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Mulder RH, Kraaij R, Schuurmans IK, Frances-Cuesta C, Sanz Y, Medina-Gomez C, Duijts L, Rivadeneira F, Tiemeier H, Jaddoe VWV, Felix JF, Cecil CAM. Early-life stress and the gut microbiome: A comprehensive population-based investigation. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 118:117-127. [PMID: 38402916 PMCID: PMC7615798 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Early-life stress (ELS) has been robustly associated with a range of poor mental and physical health outcomes. Recent studies implicate the gut microbiome in stress-related mental, cardio-metabolic and immune health problems, but research on humans is scarce and thus far often based on small, selected samples, often using retrospective reports of ELS. We examined associations between ELS and the human gut microbiome in a large, population-based study of children. ELS was measured prospectively from birth to 10 years of age in 2,004 children from the Generation R Study. We studied overall ELS, as well as unique effects of five different ELS domains, including life events, contextual risk, parental risk, interpersonal risk, and direct victimization. Stool microbiome was assessed using 16S rRNA sequencing at age 10 years and data were analyzed at multiple levels (i.e. α- and β-diversity indices, individual genera and predicted functional pathways). In addition, we explored potential mediators of ELS-microbiome associations, including diet at age 8 and body mass index at 10 years. While no associations were observed between overall ELS (composite score of five domains) and the microbiome after multiple testing correction, contextual risk - a specific ELS domain related to socio-economic stress, including risk factors such as financial difficulties and low maternal education - was significantly associated with microbiome variability. This ELS domain was associated with lower α-diversity, with β-diversity, and with predicted functional pathways involved, amongst others, in tryptophan biosynthesis. These associations were in part mediated by overall diet quality, a pro-inflammatory diet, fiber intake, and body mass index (BMI). These results suggest that stress related to socio-economic adversity - but not overall early life stress - is associated with a less diverse microbiome in the general population, and that this association may in part be explained by poorer diet and higher BMI. Future research is needed to test causality and to establish whether modifiable factors such as diet could be used to mitigate the negative effects of socio-economic adversity on the microbiome and related health consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa H Mulder
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Robert Kraaij
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Isabel K Schuurmans
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Carlos Frances-Cuesta
- Microbiome, Nutrition & Health Research Unit. Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence, National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain.
| | - Yolanda Sanz
- Microbiome, Nutrition & Health Research Unit. Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence, National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain.
| | - Carolina Medina-Gomez
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Liesbeth Duijts
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neonatal and Pediatric Intensive Care, Division of Neonatology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Fernando Rivadeneira
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Henning Tiemeier
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Vincent W V Jaddoe
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Janine F Felix
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Charlotte A M Cecil
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
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2
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Oliveira ML, Biggers A, Oddo VM, Yanez B, Booms E, Sharp L, Naylor K, Wolf PG, Tussing-Humphreys L. A Perspective Review on Diet Quality, Excess Adiposity, and Chronic Psychosocial Stress and Implications for Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer. J Nutr 2024; 154:1069-1079. [PMID: 38453027 PMCID: PMC11007745 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer worldwide. Although the overall incidence of CRC has been decreasing over the past 40 y, early-onset colorectal cancer (EOCRC), which is defined as a CRC diagnosis in patients aged >50 y has increased. In this Perspective, we highlight and summarize the association between diet quality and excess adiposity, and EOCRC. We also explore chronic psychosocial stress (CPS), a less investigated modifiable risk factor, and EOCRC. We were able to show that a poor-quality diet, characterized by a high intake of sugary beverages and a Western diet pattern (high intake of red and processed meats, refined grains, and foods with added sugars) can promote risk factors associated with EOCRC development, such as an imbalance in the composition and function of the gut microbiome, presence of chronic inflammation, and insulin resistance. Excess adiposity, particularly obesity onset in early adulthood, is a likely contributor of EOCRC. Although the research is sparse examining CPS and CRC/EOCRC, we describe likely pathways linking CPS to tumorigenesis. Although additional research is needed to understand what factors are driving the uptick in EOCRC, managing body weight, improving diet quality, and mitigating psychosocial stress, may play an important role in reducing an individual's risk of EOCRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoela Lima Oliveira
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States.
| | - Alana Biggers
- College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Vanessa M Oddo
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Betina Yanez
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Emily Booms
- Department of Biology, Northeastern Illinois University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Lisa Sharp
- Institute for Health Research and Policy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Keith Naylor
- College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Patricia G Wolf
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Lisa Tussing-Humphreys
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
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3
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Booker JM, Cabeza de Baca T, Treviño-Alvarez AM, Stinson EJ, Votruba SB, Chang DC, Engel SG, Krakoff J, Gluck ME. Dietary Adherence Is Associated with Perceived Stress, Anhedonia, and Food Insecurity Independent of Adiposity. Nutrients 2024; 16:526. [PMID: 38398850 PMCID: PMC10892668 DOI: 10.3390/nu16040526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
We examined whether perceived stress, anhedonia, and food insecurity were associated with dietary adherence during a 6-week intervention. Sixty participants (23 m; 53 ± 14 y) completed psychosocial measures and were provided with full meals. Individuals with obesity were randomized to a weight-maintaining energy needs (WMENs) (n = 18; BMI 33 ± 4) or a 35% calorie-reduced diet (n = 19; BMI 38 ± 9); normal-weight individuals (n = 23; BMI 23 ± 2) were assigned to a WMENs diet. Adherence scores were determined via weekly assessments and daily ecological momentary assessments (EMAs) of real-time behavior in a natural environment. Perceived stress and anhedonia were associated with % body fat (all r-values > 0.25, all p-values < 0.05), but food insecurity and adherence were not. Higher perceived stress (r = -0.31, p = 0.02), anhedonia (r = -0.34, p = 0.01), and food insecurity (r = -0.27, p = 0.04) were associated with lower adherence scores, even after adjusting for age, sex, and % body fat. In all adjusted models, % body fat was not associated with adherence. Higher measures of stress, anhedonia, and food insecurity predicted lower adherence independently of body fat, indicating that psychosocial factors are important targets for successful adherence to dietary interventions, regardless of body size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jetaun M. Booker
- Obesity and Diabetes Clinical Research Section, Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ 85016, USA; (J.M.B.); (A.M.T.-A.); (E.J.S.); (S.B.V.); (D.C.C.); (J.K.); (M.E.G.)
| | - Tomás Cabeza de Baca
- Obesity and Diabetes Clinical Research Section, Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ 85016, USA; (J.M.B.); (A.M.T.-A.); (E.J.S.); (S.B.V.); (D.C.C.); (J.K.); (M.E.G.)
| | - Andrés M. Treviño-Alvarez
- Obesity and Diabetes Clinical Research Section, Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ 85016, USA; (J.M.B.); (A.M.T.-A.); (E.J.S.); (S.B.V.); (D.C.C.); (J.K.); (M.E.G.)
| | - Emma J. Stinson
- Obesity and Diabetes Clinical Research Section, Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ 85016, USA; (J.M.B.); (A.M.T.-A.); (E.J.S.); (S.B.V.); (D.C.C.); (J.K.); (M.E.G.)
| | - Susanne B. Votruba
- Obesity and Diabetes Clinical Research Section, Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ 85016, USA; (J.M.B.); (A.M.T.-A.); (E.J.S.); (S.B.V.); (D.C.C.); (J.K.); (M.E.G.)
| | - Douglas C. Chang
- Obesity and Diabetes Clinical Research Section, Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ 85016, USA; (J.M.B.); (A.M.T.-A.); (E.J.S.); (S.B.V.); (D.C.C.); (J.K.); (M.E.G.)
| | | | - Jonathan Krakoff
- Obesity and Diabetes Clinical Research Section, Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ 85016, USA; (J.M.B.); (A.M.T.-A.); (E.J.S.); (S.B.V.); (D.C.C.); (J.K.); (M.E.G.)
| | - Marci E. Gluck
- Obesity and Diabetes Clinical Research Section, Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ 85016, USA; (J.M.B.); (A.M.T.-A.); (E.J.S.); (S.B.V.); (D.C.C.); (J.K.); (M.E.G.)
