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Carver A, Rachele JN, Sugiyama T, Corti BG, Burton NW, Turrell G. Public greenspace and mental wellbeing among mid-older aged adults: Findings from the HABITAT longitudinal study. Health Place 2024; 89:103311. [PMID: 39032205 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2024.103311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
We explored temporal associations between public greenspace and adults' mental wellbeing. Participants (n = 5,906) aged 40-65 years at baseline had data at >2 post-baseline waves of HABITAT, a multilevel longitudinal study (2007-16) in Brisbane, Australia. Participants self-reported mental wellbeing (short Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale) and neighbourhood self-selection reasons at Waves 2-5 (2009-11-13-16). We examined associations between Δgreenspace (within 1 km of home) and Δmental wellbeing using a linear fixed effects model, adjusting for time-varying confounders. Mental wellbeing increased (β = 1.75; 95% Confidence Interval:0.25-3.26) with greenspace exposure, adjusting for self-selection. Urban planning and policy initiatives to increase public greenspace may benefit mental wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Carver
- National Centre for Healthy Ageing, Frankston, VIC, Australia; School of Translational Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Jerome N Rachele
- College and Health and Biomedicine & Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Takemi Sugiyama
- Centre for Urban Transitions, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, Australia; Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Billie-Giles Corti
- Centre for Urban Research, RMIT, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Nicola W Burton
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Mt Gravatt, QLD, Australia; Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia; Centre for Mental Health, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Gavin Turrell
- Centre for Urban Research, RMIT, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Bartolomé-Valenzuela M, Pereda N, Guilera G. Patterns of adverse childhood experiences and associations with lower mental well-being among university students. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2024; 152:106770. [PMID: 38555713 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.106770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND University students report high levels of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), which can lead to severe mental health problems. Understanding how ACEs impact well-being in this population is essential, yet research to date is limited. OBJECTIVE To explore ACE patterns and their association with lower well-being in university students. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING 1023 Spanish students (71.6 % female) aged between 18 and 64 years old (M = 20.10, SD = 3.93) completed a self-report questionnaire. METHODS This study used a cross-sectional design. The ACE International Questionnaire (ACE-IQ) and the Short Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale were used to assess, respectively, childhood adversities and mental well-being. Latent Class Analysis and regression modeling were conducted to analyze the link between ACEs and lower mental well-being, considering the covariates of age, country of origin, sexual orientation, and mental illness. RESULTS Four ACE classes were identified: Low ACEs (49.5 %), Dysfunctional Household (12.3 %), Household and Peer Abuse (31.0 %), and High ACEs (7.2 %). The regression analysis (F(3, 1007) = 19.2, p < .001, R2adj = 0.054) successfully predicted well-being scores based on ACE classes. When compared with the Low ACE class, all other classes exhibited lower levels of well-being. Age, sexual orientation, and mental illness were also related to lower well-being, with mental illness having the strongest negative effect (β = -0.635, t(1015) = -6.49, p < .001). CONCLUSIONS These findings underscore the relationship between childhood adversity and mental health, offering insights for future prevention efforts and enriching our understanding of ACEs and their impact on well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Bartolomé-Valenzuela
- Research Group on Child and Adolescent Victimization (GReVIA), Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Noemí Pereda
- Research Group on Child and Adolescent Victimization (GReVIA), Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Georgina Guilera
- Research Group on Child and Adolescent Victimization (GReVIA), Department of Social Psychology and Quantitative Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Fujimoto H, Heywood A, Maston K, Brown L, Bartholomew A, Werner-Seidler A, Christensen H, Batterham PJ. What aspects of the pandemic had the greatest impact on adolescent mental health: duration of lockdown or subjective experience? Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2024; 18:63. [PMID: 38824582 PMCID: PMC11144333 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-024-00759-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic negatively impacted global mental health, with adolescents experiencing disproportionate effects. Limited research has explored the impact of different pandemic restrictions on adolescent mental health, and only a few studies have examined the longer-term impacts of the pandemic on adolescent mental health. These investigations are crucial for informing public health policies, particularly the integration of mental health care in future public health emergencies. METHODS This study aimed to investigate the impact of lockdown duration and the impact of adolescents' subjective experiences of the pandemic on their wellbeing, internalising symptoms, and externalising symptoms. Australian adolescents (N = 1,001, mean age = 14.2 years) completed a baseline survey in 2021, shortly after pandemic lockdowns were lifted (Time 1), and a follow-up survey approximately 12 months later (Time 2). Predictors of interest were the total duration of COVID-19 lockdowns across 2020-2021, and adolescents' subjective experiences of the pandemic on their social connections, learning, technology use and family relationships. A range of covariates were included in analyses to examine subgroup differences. RESULTS Linear mixed-effects models indicated that total duration of the lockdown was not associated with any of the outcomes at Time 1 or Time 2 (all ps > 0.017). Negative subjective experience of the pandemic on learning was associated with greater externalising symptoms at both Time 1 (t = 5.17, df = 980, p <.001) and Time 2 (t = 2.72, df = 708, p =.007). Negative subjective experience of the pandemic on social connection was associated with greater internalising symptoms at Time 2 only (t = 3.20, df = 709, p =.001). Negative subjective experience of the pandemic on family relationships or technology use was not associated with any of the outcomes at Time 1 or Time 2 (all ps > 0.017). CONCLUSIONS Adolescents' negative subjective experience of the pandemic on learning and social connections was associated with greater internalising and externalising symptoms after the lockdown had been lifted. Duration of lockdowns was not associated with any of the primary outcomes. During future public health emergencies, mental health interventions should be tailored to assist adolescents to adapt to new learning environments, and to build and maintain social connections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Fujimoto
- Black Dog Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
- School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Anita Heywood
- School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kate Maston
- Black Dog Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | | | - Aliza Werner-Seidler
- Black Dog Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Helen Christensen
- School of Clinical Medicine, Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Philip J Batterham
- Centre for Mental Health Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
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Fekih-Romdhane F, Al Mouzakzak F, Abilmona G, Dahdouh O, Hallit S. Validation and optimal cut-off score of the World Health Organization Well-being Index (WHO-5) as a screening tool for depression among patients with schizophrenia. BMC Psychiatry 2024; 24:391. [PMID: 38783217 PMCID: PMC11112932 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-024-05814-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The utility of the World Health Organization Wellbeing Index (WHO-5) as rapid screening tool for depression has not yet been researched in the context of schizophrenia. The goals of this study were twofold: (1) to test the psychometric properties of the WHO-5 in a sample of Arabic-speaking patients with schizophrenia from Lebanon, with particular emphasis on validating the WHO-5 as a screening tool for wellbeing and depression in patients with schizophrenia; and (2) to determine the optimal cut-off point to identify schizophrenia patients with depression. METHODS Chronic, remitted patients with schizophrenia took part in this cross-sectional study between August and October 2023 (n = 117; mean age of 57.86 ± 10.88 years and 63.3% males). The Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia (CDSS) was included as index of validity. For the validation of the WHO-5 scale, we performed a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) using the original structure of the scale. To assess the discriminatory validity of the Arabic version of the WHO-5 as a screening tool for depression, we conducted a Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, taking the WHO-5 reversed score against the dichotomized CDSS score at a cut off value of 6. RESULTS The results of CFA supported the originally proposed unidimensional structure of the measure, with good internal consistency reliability (α = 0.80), concurrent validity, and cross-sex measurement invariance. The WHO-5 showed a sensitivity of 0.8 and a specificity of 0.7 in the detection of depression with a cut-off point of 9.5. The validity of the WHO-5 as a screening tool for depression was supported by the excellent discrimination AUC value of 0.838. Based on this WHO-5 cut-off value, 42.6% of the patients were screened as having a depression. CONCLUSION The study contributes to the field by showing that the WHO-5 is a concise and convenient self-report measure for quickly screening and monitoring depressive symptoms in patients with schizophrenia. It is therefore highly recommended to apply this cut-off point for screening and follow-up assessments. The current findings will hopefully encourage clinicians and researchers working in Arab settings, who are often confronted with significant time and resource constraints, to start using the WHO-5 to aid their efforts in mitigating depression in this vulnerable population and fostering research in this under-researched area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feten Fekih-Romdhane
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia.
- The Tunisian Center of Early Intervention in Psychosis, Department of psychiatry "Ibn Omrane", Razi hospital, Manouba, 2010, Tunisia.
| | | | | | - Oussama Dahdouh
- Faculty of Science, Lebanese University, Fanar, Lebanon
- Research Department, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, P.O. Box 60096, Jal Eddib, Lebanon
| | - Souheil Hallit
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, P.O. Box 446, Jounieh, Lebanon.
- Department of Psychology, College of Humanities, Effat University, 21478 Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
- Applied Science Research Center, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan.
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Camus L, Rajendran G, Stewart ME. Social self-efficacy and mental well-being in autistic adults: Exploring the role of social identity. AUTISM : THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2024; 28:1258-1267. [PMID: 37728250 PMCID: PMC11067414 DOI: 10.1177/13623613231195799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
LAY ABSTRACT In the past, research has suggested that autistic people are not able to communicate well with non-autistic people because of autistic people's communication difficulties. However, newer theories question this conclusion. It is now thought that the communication difficulties may be because autistic and non-autistic people both struggle to understand each other. This study explores how these differences in shared understanding relate to autistic people's mental well-being, confidence in social situations and social identities (groups that we belong to and that influence how we see ourselves). We created an online survey taken by 512 autistic adults, which included questions about their confidence being social with people from different groups (such as other autistic people or people they share a hobby with), about the social groups they felt they belong to and about their mental well-being. First, participants reported higher social confidence when interacting with members of a social group they belonged to. Second, being confident during these interactions was linked to higher mental well-being. Finally, the groups participants belonged to did not influence the link between social confidence and mental well-being. These findings are important as they help us better understand autistic people's experiences of social interactions and what contributes to good and poor mental well-being in autistic people. They also help us to think further about how to improve autistic people's well-being.
