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Qu F, Wang G, Wen P, Liu X, Zeng X. Knowledge mapping of immunotherapy for breast cancer: A bibliometric analysis from 2013 to 2022. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2024; 20:2335728. [PMID: 38563136 PMCID: PMC10989689 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2335728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death among women globally. Immunotherapy has emerged as a major milestone in contemporary oncology. This study aims to conduct a bibliometric analysis in the field of immunotherapy for breast cancer, providing a comprehensive overview of the current research status, identifying trends and hotspots in research topics. We searched and retrieved data from the Web of Science Core Collection, and performed a bibliometric analysis of publications on immunotherapy for breast cancer from 2013 to 2022. Current status and hotspots were evaluated by co-occurrence analysis using VOSviewer. Evolution and bursts of knowledge base were assessed by co-citation analysis using CiteSpace. Thematic evolution by bibliometrix package was used to discover keywords trends. The attribution and collaboration of countries/regions, institutions and authors were also explored. A total of 7,975 publications were included. In co-occurrence analysis of keywords, 6 major clusters were revealed: tumor microenvironment, prognosis biomarker, immune checkpoints, novel drug delivery methods, immune cells and therapeutic approaches. The top three most frequently mentioned keywords were tumor microenvironment, triple-negative breast cancer, and programmed cell death ligand 1. The most productive country, institution and author were the USA (2926 publications), the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (219 publications), and Sherene Loi (28 publications), respectively. There has been a rapid growth in studies on immunotherapy for breast cancer worldwide. This research area has gained increasing attention from different countries and institutions. With the rising incidence of breast cancer, immunotherapy represents a research field of significant clinical value and potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanli Qu
- Department of Breast Cancer Center, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Intelligent Oncology in Breast Cancer (iCQBC), Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Guanwen Wang
- Department of Breast Cancer Center, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Intelligent Oncology in Breast Cancer (iCQBC), Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Ping Wen
- School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- Department of Breast Cancer Center, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Intelligent Oncology in Breast Cancer (iCQBC), Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaohua Zeng
- Department of Breast Cancer Center, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Intelligent Oncology in Breast Cancer (iCQBC), Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
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Liu QQ, Li HZ, Li SX, Bao Y, Wang TC, Hu C, Xiao YD. CD36-mediated accumulation of MDSCs exerts abscopal immunosuppressive responses in hepatocellular carcinoma after insufficient microwave ablation. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:167493. [PMID: 39233261 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 08/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
The immune landscape of distant unablated tumors following insufficient microwave ablation (iMWA) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains to be clarified. The objective of this study is to define the abscopal immune landscape in distant unablated tumor before and after iMWA for HCC. Two treatment-naive patients were recruited for tumor tissue sampling, of each with two HCC lesions. Tumor samples were obtained at before and after microwave ablation in distant unablated sites for single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq). Mouse model with bilateral hepatoma tumors were developed, and distant unablated tumors were analyzed using multicolor immunofluorescence, RNA sequencing and flow cytometry. The scRNA-seq revealed that a reduced proportion of CD8+ T cells and an increased proportion of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) were observed in the distant unablated tumor microenvironment (TME). A notable disruption was observed in the lipid metabolism of tumor-associated immune cells, accompanied by an upregulated expression of CD36 in tumor-infiltrating immune cells in distant unablated tumor. The administration of a CD36 inhibitor has been demonstrated to ameliorate the adverse effects induced by iMWA, primarily by reinstating the anti-tumor responses of T cells in distant unablated tumor. These findings explain the recurrence and progression of tumors after iMWA and provide a new target of immunotherapy for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Qing Liu
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
| | - Hui-Zhou Li
- Department of Radiology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China; Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China.
| | - Shu-Xian Li
- Department of Radiology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China.
| | - Yan Bao
- Department of Radiology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China.
| | - Tian-Cheng Wang
- Department of Radiology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China.
| | - Chao Hu
- Department of Radiology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China.
| | - Yu-Dong Xiao
- Department of Radiology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China.
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Feng Z, Chan YT, Lu Y, Wu J, Xing T, Yuan H, Feng Y, Wang N. Siwu decoction suppress myeloid-derived suppressor cells through tumour cells necroptosis to inhibit hepatocellular carcinoma. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 133:155913. [PMID: 39084183 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) acquired resistance to anti-cancer agents due to the presence of immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment (TME) established by the interaction between tumour cells and immune populations. New treatment targeting the interaction is urgently needed and clinically beneficial to patients with HCC. This study aims to explore the anti-tumour effect of a Traditional Chinese Medicine formula Siwu Decoction (SWD) and its potential mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS The chemical profile of SWD was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. In vitro and in vivo effects of SWD in regressing HCC were assessed. The role of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in mediating SWD-induced HCC inhibition was determined by adoptive transfer assay. The regulation of SWD-induced interaction between HCC cells and MDSCs was also confirmed both in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS SWD dose-dependent inhibited the HCC growth and lung metastasis in an orthotopic growth tumour in mice, without significant toxicity and adverse side effect. SWD induced necroptosis in HCC cells, but did not directly inhibit in vitro culture of MDSCs, instead, SWD-treated HCC cell culture supernatant suppressed MDSCs by inducing its cell apoptosis. The necroptotic response of HCC cells can also suppress the MDSCs population in the TME without reducing circulating MDSCs infiltration into the tumours. Adoptive transfer of MDSCs recovered tumour growth and lung metastasis of HCC in SWD-treated mice. In HCC cells, SWD induced a necroptotic response, and blockade of necroptotic response in HCC cells recovered the MDSCs population in vitro and in vivo, and restored tumour growth and lung metastasis in SWD-treated mice. A combination of SWD improves the anti-HCC efficacy of sorafenib without inducing adverse side effects. Albiflorin, the effective compound of SWD, its anti-HCC manner has been verified to be consistent with that of SWD. CONCLUSION Our study observed for the first time that SWD can suppress HCC by regulating MDSCs through necroptosis of tumour cells in the TME. The main effective compound of SWD, albiflorin can be a potential adjuvant therapy in the clinical management of human HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixin Feng
- School of Chinese Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Academic Building at No. 3 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong S.A.R., China
| | - Yau-Tuen Chan
- School of Chinese Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Academic Building at No. 3 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong S.A.R., China
| | - Yuanjun Lu
- School of Chinese Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Academic Building at No. 3 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong S.A.R., China
| | - Junyu Wu
- School of Chinese Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Academic Building at No. 3 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong S.A.R., China
| | - Tingyuan Xing
- School of Chinese Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Academic Building at No. 3 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong S.A.R., China
| | - Hongchao Yuan
- School of Chinese Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Academic Building at No. 3 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong S.A.R., China
| | - Yibin Feng
- School of Chinese Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Academic Building at No. 3 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong S.A.R., China
| | - Ning Wang
- School of Chinese Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Academic Building at No. 3 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong S.A.R., China.
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Ma H, Shi L, Zheng J, Zeng L, Chen Y, Zhang S, Tang S, Qu Z, Xiong X, Zheng X, Yin Q. Advanced machine learning unveils CD8 + T cell genetic markers enhancing prognosis and immunotherapy efficacy in breast cancer. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:1222. [PMID: 39354417 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-12952-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 09/13/2024] [Indexed: 10/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer in women and poses a significant health burden, especially in China. Despite advances in diagnosis and treatment, patient variability and limited early detection contribute to poor outcomes. This study examines the role of CD8 + T cells in the tumor microenvironment to identify new biomarkers that improve prognosis and guide treatment strategies. METHODS CD8 + T-cell marker genes were identified using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), and a CD8 + T cell-related gene prognostic signature (CTRGPS) was developed using 10 machine-learning algorithms. The model was validated across seven independent public datasets from the GEO database. Clinical features and previously published signatures were also analyzed for comparison. The clinical applications of CTRGPS in biological function, immune microenvironment, and drug selection were explored, and the role of hub genes in BC progression was further investigated. RESULTS We identified 71 CD8 + T cell-related genes and developed the CTRGPS, which demonstrated significant prognostic value, with higher risk scores linked to poorer overall survival (OS). The model's accuracy and robustness were confirmed through Kaplan-Meier and ROC curve analyses across multiple datasets. CTRGPS outperformed existing prognostic signatures and served as an independent prognostic factor. The role of the hub gene TTK in promoting malignant proliferation and migration of BC cells was validated. CONCLUSION The CTRGPS enhances early diagnosis and treatment precision in BC, improving clinical outcomes. TTK, a key gene in the signature, shows promise as a therapeutic target, supporting the CTRGPS's potential clinical utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haodi Ma
- Precision Medicine Laboratory, School of Medical Technology and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - LinLin Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Henan Key Laboratory of Microbiome and Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Henan Key Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Medical College of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Jiayu Zheng
- Precision Medicine Laboratory, School of Medical Technology and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Li Zeng
- Precision Medicine Laboratory, School of Medical Technology and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Youyou Chen
- Precision Medicine Laboratory, School of Medical Technology and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Shunshun Zhang
- Precision Medicine Laboratory, School of Medical Technology and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Siya Tang
- Precision Medicine Laboratory, School of Medical Technology and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Zhifeng Qu
- Radiology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Xin Xiong
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xuewei Zheng
- Precision Medicine Laboratory, School of Medical Technology and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China.
- School of Medical Technology and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China.
| | - Qinan Yin
- Precision Medicine Laboratory, School of Medical Technology and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China.
- School of Medical Technology and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China.
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Xun J, Jiang X, Liu B, Hu Z, Liu J, Han Y, Gao R, Zhang H, Yang S, Yu X, Wang X, Yan C, Zhang Q. Neogambogic acid enhances anti-PD-1 immunotherapy efficacy by attenuating suppressive function of MDSCs in pancreatic cancer. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 139:112696. [PMID: 39018692 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anti-PD-1-based immunotherapy has limited benefits in patients with pancreatic cancer. Accumulating data indicate that natural products exert antitumor activity by remodeling the tumor immune microenvironment. It has been reported that neogambogic acid (NGA), an active natural monomer extracted from Garcinia, has anti-inflammatory and antitumor effects. Nevertheless, there are few systematic studies on the antitumor efficacy and immunomodulatory effects of NGA in pancreatic cancer. METHODS An orthotopic mouse model of pancreatic cancer was established and were treated with different doses of NGA. Tumor growth and ascites were observed. Flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were used to investigate the tumor immune microenvironment. CD11b+ MDSCs were infused back into mice with pancreatic cancer to observe tumor progression after NGA treatment. Bone marrow cells were induced to differentiate into MDSCs, and the effects of NGA on MDSCs were analyzed and the underlying mechanism was explored. The effects of NGA combined with an anti-PD-1 antibody on pancreatic cancer were further tested. RESULTS NGA significantly inhibited the tumor growth and improve ascites character in pancreatic cancer model mice. Flow cytometry and IHC analysis revealed that NGA decreased the MDSCs proportion and infiltration in the tumor microenvironment. Moreover, adoptive MDSCs largely attenuated the inhibitory effect of NGA on the progression of pancreatic cancer. In addition, we showed that NGA significantly promoted apoptosis and inhibited the differentiation, migration and immunosuppressive function of MDSCs and decreased level of STAT3 and p-STAT3. Furthermore, we demonstrated that NGA synergistically enhanced the efficacy of anti-PD-1 antibodies against pancreatic cancer. CONCLUSION NGA inhibited the progression of pancreatic cancer by inhibiting MDSCs in the tumor microenvironment, and enhanced the efficacy of anti-PD-1 therapy in the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xun
- Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300100, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Acute Abdomen Disease Associated Organ Injury and ITCWM Repair, Tianjin 300100, China; Institute of Integrative Medicine for Acute Abdominal Diseases, Tianjin 300100, China
| | - Xiaolin Jiang
- Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300100, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Acute Abdomen Disease Associated Organ Injury and ITCWM Repair, Tianjin 300100, China; Institute of Integrative Medicine for Acute Abdominal Diseases, Tianjin 300100, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300100, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Acute Abdomen Disease Associated Organ Injury and ITCWM Repair, Tianjin 300100, China; Institute of Integrative Medicine for Acute Abdominal Diseases, Tianjin 300100, China
| | - Zhibo Hu
- Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300100, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Acute Abdomen Disease Associated Organ Injury and ITCWM Repair, Tianjin 300100, China; Institute of Integrative Medicine for Acute Abdominal Diseases, Tianjin 300100, China
| | - Jinjin Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Acute Abdomen Disease Associated Organ Injury and ITCWM Repair, Tianjin 300100, China; Institute of Integrative Medicine for Acute Abdominal Diseases, Tianjin 300100, China; Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yingdi Han
- Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300100, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Acute Abdomen Disease Associated Organ Injury and ITCWM Repair, Tianjin 300100, China; Institute of Integrative Medicine for Acute Abdominal Diseases, Tianjin 300100, China
| | - Ruifang Gao
- Tianjin Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Acute Abdomen Disease Associated Organ Injury and ITCWM Repair, Tianjin 300100, China; Institute of Integrative Medicine for Acute Abdominal Diseases, Tianjin 300100, China; Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shimin Yang
- Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300100, China
| | - Xiangyang Yu
- Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300100, China
| | - Ximo Wang
- Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300100, China
| | - Chen Yan
- Tianjin Vocational College of Bioengineering, Tianjin 300301, China.
| | - Qi Zhang
- Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300100, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Acute Abdomen Disease Associated Organ Injury and ITCWM Repair, Tianjin 300100, China; Institute of Integrative Medicine for Acute Abdominal Diseases, Tianjin 300100, China.
