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Niepmann M. Importance of Michaelis Constants for Cancer Cell Redox Balance and Lactate Secretion-Revisiting the Warburg Effect. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2290. [PMID: 39001354 PMCID: PMC11240417 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16132290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells metabolize a large fraction of glucose to lactate, even under a sufficient oxygen supply. This phenomenon-the "Warburg Effect"-is often regarded as not yet understood. Cancer cells change gene expression to increase the uptake and utilization of glucose for biosynthesis pathways and glycolysis, but they do not adequately up-regulate the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Thereby, an increased glycolytic flux causes an increased production of cytosolic NADH. However, since the corresponding gene expression changes are not neatly fine-tuned in the cancer cells, cytosolic NAD+ must often be regenerated by loading excess electrons onto pyruvate and secreting the resulting lactate, even under sufficient oxygen supply. Interestingly, the Michaelis constants (KM values) of the enzymes at the pyruvate junction are sufficient to explain the priorities for pyruvate utilization in cancer cells: 1. mitochondrial OXPHOS for efficient ATP production, 2. electrons that exceed OXPHOS capacity need to be disposed of and secreted as lactate, and 3. biosynthesis reactions for cancer cell growth. In other words, a number of cytosolic electrons need to take the "emergency exit" from the cell by lactate secretion to maintain the cytosolic redox balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Niepmann
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Justus-Liebig-University, 35392 Giessen, Germany
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2
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Obiako P, Sevcik A, Sayes CM. Rapid enzymatic activity model (REAM) to decipher the toxic action of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 182:114117. [PMID: 37898236 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.114117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have been identified as emerging contaminants and human exposure to these substances is a rising public health concern. We have developed a rapid enzymatic activity model (REAM), which can serve as a cell-free screening tool that elucidates possible mechanisms of toxic action inexpensively and quickly for these and other environmentally relevant chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Precious Obiako
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, TX, 76798, USA
| | - Amanda Sevcik
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, TX, 76798, USA
| | - Christie M Sayes
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, TX, 76798, USA.
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3
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Daverio Z, Kolkman M, Perrier J, Brunet L, Bendridi N, Sanglar C, Berger MA, Panthu B, Rautureau GJP. Warburg-associated acidification represses lactic fermentation independently of lactate, contribution from real-time NMR on cell-free systems. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17733. [PMID: 37853114 PMCID: PMC10584866 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44783-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactate accumulation and acidification in tumours are a cancer hallmark associated with the Warburg effect. Lactic acidosis correlates with cancer malignancy, and the benefit it offers to tumours has been the subject of numerous hypotheses. Strikingly, lactic acidosis enhances cancer cell survival to environmental glucose depletion by repressing high-rate glycolysis and lactic fermentation, and promoting an oxidative metabolism involving reactivated respiration. We used real-time NMR to evaluate how cytosolic lactate accumulation up to 40 mM and acidification up to pH 6.5 individually impact glucose consumption, lactate production and pyruvate evolution in isolated cytosols. We used a reductive cell-free system (CFS) to specifically study cytosolic metabolism independently of other Warburg-regulatory mechanisms found in the cell. We assessed the impact of lactate and acidification on the Warburg metabolism of cancer cytosols, and whether this effect extended to different cytosolic phenotypes of lactic fermentation and cancer. We observed that moderate acidification, independently of lactate concentration, drastically reduces the glucose consumption rate and halts lactate production in different lactic fermentation phenotypes. In parallel, for Warburg-type CFS lactate supplementation induces pyruvate accumulation at control pH, and can maintain a higher cytosolic pyruvate pool at low pH. Altogether, we demonstrate that intracellular acidification accounts for the direct repression of lactic fermentation by the Warburg-associated lactic acidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoé Daverio
- Laboratoire CarMeN, UMR INSERM U1060/INRAE U1397, University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69310, Pierre-Bénite, France
- Master de Biologie, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69342, Lyon Cedex 07, France
| | - Maxime Kolkman
- Laboratoire CarMeN, UMR INSERM U1060/INRAE U1397, University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69310, Pierre-Bénite, France
- Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires, ICBMS UMR 5246, University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69622, Lyon, France
| | - Johan Perrier
- Laboratoire CarMeN, UMR INSERM U1060/INRAE U1397, University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69310, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Lexane Brunet
- Laboratoire CarMeN, UMR INSERM U1060/INRAE U1397, University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69310, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Nadia Bendridi
- Laboratoire CarMeN, UMR INSERM U1060/INRAE U1397, University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69310, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Corinne Sanglar
- Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR5280 CNRS, University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 5 rue de la Doua, 69100, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Marie-Agnès Berger
- Laboratoire CarMeN, UMR INSERM U1060/INRAE U1397, University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69310, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Baptiste Panthu
- Laboratoire CarMeN, UMR INSERM U1060/INRAE U1397, University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69310, Pierre-Bénite, France.
| | - Gilles J P Rautureau
- Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires, ICBMS UMR 5246, University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69622, Lyon, France.
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Vlasiou M, Nicolaidou V, Papaneophytou C. Targeting Lactate Dehydrogenase-B as a Strategy to Fight Cancer: Identification of Potential Inhibitors by In Silico Analysis and In Vitro Screening. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2411. [PMID: 37896171 PMCID: PMC10609963 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15102411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) is an enzyme that catalyzes the reversible conversion of lactate to pyruvate while reducing NAD+ to NADH (or oxidizing NADH to NAD+). Due to its central role in the Warburg effect, LDH-A isoform has been considered a promising target for treating several types of cancer. However, research on inhibitors targeting LDH-B isoform is still limited, despite the enzyme's implication in the development of specific cancer types such as breast and lung cancer. This study aimed to identify small-molecule compounds that specifically inhibit LDH-B. Our in silico analysis identified eight commercially available compounds that may affect LDH-B activity. The best five candidates, namely tucatinib, capmatinib, moxidectin, rifampicin, and acetyldigoxin, were evaluated further in vitro. Our results revealed that two compounds, viz., tucatinib and capmatinib, currently used for treating breast and lung cancer, respectively, could also act as inhibitors of LDH-B. Both compounds inhibited LDH-B activity through an uncompetitive mechanism, as observed in in vitro experiments. Molecular dynamics studies further support these findings. Together, our results suggest that two known drugs currently being used to treat specific cancer types may have a dual effect and target more than one enzyme that facilitates the development of these types of cancers. Furthermore, the results of this study could be used as a new starting point for identifying more potent and specific LDH-B inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manos Vlasiou
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nicosia School of Veterinary Medicine, 2414 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Vicky Nicolaidou
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Life and Health Sciences, University of Nicosia, 2417 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Christos Papaneophytou
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Life and Health Sciences, University of Nicosia, 2417 Nicosia, Cyprus
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5
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A reduced model of cell metabolism to revisit the glycolysis-OXPHOS relationship in the deregulated tumor microenvironment. J Theor Biol 2023; 562:111434. [PMID: 36739944 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2023.111434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells metabolism focuses the interest of the cancer research community. Although this process is intensely studied experimentally, there are very few theoretical models that address this issue. One of the main reasons is the extraordinary complexity of the metabolism that involves numerous interdependent regulatory networks which makes the computational recreation of this complexity illusory. In this study we propose a reduced model of the metabolism which focuses on the interrelation of the three main energy metabolites which are oxygen, glucose and lactate in order to better understand the dynamics of the core system of the glycolysis-OXPHOS relationship. So simple as it is, the model highlights the main rules allowing the cell to dynamically adapt its metabolism to its changing environment. It also makes it possible to address this impact at the tissue scale. The simulations carried out in a spheroid show non-trivial spatial heterogeneity of energy metabolism. It further suggests that the metabolic features that are commonly attributed to cancer cells are not necessarily due to an intrinsic abnormality of the cells. They can emerge spontaneously due to the deregulated over-acidic environment.