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Ayorinde A, Grove A, Ghosh I, Harlock J, Meehan E, Tyldesley-Marshall N, Briggs A, Clarke A, Al-Khudairy L. What is the best way to evaluate social prescribing? A qualitative feasibility assessment for a national impact evaluation study in England. J Health Serv Res Policy 2024; 29:111-121. [PMID: 38101334 PMCID: PMC10910745 DOI: 10.1177/13558196231212854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Despite significant investment in social prescribing in England over the last decade, we still do not know if it works, or how models of social prescribing fit within wider health and care policy and practice. This study explores current service delivery structures and assesses the feasibility of a national evaluation of the link worker model. METHODS Semi-structured interviews were conducted between May and September 2020, with 25 key informants from across social prescribing services in England. Participants included link workers, voluntary, community and social enterprise staff, and those involved in policy and decision-making for social prescribing services. Interview and workshop transcripts were analysed thematically, adopting a framework approach. RESULTS We found differences in how services are provided, including by individual link workers, and between organisations and regions. Standards, referral pathways, reporting, and monitoring structures differ or are lacking in voluntary services as compared to clinical services. People can self-refer to a link worker or be referred by a third party, but the lack of standardised processes generated confusion in both public and professional perceptions of the link worker model. We identified challenges in determining the appropriate outcomes and outcome measures needed to assess the impact of the link worker model. CONCLUSIONS The current varied service delivery structures in England poses major challenges for a national impact evaluation. Any future rigorous evaluation needs to be underpinned with national standardised outcomes and process measures which promote uniform data collection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amy Grove
- Division of Health Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Iman Ghosh
- Division of Health Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Jenny Harlock
- Division of Health Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | | | | | - Adam Briggs
- Division of Health Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Aileen Clarke
- Division of Health Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Lena Al-Khudairy
- Division of Health Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
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Pakpour AH, Eriksson M, Erixon I, Broström A, Bengtsson S, Jakobsson M, Huus K. The Short Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale (SWEMWBS) - A psychometric evaluation of adolescents in Sweden during the COVID-19 pandemic. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27620. [PMID: 38510050 PMCID: PMC10950601 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The Short Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale (SWEMWBS) is effective in assessing positive aspects of mental health. Despite its advantages, little is known about group differences in the interpretation of SWEMWBS items across age groups, especially during the adolescence period. Hence, this study examined the psychometric properties of the SWEMWBS through Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), Rasch analysis and network analysis of Swedish adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 5548 participants from the south of Sweden (i.e., Jönköping County) took part in this cross-sectional study through an online platform between September 2020 and October 2020. The CFA, Rasch (including differential item functioning, DIF) analysis and network analysis were used to examine the psychometric properties and measurement invariance of the SWEMWBS. The SWEMWBS had a unidimensional structure with robust psychometric properties. The CFA demonstrated measurement invariance across gender, school year and country of birth, which was also confirmed by Rasch DIF. Furthermore, considerable associations between the items of the SWEMWBS, general health and COVID-19 impact items were observed in network analysis. The SWEMWBS showed robust psychometric properties capable of assessing positive aspects of mental health and well-being among adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir H. Pakpour
- Department of Nursing, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Marit Eriksson
- Futurum - the Academy for Health and Care, Region Jönköping County, Sweden
- Department of Public Health and Health Care, Region Jönköping County, Sweden
| | - Ida Erixon
- Department of Public Health and Health Care, Region Jönköping County, Sweden
| | - Anders Broström
- Department of Nursing, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Linköping University Hospital, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Health and Caring Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Vestlandet, Norway
| | - Staffan Bengtsson
- CHILD-research Group, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Sweden
- Department of Social Work, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Malin Jakobsson
- Department of Nursing, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden
- CHILD-research Group, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Sweden
| | - Karina Huus
- Department of Nursing, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden
- CHILD-research Group, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Sweden
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Leung H, Lim M, Lim WO, Lee SA, Lee J. Psychological well-being of healthcare workers during COVID-19 in a mental health institution. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0300329. [PMID: 38498513 PMCID: PMC10947715 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study examined the psychological wellbeing of Healthcare Workers (HCWs) during COVID-19 in a mental health setting, associations of psychosocial wellbeing with coping style, and ways that organisations can mitigate the psychosocial burden on HCWs. METHODS Thirty-seven Mental HCWs (MHCWs) from infected and non-infected wards (control group), were recruited and assessed at three timepoints. Psychological wellbeing, perceived cohesion, and coping style (Brief-COPE) were assessed. Reports on individual coping and feedback on the organisation were collected through in-depth interview. Comparison between infected and non-infected wards, as well as comparison of psychosocial measures and perceived cohesion, across the three timepoints were made. As there were no significant changes in coping styles across the timepoints, Timepoint 1 (T1) coping style was used to correlate with the psychosocial measures across all timepoints. Thematic analysis was used for qualitative data. RESULTS MHCWs from infected wards reported significantly higher levels of stress, χ2(1) = 6.74, p = 0.009, effect size: medium (ε2 = 0.198), and more severe sleep disturbance (PSQI), χ2(1) = 6.20, p = 0.013, effect size: medium (ε2 = 0.182), as compared to the control group at T2. They also engaged in more problem-focused coping (T2 and T3) and emotion-focused coping (T2). As expected, negative coping style was correlated with negative outcomes except problem-focused coping that was correlated with both negative (sleep disturbance and anxiety symptoms) and positive outcomes (wellbeing). Emotion-focused coping was moderately correlated (Tb = 0.348, p<0.017) with higher levels of wellbeing at T2. Thematic analyses revealed MHCWs felt supported by the responsiveness of the institution, emotional and informational support, and the availability from direct leaders, presence of team and hospital leaders on the ground, helped build trust and confidence in the leadership. CONCLUSIONS MHCWs experienced significantly higher levels of stress and sleep disturbance during COVID-19. The ways that organizations can offset the psychological burden of pandemics on MHCWs are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- HoiTing Leung
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Madeline Lim
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wee Onn Lim
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sara-Ann Lee
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jimmy Lee
- Population and Global Health, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- North Region, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
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Mareva S, Chapman B, Hardwick R, Hewlett C, Mitchell S, Sanders A, Hayes R. The Mental Wellbeing of Child and Adolescent Mental Health Service (CAMHS) Workers in England: A Cross-Sectional Descriptive Study Reporting Levels of Burnout, Wellbeing and Job Satisfaction. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:430. [PMID: 38391806 PMCID: PMC10888124 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12040430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
In the UK, there has been a notable increase in referrals to specialist children's mental health services. This, coupled with shortages of qualified staff, has raised concerns about the escalating occupational stress experienced by staff in this sector. In this brief report, we present cross-sectional quantitative data from 97 staff members working in one Child and Adolescent Mental Health Service (CAMHS) in the UK during spring 2023, reporting on their wellbeing, job satisfaction, and burnout. Our findings reveal that over a third of CAMHS staff experienced moderate or high levels of work-related burnout; 39% reported moderate or high levels of personal burnout, but levels of client-related burnout were much lower (13%). Both work- and client-related burnout showed a robust negative relationship with job satisfaction, with higher burnout predicting lower levels of job satisfaction. Only a small proportion of respondents reported high levels of wellbeing, with about a quarter experiencing levels of wellbeing that can be considered indicative of mild or clinical depressive symptoms. Whilst these results are from a small sample in one area of the UK, they present an important snapshot of CAMHS staff wellbeing and are discussed in the context of similar trends reported in the wider NHS sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvana Mareva
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX1 2LU, UK
| | - Beth Chapman
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX1 2LU, UK
| | - Rebecca Hardwick
- Peninsula Medical School, Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL6 8BH, UK
| | - Charlotte Hewlett
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX1 2LU, UK
| | - Siobhan Mitchell
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX1 2LU, UK
| | - Amy Sanders
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX1 2LU, UK
| | - Rachel Hayes
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX1 2LU, UK
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Anjum A, Mousum S, Ratan ZA, Salwa M, Khan MMH, Islam MT, Arafat SMY, Haque MA. Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and associated factors in Bangladeshi adolescents during COVID-19. Health Sci Rep 2024; 7:e1927. [PMID: 38390353 PMCID: PMC10883089 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.1927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims The COVID-19 pandemic and its accompanying countermeasures significantly disrupt the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of adolescents. We aimed to estimate the status and associated factors related to HRQoL of adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic from the community population of Bangladesh. Methods This cross-sectional study followed two-stage sampling. From eight administrative divisions of Bangladesh, 2030 adolescents were enrolled. The KIDSCREEN-10 index was used to measure the HRQoL of adolescents. In addition to this, adolescents' data on sociodemographics, mental well-being, parenting style, insomnia, food insecurity, depression, anxiety and stress, resilient coping, screen-based activity, and anthropometry were taken for finding out the factors associated with HRQoL of adolescents. The hierarchical multilinear regression was performed to assess the association. Results More than 47% of adolescents were found to have moderate and high HRQoL, while 4.7% of adolescents experienced low HRQoL during data collection. Higher age (B: -0.671), having more siblings (B: -0.316), food insecurity (B: ‒2.010), depression (B: ‒0.321), anxiety (B: ‒0.362), and stress (B: ‒0.150) were found to have significantly negative associations with adolescents' HRQoL during the COVID-19 pandemic. Whereas, positive parenting (B: 0.409), inconsistent parenting discipline (B: 0.266), good mental health (B: 5.662), resilient coping (B: 0.306) were found to have significant positive relationships. Conclusions The findings from this study indicate that over 52% of the adolescents reported a moderate and lower level of HRQoL. In light of these results, it may be beneficial to prioritize interventions targeting psychological factors such as depression, anxiety, and stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afifa Anjum
- Department of Psychiatry University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
- Department of Public Health and Informatics Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University Dhaka Bangladesh
| | - Sabrina Mousum
- Department of Public Health and Informatics Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University Dhaka Bangladesh
| | - Zubair Ahmed Ratan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Khulna University of Engineering and Technology Khulna Bangladesh
- School of Health & Society, Faculty of The Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities University of Wollongong Wollongong New South Wales Australia
| | - Marium Salwa
- Department of Public Health and Informatics Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University Dhaka Bangladesh
| | - Md Maruf H Khan
- Department of Public Health and Informatics Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University Dhaka Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Tanvir Islam
- Department of Internal Medicine Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University Dhaka Bangladesh
| | - S M Yasir Arafat
- Department of Psychiatry Enam Medical College and Hospital Dhaka Bangladesh
| | - M Atiqul Haque
- Department of Public Health and Informatics Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University Dhaka Bangladesh
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Keetharuth AD, Gray LA, McGrane E, Worboys H, Orozco-Leal G. Mapping Short Warwick and Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale (SWEMWBS) to Recovering Quality of Life (ReQoL) to estimate health utilities. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2024; 22:7. [PMID: 38221610 PMCID: PMC10789009 DOI: 10.1186/s12955-023-02220-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Short Warwick and Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale (SWEMWBS) is a widely used non-preference-based measure of mental health in the UK. The primary aim of this paper is to construct an algorithm to translate the SWEMWBS scores to utilities using the Recovering Quality of Life Utility Index (ReQoL-UI) measure. METHODS Service users experiencing mental health difficulties were recruited in two separate cross-sectional studies in the UK. The following direct mapping functions were used: Ordinary Least Square, Tobit, Generalised Linear Models. Indirect (response) mapping was performed using seemingly unrelated ordered probit to predict responses to each of the ReQoL-UI items and subsequently to predict using UK tariffs of the ReQoL-UI from SWEMWBS. The performance of all models was assessed by the mean absolute errors, root mean square errors between the predicted and observed utilities and graphical representations across the SWEMWBS score range. RESULTS Analyses were based on 2573 respondents who had complete data on the ReQoL-UI items, SWEMWBS items, age and sex. The direct mapping methods predicted ReQoL-UI scores across the range of SWEMWBS scores reasonably well. Very little differences were found among the three regression specifications in terms of model fit and visual inspection when comparing modelled and actual utility values across the score range of the SWEMWBS. However, when running simulations to consider uncertainty, it is clear that response mapping is superior. CONCLUSIONS This study presents mapping algorithms from SWEMWBS to ReQoL as an alternative way to generate utilities from SWEMWBS. The algorithm from the indirect mapping is recommended to predict utilities from the SWEMWBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anju Devianee Keetharuth
- Sheffield Centre for Health and Related Research, School of Medicine and Population Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
| | - Laura A Gray
- Sheffield Centre for Health and Related Research, School of Medicine and Population Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Ellen McGrane
- Sheffield Centre for Health and Related Research, School of Medicine and Population Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Hannah Worboys
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Life Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Giovany Orozco-Leal
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
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Zayed K, Omara E, Al-Shamli A, Al-Rawahi N, Haramlah AA, Al-Attiyah AA, Al-Haddabi B, Al-Yarobi A, Al-Busafi M, Al-Jadidi K. A validation study of the Arabic version of the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being scale among undergraduate students. BMC Psychol 2023; 11:399. [PMID: 37978539 PMCID: PMC10657025 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-023-01443-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The main aim of this study was to assess the validity of the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale (WEMWBS) and the short version of the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale (SWEMWBS) and to evaluate the metric properties of both versions by using a sample of undergraduate students from three Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries (Oman, Qatar, and Saudi Arabia). METHODS Six hundred ninety undergraduate students (340 M and 350 F; mean age = 21.16 ± 2.44) from Oman, Qatar, and Saudi Arabia (NOM = 238, NQA = 215, NSA = 237), voluntarily participated in this cross-section study. All of them responded to the WEMWBS, Basic Psychological Needs Satisfaction Frustration (BPNSFS), and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II). The methodology involved utilizing descriptive statistics to understand the data's characteristics, internal consistency analysis for reliability, correlation analysis for convergent validity, confirmatory factor analysis to validate the scales, and measurement invariance testing to ensure cross-group comparability. Model fit indices were employed to gauge the goodness of fit. RESULTS The translated Arabic versions of the WEMWBS and SWEMWBS showed good reliability, with Cronbach's alpha values of 0.867 and 0.772, respectively. The findings of confirmatory factor analysis asserted the one-factor solution to interpret the item variances of the 14-item WEMWBS and 7-item SWEMWBS. The WEMWBS and SWEMWBS also showed significant positive relationships with need satisfaction and negative relationship with need frustration, and depression. Moreover, the SWEMWBS showed partial scalar invariance across genders and countries, while the WEMWBS showed only partial metric invariance across the three countries and partial scalar invariance across genders. CONCLUSIONS Our study highlights the appropriateness of both versions of the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale (WEMWBS) in assessing the psychological well-being of Arab undergraduate students. The employment of these tools is strongly encouraged for the assessment of mental well-being within a comparable adult population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kashef Zayed
- Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman.
