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Ash E, Xu Y, Pool R, Schulenberg K, Mikkilineni SD, Baraka T. Exemplification Effects on Policy Support: Exemplar Familiarity, Narrative Vividness, and Perceptions of Maternal Health Disparities. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2024; 39:984-997. [PMID: 37069499 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2023.2200907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
This research examined the relationship between exemplar characteristics and concern for maternal health disparities. A two-wave 2 (familiarity) X 2 (vividness) between-subjects experiment tested the effects of exemplar familiarity and vividness on attitudes toward maternal health and maternal health disparities, perceptions of disparate risk, and policy support after exposure to a story about a mother who faced complications during childbirth and again three to five days later. The moderating role of political ideology was also examined. Results revealed positive effects of vividness on attitudes toward maternal mortality in general, attitudes toward maternal health disparities, and support for policies to address them in the short-term. Effects on general attitudes persisted three to five days later. Contrary to predictions, no effects were found for familiarity at Time 1. A familiar exemplar elicited more negative attitudes toward maternal mortality at Time 2. Examination of the moderating role of politics revealed the impact of vividness on general attitudes and policy support was greater among conservative participants, compared to more liberal participants. In addition to extending the applicability of exemplification theory to perceptions of risk toward others and subsequent policy support, this research has practical applications for bringing public attention to racial health disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Ash
- Department of Communication, Clemson University
| | - Yiwei Xu
- Department of Communication, Cornell University
| | | | | | | | - Toni Baraka
- Department of Communication, Clemson University
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Hurley EA, Tharmarajah S, de Mahy G, Rassp J, Salvatore J, Jones JP, Harvey SA. Audience Response to COVID Monologues: Research-Based Theater on the Societal Impact of COVID-19. Am J Health Promot 2024; 38:412-426. [PMID: 37983664 PMCID: PMC10903126 DOI: 10.1177/08901171231216204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Research-based theater uses drama to communicate research findings to audiences beyond those that typically read peer-reviewed journals. We applied research-based theater to translate qualitative research findings on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on different segments of U.S. society. APPROACH Theater artists and public health researchers collaborated to create a collection of eight monologues from systematically sourced, peer-reviewed publications. Following three virtual performances in Spring, 2021, audience members were invited to complete a survey. SETTING/PARTICIPANTS Audience survey respondents (n = 120) were mostly U.S.-based and were diverse in terms of age, race/ethnicity, gender, profession, and experience attending theater. METHOD We summarized closed-ended responses and explored patterns by demographic characteristics. We synthesized themes of open-ended responses with inductive coding. RESULTS Audience members somewhat/strongly agreed that COVID Monologues increased their knowledge (79.4%), represented the reality of the U.S. COVID-19 epidemic (95.7%), and offered new perspectives on what people had been experiencing (87.5%). Most also agreed research-based theater is an effective means of understanding health research (93.5%) and can promote community resilience in times of public health crisis (83.2%). Mann-Whitney U tests suggested less positive reactions from demographics that were not well-represented in monologue characters (cisgender men, Hispanics). Qualitative comments suggested audience members valued monologues that offered self-reflection and validation of their own COVID-19 experiences through relatable characters as well as those that offered insight into the experiences of people different from themselves. CONCLUSION This work adds to evidence that research-based theater can help build knowledge and emotional insight around a public health issue. As these elements are foundational to pro-social, preventative health behaviors, research-based theater may have a useful role in promoting collective response to public health crises like COVID-19. Our method of systematically-sourcing research for theater-based dissemination could be extended to target more specific audiences with actionable behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily A. Hurley
- Division of Health Services and Outcomes Research, Children’s Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO, USA
- Department of Population Health, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Saraniya Tharmarajah
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Jess Rassp
- Independent Theater Artist, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Joe Salvatore
- Department of Music and Performing Arts Professions, New York University, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Jonathan P. Jones
- Department of Music and Performing Arts Professions, New York University, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Steven A. Harvey