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Kim MJ, Park JE, Park JH. Associations of Healthy Eating Behavior with Mental Health and Health-Related Quality of Life: Results from the Korean National Representative Survey. Nutrients 2023; 15:5111. [PMID: 38140370 PMCID: PMC10746005 DOI: 10.3390/nu15245111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Healthy eating behaviors may be related to mental health and health-related quality of life. This study investigates the associations between diet quality, mental health, and health-related quality of life among men and women in Korea. METHODS A total of 6823 participants, aged 19, from the 7th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2016 to 2018 were included. Their overall diet quality was estimated using the Korean Healthy Eating Index (KHEI). Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify the associations between diet quality, mental health, and quality of life. RESULTS The prevalence of stress perception and depression was highest in the lowest tertile of the KHEI score and higher for women than men. Among men, a significant association was observed only for stress perception and depressive symptoms in the second tertile, with odds ratios of 0.745 (95% CI, 0.585-0.949) and 0.519 (95% CI, 0.275-0.980). In contrast, the multivariate-adjusted odds ratios for stress perception, depressive symptoms, and low EQ-5D index among women in the highest tertile were 0.668 (95% CI, 0.541-0.823), 0.464 (95% CI, 0.288-0.746), and 0.722 (95% CI, 0.566-0.920), and significant dose-response associations were observed. CONCLUSIONS A higher-quality diet was associated with a lower risk of stress and depression and a better quality of life. Thus, healthy eating behaviors may improve mental health and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Ju Kim
- Department of Biomedical Convergence, Chungbuk National University Graduate School, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea;
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Department of Chronic Disease Convergence, Korea National Institute of Health, Cheongju 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Eun Park
- Institute of Health & Science Convergence, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jong Hyock Park
- Institute of Health & Science Convergence, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea;
- College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
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5
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Russell A, Filec S, Serper M, Opsasnick L, Batio S, O'Conor RM, Curtis L, Kwasny M, Benavente JY, Wismer G, Bonham M, Zheng P, Lovett R, Arvanitis M, Ladner DP, McCaffery K, Linder JA, Bailey SC, Wolf MS. Impact of COVID-19 on the capacity to self-manage health and chronic conditions. PEC INNOVATION 2023; 2:100163. [PMID: 37197693 PMCID: PMC10167781 DOI: 10.1016/j.pecinn.2023.100163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Objective To investigate well-being, lifestyle behaviors, self-management capacity and healthcare utilization among adults with chronic conditions at the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods Data was collected from two interviewer-administered telephone surveys conducted between March 27 - May 22, 2020. Participants were patients at Chicago-area clinics. Self-report and validated measures were used for study-related outcomes. Results A total of 553 participants (age range 23-88) completed data collection at both timepoints. One in five (20.7%) participants experienced stress due to the coronavirus most or all the time and rates of negative well-being were high (WHO-5 Index mean = 58.7%). Almost a quarter (22.3%) engaged in hazardous drinking and 79.7% reported insufficient physical activity. Nearly one in four participants (23.7%) avoided seeking medical care due to worry about COVID-19. In multivariable analyses, greater COVID-19 related stress was associated with less physical activity, lower self-efficacy, greater difficulty managing health and medications, and delays in seeking medical care due to the coronavirus. Conclusions Mental well-being, lifestyle behaviors, self-management capacity, and healthcare utilization were impacted in the months following the COVID outbreak. Innovation These findings suggest health systems should implement proactive measures for detecting and treating emotional and behavioral COVID-related concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Russell
- Center for Applied Health Research on Aging, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 750 N Lake Shore Dr., 10th Floor, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Sarah Filec
- Center for Applied Health Research on Aging, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 750 N Lake Shore Dr., 10th Floor, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Marina Serper
- Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Lauren Opsasnick
- Center for Applied Health Research on Aging, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 750 N Lake Shore Dr., 10th Floor, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Stephanie Batio
- Center for Applied Health Research on Aging, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 750 N Lake Shore Dr., 10th Floor, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Rachel M. O'Conor
- Center for Applied Health Research on Aging, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 750 N Lake Shore Dr., 10th Floor, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Laura Curtis
- Center for Applied Health Research on Aging, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 750 N Lake Shore Dr., 10th Floor, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Mary Kwasny
- Center for Applied Health Research on Aging, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 750 N Lake Shore Dr., 10th Floor, Chicago, IL, United States of America
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Julia Yoshino Benavente
- Center for Applied Health Research on Aging, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 750 N Lake Shore Dr., 10th Floor, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Guisselle Wismer
- Center for Applied Health Research on Aging, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 750 N Lake Shore Dr., 10th Floor, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Morgan Bonham
- Center for Applied Health Research on Aging, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 750 N Lake Shore Dr., 10th Floor, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Pauline Zheng
- Center for Applied Health Research on Aging, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 750 N Lake Shore Dr., 10th Floor, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Rebecca Lovett
- Center for Applied Health Research on Aging, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 750 N Lake Shore Dr., 10th Floor, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Marina Arvanitis
- Center for Applied Health Research on Aging, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 750 N Lake Shore Dr., 10th Floor, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Daniela P. Ladner
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | | | - Jeffrey A. Linder
- Center for Applied Health Research on Aging, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 750 N Lake Shore Dr., 10th Floor, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Stacy Cooper Bailey
- Center for Applied Health Research on Aging, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 750 N Lake Shore Dr., 10th Floor, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Michael S. Wolf
- Center for Applied Health Research on Aging, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 750 N Lake Shore Dr., 10th Floor, Chicago, IL, United States of America
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Shenkman R, Diewald L, Murray MB, Oliver TL. Unveiling Lived Experiences: Exploring the Health and Lifestyle Effects of COVID-19 on Healthcare Workers. Nutrients 2023; 15:4857. [PMID: 38068716 PMCID: PMC10708279 DOI: 10.3390/nu15234857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic brought about significant life disruptions among healthcare workers (HCWs), including changes in weight, eating habits, and physical activity. This qualitative study sought to evaluate the initial and longitudinal effects of health habits among HCWs throughout the pandemic. Data were collected through Qualtrics surveys at three points over a 2-year period with questions asking participants (n = 234) to describe whether they experienced changes in weight, eating behaviors, and physical activity and why they believe these changes occurred. The open-ended responses were analyzed following the summative content analysis approach. Four key themes emerged: (1) problematic eating patterns and habits, (2) disruptions in physical activity, (3) alterations in work environment and schedule, and (4) declines in mental health. Respondent reflections highlight the immediate and long-term pandemic-related effects on weight status for some, attributed to alterations in routines and health habits. Other HCWs reported a "reset" or indicated their habits may have been initially disrupted but normalized or improved over the 2-year time span. Findings underscore the need for strategies that support the physical and mental health of healthcare workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Shenkman
- MacDonald Center for Nutrition Education and Research, M. Louise Fitzpatrick College of Nursing, Villanova University, Villanova, PA 19085, USA;
| | - Lisa Diewald
- MacDonald Center for Nutrition Education and Research, M. Louise Fitzpatrick College of Nursing, Villanova University, Villanova, PA 19085, USA;
| | - Mary Beth Murray
- M. Louise Fitzpatrick College of Nursing, Villanova University, Villanova, PA 19085, USA; (M.B.M.); (T.L.O.)
| | - Tracy L. Oliver
- M. Louise Fitzpatrick College of Nursing, Villanova University, Villanova, PA 19085, USA; (M.B.M.); (T.L.O.)
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Mäkelä SM, Griffin SM, Reimari J, Evans KC, Hibberd AA, Yeung N, Ibarra A, Junnila J, Turunen J, Beboso R, Chhokar B, Dinan TG, Cryan J, Patterson E. Efficacy and safety of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei Lpc-37® in students facing examination stress: A randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial (the ChillEx study). Brain Behav Immun Health 2023; 32:100673. [PMID: 37662485 PMCID: PMC10474370 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2023.100673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Lacticaseibacillus paracasei Lpc-37 (Lpc-37) has previously shown to reduce perceived stress in healthy adults. The ChillEx study investigated whether Lpc-37 reduces stress in a model of chronic examination stress in healthy students. One hundred ninety university students (18-40 y) were randomized to take 1.56 × 1010 colony-forming units of Lpc-37 or placebo (1:1) each day for 10 weeks, in a triple-blind, parallel, multicenter clinical trial consisting of six visits: two screening visits, a baseline visit, and visits at 4, 8, and 10 weeks after baseline. The primary objective was to demonstrate that Lpc-37 reduces stress, as measured by the change in state anxiety from baseline to just before the first examination, after 8 weeks using the State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-state). Secondary objectives aimed to demonstrate that Lpc-37 modulates psychological stress-induced symptoms and biomarkers related to mood and sleep. An exploratory analysis of fecal microbiota composition was also conducted. There was no difference between Lpc-37 and placebo groups in the change of STAI-state score (estimate 1.03; 95% confidence interval [CI]: -1.62, 3.67; p = 0.446). None of the secondary outcomes resulted in significant results when corrected for multiplicity, but exploratory results were notable. Results showed an improvement in sleep-disturbance scores (odds ratio 0.30; 95% CI: 0.11, 0.82; p = 0.020) and reduction in duration of sleep (odds ratio 3.52; 95% CI: 1.46, 8.54; p = 0.005) on the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index questionnaire after 8 weeks in the Lpc-37 group compared to placebo. A reduction in Bond Lader VAS-alertness was also demonstrated in the Lpc-37 group compared to placebo (estimate -3.97; 95% CI: -7.78, -0.15; p = 0.042) just prior to the examination. Analysis of fecal microbiota found no differences between study groups for alpha and beta diversity or microbiota abundance. Adverse events were similar between groups. Vital signs, safety-related laboratory measures, and gastrointestinal parameters were stable during the trial. In conclusion, probiotic Lpc-37 was safe but had no effect on stress, mood, or anxiety in healthy university students in this model of chronic academic stress. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04125810.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ronnie Beboso
- MeDiNova North London Dedicated Research Center, London, UK
| | - Balgit Chhokar
- MeDiNova East London Dedicated Research Center, London, UK
| | | | - John Cryan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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8
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Deer LK, Su C, Thwaites NA, Davis EP, Doom JR. A framework for testing pathways from prenatal stress-responsive hormones to cardiovascular disease risk. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1111474. [PMID: 37223037 PMCID: PMC10200937 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1111474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of death globally, with the prevalence projected to keep rising. Risk factors for adult CVD emerge at least as early as the prenatal period. Alterations in stress-responsive hormones in the prenatal period are hypothesized to contribute to CVD in adulthood, but little is known about relations between prenatal stress-responsive hormones and early precursors of CVD, such as cardiometabolic risk and health behaviors. The current review presents a theoretical model of the relation between prenatal stress-responsive hormones and adult CVD through cardiometabolic risk markers (e.g., rapid catch-up growth, high BMI/adiposity, high blood pressure, and altered blood glucose, lipids, and metabolic hormones) and health behaviors (e.g., substance use, poor sleep, poor diet and eating behaviors, and low physical activity levels). Emerging evidence in human and non-human animal literatures suggest that altered stress-responsive hormones during gestation predict higher cardiometabolic risk and poorer health behaviors in offspring. This review additionally highlights limitations of the current literature (e.g., lack of racial/ethnic diversity, lack of examination of sex differences), and discusses future directions for this promising area of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- LillyBelle K. Deer