| | - Ehab Omara
- Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
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Hanzlová R, Lynn P. Item response theory-based psychometric analysis of the Short Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale (SWEMWBS) among adolescents in the UK. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2023; 21:108. [PMID: 37773069 PMCID: PMC10540427 DOI: 10.1186/s12955-023-02192-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Middle and late adolescence is the period in a person's life that is most vulnerable to mental health problems. To enable an evidence base that can support policies to prevent such problems, it is crucial to have good quality, reliable, and accurate measurement tools for mental well-being. One of them is the Short Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale (SWEMWBS). This study aimed to test the psychometric properties of the SWEMWBS on a large sample of adolescents aged 16 to 19 from the United Kingdom (UK) (N = 8,090). Data were from four waves of the longitudinal panel study Understanding Society. METHODS The analysis was conducted using Item Response Theory (IRT), which is the most appropriate method for testing psychometric properties. The Graded Response Model (GRM) was applied to the data. The reliability and criterion validity of the SWEMWBS were also examined. RESULTS The presented results confirm the very good psychometric properties of the SWEMWBS amongst adolescents aged 16 to 19 years. The assumptions for the use (unidimensionality, local non-independence, monotonicity) of IRT were met. The results of GRM showed very high discriminant power for all items. The five-category response scale performed optimally; however, differences were found between points on the response scale both between and within items. In general, the scale as a whole showed very good functioning, but particularly in the negative values of mental well-being. CONCLUSIONS The SWEMWBS was confirmed as a concise, reliable, and valid instrument for measuring mental well-being among older UK adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radka Hanzlová
- Institute of Sociology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.
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14
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Ashdown-Franks G, Sabiston CM, Stubbs B, Atkinson M, Quirk H, Bullas A, Haake S. parkrun participation, impact and perceived social inclusion among runners/walkers and volunteers with mental health conditions. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2023; 28:2621-2634. [PMID: 36881438 DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2023.2185643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Engagement in recreation can positively impact the physical and mental health of those experiencing mental health challenges; however, the impact of engaging in other aspects of such recreation, such as volunteering, remain largely unexplored in this population. Volunteering is known to have a wealth of health and wellbeing benefits among the general population; therefore, the impact of recreational-based volunteering for those with mental health conditions deserves to be explored. The current study sought to examine the health, social and wellbeing impacts of parkrun engagement among runners and volunteers living with a mental health condition. Participants with a mental health condition (N = 1661, M(SD)age = 43.4 (12.8) years, 66% female) completed self-reported questionnaires. A MANOVA was conducted to examine the differences in health and wellbeing impacts between those who run/walk vs. those who run/walk and volunteer, while chi-square analyses examined variables of perceived social inclusion. Findings suggest that there was a statistically significant multivariate effect of participation type on perceived parkrun impact (F (10, 1470) = 7.13; p < 0.001; Wilk's Λ = 0.954, partial η2 = 0.046). It was also found that for those who run/walk and volunteer, compared to those who only run/walk, parkrun made them more feel part of a community (56% v 29% respectively, X2(1) = 116.70, p < 0.001) and facilitated them meeting new people (60% v 24% respectively, X2 (1) = 206.67, p < 0.001). These results suggest that the health, wellbeing, and social inclusion benefits of parkrun participation are different for those who run and volunteer, compared to those who only run. These findings may have public health implications and clinical implications for mental health treatment, as they convey that it is not simply the physical engagement in recreation that may play a role in one's recovery, but also the volunteer aspect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garcia Ashdown-Franks
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Catherine M Sabiston
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Brendon Stubbs
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Michael Atkinson
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Helen Quirk
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Alice Bullas
- Advanced Wellbeing Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
| | - Steve Haake
- Advanced Wellbeing Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
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McCartan C, Davidson G, Bradley L, Greer K, Knifton L, Mulholland A, Webb P, White C. 'Lifts your spirits, lifts your mind': A co-produced mixed-methods exploration of the benefits of green and blue spaces for mental wellbeing. Health Expect 2023. [PMID: 37128668 DOI: 10.1111/hex.13773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mental health problems are a considerable public health issue and spending time in nature has been promoted as a way to access a range of psychological benefits leading to the development of nature-based interventions for people with severe and enduring mental health problems. Less, however, is understood about the potential benefits and efficacy of day-to-day routine access to outdoor green and blue spaces for mental health service users. METHODS Using a mixed-methods design between April and October 2021, we explored the benefits and barriers to spending time outdoors with a purposive sample of mental health service users (N = 11) using qualitative interviews and an online general population survey (N = 1791). Qualitative evidence highlighted the restorative benefits of nature and identified a number of barriers associated with fears around personal safety, social anxiety, fatigue and lack of motivation. COVID-19 had also restricted access to green and blue spaces. Having social contact and support encouraged people to spend time outdoors. In the quantitative survey, self-report and standardised measures (the Patient Health Questionnaire and the Warwick-Edinburgh Wellbeing Scale) were used to assess past and current mental wellbeing. FINDINGS Statistically significant differences were found between wellbeing and the use of green and blue spaces. Those with mental health problems spent time outdoors because they: felt guilty; wanted to reduce their anxiety; or rely on someone for encouragement. Those without mental health problems endorsed more positively framed reasons including relaxation, improving physical health or getting exercise. Barriers for people with mental health problems involved safety concerns, feeling anxious and having a poor self-image. These findings give insight into motivations for an outdoor activity to help inform the design of public mental health interventions. CONCLUSION Further work is required to improve access and safety to promote the benefits of green and blue spaces for everyone. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION The research team included expert experienced researchers with a mental health service provider (Praxis Care) and they were involved in the development of the research idea, funding application, design, data collection, analysis, writing up and dissemination activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire McCartan
- Regional Trauma Network, IMPACT Research Centre, Northern Health and Social Care Trust, Antrim, UK
- School of Social Sciences, Education and Social Work, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Gavin Davidson
- School of Social Sciences, Education and Social Work, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
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Parkin K, Chen S, Biria M, Plaistow J, Beckwith H, Jarratt-Barnham I, Segarra N, Worbe Y, Fineberg NA, Cardinal RN, Robbins TW, Fernandez-Egea E. Clozapine-related obsessive-compulsive symptoms and their impact on wellbeing: a naturalistic longitudinal study. Psychol Med 2023; 53:2936-2945. [PMID: 35469587 PMCID: PMC10235641 DOI: 10.1017/s003329172100492x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS) are commonly associated with clozapine treatment but are frequently overlooked by clinicians despite their potential impact on patients' quality of life. In this study, we explored whether OCS severity impacted subjective wellbeing and general functioning, independently of depressive and psychotic symptoms. METHODS We used anonymised electronic healthcare records from a large cohort of patients who were treated with clozapine and assessed annually for OCS, wellbeing, general functioning, and psychopathology using standardised scales as part of routine clinical practice. We used statistical mixed linear model techniques to evaluate the longitudinal influence of OCS severity on wellbeing and general functioning. RESULTS A total of 184 patients were included, with 527 face-to-face assessments and 64.7% evaluated three or more times. Different linear mixed models demonstrated that OCS in patients treated with clozapine were associated with significantly worse wellbeing scores, independently of depression and psychotic symptoms, but OCS did not impair general functioning. Obsessional thinking and hoarding behaviour, but not compulsions, were significantly associated with the impact on wellbeing, which may be attributable to the ego-syntonic nature of the compulsions. CONCLUSIONS Given the frequent occurrence of OCS and their negative impact on wellbeing, we encourage clinicians to routinely assess and treat OCS in patients who are taking clozapine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Parkin
- Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Shanquan Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Marjan Biria
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - James Plaistow
- Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Helen Beckwith
- Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Isaac Jarratt-Barnham
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nuria Segarra
- Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Yulia Worbe
- Sorbonne Université, Paris 05, France
- Department of Neurophysiology, Saint-Antoine Hospital, Paris, France
- INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Institute du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, Paris, France
| | - Naomi A. Fineberg
- Hertfordshire Partnership University NHS Foundation Trust, Welwyn Garden City, UK
- School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK
- University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Rudolf N. Cardinal
- Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Trevor W. Robbins
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Emilio Fernandez-Egea
- Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Yiu HHE, Buckell J, Petrou S, Stewart-Brown S, Madan J. Derivation of a UK preference-based value set for the Short Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale (SWEMWBS) to allow estimation of Mental Well-being Adjusted Life Years (MWALYs). Soc Sci Med 2023; 327:115928. [PMID: 37201343 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.115928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Mental Well-being Adjusted Life Year (MWALY) is an alternative outcome measure to the quality-adjusted life year (QALY) in economic evaluations of interventions aimed at improving mental well-being. However, there is a lack of preference-based mental well-being instruments for capturing population mental well-being preferences. OBJECTIVES To derive a UK preference-based value set for the Short Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale (SWEMWBS). METHODS 225 participants that were interviewed between December 2020 and August 2021 completed 10 composite time trade-off (C-TTO) and 10 discrete choice experiment (DCE) interviewer-administered exercises. Heteroskedastic Tobit and conditional logit models were used to model C-TTO and DCE responses respectively. The DCE utility values were rescaled to a C-TTO comparable scale through anchoring and mapping. An inverse variance weighting hybrid model (IVWHM) was used to derive weighted-average coefficients from the modelled C-TTO and DCE coefficients. Model performance was assessed using statistical diagnostics. RESULTS The valuation responses confirmed the feasibility and face validity of the C-TTO and DCE techniques. Apart from the main effects models, statistically significant associations were estimated between the predicted C-TTO value and participants' SWEMWBS scores, gender, ethnicities, education levels, and the interaction terms between age and useful feeling. The IVWHM was the most optimal model with the fewest logically inconsistent coefficients and the lowest pooled standard errors. The utility values generated by the rescaled DCE models and the IVWHM were generally higher than those of the C-TTO model. The predictive ability of the two DCE rescaling methods was similar according to the mean absolute deviation and root mean square deviation statistics. CONCLUSIONS This study has produced the first preference-based value set for a measure of mental well-being. The IVWHM provided a desirable blend of both C-TTO and DCE models. The value set derived by this hybrid approach can be used for cost-utility analyses of mental well-being interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hei Hang Edmund Yiu
- Centre for Health Economics at Warwick, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom; Centre for Safe Medication Practice and Research, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
| | - John Buckell
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
| | - Stavros Petrou
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
| | - Sarah Stewart-Brown
- Division of Health Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom.
| | - Jason Madan
- Centre for Health Economics at Warwick, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom.