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Zhang MQ, Jin HY, Wang J, Shu L. Mechanism of immune checkpoint inhibitor resistance in colorectal cancer patients and its interventional strategies. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2024; 32:645-651. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v32.i9.645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2024] [Revised: 08/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The remarkable efficacy demonstrated by immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in melanoma treatment has driven their widespread use in the treatment of a variety of solid tumours, and they have now become one of the mainstays of oncology treatment, especially in the field of colorectal cancer, where they have demonstrated great potential. However, in long-term large-sample studies, it was found that the response to ICIs is low, and there are problems of primary and acquired resistance, which seriously affect their therapeutic effect. In this paper, we will review the mechanism of resistance to ICIs in patients with colorectal cancer and the progress in research of interventional strategies for ICI resistance, aiming to provide new ideas for the solution of the problem of clinical drug resistance to ICIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Qi Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210017, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hei-Ying Jin
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210017, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jun Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210017, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lei Shu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210017, Jiangsu Province, China
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Zhou LF, Liao HY, Han Y, Zhao Y. The use of organoids in creating immune microenvironments and treating gynecological tumors. J Transl Med 2024; 22:856. [PMID: 39313812 PMCID: PMC11421176 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05649-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2024] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Owing to patient-derived tumor tissues and cells, significant advances have been made in personalized cancer treatment and precision medicine, with cancer stem cell-derived three-dimensional tumor organoids serving as crucial in vitro models that accurately replicate the structural, phenotypic, and genetic characteristics of tumors. However, despite their extensive use in drug testing, genome editing, and transplantation for facilitating personalized treatment approaches in clinical practice, the inadequate capacity of these organoids to effectively model immune cells and stromal components within the tumor microenvironment limits their potential. Additionally, effective clinical immunotherapy has led the tumor immune microenvironment to garner considerable attention, increasing the demand for simulating patient-specific tumor-immune interactions. Consequently, co-culture techniques integrating tumor organoids with immune cells and tumor microenvironment constituents have been developed to expand the possibilities for personalized drug response investigations, with recent advancements enhancing the understanding of the strengths, limitations, and applicability of the co-culture approach. Herein, the recent advancements in the field of tumor organoids have been comprehensively reviewed, specifically highlighting the tumor organoid co-culture-related developments with various immune cell models and their implications for clinical research. Furthermore, this review delineates the current state of research and application of organoid models regarding the therapeutic approaches and related challenges for gynecological tumors. This study may provide a theoretical basis for further research on the use of patient-derived organoids in tumor immunity, drug development, and precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Feng Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Gynecologic Oncology Research Office, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Targeted Therapy for Gynecologic Oncology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Higher Education Joint Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, No.63 Duobao Road, Liwan District, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, P.R. China
| | - Hui-Yan Liao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Gynecologic Oncology Research Office, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Targeted Therapy for Gynecologic Oncology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Higher Education Joint Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, No.63 Duobao Road, Liwan District, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, P.R. China
| | - Yang Han
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Gynecologic Oncology Research Office, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Targeted Therapy for Gynecologic Oncology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Higher Education Joint Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, No.63 Duobao Road, Liwan District, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, P.R. China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Gynecologic Oncology Research Office, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Targeted Therapy for Gynecologic Oncology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Higher Education Joint Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, No.63 Duobao Road, Liwan District, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, P.R. China.
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Wang YG, Wang DH, Wei WH, Xiong X, Wu JJ, Han ZY, Cheng LX. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells alleviate adverse ventricular remodeling after acute myocardial infarction. Mol Cell Biochem 2024:10.1007/s11010-024-05112-y. [PMID: 39264395 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-024-05112-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
The fundamental pathophysiological mechanism in the progression of chronic heart failure following acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is ventricular remodeling, in which innate and adaptive immunity both play critical roles. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) have been demonstrated to function in a range of pathological conditions, such as infections, inflammation, autoimmune diseases, and tumors. However, it is unclear how MDSCs contribute to cardiac remodeling following AMI. This study aimed to identify the function and underlying mechanism of MDSCs in controlling cardiac remodeling following AMI. Following AMI in mice, MDSCs frequencies changed dynamically, considerably increased on day 7 in blood, spleens, lymph nodes and hearts, and decreased afterwards. Consistently, mice with AMI displayed enhanced cardiac function on day 14 post-AMI, reduced infract size and higher survival rates on day 28 post-AMI following the adoptive transfer of MDSCs. Furthermore, MDSCs inhibited the inflammatory response by decreasing pro-inflammatory cytokine (TNF-α, IL-17, Cxcl-1, and Cxcl-2) expression, up-regulating anti-inflammatory cytokine (TGF-β1, IL-10, IL-4, and IL-13) expression, reducing CD3+ T cell infiltration in the infarcted heart and enhancing M2 macrophage polarization. Mechanistically, MDSCs improved the release of anti-inflammatory factors (TGF-β1 and IL-10) and decreased the injury of LPS-induced cardiomyocytes in vitro in a manner dependent on cell-cell contact. Importantly, blockade of IL-10 partially abolished the cardioprotective role of MDSCs. This study found that MDSCs contributed to the restoration of cardiac function and alleviation of adverse cardiac remodeling after AMI possibly by inhibiting inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ge Wang
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 Jianshe Dong Road, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Ding-Hang Wang
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Immunology, Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jie-Fang Avenue 1277#, Wuhan, China
- Department of Emergency, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wen-Hui Wei
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Xiong
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing-Jing Wu
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Immunology, Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jie-Fang Avenue 1277#, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhan-Ying Han
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 Jianshe Dong Road, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Long-Xian Cheng
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Immunology, Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jie-Fang Avenue 1277#, Wuhan, China.
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Wang Y, Li S, Wang W. The ubiquitin-proteasome system in the tumor immune microenvironment: a key force in combination therapy. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1436174. [PMID: 39315102 PMCID: PMC11416925 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1436174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) plays a crucial role in modulating the proliferation, activation, and normal functioning of immune cells through the regulation of protein degradation and function. By influencing the expression of immune checkpoint-associated proteins, the UPS modulates T cell-mediated anti-tumor immune responses and can potentially facilitate the immune escape of tumor cells. Additionally, the UPS contributes to the remodeling of the tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment (TIME) by regulating B cells, dendritic cells (DCs), macrophages, and Treg cells. Targeting the UPS in conjunction with immune checkpoint-associated proteins, and combining these with other therapeutic approaches, may significantly enhance the efficacy of combination therapies and pave the way for novel cancer treatment strategies. In this review, we first summarize the composition and alterations of the TIME, with a particular emphasis on the role of the UPS in TIME and its interactions with various immune cell types. Finally, we explore the potential of combining UPS-targeted therapies with immunotherapy to substantially improve the effectiveness of immunotherapy and enhance patient survival outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongmei Wang
- Breast Disease Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Saisai Li
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Wenqin Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
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Cortellino S, D'Angelo M, Quintiliani M, Giordano A. Cancer knocks you out by fasting: Cachexia as a consequence of metabolic alterations in cancer. J Cell Physiol 2024:e31417. [PMID: 39245862 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024]
Abstract
Neoplastic transformation reprograms tumor and surrounding host cell metabolism, increasing nutrient consumption and depletion in the tumor microenvironment. Tumors uptake nutrients from neighboring normal tissues or the bloodstream to meet energy and anabolic demands. Tumor-induced chronic inflammation, a high-energy process, also consumes nutrients to sustain its dysfunctional activities. These tumor-related metabolic and physiological changes, including chronic inflammation, negatively impact systemic metabolism and physiology. Furthermore, the adverse effects of antitumor therapy and tumor obstruction impair the endocrine, neural, and gastrointestinal systems, thereby confounding the systemic status of patients. These alterations result in decreased appetite, impaired nutrient absorption, inflammation, and shift from anabolic to catabolic metabolism. Consequently, cancer patients often suffer from malnutrition, which worsens prognosis and increases susceptibility to secondary adverse events. This review explores how neoplastic transformation affects tumor and microenvironment metabolism and inflammation, leading to poor prognosis, and discusses potential strategies and clinical interventions to improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Cortellino
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Responsible Research Hospital, Campobasso, Italy
- Scuola Superiore Meridionale (SSM), School for Advanced Studies, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
- SHRO Italia Foundation ETS, Candiolo, Turin, Italy
| | - Margherita D'Angelo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Giordano
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
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11
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Jangid AK, Kim K. Phenylboronic acid-functionalized biomaterials for improved cancer immunotherapy via sialic acid targeting. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 333:103301. [PMID: 39260104 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2024.103301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 09/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
Phenylboronic acid (PBA) is recognized as one of the most promising cancer cell binding modules attributed to its potential to form reversible and dynamic boronic ester covalent bonds. Exploring the advanced chemical versatility of PBA is crucial for developing new anticancer therapeutics. The presence of a specific Lewis acidic boron atom-based functional group and a Π-ring-connected ring has garnered increasing interest in the field of cancer immunotherapy. PBA-derivatized functional biomaterials can form reversible bonds with diols containing cell surface markers and proteins. This review primarily focuses on the following topics: (1) the importance and versatility of PBA, (2) different PBA derivatives with pKa values, (3) specific key features of PBA-mediated biomaterials, and (4) cell surface activity for cancer immunotherapy applications. Specific key features of PBA-mediated materials, including sensing, bioadhesion, and gelation, along with important synthesis strategies, are highlighted. The utilization of PBA-mediated biomaterials for cancer immunotherapy, especially the role of PBA-based nanoparticles and PBA-mediated cell-based therapeutics, is also discussed. Finally, a perspective on future research based on PBA-biomaterials for immunotherapy applications is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Kumar Jangid
- Department of Chemical & Biochemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyobum Kim
- Department of Chemical & Biochemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul, South Korea.
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12
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Zhang H, Li S, Wang D, Liu S, Xiao T, Gu W, Yang H, Wang H, Yang M, Chen P. Metabolic reprogramming and immune evasion: the interplay in the tumor microenvironment. Biomark Res 2024; 12:96. [PMID: 39227970 PMCID: PMC11373140 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-024-00646-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumor cells possess complex immune evasion mechanisms to evade immune system attacks, primarily through metabolic reprogramming, which significantly alters the tumor microenvironment (TME) to modulate immune cell functions. When a tumor is sufficiently immunogenic, it can activate cytotoxic T-cells to target and destroy it. However, tumors adapt by manipulating their metabolic pathways, particularly glucose, amino acid, and lipid metabolism, to create an immunosuppressive TME that promotes immune escape. These metabolic alterations impact the function and differentiation of non-tumor cells within the TME, such as inhibiting effector T-cell activity while expanding regulatory T-cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Additionally, these changes lead to an imbalance in cytokine and chemokine secretion, further enhancing the immunosuppressive landscape. Emerging research is increasingly focusing on the regulatory roles of non-tumor cells within the TME, evaluating how their reprogrammed glucose, amino acid, and lipid metabolism influence their functional changes and ultimately aid in tumor immune evasion. Despite our incomplete understanding of the intricate metabolic interactions between tumor and non-tumor cells, the connection between these elements presents significant challenges for cancer immunotherapy. This review highlights the impact of altered glucose, amino acid, and lipid metabolism in the TME on the metabolism and function of non-tumor cells, providing new insights that could facilitate the development of novel cancer immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixia Zhang
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shizhen Li
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Siyang Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Tengfei Xiao
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Wangning Gu
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Hongmin Yang
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Hui Wang
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha, China.
| | - Minghua Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Pan Chen
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha, China.