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Lin Y, Wang Y, Li PF. Mutual regulation of lactate dehydrogenase and redox robustness. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1038421. [PMID: 36407005 PMCID: PMC9672381 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1038421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The nature of redox is electron transfer; in this way, energy metabolism brings redox stress. Lactate production is associated with NAD regeneration, which is now recognized to play a role in maintaining redox homeostasis. The cellular lactate/pyruvate ratio could be described as a proxy for the cytosolic NADH/NAD ratio, meaning lactate metabolism is the key to redox regulation. Here, we review the role of lactate dehydrogenases in cellular redox regulation, which play the role of the direct regulator of lactate–pyruvate transforming. Lactate dehydrogenases (LDHs) are found in almost all animal tissues; while LDHA catalyzed pyruvate to lactate, LDHB catalyzed the reverse reaction . LDH enzyme activity affects cell oxidative stress with NAD/NADH regulation, especially LDHA recently is also thought as an ROS sensor. We focus on the mutual regulation of LDHA and redox robustness. ROS accumulation regulates the transcription of LDHA. Conversely, diverse post-translational modifications of LDHA, such as phosphorylation and ubiquitination, play important roles in enzyme activity on ROS elimination, emphasizing the potential role of the ROS sensor and regulator of LDHA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijun Lin
- *Correspondence: Yijun Lin, ; Yan Wang, ; Pei-feng Li,
| | - Yan Wang
- *Correspondence: Yijun Lin, ; Yan Wang, ; Pei-feng Li,
| | - Pei-feng Li
- *Correspondence: Yijun Lin, ; Yan Wang, ; Pei-feng Li,
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Herheliuk TS, Perepelytsina OM, Chmelnytska YM, Kuznetsova GM, Dzjubenko NV, Raksha NG, Gorbach OI, Sydorenko MV. Study of Cancer Stem Cell Subpopulations in Breast Cancer Models. CYTOL GENET+ 2022. [DOI: 10.3103/s0095452722040041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Admasu FT, Demissie B, Yitbarek GY, Geto Z, Tesfaw A, Zewde EA, Tilahun A, Walle G, Bekele TT, Habte ML, Feyisa TO, Amare TJ, Alebachew W, Asnakew S, Sisay E, Tiruneh M, Yemata GA, Aytenew TM, Dejenie TA. Evaluation of total oxidative stress and antioxidant capacity of brain tumour patients attending referral hospitals in Addis Ababa, 2020: a comparative cross-sectional study. Ecancermedicalscience 2022; 16:1391. [PMID: 35919224 PMCID: PMC9300404 DOI: 10.3332/ecancer.2022.1391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The exact cause of brain tumours is still unknown, but disruptions of redox balance are thought to play a significant role in all stages of brain tumour development. However, the roles of free radical imbalance at different grades of brain tumour and degree of oxidative stress before and after surgery have not been addressed in prior studies. Aim A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the redox imbalance among confirmed brain tumour patients. Methods and results An institution-based comparative cross-sectional study was conducted on a total of 100 participants (50 brain tumour patients and 50 controls) at referral hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Descriptive statistics, t-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA) (post-hoc) analysis were used and statistical significance was declared at p ≤ 0.05. The serum oxidised glutathione and total oxidative stress were significantly higher in the serum of brain tumour patients (0.72 ± 0.03 μM/μg and 9.66 ± 1.76 μmol H2O2 Eq/L, respectively) compared to the control group (0.21 ± 0.07 μM/μg and 6.59 ± 0.81 μmol H2O2 Eq/L, respectively) (p ≤ 0.05). The serum total oxidant status gradually increased as the tumour grade increased, being higher in grade four (11.96 ± 0.72) and lower in grade one (8.43 ± 1.56), and the mean differences were statistically significant (p ≤ 0 05). A statistically significantly higher total antioxidant capacity (116.78 ± 5.03 Trolox Eq/L) was obtained in the post-surgery than pre-surgery level (79.65 ± 17.914 Trolox Eq/L) (p ≤ 0 05). Conclusion Higher oxidant and lower antioxidant levels were found in the serum of brain tumour patients than in the control group. The post-surgery oxidant level was lower than the pre-surgery state. The findings of this study could suggest that redox imbalance may have a role in the pathophysiology of brain tumours, but further experimental studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fitalew Tadele Admasu
- Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, 272, Ethiopia
| | - Biruk Demissie
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, 272, Ethiopia
| | - Getachew Yideg Yitbarek
- Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, 272, Ethiopia
| | - Zeleke Geto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Wello University, Wello, 1242, Ethiopia
| | - Aragaw Tesfaw
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, 272, Ethiopia
| | - Edget Abebe Zewde
- Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, 272, Ethiopia
| | - Animut Tilahun
- Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, 272, Ethiopia
| | - Gashaw Walle
- Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, 272, Ethiopia
| | - Tigist Tefera Bekele
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences and Medicine, Haramaya University, Harer, 138, Ethiopia
| | - Mezgebu Legesse Habte
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences and Medicine, Haramaya University, Harer, 138, Ethiopia
| | - Teka Obsa Feyisa
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences and Medicine, Haramaya University, Harer, 138, Ethiopia
| | - Tadeg Jemere Amare
- Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, 272, Ethiopia
| | - Wubet Alebachew
- Department of Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, 272, Ethiopia
| | - Sintayehu Asnakew
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, 272, Ethiopia
| | - Ermiyas Sisay
- Department of Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, 272, Ethiopia
| | - Markeshaw Tiruneh
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences and medicine, Gondar University, Gondar, 196, Ethiopia
| | - Getaneh Atikilt Yemata
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, 272, Ethiopia
| | - Tigabu Munye Aytenew
- Department of Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, 272, Ethiopia
| | - Tadesse Asmamaw Dejenie
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences and medicine, Gondar University, Gondar, 196, Ethiopia
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Conversion of Hyperpolarized [1- 13C]Pyruvate in Breast Cancer Cells Depends on Their Malignancy, Metabolic Program and Nutrient Microenvironment. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14071845. [PMID: 35406616 PMCID: PMC8997828 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14071845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperpolarized magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is a technology for characterizing tumors in vivo based on their metabolic activities. The conversion rates (kpl) of hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate to [1-13C]lactate depend on monocarboxylate transporters (MCT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH); these are also indicators of tumor malignancy. An unresolved issue is how glucose and glutamine availability in the tumor microenvironment affects metabolic characteristics of the cancer and how this relates to kpl-values. Two breast cancer cells of different malignancy (MCF-7, MDA-MB-231) were cultured in media containing defined combinations of low glucose (1 mM; 2.5 mM) and glutamine (0.1 mM; 1 mM) and analyzed for pyruvate uptake, intracellular metabolite levels, LDH and pyruvate kinase activities, and 13C6-glucose-derived metabolomics. The results show variability of kpl with the different glucose/glutamine conditions, congruent with glycolytic activity, but not with LDH activity or the Warburg effect; this suggests metabolic compartmentation. Remarkably, kpl-values were almost two-fold higher in MCF-7 than in the more malignant MDA-MB-231 cells, the latter showing a higher flux of 13C-glucose-derived pyruvate to the TCA-cycle metabolites 13C2-citrate and 13C3-malate, i.e., pyruvate decarboxylation and carboxylation, respectively. Thus, MRS with hyperpolarized [1-13C-pyruvate] is sensitive to both the metabolic program and the nutritional state of cancer cells.