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Jomy J, Jani P, Sheikh F, Charide R, Mah J, Couban RJ, Kligler B, Darzi AJ, White BK, Hoppe T, Busse JW, Zeraatkar D. Health measurement instruments and their applicability to military veterans: a systematic review. BMJ Mil Health 2023:military-2022-002219. [PMID: 37028907 DOI: 10.1136/military-2022-002219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Accurate measurement of health status is essential to assess veterans' needs and the effects of interventions directed at improving veterans' well-being. We conducted a systematic review to identify instruments that measure subjective health status, considering four components (ie, physical, mental, social or spiritual well-being). METHODS Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses, we searched CINAHL, MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, Web of Science, JSTOR, ERIC, Social Sciences Abstracts and ProQuest in June 2021 for studies reporting on the development or evaluation of instruments measuring subjective health among outpatient populations. We assessed risk of bias with the Consensus-based Standards for the Selection of Health Measurement Instruments tool and engaged three veteran partners to independently assess the clarity and applicability of identified instruments. RESULTS Of 5863 abstracts screened, we identified 45 eligible articles that reported health-related instruments in the following categories: general health (n=19), mental health (n=7), physical health (n=8), social health (n=3) and spiritual health (n=8). We found evidence for adequate internal consistency for 39 instruments (87%) and good test-retest reliability for 24 (53%) instruments. Of these, our veteran partners identified five instruments for the measurement of subjective health (Military to Civilian Questionnaire (M2C-Q), Veterans RAND 36-Item Health Survey (VR-36), Short Form 36, Abbreviated World Health Organization Quality of Life questionnaire (WHOQOL-BREF) and Sleep Health Scale) as clear and very applicable to veterans. Of the two instruments developed and validated among veterans, the 16-item M2C-Q considered most components of health (mental, social and spiritual). Of the three instruments not validated among veterans, only the 26-item WHOQOL-BREF considered all four components of health. CONCLUSION We identified 45 health measurement instruments of which, among those reporting adequate psychometric properties and endorsed by our veteran partners, 2 instruments showed the most promise for measurement of subjective health. The M2C-Q, which requires augmentation to capture physical health (eg, the physical component score of the VR-36), and the WHOQOL-BREF, which requires validation among veterans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Jomy
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto Temerty, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - P Jani
- School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - F Sheikh
- Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - R Charide
- Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - J Mah
- Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - R J Couban
- Michael G DeGroote National Pain Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - B Kligler
- Office of Patient Centered Care and Cultural Transformation, Veterans Health Administration, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - A J Darzi
- Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - B K White
- The Canadian Veterans Chronic Pain Centre of Excellence, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - T Hoppe
- The Canadian Veterans Chronic Pain Centre of Excellence, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - J W Busse
- Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Anesthesia, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - D Zeraatkar
- Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Hong Y, Jiang X, Zhang T, Luo N, Yang Z. Examining the relationship between the Short Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale (SWEMWBS) and EQ-5D-5L and comparing their psychometric properties. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2023; 21:25. [PMID: 36927468 PMCID: PMC10018827 DOI: 10.1186/s12955-023-02108-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between the Short Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale (SWEMWBS) and EQ-5D-5L and compare their psychometric properties in 4 chronic conditions in China. METHODS Participants were invited to complete the online survey. Spearman's rank correlation was used to evaluate the correlation between SWEMWBS and EQ-5D-5L; exploratory factor analysis was used to ascertain the number of unique underlying latent factors measured by SWEMWBS and EQ-5D-5L. Next, we assessed the psychometric properties of SWEMWBS and EQ-5D-5L by reporting distributions and examining their known-group validity and convergent validity. RESULTS In total, 500 individuals participated the online survey. Spearman's rank correlation showed that EQ-5D-5L dimensions, except for the anxiety/depression dimension, were weakly correlated with all dimensions of SWEMWBS. The two-factor solution for exploratory factor analysis found that all of SWEMWBS dimensions loaded onto one factor, four EQ-5D-5L dimensions (mobility, self-care, usual activities and pain/discomfort) onto another, and the EQ-5D-5L item of anxiety/depression item loaded moderately onto both factors. Patients of four disease groups had different distributions of responses for both SWEMWBS and EQ-5D-5L. In terms of known-group validity, both the F statistic and AUROC value of EQ-5D-5L utility scores were significantly higher than SWEMWBS scores in all four pair-wised comparisons. The Pearson correlation coefficient between EQ-5D-5L utility scores, SWEMWBS scores and EQ-VAS was 0.44 (P < 0.01) and 0.65 (P < 0.01), respectively. CONCLUSIONS SWEMWBS and EQ-5D-5L measure different constructs and can be seen as complementary measures. Both measures demonstrated good convergent validity and known-group validity with EQ-5D-5L being a more sensitive measure, even for mental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanming Hong
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinru Jiang
- Tianhe Foreign Language School, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Tiantian Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Luo
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhihao Yang
- Health Services Management Department, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, People's Republic of China.
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Ravalier J, McFadden P, Gillen P, Mallett J, Nicholl P, Neill R, Manthorpe J, Moriarty J, Schroder H, Curry D. Working conditions and well-being in UK social care and social work during COVID-19. JOURNAL OF SOCIAL WORK (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2023; 23:165-188. [PMID: 38603207 PMCID: PMC9264376 DOI: 10.1177/14680173221109483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Summary Stress and mental health are among the biggest causes of sickness absence in the UK, with the Social Work and Social Care sectors having among the highest levels of stress and mental health sickness absence of all professions in the UK. Chronically poor working conditions are known to impact employees' psychological and physiological health. The spread of the COVID-19 pandemic has affected both the mode and method of work in Social Care and Social Work. Through a series of cross-sectional online surveys, completed by a total of 4,950 UK Social Care and Social Workers, this study reports the changing working conditions and well-being of UK Social Care and Social Workers at two time points (phases) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Findings All working conditions and well-being measures were found to be significantly worse during Phase 2 (November-January 2021) than Phase 1 (May-July 2020), with worse psychological well-being than the UK average in Phase 2. Furthermore, our findings indicate that in January 2021, feelings about general well-being, control at work, and working conditions predicted worsened psychological well-being. Applications Our findings highlight the importance of understanding and addressing the impact of the pandemic on the Social Care and Social Work workforce, thus highlighting that individuals, organizations, and governments need to develop mechanisms to support these employees during and beyond the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ruth Neill
- University of
Ulster, Londonderry, Northern Ireland, UK
| | | | | | | | - Denise Curry
- Queen’s University
Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
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Chalker SA, Pozun CT, Ehret BC. Functional impairment, internalized stigma, and well-being: Considerations for recovery-oriented suicide prevention for U.S. Veterans with serious mental illness. PRACTICE INNOVATIONS (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2023; 2023. [PMID: 37900980 PMCID: PMC10601383 DOI: 10.1037/pri0000213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Veterans Health Administration's (VHA) Psychosocial Rehabilitation and Recovery Centers (PRRCs) provide recovery-oriented care to Veterans with serious mental illness (SMI). As part of program evaluation, PRRC providers regularly assess recovery-oriented outcomes. Given the high rates of suicidal thoughts and behaviors among Veterans with SMI, understanding such outcomes in relation to suicide risk is crucial. Among Veterans entering a PRRC (N=4,731), the present study aimed to a) report suicidal ideation frequency in the past two weeks across demographics and psychiatric diagnoses, b) explore rates of current functional impairment, internalized stigma, and well-being, and c) examine differences in suicidal ideation frequency and functional impairment, internalized stigma, and well-being. Measurements before treatment were utilized. Younger (ρ=-.08, p<.001), married (z=-5.23, p<.001) Veterans, those not identifying as Black or African American (z=-4.80, p<.001), not diagnosed with schizophrenia (z=-6.97, <.001), diagnosed with depressive disorders (z=-8.79, <.001), anxiety disorders (z=-5.01, <.001), posttraumatic stress disorder (z=-7.69, <.001), or personality disorders (z=-7.12, <.001) were significantly more likely to endorse suicidal ideation. Veterans in this cohort had higher than average functional impairment (M=18.05, SD=9.85), mild internalized stigma (M=2.36, SD=0.51), and lower than average well-being (M=18.96, SD=3.93). The more often a Veteran reported thinking about suicide in the past two weeks, the more likely the Veteran viewed themselves to be more functionally impaired (p<.001), reported higher levels of internalized stigma (p<.001), and reported lower levels of well-being (p<.001). Findings and limitations, particularly the suicidal ideation frequency measurement, are discussed to contextualize suggestions to integrate recovery-oriented practices and suicide prevention care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha A Chalker
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, USA
- University of California, San Diego, Department of Psychiatry, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Cara T Pozun
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Blaire C Ehret
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, USA
- University of California, San Diego, Department of Psychiatry, San Diego, California, USA
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22
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Lee YY, Koo WL, Tan YF, Seet V, Subramaniam M, Ang S, Tang C. A Mixed-Methods Outcomes Evaluation Protocol for a Co-Produced Psychoeducation Workshop Series on Recovery from Psychosis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:15464. [PMID: 36497538 PMCID: PMC9736781 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192315464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Co-production in mental health is a relatively new approach to designing and delivering mental health services, which involves collaboration amongst professionals, persons in recovery, and their caregivers to provide services. The aim of this protocol paper is to detail the implementation and evaluation of a co-produced workshop series named Broken Crayons. Collaborating with an early intervention program for first-episode psychosis, the study team and peer volunteers generated a co-production framework based on their experience of co-producing 11 workshops. This paper also outlines a protocol to evaluate Broken Crayons, a psychoeducation workshop series co-created and co-delivered by mental health professionals, persons in recovery, and their caregivers. Indicators on personal recovery, mental wellbeing, community integration, etc., are included as outcomes. Two-tailed, paired t-tests will be used to compare pre- and post-workshop survey data. Focus group discussions will also be conducted to gather subjective experiences of participants of the Broken Crayons workshops. Cost-savings of co-production by Recovery Colleges are discussed. The implications of using co-production to foster citizenry in persons living with first-episode psychosis are discussed in the context of social causation and social drift theories. Taken together, we argued that co-production is not just a passing trend, but a moral imperative for inclusive and equitable mental health service design and delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Ying Lee
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore
| | - Wei Ler Koo
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore
| | - Yi Fong Tan
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore
| | - Vanessa Seet
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore
| | - Mythily Subramaniam
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Suying Ang
- Early Psychosis Intervention Programme, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore
| | - Charmaine Tang
- Early Psychosis Intervention Programme, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore
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23
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Hamdani SU, Huma ZE, Malik A, Nizami AT, Baneen UU, Suleman N, Javed H, Wang D, van Ommeren M, Mazhar S, Khan SA, Minhas FA, Rahman A. Improving psychosocial distress for young adolescents in rural schools of Pakistan: study protocol of a cluster randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e063607. [PMID: 36153028 PMCID: PMC9511576 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-063607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Emotional problems are leading contributors to health burden among adolescents worldwide. There is an urgent need for evidence-based psychological interventions for young people. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a school-based, group psychological intervention, Early Adolescent Skills for Emotions (EASE) developed by the WHO to improve psychosocial distress in Pakistani adolescents. METHOD AND ANALYSIS A two-arm, single-blinded, cluster randomised controlled trial, with a wait-list control arm is being conducted in school settings of rural Pakistan. Forty eligible public-school clusters have been randomised (stratified by gender) on a 1:1 allocation ratio into intervention (n=20) and control arm (n=20). Following informed consent, 564 adolescents with psychosocial distress (Youth-reported Paediatric Symptoms Checklist, cut-off ≥28) from 40 schools have been enrolled into the trial (14±3 average cluster size) between 2 November 2021 and 30th November 2021. Participants in the intervention arm will receive EASE in 7-weekly adolescents and 3-biweekly caregivers group sessions in schools. The adolescent sessions involve the components of psychoeducation, stress management, behavioural activation, problem-solving and relapse prevention. Caregivers will receive training to learn and implement active listening; spending quality time and using praise as a strategy to help their children. The primary outcome is reduction in psychosocial distress at 3 months postintervention. Secondary outcomes include symptoms of depression and anxiety, caregiver-adolescent relationship and caregivers' well-being. Outcomes will be assessed at baseline, immediate 1 week and 3-months postintervention. Qualitative process evaluation will explore barriers and facilitators to programme implementation in low-resource school settings. ETHICS Ethics approval has been obtained from Central Ethics Committee of University of Liverpool, UK, Ethics Review Committee of WHO Geneva and from the Institutional Review Board of Human Development Research Foundation (HDRF), Pakistan. DISSEMINATION The findings of the study will be disseminated by WHO and through peer-reviewed publications. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ISRCTN17755448.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Usman Hamdani
- Global Institute of Human Development, Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Department of Primary Care and Mental Health, University of Liverpool Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Liverpool, UK
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Human Development Research Foundation, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Zill-E- Huma
- Global Institute of Human Development, Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Department of Primary Care and Mental Health, University of Liverpool Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Liverpool, UK
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Human Development Research Foundation, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Aiysha Malik