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13
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Wu X, Zhong L, Yu J, Wang N, Bu S, Wang H, Zhang J, Luo X, Liu Y, Nie C. MDSCs promote pathological angiogenesis in ocular neovascular disease. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 178:117222. [PMID: 39088968 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ocular neovascular diseases, which contribute significantly to vision loss, lack effective preventive treatments. Recent studies have highlighted the significant involvement of immune cells in neovascular retinopathy. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) promote the development of neovascularization, but it is unknown whether they participate in pathological neovascularization and whether they are expected to be a therapeutic target. METHOD We investigated the role of MDSCs in promoting pathological angiogenesis using an oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) model, employing flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, and smart-seq analysis. Then, we evaluated the proportion of MDSCs in patient blood samples using flow cytometry. Additionally, we assessed the effect of MDSC depletion using an anti-Gr-1 monoclonal antibody on retinal vasculopathy and alterations in retinal microglia. RESULTS In the OIR model, an elevated ratio of MDSCs was observed in both blood and retinal tissue during phase II (Neovascularization). The depletion of MDSCs resulted in reduced retinal neovascularization and vaso-obliteration, along with a decrease in microglia within the neovascularization area. Furthermore, analysis of gene transcripts associated with MDSCs indicated activation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) regulation and inflammation. Importantly, infants with ROP exhibited a higher proportion of MDSCs in their blood samples. CONCLUSION Our results suggested that excessive MDSCs represent an unrecognized feature of ocular neovascular diseases and be responsible for the retinal vascular inflammation and angiogenesis, providing opportunities for new therapeutic approaches to ocular neovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Wu
- Neonatology Department, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, China; National Key Clinical Specialty Construction Project/Guangdong Neonatal ICU Medical Quality Control Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, China; Center for Medical Research on Innovation and Translation, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, the Second Affiliated Hospital of South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510005, China
| | - Limei Zhong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510317, China
| | - Jun Yu
- Center for Medical Research on Innovation and Translation, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, the Second Affiliated Hospital of South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510005, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Neonatology Department, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, China; National Key Clinical Specialty Construction Project/Guangdong Neonatal ICU Medical Quality Control Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, China
| | - Shimiao Bu
- Center for Medical Research on Innovation and Translation, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, the Second Affiliated Hospital of South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510005, China
| | - Huijuan Wang
- Center for Medical Research on Innovation and Translation, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, the Second Affiliated Hospital of South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510005, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, China
| | - Xianqiong Luo
- Neonatology Department, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, China; National Key Clinical Specialty Construction Project/Guangdong Neonatal ICU Medical Quality Control Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, China
| | - Yufeng Liu
- Center for Medical Research on Innovation and Translation, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, the Second Affiliated Hospital of South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510005, China.
| | - Chuan Nie
- Neonatology Department, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, China; National Key Clinical Specialty Construction Project/Guangdong Neonatal ICU Medical Quality Control Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, China.
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14
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Zhang Z, Chen Z, Que Z, Fang Z, Zhu H, Tian J. Chinese Medicines and Natural Medicine as Immunotherapeutic Agents for Gastric Cancer: Recent Advances. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2024; 7:e2134. [PMID: 39233637 PMCID: PMC11375283 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.2134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUD According to the 2020 statistics from the World Health Organization's International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), it is projected that there will be over 1 million new cases of gastric cancer (GC) patients worldwide in 2020, resulting in approximately 770 000 deaths. Gastric cancer ranks fifth in terms of incidence rate and forth in death rate among malignant tumors. Despite advancements in early diagnostic techniques, the incidence of GC has exhibited a marginal decline; nevertheless, the mortality rate remains elevated for advanced inoperable patients with no currently available efficacious treatment options. RECENT FINDING Chinese medicine (CM) has emerged as an efficacious treatment for GC, gradually gaining acceptance and widespread usage in China. It exhibits distinctive advantages in the prevention and treatment of metastasis. CM and natural medicine possess the ability to elicit antitumor effects by augmenting immune cell population, enhancing immune cell activity, and improving the tumor immune microenvironment. CMs and natural remedies encompass a diverse range of types, characterized by multiple targets, pathways, and extensive pharmacological effects. Consequently, they have become a prominent research area among oncologists worldwide. Numerous studies have demonstrated that CM and natural medicine can directly or indirectly enhance innate immune system components (including macrophages, natural killer cells, and myeloid suppressor cells), adaptive immune system elements (such as T lymphocytes and regulatory T cells), relevant cytokines (e.g., IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, TNF-α), and PD-1/PD-L1 axis regulation, thereby bolstering the cytotoxicity of immune cells against tumor cells. CONCLUSIONS This ultimately leads to an improved tumor immune microenvironment facilitating superior antitumor efficacy. This paper critically examines the role of CM and natural medicine in regulating immunotherapy for GC, aiming to establish a new theoretical framework for the clinical treatment and prevention of gastric cancer within the realm of CM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Zhang
- Institute of Oncology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), Shanghai, China
| | - Ziqi Chen
- Institute of Oncology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), Shanghai, China
- Laboratory Center, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zujun Que
- Institute of Oncology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), Shanghai, China
| | - Zhihong Fang
- Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huirong Zhu
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianhui Tian
- Institute of Oncology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), Shanghai, China
- Clinical Oncology Center, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of TCM, Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai, China
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15
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Zeng W, Liu H, Mao Y, Jiang S, Yi H, Zhang Z, Wang M, Zong Z. Myeloid‑derived suppressor cells: Key immunosuppressive regulators and therapeutic targets in colorectal cancer (Review). Int J Oncol 2024; 65:85. [PMID: 39054950 PMCID: PMC11299769 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2024.5673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Globally, colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common type of cancer. CRC has no apparent symptoms in the early stages of disease, and most patients receive a confirmed diagnosis in the middle or late disease stages. The incidence of CRC continues to increase, and the affected population tends to be younger. Therefore, determining how to achieve an early CRC diagnosis and treatment has become a top priority for prolonging patient survival. Myeloid‑derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a group of bone marrow‑derived immuno‑negative regulatory cells that are divided into two subpopulations, polymorphonuclear‑MDSCs and monocytic‑MDSCs, based on their phenotypic similarities to neutrophils and monocytes, respectively. These cells can inhibit the immune response and promote cancer cell metastasis in the tumour microenvironment (TME). A large aggregation of MDSCs in the TME is often a marker of cancer and a poor prognosis in inflammatory diseases of the intestine (such as colonic adenoma and ulcerative colitis). In the present review, the phenotypic classification of MDSCs in the CRC microenvironment are first discussed. Then, the amplification, role and metastatic mechanism of MDSCs in the CRC TME are described, focusing on genes, gene modifications, proteins and the intestinal microenvironment. Finally, the progress in CRC‑targeted therapies that aim to modulate the quantity, function and structure of MDSCs are summarized in the hope of identifying potential screening markers for CRC and improving CRC prognosis and therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Zeng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
- HuanKui Academy, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Haohan Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Yuanhao Mao
- Fuzhou Medical College, Nanchang University, Fuzhou, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Shihao Jiang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Hao Yi
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Zitong Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
- HuanKui Academy, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Menghui Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
- HuanKui Academy, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Zong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
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16
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Liu J, Bai Y, Li Y, Li X, Luo K. Reprogramming the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment through nanomedicine: an immunometabolism perspective. EBioMedicine 2024; 107:105301. [PMID: 39178747 PMCID: PMC11388279 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.105301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that immunotherapy is hindered by a hostile tumor microenvironment (TME) featured with deprivation of critical nutrients and pooling of immunosuppressive metabolites. Tumor cells and immunosuppressive cells outcompete immune effector cells for essential nutrients. Meanwhile, a wide range of tumor cell-derived toxic metabolites exerts negative impacts on anti-tumor immune response, diminishing the efficacy of immunotherapy. Nanomedicine with excellent targetability offers a novel approach to improving cancer immunotherapy via metabolically reprogramming the immunosuppressive TME. Herein, we review recent strategies of enhancing immunotherapeutic effects through rewiring tumor metabolism via nanomedicine. Attention is drawn on immunometabolic tactics for immune cells and stromal cells in the TME via nanomedicine. Additionally, we discuss future directions of developing metabolism-regulating nanomedicine for precise and efficacious cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieyu Liu
- Department of Radiology, Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yinan Bai
- Department of Radiology, Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yinggang Li
- Department of Radiology, Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiaoling Li
- Department of Radiology, Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Kui Luo
- Department of Radiology, Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China; Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, NHC, and Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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17
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Wang S, Guo S, Guo J, Du Q, Wu C, Wu Y, Zhang Y. Cell death pathways: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets for cancer. MedComm (Beijing) 2024; 5:e693. [PMID: 39239068 PMCID: PMC11374700 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Cell death regulation is essential for tissue homeostasis and its dysregulation often underlies cancer development. Understanding the different pathways of cell death can provide novel therapeutic strategies for battling cancer. This review explores several key cell death mechanisms of apoptosis, necroptosis, autophagic cell death, ferroptosis, and pyroptosis. The research gap addressed involves a thorough analysis of how these cell death pathways can be precisely targeted for cancer therapy, considering tumor heterogeneity and adaptation. It delves into genetic and epigenetic factors and signaling cascades like the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K/AKT/mTOR) and mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MAPK/ERK) pathways, which are critical for the regulation of cell death. Additionally, the interaction of the microenvironment with tumor cells, and particularly the influence of hypoxia, nutrient deprivation, and immune cellular interactions, are explored. Emphasizing therapeutic strategies, this review highlights emerging modulators and inducers such as B cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2) homology domain 3 (BH3) mimetics, tumour necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), chloroquine, and innovative approaches to induce ferroptosis and pyroptosis. This review provides insights into cancer therapy's future direction, focusing on multifaceted approaches to influence cell death pathways and circumvent drug resistance. This examination of evolving strategies underlines the considerable clinical potential and the continuous necessity for in-depth exploration within this scientific domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaohui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Ethnic Medicine Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu China
| | - Sa Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu China
| | - Jing Guo
- College of Clinical Medicine Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu China
| | - Qinyun Du
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu China
| | - Cen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu China
| | - Yeke Wu
- College of Clinical Medicine Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu China
| | - Yi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Ethnic Medicine Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu China
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18
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Hong Z, Liu F, Zhang Z. Ubiquitin modification in the regulation of tumor immunotherapy resistance mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets. Exp Hematol Oncol 2024; 13:91. [PMID: 39223632 PMCID: PMC11367865 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-024-00552-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Although immune checkpoint-based cancer immunotherapy has shown significant efficacy in various cancers, resistance still limits its therapeutic effects. Ubiquitination modification is a mechanism that adds different types of ubiquitin chains to proteins, mediating protein degradation or altering their function, thereby affecting cellular signal transduction. Increasing evidence suggests that ubiquitination modification plays a crucial role in regulating the mechanisms of resistance to cancer immunotherapy. Drugs targeting ubiquitination modification pathways have been shown to inhibit tumor progression or enhance the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy. This review elaborates on the mechanisms by which tumor cells, immune cells, and the tumor microenvironment mediate resistance to cancer immunotherapy and the details of how ubiquitination modification regulates these mechanisms, providing a foundation for enhancing the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy by intervening in ubiquitination modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihang Hong
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Hubei Province for the Clinical Medicine Research Center of Hepatic Surgery, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Furong Liu
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Hubei Province for the Clinical Medicine Research Center of Hepatic Surgery, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China.
| | - Zhanguo Zhang
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Hubei Province for the Clinical Medicine Research Center of Hepatic Surgery, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China.