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Jones S, Brown TJ, Watson P, Homer C, Freeman C, Bakhai C, Ells L. Commercial provider staff experiences of the NHS low calorie diet programme pilot: a qualitative exploration of key barriers and facilitators. BMC Health Serv Res 2024; 24:53. [PMID: 38200539 PMCID: PMC10782528 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-023-10501-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The National Health Service Type 2 Diabetes Path to Remission programme in England (known as the NHS Low Calorie Diet programme when piloted) was established to support people living with excess weight and Type 2 Diabetes to lose weight and improve their glycaemic control. A mixed method evaluation was commissioned to provide an enhanced understanding of the long-term cost effectiveness of the pilot programme, its implementation, equity and transferability across broad and diverse populations. This study provided key insights on implementation and equity from the service providers' perspective. METHODS Thirteen focus groups were conducted with commercial providers of the programme, during the initial pilot rollout. Participants were purposively sampled across all provider organisations and staff roles involved in implementing and delivering the programme. Normalisation Process Theory (NPT) was used to design the topic schedule, with the addition of topics on equity and person-centredness. Data were thematically analysed using NPT constructs with additional inductively created codes. Codes were summarised, and analytical themes generated. RESULTS The programme was found to fulfil the requirements for normalisation from the providers' perspective. However, barriers were identified in engaging GP practices and receiving sufficient referrals, as well as supporting service users through challenges to remain compliant. There was variation in communication and training between provider sites. Areas for learning and improvement included adapting systems and processes and closing the gap where needs of service users are not fully met. CONCLUSIONS The evaluation of the pilot programme demonstrated that it was workable when supported by effective primary care engagement, comprehensive training, and effective internal and external communication. However, limitations were identified in relation to programme specifications e.g. eligibility criteria, service specification and local commissioning decisions e.g. pattern of roll out, incentivisation of general practice. A person-centred approach to care is fundamental and should include cultural adaptation(s), and the assessment and signposting to additional support and services where required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Jones
- School of Health & Life Sciences, Teesside University, Centuria Building, Middlesbrough, North Yorkshire, TS1 3BX, UK
| | - Tamara J Brown
- Obesity Institute, School of Health, Leeds Beckett University, City Campus, Leeds, LS6 3QW, UK.
| | - Patricia Watson
- School of Health & Life Sciences, Teesside University, Centuria Building, Middlesbrough, North Yorkshire, TS1 3BX, UK
| | - Catherine Homer
- Sport and Physical Activity Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Olympic Legacy Park, 2 Old Hall Road, Sheffield, S9 3TU, UK
| | - Charlotte Freeman
- Public Health Team, Calderdale Council, Princess Buildings, Princess Street, Halifax, West Yorkshire, HX1 1TP, UK
| | - Chirag Bakhai
- Larkside Practice, Churchfield Medical Centre, 322 Crawley Green Road, Luton, Bedfordshire, LU2 9SB, UK
| | - Louisa Ells
- Obesity Institute, School of Health, Leeds Beckett University, City Campus, Leeds, LS6 3QW, UK
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Roberts A. A Two-Phase Qualitative Enquiry Into Storytelling's Potential to Support Palliative Care Patient-Led Change, Using a Systematic Review Approach. OMEGA-JOURNAL OF DEATH AND DYING 2024:302228231223270. [PMID: 38194348 DOI: 10.1177/00302228231223270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
A terminal diagnosis can diminish an individual's sense of agency and identity. Leading change appears to restore a sense of agential self. The first phase of this literature review explores factors influencing patient-led change across the palliative care ecosystem. The second phase illuminates how storytelling can support palliative care patients in leading ecosystem-wide change. 35 studies were identified in Phase 1 and 36 in Phase 2. This research highlights the need to situate patient leadership activity within a palliative care ecosystem to understand factors likely to support or hinder patient leadership activity within it. The evidence indicates the potential use of storytelling to support patients with a life-limiting illness to lead change across the palliative care ecosystem. This challenges current conceptualisations of such patients and offers them instead as an additional source of palliative care support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Roberts
- Department of Education, University of Hertfordshire Schools of Law and Education, Hatfield, UK