- Department of Mental Health and Substance Use, World Health Organization, Geneve, Switzerland
| | | | - Um Ul Baneen
- Global Institute of Human Development, Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Human Development Research Foundation, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Nadia Suleman
- Global Institute of Human Development, Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Human Development Research Foundation, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Hashim Javed
- Global Institute of Human Development, Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Human Development Research Foundation, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Duolao Wang
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Mark van Ommeren
- Department of Mental Health and Substance Use, World Health Organization, Geneve, Switzerland
| | - Samra Mazhar
- Noncommunicable Diseases and Mental Health Department, Pakistan Ministry of National Health Services Regulations and Coordination, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Shahzad Alam Khan
- Noncommunicable Diseases and Mental Health Department, World Health Organization, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Fareed Aslam Minhas
- Global Institute of Human Development, Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Atif Rahman
- Department of Primary Care and Mental Health, University of Liverpool Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Liverpool, UK
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24
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Fisher JC, Rankin E, Irvine KN, Goddard MA, Davies ZG, Dallimer M. Can biodiverse streetscapes mitigate the effects of noise and air pollution on human wellbeing? ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 212:113154. [PMID: 35341752 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Most of the global population are urban, with inhabitants exposed to raised levels of pollution. Pollutants negatively impact human wellbeing, and can alter the structure and diversity of ecosystems. Contrastingly, urban biodiversity can positively contribute to human wellbeing. We know little, however, about whether the negative impacts of pollution on wellbeing could be lessened for householders living on more biodiverse streets, as the complex interlinkages between pollution, biodiversity and wellbeing have rarely been examined. Here, we used structural equation modelling to simultaneously test whether biodiversity (actual and perceived) mediates the relationship between traffic-related pollution (noise, dB; nitrogen dioxide, NO2) or air pollution (PM2.5) and wellbeing (mental wellbeing, happiness). In summer 2019, we conducted questionnaires and biodiversity surveys, and collected noise and air pollution data, from households (n = 282) across the streetscapes of Leeds, UK. Biodiversity (actual or perceived) showed no mediating effects. However, increased flowering plant richness was positively associated with mental wellbeing. Traffic-related pollution negatively affected pollinator and flowering plant richness, but not wellbeing. This could be because householders are not exposed to high levels of noise or NO2 because they do not maintain front gardens on noisier streets. There was no measurable effect of air pollution on biodiversity or wellbeing. These findings shed light on the complex mechanisms through which biodiversity could improve human wellbeing. Enhancing the diversity of plant species in streetscapes would have a positive effect on wellbeing, further emphasising the important role that biodiverse urban streetscapes play in improving the liveability of cities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica C Fisher
- Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology (DICE), School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury, CT2 7NR, UK.
| | - Eleanor Rankin
- Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology (DICE), School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury, CT2 7NR, UK
| | - Katherine N Irvine
- Social, Economic and Geographical Sciences Department, James Hutton Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen, AB15 8QH, UK
| | - Mark A Goddard
- Sustainability Research Institute, School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Zoe G Davies
- Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology (DICE), School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury, CT2 7NR, UK
| | - Martin Dallimer
- Sustainability Research Institute, School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
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25
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Makanjuola A, Lynch M, Hartfiel N, Cuthbert A, Wheeler HT, Edwards RT. A Social Return on Investment Evaluation of the Pilot Social Prescribing EmotionMind Dynamic Coaching Programme to Improve Mental Wellbeing and Self-Confidence. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:10658. [PMID: 36078373 PMCID: PMC9518074 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191710658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic contributed to longer waiting lists for people seeking to access mental health services. The NHS Five Year Forward View encourages the development of empowerment-based social prescribing interventions to supplement existing mental health programmes. Based in South Wales, EmotionMind Dynamic (EMD) is a lifestyle coaching programme that supports individuals suffering from anxiety or depression. In this evaluation of lifestyle coaching, a mixed-method social return on investment (SROI) methodology was used to value quantitative and qualitative data from face-to-face and online participants. Data collection took place between June 2021 and January 2022. Participants included both self-referred clients and those referred from health services. Mental wellbeing data were collected at baseline and at the end of the programme using the short Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale (SWEMWBS) and the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES). Baseline and follow-up data were available for 15 face-to-face participants and 17 online clients. Wellbeing valuation quantified and valued outcomes from participants. Results indicated that for every GBP 1 invested, lifestyle coaching generated social values ranging from GBP 4.12-GBP 7.08 for face-to-face clients compared with GBP 2.37-GBP 3.35 for online participants. Overall, lifestyle coaching generated positive social value ratios for both face-to-face and online clients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham Makanjuola
- Centre for Health Economics and Medicines Evaluation, Bangor University College of Health and Behavioural Sciences, Bangor LL57 2PZ, UK
| | - Mary Lynch
- Lanarkshire Campus, Hamilton International Technology Park, University of West Scotland, South Lanarkshire, Paisley G72 0LH, UK
| | - Ned Hartfiel
- Centre for Health Economics and Medicines Evaluation, Bangor University College of Health and Behavioural Sciences, Bangor LL57 2PZ, UK
| | - Andrew Cuthbert
- School of Medicine Cardiff, Cardiff University College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff CF14 4EP, UK
| | | | - Rhiannon Tudor Edwards
- Centre for Health Economics and Medicines Evaluation, Bangor University College of Health and Behavioural Sciences, Bangor LL57 2PZ, UK
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26
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Venturo-Conerly KE, Johnson NE, Osborn TL, Puffer ES, Rusch T, Ndetei DM, Wasanga CM, Mutiso V, Musyimi C, Weisz JR. Long-term health outcomes of adolescent character strength interventions: 3- to 4-year outcomes of three randomized controlled trials of the Shamiri program. Trials 2022; 23:443. [PMID: 35614514 PMCID: PMC9132569 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-022-06394-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescents in low- and middle-income countries in need of mental health care often do not receive it due to stigma, cost, and lack of mental health professionals. Culturally appropriate, brief, and low-cost interventions delivered by lay-providers can help overcome these barriers and appear effective at reducing symptoms of depression and anxiety until several months post-intervention. However, little is known about whether these interventions may have long-term effects on health, mental health, social, or academic outcomes. METHODS Three previous randomized controlled trials of the Shamiri intervention, a 4-week, group-delivered, lay-provider-led intervention, have been conducted in Kenyan high schools. Shamiri teaches positively focused intervention elements (i.e., growth mindset and strategies for growth, gratitude, and value affirmation) to target symptoms of depression and anxiety and to improve academic performance and social relationships, by fostering character strengths. In this long-term follow-up study, we will test whether these mental health, academic, social, and character-strength outcomes, along with related health outcomes (e.g., sleep quality, heart-rate variability and activity level measured via wearables, HIV risk behaviors, alcohol and substance use), differ between the intervention and control group at 3-4-year follow-up. For primary analyses (Nanticipated = 432), youths who participated in the three previous trials will be contacted again to assess whether outcomes at 3-4-year-follow-up differ for those in the Shamiri Intervention group compared to those in the study-skills active control group. Multi-level models will be used to model trajectories over time of primary outcomes and secondary outcomes that were collected in previous trials. For outcomes only collected at 3-4-year follow-up, tests of location difference (e.g., t-tests) will be used to assess group differences in metric outcomes and difference tests (e.g., odds ratios) will be used to assess differences in categorical outcomes. Finally, standardized effect sizes will be used to compare groups on all measures. DISCUSSION This follow-up study of participants from three randomized controlled trials of the Shamiri intervention will provide evidence bearing on the long-term and health and mental health effects of brief, lay-provider-delivered character strength interventions for youth in low- and middle-income countries. TRIAL REGISTRATION PACTR Trial ID: PACTR202201600200783 . Approved on January 21, 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine E Venturo-Conerly
- Shamiri Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
- Shamiri Institute, Allston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Natalie E Johnson
- Shamiri Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
- Shamiri Institute, Allston, MA, USA
| | - Tom L Osborn
- Shamiri Institute, Nairobi, Kenya.
- Shamiri Institute, Allston, MA, USA.
| | - Eve S Puffer
- Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Thomas Rusch
- Competence Center for Empirical Research Methods, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, Vienna, Austria
| | - David M Ndetei
- African Mental Health Research & Training Foundation, Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - Victoria Mutiso
- African Mental Health Research & Training Foundation, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Christine Musyimi
- African Mental Health Research & Training Foundation, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - John R Weisz
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
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27
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Li I, Chen AZ, Newby JM, Kladnitski N, Haskelberg H, Millard M, Mahoney A. The uptake and outcomes of an online self-help mindfulness programme during COVID-19. CLIN PSYCHOL-UK 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/13284207.2022.2045866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ian Li
- Clinical Research Unit for Anxiety and Depression, St Vincent’s Hospital, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Aileen Z. Chen
- Clinical Research Unit for Anxiety and Depression, St Vincent’s Hospital, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jill M. Newby
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Black Dog Institute, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Natalie Kladnitski
- Clinical Research Unit for Anxiety and Depression, St Vincent’s Hospital, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Hila Haskelberg
- Clinical Research Unit for Anxiety and Depression, St Vincent’s Hospital, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Michael Millard
- Clinical Research Unit for Anxiety and Depression, St Vincent’s Hospital, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Alison Mahoney
- Clinical Research Unit for Anxiety and Depression, St Vincent’s Hospital, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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28
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Kraiss JT, Kohlhoff M, ten Klooster PM. Disentangling between- and within-person associations of psychological distress and mental well-being: An experience sampling study examining the dual continua model of mental health among university students. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 42:1-12. [PMID: 35250243 PMCID: PMC8885315 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-02942-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The dual continua model assumes that psychological distress and mental well-being are two related, yet distinct dimensions of mental health. Previous studies did convincingly show the distinctiveness of these two dimensions using mainly cross-sectional research. Despite the importance to distinguish between- and within-person associations in psychological theories, to date, no study specifically distinguished between- and within-person associations for the relationship between distress and well-being. Therefore, the objective of this study was to validate whether the dual continua model actually holds when examined within individuals. Intensive longitudinal data were collected through experience sampling. The sample included 25 university students (mean age = 23.50 years, 56% female), who completed a baseline questionnaire as well as momentary measures of psychological distress and mental well-being three times per day for two weeks. 1,014 timepoints were analyzed using multilevel models and person-mean centering was applied to distinguish between- and within person associations. A significant moderate negative between-person association was found for the relationship between psychological distress and mental well-being (β = -.363, marginal R 2 = 0.15, p < .001). The within-person association was also significant and similar in magnitude (β = -.432, marginal R 2 = 0.18, p < .001) at the group level. Individual within-person associations between distress and well-being varied substantially, but were negative for almost all participants. This study is an important step towards validating the applicability and universality of this widely used model. The current findings provide preliminary evidence that the dual continua model does not only hold between people, but also on the level it is actually used for, namely within individual people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannis T. Kraiss
- Department of Psychology, Health & Technology, Centre for eHealth and Well-being Research, Faculty of Behavioral, Management and Social Sciences, University of Twente, PO Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Martje Kohlhoff
- Department of Psychology, Health & Technology, Centre for eHealth and Well-being Research, Faculty of Behavioral, Management and Social Sciences, University of Twente, PO Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Peter M. ten Klooster
- Department of Psychology, Health & Technology, Centre for eHealth and Well-being Research, Faculty of Behavioral, Management and Social Sciences, University of Twente, PO Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, the Netherlands
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29
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Rettew DC, Freckleton D, Schork N, Graf A, Morrell Z, Lincoln L, Smalley S, Hudziak JJ. Psychometric Properties of a New Stress-Related Personality Scale: The Virtual Inventory of Behavior and Emotions (VIBE). CHRONIC STRESS 2022; 6:24705470211069904. [PMID: 35128293 PMCID: PMC8808042 DOI: 10.1177/24705470211069904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background: Personality traits are important factors with regard to the tendency to experience and response to stress. This study introduces and tests a new stress-related personality scale called the Virtual Inventory of Behavior and Emotions (VIBE). Methods: Two samples totaling 5512 individuals (with 66% between the ages of 18 and 34) completed the VIBE along with other measures of personality, stress, mood, and well-being. Results: Exploratory factor analyses revealed a four-factor structure for the instrument with dimensions labeled: 1) stressed; 2) energetic; 3) social; and 4) disciplined. Confirmatory factor analytic procedures on the final 23-item version showed good psychometric properties and data fit while machine learning analyses demonstrated the VIBE's ability to distinguish between groups with similar patterns of response. Strong convergent validity was suggested through robust correlations between the dimensions of the VIBE and other established rating scales. Conclusion: Overall, the data suggest that the VIBE is a promising tool to help advance understanding of the relations between stress, personality, and related constructs.