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Kooshki L, Mahdavi P, Fakhri S, Akkol EK, Khan H. Targeting lactate metabolism and glycolytic pathways in the tumor microenvironment by natural products: A promising strategy in combating cancer. Biofactors 2022; 48:359-383. [PMID: 34724274 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Anticancer drugs are not purely effective because of their toxicity, side effects, high cost, inaccessibility, and associated resistance. On the other hand, cancer is a complex public health problem that could intelligently adopt different signaling pathways and alter the body's metabolism to escape from the immune system. One of the cancer strategies to metastasize is modifying pH in the tumor microenvironment, ranging between 6.5 and 6.9. As a powerful determiner, lactate is responsible for this acidosis. It is involved in immune stimulation, including innate and adaptive immunity, apoptotic-related factors (Bax/Bcl-2, caspase), and glycolysis pathways (e.g., GLUT-1, PKM2, PFK, HK2, MCT-1, and LDH). Lactate metabolism, in turn, is interconnected with several dysregulated signaling mediators, including PI3K/Akt/mTOR, AMPK, NF-κB, Nrf2, JAK/STAT, and HIF-1α. Because of lactate's emerging and critical role, targeting lactate production and its transporters is important for preventing and managing tumorigenesis. Hence, exploring and developing novel promising anticancer agents to minimize human cancers is urgent. Based on numerous studies, natural secondary metabolites as multi-target alternative compounds with health-promoting properties possess more high effectiveness and low side effects than conventional agents. Besides, the mechanism of multi-targeted natural sources is related to lactate production and cancer-associated cross-talked factors. This review focuses on targeting the lactate metabolism/transporters, and lactate-associated mediators, including glycolytic pathways. Besides, interconnected mediators to lactate metabolism are also targeted by natural products. Accordingly, plant-derived secondary metabolites are introduced as alternative therapies in combating cancer through modulating lactate metabolism and glycolytic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Kooshki
- Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- USERN Office, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Parisa Mahdavi
- Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Sajad Fakhri
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Esra Küpeli Akkol
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
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Manoj KM, Nirusimhan V, Parashar A, Edward J, Gideon DA. Murburn precepts for lactic-acidosis, Cori cycle, and Warburg effect: Interactive dynamics of dehydrogenases, protons, and oxygen. J Cell Physiol 2021; 237:1902-1922. [PMID: 34927737 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
It is unresolved why lactate is transported to the liver for further utilization within the physiological purview of Cori cycle, when muscles have more lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) than liver. We point out that the answer lies in thermodynamics/equilibriums. While the utilization of NADH for the reduction of pyruvate to lactate can be mediated via the classical mechanism, the oxidation of lactate (with/without the uphill reduction of NAD+ ) necessitates alternative physiological approaches. The latter pathway occurs via interactive equilibriums involving the enzyme, protons and oxygen or diffusible reactive oxygen species (DROS). Since liver has high DROS, the murburn activity at LDH would enable the cellular system to tide over the unfavorable energy barriers of the forward reaction (~476 kJ/mol; earlier miscalculated as ~26 kJ/mole). Further, the new mechanism does not necessitate any "smart decision-making" or sophisticated control by/of proteins. The DROS-based murburn theory explains the invariant active-site structure of LDH isozymes and their multimeric nature. The theoretical insights, in silico evidence and analyses of literature herein also enrich our understanding of the underpinnings of "lactic acidosis" (lowering of physiological pH accompanied by lactate production), Warburg effect (increased lactate production at high pO2 by cancer cells) and approach for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelath Murali Manoj
- Department of Biochemistry, Satyamjayatu: The Science & Ethics Foundation, Palakkad, Kerala, India
| | - Vijay Nirusimhan
- Department of Biochemistry, Satyamjayatu: The Science & Ethics Foundation, Palakkad, Kerala, India
| | - Abhinav Parashar
- Department of Biochemistry, Satyamjayatu: The Science & Ethics Foundation, Palakkad, Kerala, India
| | - Jesucastin Edward
- Department of Biochemistry, Satyamjayatu: The Science & Ethics Foundation, Palakkad, Kerala, India
| | - Daniel Andrew Gideon
- Department of Biochemistry, Satyamjayatu: The Science & Ethics Foundation, Palakkad, Kerala, India
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Saeed B, Baban R, Al-Nasiri U. Lactate dehydrogenase C4 (LDH-C4) is essential for the sperm count and motility: A case-control study. BAGHDAD JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND APPLIED BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.47419/bjbabs.v2i03.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The lactate dehydrogenase C4 (LDH-C4) isoenzyme is an important enzyme involved in metabolic processes that are needed for spermatogenesis and sperm motility.
Objectives: This study aims to assess the activity and kinetic parameters (maximum velocity, Vmax and Michaelis constant, Km) of LDH-C4 in fertile and infertile (azoospermia and oligospermia) men in Baghdad City, Iraq.
Methods: A total of 120 participants (80 infertile and 40 healthy fertile men) were included in the current study. The patients were sub-grouped into: 40 infertile men with oligospermia, and 40 infertile men with azoospermia. The oligospermia patients were further subdivided into subgroups based on sperm count and motility. Semen samples were obtained by masturbation after 3-5 days abstain for seminal fluid analysis. The microscopic test included the assessment of the count, motility and morphology of the sperms. In addition, the coulometric assay was used for measuring the activity and kinetic parameters of LDH-C4 enzyme.
Results: The activity of LDH-C4 is significantly higher in fertile men when compared with infertile subjects (fertile: 403.13±189.90, oligospermia: 110.01±58.13, azoospermia: 39.06±28.15; p≤0.01). Statistically significant differences in LDH-C4 activity were also noted among patients with oligospermia based on sperms count and motility. Based on sperms’ count in patients with oligospermia, a significantly higher LDH-C4 activity (p≤0.01) was noted in those with higher sperm count (10-15 million/ml) when compared to others who have lesser count. Significant elevation in enzyme activity (p≤0.01) was also observed in oligospermia patients with higher percentages of motile sperms when compared with others who have fewer percentages of motile sperms. Moreover, the highest Vmax value (0.483 mmol/L.min) and the lowest Km value (0.39 mmol/L) were recorded in fertile men. While, the lowest Vmax value (0.174 mmol/L.min) and the lowest Km value (0.75 mmol/L) were detected in azoospermia patients.
Conclusions: Our results suggest that LDH-C4 is essential for the count and motility of sperm and may be considered as a therapeutic approach for infertility.