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Myrda J, Bremm F, Schaft N, Dörrie J. The Role of the Large T Antigen in the Molecular Pathogenesis of Merkel Cell Carcinoma. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:1127. [PMID: 39336718 PMCID: PMC11431464 DOI: 10.3390/genes15091127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2024] [Revised: 08/20/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
The large T antigen (LT) of the Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) is crucial for Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC), a rare but very aggressive form of neuroendocrine skin cancer. The clonal integration of MCPyV DNA into the host genome is a signature event of this malignancy. The resulting expression of oncogenes, including the small T (sT) antigen and a truncated form of the LT (truncLT), directly contribute to carcinogenesis. The truncation of the C-terminus of LT prevents the virus from replicating due to the loss of the origin binding domain (OBD) and the helicase domain. This precludes cytopathic effects that would lead to DNA damage and ultimately cell death. At the same time, the LxCxE motif in the N-terminus is retained, allowing truncLT to bind the retinoblastoma protein (pRb), a cellular tumor suppressor. The continuously inactivated pRb promotes cell proliferation and tumor development. truncLT exerts several classical functions of an oncogene: altering the host cell cycle, suppressing innate immune responses to viral DNA, causing immune escape, and shifting metabolism in favor of cancer cells. Given its central role in MCC, the LT is a major target for therapeutic interventions with novel approaches, such as immune checkpoint inhibition, T cell-based immunotherapy, and cancer vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Myrda
- Department of Dermatology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen European Metropolitan Area of Nuremberg (CCC ER-EMN), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Bavarian Cancer Research Center (BZKF), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Franziska Bremm
- Department of Dermatology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen European Metropolitan Area of Nuremberg (CCC ER-EMN), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Bavarian Cancer Research Center (BZKF), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Niels Schaft
- Department of Dermatology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen European Metropolitan Area of Nuremberg (CCC ER-EMN), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Bavarian Cancer Research Center (BZKF), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jan Dörrie
- Department of Dermatology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen European Metropolitan Area of Nuremberg (CCC ER-EMN), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Bavarian Cancer Research Center (BZKF), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
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Arshi A, Mahmoudi E, Raeisi F, Dehghan Tezerjani M, Bahramian E, Ahmed Y, Peng C. Exploring potential roles of long non-coding RNAs in cancer immunotherapy: a comprehensive review. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1446937. [PMID: 39257589 PMCID: PMC11384988 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1446937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer treatment has long been fraught with challenges, including drug resistance, metastasis, and recurrence, making it one of the most difficult diseases to treat effectively. Traditional therapeutic approaches often fall short due to their inability to target cancer stem cells and the complex genetic and epigenetic landscape of tumors. In recent years, cancer immunotherapy has revolutionized the field, offering new hope and viable alternatives to conventional treatments. A particularly promising area of research focuses on non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), especially long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and their role in cancer resistance and the modulation of signaling pathways. To address these challenges, we performed a comprehensive review of recent studies on lncRNAs and their impact on cancer immunotherapy. Our review highlights the crucial roles that lncRNAs play in affecting both innate and adaptive immunity, thereby influencing the outcomes of cancer treatments. Key observations from our review indicate that lncRNAs can modify the tumor immune microenvironment, enhance immune cell infiltration, and regulate cytokine production, all of which contribute to tumor growth and resistance to therapies. These insights suggest that lncRNAs could serve as potential targets for precision medicine, opening up new avenues for developing more effective cancer immunotherapies. By compiling recent research on lncRNAs across various cancers, this review aims to shed light on their mechanisms within the tumor immune microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asghar Arshi
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Esmaeil Mahmoudi
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | | | - Masoud Dehghan Tezerjani
- Department of bioinformatics, School of Advanced Medical Technologies, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Elham Bahramian
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Yeasin Ahmed
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Chun Peng
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
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21
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Zeng X, Lu Z, Dai C, Su H, Liu Z, Cheng S. Establish TIIC signature score based the machine learning fusion in bladder cancer. Discov Oncol 2024; 15:368. [PMID: 39186114 PMCID: PMC11347539 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-024-01187-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bladder cancer is a prevalent malignant tumor with high heterogeneity. Current treatments, such as transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) and intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) therapy, still have limitations, with approximately 30% of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) progressing to muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC), and a substantial number of MIBC patients experiencing recurrence after surgery. Immunotherapy has shown potential benefits, but accurate prediction of its prognostic effects remains challenging. METHODS We analyzed bladder cancer RNA-seq data and clinical information from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases, and used various machine learning algorithms to screen for feature RNAs related to tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIICs) from single-cell data. Based on these RNAs, we established a TIIC signature score and evaluated its relationship with overall survival (OS) and immunotherapy response in bladder cancer patients. RESULTS The study identified 171 TIIC-RNAs and selected 11 TIIC-RNAs with prognostic value through survival analysis. The TIIC signature score established using a machine learning fusion method was significantly associated with OS and showed good predictive performance in different datasets. Additionally, the signature score was negatively correlated with immunotherapy response, with patients with low TIIC feature scores showing better survival outcomes after immunotherapy. Further biological functional analysis revealed a close association between the TIIC signature score and immune regulation processes, cellular metabolism, and genetic variations. CONCLUSION This study successfully constructed and validated an RNA signature scoring system based on tumor-infiltrating immune cell (TIIC) features, which can effectively predict OS and the effectiveness of immunotherapy in bladder cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangju Zeng
- Department of Outpatient, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Zhijie Lu
- Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Caixia Dai
- Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Hao Su
- Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Ziqi Liu
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shunhua Cheng
- Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
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22
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Liu K, Du S, Yang J, Li J, Wang S, Zhang Z, Luo W, Chen C, Yang J, Han X. Engineered bacterial membrane vesicle as safe and efficient nano-heaters to reprogram tumor microenvironment for enhanced immunotherapy. J Control Release 2024; 374:127-139. [PMID: 39122216 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 08/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
The immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) in solid tumors often impedes the efficacy of immunotherapy. Bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), as a promising cancer vaccine that can potently stimulate immune responses, have garnered interest as a potential platform for cancer therapy. However, the low yield of OMVs limits their utilization. To address this limitation, we developed a novel approach to synthesize OMV-like multifunctional synthetic bacterial vesicles (SBVs) by pretreating bacteria with ampicillin and lysing them through sonication. Compared to OMVs, the yield of SBVs increased by 40 times. Additionally, the unique synthesis process of SBVs allows for the encapsulation of bacterial intracellular contents, endowing SBVs with the capability of delivering catalase (CAT) for tumor hypoxia relief and activating the host cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)/stimulator of interferon genes (STING) signaling pathway. To overcome the toxicity of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on the SBVs surface, we decorated SBVs with a biocompatible polydopamine (PDA) shell, which allowed TME reprogramming using SBVs to be conducted without adverse side effects. Additionally, the photosensitizer indocyanine green (ICG) was loaded into the PDA shell to induce immunogenic cell death and further improve the efficacy of immunotherapy. In summary, the SBVs-based therapeutic platform SBV@PDA/ICG (SBV@P/I) can synergistically elicit safe and potent tumor-specific antitumor responses through combined immunotherapy and phototherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunguo Liu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, School of Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shiyu Du
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jiawei Yang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, School of Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Juanjuan Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, School of Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shijie Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, School of Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhibin Zhang
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wen Luo
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Chao Chen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, School of Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jingjing Yang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, School of Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Xin Han
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, School of Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
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23
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Li X, Chen Y, Liang Y, Shi W. 5-Fluorouracil resistance due to sphingosine kinase 2 overexpression in colorectal cancer is associated with myeloid-derived suppressor cell-mediated immunosuppressive effects. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:983. [PMID: 39118083 PMCID: PMC11313101 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-12742-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the top five cancer-related causes of mortality globally. Acquired resistance has hindered the effectiveness of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), the main chemotherapeutic drug used to treat CRC. Sphingosine kinase 2 (SphK2) may be a cancer treatment target and involved in 5-FU resistance. METHODS Cell growth was examined using MTT and clone formation assays for SphK2 expression. To identify immune cells in mice, flow cytometry was performed. West blotting demonstrated alterations in cell division and inflammation-related proteins. SphK2 levels and inflammation-related variables were studied using Elisa. RESULTS Due to SphK2 overexpression, immunosuppression, and 5-FU resistance are caused by the development of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) subsequent to IL-6/STAT3 activation and alterations in the arginase (ARG-1) protein. After therapy, the combination of SphK2 inhibitors and 5-FU can effectively suppress MDSCs while increasing CD4+ and CD8+ T cell infiltration into the tumor microenvironment, lowering tumor burden, and exhibiting a therapeutic impact on CRC. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that 5-FU treatment combined with simultaneous Spkh2 inhibition by ABC294640 has anti-tumor synergistic effects by influencing multiple effects on tumor cells, T cells, and MDSCs, potentially improving the poor prognosis of colorectal cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuyun Li
- Maternal and Child Health Development Research Center, Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Jinan, China
| | - Yungao Chen
- Human Resources Department, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Yulin Liang
- School of Nursing, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wenna Shi
- Department of Pharmacy and Shandong Provincial key Traditional Chinese Medical Discipline of Clinical Chinese pharmacy, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China.
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24
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Souza IDF, Vieira JPDJ, Bonifácio ED, Avelar Freitas BAD, Torres LAG. The Microenvironment of Solid Tumors: Components and Current Challenges of Tumor-on-a-Chip Models. TISSUE ENGINEERING. PART B, REVIEWS 2024. [PMID: 39007523 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2024.0088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Solid tumors represent the most common type of cancer in humans and are classified into sarcomas, lymphomas, and carcinomas based on the originating cells. Among these, carcinomas, which arise from epithelial and glandular cells lining the body's tissues, are the most prevalent. Around the world, a significant increase in the incidence of solid tumors is observed during recent years. In this context, efforts to discover more effective cancer treatments have led to a deeper understanding of the tumor microenvironment (TME) and its components. Currently, the interactions between cancer cells and elements of the TME are being intensely investigated. Remarkable progress in research is noted, largely owing to the development of advanced in vitro models, such as tumor-on-a-chip models that assist in understanding and ultimately discovering new effective treatments for a specific type of cancer. The purpose of this article is to provide a review of the TME and cancer cell components, along with the advances on tumor-on-a-chip models designed to mimic tumors, offering a perspective on the current state of the art. Recent studies using this kind of microdevices that reproduce the TME have allowed a better understanding of the cancer and its treatments. Nevertheless, current applications of this technology present some limitations that must be overcome to achieve a broad application by researchers looking for a deeper knowledge of cancer and new strategies to improve current therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilva de Fátima Souza
- Institute of Science and Technology, Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Diamantina, Brazil
| | - João Paulo de Jesus Vieira
- Institute of Science and Technology, Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Diamantina, Brazil
- School of Medicine, Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Elton Diêgo Bonifácio
- Institute of Science and Technology, Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Bethânia Alves de Avelar Freitas
- Institute of Science and Technology, Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Diamantina, Brazil
- School of Medicine, Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Libardo Andres Gonzalez Torres
- Institute of Science and Technology, Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Diamantina, Brazil
- School of Medicine, Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Diamantina, Brazil
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25
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Chen T, Ma W, Wang X, Ye Q, Hou X, Wang Y, Jiang C, Meng X, Sun Y, Cai J. Insights of immune cell heterogeneity, tumor-initiated subtype transformation, drug resistance, treatment and detecting technologies in glioma microenvironment. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00315-1. [PMID: 39097088 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the gradual understanding of glioma development and the immune microenvironment, many immune cells have been discovered. Despite the growing comprehension of immune cell functions and the clinical application of immunotherapy, the precise roles and characteristics of immune cell subtypes, how glioma induces subtype transformation of immune cells and its impact on glioma progression have yet to be understood. AIM OF THE REVIEW In this review, we comprehensively center on the four major immune cells within the glioma microenvironment, particularly neutrophils, macrophages, lymphocytes, myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), and other significant immune cells. We discuss (1) immune cell subtype markers, (2) glioma-induced immune cell subtype transformation, (3) the mechanisms of each subtype influencing chemotherapy resistance, (4) therapies targeting immune cells, and (5) immune cell-associated single-cell sequencing. Eventually, we identified the characteristics of immune cell subtypes in glioma, comprehensively summarized the exact mechanism of glioma-induced immune cell subtype transformation, and concluded the progress of single-cell sequencing in exploring immune cell subtypes in glioma. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW In conclusion, we have analyzed the mechanism of chemotherapy resistance detailly, and have discovered prospective immunotherapy targets, excavating the potential of novel immunotherapies approach that synergistically combines radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and surgery, thereby paving the way for improved immunotherapeutic strategies against glioma and enhanced patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongzheng Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Wenbin Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Qile Ye
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xintong Hou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yiwei Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Chuanlu Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China; The Six Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiangqi Meng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
| | - Ying Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
| | - Jinquan Cai
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
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26
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Yin Y, Feng W, Chen J, Chen X, Wang G, Wang S, Xu X, Nie Y, Fan D, Wu K, Xia L. Immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment in the progression, metastasis, and therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma: from bench to bedside. Exp Hematol Oncol 2024; 13:72. [PMID: 39085965 PMCID: PMC11292955 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-024-00539-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a highly heterogeneous malignancy with high incidence, recurrence, and metastasis rates. The emergence of immunotherapy has improved the treatment of advanced HCC, but problems such as drug resistance and immune-related adverse events still exist in clinical practice. The immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) of HCC restricts the efficacy of immunotherapy and is essential for HCC progression and metastasis. Therefore, it is necessary to elucidate the mechanisms behind immunosuppressive TME to develop and apply immunotherapy. This review systematically summarizes the pathogenesis of HCC, the formation of the highly heterogeneous TME, and the mechanisms by which the immunosuppressive TME accelerates HCC progression and metastasis. We also review the status of HCC immunotherapy and further discuss the existing challenges and potential therapeutic strategies targeting immunosuppressive TME. We hope to inspire optimizing and innovating immunotherapeutic strategies by comprehensively understanding the structure and function of immunosuppressive TME in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Weibo Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xilang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Guodong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Xiao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Yongzhan Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, China.
| | - Daiming Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, China.
| | - Kaichun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, China.
| | - Limin Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, China.
