenylalanine in engineered Corynebacterium glutamicum. Microb Cell Fact 2021; 20:145. [PMID: 34303376 PMCID: PMC8310591 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-021-01631-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background trans-cinnamic acid (t-CA) is a phenylpropanoid with a broad spectrum of biological activities including antioxidant and antibacterial activities, and it also has high potential in food and cosmetic applications. Although significant progress has been made in the production of t-CA using microorganisms, its relatively low product titers still need to be improved. In this study, we engineered Corynebacterium glutamicum as a whole-cell catalyst for the bioconversion of l-phenylalanine (l-Phe) into t-CA and developed a repeated bioconversion process. Results An expression module based on a phenylalanine ammonia lyase-encoding gene from Streptomyces maritimus (SmPAL), which mediates the conversion of l-Phe into t-CA, was constructed in C. glutamicum. Using the strong promoter PH36 and ribosome binding site (RBS) (in front of gene 10 of the T7 phage), and a high-copy number plasmid, SmPAL could be expressed to levels as high as 39.1% of the total proteins in C. glutamicum. Next, to improve t-CA production at an industrial scale, reaction conditions including temperature and pH were optimized; t-CA production reached up to 6.7 mM/h in a bioreactor under optimal conditions (50 °C and pH 8.5, using NaOH as base solution). Finally, a recycling system was developed by coupling membrane filtration with the bioreactor, and the engineered C. glutamicum successfully produced 13.7 mM of t-CA (24.3 g) from 18.2 mM of l-Phe (36 g) and thus with a yield of 75% (0.75 mol/mol) through repetitive supplementation. Conclusions We developed a highly efficient bioconversion process using C. glutamicum as a biocatalyst and a micromembrane-based cell recycling system. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on t-CA production in C. glutamicum, and this robust platform will contribute to the development of an industrially relevant platform for the production of t-CA using microorganisms. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12934-021-01631-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaewoo Son
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, BK21 Plus program, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Hong Jang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, BK21 Plus program, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - In Hyeok Choi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, BK21 Plus program, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Gyu Lim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, BK21 Plus program, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Jung Jeon
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, BK21 Plus program, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Bae Bang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, BK21 Plus program, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Jun Jeong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, BK21 Plus program, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea. .,Institute for The BioCentury, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
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34
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Yao C, Hu X, Wang X. Construction and application of a CRISPR/Cas9-assisted genomic editing system for Corynebacterium glutamicum. AMB Express 2021; 11:70. [PMID: 34009533 PMCID: PMC8134620 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-021-01231-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Corynebacterium glutamicum is widely used as microbial cell factory for various bioproducts, but its genomic editing efficiency needs to be improved. In this study, a highly efficient CRISPR/Cas9-assisted genomic editing system for C. glutamicum was constructed. This system mainly involves a plasmid and can be used for both gene insertion and deletion in the chromosome of C. glutamicum. The recombinant plasmid for the target gene containing all the editing elements, and first constructed it in E. coli, then purified and transformed it into C. glutamicum. This temperature-sensitive plasmid was cured at high temperature after the genomic editing was completed in C. glutamicum. Using this genetic editing system, the genetic editing efficiency in C. glutamicum ATCC 13032 could reach 95%. The whole work of editing could be done in 8-9 days and showed most time-saving compared to the reported. Using this system, the native promoter of gdhA1 in ATCC 13032 has been replaced with the strong promoter PtacM, and more than 10 genes in ATCC 13032 have been deleted. The results demonstrate that this CRISPR/Cas9-assisted system is highly efficient and very suitable for genome editing in C. glutamicum.