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Grant C, Powell C, Philip G, Blackburn R, Lacey R, Woodman J. 'On paper, you're normal': narratives of unseen health needs among women who have had children removed from their care. J Public Health (Oxf) 2023; 45:863-869. [PMID: 37525519 PMCID: PMC10687599 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdad137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mothers who have children removed from their care often have complex needs. These women have poor health outcomes and are dying earlier than their peers from preventable and amenable causes. Yet there is little known about how health care services might mitigate these risks. This study aimed to listen to the voices of women who had children removed from their care to understand their experiences of health and healthcare. METHODS We used a narrative approach to collect and analyse interview data with six mothers who had experienced child removal in England. Each participant was asked to reflect on their life and main health challenges. RESULTS Three narrative subplots were developed to consolidate experiences of unmet health need: (i) 'on paper you're normal': narratives of complex need, (ii) 'in my family, everyone had issues': narratives of whole family need and (iii) 'I'm still mummy, no matter where they are': narratives of maternal identity and health. CONCLUSIONS Findings highlight limitations within current systems of support, including a culture of distrust and women falling between the gaps of services. Women's narratives illustrate opportunities for health intervention, especially immediately following child removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Grant
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, WC1E 7HB, UK
| | - Claire Powell
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Georgia Philip
- Centre for Research on Children & Families, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Ruth Blackburn
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Rebecca Lacey
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, WC1E 7HB, UK
| | - Jenny Woodman
- Thomas Coram Research Unit, Social Research Institute, University College London, London, WC1H 0AA, UK
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Riera R, de Oliveira Cruz Latorraca C, Padovez RCM, Pacheco RL, Romão DMM, Barreto JOM, Machado MLT, Gomes R, da Silva SF, Martimbianco ALC. Strategies for communicating scientific evidence on healthcare to managers and the population: a scoping review. Health Res Policy Syst 2023; 21:71. [PMID: 37430348 DOI: 10.1186/s12961-023-01017-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Health evidence needs to be communicated and disseminated in a manner that is clearly understood by decision-makers. As an inherent component of health knowledge translation, communicating results of scientific studies, effects of interventions and health risk estimates, in addition to understanding key concepts of clinical epidemiology and interpreting evidence, represent a set of essential instruments to reduce the gap between science and practice. The advancement of digital and social media has reshaped the concept of health communication, introducing new, direct and powerful communication platforms and gateways between researchers and the public. The objective of this scoping review was to identify strategies for communicating scientific evidence in healthcare to managers and/or population. METHODS We searched Cochrane Library, Embase®, MEDLINE® and other six electronic databases, in addition to grey literature, relevant websites from related organizations for studies, documents or reports published from 2000, addressing any strategy for communicating scientific evidence on healthcare to managers and/or population. RESULTS Our search identified 24 598 unique records, of which 80 met the inclusion criteria and addressed 78 strategies. Most strategies focused on risk and benefit communication in health, were presented by textual format and had been implemented and somehow evaluated. Among the strategies evaluated and appearing to yield some benefit are (i) risk/benefit communication: natural frequencies instead of percentages, absolute risk instead relative risk and number needed to treat, numerical instead nominal communication, mortality instead survival; negative or loss content appear to be more effective than positive or gain content; (ii) evidence synthesis: plain languages summaries to communicate the results of Cochrane reviews to the community were perceived as more reliable, easier to find and understand, and better to support decisions than the original summaries; (iii) teaching/learning: the Informed Health Choices resources seem to be effective for improving critical thinking skills. CONCLUSION Our findings contribute to both the knowledge translation process by identifying communication strategies with potential for immediate implementation and to future research by recognizing the need to evaluate the clinical and social impact of other strategies to support evidence-informed policies. Trial registration protocol is prospectively available in MedArxiv (doi.org/10.1101/2021.11.04.21265922).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Riera
- Hospital Sírio-Libanês, Rua Barata Ribeiro, 142, 2O andar, São Paulo, SP, 01308-000, Brazil
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carolina de Oliveira Cruz Latorraca
- Hospital Sírio-Libanês, Rua Barata Ribeiro, 142, 2O andar, São Paulo, SP, 01308-000, Brazil
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Rafael Leite Pacheco
- Hospital Sírio-Libanês, Rua Barata Ribeiro, 142, 2O andar, São Paulo, SP, 01308-000, Brazil.