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, China.
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27
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Pak VN, Sherman IA. Comprehensive approach to cancer immunotherapy - Simultaneous targeting of myeloid-derived suppressor cells and cancer cells with AFP conjugates. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2024; 200:104407. [PMID: 38834093 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2024.104407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The immune system plays a pivotal role in combating diseases, including cancer, with monocytes emerging as key regulators of immune response dynamics. This article describes a novel strategy for cancer treatment centered on depleting myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), to enhance the overall immune response while simultaneously targeting cancer cells directly. Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is an oncofetal protein that plays an important role in delivering nutrients to immature monocytes, embryonic, and cancer cells in a targeted manner. AFP can be repurposed, making it a vehicle for delivering toxins, rather than nutrients to kill cancer cells and deplete MDSCs in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Depleting monocytes not only stimulates the immune system but also improves the lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR), often low in cancer patients. AFP combined with cytotoxic drugs, offers dual benefit-immune stimulation and targeted chemotherapy. Studies in xenograft models demonstrated high efficacy and safety of AFP-toxin conjugates, surpassing conventional targeted chemotherapy. Such conjugates have also been reported to provide superior efficacy and safety in cancer patients compared to chemotherapy. This approach, using AFP conjugated with toxins, either covalently or non-covalently, presents a safe and highly effective option for cancer immuno/chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir N Pak
- Omega Alpha Pharmaceuticals Inc., 795 Pharmacy Avenue, Toronto, On, M1L 3K2 Canada
| | - Igor A Sherman
- Alpha Cancer Technologies Inc., MaRS Discovery District, South Tower 200 - 101 College St., Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada.
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28
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Wu D, Liu Y, Liu J, Ma L, Tong X. Myeloid cell differentiation-related gene signature for predicting clinical outcome, immune microenvironment, and treatment response in lung adenocarcinoma. Sci Rep 2024; 14:17460. [PMID: 39075165 PMCID: PMC11286868 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-68111-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Considering the key role of myeloid cell differentiation-related genes in the tumor microenvironment (TME), we aimed to build a prognostic risk model using these genes for Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). The mRNA gene expression profiles of LUAD patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases were downloaded as the training and validation sets. Then, "edgeR" R package was applied to screen out the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and univariate cox regression, backward stepwise selection analyses were performed to construct a prognostic model for LUAD. ESTIMATE, TIMER, XCELL, CIBERSORT abs, QUANTISEQ, MCPCOUNTER, EPIC, and CIBERSORT algorithms were conducted to access the association of risk levels with the stromal and immune cell infiltration levels in LUAD. Six genes (F2RL1, PRKDC, TNFSF11, INHA, PLA2G3 and TUBB1) were utilized to construct the prognostic model. The risk model showed excellent prognostic performance for LUAD in both TCGA and GEO datasets. Also, compared to the low-risk patients, the high-risk patients had higher expression of immune checkpoint molecules and showed a lower IC50 value to the chemotherapy agents. Our findings provided a myeloid cell differentiation-related gene signature that could effectively predict prognosis and guide treatment strategies for LUAD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wu
- Experimental Research Center, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, 201700, China
| | - Yibing Liu
- Experimental Research Center, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, 201700, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Ma
- Experimental Research Center, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, 201700, China
| | - Xiaoxia Tong
- Experimental Research Center, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, 201700, China.
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29
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Yu VZ, So SS, Lung BCC, Hou GZ, Wong CWY, Chow LKY, Chung MKY, Wong IYH, Wong CLY, Chan DKK, Chan FSY, Law BTT, Xu K, Tan ZZ, Lam KO, Lo AWI, Lam AKY, Kwong DLW, Ko JMY, Dai W, Law S, Lung ML. ΔNp63-restricted viral mimicry response impedes cancer cell viability and remodels tumor microenvironment in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Lett 2024; 595:216999. [PMID: 38823762 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Tumor protein p63 isoform ΔNp63 plays roles in the squamous epithelium and squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs), including esophageal SCC (ESCC). By integrating data from cell lines and our latest patient-derived organoid cultures, derived xenograft models, and clinical sample transcriptomic analyses, we identified a novel and robust oncogenic role of ΔNp63 in ESCC. We showed that ΔNp63 maintains the repression of cancer cell endogenous retrotransposon expression and cellular double-stranded RNA sensing. These subsequently lead to a restricted cancer cell viral mimicry response and suppressed induction of tumor-suppressive type I interferon (IFN-I) signaling through the regulations of Signal transducer and activator of transcription 1, Interferon regulatory factor 1, and cGAS-STING pathway. The cancer cell ΔNp63/IFN-I signaling axis affects both the cancer cell and tumor-infiltrating immune cell (TIIC) compartments. In cancer cells, depletion of ΔNp63 resulted in reduced cell viability. ΔNp63 expression is negatively associated with the anticancer responses to viral mimicry booster treatments targeting cancer cells. In the tumor microenvironment, cancer cell TP63 expression negatively correlates with multiple TIIC signatures in ESCC clinical samples. ΔNp63 depletion leads to increased cancer cell antigen presentation molecule expression and enhanced recruitment and reprogramming of tumor-infiltrating myeloid cells. Similar IFN-I signaling and TIIC signature association with ΔNp63 were also observed in lung SCC. These results support the potential application of ΔNp63 as a therapeutic target and a biomarker to guide candidate anticancer treatments exploring viral mimicry responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valen Zhuoyou Yu
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Centre of Cancer Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Shan Shan So
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Centre of Cancer Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Bryan Chee-Chad Lung
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Centre of Cancer Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - George Zhaozheng Hou
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Centre of Cancer Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Carissa Wing-Yan Wong
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Centre of Cancer Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Larry Ka-Yue Chow
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Centre of Cancer Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Michael King-Yung Chung
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Centre of Cancer Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Ian Yu-Hong Wong
- Department of Surgery, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Claudia Lai-Yin Wong
- Department of Surgery, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Desmond Kwan-Kit Chan
- Department of Surgery, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Fion Siu-Yin Chan
- Department of Surgery, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Betty Tsz-Ting Law
- Department of Surgery, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Kaiyan Xu
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Centre of Cancer Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Zack Zhen Tan
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Centre of Cancer Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Ka-On Lam
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Centre of Cancer Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Anthony Wing-Ip Lo
- Division of Anatomical Pathology, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Alfred King-Yin Lam
- Divsion of Cancer Molecular Pathology, School of Medicine and Dentistry and Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Dora Lai-Wan Kwong
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Centre of Cancer Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Josephine Mun-Yee Ko
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Centre of Cancer Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Wei Dai
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Centre of Cancer Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Simon Law
- Department of Surgery, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Maria Li Lung
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Centre of Cancer Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
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Abunawas D, Abbasy A, Afifi M, Moaaz M, Kamal A, Awaad A, Elsherbini B. MYELOID-DERIVED SUPPRESSOR CELLS TWO YEARS AFTER HEPATITIS C VIRUS ERADICATION USING DIRECTLY ACTING ANTIVIRALS. ARQUIVOS DE GASTROENTEROLOGIA 2024; 61:e24004. [PMID: 39046003 DOI: 10.1590/s0004-2803.24612024-004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) have immature morphology, relatively weak phagocytic activity, as well as some immunosuppressive functions. The capacity of MDSCs to inhibit T-cell-mediated immunological responses is their most notable functional characteristic. Down-regulating antitumor immune surveillance is one way that the expansion and activation of MDSCs contribute significantly to the occurrence and progression of tumors. Increased levels of MDSCs in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection could suppress T-cell responses, promoting viral escape and hepatitis progression. This may make HCV-infected individuals more vulnerable to severe infections, hepatic and extra-hepatic tumors, and a diminished capacity to react to immunization. It is still unknown if effective HCV eradication with directly acting antivirals (DAAs) can restore immune functions and immune surveillance capacity. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to observe the frequency of M-MDSCs (CD33+, CD11b+, and HLA-DR) in patients with a previous history of HCV, 2-3 years after virus eradication using DAA therapy. METHODS This study was conducted on 110 subjects: fifty-five subjects without liver cirrhosis who were treated with HCV using DAAs and attained SVR for a period of 2-3 years and 55 age- and gender-matched healthy controls. The study was conducted during the period from January to July 2022. Patients were recruited from the National Viral Hepatitis Treatment Unit, Alexandria University Hepatology outpatient clinic, and the Alexandria University Tropical Medicine outpatient clinic. The frequencies of MDSCs (CD33+CD11b + HLA-DR-) by flow cytometry were assessed. RESULTS Even after the virus had been eradicated for longer than two years, MDSC levels in HCV-treated individuals were found to be considerably higher. In the HCV-treated group, the median number of MDSCs was 5, with an interquartile range (IQR) of 3.79-7.69. In contrast, the median for the control group was 3.1, with an IQR of 1.4-3.2 (P˂0.001). CONCLUSION Successful DAA therapy leads to slow and partial immunological reconstitution, as demonstrated by the failure to attain normal levels of MDSC's 2 years after successful HCV eradication despite the normalization of laboratory parameters as well as the absence of liver fibrosis. The clinical implications of these findings should be thoroughly studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dania Abunawas
- Academic fellow, Immunology and Allergy department, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Amany Abbasy
- Lecturer of Tropical Medicine, Tropical Medicine department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Afifi
- Professor of Microbiology and Immunology, Allergy and Immunology department, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mai Moaaz
- Professor of Immunology and Allergy, Immunology and Allergy department, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Kamal
- Lecturer of Internal Medicine and Hepatology, Internal Medicine department, Hepatology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ashraf Awaad
- Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Basem Elsherbini
- Lecturer of Immunology and Allergy, Immunology and Allergy department, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Xu DM, Chen LX, Zhuang XY, Han H, Mo M. Advances in molecular basis of response to immunotherapy for penile cancer: better screening of responders. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1394260. [PMID: 39087027 PMCID: PMC11288821 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1394260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Penile cancer is a rare malignant tumor of the male urinary system. The treatment benefit of standard first-line chemotherapy is not ideal for patients with locally advanced or metastatic lymph nodes. Immunotherapy has brought new treatment strategies and opportunities for patients with penile cancer. At present, clinical studies on immunotherapy for penile cancer have been reported, and the results show that it is effective but not conclusive. With the development of immunotherapy and the progress of molecular research technology, we can better screen the immunotherapy response population and explore new combination treatment regimens to evaluate the best combination regimen and obtain the optimal treatment options, which is also an important research direction for the immunotherapy of penile cancer in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Ming Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling-Xiao Chen
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Zhuang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Hui Han
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Miao Mo
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Zhu Y, Zhou L, Mo L, Hong C, Pan L, Lin J, Qi Y, Tan S, Qian M, Hu T, Zhao Y, Qiu H, Lin P, Ma X, Yang Q. Plasmodium yoelii Infection Enhances the Expansion of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells via JAK/STAT3 Pathway. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2024; 213:170-186. [PMID: 38819229 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), the negative immune regulators, have been demonstrated to be involved in immune responses to a variety of pathological conditions, such as tumors, chronic inflammation, and infectious diseases. However, the roles and mechanisms underlying the expansion of MDSCs in malaria remain unclear. In this study, the phenotypic and functional characteristics of splenic MDSCs during Plasmodium yoelii NSM infection are described. Furthermore, we provide compelling evidence that the sera from P. yoelii-infected C57BL/6 mice containing excess IL-6 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor promote the accumulation of MDSCs by inducing Bcl2 expression. Serum-induced MDSCs exert more potent suppressive effects on T cell responses than control MDSCs within both in vivo P. yoelii infection and in vitro serum-treated bone marrow cells experiments. Serum treatment increases the MDSC inhibitory effect, which is dependent on Arg1 expression. Moreover, mechanistic studies reveal that the serum effects are mediated by JAK/STAT3 signaling. By inhibiting STAT3 phosphorylation with the JAK inhibitor JSI-124, effects of serum on MDSCs are almost eliminated. In vivo depletion of MDSCs with anti-Gr-1 or 5-fluorouracil significantly reduces the parasitemia and promotes Th1 immune response in P. yoelii-infected C57BL/6 mice by upregulating IFN-γ expression. In summary, this study indicates that P. yoelii infection facilitates the accumulation and function of MDSCs by upregulating the expression of Bcl2 and Arg1 via JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway in vivo and in vitro. Manipulating the JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway or depleting MDSCs could be promising therapeutic interventions to treat malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqiang Zhu
- Affiliated Qingyuan Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, China
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou International Bio-Island, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lu Zhou
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lengshan Mo
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cansheng Hong
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lingxia Pan
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Lin
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanwei Qi
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Simin Tan
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Manhongtian Qian
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tengfei Hu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Zhao
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huaina Qiu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peibin Lin
- Affiliated Qingyuan Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, China
| | - Xiancai Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou International Bio-Island, Guangzhou, China
| | - Quan Yang
- Affiliated Qingyuan Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, China
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Second Affiliated Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Rodríguez-Bejarano OH, Parra-López C, Patarroyo MA. A review concerning the breast cancer-related tumour microenvironment. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2024; 199:104389. [PMID: 38734280 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2024.104389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is currently the most common malignant tumour in women and one of the leading causes of their death around the world. New and increasingly personalised diagnostic and therapeutic tools have been introduced over the last few decades, along with significant advances regarding the study and knowledge related to BC. The tumour microenvironment (TME) refers to the tumour cell-associated cellular and molecular environment which can influence conditions affecting tumour development and progression. The TME is composed of immune cells, stromal cells, extracellular matrix (ECM) and signalling molecules secreted by these different cell types. Ever deeper understanding of TME composition changes during tumour development and progression will enable new and more innovative therapeutic strategies to become developed for targeting tumours during specific stages of its evolution. This review summarises the role of BC-related TME components and their influence on tumour progression and the development of resistance to therapy. In addition, an account on the modifications in BC-related TME components associated with therapy is given, and the completed or ongoing clinical trials related to this topic are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Hernán Rodríguez-Bejarano
- Health Sciences Faculty, Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales (U.D.C.A), Calle 222#55-37, Bogotá 111166, Colombia; Molecular Biology and Immunology Department, Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Carrera 50#26-20, Bogotá 111321, Colombia; PhD Programme in Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Carrera 45#26-85, Bogotá 111321, Colombia
| | - Carlos Parra-López
- Microbiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Carrera 45#26-85, Bogotá 111321, Colombia.