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Lactate Metabolism in Breast Cancer Microenvironment: Contribution Focused on Associated Adipose Tissue and Obesity. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249676. [PMID: 33353120 PMCID: PMC7766866 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming that favors high glycolytic flux with lactate production in normoxia is among cancer hallmarks. Lactate is an essential oncometabolite regulating cellular redox homeostasis, energy substrate partitioning, and intracellular signaling. Moreover, malignant phenotype's chief characteristics are dependent on the interaction between cancer cells and their microenvironment. In breast cancer, mammary adipocytes represent an essential cellular component of the tumor milieu. We analyzed lactate concentration, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, and isozyme pattern, and LDHA/LDHB protein expression and tissue localization in paired biopsies of breast cancer tissue and cancer-associated adipose tissue in normal-weight and overweight/obese premenopausal women, compared to benign breast tumor tissue and adipose tissue in normal-weight and overweight/obese premenopausal women. We show that higher lactate concentration in cancer tissue is concomitant with a shift in isozyme pattern towards the "muscle-type" LDH and corresponding LDHA and LDHB protein expression changes. In contrast, significantly higher LDH activity in cancer-associated adipose tissue seems to be directed towards lactate oxidation. Moreover, localization patterns of LDH isoforms varied substantially across different areas of breast cancer tissue. Invasive front of the tumor showed cell-specific protein localization of LDHA in breast cancer cells and LDHB in cancer-associated adipocytes. The results suggest a specific, lactate-centric relationship between cancer tissue and cancer-associated adipose tissue and indicate how cancer-adipose tissue cross-talk may be influenced by obesity in premenopausal women.
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Abstract
Lactate, perhaps the best-known metabolic waste product, was first isolated from sour milk, in which it is produced by lactobacilli. Whereas microbes also generate other fermentation products, such as ethanol or acetone, lactate dominates in mammals. Lactate production increases when the demand for ATP and oxygen exceeds supply, as occurs during intense exercise and ischaemia. The build-up of lactate in stressed muscle and ischaemic tissues has established lactate's reputation as a deleterious waste product. In this Perspective, we summarize emerging evidence that, in mammals, lactate also serves as a major circulating carbohydrate fuel. By providing mammalian cells with both a convenient source and sink for three-carbon compounds, circulating lactate enables the uncoupling of carbohydrate-driven mitochondrial energy generation from glycolysis. Lactate and pyruvate together serve as a circulating redox buffer that equilibrates the NADH/NAD ratio across cells and tissues. This reconceptualization of lactate as a fuel-analogous to how Hans Christian Andersen's ugly duckling is actually a beautiful swan-has the potential to reshape the field of energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua D Rabinowitz
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.
| | - Sven Enerbäck
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Chiral Pyridine-3,5-bis- (L-phenylalaninyl-L-leucinyl) Schiff Base Peptides as Potential Anticancer Agents: Design, Synthesis, and Molecular Docking Studies Targeting Lactate Dehydrogenase-A. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25051096. [PMID: 32121469 PMCID: PMC7179198 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25051096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of branched tetrapeptide Schiff bases 3–6 were designed and synthesized from corresponding tetrapeptide hydrazide 2 as a starting material.In vitroevaluation of the synthesized compounds 4–6 against breast MCF-7 carcinoma cells identified their excellent anticancer potency, with IC50 ranging from 8.12 ± 0.14 to 17.55 ± 0.27 μM in comparison with the references, cisplatin and milaplatin (IC50= 13.34 ± 0.11and 18.43 ± 0.13 μM, respectively). Furthermore, all derivatives demonstrated promising activity upon evaluation of theirin vitroandin vivosuppression of p53 ubiquitination and inhibition assessment for LDHA kinase. Finally, molecular docking studies were performed to predict the possible binding features of the potent derivatives within the ATP pocket of LDHA in an attempt to get a lead for developing a more potent LDHA inhibitor with anti-proliferative potency.
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16
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Tang P, Xu J, Louey A, Tan Z, Yongky A, Liang S, Li ZJ, Weng Y, Liu S. Kinetic modeling of Chinese hamster ovary cell culture: factors and principles. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2020; 40:265-281. [DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2019.1711015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peifeng Tang
- Department of Paper and Bioprocess Engineering, SUNY-ESF, Syracuse, NY, USA
- Global Product Development and Supply, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Devens, MA, USA
| | - Jianlin Xu
- Global Product Development and Supply, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Devens, MA, USA
| | - Alastair Louey
- Elpiscience Biopharma, Cayman Islands George Town, Grand Cayman, UK
| | - Zhijun Tan
- Global Product Development and Supply, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Devens, MA, USA
| | - Andrew Yongky
- Global Product Development and Supply, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Devens, MA, USA
| | - Shaoyan Liang
- Department of Molecular Biophysics & Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Zheng Jian Li
- Global Product Development and Supply, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Devens, MA, USA
| | - Yongyan Weng
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Shijie Liu
- Department of Paper and Bioprocess Engineering, SUNY-ESF, Syracuse, NY, USA
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Cheng A, Zhang P, Wang B, Yang D, Duan X, Jiang Y, Xu T, Jiang Y, Shi J, Ding C, Wu G, Sang Z, Wu Q, Wang H, Wu M, Zhang Z, Pan X, Pan YY, Gao P, Zhang H, Zhou CZ, Guo J, Yang Z. Aurora-A mediated phosphorylation of LDHB promotes glycolysis and tumor progression by relieving the substrate-inhibition effect. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5566. [PMID: 31804482 PMCID: PMC6895051 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13485-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Overexpressed Aurora-A kinase promotes tumor growth through various pathways, but whether Aurora-A is also involved in metabolic reprogramming-mediated cancer progression remains unknown. Here, we report that Aurora-A directly interacts with and phosphorylates lactate dehydrogenase B (LDHB), a subunit of the tetrameric enzyme LDH that catalyzes the interconversion between pyruvate and lactate. Aurora-A-mediated phosphorylation of LDHB serine 162 significantly increases its activity in reducing pyruvate to lactate, which efficiently promotes NAD+ regeneration, glycolytic flux, lactate production and bio-synthesis with glycolytic intermediates. Mechanistically, LDHB serine 162 phosphorylation relieves its substrate inhibition effect by pyruvate, resulting in remarkable elevation in the conversions of pyruvate and NADH to lactate and NAD+. Blocking S162 phosphorylation by expression of a LDHB-S162A mutant inhibited glycolysis and tumor growth in cancer cells and xenograft models. This study uncovers a function of Aurora-A in glycolytic modulation and a mechanism through which LDHB directly contributes to the Warburg effect. Aurora-A kinase is frequently over-expressed in tumours. Here, the authors show that it modulates the activity of lactate dehydrogenase B, resulting in enhanced glycolysis, bio-synthesis and tumour growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aoxing Cheng
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, First Affiliated Hospital, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, First Affiliated Hospital, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Bo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Dongdong Yang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, First Affiliated Hospital, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaotao Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Yongliang Jiang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, First Affiliated Hospital, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Tian Xu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, First Affiliated Hospital, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Ya Jiang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, First Affiliated Hospital, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Jiahui Shi
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, First Affiliated Hospital, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Chengtao Ding
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, First Affiliated Hospital, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Gao Wu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, First Affiliated Hospital, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Zhihong Sang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Wu
- Department of Pathology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Mian Wu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, First Affiliated Hospital, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Zhiyong Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, First Affiliated Hospital, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Xin Pan
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing, China
| | - Yue-Yin Pan
- Department of Medical Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Ping Gao
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, First Affiliated Hospital, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Huafeng Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, First Affiliated Hospital, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Cong-Zhao Zhou
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, First Affiliated Hospital, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Jing Guo
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, First Affiliated Hospital, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
| | - Zhenye Yang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, First Affiliated Hospital, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
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Shindo Y, Hazama S, Tsunedomi R, Suzuki N, Nagano H. Novel Biomarkers for Personalized Cancer Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11091223. [PMID: 31443339 PMCID: PMC6770350 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11091223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy has emerged as a novel and effective treatment strategy for several types of cancer. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have recently demonstrated impressive clinical benefit in some advanced cancers. Nonetheless, in the majority of patients, the successful use of ICIs is limited by a low response rate, high treatment cost, and treatment-related toxicity. Therefore, it is necessary to identify predictive and prognostic biomarkers to select the patients who are most likely to benefit from, and respond well to, these therapies. In this review, we summarize the evidence for candidate biomarkers of response to cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitaro Shindo
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube 755-8505, Japan
| | - Shoichi Hazama
- Department of Translational Research and Developmental Therapeutics against Cancer, Yamaguchi University Faculty of Medicine, Ube 755-8505, Japan
| | - Ryouichi Tsunedomi
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube 755-8505, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Suzuki
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube 755-8505, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Nagano
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube 755-8505, Japan.