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp), São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Davi Mamblona Marques Romão
- Hospital Sírio-Libanês, Rua Barata Ribeiro, 142, 2O andar, São Paulo, SP, 01308-000, Brazil
- Instituto Veredas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jorge Otávio Maia Barreto
- Hospital Sírio-Libanês, Rua Barata Ribeiro, 142, 2O andar, São Paulo, SP, 01308-000, Brazil
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Maria Lúcia Teixeira Machado
- Hospital Sírio-Libanês, Rua Barata Ribeiro, 142, 2O andar, São Paulo, SP, 01308-000, Brazil
- Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Romeu Gomes
- Hospital Sírio-Libanês, Rua Barata Ribeiro, 142, 2O andar, São Paulo, SP, 01308-000, Brazil
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Brasília, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Luiza Cabrera Martimbianco
- Hospital Sírio-Libanês, Rua Barata Ribeiro, 142, 2O andar, São Paulo, SP, 01308-000, Brazil
- Universidade Metropolitna de Santo (Unimes), Santos, Brazil
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Kumar MB, Roder-DeWan S, Nyondo-Mipando AL, Mirzoev T, Marston C. Participatory economic approaches in global health evaluations. Lancet Glob Health 2023; 11:e1001-e1002. [PMID: 37349025 DOI: 10.1016/s2214-109x(23)00265-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Meghan Bruce Kumar
- Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK; KEMRI-Wellcome Trust, Nairobi, Kenya.
| | - Sanam Roder-DeWan
- World Bank Group, Washington, DC, USA; Dartmouth University, Hanover, NH, USA
| | | | - Tolib Mirzoev
- Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Cicely Marston
- Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK
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Komashie A, Rae S, Clarkson PJ. Towards a better understanding of mental health care delivery systems: From stories to system components. Health Syst (Basingstoke) 2023; 12:362-374. [PMID: 38235297 PMCID: PMC10791083 DOI: 10.1080/20476965.2023.2229391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The growing demand for better quality of care, together with an increasing awareness of limited resources, is bringing attention to the need for design in healthcare. In mental health, considered the largest single cause of disability in the UK, the need is great. Existing services often fail to meet current levels of demand and do not consistently deliver good quality care for all service users. The design of better delivery systems has the potential to improve service user experience and care outcomes. This paper reports how through the interactive and participatory method of storytelling, the key components of a mental health delivery system were identified. We explain each of the ten components and discuss their implications for system understanding and service design. A model of a mental health delivery system has also been proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Komashie
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- The Healthcare Improvement Studies (THIS) Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sarah Rae
- Independent Expert by Experience, Cambridge, UK
| | - P. John Clarkson
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Munro S, Di Meglio G, Williams A, Barbic SP, Begun S, Black A, Carson A, Fortin M, Jacob K, Khan Z, Martin-Misener R, Meherali S, Paller V, Seiyad H, Vallée CA, Wahl K, Norman WV. Can youth-engaged research facilitate equitable access to contraception in Canada? The qualitative study protocol for the Ask Us project. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e070904. [PMID: 36863736 PMCID: PMC9990688 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-070904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is little to no evidence in Canada on the barriers that youth face when accessing contraception. We seek to identify the contraception access, experiences, beliefs, attitudes, knowledge, and needs of youth in Canada, from the perspectives of youth and youth service providers. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This prospective, mixed-methods, integrated knowledge mobilisation study, the Ask Us project, will involve a national sample of youth, healthcare and social service providers, and policy makers recruited via a novel relational mapping and outreach approach led by youth. Phase I will centre the voices of youth and their service providers through in-depth one-on-one interviews. We will explore the factors influencing youth access to contraception, theoretically guided by Levesque's Access to Care framework. Phase II will focus on the cocreation and evaluation of knowledge translation products (youth stories) with youth, service providers, and policy makers. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethical approval was received from the University of British Columbia's Research Ethics Board (H21-01091). Full open-access publication of the work will be sought in an international peer-reviewed journal. Findings will be disseminated to youth and service providers through social media, newsletters, and communities of practice, and to policy makers through invited evidence briefs and face-to-face presentations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Munro
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Centre for Health Evaluation and Outcome Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Giuseppina Di Meglio
- Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Aleyah Williams
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Skye Pamela Barbic
- Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Stephanie Begun
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amanda Black
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrea Carson
- Research, Innovation, and Discovery, Nova Scotia Health, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Michelle Fortin
- Options for Sexual Health, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kaiya Jacob
- Youth Partner, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Zeba Khan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Salima Meherali
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Victoria Paller
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Carol-Anne Vallée
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kate Wahl
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Wendy V Norman
- Department of Family Practice, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London, UK
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Framework for health care quality and evidence-based practice in radiology departments: A regional study on radiographer's perceptions. J Med Imaging Radiat Sci 2022; 53:648-658. [PMID: 36184270 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmir.2022.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The main goals of this study were to describe, in an integrated and multidimensional way, the conditions related to the quality of care in radiology departments from Algarve (Portugal), to assess the perspective of radiographers on the use of scientific evidence in clinical practice and to validate a model that characterizes the conditions for continuous improvement. METHODS A cross sectional study was performed in four radiology departments from public and private healthcare facilities from Algarve region (Portugal). A paper-based survey was sent to all radiographers to assess the quality systems implemented in their radiology departments and their perspective on the use of scientific evidence in clinical practice. RESULTS In total, 62 radiographers (61.4%) completed the survey. The quality dimensions that obtained the highest degree of compliance were the existence of quality assurance and improvement activities (43.0%), existence of standards in clinical practice of radiographers (42.7%) and the existence of special provisions (37.6%). The quality dimension related to patient's involvement was the one with the lowest level of compliance. Moreover, from the radiographers perspective, positive responses were obtained related to evidence-based actions (83.0%), sources of evidence (76.0%) and the significance of research activities (74.0%). CONCLUSION These findings suggest that a new framework based on four factors (Support for Information; Organizational Capability to Technical Quality of Care; Patient Involvement and Evidence-Based Radiology), should be considered in the establishment of strategic policies that better define the provision of diagnostic procedures and professional practices in radiology departments from Algarve region, based on quality improvement systems and better patient safety. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE There is a need to include patients in the decision-making process, to involve radiographers in quality assurance and improvement activities and to implement quality monitoring mechanisms within radiology departments under study.