| | - Manuel Alfonso Patarroyo
- Molecular Biology and Immunology Department, Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Carrera 50#26-20, Bogotá 111321, Colombia; Microbiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Carrera 45#26-85, Bogotá 111321, Colombia.
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Wu Y, Yi M, Niu M, Zhou B, Mei Q, Wu K. Beyond success: unveiling the hidden potential of radiotherapy and immunotherapy in solid tumors. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2024; 44:739-760. [PMID: 38837878 PMCID: PMC11260771 DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy, particularly with immune checkpoint inhibitors, has significantly transformed cancer treatment. Despite its success, many patients struggle to respond adequately or sustain long-lasting clinical improvement. A growing consensus has emerged that radiotherapy (RT) enhances the response rate and overall efficacy of immunotherapy. Although combining RT and immunotherapy has been extensively investigated in preclinical models and has shown promising results, establishing itself as a dynamic and thriving area of research, clinical evidence for this combination strategy over the past five years has shown both positive and disappointing results, suggesting the need for a more nuanced understanding. This review provides a balanced and updated analysis of the combination of immunotherapy and RT. We summarized the preclinical mechanisms through which RT boosts antitumor immune responses and mainly focused on the outcomes of recently updated clinical trials, including those that may not have met expectations. We investigated the optimization of the therapeutic potential of this combined strategy, including key challenges, such as fractionation and scheduling, lymph node irradiation, and toxicity. Finally, we offered insights into the prospects and challenges associated with the clinical translation of this combination therapy, providing a realistic perspective on the current state of research and potential future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuze Wu
- Department of OncologyTongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubeiP. R. China
| | - Ming Yi
- Department of Breast SurgeryZhejiang University School of Medicine First Affiliated HospitalHangzhouZhejiangP. R. China
| | - Mengke Niu
- Department of OncologyTongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubeiP. R. China
| | - Binghan Zhou
- Department of OncologyTongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubeiP. R. China
| | - Qi Mei
- Department of OncologyTongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubeiP. R. China
| | - Kongming Wu
- Cancer CenterShanxi Bethune HospitalShanxi Academy of Medical Science, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanShanxiP. R. China
- Cancer CenterTongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubeiP. R. China
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Nepal MR, Shah S, Kang KT. Dual roles of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in various diseases: a review. Arch Pharm Res 2024; 47:597-616. [PMID: 39008186 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-024-01504-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a heterogeneous population of cells that originate from bone marrow stem cells. In pathological conditions, such as autoimmune disorders, allergies, infections, and cancer, normal myelopoiesis is altered to facilitate the formation of MDSCs. MDSCs were first shown to promote cancer initiation and progression by immunosuppression with the assistance of various chemokines and cytokines. Recently, various studies have demonstrated that MDSCs play two distinct roles depending on the physiological and pathological conditions. MDSCs have protective roles in autoimmune disorders (such as uveoretinitis, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, type 1 diabetes, autoimmune hepatitis, inflammatory bowel disease, alopecia areata, and systemic lupus erythematosus), allergies, and organ transplantation. However, they play negative roles in infections and various cancers. Several immunosuppressive functions and mechanisms of MDSCs have been determined in different disease conditions. This review comprehensively discusses the associations between MDSCs and various pathological conditions and briefly describes therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Raj Nepal
- College of Pharmacy, Duksung Women's University, Seoul, South Korea
- Duksung Innovative Drug Center, Duksung Women's University, Seoul, South Korea
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Sajita Shah
- College of Pharmacy, Duksung Women's University, Seoul, South Korea
- Duksung Innovative Drug Center, Duksung Women's University, Seoul, South Korea
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Kyu-Tae Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Duksung Women's University, Seoul, South Korea.
- Duksung Innovative Drug Center, Duksung Women's University, Seoul, South Korea.
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Hagenstein J, Burkhardt S, Sprezyna P, Tasika E, Tiegs G, Diehl L. CD44 expression on murine hepatic stellate cells promotes the induction of monocytic and polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells. J Leukoc Biol 2024; 116:177-185. [PMID: 38484149 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiae053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024] Open
Abstract
In chronic inflammation, regulatory immune cells, such as regulatory T cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells, can develop. Local signals in the inflamed tissue, such as cytokines and eicosanoids, but also contact-dependent signals, can promote myeloid-derived suppressor cell development. In the liver, hepatic stellate cells may provide such signals via the expression of CD44. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells generated in the presence of hepatic stellate cells and anti-CD44 antibodies were functionally and phenotypically analyzed. We found that both monocytic and polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells generated in the presence of αCD44 antibodies were less suppressive toward T cells as measured by T-cell proliferation and cytokine production. Moreover, both monocytic and polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells were phenotypically altered. Monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells mainly changed their expression of CD80 and CD39, and polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells showed altered expression of CD80/86, PD-L1, and CCR2. Moreover, both polymorphonuclear and monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells lost expression of Nos2 messenger RNA, whereas monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells showed reduced expression of TGFb messenger RNA and polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells reduced expression of Il10 messenger RNA. In summary, the presence of CD44 in hepatic stellate cells promotes the induction of both monocytic and polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells, although the mechanisms by which these myeloid-derived suppressor cells may increase suppressive function due to interaction with CD44 are only partially overlapping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Hagenstein
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center of Translational Immunology (HCTI), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Simon Burkhardt
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center of Translational Immunology (HCTI), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Paulina Sprezyna
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center of Translational Immunology (HCTI), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Elena Tasika
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center of Translational Immunology (HCTI), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gisa Tiegs
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center of Translational Immunology (HCTI), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Linda Diehl
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center of Translational Immunology (HCTI), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
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Li Z, Xia Q, He Y, Li L, Yin P. MDSCs in bone metastasis: Mechanisms and therapeutic potential. Cancer Lett 2024; 592:216906. [PMID: 38649108 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Bone metastasis (BM) is a frequent complication associated with advanced cancer that significantly increases patient mortality. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) play a pivotal role in BM progression by promoting angiogenesis, inhibiting immune responses, and inducing osteoclastogenesis. MDSCs induce immunosuppression through diverse mechanisms, including the generation of reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide, and immunosuppressive cytokines. Within the bone metastasis niche (BMN), MDSCs engage in intricate interactions with tumor, stromal, and bone cells, thereby establishing a complex regulatory network. The biological activities and functions of MDSCs are regulated by the microenvironment within BMN. Conversely, MDSCs actively contribute to microenvironmental regulation, thereby promoting BM development. A comprehensive understanding of the indispensable role played by MDSCs in BM is imperative for the development of novel therapeutic strategies. This review highlights the involvement of MDSCs in BM development, their regulatory mechanisms, and their potential as viable therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Li
- Interventional Cancer Institute of Chinese Integrative Medicine, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, China; Department of General Surgery, Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Umbilical Cord Blood Hematopoietic Stem Cells, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China
| | - Qi Xia
- Interventional Cancer Institute of Chinese Integrative Medicine, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Yujie He
- Interventional Cancer Institute of Chinese Integrative Medicine, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Lei Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.
| | - Peihao Yin
- Interventional Cancer Institute of Chinese Integrative Medicine, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, China.