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Masukagami Y, Tivendale KA, Browning GF, Sansom FM. Analysis of the Mycoplasma bovis lactate dehydrogenase reveals typical enzymatic activity despite the presence of an atypical catalytic site motif. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2019; 164:186-193. [PMID: 29393016 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.000600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) of Mycoplasma genitalium has been predicted to also act as a malate dehydrogenase (MDH), but there has been no experimental validation of this hypothesized dual function for any mollicute. Our analysis of the metabolite profile of Mycoplasma bovis using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) detected malate, suggesting that there may be MDH activity in M. bovis. To investigate whether the putative l-LDH enzyme of M. bovis has a dual function (MDH and LDH), we performed bioinformatic and functional biochemical analyses. Although the amino acid sequence and predicted structural analysis of M. bovisl-LDH revealed unusual residues within the catalytic site, suggesting that it may have the flexibility to possess a dual function, our biochemical studies using recombinant M. bovis -LDH did not detect any MDH activity. However, we did show that the enzyme has typical LDH activity that could be inhibited by both MDH substrates oxaloacetate (OAA) and malate, suggesting that these substrates may be able to bind to M. bovis LDH. Inhibition of the conversion of pyruvate to lactate by OAA may be one method the mycoplasma cell uses to reduce the potential for accumulation of intracellular lactate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumiko Masukagami
- Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Kelly Anne Tivendale
- Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Glenn Francis Browning
- Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Fiona Margaret Sansom
- Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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Wang H, Lu J, Kulkarni S, Zhang W, Gorka JE, Mandel JA, Goetzman ES, Prochownik EV. Metabolic and oncogenic adaptations to pyruvate dehydrogenase inactivation in fibroblasts. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:5466-5486. [PMID: 30755479 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.005200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic cell metabolism consists of processes that generate available energy, such as glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation (Oxphos), and those that consume it, including macromolecular synthesis, the maintenance of ionic gradients, and cellular detoxification. By converting pyruvate to acetyl-CoA (AcCoA), the pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complex (PDC) links glycolysis and the TCA cycle. Surprisingly, disrupting the connection between glycolysis and the TCA cycle by inactivation of PDC has only minor effects on cell replication. However, the molecular basis for this metabolic re-equilibration is unclear. We report here that CRISPR/Cas9-generated PDH-knockout (PDH-KO) rat fibroblasts reprogrammed their metabolism and their response to short-term c-Myc (Myc) oncoprotein overexpression. PDH-KO cells replicated normally but produced surprisingly little lactate. They also exhibited higher rates of glycolysis and Oxphos. In addition, PDH-KO cells showed altered cytoplasmic and mitochondrial pH, redox states, and mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨM). Conditionally activated Myc expression affected some of these parameters in a PDH-dependent manner. PDH-KO cells had increased oxygen consumption rates in response to glutamate, but not to malate, and were depleted in all TCA cycle substrates between α-ketoglutarate and malate despite high rates of glutaminolysis, as determined by flux studies with isotopically labeled glutamine. Malate and pyruvate were diverted to produce aspartate, thereby potentially explaining the failure to accumulate lactate. We conclude that PDH-KO cells maintain proliferative capacity by utilizing glutamine to supply high rates of AcCoA-independent flux through the bottom portion of the TCA cycle while accumulating pyruvate and aspartate that rescue their redox defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huabo Wang
- From the Section of Hematology/Oncology and
| | - Jie Lu
- From the Section of Hematology/Oncology and
| | | | | | | | | | - Eric S Goetzman
- Division of Medical Genetics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224
| | - Edward V Prochownik
- From the Section of Hematology/Oncology and .,the Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219, and.,the The Hillman Cancer Center of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15232
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21
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Childers CL, Storey KB. Purification and characterization of a urea sensitive lactate dehydrogenase from skeletal muscle of the African clawed frog, Xenopus laevis. J Comp Physiol B 2019; 189:271-281. [PMID: 30631901 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-018-1200-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The African clawed frog, Xenopus laevis endures whole body dehydration which can increase its reliance on anaerobic glycolysis for energy production. This makes the regulation of the terminal enzyme of glycolysis, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), crucial to stress survival. We investigated the enzymatic properties and posttranslational modification state of purified LDH from the skeletal muscle of control and dehydrated (30% total body water loss) X. laevis. LDH from the muscle of dehydrated frogs showed a 93% reduction in phosphorylation on threonine residues and an 80% reduction of protein nitrosylation. LDH from dehydrated muscle also showed a 74% lower Vmax in the pyruvate oxidizing direction and a 78% decrease in Vmax in the lactate reducing direction along with a 33% lower Km for pyruvate and a 40% higher Km for lactate. In the presence of higher levels of urea and molecular crowding by polyethylene glycol, used to mimic conditions in the cells of dehydrated animals, the Km values of control and dehydrated LDH demonstrated opposite responses. In the pyruvate oxidizing direction, control muscle LDH was unaffected by these additives, whereas the affinity for pyruvate dropped further for LDH from dehydrated muscle. The opposite effect was more pronounced in the lactate reducing direction as control LDH showed an increased affinity for lactate, whereas LDH from dehydrated animals showed a further reduction in affinity. The physiological consequences of dehydration-induced LDH regulation appear to poise the enzyme towards lactate production when urea levels are high and lactate catabolism when urea levels are low, perhaps helping to maintain glycolysis under dehydrating conditions whilst providing for the ability to recycle lactate upon rehydration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine L Childers
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Kenneth B Storey
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada.