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Bolgeo T, Gambalunga F, Di Matteo R, Gatti D, Roberti E, Dealberti D, Fadda B, Grassi E, Gambarini L, Iacorossi L, Maconi A. Becoming a mother during the COVID-19 pandemic: The lived experience as told by birthing mothers: A qualitative study. J Nurs Manag 2022; 30:4138-4144. [PMID: 36325974 PMCID: PMC9878042 DOI: 10.1111/jonm.13890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES The aim of this study is to explore the lived experience of women who gave birth during the COVID-19 pandemic. BACKGROUND Experiencing pregnancy during the Covid-19 pandemic exacerbates the risk of the onset of psychological problems. DESIGN This is a descriptive, single-centre, qualitative study. METHODS The enrolment for data collection included childbearing mothers aged 18 years and over between November 2021 and April 2022. The researchers invited them to write about their personal experiences during the isolation period of the first pandemic wave. The descriptive phenomenological analysis of the data was carried out using the method described by Mortari. RESULTS A total of 50 mothers were recruited, of whom 28 were primiparous (56.0%) and 22 multiparous (44.0%). From the analysis of the interviews, five main themes emerged that enclose the experience of both primiparous and multiparous mothers: 'The negative feeling: between loneliness, sadness and fear'; 'The comfort of being cared for: between humanity and competence'; 'Family proximity: between comfort and stress'; 'Symbiotic intimacy: bonding; Managing physical pain and consciousness of being resilient women'. CONCLUSIONS The study showed that the discomfort associated with the absence of family support in the phase of labour and childbirth was compensated by the professionalism of the health staff and allowed new mothers to experience moments of great intimacy with the child. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT Such data could help create recommendations based on the assisted person's experiences to ensure that care is increasingly attentive and tailored to the needs of mothers and, thus, of children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Bolgeo
- Research Training Innovation Infrastructure ‐ Department of Research and Innovation – AziendaOspedaliera SS Antonio e Biagio e Cesare ArrigoAlessandriaItaly
| | - Francesca Gambalunga
- Department of Biomedicine and PreventionUniversity of Rome “Tor Vergata”RomeItaly
| | - Roberta Di Matteo
- Research Training Innovation Infrastructure ‐ Department of Research and Innovation – AziendaOspedaliera SS Antonio e Biagio e Cesare ArrigoAlessandriaItaly
| | - Denise Gatti
- Research Training Innovation Infrastructure ‐ Department of Research and Innovation – AziendaOspedaliera SS Antonio e Biagio e Cesare ArrigoAlessandriaItaly
| | - Erica Roberti
- SC Obstetrics and GynecologyAzienda Ospedaliera SS Antonio e Biagio e Cesare ArrigoAlessandriaItaly
| | - Davide Dealberti
- SC Obstetrics and GynecologyAzienda Ospedaliera SS Antonio e Biagio e Cesare ArrigoAlessandriaItaly
| | - Barbara Fadda
- SC Obstetrics and GynecologyAzienda Ospedaliera SS Antonio e Biagio e Cesare ArrigoAlessandriaItaly
| | - Elena Grassi
- Azienda Ospedaliera SS Antonio e Biagio e Cesare ArrigoAlessandriaItaly
| | - Lorella Gambarini
- Azienda Ospedaliera SS Antonio e Biagio e Cesare ArrigoAlessandriaItaly
| | | | - Antonio Maconi
- Research Training Innovation Infrastructure ‐ Department of Research and Innovation – AziendaOspedaliera SS Antonio e Biagio e Cesare ArrigoAlessandriaItaly
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Sherman SG, Rouhani S, White RH, Weicker N, Morris M, Schneider K, Park JN, Barry C. Acceptability of Overdose Prevention Sites in the Business Community in Baltimore, Maryland. J Urban Health 2022; 99:723-732. [PMID: 35610474 PMCID: PMC9129898 DOI: 10.1007/s11524-022-00647-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Intervetions are urgently needed to reduce the trajectory of the US opioid overdose epidemic, yet implementation is often hampered by resistance or opposition from key community stakeholders. While businesses are economically and physically impacted by the opioid epidemic, they are rarely engaged in efforts to reduce its impact. The establishment of overdose prevention sites (OPS) is being discussed throughout many US jurisdictions with limited attention to the potential positive role of businesses in that process. We surveyed business owners and employees of businesses located in neighborhoods with concentrated drug markets. The study's primary aim was to examine their attitudes to locally-placed OPS. An iterative, two-phase sampling strategy was used to identify recruitment zones. In person (December 2019-March 2020) and telephone-based (April-July 2020) surveys were administered to distinct business owners and employees (N = 149). Sixty-five percent of participants supported OPS in their neighborhood and 47% had recently witnessed an overdose in or around their workplace. While 70% had heard of naloxone, and 38% reported having it on the premises. Correlates of supporting an OPS locally included living in the same neighborhood as work (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.99, 95% confidence intervals (CI): 1.30-3.05); having a more positive attitude towards people who use drugs (aOR 1.33, 95% CI: 1.13-1.58); and having recently seen an overdose in/around the workplace (aOR 2.86, 95% CI: 1.11-7.32). Lack of support being an owner (aOR 0.35, 95% CI: 0.15-0.83). These data indicate the extent to which businesses are directly impacted by the opioid epidemic and the power of personal experience in shaping OPS support in advocacy efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan G Sherman