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35
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Madhavan A, Arun KB, Binod P, Sirohi R, Tarafdar A, Reshmy R, Kumar Awasthi M, Sindhu R. Design of novel enzyme biocatalysts for industrial bioprocess: Harnessing the power of protein engineering, high throughput screening and synthetic biology. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 325:124617. [PMID: 33450638 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Biocatalysts have wider applications in various industries. Biocatalysts are generating bigger attention among researchers due to their unique catalytic properties like activity, specificity and stability. However the industrial use of many enzymes is hindered by low catalytic efficiency and stability during industrial processes. Properties of enzymes can be altered by protein engineering. Protein engineers are increasingly study the structure-function characteristics, engineering attributes, design of computational tools for enzyme engineering, and functional screening processes to improve the design and applications of enzymes. The potent and innovative techniques of enzyme engineering deliver outstanding opportunities for tailoring industrially important enzymes for the versatile production of biochemicals. An overview of the current trends in enzyme engineering is explored with important representative examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aravind Madhavan
- Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Trivandrum 695 014, India
| | - K B Arun
- Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Trivandrum 695 014, India
| | - Parameswaran Binod
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Trivandrum 695 019, India
| | - Ranjna Sirohi
- The Center for Energy and Environmental Sustainability, Lucknow 226 010, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ayon Tarafdar
- Division of Livestock Production and Management, ICAR - Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243 122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - R Reshmy
- Post Graduate and Research Department of Chemistry, Bishop Moore College, Mavelikara 690 110, Kerala, India
| | - Mukesh Kumar Awasthi
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, North West A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712 100, China
| | - Raveendran Sindhu
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Trivandrum 695 019, India.
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36
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Li C, Swofford CA, Rückert C, Sinskey AJ. Optimizing recombineering in Corynebacterium glutamicum. Biotechnol Bioeng 2021; 118:2255-2264. [PMID: 33650120 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Owing to the increasing demand for amino acids and valuable commodities that can be produced by Corynebacterium glutamicum, there is a pressing need for new rapid genome engineering tools that improve the speed and efficiency of genomic insertions, deletions, and mutations. Recombineering using the λ Red system in Escherichia coli has proven very successful at genetically modifying this organism in a quick and efficient manner, suggesting that optimizing a recombineering system for C. glutamicum will also improve the speed for genomic modifications. Here, we maximized the recombineering efficiency in C. glutamicum by testing the efficacy of seven different recombinase/exonuclease pairs for integrating single-stranded DNA and double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) into the genome. By optimizing the homologous arm length and the amount of dsDNA transformed, as well as eliminating codon bias, a dsDNA recombineering efficiency of 13,250 transformed colonies/109 viable cells was achieved, the highest efficiency currently reported in the literature. Using this optimized system, over 40,000 bp could be deleted in one transformation step. This recombineering strategy will greatly improve the speed of genetic modifications in C. glutamicum and assist other systems, such as clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and multiplexed automated genome engineering, in improving targeted genome editing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Li
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Disruptive & Sustainable Technologies for Agricultural Precision, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Charles A Swofford
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Disruptive & Sustainable Technologies for Agricultural Precision, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Christian Rückert
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Disruptive & Sustainable Technologies for Agricultural Precision, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anthony J Sinskey
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Disruptive & Sustainable Technologies for Agricultural Precision, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore, Singapore
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37
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Milivojević A, Ćorović M, Simović M, Banjanac K, Bezbradica D. Flavonoid esters synthesis using novel biocatalytic systems - CAL B immobilized onto LifeTech™ ECR supports. Biochem Eng J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2020.107748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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38
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Sheng H, Sun X, Yan Y, Yuan Q, Wang J, Shen X. Metabolic Engineering of Microorganisms for the Production of Flavonoids. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:589069. [PMID: 33117787 PMCID: PMC7576676 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.589069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids are a class of secondary metabolites found in plant and fungus. They have been widely used in food, pharmaceutical, and nutraceutical industries owing to their significant biological activities, such as antiaging, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer. However, the traditional approaches for the production of flavonoids including chemical synthesis and plant extraction involved hazardous materials and complicated processes and also suffered from low product titer and yield. Microbial synthesis of flavonoids from renewable biomass such as glucose and xylose has been considered as a sustainable and environmentally friendly method for large-scale production of flavonoids. Recently, construction of microbial cell factories for efficient biosynthesis of flavonoids has gained much attention. In this article, we summarize the recent advances in microbial synthesis of flavonoids including flavanones, flavones, isoflavones, flavonols, flavanols, and anthocyanins. We put emphasis on developing pathway construction and optimization strategies to biosynthesize flavonoids and to improve their titer and yield. Then, we discuss the current challenges and future perspectives on successful strain development for large-scale production of flavonoids in an industrial level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huakang Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Raesource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Xinxiao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Raesource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Yajun Yan