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Mishra C, Khalid MA, Fatima N, Singh B, Tripathi D, Waseem M, Mahdi AA. Effects of citral on oxidative stress and hepatic key enzymes of glucose metabolism in streptozotocin/high-fat-diet induced diabetic dyslipidemic rats. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2019; 22:49-57. [PMID: 30944708 PMCID: PMC6437455 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2018.26889.6574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Phytochemicals such as polyphenols, alkaloids, and terpenoids, protect against the development of early stages and complications of diabetes mellitus according to various reports. The aim of this study was to measure the anti-dyslipidemic and anti-diabetic effects of Citral on high-fat-diet (HFD) and streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic dyslipidemic rats and to see also its effect on carbohydrate metabolic regulatory enzymes in the liver. MATERIALS AND METHODS Rats were kept on a high-fat diet for 2 weeks, then diabetes was induced by a single dose of STZ (35 mg/kg/BW, intraperitoneally), Citral was administered orally at a dose of 45 mg/kg/BW for 28 days to diabetic rats. Blood glucose, plasma insulin, and lipid profile in blood were studied. Antioxidant activities were assayed in the liver, pancreas, and adipose tissues. Carbohydrate metabolic enzymes of the liver were also studied in diabetic dyslipidemic rats. RESULTS The results of this study confirmed that administration of Citral significantly (P<0.05) decreased the blood glucose level and increased plasma insulin in diabetic rats. Citral also improved oxidative markers along with anti-oxidative enzymes of the liver, adipose tissue, and pancreas in the HFD/STZ group. Citral also regulated the activity of the glucose-metabolic enzymes in the liver. The results of the present study were compared to Glibenclamide, which is a standard oral drug for lowering the blood sugar. CONCLUSION Results may show that Citral possesses anti-dyslipidemic activity as well as anti-diabetic activity and also regulates the enzyme activity of glycolytic and gluconeogenic processes in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chetna Mishra
- Department of Biochemistry, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow-226003, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Department of Environmental Science, Integral University, Lucknow-226021, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Monowar Alam Khalid
- Department of Environmental Science, Integral University, Lucknow-226021, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Nazmin Fatima
- Department of Biochemistry, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow-226003, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Babita Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow-226003, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Dinesh Tripathi
- Department of Physiology, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow- 226003, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mohammad Waseem
- Department of Biochemistry, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow-226003, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Abbas Ali Mahdi
- Department of Biochemistry, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow-226003, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Altamimi AMS, Alafeefy AM, Balode A, Vozny I, Pustenko A, El Shikh ME, Alasmary FAS, Abdel-Gawad SA, Žalubovskis R. Symmetric molecules with 1,4-triazole moieties as potent inhibitors of tumour-associated lactate dehydrogenase-A. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2018; 33:147-150. [PMID: 29199484 PMCID: PMC6009863 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2017.1404593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of symmetric molecules incorporating aryl or pyridyl moieties as central core and 1,4-substituted triazoles as a side bridge was synthesised. The new compounds were investigated as lactate dehydro-genase (LDH, EC 1.1.1.27) inhibitors. The cancer associated LDHA isoform was inhibited with IC50 = 117-174 µM. Seven compounds exhibited better LDHA inhibition (IC50 117-136 µM) compared to known LDH inhibitor - galloflavin (IC50 157 µM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul-Malek S. Altamimi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M. Alafeefy
- Department of Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Science, International Islamic University Malaysia
| | - Agnese Balode
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia
- Institute of Technology of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Igor Vozny
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia
| | - Aleksandrs Pustenko
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia
- Institute of Technology of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Mohey Eldin El Shikh
- Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Fatmah A. S. Alasmary
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia, Riyadh
| | - Sherif A. Abdel-Gawad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Di Carlo C, Brandi J, Cecconi D. Pancreatic cancer stem cells: Perspectives on potential therapeutic approaches of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. World J Stem Cells 2018; 10:172-182. [PMID: 30631392 PMCID: PMC6325076 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v10.i11.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is one of the most aggressive solid tumours of the pancreas, characterised by a five-year survival rate less than 8%. Recent reports that pancreatic cancer stem cells (PCSCs) contribute to the tumorigenesis, progression, and chemoresistance of pancreatic cancer have prompted the investigation of new therapeutic approaches able to directly target PCSCs. In the present paper the non-cancer related drugs that have been proposed to target CSCs that could potentially combat pancreatic cancer are reviewed and evaluated. The role of some pathways and deregulated proteins in PCSCs as new therapeutic targets are also discussed with a focus on selected specific inhibitors. Finally, advances in the development of nanoparticles for targeting PCSCs and site-specific drug delivery are highlighted, and their limitations considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Di Carlo
- Department of Biotechnology, Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, University of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy
| | - Jessica Brandi
- Department of Biotechnology, Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, University of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy.
| | - Daniela Cecconi
- Department of Biotechnology, Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, University of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy
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25
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Nadeem MS, Al-Ghamdi MA, Khan JA, Sadath S, Al-Malki A. Recombinant production and biochemical and in silico characterization of lactate dehydrogenase from Geobacillus thermodenitrificans DSM-465. ELECTRON J BIOTECHN 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejbt.2018.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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Blood and Tissue Enzymatic Activities of GDH and LDH, Index of Glutathione, and Oxidative Stress among Breast Cancer Patients Attending Referral Hospitals of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Hospital-Based Comparative Cross-Sectional Study. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:6039453. [PMID: 29770168 PMCID: PMC5892235 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6039453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The exact cause of breast cancer is unknown; it is a multifactorial disease. It is the most diagnosed and the second killer cancer among women. Breast cancer can be originated from tissues of breast or secondary from other organs via metastasis. Generally, cancer cells show aberrant metabolism and oxidative stress when compared to noncancerous tissues of breast cancer patients. The current study aims at evaluating glutamate and glucose metabolism through GDH and LDH enzyme activities, oxidant, and antioxidative status among breast cancer patients attending referral hospitals of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Result. Catalytic activities of glutamate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase, and oxidative stress index were significantly increased in both serum (4.2 mU/ml, 78.6 mU/ml, and 3.3 : 1, resp.) and cancerous tissues (1.4 mU/ml, 111.7 mU/ml, and 2.15 : 1, resp.) of breast cancer patients as compared to those in serum of control group (3.15 mU/ml, 30.4 mU/ml, and 2.05 : 1, resp.) and noncancerous tissues of breast cancer patients (0.92 mU/ml, 70.5 mU/ml, and 1.1 : 1, resp.) (P ≤ 0.05). Correspondingly, ratios of reduced to oxidized glutathione were significantly decreased in both serum (20 : 1) and cancerous tissues (23.5 : 1) of breast cancer patients when compared to those in serum of control group (104.5 : 1) and noncancerous tissues of breast cancer patients (70.9 : 1) (P ≤ 0.05). Conclusion. Catalytic activities of GDH and LDH, ratios of GSH to GSSG, and concentration of TOS among breast cancer patients were significantly higher than were those among control group and noncancerous tissues of breast cancer patients, while TAC of breast cancer patients is significantly lower than that of control group and normal tissues of breast cancer patients.