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Saba Rouhani
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rebecca Hamilton White
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Noelle Weicker
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Miles Morris
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kristin Schneider
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ju Nyeong Park
- Alpert Medical School, Brown University Division of General Internal Medicine, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Colleen Barry
- Jeb E. Brooks School of Public Policy, Cornell University, Ithica, NY, USA
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“What Do You Need? What Are You Experiencing?” Relationship Building and Power Dynamics in Participatory Research Projects: Critical Self-Reflections of Researchers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19159336. [PMID: 35954692 PMCID: PMC9368275 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19159336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Participatory approaches create opportunities for cooperation, building relationships, gaining knowledge, rethinking, and eventually changing power structures. From an international perspective, the article looks at the historical development of different participatory approaches in which building relationships and managing the balance of power between persons engaged in participatory research are central. The authors present and critically reflect on four research projects to show how they understood and implemented participatory research in different ways and what they have learned from their respective experiences. The “PaSuMi” project worked in the context of addiction prevention with migrants and provides a glimpse into different contexts of participatory research. The initiator of the study “Back into life—with a power wheelchair” works with post-stroke individuals who use the assistive device in community mobility and reflects on the shifting and intertwining roles of participants. In the research project “Workshops for implementation of expanded community nursing”, new professional roles for nurses in community nursing were developed; here limitations to participation and ways to deal with them are illustrated. Finally, the “DIPEx” project deals with challenges of enabling participation of persons with multiple sclerosis via narrative interviews on the experience of health and illness. All examples underline the necessity of a permanent reflection on relationships and power dynamics in participatory research processes.
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Khan M, Rahman-Shepherd A, Bory S, Chhorn S, Durrance-Bagale A, Hasan R, Heng S, Phou S, Prien C, Probandari A, Saphonn V, Suy S, Wiseman V, Wulandari LPL, Hanefeld J. How conflicts of interest hinder effective regulation of healthcare: an analysis of antimicrobial use regulation in Cambodia, Indonesia and Pakistan. BMJ Glob Health 2022; 7:bmjgh-2022-008596. [PMID: 35589155 PMCID: PMC9121421 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2022-008596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There has been insufficient attention to a fundamental force shaping healthcare policies—conflicts of interest (COI). We investigated COI, which results in the professional judgement of a policymaker or healthcare provider being compromised by a secondary interest, in relation to antimicrobial use, thereby illuminating challenges to the regulation of medicines use more broadly. Our objectives were to characterise connections between three groups—policymakers, healthcare providers and pharmaceutical companies—that can create COI, and elucidate the impacts of COI on stages of the policy process. Methods Using an interpretive approach, we systematically analysed qualitative data from 136 in-depth interviews and five focus group discussions in three Asian countries with dominant private healthcare sectors: Cambodia, Indonesia and Pakistan. Findings We characterised four types of connections that were pervasive between the three groups: financial, political, social and familial. These connections created strong COI that could impact all stages of the policy process by: preventing issues related to medicines sales from featuring prominently on the agenda; influencing policy formulation towards softer regulatory measures; determining resource availability for, and opposition to, policy implementation; and shaping how accurately the success of contested policies is reported. Interpretation Our multicountry study fills a gap in empirical evidence on how COI can impede effective policies to improve the quality of healthcare. It shows that COI can be pervasive, rather than sporadic, in influencing regulation of medicine use, and highlights that, in addition to financial connections, other types of connections should be examined as important drivers of COI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mishal Khan
- Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK .,Department of Pathology and Microbiology, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Afifah Rahman-Shepherd
- Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | | | | | - Anna Durrance-Bagale
- Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Rumina Hasan
- Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK.,Department of Pathology and Microbiology, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Chanra Prien