- Department of Psychology, University of Denver, Denver, CO, United States
| | - Chen Su
- Department of Psychology, University of Denver, Denver, CO, United States
| | | | - Elysia Poggi Davis
- Department of Psychology, University of Denver, Denver, CO, United States
- Department of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Jenalee R. Doom
- Department of Psychology, University of Denver, Denver, CO, United States
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Peng S, Li H, Xu L, Chen J, Cai S. Burden or empowerment? A double-edged sword model of the efficacy of parental involvement in the academic performance of chinese adolescents. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2023:1-12. [PMID: 37359575 PMCID: PMC10091312 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-023-04589-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
It has been traditionally thought that children can obtain resources that promote their academic performance through their parents' involvement. However, in reality, parents' involvement in their children's education may threaten children with an excessive academic burden. This study argues that parental involvement is both empowering and burdensome for children and proposes a model in which parental involvement is a double-edged sword. The model entails two paths, one in which learning constitutes a burden and another in which learning leads to empowerment. Based on a survey of 647 adolescents, a structural equation model is used to test this hypothesis. The results suggest that parental involvement can negatively impact academic performance because children feel more stressed as a result of the increase in academic expectations; parental involvement also has a positively impact on academic performance because of an increase in children's engagement in learning. The above results provide some practical guidance for parents' involvement in their children's education. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12144-023-04589-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Peng
- School of Education, Jianghan University, Wuhan Economic & Technological Development Zone, No. 8, Sanjiaohu Rd, Hubei, 430056 China
| | - Hongjie Li
- School of Education, Jianghan University, Wuhan Economic & Technological Development Zone, No. 8, Sanjiaohu Rd, Hubei, 430056 China
| | - Lei Xu
- School of Education, Jianghan University, Wuhan Economic & Technological Development Zone, No. 8, Sanjiaohu Rd, Hubei, 430056 China
| | - Jiwen Chen
- School of Education, Jianghan University, Wuhan Economic & Technological Development Zone, No. 8, Sanjiaohu Rd, Hubei, 430056 China
| | - Shuangshuang Cai
- School of Education, Jianghan University, Wuhan Economic & Technological Development Zone, No. 8, Sanjiaohu Rd, Hubei, 430056 China
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10
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Bautista T, Fogelman N, Lartigue S, Silverman WK, Jastreboff AM, Sinha R. Association between specific types of parent stressors and fast-food consumption among parents and children. Eat Behav 2023; 49:101724. [PMID: 37054487 PMCID: PMC10247538 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2023.101724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although stress has been associated with eating behaviors, such as overeating and eating less healthy foods, the relationships between specific types of parent stressors and fast-food consumption in parents and young children have not been well studied. We hypothesized that parent perceived stress, parenting stress, and household chaos would be positively associated with fast-food consumption for parents and their young children. METHODS Parents of 2-5 year olds and with Body Mass Index >27 kg/m2 (N = 234, parent mean age: 34.3 (±5.7); child age: 44.9 (±13.8) months; 65.8 % from two parent households) completed surveys on parent perceived stress, parenting stress, household chaos, and their fast-food intake and that of their child. RESULTS In separate regression models, controlling for covariates, parent perceived stress (β = 0.21, p < 0.01; R2 = 0.10, p < 0.01), parenting stress (β = 0.26, p < 0.01; R2 = 0.13, p < 0.01), and household chaos (β = 0.25, p < 0.01; R2 = 0.12, p < 0.01) were each significantly associated with parent fast-food consumption, and separately with child fast-food consumption [Parent perceived stress (β = 0.05, p = 0.02; R2 = 0.14, p < 0.01); parenting stress (β = 0.14, p = 0.03; R2 = 0.14, p < 0.01); parent fast-food consumption (β = 0.40, p < 0.01; R2 = 0.27, p < 0.01)]. However, combined final models showed parenting stress (p < 0.01) as the only significant predictor of parent fast-food consumption, which in turn was the only significant predictor of child fast-food consumption (p < 0.01). DISCUSSION The findings support the inclusion of parenting stress interventions that target fast-food eating behaviors in parents, which may in turn, reduce fast-food intake in their young children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara Bautista
- Psychological Science, Northern Arizona University, United States of America
| | - Nia Fogelman
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, United States of America
| | | | - Wendy K Silverman
- Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, United States of America
| | - Ania M Jastreboff
- Department of Pediatrics (Pediatric Endocrinology), Yale University School of Medicine, United States of America; Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Yale University School of Medicine, United States of America
| | - Rajita Sinha
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, United States of America.
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11
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Santos Barros V, Alves de Araújo W, Vinicius Santos de Jesus M, de Oliveira Damaceno T, Montargil Rocha R, Dumêt Fernandes J, Souza Rosa R, Santana Cardoso Santos I. Estrés percibido en mujeres con síndrome metabólico: un estudio transversal. REVISTA CUIDARTE 2023. [DOI: 10.15649/cuidarte.2634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Introducción: El estrés percibido ha sido sugerido como un factor de riesgo para el desarrollo del Síndrome Metabólico (SM). Sin embargo, poco se sabe sobre esta asociación entre las mujeres. Objetivo: evaluar el estrés percibido en mujeres con Síndrome Metabólico (SM). Materiales y Métodos: estudio transversal, basado en un ensayo clínico no aleatorizado, con pacientes de un centro de salud pública (RBR-43K52N). La variable resultada fue SM, utilizando los criterios NCEP/ATPIII. Se recogieron datos sociodemográficos, antropométricos, bioquímicos, hemodinámicos y aplicación de PSS. Resultados: La muestra estuvo compuesta por 75 mujeres afectadas por SMet (47,69± 8,15 años; 155,65±0,07 cm; 82,43±17,79 kg; IMC de 33,96±6,42). Se encontraron valores altos de WHR entre mujeres estresadas y no estresadas. La puntuación media de PSS fue de 27,73±9,17. En los grupos, hubo una diferencia significativa para PSS entre mujeres estresadas y no estresadas (35,24±5,22 y 20,42±5,53, respectivamente; p=0,001). También se observó que las mujeres estresadas tenían niveles más altos de triglicéridos y niveles más bajos de HDL-c en comparación con las mujeres no estresadas, aunque sin diferencia estadística. Discusiones: Los hallazgos sugieren que las mujeres categorizadas como estresadas tenían puntajes PSS más altos, niveles más altos de triglicéridos y niveles más bajos de HDL-c en comparación con mujeres no estresadas. Conclusiones: la puntuación de PSS fue significativamente mayor entre las mujeres con parámetros lipídicos de SM alterados, con niveles de HDL más bajos y triglicéridos elevados.
Como citar este artículo: Barros, Vinicius Santos; de Araújo, Wilkslam Alves; de Jesus, Marcos Vinicius Santos; Damaceno, Taynnan de Oliveira; Rocha, Roseanne Montargil; Fernandes, Josicélia Dumêt; Rosa, Randson Souza; Santos, Isleide Santana Cardoso. Estresse percebido em mulheres com síndrome metabólica: um estudo transversal. Revista Cuidarte. 2023;14(1):e2634. http://dx.doi.org/10.15649/cuidarte.2634
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12
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Alreshidi SM, Rayani AM, Alhumaid AF. Diet Quality as a Mediator in the Relationship Between Perceived Stress and Depression Among Family Caregivers of Patients with Chronic Illness in Saudi Arabia. Int J Psychiatry Med 2023:912174231162749. [PMID: 36871959 DOI: 10.1177/00912174231162749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this research was to investigate the correlation between caregivers' perceived stress and depression and examine the mediating role of quality of diet on this relationship. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was performed in Medical City from January to August 2022 in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Utilizing the Stress Scale, Anxiety and Depression, the Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile-II questionnaire, and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, researchers assessed levels of perceived stress, diet quality, and depression. The bootstrap approach and the SPSS PROCESS macro were used to assess the importance of the mediation effect. The target population was family caregivers of patients with chronic illness at Medical City in Saudi Arabia. The researcher conveniently sampled 127 patients, with 119 responding, a response rate of 93.7%. A significant correlation between depression and perceived stress was observed (β = 0.438, p < 0.001). Diet quality mediated the relationship between depression and perceived stress (β = -0.187, p = 0.018). The importance of the indirect effect of perceived stress through diet quality was supported by the outcomes of the non-parametric bootstrapping method (95% bootstrap CI = 0.010, 0.080). The findings revealed that the indirect influence of diet quality explained 15.8% of the overall variation in depression. CONCLUSIONS These findings help clarify the mediating effects of diet quality on the relationship between perceived stress and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salman M Alreshidi
- College of Nursing, 37850University of King Saud, Riyadh City, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad M Rayani
- College of Nursing, 37850University of King Saud, Riyadh City, Saudi Arabia
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13
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Lin TT, Park C, Kapella MC, Martyn-Nemeth P, Tussing-Humphreys L, Rospenda KM, Zenk SN. Shift Work Domains and their Interactions with Empty Calorie Food/Beverage Consumption: A 14-day Intensive Longitudinal Study. Int J Nurs Stud 2023; 141:104490. [PMID: 37004340 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2023.104490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Shift work has been linked to unhealthy eating behaviors such as imbalanced diet, or increased empty calorie food/beverage consumption. However, most research has focused on the impact of shift timing. The concept of shift work is complex, and it contains several domains such as shift timing, intensity, and speed. Previous studies have suggested that greater shift intensity and quicker shift speed may contribute to adverse health effects. However, evidence regarding associations between other domains of shift work and empty calorie food/beverage consumption has been relatively lacking. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate how other shift work domains related to empty calorie food/beverage consumption and whether different shift work domains interacted to influence the intake of foods or beverages. DESIGN A 14-day intensive longitudinal study employing ecological momentary assessment. SETTINGS AND PARTICIPANTS Eighty registered nurses working in 24 accredited Taiwanese hospitals (i.e., 9 medical centers, 12 regional hospitals, and 3 district hospitals) were recruited. METHODS During the study period, a convenience sample of 77 participants completed 2444 momentary surveys about empty calorie food/beverage consumption on a smartphone. Three shift work domains (shift timing, intensity, and speed) were evaluated based on registry-based work schedules. To study how these shift work domains influenced empty calorie food/beverage consumption, we employed three-level mixed-effects regression models for data analyses. RESULTS Findings suggested that greater night shift intensity increased the likelihood of sugar-sweetened beverage intake (odds ratio = 1.64, 95% confidence interval [1.01, 2.68]). The impacts of work shift intensity and shift timing on sugar-sweetened beverage consumption varied by shift speed. Among participants assigned a schedule with either medium or rapid shift speed, higher work shift intensity was associated with a higher probability of sugar-sweetened beverage consumption. Compared to day shifts, those who were assigned a quicker shift speed on evening shifts were more likely to consume sugar-sweetened beverages. However, associations between night shift intensity and sugar-sweetened beverage intake did not change by shift speed. Furthermore, shift intensity and shift timing did not interact to affect empty calorie food/beverage consumption. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated assignments of shift schedules (i.e., high night shift intensity, more changes in shift timings) might influence workers' consumption of empty calorie foods/beverages. Therefore, identifying and mitigating hazardous shift schedules may help to improve shift workers' eating behaviors and benefit their overall health.