- College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Qipeng Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Raesource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Raesource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolin Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Raesource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
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39
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Liu J, Wu X, Yao M, Xiao W, Zha J. Chassis engineering for microbial production of chemicals: from natural microbes to synthetic organisms. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2020; 66:105-112. [PMID: 32738762 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2020.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chassis provides a setting for the expression of heterologous pathway genes, which often requires extensive engineering to achieve complete functions. Traditionally, chassis engineering relies on gene deletion/overexpression for the regulation of precursor/cofactor supply and product transportation, which has generated thousands of high-performance strains. With the development of synthetic biology, chassis modifications have expanded to the synthesis of artificial cellular machineries, creating synthetic cells for the biosynthesis of bioproducts. In this review, we will discuss the development of chassis engineering technologies, termed the first-generation and second-generation technologies, and their applications in the creation of chassis for the production of valued-added chemicals, with an emphasis on synthetic chassis and their applications and potential. The development of chassis engineering technologies will advance rational design and construction of customized chassis for the manufacturing of target bioproducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Liu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, China
| | - Xia Wu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, China
| | - Mingdong Yao
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, China; Frontier Technology Research Institute, Tianjin University, Tianjin 301700, China
| | - Wenhai Xiao
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Jian Zha
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, China.
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40
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Belwal T, Singh G, Jeandet P, Pandey A, Giri L, Ramola S, Bhatt ID, Venskutonis PR, Georgiev MI, Clément C, Luo Z. Anthocyanins, multi-functional natural products of industrial relevance: Recent biotechnological advances. Biotechnol Adv 2020; 43:107600. [PMID: 32693016 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2020.107600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanins, the color compounds of plants, are known for their wide applications in food, nutraceuticals and cosmetic industry. The biosynthetic pathway of anthocyanins is well established with the identification of potential key regulatory genes, which makes it possible to modulate its production by biotechnological means. Various biotechnological systems, including use of in vitro plant cell or tissue cultures as well as microorganisms have been used for the production of anthocyanins under controlled conditions, however, a wide range of factors affects their production. In addition, metabolic engineering technologies have also used the heterologous production of anthocyanins in recombinant plants and microorganisms. However, these approaches have mostly been tested at the lab- and pilot-scales, while very few up-scaling studies have been undertaken. Various challenges and ways of investigation are proposed here to improve anthocyanin production by using the in vitro plant cell or tissue culture and metabolic engineering of plants and microbial culture systems. All these methods are capable of modulating the production of anthocyanins , which can be further utilized for pharmaceutical, cosmetics and food applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarun Belwal
- Zhejiang University, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Processing, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China.
| | - Gopal Singh
- G.B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment, Kosi- Katarmal, Almora 263643, India; Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176061, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Philippe Jeandet
- Research Unit, Induced Resistance and Plant Bioprotection, EA 4707, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Faculty of Sciences, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, PO Box 1039, 51687 Reims Cedex 2, France
| | - Aseesh Pandey
- G.B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment, Sikkim Regional Centre, Pangthang, Gangtok 737101, Sikkim, India
| | - Lalit Giri
- G.B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment, Kosi- Katarmal, Almora 263643, India
| | - Sudipta Ramola
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Indra D Bhatt
- G.B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment, Kosi- Katarmal, Almora 263643, India
| | - Petras Rimantas Venskutonis
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilėnų pl. 19, Kaunas LT-50254, Lithuania
| | - Milen I Georgiev
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv, Bulgaria; Laboratory of Metabolomics, The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Christophe Clément
- Research Unit, Induced Resistance and Plant Bioprotection, EA 4707, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Faculty of Sciences, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, PO Box 1039, 51687 Reims Cedex 2, France
| | - Zisheng Luo
- Zhejiang University, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Processing, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China; National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang R&D Center for Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China; Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, People's Republic of China.