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Atak A, Khurana S, Gollapalli K, Reddy PJ, Levy R, Ben-Salmon S, Hollander D, Donyo M, Heit A, Hotz-Wagenblatt A, Biran H, Sharan R, Rane S, Shelar A, Ast G, Srivastava S. Quantitative mass spectrometry analysis reveals a panel of nine proteins as diagnostic markers for colon adenocarcinomas. Oncotarget 2018; 9:13530-13544. [PMID: 29568375 PMCID: PMC5862596 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenocarcinomas are cancers originating from the gland forming cells of the colon and rectal lining, and are known to be the most common type of colorectal cancers. The current diagnosis strategies for colorectal cancers include biopsy, laboratory tests, and colonoscopy which are time consuming. Identification of protein biomarkers could aid in the detection of colon adenocarcinomas (CACs). In this study, tissue proteome of colon adenocarcinomas (n = 11) was compared with the matched control specimens (n = 11) using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) based liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) approach. A list of 285 significantly altered proteins was identified in colon adenocarcinomas as compared to its matched controls, which are associated with growth and malignancy of the tumors. Protein interaction analysis revealed the association of altered proteins in colon adenocarcinomas with various transcription factors and their targets. A panel of nine proteins was validated using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM). Additionally, S100A9 was also validated using immunoblotting. The identified panel of proteins may serve as potential biomarkers and thereby aid in the detection of colon adenocarcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apurva Atak
- Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Samiksha Khurana
- Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Kishore Gollapalli
- Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Panga Jaipal Reddy
- Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Roei Levy
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Medical School, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Stav Ben-Salmon
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Medical School, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Dror Hollander
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Medical School, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Maya Donyo
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Medical School, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Anke Heit
- Bioinformatics Group, Genomics and Proteomics Core Facility (GPCF), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Agnes Hotz-Wagenblatt
- Bioinformatics Group, Genomics and Proteomics Core Facility (GPCF), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Hadas Biran
- Blavatnik School of Computer Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Roded Sharan
- Blavatnik School of Computer Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Shailendra Rane
- Shimadzu Analytical (India) Pvt. Ltd, 1A/B, Rushabh Chambers, Makwana Road, Marol, Andheri (E), Mumbai 400059, India
| | - Ashutosh Shelar
- Shimadzu Analytical (India) Pvt. Ltd, 1A/B, Rushabh Chambers, Makwana Road, Marol, Andheri (E), Mumbai 400059, India
| | - Gil Ast
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Medical School, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Sanjeeva Srivastava
- Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
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Gavya SL, Arora N, Ghosh SS. Retention of functional characteristics of glutathione-S-transferase and lactate dehydrogenase-A in fusion protein. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2018; 48:128-135. [PMID: 29194006 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2017.1405022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A paradigm shift toward fusion proteins to render multiple functionalities and applications on a single platform has been incurred in enzyme based diagnosis. Herein, we report development and systematic characterizations of glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and human lactate dehydrogenase A (hLDHA) in a fusion protein (GST-hLDHA) to achieve functional activities of GST and hLDHA simultaneously. The GST-pGEX-4T-2 vector system was used for cloning and purification of hLDHA, utilizing the affinity based interaction between GST and GSH in column chromatography. Bacterially purified protein was subjected to the Western blot analysis and structural analysis by circular dichroism spectroscopy, which revealed intact structural framework of the fusion construct. Kinetic characterization of the fusion GST-hLDHA protein toward GSH and NADH, suggested retention of functional activities of GST and hLDHA in fused protein as indicated by the kinetic parameters km and kcat/km. Further analysis of effect of temperature and pH on GST-hLDHA activity revealed maximum activity around human physiological conditions (37°C and pH 8). Preservation of the structural and functional characteristics of the fusion enzyme paves the way for potential application for the detection of NADH and GSH in conjunction as biomarkers for cancer diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lalitha Gavya
- a Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering , Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati , Guwahati , Assam , India
| | - Neha Arora
- a Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering , Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati , Guwahati , Assam , India
| | - Siddhartha Sankar Ghosh
- a Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering , Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati , Guwahati , Assam , India.,b Centre for Nanotechnology , Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati , Guwahati , Assam , India
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Mansouri S, Shahriari A, Kalantar H, Moini Zanjani T, Haghi Karamallah M. Role of malate dehydrogenase in facilitating lactate dehydrogenase to support the glycolysis pathway in tumors. Biomed Rep 2017; 6:463-467. [PMID: 28413646 DOI: 10.3892/br.2017.873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
High aerobic glycolysis, as one of the hallmarks of cancer cells, requires nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) as a vital co-factor, to guarantee the flow of glycolysis. Malate dehydrogenase (MDH), as an important enzyme in cancer metabolism, is a source of NAD+ additional to lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). The current study aimed to elucidate the kinetic parameters of MDH in human breast cancer and evaluate its supportive role in the glycolysis pathway. The Michaelis-Menten constant (Km) and maximum velocity (Vmax) of MDH were determined in the crude extracts of human breast tumors and healthy tissue samples, which were obtained directly from the operating theatre. To assess the potential role of MDH in supporting glycolysis, the MDH activity was measured when the LDH activity was inhibited by different concentrations of oxamate, an inhibitor of LDH in breast cancer cell lines. The Km of cancerous MDH (C-MDH) was the same as the healthy MDH, although the Vmax of C-MDH was higher relative to the healthy MDH. Notably, the MDH activity was increased in the MDA-MB-231 cell line, which was treated with the LDH inhibitor (oxamate), but not in the MCF-7 cell line (P<0.05). The higher tendency of C-MDH for NAD+ and malate generation in cancer cells is an effective approach for supporting glycolysis. Increasing MDH activity in the absence of LDH demonstrates the supportive role of MDH in glycolysis. Therefore, decreasing MDH activity and expression in a forward reaction may present as a valid molecular target to abolish its potential effect on tumor metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siavash Mansouri
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Khuzestan 61357-83151, Iran.,Department of Internal Medicine II, Saarland University Medical Center, D-66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Ali Shahriari
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Khuzestan 61357-83151, Iran
| | - Hadi Kalantar
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Khuzestan 61357-33184, Iran
| | - Taraneh Moini Zanjani
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19857-17443, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Haghi Karamallah
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, International Campus, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd 89151-73143, Iran
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Tang P, Xu J, Oliveira CL, Li ZJ, Liu S. A mechanistic kinetic description of lactate dehydrogenase elucidating cancer diagnosis and inhibitor evaluation. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2017; 32:564-571. [PMID: 28114833 PMCID: PMC6010104 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2016.1275606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
As a key enzyme for glycolysis, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) remains as a topic of great interest in cancer study. Though a number of kinetic models have been applied to describe the dynamic behavior of LDH, few can reflect its actual mechanism, making it difficult to explain the observed substrate and competitor inhibitions at wide concentration ranges. A novel mechanistic kinetic model is developed based on the enzymatic processes and the interactive properties of LDH. Better kinetic simulation as well as new enzyme interactivity information and kinetic properties extracted from published articles via the novel model was presented. Case studies were presented to a comprehensive understanding of the effect of temperature, substrate, and inhibitor on LDH kinetic activities for promising application in cancer diagnosis, inhibitor evaluation, and adequate drug dosage prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peifeng Tang