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14
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Berding K, Bastiaanssen TFS, Moloney GM, Boscaini S, Strain CR, Anesi A, Long-Smith C, Mattivi F, Stanton C, Clarke G, Dinan TG, Cryan JF. Feed your microbes to deal with stress: a psychobiotic diet impacts microbial stability and perceived stress in a healthy adult population. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:601-610. [PMID: 36289300 PMCID: PMC9908549 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01817-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The impact of diet on the microbiota composition and the role of diet in supporting optimal mental health have received much attention in the last decade. However, whether whole dietary approaches can exert psychobiotic effects is largely understudied. Thus, we investigated the influence of a psychobiotic diet (high in prebiotic and fermented foods) on the microbial profile and function as well as on mental health outcomes in a healthy human population. Forty-five adults were randomized into either a psychobiotic (n = 24) or control (n = 21) diet for 4 weeks. Fecal microbiota composition and function was characterized using shotgun sequencing. Stress, overall health and diet were assessed using validated questionnaires. Metabolic profiling of plasma, urine and fecal samples was performed. Intervention with a psychobiotic diet resulted in reductions of perceived stress (32% in diet vs. 17% in control group), but not between groups. Similarly, biological marker of stress were not affected. Additionally, higher adherence to the diet resulted in stronger decreases in perceived stress. While the dietary intervention elicited only subtle changes in microbial composition and function, significant changes in the level of 40 specific fecal lipids and urinary tryptophan metabolites were observed. Lastly, microbial volatility was linked to greater changes in perceived stress scores in those on the psychobiotic diet. These results highlight that dietary approaches can be used to reduce perceived stress in a human cohort. Using microbiota-targeted diets to positively modulate gut-brain communication holds possibilities for the reduction of stress and stress-associated disorders, but additional research is warranted to investigate underlying mechanisms, including the role of the microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gerard M Moloney
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland.,Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Conall R Strain
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland.,Teagsac Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, County Cork, Ireland
| | - Andrea Anesi
- Unit of Metabolomics, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | | | - Fulvio Mattivi
- Unit of Metabolomics, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy.,Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Catherine Stanton
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland.,Teagsac Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, County Cork, Ireland.,Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Gerard Clarke
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland.,Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Timothy G Dinan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland.,Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - John F Cryan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland. .,Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
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15
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Changes in Precarious Employment and Health in the United States Amidst the COVID-19 Pandemic. Prev Med Rep 2023; 31:102113. [PMID: 36688136 PMCID: PMC9841738 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2023.102113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the association between changes in employment precarity and changes in health amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. We conducted an online survey of 623 U.S. adults at-risk for cardiovascular disease, which queried respondents on employment, food insecurity, and blood pressure measurements in the Fall of 2020 and retrospectively, in February 2020. Respondents were also queried on perceived stress in the Fall of 2020. We created a multidimensional precarious employment score (PES) using 13 survey indicators, that operationalized the following dimensions of employment precarity (PES range: 0-13): material rewards, working time arrangements, employment stability, workers' rights, collective organization, interpersonal relations, and training opportunities. Using adjusted linear regression models, we investigated the association between a change in the PES and 1) change in systolic blood pressure, 2) change in pulse pressure, 3) change in food insecurity, and 4) perceived stress. Models controlled for race/ethnicity, age, gender, and education. Results indicated that employment precarity was 13 % higher between February and Fall 2020, particularly among women and non-Hispanic Black respondents. A change in the PES was associated with a change in food insecurity ( β : 0.02; 95 % CI:0.01, 0.03) and higher perceived stress ( β : 0.39; 95 % CI:0.25, 0.53). The PES was not associated with a change in systolic blood pressure ( β : -0.22; 95 % CI:-0.76, 0.32) nor in pulse pressure ( β : -0.33; 95 % CI: -0.73, 0.07). Policy approaches to mitigate the growth in employment precarity, and in turn food insecurity and stress, warrant consideration to prevent widening of health inequities.
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16
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Tuluhong M, Han P. Chronic stress is associated with reward and emotion-related eating behaviors in college students. Front Nutr 2023; 9:1025953. [PMID: 36712544 PMCID: PMC9879612 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1025953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Stress is related to altered olfactory perception and eating behaviors. The current study investigated the association between chronic stress, food reward and perception of food and non-food odors among college students. Methods Sixty-one participants completed the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and the Brief Daily Stressors Screening Tool (BDSST). The detective threshold and suprathreshold perception (pleasantness, intensity, and familiarity) of two food (chocolate, strawberry) odors and a non-food (rose) odor were measured. Food reward and macronutrient preference were measured using the computerized Leeds Food Preference Questionnaire and the Macronutrient and Taste Preference Ranking task, respectively. Reward-related eating, emotional eating and eating-related inhibitory control were measured by the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ) and the Reward-Based Eating Drive Scale (RED) scales. Results Neither the perceived stress or the severity of daily life stressor exposure was related to odor sensitivity, however, the PSS score was significantly correlated with pleasantness for strawberry odor (r = 0.329, p = 0.013). Chronic stress (PSS and BDSST scores) was significantly correlated with the DEBQ emotional eating and reward-related eating measured by RED (all ps < 0.01). Moreover, the BDSST score was negatively correlated with subjective liking for low-calorie sweet foods (r = -0.46, p < 0.001). Discussion Together, our preliminary results suggest disassociated effect of chronic stress on odor perception and eating behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pengfei Han
- Faulty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China,MOE Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Chongqing, China,*Correspondence: Pengfei Han,
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17
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Gao X, Zheng Q, Jiang X, Chen X, Liao Y, Pan Y. The effect of diet quality on the risk of developing gestational diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Public Health 2023; 10:1062304. [PMID: 36699870 PMCID: PMC9868748 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1062304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To examine the effect of diet quality on the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus. Methods This review included cohort and case-control studies reporting an association between diet quality and gestational diabetes mellitus. We searched PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL Complete, Chinese Periodical Full-text Database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, and China Wanfang Database for studies published from inception to November 18, 2022. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used for quality assessment, and the overall quality of evidence was assessed using the GRADEpro GDT. Results A total of 19 studies (15 cohort, four case-control) with 108,084 participants were included. We found that better higher diet quality before or during pregnancy reduced the risk of developing gestational diabetes mellitus, including a higher Mediterranean diet (OR: 0.51; 95% CI: 0.30-0.86), dietary approaches to stop hypertension (OR: 0.66; 95% CI: 0.44-0.97), Alternate Healthy Eating Index (OR: 0.61; 95% CI: 0.44-0.83), overall plant-based diet index (OR: 0.57; 95% CI: 0.41-0.78), and adherence to national dietary guidelines (OR: 0.39; 95% CI:0.31-0.48). However, poorer diet quality increased the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus, including a higher dietary inflammatory index (OR: 1.37; 95% CI: 1.21-1.57) and overall low-carbohydrate diets (OR: 1.41; 95% CI: 1.22-1.64). After meta-regression, subgroup, and sensitivity analyses, the results remained statistically significant. Conclusions Before and during pregnancy, higher diet quality reduced the risk of developing gestational diabetes mellitus, whereas poorer diet quality increased this risk. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, identifier: CRD42022372488.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Gao
- School of Nursing, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qingxiang Zheng
- Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics and Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiumin Jiang
- Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics and Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China,*Correspondence: Xiumin Jiang ✉
| | - Xiaoqian Chen
- Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics and Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yanping Liao
- School of Nursing, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yuqing Pan
- Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics and Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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18