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30
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Dunne A, Haake S, Quirk H, Bullas A. Motivation to Improve Mental Wellbeing via Community Physical Activity Initiatives and the Associated Impacts-A Cross-Sectional Survey of UK parkrun Participants. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182413072. [PMID: 34948683 PMCID: PMC8702167 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182413072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Participation in regular physical activity is a well-established strategy to support good mental wellbeing in adults with, and without, mental health conditions. The physical activity initiative parkrun is a free, weekly, timed, running and walking event which is attended by people from the local community of all abilities. The purpose of this study was to investigate the mental wellbeing of UK parkrun participants along with their motives for taking part and the impact of participation. Mental health conditions were self-reported in 2.5% of 60,000 respondents to an online survey of parkrunners, with the most prevalent being depression and anxiety. Those with mental health conditions were more motivated than those without to first participate in parkrun to manage their health conditions and improve their mental health. Those with mental health conditions were equally motivated to improve their physical health when compared to those without, and reported similar levels of improvement. Mental wellbeing scores for those with mental health conditions were close to the normal range, suggesting that engagement in parkrun may have had a role in limiting the effect of their illness. Community initiatives could replicate parkrun's model, and use the potential for both mental and physical health improvement, as well as health condition management, as a motivation for participation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison Dunne
- Advanced Wellbeing Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield S9 3TU, UK; (S.H.); (A.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Steve Haake
- Advanced Wellbeing Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield S9 3TU, UK; (S.H.); (A.B.)
| | - Helen Quirk
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 4DA, UK;
| | - Alice Bullas
- Advanced Wellbeing Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield S9 3TU, UK; (S.H.); (A.B.)
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31
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Ajele WK, Oladejo TA, Akanni AA, Babalola OB. Spiritual intelligence, mindfulness, emotional dysregulation, depression relationship with mental well-being among persons with diabetes during COVID-19 pandemic. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2021; 20:1705-1714. [PMID: 34746039 PMCID: PMC8557260 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-021-00927-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSES The study examined the mediation moderated effects of spiritual intelligence and mindfulness on the relationship between emotional dysregulation, depression and mental well-being. It also investigated the mediating effects of mindfulness on the relationship between spiritual intelligence and mental well-being in persons with diabetes. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was carried out among 636 (age 32-74 years; mean = 40.31; SD = 8.40) people living with diabetes who are registered patients and were attending the clinic in Department of Endocrinology, Ondo State Specialist Hospital, Okitipupa and Federal Medical Centre, Lokoja. The data were analysed using Pearson Multiple correlation and mediation moderated model 29 and mediation model 4 of PROCESS macro. The analyses were carried out with PROCESS macro for IBM/SPSS Version 25.0. RESULTS Showed significant and positive direct relationship between depression on mental well-being of person with diabetes, β = 0.39, 95 % CI (0.29, 0.48). Results showed mindfulness (β = 0.00, 95 % CI: 0.00, 0.00) and spiritual intelligence (β = -0.01, 0.00, 95 % CI: -0.01, -0.01) significantly moderated the existing direct relationship between depression and mental well-being of persons with diabetes Results showed significant and positive indirect relationship between depression and mental well-being via emotional dysfunctional of persons with diabetes, β = 0.46, 95 % CI (0.44, 0.48). Results showed mindfulness (β = -0.02, 95 %, CI; -0.03, -0.02) and spiritual intelligence (β = -0.00, 95 %, CI: 00.00, -0.01) significant moderated the existing indirect relationship between depression and mental well-being occurred via emotional dysfunctional of persons with diabetes. Results showed significant direct relationship between spiritual intelligence and mental well-being of persons with diabetes, β = -0.12, 95 %, CI: (0.09, 0.16). Results showed mindfulness significantly mediates the existing direct relationship between spiritual intelligence and mental well-being of persons with diabetes, β = -0.11, 95 %, CI: (0.08, 0.15). Results also significant direct relationship between spiritual and mindfulness of persons with diabetes, β = 0. 0.25, 95 % CI: 0.18, 0.31). CONCLUSION Emotional dysregulation play mediating role of the association between depression and mental well-being of persons with diabetes was moderated by spiritual intelligence and mindfulness. Therefore, the study concludes that pay attention spiritual intelligence and mindfulness in management of diabetes will enhance mental well-being of persons with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Abimbola A. Akanni
- Department of Psychology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Osun State, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
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Shah N, Cader M, Andrews B, McCabe R, Stewart-Brown SL. Short Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale (SWEMWBS): performance in a clinical sample in relation to PHQ-9 and GAD-7. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2021; 19:260. [PMID: 34819104 PMCID: PMC8611866 DOI: 10.1186/s12955-021-01882-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study assesses the construct validity and sensitivity to change of the Short Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale (SWEMWBS) as an outcome measure in the treatment of common mental disorders (CMD) in primary care settings. METHODS 127 participants attending up to 5 sessions of therapy for CMD in primary care self-rated the SWEMWBS, the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and General Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) scales. SWEMWBS's construct validity and sensitivity to change was evaluated against the PHQ-9 and GAD-7 across multiple time points in two ways: correlation coefficients were calculated between the measures at each time point; and sensitivity to change over time was assessed using repeated measures ANOVA. RESULTS Score distributions on SWEMWBS, but not PHQ-9 and GAD-7, met criteria for normality. At baseline, 92.9% (118/127) of participants scored above clinical threshold on either PHQ-9 or GAD-7. Correlations between SWEMWBS and PHQ-9 scores were calculated at each respective time point and ranged from 0.601 to 0.793. Correlations between SWEMWBS and GAD-7 scores were calculated similarly and ranged from 0.630 to 0.743. Significant improvements were seen on all three scales over time. Changes in PHQ-9 and GAD-7 were curvilinear with greatest improvement between sessions 1 and 2. Change in SWEMWBS was linear over the five sessions. CONCLUSIONS This exploratory study suggests that SWEMWBS is acceptable as a CMD outcome measure in primary care settings, both in terms of construct validity and sensitivity to change. Given patient preference for positively over negatively framed measures and statistical advantages of measures which are normally distributed, SWEMWBS could be used as an alternative to PHQ-9 and GAD-7 in monitoring and evaluating CMD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mizaya Cader
- National Dengue Control Unit, Ministry of Health, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Bill Andrews
- Department of Psychology, University of Roehampton, London, UK
| | | | - Sarah L. Stewart-Brown
- Emeritus Professor of Public Health, Warwick Medical School University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
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Martland R, Onwumere J, Stubbs B, Gaughran F. Study protocol for a pilot high-intensity interval training intervention in inpatient mental health settings: a two-part study using a randomised controlled trial and naturalistic study design. Pilot Feasibility Stud 2021; 7:198. [PMID: 34749822 PMCID: PMC8573298 DOI: 10.1186/s40814-021-00937-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe mental illnesses (SMI), including schizophrenia spectrum disorder, bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder, are associated with physical health comorbidities and premature mortality. Physical activity and structured exercise have a beneficial impact on cardiometabolic risk and ameliorate mental health symptomology and cognition. This protocol describes a feasibility study for a high-intensity interval training (HIIT) intervention among inpatients with SMI, to improve their physical and mental health. METHODS The feasibility study follows a two-part design owing to COVID-19-related adaptations to project design: (a) a non-blinded randomised controlled trial (RCT) of 12 weeks of bicycle-based HIIT, delivered twice weekly in a face-to-face, one-to-one setting, compared to treatment as usual (TAU) and (b) a naturalistic study of inpatient HIIT; eligible participants will be invited to two sessions of HIIT per week, delivered by the research team remotely or in person. Additionally, participants in the naturalistic study may use the bike to conduct self-directed sessions of their chosen length and intensity. We will measure the feasibility and acceptability of the HIIT intervention as primary outcomes, alongside secondary and tertiary outcomes evaluating the physical, mental and cognitive effects of HIIT. The study aims to recruit 40 patients to the RCT and 6-8 patients to the naturalistic design. DISCUSSION Exercise is a modifiable lifestyle barrier that can reverse cardiometabolic disease risk. If HIIT is found to be feasible and acceptable in inpatients with SMI, there would be scope for large-scale work to evaluate the clinical, cost and implementation effectiveness of HIIT in inpatient mental health settings. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03959735 . Registered June 22, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Martland
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Juliana Onwumere
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, London, UK
| | - Brendon Stubbs
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, London, UK
| | - Fiona Gaughran
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, London, UK
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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Brief psychological interventions for anxiety and depression in a secondary care adult mental health service: an evaluation. COGNITIVE BEHAVIOUR THERAPIST 2021. [DOI: 10.1017/s1754470x21000258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Due to continuing pressures on the UK National Health Service’s mental health services, there has been increased interest in the development of brief psychological interventions (BPIs). These interventions are usually defined as including selected components of established psychological interventions, delivered over fewer sessions, and by staff with less specialised training (paraprofessionals). Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT)-based BPIs for anxiety and depression have been found to be helpful for clients with mild to moderate mental health problems. This project evaluates the introduction of BPIs for anxiety and depression in a secondary care adult mental health service, with clients experiencing moderate to severe mental health difficulties. The service developed CBT-based manuals for anxiety (anxiety management) and depression (behavioural activation) BPIs. The BPIs were delivered by mental health workers without core therapeutic training, who were offered training and group supervision by psychologists in the team. Measures of anxiety (GAD-7), depression (PHQ-9), wellbeing (SWEMWBS) and functioning (WSAS) were completed at the start and end of treatment. The data reported from a 2-year period suggest that BPIs are associated with reductions in symptoms of anxiety and low mood, and improvements in wellbeing and functioning. Whilst this is a small-scale initial evaluation, the results are promising for the potential benefit of BPIs for clients in secondary care settings. Given that this new way of working has possible additional benefits such as improving access to psychological treatment and cost-effectiveness, further research in the area is warranted and encouraged.