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41
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Zhang Y, Liu Y, Zhang S, Ma W, Wang J, Yin L, Wang X. Metabolic engineering of Corynebacterium glutamicum WM001 to improve l-isoleucine production. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2020; 68:568-584. [PMID: 32474971 DOI: 10.1002/bab.1963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
In this study, l-isoleucine production in Corynebacterium glutamicum WM001 was improved by deleting three genes in the genome, replacing the native promoter of ilvA in the genome, and overexpression of five genes in an alr-based auxotrophic complementation expression system. The three genes deleted in the genome are alaT, brnQ, and alr. Deletion of alaT improved l-isoleucine production by increasing the supply of pyruvate, whereas deletion of brnQ improved l-isoleucine production by blocking the uptake of extracellular l-isoleucine. Exchange of the native promoter of ilvA with promoter tac or tacM could contribute to l-isoleucine production by increasing 2-ketobutyric acid; tac is better than tacM for improving l-isoleucine yield. Different combinations of the genes ilvBN, ppnK, lrp, and brnFE were overexpressed in an alr-based auxotrophic complementation expression system to further improve l-isoleucine production, and the best yield after 72-H flask fermentation was obtained from the strain WM005/pYCW-1-ilvBN2-ppnK1. Without addition of any antibiotics, WM005/pYCW-1-ilvBN2-ppnK1 could produce 32.1 g/L l-isoleucine after 72-H fed-batch fermentation, which is 34.3% increase compared with the original strain WM001.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanchao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yadi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjian Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianli Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Lianghong Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
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42
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Advances on the in vivo and in vitro glycosylations of flavonoids. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:6587-6600. [PMID: 32514754 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10667-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids possess diverse bioactivity and potential medicinal values. Glycosylation of flavonoids, coupling flavonoid aglycones and glycosyl groups in conjugated form, can change the biological activity of flavonoids, increase water solubility, reduce toxic and side effects, and improve specific targeting. Therefore, it is desirable to synthesize various flavonoid glycosides for further investigation on their medicinal values. Compared with chemical glycosylations, biotransformations catalyzed by uridine diphospho-glycosyltransferases provide an environmentally friendly way to construct glycosidic bonds without repetitive chemical synthetic steps of protection, activation, coupling, and deprotection. In this review, we will summarize the existing knowledge on the biotechnological glycosylation reactions either in vitro or in vivo for the synthesis of flavonoid O- and C-glycosides and other rare analogs.Key points• Flavonoid glycosides usually show improved properties compared with their flavonoid aglycones.• Chemical glycosylation requires repetitive synthetic steps and purifications.• Biotechnological glycosylation reactions either in vitro or in vivo were discussed.• Provides representative synthetic examples in detail.
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43
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Saigo T, Wang T, Watanabe M, Tohge T. Diversity of anthocyanin and proanthocyanin biosynthesis in land plants. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 55:93-99. [PMID: 32387820 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2020.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins are among the most numerous and widely distributed pigments in land plants. Given that these pigments are the valuable compounds, as stress protectants and health-promoting components because of their potent antioxidant activity, several metabolic engineering approaches focusing on these compounds have been attempted. Currently, the difference in biological functions between flavonoid decorations is focused, because some aglycone decorations were found to be key factors rendering physiological functions against environmental stresses. Therefore, metabolic diversity and functional genomics approaches focusing on anthocyanin decoration should be reconsidered. Additionally, since the production of anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins in plants is often represented in a tissue-specific manner and by stress induction, elucidation of the specific regulatory mechanisms of how these pathways have been evolved, is highly important. Here, we review current knowledge of the diversity of chemical structure and regulators of anthocyanin/proanthocyanin biosynthesis with cross-species comparison to assess metabolic evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoki Saigo
- Graduate School of Biological Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), Ikoma, 630-0192 Japan
| | - Tong Wang
- Graduate School of Biological Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), Ikoma, 630-0192 Japan
| | - Mutsumi Watanabe
- Graduate School of Biological Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), Ikoma, 630-0192 Japan
| | - Takayuki Tohge
- Graduate School of Biological Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), Ikoma, 630-0192 Japan.