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Oliver TL, Shenkman R, Diewald LK, Bernhardt PW, Chen MH, Moore CH, Kaufmann PG. A Year in the Life of U.S. Frontline Health Care Workers: Impact of COVID-19 on Weight Change, Physical Activity, Lifestyle Habits, and Psychological Factors. Nutrients 2022; 14:4865. [PMID: 36432550 PMCID: PMC9694299 DOI: 10.3390/nu14224865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Healthcare workers (HCWs) experienced significantly higher burdens and life demands due to the COVID-19 pandemic. This study sought to assess the longitudinal effects among HCWs throughout the pandemic. Qualtrics surveys collected self-reported data on weight changes, eating patterns, physical activity (PA), and psychological factors with data organized by timepoints prior to the pandemic (PP0—prior to March 2020), baseline (M0—January 2021), month 6 (M6—July 2021), and month 12 (M12—January 2022). Eating patterns were negatively impacted at the M0, with reported increases in snacking/grazing (69.7%), fast food/take-out consumption (57.8%), and alcohol (48.8%). However, by M6 and M12 there were no statistically significant differences in eating patterns, suggesting that eating patterns normalized over time. Mean weight increased from PP0 to M0 by 2.99 pounds (p < 0.001, n = 226) and from PP0 to M6 by 2.12 pounds (p < 0.027, n = 146), though the difference in mean weight from PP0 to M12 was not statistically significant (n = 122). PA counts decreased from 8.00 sessions per week PP0 to 6.80 by M0 (p = 0.005) before jumping to 12.00 at M6 (p < 0.001) and 10.67 at M12 (p < 0.001). Psychological factors comparing M0 to M12 found statistically significant differences for depression (p-value = 0.018) and anxiety (p-value = 0.001), meaning depression and anxiety were initially increased but improved by M12. Additionally, higher scores on depression and insomnia scales were associated with lower PA levels. These overall results imply that the COVID-19 pandemic had immediate effects on the eating patterns, weight changes, PA, and psychological factors of HCWs; however, routines and lifestyle habits appeared to have normalized one year later.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy L. Oliver
- M. Louise Fitzpatrick College of Nursing, Villanova University, Villanova, PA 19085, USA
| | - Rebecca Shenkman
- MacDonald Center for Obesity Prevention and Education, Villanova University, Villanova, PA 19085, USA
| | - Lisa K. Diewald
- MacDonald Center for Obesity Prevention and Education, Villanova University, Villanova, PA 19085, USA
| | - Paul W. Bernhardt
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Villanova University, Villanova, PA 19085, USA
| | - Mu-Hsun Chen
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Villanova University, Villanova, PA 19085, USA
| | - Caroline H. Moore
- M. Louise Fitzpatrick College of Nursing, Villanova University, Villanova, PA 19085, USA
| | - Peter G. Kaufmann
- M. Louise Fitzpatrick College of Nursing, Villanova University, Villanova, PA 19085, USA
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19
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Boniecka I, Czerwonogrodzka-Senczyna A, Sekuła M, Zawodny P, Szemitko M, Sieńko M, Sieńko J. The Impact of the COVID-19 Epidemic on the Mood and Diet of Patients Undergoing Bariatric Surgery. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14142849. [PMID: 35889806 PMCID: PMC9322372 DOI: 10.3390/nu14142849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Limited social contacts, lack of professional activities, economic insecurity, and a sense of threat, as well as boredom during the COVID-19 pandemic, contributed to tension and stress. All of these increase the risk of an inappropriate diet. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mood and nutrition of patients undergoing bariatric surgery. A group of 312 patients (both before and after bariatric surgery) completed a questionnaire about their diet and mood during COVID-19 lockdown. About 70% of all respondents reacted to the epidemiological situation: irritability, anxiety about their own health, and eating without being hungry. A total of 74% of all of the subjects snacked between meals (especially sweets). The respondents who believed that obesity and its complications had a negative impact on the prognosis of the coronavirus infection had a statistically significant higher prevalence of health anxiety, feeling that important life issues were out of control, irritability, need for psychological support, and need for dietary consultation. Patients after bariatric surgery had e.g., a statistically significant lower incidence of feeling hungry, eating after meals, and eating fatty foods. The COVID-19 pandemic has been shown to negatively affect the mood and diet of bariatric patients, which may affect their health status and worsen the prognosis of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Boniecka
- Department of Clinical Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, E Ciołka Str. 27, 01-445 Warsaw, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-22-572-09-31
| | - Aneta Czerwonogrodzka-Senczyna
- Department of Clinical Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, E Ciołka Str. 27, 01-445 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Marzena Sekuła
- Interdisciplinary Doctoral School of Social Sciences and Humanities, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Chodakowska Str. 19/31, 03-815 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Piotr Zawodny
- Zawodny Clinic, Ku Słońcu Str. 58, 71-047 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Marcin Szemitko
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Pomeranian Medical University, Al. Pow. Wielkopolskich Str. 72, 70–111 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Magdalena Sieńko
- Department of Pediatrics, Endocrinology, Diabetology, Metabolic Diseases and Cardiology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Unii Lubelskiej Str. 1, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Jerzy Sieńko
- Department of General Surgery and Transpalntation, Pomeranian Medical University, Al. Pow. Wielkopolskich Str. 72, 70–111 Szczecin, Poland;
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20
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Dietary inflammation score is associated with perceived stress, depression, and cardiometabolic health risk factors among a young adult cohort of women. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2022; 51:470-477. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2022.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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21
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Gemesi K, Holzmann SL, Kaiser B, Wintergerst M, Lurz M, Groh G, Böhm M, Krcmar H, Gedrich K, Hauner H, Holzapfel C. Stress eating: an online survey of eating behaviours, comfort foods, and healthy food substitutes in German adults. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:391. [PMID: 35209876 PMCID: PMC8868035 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-12787-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In many people, stress is associated with changes in eating behaviour. Food products consumed during stress (comfort foods) are often unhealthy. It is rather unknown what comfort foods are consumed in Germany and what healthier food products are considered as alternatives to support stress-eaters in making healthier food choices. METHODS This online survey was conducted in spring 2021 throughout Germany. Participants were digitally recruited by newsletters, homepages, social media, and mailing lists. The survey included a standardized questionnaire with items concerning e.g. sociodemography, stress, and nutrition. Comfort foods were pre-selected through literature search and food substitutes were defined and discussed by experts. Analyses examined comfort food consumption and substitute preferences dependent on sex, age, body mass index (BMI), and being a self-identified stress-eater. The statistical analysis was performed using R. RESULTS Survey participants were mostly female (80.6%, 994/1234), had a mean age of 31.4 ± 12.8 years and a mean BMI of 23.4 ± 4.3 kg/m2. Participants stated, that the two favourite comfort foods were chocolate (consumed often/very often by 48.3%, 596/1234) and coffee (consumed often/very often by 45.9%, 566/1234). Regarding food substitutes, the most frequently named alternative food for chocolate and cookies was fresh fruits (for chocolate: 74.4%, 815/1096, for cookies: 62.6%, 565/902). Tea without added sugar (64.4%, 541/840) was the preferred substitute for coffee. Almost 50% of participants (48.1%, 594/1234) identified themselves as stress-eaters, of which 68.9% (408/592) stated to eat (very) often more than usual in subjective stress situations. CONCLUSIONS The results from this work suggest that specific comfort foods and substitutes are preferred by the participants in stressful situations. This knowledge about food choices and substitutes should be investigated in further studies to improve eating behaviour in stressful situations. TRIAL REGISTRATION The survey was registered in the German Register of Clinical Studies (Registration number: DRKS00023984 ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Gemesi
- Institute for Nutritional Medicine, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Georg-Brauchle-Ring 62, 80992, Munich, Germany
| | - Sophie Laura Holzmann
- Institute for Nutritional Medicine, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Georg-Brauchle-Ring 62, 80992, Munich, Germany
| | - Birgit Kaiser
- Research Group Public Health Nutrition, ZIEL - Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Monika Wintergerst
- Research Group Social Computing, Department of Informatics, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Martin Lurz
- Krcmar Lab, Department of Informatics, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Georg Groh
- Research Group Social Computing, Department of Informatics, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Markus Böhm
- Krcmar Lab, Department of Informatics, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany.,Department of Informatics, University of Applied Sciences Landshut, Landshut, Germany
| | - Helmut Krcmar
- Krcmar Lab, Department of Informatics, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Kurt Gedrich
- Research Group Public Health Nutrition, ZIEL - Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Hans Hauner
- Institute for Nutritional Medicine, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Georg-Brauchle-Ring 62, 80992, Munich, Germany.,Else Kröner Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Christina Holzapfel
- Institute for Nutritional Medicine, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Georg-Brauchle-Ring 62, 80992, Munich, Germany.
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22
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A Study of United States Registered Dietitian Nutritionists during COVID-19: From Impact to Adaptation. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14040907. [PMID: 35215557 PMCID: PMC8876548 DOI: 10.3390/nu14040907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic introduced an unprecedented health crisis, requiring many Registered Dietitian Nutritionists (RDNs) to expand their duties and services, while other RDNs faced unemployment, reduced hours, and changes to their work environment. This study evaluated whether the pandemic impacted RDNs’ weight, eating behaviors, and psychological factors, and whether professional training as an RDN was perceived as a protective factor in maintaining healthy habits. A 57-item, cross-sectional, online questionnaire including open-ended questions was distributed to RDNs residing in the United States. Over two months (January 2021 to February 2021), 477 RDNs completed the questionnaire. Among RDNs, 68.5% reported no weight change, 21.4% reported weight gain greater than 5 pounds, and 10.3% reported weight loss greater than 5 pounds. Approximately 75% (n = 360) reported their RDN professional training equipped them with the skills needed to maintain healthy eating behaviors. Reduced physical activity and mental health were the top qualitative themes that emerged regarding reasons for weight change. These findings suggest that RDN professional practice skills may have conferred some personal health benefits, as evidenced by smaller weight gains, the maintenance of healthy habits, and fewer reporting psychological effects relative to the general population and other health professionals, thereby limiting the impact of pandemic-induced work and life disruptions.