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Sinkarevs S, Strumfs B, Volkova S, Strumfa I. Tumour Microenvironment: The General Principles of Pathogenesis and Implications in Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma. Cells 2024; 13:1057. [PMID: 38920685 PMCID: PMC11201569 DOI: 10.3390/cells13121057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma worldwide, constituting around 30-40% of all cases. Almost 60% of patients develop relapse of refractory DLBCL. Among the reasons for the therapy failure, tumour microenvironment (TME) components could be involved, including tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs), myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), tumour-associated neutrophils (TANs), cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), and different subtypes of cytotoxic CD8+ cells and T regulatory cells, which show complex interactions with tumour cells. Understanding of the TME can provide new therapeutic options for patients with DLBCL and improve their prognosis and overall survival. This review provides essentials of the latest understanding of tumour microenvironment elements and discusses their role in tumour progression and immune suppression mechanisms which result in poor prognosis for patients with DLBCL. In addition, we point out important markers for the diagnostic purposes and highlight novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ilze Strumfa
- Department of Pathology, Riga Stradins University, 16 Dzirciema Street, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia
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Bernhardt SM, Ozaki MK, Betts C, Bleyle LA, DeBarber AE, Fornetti J, Liberty AL, Wilde De E, Zhang Y, Xia Z, Schedin P. Altered liver metabolism post-wean abolishes efficacy of vitamin D for breast cancer prevention in a mouse model. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.28.596304. [PMID: 38854129 PMCID: PMC11160686 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.28.596304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Young women have increased risk of vitamin D deficiency, which may increase breast cancer incidence. Here, we assessed the anti-cancer efficacy of vitamin D in mouse models of young-onset breast cancer. In never-pregnant mice, vitamin D supplementation increased serum 25(OH)D and hepatic 1,25(OH)2D3, reduced tumor size, and associated with anti-tumor immunity. These anti-tumor effects were not replicated in a mouse model of postpartum breast cancer, where hepatic metabolism of vitamin D was suppressed post-wean, which resulted in deficient serum 25(OH)D and reduced hepatic 1,25(OH)2D3. Treatment with active 1,25(OH)2D3 induced hypercalcemia exclusively in post-wean mice, highlighting metabolic imbalance post-wean. RNAseq revealed suppressed CYP450 expression postpartum. In sum, we provide evidence that vitamin D anti-tumor activity is mediated through immunomodulatory mechanisms and is ineffective in the post-wean window due to altered hepatic metabolism. These findings have implications for suppressed xenobiotic metabolism in postpartum women beyond vitamin D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Bernhardt
- Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Michelle K Ozaki
- Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Courtney Betts
- Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Lisa A Bleyle
- Bioanalytical Shared Resource/Pharmacokinetics Core Facility, University Shared Resources, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Andrea E DeBarber
- Bioanalytical Shared Resource/Pharmacokinetics Core Facility, University Shared Resources, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Jaime Fornetti
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112, USA
| | - Abigail L Liberty
- Division of Complex Family Planning, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Elise Wilde De
- Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Yi Zhang
- Computational Biology Program, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201, USA
| | - Zheng Xia
- Computational Biology Program, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201, USA
| | - Pepper Schedin
- Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
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Xu D, Wang W, Wang D, Ding J, Zhou Y, Zhang W. Long noncoding RNA MALAT-1: A versatile regulator in cancer progression, metastasis, immunity, and therapeutic resistance. Noncoding RNA Res 2024; 9:388-406. [PMID: 38511067 PMCID: PMC10950606 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2024.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are RNA transcripts longer than 200 nucleotides that do not code for proteins but have been linked to cancer development and metastasis. Metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT-1) influences crucial cancer hallmarks through intricate molecular mechanisms, including proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis, apoptosis, and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). The current article highlights the involvement of MALAT-1 in drug resistance, making it a potential target to overcome chemotherapy refractoriness. It discusses the impact of MALAT-1 on immunomodulatory molecules, such as major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins and PD-L1, leading to immune evasion and hindering anti-tumor immune responses. MALAT-1 also plays a significant role in cancer immunology by regulating diverse immune cell populations. In summary, MALAT-1 is a versatile cancer regulator, influencing tumorigenesis, chemoresistance, and immunotherapy responses. Understanding its precise molecular mechanisms is crucial for developing targeted therapies, and therapeutic strategies targeting MALAT-1 show promise for improving cancer treatment outcomes. However, further research is needed to fully uncover the role of MALAT-1 in cancer biology and translate these findings into clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dexin Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Jilin Province FAW General Hospital, Changchun, 130000, China
| | - Wenhai Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Jilin Province FAW General Hospital, Changchun, 130000, China
| | - Duo Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Jilin Province FAW General Hospital, Changchun, 130000, China
| | - Jian Ding
- Department of Electrodiagnosis, Jilin Province FAW General Hospital, Changchun, 130000, China
| | - Yunan Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Jilin Province FAW General Hospital, Changchun, 130000, China
| | - Wenbin Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Jilin Province FAW General Hospital, Changchun, 130000, China
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Zhu Y, Chen P, Hu B, Zhong S, Yan K, Wu Y, Li S, Yang Y, Xu Z, Lu Y, Ouyang Y, Bao H, Gu W, Wen L, Zhang Y. MDSC-targeting gold nanoparticles enhance PD-1 tumor immunotherapy by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasomes. Biomaterials 2024; 307:122533. [PMID: 38493671 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2024.122533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) play a crucial role in the immune escape mechanisms that limit the efficacy of immunotherapeutic strategies. In the tumor microenvironment, NLRP3 inflammasome-driven Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) production serves to dampen antitumor immune responses, promoting tumor growth, progression, and immunosuppression. In this study, we revealed that gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) with a size of 30 nm disrupted NLRP3 inflammasome, but not other inflammasomes, in bone marrow-derived macrophages through abrogating NLRP3-NEK7 interactions mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Density functional theory (DFT) calculations provided insights into the mechanism underlying the exceptional ROS scavenging capabilities of Au NPs. Additionally, when coupled with H6, a small peptide targeting MDSCs, Au NPs demonstrated the capacity to effectively reduce IL-1β levels and diminish the MDSCs population in tumor microenvironment, leading to enhanced T cell activation and increased immunotherapeutic efficacy in mouse tumor models that are sensitive and resistant to PD-1 inhibition. Our findings unraveled a novel approach wherein peptide-modified Au NPs relieved the suppressive impact of the tumor microenvironment by inhibiting MDSCs-mediated IL-1β release, which is the first time reported the employing a nanostrategy at modulating MDSCs to reverse the immunosuppressive microenvironment and may hold promise as a potential therapeutic agent for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Zhu
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Pin Chen
- National Supercomputer Center in Guangzhou, School of Data and Computer Science, Sun Yat-Senedi University, 132 East Circle at University City, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Bochuan Hu
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Suqin Zhong
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Kai Yan
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yu Wu
- Medical Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Shanshan Li
- Medical Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yinyin Yang
- Medical Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Zexin Xu
- National Supercomputer Center in Guangzhou, School of Data and Computer Science, Sun Yat-Senedi University, 132 East Circle at University City, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yutong Lu
- National Supercomputer Center in Guangzhou, School of Data and Computer Science, Sun Yat-Senedi University, 132 East Circle at University City, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Ying Ouyang
- Medical Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China; China-Singapore International Joint Research Institute, Guangzhou, 510700, China
| | - Hui Bao
- Department of Oncology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Weiguang Gu
- Department of Oncology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Longping Wen
- Medical Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| | - Yunjiao Zhang
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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Díaz-Rivera J, Rodríguez-Rivera MA, Meléndez-Vázquez NM, Godoy-Vitorino F, Dorta-Estremera SM. Immune and Microbial Signatures Associated with PD-1 Blockade Sensitivity in a Preclinical Model for HPV+ Oropharyngeal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2065. [PMID: 38893183 PMCID: PMC11171047 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16112065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The United States is suffering from an epidemic associated with high-risk strains of the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) predominantly responsible for the development of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting programmed death 1 (PD-1) or its ligand PD-L1 has shown poor efficacy in HNSCC patients, observing only a 20-30% response. Therefore, biological marker identification associated with PD-1 blockade response is important to improve prognosis and define novel therapeutics for HNSCC patients. Therapy response was associated with increased frequencies of activated CD27+T cells, activated CD79a+ B cells, antigen-presenting CD74+ dendritic and B cells, and PD-L1+ and PD-L2+ myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). The oral microbiota composition differed significantly in mice bearing tongue tumors and treated with anti-PD-1. A higher abundance of Allobaculum, Blautia, Faecalibacterium, Dorea, or Roseburia was associated with response to the therapy. However, an increase in Enterococcus was attributed to tongue tumor-bearing non-responding mice. Our findings indicate that differences in immune phenotypes, protein expression, and bacterial abundance occur as mice develop tongue tumors and are treated with anti-PD-1. These results may have a clinical impact as specific bacteria and immune phenotype could serve as biomarkers for treatment response in HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Díaz-Rivera
- Cancer Biology Division, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR 00936, USA; (J.D.-R.); (M.A.R.-R.)
- Microbiology and Medical Zoology Department, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR 00936, USA; (N.M.M.-V.); (F.G.-V.)
| | - Michael A. Rodríguez-Rivera
- Cancer Biology Division, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR 00936, USA; (J.D.-R.); (M.A.R.-R.)
- Microbiology and Medical Zoology Department, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR 00936, USA; (N.M.M.-V.); (F.G.-V.)
| | - Natalie M. Meléndez-Vázquez
- Microbiology and Medical Zoology Department, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR 00936, USA; (N.M.M.-V.); (F.G.-V.)
| | - Filipa Godoy-Vitorino
- Microbiology and Medical Zoology Department, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR 00936, USA; (N.M.M.-V.); (F.G.-V.)
| | - Stephanie M. Dorta-Estremera
- Cancer Biology Division, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR 00936, USA; (J.D.-R.); (M.A.R.-R.)
- Microbiology and Medical Zoology Department, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR 00936, USA; (N.M.M.-V.); (F.G.-V.)
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Wu Y, Wang L, Li Y, Cao Y, Wang M, Deng Z, Kang H. Immunotherapy in the context of sepsis-induced immunological dysregulation. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1391395. [PMID: 38835773 PMCID: PMC11148279 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1391395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a clinical syndrome caused by uncontrollable immune dysregulation triggered by pathogen infection, characterized by high incidence, mortality rates, and disease burden. Current treatments primarily focus on symptomatic relief, lacking specific therapeutic interventions. The core mechanism of sepsis is believed to be an imbalance in the host's immune response, characterized by early excessive inflammation followed by late immune suppression, triggered by pathogen invasion. This suggests that we can develop immunotherapeutic treatment strategies by targeting and modulating the components and immunological functions of the host's innate and adaptive immune systems. Therefore, this paper reviews the mechanisms of immune dysregulation in sepsis and, based on this foundation, discusses the current state of immunotherapy applications in sepsis animal models and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqi Wu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Medical Center, Chinese People’s Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Graduate School of The People’s Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Medical Center, Chinese People’s Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Graduate School of The People’s Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Medical Center, Chinese People’s Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Graduate School of The People’s Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Cao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Medical Center, Chinese People’s Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Graduate School of The People’s Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zihui Deng
- Department of Basic Medicine, Graduate School, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hongjun Kang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Medical Center, Chinese People’s Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing, China
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Qiu J, Cheng Z, Jiang Z, Gan L, Zhang Z, Xie Z. Immunomodulatory Precision: A Narrative Review Exploring the Critical Role of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Cancer Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5490. [PMID: 38791528 PMCID: PMC11122264 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
An immune checkpoint is a signaling pathway that regulates the recognition of antigens by T-cell receptors (TCRs) during an immune response. These checkpoints play a pivotal role in suppressing excessive immune responses and maintaining immune homeostasis against viral or microbial infections. There are several FDA-approved immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), including ipilimumab, pembrolizumab, and avelumab. These ICIs target cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4), programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), and programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1). Furthermore, ongoing efforts are focused on developing new ICIs with emerging potential. In comparison to conventional treatments, ICIs offer the advantages of reduced side effects and durable responses. There is growing interest in the potential of combining different ICIs with chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or targeted therapies. This article comprehensively reviews the classification, mechanism of action, application, and combination strategies of ICIs in various cancers and discusses their current limitations. Our objective is to contribute to the future development of more effective anticancer drugs targeting immune checkpoints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyu Qiu
- College of Basic Medical, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China; (J.Q.); (Z.C.); (Z.J.); (L.G.); (Z.Z.)
- Queen Mary School, Medical Department, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Zilin Cheng
- College of Basic Medical, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China; (J.Q.); (Z.C.); (Z.J.); (L.G.); (Z.Z.)
- Queen Mary School, Medical Department, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Zheng Jiang
- College of Basic Medical, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China; (J.Q.); (Z.C.); (Z.J.); (L.G.); (Z.Z.)
- Queen Mary School, Medical Department, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Luhan Gan
- College of Basic Medical, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China; (J.Q.); (Z.C.); (Z.J.); (L.G.); (Z.Z.)
- Huan Kui School, Medical Department, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Zixuan Zhang
- College of Basic Medical, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China; (J.Q.); (Z.C.); (Z.J.); (L.G.); (Z.Z.)
- Queen Mary School, Medical Department, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Zhenzhen Xie
- College of Basic Medical, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China; (J.Q.); (Z.C.); (Z.J.); (L.G.); (Z.Z.)