Key learning aims
(1)
To overview the current evidence for BPIs.
(2)
To outline a possible model for offering BPIs in secondary care.
(3)
To illustrate the potential positive effects of BPIs within a secondary care population.
(4)
To consider the need for future research and development of BPIs.
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Turner K, Moses J, Neal A. 'I think it does just opens it up and … you're not hiding it anymore': Trainee clinical psychologists' experiences of self-disclosing mental health difficulties. Clin Psychol Psychother 2021; 29:733-743. [PMID: 34486785 DOI: 10.1002/cpp.2667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Self-disclosure of experiences of mental health difficulties is a complex process, particularly within the workplace. Research shows that a significant number of trainee clinical psychologists have lived experience of mental health difficulties and thus face the dilemma of whether to disclose and how to manage self-disclosure during doctoral training. Grounded theory methodology was used to explore trainee experiences of self-disclosure of mental health difficulties during training. Twelve trainee clinical psychologists from accredited doctoral programmes in the United Kingdom participated in semi-structured interviews about their experiences of disclosure. Six core categories emerged relating to 'motivations', 'enablers', 'barriers', 'features of disclosure', 'responses' and 'impact', each of which were comprised of several further sub-categories. The model that emerged is largely consistent with research on disclosure in healthcare professions and has implications for training programmes, supervisors and trainees when engaging in conversations about lived experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kellie Turner
- Adult Weight Management Service, Aneurin Bevan University Health Board, St Cadoc's Hospital, Newport, UK.,South Wales Doctoral Programme in Clinical Psychology, Cardiff University; Cardiff and Vale University Health Board, Cardiff, UK
| | - Jenny Moses
- South Wales Doctoral Programme in Clinical Psychology, Cardiff University; Cardiff and Vale University Health Board, Cardiff, UK
| | - Adrian Neal
- Employee Wellbeing Service, Aneurin Bevan University Health Board, Newport, UK
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Pescheny JV, Gunn LH, Pappas Y, Randhawa G. The impact of the Luton social prescribing programme on mental well-being: a quantitative before-and-after study. J Public Health (Oxf) 2021; 43:e69-e76. [PMID: 31883018 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdz155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social prescribing programmes expand the range of options available to primary care health professionals to address patients' psychosocial needs, impacting on their health and well-being. The objective of this study was to assess the change in the mental well-being of service users after participation in the Luton social prescribing programme. METHODS Skew-normal (SN) regression was applied to analyse the change in mental well-being post-intervention (N = 63). The short Warwick-Edinburgh mental well-being scale was used as the outcome measure. RESULTS The SN regression found a statistically significant change (P < 0.0001) in the average difference score between baseline and post-intervention measures. However, the observed change does not appear to be of clinical relevance. No significant associations in mental well-being scores by gender, age or working status were found. CONCLUSION Findings of this study indicate that social prescribing may have the potential to improve the mental well-being of service users. The study findings contribute to the sparse evidence base on social prescribing outcomes by socio-demographic characteristics of participants and highlight the importance of considering subgroup analysis in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia V Pescheny
- Institute of Health Research, University of Bedfordshire, Luton LU1 3JU, UK
| | - Laura H Gunn
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of North Carolina (UNC), Charlotte 28223, NC, USA.,School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Yannis Pappas
- Institute of Health Research, University of Bedfordshire, Luton LU1 3JU, UK
| | - Gurch Randhawa
- Institute of Health Research, University of Bedfordshire, Luton LU1 3JU, UK
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Konaszewski K, Niesiobędzka M, Surzykiewicz J. Factor structure and psychometric properties of a Polish adaptation of the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2021; 19:70. [PMID: 33653357 PMCID: PMC7971144 DOI: 10.1186/s12955-021-01716-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The study of mental wellbeing requires reliable, valid, and practical measurement tools. One of the most widely used measures of mental wellbeing is the Warwick–Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale (WEMWBS). We conducted four studies to validate the Polish version of the WEMWBS. Their objectives are the following: (1) to present the psychometric properties of the Polish version of the WEMWBS (study 1: n = 1197); (2) to evaluate the test–retest reliability of the Polish version of the WEMWBS (study 2: n = 24); (3) to determine the validity of the WEMWBS (study 3: n = 610); (4) to examine sensitivity of the WEMWBS scale to detect population with different levels of pro-health behaviours (study 4: n = 430).
Methods To explore the dimensional structure of the scale we tested a one-factor model. The evaluation employed explanatory and confirmatory factor analyses and tested reliability and stability. To determine the convergent validity of the WEMWBS we analysed correlations among wellbeing and life satisfaction and risk depression. To examine sensitivity of the WEMWBS scale to detect a population with different levels of health-related behaviours we used Student’s t test. Results The results presented confirm that the psychometric properties of the Polish adaptation of WEMWBS are very good. Using EFA and CFA it was shown that a one-factor solution is optimal. Reliability, measured using the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient and McDonald's omega proved to be very high. The estimation of the stability of the Polish version of the WEMWBS proved to be high. Our validation studies also provided data demonstrating sensitivity of the WEMWBS to detect a population with different levels of health-related behaviours, indicating that group with high level of pro-health behaviours achieved higher WEMWBS wellbeing results than group with low level of pro-health behaviours. Conclusions WEMWBS was confirmed as a short, reliable and valid measure with good psychometric properties. Due to the high indicators for its psychometric properties, the scale may therefore prove to be a particularly useful tool not only in empirical research, but also in mental wellbeing monitoring, and could serve as support in educational and preventive.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Janusz Surzykiewicz
- Faculty of Philosophy and Education, Katholische Universität Eichstätt-Ingolstadt, Eichstätt, Germany.,Faculty of Education, Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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Brief psychological intervention for distress tolerance in an adult secondary care community mental health service: an evaluation. COGNITIVE BEHAVIOUR THERAPIST 2020. [DOI: 10.1017/s1754470x20000513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Distress intolerance has been suggested to be a maintaining factor in several mental health conditions. Distress tolerance skills training has been found to be beneficial in emotionally unstable personality disorder (EUPD) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Short-term targeted interventions are increasingly being implemented in response to demand. This study investigates the efficacy of a distress tolerance brief psychological intervention (DT BPI) delivered by non-psychologists within an adult secondary care mental health service. Questionnaire data (pre and post) are reported from 43 participants who completed the intervention. Results suggest that the intervention was associated with significant improvements in distress tolerance, mood, anxiety and wellbeing. This indicates that a DT BPI can be effective when delivered by non-psychologists to real-world adult secondary care clients. The findings offer promising evidence that DT BPI could be a beneficial, cost-effective intervention and warrants further large-scale investigation.
Key learning aims
(1)
To enhance practitioners’ awareness of distress intolerance as a potential maintaining factor and therefore treatment target.
(2)
To outline a transdiagnostic distress tolerance brief psychological intervention.
(3)
To illustrate the potential of this distress tolerance brief psychological intervention to produce positive reliable change with real-world clients when delivered by non-psychologists.
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Appelqvist-Schmidlechner K, Lämsä R, Tuulio-Henriksson A. Factors associated with positive mental health in young adults with a neurodevelopmental disorder. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2020; 106:103780. [PMID: 32950021 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2020.103780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Positive dimension of mental health has gained less attention in previous research on individuals with neurodevelopmenal disorders. However, knowledge on factors associated with mental well-being is crucial for planning effective interventions for this target group. AIMS The aim of the study was to investigate the determinants of positive mental health among young adults with neurodevelopmental disorders. METHODS AND PROCEDURES The study sample consisted of 171 young adults (18-35 years, mean age 25 years, SD 4.35) with a diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) or ADHD/ADD. The data were collected with questionnaires. RESULTS The mean score of SWEMWBS was 20.98 (n = 168, ranging 14.75-35.00, SD = 3.55). Provisions of social relationships, functional capacity and self-rated state of health associated independently with positive mental health. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS The level of positive mental health of study participants was relatively low compared with previous studies in other clinical settings or general populations. Promotion of social competence and social relationship should be included in rehabilitation programmes targeted at individuals with neurodevelopmental disorder. This may be beneficial in reaching also other goals set for the rehabilitation, such as increasing capacity to work or study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Riikka Lämsä
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Equality and Inclusion Unit, P.O. Box 30, FI-00271, Helsinki, Finland; University of Helsinki, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health, P.0. Box 20, 00014, Finland.
| | - Annamari Tuulio-Henriksson
- University of Helsinki, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychology and Logopedics, P.0. Box 21, 00014, Finland.