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23
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Park J, Lee JJ, Park S, Lee H, Nam S, Lee S, Lee H. Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals and Premenstrual Syndrome in Female College Students in East Asia: A Multi-Country Study. Int J Womens Health 2022; 14:167-177. [PMID: 35173491 PMCID: PMC8842637 DOI: 10.2147/ijwh.s349172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to explore the severity of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and to examine associated factors with PMS among East Asian female college students with regard to endocrine-disrupting chemical (EDC). PATIENTS AND METHODS This study was a cross-sectional design. An online survey was completed by 520 female college students in Hong Kong and Korea. The structured questionnaire included items measuring knowledge of EDCs, actions taken and willingness to minimize exposure to EDCs, interest in EDCs, prior education on EDCs, life stress, severity of PMS, and general and health-related characteristics. Multiple logistic regressions were performed. RESULTS The prevalence of severe PMS among the participants was 54.6%. Factors associated with severe PMS included a self-reported heavy menstrual flow, underweight, obesity, interpersonal relationship stress, actions taken to minimize exposure to EDCs, and interest in EDCs. CONCLUSION This study provided the evidence of a negative association between severe PMS and the actions taken to minimize exposure to EDCs. To alleviate symptoms of PMS among young female adults, practical interventions, such as education to overcome barriers to preventing exposure to EDCs, are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongok Park
- College of Nursing, Mo-Im Kim Nursing Research Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Jae Lee
- School of Nursing, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - SoMi Park
- Department of Nursing, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
| | - Hyeonkyeong Lee
- College of Nursing, Mo-Im Kim Nursing Research Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sujin Nam
- School of Nursing, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Sejeong Lee
- College of Nursing and Brain Korea 21 FOUR Project, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyojin Lee
- College of Nursing and Brain Korea 21 FOUR Project, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
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24
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Long Z, Huang L, Lyu J, Xia Y, Chen Y, Li R, Wang Y, Li S. The associations of perceived stress with food preferences and activity preferences: a cross-sectional study among Chinese adults. J Affect Disord 2022; 297:430-436. [PMID: 34718037 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.10.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zichong Long
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 227 South Chongqing Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai, China
| | - Lili Huang
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 227 South Chongqing Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiajun Lyu
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 227 South Chongqing Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanqing Xia
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 227 South Chongqing Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiting Chen
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 227 South Chongqing Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Li
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 227 South Chongqing Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanlin Wang
- Prenatal Diagnosis Department, International Peace Maternity & Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 910 Hengshan Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, China.
| | - Shenghui Li
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 227 South Chongqing Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai, China; MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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25
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Gusty R, Effendi N, Lim KA, Syafrita Y. Correlation of Hypertension Self-Care Activity Level Effects Factors with Perceived Stress in Uncontrolled Hypertensive Patients. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2022.7218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Stress is associated with hypertension self-care behavior activity. Low self-care can cause hypertension and make hypertension uncontrolled. Patients with uncontrolled hypertension are very susceptible to experiencing stress through self-care activities that they must do.
AIM: This study aims to identify the role of perceived stress on the self-care behavior of patients with uncontrolled hypertension. This study aims to assess the correlation of hypertension self-care activity level effect factors with perceived stress in patients with uncontrolled hypertension.
METHODS: This quantitative study with a cross-sectional design recruited 383 patients with uncontrolled hypertension at a community health center. The sampling technique is consecutive sampling. Perceived stress was assessed using Perceived Stress Sclae (PSS) and hypertension self-care activities were assessed using Hypertension Self-Care Activity Level Effect (H-SCALE). Data were analyzed using chi-square and multivariate test.
RESULTS: All respondents experienced stress, where 55.6% severed perceived stress and 44.4% moderate perceived stress. Severe stress occurs 60% in middle age, 54.2% in the elderly, 56.6% of male respondents, and 55.1% of female respondents. About 71.9% of respondents do not go to school, 69.2% are highly educated, and 56.6% of respondents do not work. Medication non-adherence (p = 0.000; OR = 0.941; 95% CI = 0.911–0.973) and weight management non-adherence (p = 0.006; OR = 0.956; 95% CI = 0.927–0.987) were positively correlated with the level of perceived stress in patients uncontrolled hypertension.
CONCLUSION: Improving coping strategies for stress by designing educational provisions about medication and weight management (diet and physical activity) are easily understood by people who do not experience education. Continuity and comprehensive education are needed.
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The Dynamic Interplay of Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors for Cardiovascular Health. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2022; 24:969-980. [PMID: 36422788 PMCID: PMC9750923 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-022-01068-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The recent rise in cardiovascular disease (CVD) deaths in the USA has sparked interest in identifying and implementing effective strategies to reverse this trend. Healthy lifestyle behaviors (i.e., healthy diet, regular physical activity, achieve and maintain a healthy weight, avoid tobacco exposure, good quality sleep, avoiding and managing stress) are the cornerstone for CVD prevention. RECENT FINDINGS Achieving all of these behaviors significantly benefits heart health; however, even small changes lower CVD risk. Moreover, there is interplay among healthy lifestyle behaviors where changing one may result in concomitant changes in another behavior. In contrast, the presence of one or more unhealthy lifestyle behaviors may attenuate changing another lifestyle behavior(s) (poor diet, inadequate physical activity, overweight/obesity, poor sleep quality, tobacco exposure, and poor stress management). It is important to assess all of these lifestyle behaviors with patients to plan an intervention program that is best positioned for adherence.
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Olstad DL, Nejatinamini S, Kirkpatrick SI, Vanderlee L, Livingstone KM, Campbell DJT, Tang K, Minaker LM, Hammond D. Stress-Related Poor Diet Quality Does Not Explain Socioeconomic Inequities in Health: A Structural Equation Mediation Analysis of Gender-Specific Pathways. J Acad Nutr Diet 2021; 122:541-554.e1. [PMID: 34626824 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2021.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychosocial stress and diet quality individually mediate associations between socioeconomic position (SEP) and health; however, it is not known whether they jointly mediate these associations. This is an important question because stress-related unhealthy eating is often invoked as an explanation for diet-related health inequities, particularly among women, seemingly with no empirical justification. OBJECTIVE This study examined whether psychosocial stress and diet quality jointly mediated associations between SEP and self-rated health in women and men. DESIGN Multiple mediating pathways were modeled using data from the cross-sectional International Food Policy Study. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING Data were collected from 5,645 adults (aged 18 years or older) in Canada during 2018 and 2019. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Participants reported SEP using indicators of materialist (educational attainment and perceived income adequacy) and psychosocial pathways (subjective social status), along with psychosocial stress, dietary intake (to assess overall diet quality via Healthy Eating Index-2015 scores), and self-rated health. STATISTICAL ANALYSES PERFORMED Structural equation modeling modeled pathways linking SEP (ie, educational attainment, perceived income adequacy, and subjective social status) with self-rated health mediated by psychosocial stress and diet quality, stratified by gender. RESULTS There was no evidence that psychosocial stress and diet quality jointly mediated associations between SEP and self-rated health in women or men. Diet quality mediated associations between educational attainment and self-rated health in women and men, with some evidence that it mediated associations between subjective social status and self-rated health in men (P = 0.051). Psychosocial stress mediated associations between perceived income adequacy and self-rated health in women and men, and between subjective social status and self-rated health in women. CONCLUSIONS Although often invoked as an explanation for diet-related health inequities, stress-related poor diet quality did not mediate associations between SEP and self-rated health in women or men. Psychosocial stress and diet quality individually mediated some of these associations, with some differences by gender.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Lee Olstad
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Sara Nejatinamini
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sharon I Kirkpatrick
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lana Vanderlee
- Université Laval École de Nutrition, Centre Nutrition, Santé et Société (Centre NUTRISS), Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Katherine M Livingstone
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - David J T Campbell
- Department of Medicine, Department of Community Health Sciences, Department of Cardiac Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Karen Tang
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Leia M Minaker
- School of Planning, Faculty of Environment, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - David Hammond
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
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Stress Condition on a Restricted Sodium Diet Using Umami Substance (L-Glutamate) in a Pilot Randomized Cross-Over Study. Foods 2021; 10:foods10081739. [PMID: 34441517 PMCID: PMC8393573 DOI: 10.3390/foods10081739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertensive patients who adopt a sodium-restricted diet have difficulty maintaining this change, and this could increase stress. On the other hand, soup rich in umami substances (dashi) was reported to reduce indexes of anxiety and stress. The objective of this study was to measure mood and physiological stress indexes during administration of a sodium-restricted diet with and without an umami substance (free L-glutamate) by a cross-over randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled trial in Japanese female university students. The baseline was measured for 5 days followed by a sodium-restricted diet intervention phase that lasted for 10 days. The Profile of Mood States questionnaire was administered, a stress marker in saliva (chromogranin-A) was measured, and the amount of sodium intake was confirmed from 24 h urine collection samples. Results showed that the sodium reduction was verified by 24 h urine excretion. The percentage of change in the stress marker from the baseline showed that the stress level in group without the umami substance was significantly higher than that in the group with the umami substance (p = 0.013) after receiving a sodium-reduced diet for 6 or more days, indicating that stress was alleviated. This study suggested that umami substances might help to ameliorate stress during a sodium-reduced diet, especially in the initial phase.
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29
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Khaled K, Hundley V, Tsofliou F. Poor Dietary Quality and Patterns Are Associated with Higher Perceived Stress among Women of Reproductive Age in the UK. Nutrients 2021; 13:2588. [PMID: 34444749 PMCID: PMC8399887 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the association between stress and diet quality/patterns among women of reproductive age in UK. In total, 244 reproductive aged women participated in an online survey consisting of the European Prospective into Cancer and Nutrition food frequency questionnaire in addition to stress, depression, physical-activity, adiposity, and socioeconomic questions. An a-priori diet quality index was derived by assessing the adherence to Alternate Mediterranean Diet (aMD). A-posteriori dietary-patterns (DPs) were explored through factor analysis. Regression models were used to assess the predictors of the DPs. Participants mainly had medium (n = 113) aMD adherence. Higher stress levels were reported by participants with low aMD adherence. Participants with high aMD adherence were of normal BMI. Factor analysis revealed three DPs: fats and oils, sugars, snacks, alcoholic-beverages, red/processed meat, and cereals (DP-1), fish and seafood, eggs, milk and milk-products (DP-2), and fruits, vegetables, nuts and seeds (DP-3). Regression models showed that DP-1 was positively associated with stress (p = 0.005) and negatively with age (p = 0.004) and smoking (p = 0.005). DP-2 was negatively associated with maternal educational-level (p = 0.01) while DP-3 was negatively associated with stress (p < 0.001), BMI (p = 0.001), and white ethnicity (p = 0.01). Stress was negatively associated with healthy diet quality/patterns among reproductive aged women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Khaled
- Department of Rehabilitation & Sport Sciences, Faculty of Health & Social Sciences, Bournemouth University, Bournemouth BH8 8GP, UK;
| | - Vanora Hundley
- Centre for Midwifery, Maternal & Perinatal Health, Faculty of Health & Social Sciences, Bournemouth University, Bournemouth BH8 8GP, UK;
| | - Fotini Tsofliou
- Department of Rehabilitation & Sport Sciences, Faculty of Health & Social Sciences, Bournemouth University, Bournemouth BH8 8GP, UK;
- Centre for Midwifery, Maternal & Perinatal Health, Faculty of Health & Social Sciences, Bournemouth University, Bournemouth BH8 8GP, UK;
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30
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Silver JK, Finkelstein A, Minezaki K, Parks K, Budd MA, Tello M, Paganoni S, Tirosh A, Polak R. The Impact of a Culinary Coaching Telemedicine Program on Home Cooking and Emotional Well-Being during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13072311. [PMID: 34371825 PMCID: PMC8308430 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus pandemic enforced social restrictions with abrupt impacts on mental health and changes to health behaviors. From a randomized clinical trial, we assessed the impact of culinary education on home cooking practices, coping strategies and resiliency during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic (March/April 2020). Participants (n = 28) were aged 25–70 years with a BMI of 27.5–35 kg/m2. The intervention consisted of 12 weekly 30-min one-on-one telemedicine culinary coaching sessions. Coping strategies were assessed through the Brief Coping with Problems Experienced Inventory, and resiliency using the Brief Resilient Coping Scale. Home cooking practices were assessed through qualitative analysis. The average use of self-care as a coping strategy by the intervention group was 6.14 (1.66), compared to the control with 4.64 (1.69); p = 0.03. While more intervention participants had high (n = 5) and medium (n = 8) resiliency compared to controls (n = 4, n = 6, respectively), this difference was not significant (p = 0.33). Intervention participants reported using home cooking skills such as meal planning and time saving techniques during the pandemic. The key findings were that culinary coaching via telemedicine may be an effective intervention for teaching home cooking skills and promoting the use of self-care as a coping strategy during times of stress, including the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie K. Silver
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA; (J.K.S.); (S.P.)