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Fan X, Peng H, Wang X, Sun Y, Dong Y, Zhou J, Chen J, Huang S. Tumor-associated CD8 +T cell tolerance induced by erythroid progenitor cells. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1381919. [PMID: 38799424 PMCID: PMC11116624 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1381919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction CD8+T cell tolerance plays an important role in tumor escape. Recent studies have shown that CD45+ erythroid progenitor cells (CD45+EPCs) generated through splenic extramedullary erythropoiesis suppress tumor immunity. However, the mechanism underlying how CD45+EPCs mediate CD8+T cell tolerance remains incompletely understood and requires further research. Methods In this study, the antigen-processing abilities of CD45+EPCs was verified through both in vitro and in vivo experiments. We have used the method of co-culture in vitro and adoptive transfer experiments in vivo to explore the effects of CD45+EPCs on CD8+T cell tolerance. RNA-sequencing analysis and blocking experiments were used to evaluate the role of ROS in the CD45+EPC mediated tolerance of CD8+T cells. Finally, we incorporated uric acid into the adoptive transfer experiments to rescue the CD45+EPC mediated tumor-promoting effect. Results and discussion We found that CD45+EPCs take up soluble proteins, present antigenic epitopes on their surface, and induce antigen-specific CD8+T cell anergy. In addition, we found that CD45+EPC directly nitrates tyrosine within the TCR/CD8 complex via the production of reactive oxygen species and peroxynitrite, preventing CD8+ T cells from responding to their specific peptide antigens. Furthermore, uric acid treatment effectively abolished the immunosuppressive effects of CD45+EPCs during CD8+T cell adoptive transfer, thereby enhancing the anti-tumor efficacy. These results demonstrated that CD8+T cell tolerance in tumor-bearing mice is induced by CD45+EPCs. The results of this study have direct implications for tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Fan
- Department of Oncology and Southwest Cancer Centre, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Radiation Treatment Centre, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Endocrinology/Osteoporosis Department, West China School of Public Health and West China Forth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Han Peng
- Department of Oncology and Southwest Cancer Centre, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Radiation Treatment Centre, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Xuesong Wang
- Department of Oncology and Southwest Cancer Centre, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Radiation Treatment Centre, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yixin Sun
- Department of Oncology and Southwest Cancer Centre, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Radiation Treatment Centre, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Dong
- Department of Oncology and Southwest Cancer Centre, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Radiation Treatment Centre, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Oncology and Southwest Cancer Centre, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Radiation Treatment Centre, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Jianfang Chen
- Department of Oncology and Southwest Cancer Centre, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Radiation Treatment Centre, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Shuo Huang
- Department of Oncology and Southwest Cancer Centre, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Radiation Treatment Centre, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
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Hu T, Cheng B, Matsunaga A, Zhang T, Lu X, Fang H, Mori SF, Fang X, Wang G, Xu H, Shi H, Cowell JK. Single-cell analysis defines highly specific leukemia-induced neutrophils and links MMP8 expression to recruitment of tumor associated neutrophils during FGFR1 driven leukemogenesis. Exp Hematol Oncol 2024; 13:49. [PMID: 38730491 PMCID: PMC11084112 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-024-00514-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leukemias driven by activated, chimeric FGFR1 kinases typically progress to AML which have poor prognosis. Mouse models of this syndrome allow detailed analysis of cellular and molecular changes occurring during leukemogenesis. We have used these models to determine the effects of leukemia development on the immune cell composition in the leukemia microenvironment during leukemia development and progression. METHODS Single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-Seq) was used to characterize leukemia associated neutrophils and define gene expression changes in these cells during leukemia progression. RESULTS scRNA-Seq revealed six distinct subgroups of neutrophils based on their specific differential gene expression. In response to leukemia development, there is a dramatic increase in only two of the neutrophil subgroups. These two subgroups show specific gene expression signatures consistent with neutrophil precursors which give rise to immature polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells (PMN-MDSCs). Analysis of gene expression in these precursor cells identified pathways that were specifically upregulated, the most pronounced of which involved matrix metalloproteinases Mmp8 and Mmp9, during leukemia progression. Pharmacological inhibition of MMPs using Ilomastat preferentially restricted in vitro migration of neutrophils from leukemic mice and led to a significantly improved survival in vivo, accompanied by impaired PMN-MDSC recruitment. As a result, levels of T-cells were proportionally increased. In clinically annotated TCGA databases, MMP8 was shown to act as an independent indicator for poor prognosis and correlated with higher neutrophil infiltration and poor pan-cancer prognosis. CONCLUSION We have defined specific leukemia responsive neutrophil subgroups based on their unique gene expression profile, which appear to be the precursors of neutrophils specifically associated with leukemia progression. An important event during development of these neutrophils is upregulation MMP genes which facilitated mobilization of these precursors from the BM in response to cancer progression, suggesting a possible therapeutic approach to suppress the development of immune tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianxiang Hu
- Georgia Cancer Center, 1410 Laney Walker Blvd, 30912, Augusta, GA, USA.
| | - Bo Cheng
- Department of Stomatology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Atsuko Matsunaga
- Georgia Cancer Center, 1410 Laney Walker Blvd, 30912, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Ting Zhang
- Georgia Cancer Center, 1410 Laney Walker Blvd, 30912, Augusta, GA, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Tianjin Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaocui Lu
- Georgia Cancer Center, 1410 Laney Walker Blvd, 30912, Augusta, GA, USA
- Department of Stomatology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Fang
- Georgia Cancer Center, 1410 Laney Walker Blvd, 30912, Augusta, GA, USA
- Department of Stomatology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Stephanie F Mori
- Georgia Cancer Center, 1410 Laney Walker Blvd, 30912, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Xuexiu Fang
- Georgia Cancer Center, 1410 Laney Walker Blvd, 30912, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Gavin Wang
- Georgia Cancer Center, 1410 Laney Walker Blvd, 30912, Augusta, GA, USA
- University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Hongyan Xu
- Department of Biostatistics, Data Science and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Augusta University, 30912, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Huidong Shi
- Georgia Cancer Center, 1410 Laney Walker Blvd, 30912, Augusta, GA, USA.
| | - John K Cowell
- Georgia Cancer Center, 1410 Laney Walker Blvd, 30912, Augusta, GA, USA.
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Lin H, Liu C, Hu A, Zhang D, Yang H, Mao Y. Understanding the immunosuppressive microenvironment of glioma: mechanistic insights and clinical perspectives. J Hematol Oncol 2024; 17:31. [PMID: 38720342 PMCID: PMC11077829 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-024-01544-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM), the predominant and primary malignant intracranial tumor, poses a formidable challenge due to its immunosuppressive microenvironment, thereby confounding conventional therapeutic interventions. Despite the established treatment regimen comprising surgical intervention, radiotherapy, temozolomide administration, and the exploration of emerging modalities such as immunotherapy and integration of medicine and engineering technology therapy, the efficacy of these approaches remains constrained, resulting in suboptimal prognostic outcomes. In recent years, intensive scrutiny of the inhibitory and immunosuppressive milieu within GBM has underscored the significance of cellular constituents of the GBM microenvironment and their interactions with malignant cells and neurons. Novel immune and targeted therapy strategies have emerged, offering promising avenues for advancing GBM treatment. One pivotal mechanism orchestrating immunosuppression in GBM involves the aggregation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), glioma-associated macrophage/microglia (GAM), and regulatory T cells (Tregs). Among these, MDSCs, though constituting a minority (4-8%) of CD45+ cells in GBM, play a central component in fostering immune evasion and propelling tumor progression, angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis. MDSCs deploy intricate immunosuppressive mechanisms that adapt to the dynamic tumor microenvironment (TME). Understanding the interplay between GBM and MDSCs provides a compelling basis for therapeutic interventions. This review seeks to elucidate the immune regulatory mechanisms inherent in the GBM microenvironment, explore existing therapeutic targets, and consolidate recent insights into MDSC induction and their contribution to GBM immunosuppression. Additionally, the review comprehensively surveys ongoing clinical trials and potential treatment strategies, envisioning a future where targeting MDSCs could reshape the immune landscape of GBM. Through the synergistic integration of immunotherapy with other therapeutic modalities, this approach can establish a multidisciplinary, multi-target paradigm, ultimately improving the prognosis and quality of life in patients with GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaxian Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ankang Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Duanwu Zhang
- Children's Hospital of Fudan University, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hui Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
- Institute for Translational Brain Research, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ying Mao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
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48
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Wang K, Wang Y, Yin K. Role played by MDSC in colitis-associated colorectal cancer and potential therapeutic strategies. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2024; 150:243. [PMID: 38717677 PMCID: PMC11078801 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-024-05755-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Colitis-associated colorectal cancer has been a hot topic in public health issues worldwide. Numerous studies have demonstrated the significance of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in the progression of this ailment, but the specific mechanism of their role in the transformation of inflammation to cancer is unclear, and potential therapies targeting MDSC are also unclear. This paper outlines the possible involvement of MDSC to the development of colitis-associated colorectal cancer. It also explores the immune and other relevant roles played by MDSC, and collates relevant targeted therapies against MDSC. In addition, current targeted therapies for colorectal cancer are analyzed and summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Jiefang Road No. 438, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, 212000, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Department of Dermatology, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, Juqian Street, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, 213003, China
| | - Kai Yin
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Institute of Digestive Diseases, Jiangsu University, Jiefang Road No. 438, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, 212000, China.
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49
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Werner W, Kuzminskaya M, Lurje I, Tacke F, Hammerich L. Overcoming Resistance to Immune Checkpoint Blockade in Liver Cancer with Combination Therapy: Stronger Together? Semin Liver Dis 2024; 44:159-179. [PMID: 38806159 PMCID: PMC11245330 DOI: 10.1055/a-2334-8311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Primary liver cancer, represented mainly by hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), is one of the most common and deadliest tumors worldwide. While surgical resection or liver transplantation are the best option in early disease stages, these tumors often present in advanced stages and systemic treatment is required to improve survival time. The emergence of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy has had a positive impact especially on the treatment of advanced cancers, thereby establishing immunotherapy as part of first-line treatment in HCC and CCA. Nevertheless, low response rates reflect on the usually cold or immunosuppressed tumor microenvironment of primary liver cancer. In this review, we aim to summarize mechanisms of resistance leading to tumor immune escape with a special focus on the composition of tumor microenvironment in both HCC and CCA, also reflecting on recent important developments in ICI combination therapy. Furthermore, we discuss how combination of ICIs with established primary liver cancer treatments (e.g. multikinase inhibitors and chemotherapy) as well as more complex combinations with state-of-the-art therapeutic concepts may reshape the tumor microenvironment, leading to higher response rates and long-lasting antitumor immunity for primary liver cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiebke Werner
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maria Kuzminskaya
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Isabella Lurje
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Frank Tacke
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Linda Hammerich
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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50
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Scuderi SA, Ardizzone A, Salako AE, Pantò G, De Luca F, Esposito E, Capra AP. Pentraxin 3: A Main Driver of Inflammation and Immune System Dysfunction in the Tumor Microenvironment of Glioblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1637. [PMID: 38730589 PMCID: PMC11083335 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16091637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Brain tumors are a heterogeneous group of brain neoplasms that are highly prevalent in individuals of all ages worldwide. Within this pathological framework, the most prevalent and aggressive type of primary brain tumor is glioblastoma (GB), a subtype of glioma that falls within the IV-grade astrocytoma group. The death rate for patients with GB remains high, occurring within a few months after diagnosis, even with the gold-standard therapies now available, such as surgery, radiation, or a pharmaceutical approach with Temozolomide. For this reason, it is crucial to continue looking for cutting-edge therapeutic options to raise patients' survival chances. Pentraxin 3 (PTX3) is a multifunctional protein that has a variety of regulatory roles in inflammatory processes related to extracellular matrix (ECM). An increase in PTX3 blood levels is considered a trustworthy factor associated with the beginning of inflammation. Moreover, scientific evidence suggested that PTX3 is a sensitive and earlier inflammation-related marker compared to the short pentraxin C-reactive protein (CRP). In several tumoral subtypes, via regulating complement-dependent and macrophage-associated tumor-promoting inflammation, it has been demonstrated that PTX3 may function as a promoter of cancer metastasis, invasion, and stemness. Our review aims to deeply evaluate the function of PTX3 in the pathological context of GB, considering its pivotal biological activities and its possible role as a molecular target for future therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Adriana Scuderi
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres, 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (S.A.S.); (A.A.); (A.E.S.); (F.D.L.); (A.P.C.)
| | - Alessio Ardizzone
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres, 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (S.A.S.); (A.A.); (A.E.S.); (F.D.L.); (A.P.C.)
| | - Ayomide Eniola Salako
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres, 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (S.A.S.); (A.A.); (A.E.S.); (F.D.L.); (A.P.C.)
- University of Florence, 50121 Florence, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Pantò
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98125 Messina, Italy;
| | - Fabiola De Luca
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres, 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (S.A.S.); (A.A.); (A.E.S.); (F.D.L.); (A.P.C.)
| | - Emanuela Esposito
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres, 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (S.A.S.); (A.A.); (A.E.S.); (F.D.L.); (A.P.C.)
| | - Anna Paola Capra
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres, 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (S.A.S.); (A.A.); (A.E.S.); (F.D.L.); (A.P.C.)
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