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44
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Wu X, Zha J, Koffas MAG. Microbial production of bioactive chemicals for human health. Curr Opin Food Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cofs.2019.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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45
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Feng Y, Yao M, Wang Y, Ding M, Zha J, Xiao W, Yuan Y. Advances in engineering UDP-sugar supply for recombinant biosynthesis of glycosides in microbes. Biotechnol Adv 2020; 41:107538. [PMID: 32222423 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2020.107538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Plant glycosides are of great interest for industries. Glycosylation of plant secondary metabolites can greatly improve their solubility, biological activity, or stability. This allows some plant glycosides to be used as food additives, cosmetic products, health products, antisepsis and anti-cancer drugs. With the continuous expansion of market demand, a variety of biological fermentation technologies has emerged. This review focuses on recombinant microbial biosynthesis of plant glycosides, which uses UDP-sugars as precursors, and summarizes various strategies to increase the yield of glycosides with a key concentration on UDP-sugar supply based on four aspects, i.e., gene overexpression, UDP-sugar recycling, mixed fermentation, and carbon co-utilization. Meanwhile, the application potential and advantages of various techniques are introduced, which provide guidance to the development of high-yield strains for recombinant microbial production of plant glycosides. Finally, the technical challenges of glycoside biosynthesis are pointed out with discussions on future directions of improving the yield of recombinantly synthesized glycosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueyang Feng
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Mingdong Yao
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Mingzhu Ding
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Jian Zha
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China.
| | - Wenhai Xiao
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Yingjin Yuan
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, China
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46
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Making brilliant colors by microorganisms. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2020; 61:135-141. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2019.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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47
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Zeng W, Guo L, Xu S, Chen J, Zhou J. High-Throughput Screening Technology in Industrial Biotechnology. Trends Biotechnol 2020; 38:888-906. [PMID: 32005372 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2020.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Revised: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Based on the development of automatic devices and rapid assay methods, various high-throughput screening (HTS) strategies have been established for improving the performance of industrial microorganisms. We discuss the most significant factors that can improve HTS efficiency, including the construction of screening libraries with high diversity and the use of new detection methods to expand the search range and highlight target compounds. We also summarize applications of HTS for enhancing the performance of industrial microorganisms. Current challenges and potential improvements to HTS in industrial biotechnology are discussed in the context of rapid developments in synthetic biology, nanotechnology, and artificial intelligence. Rational integration will be an important driving force for constructing more efficient industrial microorganisms with wider applications in biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weizhu Zeng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Likun Guo
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Jiangsu Provisional Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Sha Xu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Jiangsu Provisional Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Jian Chen
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Jiangsu Provisional Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Jingwen Zhou
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Jiangsu Provisional Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
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48
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Zha J, Wu X, Gong G, Koffas MAG. Pathway enzyme engineering for flavonoid production in recombinant microbes. Metab Eng Commun 2019; 9:e00104. [PMID: 31720219 PMCID: PMC6838514 DOI: 10.1016/j.mec.2019.e00104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic engineering of microbial strains for the production of flavonoids of industrial interest has attracted great attention due to its promising advantages over traditional extraction approaches, such as independence of plantation, facile downstream separation, and ease of process and quality control. However, most of the constructed microbial production systems suffer from low production titers, low yields and low productivities, restricting their commercial applications. One important reason of the inefficient production is that the expression conditions and the detailed functions of the flavonoid pathway enzymes are not well understood. In this review, we have collected the biochemical properties, structural details, and genetic information of the enzymes in the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway as a guide for the expression and analysis of these enzymes in microbial systems. Additionally, we have summarized the engineering approaches used in improving the performances of these enzymes in recombinant microorganisms. Major challenges and future directions on the flavonoid pathway are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zha
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xia Wu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, Shaanxi, China
| | - Guoli Gong
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mattheos A G Koffas
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, 12180, NY, USA.,Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Department of Biological Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, 12180, NY, USA
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49