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Adi Finkelstein
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, Jerusalem College of Technology, Jerusalem 95483, Israel;
| | - Kaya Minezaki
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel;
| | - Kimberly Parks
- Department of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02462, USA;
- Department of Cardiology, Newton Wellesley Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02462, USA
| | - Maggi A. Budd
- Department of Spinal Cord Medicine, VA Boston Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02130, USA;
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02130, USA
| | - Monique Tello
- Department of Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA;
| | - Sabrina Paganoni
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA; (J.K.S.); (S.P.)
| | - Amir Tirosh
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 5262000, Israel;
| | - Rani Polak
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
- Sheba Center of Lifestyle Medicine, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 5262000, Israel
- Correspondence:
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Cosgrove K, Wharton C. Predictors of COVID-19-Related Perceived Improvements in Dietary Health: Results from a US Cross-Sectional Study. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13062097. [PMID: 34205306 PMCID: PMC8234783 DOI: 10.3390/nu13062097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in substantial lifestyle changes. No US study has identified predictors of perceived dietary healthfulness changes during the pandemic period. This study included analyses of lifestyle and dietary healthfulness changes using 958 survey responses from US primary household food purchasers. Information was collected related to demographics, COVID-19-related household changes, and health-related habits before and during the pandemic. Binary logistic regression identified predictors of perceived increase in dietary healthfulness during the pandemic period. Overall, 59.8%, 16.4%, and 23.4% of participants reported that their eating habits likely changed, may have changed, and likely did not change, respectively. Of the participants whose dietary habits likely or may have changed, 64.1%, 16.8%, and 19% reported healthier, neither healthier nor less healthy, and less healthy eating habits, respectively. COVID-19-related income loss, more meals consumed with household members in front of the television, an increase in food advertisement exposure, increased perceived stress, and better perceived current health were significant predictors of a perceived increase in dietary healthfulness. Overall, dietary habits were perceived to become healthier during the pandemic. The predictors of perceived improvement in dietary healthfulness were surprising and indicate the need for further study of these factors in crisis and noncrisis situations.
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Lopes Cortes M, Andrade Louzado J, Galvão Oliveira M, Moraes Bezerra V, Mistro S, Souto Medeiros D, Arruda Soares D, Oliveira Silva K, Nicolaevna Kochergin C, Honorato dos Santos de Carvalho VC, Wildes Amorim W, Serrate Mengue S. Unhealthy Food and Psychological Stress: The Association between Ultra-Processed Food Consumption and Perceived Stress in Working-Class Young Adults. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:3863. [PMID: 33917015 PMCID: PMC8103503 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18083863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ultra-processed foods are industrial formulations made from food extracts or constituents with little or no intact food and often containing additives that confer hyper-palatability. The consumption of these products increases the risk of chronic non-communicable diseases. Stressed people may engage in unhealthy eating as a way to cope. This study aimed to verify whether ultra-processed food consumption was associated with perceived stress levels in industrial and retail workers from Vitoria da Conquista, Brazil. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study carried out between July 2017 and August 2018. During the study period, 1270 participants completed a survey administered by an interviewer. Stress levels were assessed using the Perceived Stress Scale. Information regarding weekly ultra-processed food consumption was collected. Ultra-processed foods were classified into four groups: sugary drinks; sugary foods; fast foods; and canned foods, frozen foods, or processed meat. The Student's t-test or one-way analysis of variance was used to assess the differences in stress levels and ultra-processed food consumption. Ordinal regression was used to determine the association between the degrees of stress and ultra-processed food consumption levels. RESULTS Factors such as a young age, being unmarried, smoking, high-risk alcohol consumption, negative health perception, and high perceived stress level indicated higher rates of ultra-processed food consumption. Ordinal regression analysis showed that high stress levels were associated with increased odds of higher ultra-processed food consumption (odds ratio: 1.94; 95% CI: 1.54-2.45). CONCLUSIONS These findings could help identify appropriate target areas for interventions aimed at mental health promotion and healthier food consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus Lopes Cortes
- Multidisciplinary Health Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Rua Hormindo Barros, 58, Quadra 17, Lote 58, Bairro Candeias, Vitória da Conquista, 45029-094 Bahia, Brazil; (J.A.L.); (M.G.O.); (V.M.B.); (S.M.); (D.S.M.); (D.A.S.); (K.O.S.); (C.N.K.); (V.C.H.d.S.d.C.)
| | - José Andrade Louzado
- Multidisciplinary Health Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Rua Hormindo Barros, 58, Quadra 17, Lote 58, Bairro Candeias, Vitória da Conquista, 45029-094 Bahia, Brazil; (J.A.L.); (M.G.O.); (V.M.B.); (S.M.); (D.S.M.); (D.A.S.); (K.O.S.); (C.N.K.); (V.C.H.d.S.d.C.)
| | - Marcio Galvão Oliveira
- Multidisciplinary Health Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Rua Hormindo Barros, 58, Quadra 17, Lote 58, Bairro Candeias, Vitória da Conquista, 45029-094 Bahia, Brazil; (J.A.L.); (M.G.O.); (V.M.B.); (S.M.); (D.S.M.); (D.A.S.); (K.O.S.); (C.N.K.); (V.C.H.d.S.d.C.)
| | - Vanessa Moraes Bezerra
- Multidisciplinary Health Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Rua Hormindo Barros, 58, Quadra 17, Lote 58, Bairro Candeias, Vitória da Conquista, 45029-094 Bahia, Brazil; (J.A.L.); (M.G.O.); (V.M.B.); (S.M.); (D.S.M.); (D.A.S.); (K.O.S.); (C.N.K.); (V.C.H.d.S.d.C.)
| | - Sóstenes Mistro
- Multidisciplinary Health Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Rua Hormindo Barros, 58, Quadra 17, Lote 58, Bairro Candeias, Vitória da Conquista, 45029-094 Bahia, Brazil; (J.A.L.); (M.G.O.); (V.M.B.); (S.M.); (D.S.M.); (D.A.S.); (K.O.S.); (C.N.K.); (V.C.H.d.S.d.C.)
| | - Danielle Souto Medeiros
- Multidisciplinary Health Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Rua Hormindo Barros, 58, Quadra 17, Lote 58, Bairro Candeias, Vitória da Conquista, 45029-094 Bahia, Brazil; (J.A.L.); (M.G.O.); (V.M.B.); (S.M.); (D.S.M.); (D.A.S.); (K.O.S.); (C.N.K.); (V.C.H.d.S.d.C.)
| | - Daniela Arruda Soares
- Multidisciplinary Health Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Rua Hormindo Barros, 58, Quadra 17, Lote 58, Bairro Candeias, Vitória da Conquista, 45029-094 Bahia, Brazil; (J.A.L.); (M.G.O.); (V.M.B.); (S.M.); (D.S.M.); (D.A.S.); (K.O.S.); (C.N.K.); (V.C.H.d.S.d.C.)
| | - Kelle Oliveira Silva
- Multidisciplinary Health Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Rua Hormindo Barros, 58, Quadra 17, Lote 58, Bairro Candeias, Vitória da Conquista, 45029-094 Bahia, Brazil; (J.A.L.); (M.G.O.); (V.M.B.); (S.M.); (D.S.M.); (D.A.S.); (K.O.S.); (C.N.K.); (V.C.H.d.S.d.C.)
| | - Clávdia Nicolaevna Kochergin
- Multidisciplinary Health Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Rua Hormindo Barros, 58, Quadra 17, Lote 58, Bairro Candeias, Vitória da Conquista, 45029-094 Bahia, Brazil; (J.A.L.); (M.G.O.); (V.M.B.); (S.M.); (D.S.M.); (D.A.S.); (K.O.S.); (C.N.K.); (V.C.H.d.S.d.C.)
| | - Vivian Carla Honorato dos Santos de Carvalho
- Multidisciplinary Health Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Rua Hormindo Barros, 58, Quadra 17, Lote 58, Bairro Candeias, Vitória da Conquista, 45029-094 Bahia, Brazil; (J.A.L.); (M.G.O.); (V.M.B.); (S.M.); (D.S.M.); (D.A.S.); (K.O.S.); (C.N.K.); (V.C.H.d.S.d.C.)