- a Department of Paper and Bioprocess Engineering , SUNY ESF , Syracuse , NY , USA.,b Biologics Process Development, Global Manufacturing and Supply , Bristol-Myers Squibb Company , Devens , MA , USA
| | - Jianlin Xu
- b Biologics Process Development, Global Manufacturing and Supply , Bristol-Myers Squibb Company , Devens , MA , USA
| | - Christopher L Oliveira
- b Biologics Process Development, Global Manufacturing and Supply , Bristol-Myers Squibb Company , Devens , MA , USA
| | - Zheng Jian Li
- b Biologics Process Development, Global Manufacturing and Supply , Bristol-Myers Squibb Company , Devens , MA , USA
| | - Shijie Liu
- a Department of Paper and Bioprocess Engineering , SUNY ESF , Syracuse , NY , USA
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Liu F, Fitzgerald MC. Large-Scale Analysis of Breast Cancer-Related Conformational Changes in Proteins Using Limited Proteolysis. J Proteome Res 2016; 15:4666-4674. [PMID: 27794609 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.6b00755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Conformational changes in proteins can lead to disease. Thus, methods for identifying conformational changes in proteins can further improve our understanding and facilitate detection of disease states. Here we combine limited proteolysis (LiP) with Stable Isotope Labeling with Amino Acids in Cell Culture (SILAC) to characterize breast cancer-related conformational changes in proteins on the proteomic scale. Studied here are the conformational properties of proteins in two cell culture models of breast cancer, including the MCF-10A and MCF-7 cell lines. The SILAC-LiP approach described here identified ∼200 proteins with cell-line-dependent conformational changes, as determined by their differential susceptibility to proteolytic digestion using the nonspecific protease, proteinase K. The protease susceptibility profiles of the proteins in these cell lines were compared to thermodynamic stability and expression level profiles previously generated for proteins in these same breast cancer cell lines. The comparisons revealed that there was little overlap between the proteins with protease susceptibility changes and the proteins with thermodynamic stability and/or expression level changes. Thus, the large-scale conformational analysis described here provides unique insight into the molecular basis of the breast cancer phenotypes in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University , Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Michael C Fitzgerald
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University , Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
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Moreno-Sánchez R, Marín-Hernández Á, Del Mazo-Monsalvo I, Saavedra E, Rodríguez-Enríquez S. Assessment of the low inhibitory specificity of oxamate, aminooxyacetate and dichloroacetate on cancer energy metabolism. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2016; 1861:3221-3236. [PMID: 27538376 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exceedingly high therapeutic/experimental doses of metabolic drugs such as oxamate, aminooxyacetate (AOA) and dichloroacetate (DCA) are required to diminish growth, glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) of different cancer cells. To identify the mechanisms of action of these drugs on cancer energy metabolism, a systematic analysis of their specificities was undertaken. METHODS Hepatocarcinoma AS-30D cells were treated with the inhibitors and glycolysis and OxPhos enzyme activities, metabolites and fluxes were analyzed. Kinetic modeling of glycolysis was used to identify the regulatory mechanisms. RESULTS Oxamate (i) not only inhibited LDH, but also PYK and ENO activities inducing an increase in the cytosolic NAD(P)H, Fru1,6BP and DHAP levels in AS-30D cells; (ii) it slightly inhibited HPI, ALD and Glc6PDH; and (iii) it inhibited pyruvate-driven OxPhos in isolated heart mitochondria. AOA (i) strongly inhibited both AAT and AlaT, and 2-OGDH and glutamate-driven OxPhos; and (ii) moderately affected GAPDH and TPI. DCA slightly affected pyruvate-driven OxPhos and Glc6PDH. Kinetic modeling of cancer glycolysis revealed that oxamate inhibition of LDH, PYK and ENO was insufficient to achieve glycolysis flux inhibition. To do so, HK, HPI, TPI and GAPDH have to be also inhibited by the accumulated Fru1,6BP and DHAP induced by oxamate. CONCLUSION Oxamate, AOA, and DCA are not specific drugs since they inhibit several enzymes/transporters of the glycolytic and OxPhos pathways through direct interaction or indirect mechanisms. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE These data explain why oxamate or AOA, through their multisite inhibitory actions on glycolysis or OxPhos, may be able to decrease the proliferation of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Moreno-Sánchez
- Instituto Nacional de Cardiología, Departamento de Bioquímica, Tlalpan D.F. 14080, Mexico.
| | - Álvaro Marín-Hernández
- Instituto Nacional de Cardiología, Departamento de Bioquímica, Tlalpan D.F. 14080, Mexico
| | - Isis Del Mazo-Monsalvo
- Instituto Nacional de Cardiología, Departamento de Bioquímica, Tlalpan D.F. 14080, Mexico
| | - Emma Saavedra
- Instituto Nacional de Cardiología, Departamento de Bioquímica, Tlalpan D.F. 14080, Mexico
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Liu X, Wang X, Tong J. Radon-induced alterations in p53-mediated energy metabolism of malignantly transformed human bronchial epithelial cells. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2016; 79:436-441. [PMID: 27267826 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2016.1176629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Radon and its progeny were confirmed to be a category I carcinogenic agent. However, the molecular basis underlying carcinogenesis induced by radon has not been fully elucidated. Expression of p53, a key regulator in glycolysis, is known to be decreased in carcinogenesis. The aim of this investigation was to determine changes in energy metabolism mediated by p53-related metabolic pathway using radon-induced transformation of human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells. HBE cells were exposed to radon for 20 min at a concentration of 20,000 Bq/m(3) and cultured for 3 d, and exposed again at the same concentration and duration. This was repeated 10 times with culture for 35 passages until malignant transformation occurred. During the culturing process, the levels of lactate and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and ratio of NAD(+)/NADH gradually increased between passages. Between passages 30 and 35, p53 target gene synthesis of cytochrome c oxidase 2 (SCO2), TP53-induced glycolysis, and apoptosis regulator (TIGAR) expression were significantly decreased. Data demonstrated that p53-associated metabolic pathways may be altered in radon-mediated malignant transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Liu
- a Department of Toxicology , School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University , No.199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou , China
| | - Xu Wang
- a Department of Toxicology , School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University , No.199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou , China
| | - Jian Tong
- a Department of Toxicology , School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University , No.199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou , China
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Time depended Bcl-2 inhibition might be useful for a targeted drug therapy. Cancer Cell Int 2015; 15:105. [PMID: 26535028 PMCID: PMC4630962 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-015-0254-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Over expression of Bcl-2 is frequently observed in several types of cancers and it is one of the prognostic markers in breast cancer. The importance of the Bcl-2 protein as ideal therapeutic target is the dual role of inhibiting apoptosis and autophagy-mediated cell death. Thus, the bcl-2 targeting may be a strategy of choice to improve treatment efficacy and overcome drug resistance to cancer chemotherapy. For this reason, we designed the siRNA mediated silencing of the Bcl-2 gene in the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line. Objectives The purpose of this research was to investigate the effective Bcl-2 gene silencing by our homemade siRNA, more than previous study. Our data demonstrated that specific inhibition of the Bcl-2 by siRNA induces approximately more than 90 % gene silencing. Methods MCF-7 Cell lines were treated by homemade Bcl-2siRNA for the first time and control siRNA that was transfected with nanoparticle. The cells harvested at 24, 48 and 72 h and transcription level of Bcl-2 was examined by Real Time -PCR analysis. The drug sensitivity was detected by using LDH assay test. Finally Anexin V-FITC test was performed for evaluation of apoptosis. Results In the present study, results showed that targeting the specific sequence of the Bcl-2 by our homemade siRNA in the MCF7 cell line and its effect was more obvious in 24 h in contrast to 48 and 72 h. Conclusions However, we showed here a time dependent blocking of the bcl-2 transcript that might lead to cell dead due autophagy, and not necessarily to apoptosis.
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