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Mavali S, Mahmoodi H, Sarbakhsh P, Shaghaghi A. Psychometric Properties of the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale (WEMWBS) in the Iranian Older Adults. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2020; 13:693-700. [PMID: 32884372 PMCID: PMC7443441 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s256323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Mental wellbeing is considered as an important and effective factor in older adults' psychological health. Due to lack of a standard instrument for the assessment of mental wellbeing in Iranian older adults, the present study was performed to examine validity and reliability of the Persian version of the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale (WEMWBS-P) for use among Iranian older adults. PATIENTS AND METHODS The study sample included 304 older adults aged 60 and over, admitted to the Shohada Educational Hospital affiliated to the Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, North West of Iran. The participants were recruited through the convenience sampling method in May to September 2017. RESULTS The mean and standard deviation of the mental wellbeing score were 50.30 and 8.82, respectively. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) results demonstrated a one-factor solution with 13 items which was verified by the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The estimated internal consistency measure of Cronbach's alpha (0.93) and two weeks' time test-retest reliability index (0.84) met the prerequisite criteria. CONCLUSION According to the results, the WEMWBS-P with 13 items has acceptable validity and reliability to assess the mental wellbeing of Iranian and other Persian-speaking older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Mavali
- Department of Health Education and Promotion, Faculty of Health, Tabriz University of Medial Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hassan Mahmoodi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Parvin Sarbakhsh
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Tabriz University of Medial Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Abdolreza Shaghaghi
- Department of Health Education and Promotion, Faculty of Health, Tabriz University of Medial Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Werner-Seidler A, Huckvale K, Larsen ME, Calear AL, Maston K, Johnston L, Torok M, O’Dea B, Batterham PJ, Schweizer S, Skinner SR, Steinbeck K, Ratcliffe J, Oei JL, Patton G, Wong I, Beames J, Wong QJJ, Lingam R, Boydell K, Salmon AM, Cockayne N, Mackinnon A, Christensen H. A trial protocol for the effectiveness of digital interventions for preventing depression in adolescents: The Future Proofing Study. Trials 2020; 21:2. [PMID: 31898512 PMCID: PMC6941300 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-019-3901-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression frequently first emerges during adolescence, and one in five young people will experience an episode of depression by the age of 18 years. Despite advances in treatment, there has been limited progress in addressing the burden at a population level. Accordingly, there has been growing interest in prevention approaches as an additional pathway to address depression. Depression can be prevented using evidence-based psychological programmes. However, barriers to implementing and accessing these programmes remain, typically reflecting a requirement for delivery by clinical experts and high associated delivery costs. Digital technologies, specifically smartphones, are now considered a key strategy to overcome the barriers inhibiting access to mental health programmes. The Future Proofing Study is a large-scale school-based trial investigating whether cognitive behaviour therapies (CBT) delivered by smartphone application can prevent depression. METHODS A randomised controlled trial targeting up to 10,000 Year 8 Australian secondary school students will be conducted. In Stage I, schools will be randomised at the cluster level either to receive the CBT intervention app (SPARX) or to a non-active control group comparator. The primary outcome will be symptoms of depression, and secondary outcomes include psychological distress, anxiety and insomnia. At the 12-month follow-up, participants in the intervention arm with elevated depressive symptoms will participate in an individual-level randomised controlled trial (Stage II) and be randomised to receive a second CBT app which targets sleep difficulties (Sleep Ninja) or a control condition. Assessments will occur post intervention (both trial stages) and at 6, 12, 24, 36, 48 and 60 months post baseline. Primary analyses will use an intention-to-treat approach and compare changes in symptoms from baseline to follow-up relative to the control group using mixed-effect models. DISCUSSION This is the first trial testing the effectiveness of smartphone apps delivered to school students to prevent depression at scale. Results from this trial will provide much-needed insight into the feasibility of this approach. They stand to inform policy and commission decisions concerning if and how such programmes should be deployed in school-based settings in Australia and beyond. TRIAL REGISTRATION Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry, ACTRN12619000855123. Registered on 31 May 2019. Clinical Trial Notification Scheme (CTN), CT-2019-CTN-02110-1-v1. Registered on 30 June 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kit Huckvale
- Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Mark E. Larsen
- Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Alison L. Calear
- Centre for Mental Health Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT Australia
| | - Kate Maston
- Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Lara Johnston
- Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Michelle Torok
- Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Bridianne O’Dea
- Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Philip J. Batterham
- Centre for Mental Health Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT Australia
| | - Susanne Schweizer
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW Australia
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK
| | - S. Rachel Skinner
- Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Katharine Steinbeck
- Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Julie Ratcliffe
- College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA Australia
| | - Ju-Lee Oei
- School of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - George Patton
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute and University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Iana Wong
- Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Joanne Beames
- Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Quincy J. J. Wong
- School of Social Sciences and Psychology, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Raghu Lingam
- Population Child Health Clinical Research Group, School of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Katherine Boydell
- Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Allison M. Salmon
- Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Nicole Cockayne
- Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Andrew Mackinnon
- Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Helen Christensen
- Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW Australia
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Wood C, Barron D, Smyth N. The Current and Retrospective Intentional Nature Exposure Scales: Development and Factorial Validity. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16224443. [PMID: 31726784 PMCID: PMC6888483 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16224443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Both nature exposure and green exercise (GE) can improve health. However, there are no scales examining frequency of engagement; or that consider interaction with nature. There are also no scales assessing these variables during childhood. The aim of this study was to develop a modified (NES-II) and retrospective (RNES-II) version of the Nature Exposure Scale to incorporate GE and to examine their factor structure and reliability. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) explored the factor structure of the scales; followed by confirmatory factor analysis to confirm the model fit. Fit indices for the one factor five item NES-II and RNES-II models identified by EFA were poor. Use of modification indices resulted in a good model fit; NES-II: χ(5, n = 385) = 2.638; χnormed = 0.879; CFI= 1.000; RMSEA < 0.001 with 90%CI = 0.000–0.082; SRMR = 0.009; AIC = 36.638. RNES-II: χ(2, n = 385) = 7.149; χnormed = 3.574; CFI = 0.995; RMSEA = 0.082 with 90%CI = 0.023–0.151; SRMR = 0.015; AIC = 43.149. Both models demonstrated very good reliability (α = 0.84; 89 respectively). These findings indicate that the scales can be used to assess current and retrospective nature exposure. However, due to the removal of item one, the authors recommend that the scales be named the ‘intentional nature exposure scale’ and ‘retrospective intentional nature exposure scale’.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carly Wood
- School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London W1W6UW, UK
- Correspondence:
| | - David Barron
- Centre for Psychological Medicine, Perdana University, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Nina Smyth
- School of Social Sciences, University of Westminster, London W1W6UW, UK;
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Collom JRD, Davidson J, Sweet D, Gillard S, Pinfold V, Henderson C. Development of a peer-led, network mapping intervention to improve the health of individuals with severe mental illnesses: protocol for a pilot study. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e023768. [PMID: 31256018 PMCID: PMC6609054 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-023768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adults with severe mental illness (SMI) have reduced life expectancy and many have comorbid physical health conditions. Primary care providers are experiencing increased demands for care for people with SMI. Barriers to accessing physical healthcare have been identified which negatively affect quality of care. We propose that peer support workers (PSWs) could deliver an intervention to service users to promote their physical health by drawing on existing social support. The aim of this research was to pilot a novel PSW-led intervention, including personal well-being network mapping, to improve access to primary care for physical health needs. METHODS AND ANALYSIS Twenty-four participants will be recruited from community-based mental health teams in two boroughs of London. Each participant will be offered a six-session intervention. Quantitative data will be collected before and after intervention (at 4-month follow-up). Qualitative interviews will be conducted with PSWs after completion of the intervention and with participants at a 4-month follow-up. Some intervention sessions will be observed by a member of the research team. This is a pilot study with a small sample aiming to assess acceptability and feasibility of an intervention. We aim to use the results to refine the existing theory of change and to optimise the intervention and its evaluation in a future randomised controlled trial. This study is strengthened by its potential clinical importance and origin in previous research where service users engaged with well-being network mapping. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This study has been approved by the London-Chelsea Regional Ethics Committee (ref: 17/LO/0585). The findings will be disseminated to participants, the National Health Service trusts that we recruited from, primary care mental health leads, commissioners and in peer-reviewed journals and academic conferences.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jonathan Davidson
- Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK
| | | | - Steve Gillard
- Division of Population Health Sciences and Education, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | | | - Claire Henderson
- King's College London, London, UK
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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Sun Y, Luk TT, Wang MP, Shen C, Ho SY, Viswanath K, Chan SSC, Lam TH. The reliability and validity of the Chinese Short Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale in the general population of Hong Kong. Qual Life Res 2019; 28:2813-2820. [DOI: 10.1007/s11136-019-02218-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Telles S, Gupta RK, Kumar A, Pal DK, Tyagi D, Balkrishna A. Mental Wellbeing, Quality of Life, and Perception of Chronic Illness in Yoga-Experienced Compared with Yoga-Naïve Patients. Med Sci Monit Basic Res 2019; 25:153-163. [PMID: 31105261 PMCID: PMC6542302 DOI: 10.12659/msmbr.914663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perception of chronic illness and a positive outlook improve recovery, and yoga can improve wellbeing. This study aimed to compare perception, mental wellbeing, and quality of life in yoga-experienced compared with yoga-naïve patients with chronic illness and to determine whether the duration of yoga practice in the yoga-experienced group had any correlation with the perception of illness, mental wellbeing, and quality of life. MATERIAL AND METHODS A cross-sectional comparative study recruited 419 patients with chronic non-communicable disease. Yoga-experienced patients (n=150) (mean age, 41.9±13.6 years) and yoga-naïve patients (n=269) (mean age, 41.2±12.6 years) were assessed for the perception of their illness, mental wellbeing, and quality of life using the Warwick-Edinburgh mental wellbeing scale (WEMWBS) and the World Health Organization quality of life (WHOQOL-BREF) self-reporting questionnaire. RESULTS The yoga-experienced group had significantly increased mental wellbeing, personal control as a dimension of their perception of illness, and psychological and environmental quality of life compared with the yoga-naïve group (all, p<0.05), when comparisons were made using the Mann-Whitney U test. The duration of yoga practised in months was positively-correlated with mental wellbeing and different aspects of quality of life. There was a negative correlation with the perception of illness suggesting that the illness was perceived to be less severe (all, p<0.05) when correlations were made using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. CONCLUSIONS In patients with chronic illness, yoga improved mental wellbeing, aspects of quality of life, and resulted in a positive perception of illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirley Telles
- Department of Yoga Research, Patanjali Research Foundation, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Ram Kumar Gupta
- Department of Yoga Research, Patanjali Research Foundation, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Ankur Kumar
- Department of Yoga Research, Patanjali Research Foundation, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Deepak K Pal
- Department of Yoga Research, Patanjali Research Foundation, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Deepshikha Tyagi
- Department of Yoga Research, Patanjali Research Foundation, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Acharya Balkrishna
- Department of Yoga Research, Patanjali Research Foundation, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
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Cronly J, Duff A, Riekert K, Horgan A, Lehane E, Perry I, Fitzgerald A, Howe B, Chroinin MN, Savage E. Positive mental health and wellbeing in adults with cystic fibrosis: A cross sectional study. J Psychosom Res 2019; 116:125-130. [PMID: 30579560 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2018.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Screening for depression and anxiety in people with cystic fibrosis (CF) is recommended but this alone can miss the opportunity to assess and promote positive mental health and wellbeing. This cross-sectional study assessed positive mental health and wellbeing, and associations with physical health and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in adults with CF. METHODS Adults (n = 147) with CF from 9 CF centres in the Republic of Ireland completed the Warwick Edinburgh Mental Well-being scale, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and the Cystic Fibrosis Questionnaire-Revised. Demographic and physical health outcome data were also collected. RESULTS High levels of positive mental health and wellbeing were reported in this sample. There were significant associations between positive 'mental health and wellbeing' and pulmonary function, self-reported physical health and recent hospitalizations. Positive mental health was significantly associated with 11 of the 12 CFQ-R domains assessing HRQoL. CONCLUSION Assessing and promoting positive mental health and wellbeing may contribute to improving or maintaining physical and mental health, and HRQoL in patients with cystic fibrosis. It provides valuable clinical information to complement depression and anxiety screening and has potential to track the effectiveness of mental health promotion strategies by assessing and monitoring positive mental health and wellbeing over time. Individuals with CF may benefit from interventions that promote positive mental health and wellbeing by enhancing coping and problem-solving skills and fostering hope and optimism. Future research should focus on the development and testing of positive mental health and wellbeing promotion interventions in people with CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Cronly
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Brookfield Health Sciences Complex, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Alistair Duff
- Department of Clinical & Health Psychology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Kristin Riekert
- John Hopkins Adherence Research Center, John Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Aine Horgan
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Brookfield Health Sciences Complex, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Elaine Lehane
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Brookfield Health Sciences Complex, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Ivan Perry
- School of Public Health, Western Gate Building, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Anthony Fitzgerald
- School of Public Health, Western Gate Building, University College Cork, Ireland; Department of Statistics, Western Gate Building, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Barbara Howe
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Brookfield Health Sciences Complex, University College Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Eileen Savage
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Brookfield Health Sciences Complex, University College Cork, Ireland.
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Evaluation of Arts based Courses within a UK Recovery College for People with Mental Health Challenges. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15061170. [PMID: 29867060 PMCID: PMC6025642 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15061170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
No previous studies have evaluated arts based recovery college courses. Yet arts may assist in personal recovery, as often defined by service users, through social connection and personal meaning. This interdisciplinary study evaluated (i) whether self-reported wellbeing and arts activities increased following arts based recovery college courses, and (ii) how students, peer trainers and artist-trainers understood courses’ impact. The design was mixed-methods. Of 42 service user students enrolling, 39 completed a course and 37 consented to provide data. Of these, 14 completed pre and post course questionnaires on mental wellbeing and 28 on arts participation. Post course focus groups were held with six of eight peer trainers and five of seven artist-trainers, and 28 students gave written feedback. Twenty-four students were interviewed up to three times in the subsequent nine months. There were statistically significant increases in self-reported mental wellbeing and range of arts activities following course attendance. At follow-up 17 of 24 students reported improved mental wellbeing, while seven reported little or no change. Some spoke of increased social inclusion and continuing to use skills learned in the course to maintain wellbeing. Initial in-course experience of ‘artistic growth’ predicted follow-up reports of improvement. Future controlled studies should employ standardized measures of social inclusion and arts participation.
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