| | - Welma Wildes Amorim
- Department of Natural Sciences, State University of Southwest of Bahia, Estrada Bem Querer, Km-04, 3293, Bairro Candeias, Vitória da Conquista, 45083-900 Bahia, Brazil;
| | - Sotero Serrate Mengue
- Post-Graduate Program in Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2400, Bairro Santa Cecilia, 90035-002 Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil;
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Association between Diet Quality and Perceived Stress in Women of Reproductive Age from a University Population in UK. Proc Nutr Soc 2021. [DOI: 10.1017/s0029665121003487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Brown WJ, Flores TR, Keating SE, Mielke GI. Trajectories and determinants of weight gain in two cohorts of young adult women born 16 years apart. Int J Obes (Lond) 2021; 45:1553-1564. [PMID: 33941842 PMCID: PMC8090508 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-021-00819-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aims were to compare: (1) baseline weights and weight gain trajectories; (2) sociodemographic, behavioural and health characteristics driving weight gain; and (3) estimated average weight in 20 years' time, in two cohorts of young women. METHODS Data were from 16066 participants in two population-based cohorts of young adult women, born in 1973-78 ("GenX") and 1989-95 ("millennials"). Weight was reported at baseline (age 18-23 in both cohorts) and 4 years later. High weight gain was defined as >2.5% per year. Data were analysed in 2020. RESULTS Women born in 1989-95 were almost 4 kg heavier at age 18-23 and gained weight over 4 years 1.7 times faster than those born in 1973-78. Prevalence of high weight gain was 34.2% in the 1989-95 cohort and 24% in the 1973-78 cohort. In both cohorts, older age, higher education and high physical activity were associated with lower odds of high weight gain, and more hours in paid work, poorer self-rated health and higher baseline BMI were associated with higher odds of high weight gain. Five factors (outer regional areas, one child, ex or current smoker, high stress and depression) were determinants of high weight gain in the 1989-95 cohort, but not in the 1973-78 cohort. Based on average weight at age 21 and annual percentage weight gain, we estimate that women born in 1989-95 will, on average, be 16.7 kg heavier at age 41 (93.2 kg), than women in the 1973-78 cohort (76.5 kg). CONCLUSION High weight gain was evident in every sociodemographic group in both cohorts but most evident in millennial women with high levels of stress and depression. Without effective weight gain prevention strategies we estimate that more than 50% of the millennial women will be in the obese BMI category in 20 years. This will have serious economic, health and societal consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy J. Brown
- grid.1003.20000 0000 9320 7537Centre for Research on Exercise, Physical Activity and Health, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD Australia
| | - Thaynã R. Flores
- grid.411221.50000 0001 2134 6519Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Shelley E. Keating
- grid.1003.20000 0000 9320 7537Centre for Research on Exercise, Physical Activity and Health, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD Australia
| | - Gregore I. Mielke
- grid.1003.20000 0000 9320 7537Centre for Research on Exercise, Physical Activity and Health, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD Australia
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Duggan CP, Kurpad A, Stanford FC, Sunguya B, Wells JC. Race, ethnicity, and racism in the nutrition literature: an update for 2020. Am J Clin Nutr 2020; 112:1409-1414. [PMID: 33274358 PMCID: PMC7727473 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Social disparities in the US and elsewhere have been terribly highlighted by the current COVID-19 pandemic but also an outbreak of state-sponsored violence. The field of nutrition, like other areas of science, has commonly used 'race' to describe research participants and populations, without the recognition that race is a social, not a biologic, construct. We review the limitations of classifying participants by race, and recommend a series of steps for authors, researchers and policymakers to consider when producing and reading the nutrition literature. We recommend that biomedical researchers, especially those in the field of nutrition, abandon the use of racial categories to explain biologic phenomena but instead rely on a more comprehensive framework of ethnicity; that authors consider not just race and ethnicity but many social determinants of health, including experienced racism; that race and ethnicity not be conflated; that dietary pattern descriptions inform ethnicity descriptions; and that depersonalizating language be avoided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher P Duggan
- Center for Nutrition, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anura Kurpad
- Department of Nutrition, St. John’s Research Institute, St. John’s National Academy of Health Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Fatima C Stanford
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bruno Sunguya
- Directorate of Research and Publications, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Jonathan C Wells
- Childhood Nutrition Research Centre, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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Cortes ML, Louzado JA, Oliveira MG, Bezerra VM, Mistro S, Medeiros DS, Soares DA, Silva KO, Kochergin CN, Carvalho VCHS, Amorim WW, Mengue SS. Association between perceived stress and health-risk behaviours in workers. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2020; 27:746-760. [PMID: 33295792 DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2020.1859567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Individuals who experience stress can engage in health-risk behaviours that may decrease work performance. The aim of this study was to determine perceived stress levels in Brazilian workers and verify whether perceived stress was associated with health-risk behaviours. Stress levels of 1,270 workers (1,019 men, 251 women) were assessed using the Perceived Stress Scale. The health-risk behaviours investigated were low intake of vegetables and fruits, daily smoking, high-risk alcohol consumption, physical inactivity, and the presence of obesity. The Student's t-test or one-way analysis of variance was used to assess differences in stress levels. Ordinal regression was used to determine the association between the degrees of stress and health-risk behaviours. Women had higher perceived stress levels than men. In addition, perceived stress levels were higher in those who had low socioeconomic status, were unmarried, had a negative perception of their health, were smokers, or had obesity. Smoking and the presence of two or more health-risk behaviours were associated with 1.84 (95% CI: 1.24-2.73) times and 1.49 (95% CI: 1.18-1.89) times higher odds of experiencing higher degrees of stress, respectively. In women, such an association was observed with the presence of obesity (odds ratio: 2.0; 95% CI: 1.01-3.98).
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus Lopes Cortes
- Multidisciplinary Health Institute, Federal University of Bahia Vitória Da Conquista, Bahia, Brazil
| | - J A Louzado
- Multidisciplinary Health Institute, Federal University of Bahia Vitória Da Conquista, Bahia, Brazil
| | - M G Oliveira
- Multidisciplinary Health Institute, Federal University of Bahia Vitória Da Conquista, Bahia, Brazil
| | - V M Bezerra
- Multidisciplinary Health Institute, Federal University of Bahia Vitória Da Conquista, Bahia, Brazil
| | - S Mistro
- Multidisciplinary Health Institute, Federal University of Bahia Vitória Da Conquista, Bahia, Brazil
| | - D S Medeiros
- Multidisciplinary Health Institute, Federal University of Bahia Vitória Da Conquista, Bahia, Brazil
| | - D A Soares
- Multidisciplinary Health Institute, Federal University of Bahia Vitória Da Conquista, Bahia, Brazil
| | - K O Silva
- Multidisciplinary Health Institute, Federal University of Bahia Vitória Da Conquista, Bahia, Brazil
| | - C N Kochergin
- Multidisciplinary Health Institute, Federal University of Bahia Vitória Da Conquista, Bahia, Brazil
| | - V C H S Carvalho
- Multidisciplinary Health Institute, Federal University of Bahia Vitória Da Conquista, Bahia, Brazil
| | - W W Amorim
- Department of Natural Sciences, State University of Southwest Bahia, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brazil
| | - S S Mengue
- School of Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Khaled K, Hundley V, Almilaji O, Koeppen M, Tsofliou F. A Priori and a Posteriori Dietary Patterns in Women of Childbearing Age in the UK. Nutrients 2020; 12:E2921. [PMID: 32987718 PMCID: PMC7598658 DOI: 10.3390/nu12102921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Poor diet quality is a major cause of maternal obesity. We aimed to investigate a priori and a-posteriori derived dietary patterns in childbearing-aged women in UK. An online survey assessed food intake, physical activity (PA), anthropometry and socio-demographics. An a priori defined diet quality was determined via Mediterranean diet (MD) adherence score and Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) derived dietary patterns (DPs). Multiple linear regression explored associations between DPs with anthropometric measures, PA and socio-demographics. Participants (n = 123) had low-to-medium MD adherence (average MD-score: 4.0 (2.0)). Age was positively associated with higher MD adherence (X2 (2) = 13.14, p = 0.01). EFA revealed three DPs: 'fruits, nuts, vegetables and legumes' ("Vegetarian-style" DP); 'sweets, cereals, dairy products and potatoes' ("Dairy, sweets and starchy foods" DP); and 'eggs, seafood and meats' ("Protein-rich" DP). "Vegetarian-style" DP was positively associated with higher maternal educational level (p < 0.01) and PA (p = 0.01), but negatively with white ethnicity (p < 0.01). "Dairy, sweets and starchy foods" DP was positively associated with white ethnicity (p = 0.03) and negatively with age (p = 0.03). "Protein-rich" DP was positively associated with age (p < 0.001) and negatively with PA (p = 0.01). A poor diet quality was found among childbearing-aged women; notably in the younger age category, those of white ethnicity, that were more physically inactive and with a lower socioeconomic background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Khaled
- Department of Rehabilitation & Sport Sciences, Faculty of Health & Social Sciences, Bournemouth University, Bournemouth BH1 3LT, UK; (K.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Vanora Hundley
- Centre for Midwifery, Maternal & Perinatal Health, Faculty of Health & Social Sciences, Bournemouth University, Bournemouth BH1 3LT, UK;
| | - Orouba Almilaji
- Department of Medical Science and Public Health, Faculty of Health & Social Sciences, Bournemouth University, Bournemouth BH1 3LT, UK;
| | - Mareike Koeppen
- Department of Rehabilitation & Sport Sciences, Faculty of Health & Social Sciences, Bournemouth University, Bournemouth BH1 3LT, UK; (K.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Fotini Tsofliou
- Department of Rehabilitation & Sport Sciences, Faculty of Health & Social Sciences, Bournemouth University, Bournemouth BH1 3LT, UK; (K.K.); (M.K.)
- Centre for Midwifery, Maternal & Perinatal Health, Faculty of Health & Social Sciences, Bournemouth University, Bournemouth BH1 3LT, UK;
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