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Xu G, Zha J, Cheng H, Ibrahim MHA, Yang F, Dalton H, Cao R, Zhu Y, Fang J, Chi K, Zheng P, Zhang X, Shi J, Xu Z, Gross RA, Koffas MAG. Engineering Corynebacterium glutamicum for the de novo biosynthesis of tailored poly-γ-glutamic acid. Metab Eng 2019; 56:39-49. [PMID: 31449877 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2019.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
γ-Polyglutamic acid (γ-PGA) is a biodegradable polymer naturally produced by Bacillus spp. that has wide applications. Fermentation of γ-PGA using Bacillus species often requires the supplementation of L-glutamic acid, which greatly increases the overall cost. Here, we report a metabolically engineered Corynebacterium glutamicum capable of producing γ-PGA from glucose. The genes encoding γ-PGA synthase complex from B. subtilis (pgsB, C, and A) or B. licheniformis (capB, C, and A) were expressed under inducible promoter Ptac in a L-glutamic acid producer C. glutamicum ATCC 13032, which led to low levels of γ-PGA production. Subsequently, C. glutamicum F343 with a strong L-glutamic acid production capability was tested. C. glutamicum F343 carrying capBCA produced γ-PGA up to 11.4 g/L, showing a higher titer compared with C. glutamicum F343 expressing pgsBCA. By introducing B. subtilis glutamate racemase gene racE under Ptac promoter mutants with different expression strength, the percentage of L-glutamic acid units in γ-PGA could be adjusted from 97.1% to 36.9%, and stayed constant during the fermentation process, while the γ-PGA titer reached 21.3 g/L under optimal initial glucose concentrations. The molecular weight (Mw) of γ-PGA in the engineered strains ranged from 2000 to 4000 kDa. This work provides a foundation for the development of sustainable and cost-effective de novo production of γ-PGA from glucose with customized ratios of L-glutamic acid in C. glutamicum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqiang Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China; Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, United States; Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Jian Zha
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, United States
| | - Hui Cheng
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China; Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Mohammad H A Ibrahim
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, United States; Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, National Research Centre, Al-Bohoos St., Cairo, 12622, Egypt
| | - Fan Yang
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, United States
| | - Hunter Dalton
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, United States
| | - Rong Cao
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China; Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Yaxin Zhu
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China; Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Jiahua Fang
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China; Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Kaijun Chi
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China; Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Pu Zheng
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Xiaomei Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China; Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutics, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Jinsong Shi
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China; Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutics, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Zhenghong Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China; Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutics, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
| | - Richard A Gross
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, United States; Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, National Research Centre, Al-Bohoos St., Cairo, 12622, Egypt; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA.
| | - Mattheos A G Koffas
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China; Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, United States; Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, National Research Centre, Al-Bohoos St., Cairo, 12622, Egypt; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA.
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Akdemir H, Silva A, Zha J, Zagorevski DV, Koffas MAG. Production of pyranoanthocyanins using Escherichia coli co-cultures. Metab Eng 2019; 55:290-298. [PMID: 31125607 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2019.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Hydroxyphenyl-pyranoanthocyanins are one of the pyranoanthocyanins found in red wines and some fruit juices. Since they have a fourth ring (pyran or ring D) which provides higher color intensity and exceptional stability toward pH variations in comparison to their anthocyanin precursors, these molecules are one of the most important candidates as natural colorants especially for low- and medium-acidic food and beverages. However, their isolation and characterization are difficult due to their very low concentration. In this study, we co-cultured recombinant E. coli strains to synthesize pyranoanthocyanins with improved titers and yields. To accomplish this task, firstly we engineered 4-vinylphenol and 4-vinylcatechol producer modules then we co-cultured each one of these strains with cyanidin-3-O-glucoside producer recombinant cells to obtain pyranocyanidin-3-O-glucoside-phenol (cyanidin-3-O-glucoside with vinylphenol adduct) and pyranocyanidin-3-O-glucoside-catechol (cyanidin-3-O-glucoside with vinylcatechol adduct). By optimizing the co-culture conditions, we were able to significantly increase final titers and yields, allowing our co-culture approach to easily outperform production of pyranoanthocyanins from red wine. Finally, we demonstrate that the produced pyranoanthocyanins are far more stable than the starting plant-produced cyanidin 3-O-glucoside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hulya Akdemir
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA; Faculty of Science, Molecular Biology and Genetics, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey; Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
| | - Adilson Silva
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA; Chemical Engineering Department, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil; Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
| | - Jian Zha
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA; Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
| | - Dmitri V Zagorevski
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
| | - Mattheos A G Koffas
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA; Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA.
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