- University of Health Sciences, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | | | | | | | - Virginia Wiseman
- Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK.,The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Luh Putu Lila Wulandari
- The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University, Bali, Indonesia
| | - Johanna Hanefeld
- Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK.,Center for International Health Protection, Robert Koch Institut, Berlin, Germany
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15
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Bogenschutz M, Dinora P, Lineberry S, Prohn S, Broda M, West A. Promising Practices in the Frontiers of Quality Outcome Measurement for Intellectual and Developmental Disability Services. FRONTIERS IN REHABILITATION SCIENCES 2022; 3. [PMID: 35721804 PMCID: PMC9201696 DOI: 10.3389/fresc.2022.871178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Medicaid Home and Community-Based Services (HCBS) for people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) are vital for supporting people with IDD to live well in their communities, but there are not set standards for monitoring quality outcomes related to HCBS. In this paper, we propose promising practices for improving the quality of HCBS outcome measurement, based both in the literature and our own experience conducting an extensive U.S. state-level study. Specifically, we discuss: (1) using merged administrative datasets, (2) developing high-quality psychometrics that attend to ecological issues in measurement, (3) using advanced statistical analyses, and (4) creating immersive, user-friendly translational dissemination products. We conclude by suggesting what we see as important new frontiers for researchers to consider in order to enhance the quality of HCBS outcome measurement for people with IDD in the future.
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Yoshioka-Maeda K, Katayama T, Shiomi M, Hosoya N, Fujii H, Mayama T. Feasibility of an educational program for public health nurses to promote local healthcare planning: protocol for a pilot randomized controlled trial. Pilot Feasibility Stud 2022; 8:92. [PMID: 35477498 PMCID: PMC9043510 DOI: 10.1186/s40814-022-01054-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Promoting of local healthcare planning is crucial for assisting public health nurses in improving community health inequities. However, there is no effective educational program for developing relevant skills and knowledge among these nurses. Therefore, this study aims to assess the feasibility of a newly developed web-based self-learning program to promote the involvement of public health nurses in the local healthcare planning process. METHODS A pilot randomized control trial randomly allocated eligible public health nurses to intervention and control wait-list groups [1:1]. The former will be exposed to six web-based learning modules from July to October 2021. After collecting post-test data, the wait-list group will be exposed to the same modules to ensure learning equity. The primary outcome will be evaluated by implementing a validated and standardized scale designed to measure public health policy competencies at the baseline and post-intervention, while secondary outcome will be measured on an action scale to demonstrate the necessity of healthcare activities. The third outcome will be the knowledge and skills related to local healthcare planning by public health nurses. The participants will provide feedback through free descriptions on the trial feasibility and a web-based self-learning program to identify improvement points for continual refinement. DISCUSSION The results will provide suggestions in preparation for a future definitive randomized controlled trial. This will provide preliminary data for an intervention aimed at improving relevant competencies among public health nurses who are tasked with resolving health inequities in their respective communities through local health planning. TRIAL REGISTRATION The protocol for this study was registered with the University Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trials Registry and approved by the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (No. UMIN000043628 , March 23, 2021).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoko Yoshioka-Maeda
- Department of Community Health Nursing, Division of Health Sciences and Nursing, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan. .,Department of Statistic and Computer Science, College of Nursing Art and Science, University of Hyogo, Hyogo, Japan.
| | - Takafumi Katayama
- Department of Statistic and Computer Science, College of Nursing Art and Science, University of Hyogo, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Misa Shiomi
- Department of Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Noriko Hosoya
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Healthcare Sciences, Chiba Prefectural University of Health Sciences, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Fujii
- Department of Medical Statistics, School of Nursing, Mejiro University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Tatsushi Mayama
- Faculty of Policy Studies, Doshisya University, Kyoto, Japan
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Chapman E, Pantoja T, Kuchenmüller T, Sharma T, Terry RF. Assessing the impact of knowledge communication and dissemination strategies targeted at health policy-makers and managers: an overview of systematic reviews. Health Res Policy Syst 2021; 19:140. [PMID: 34865640 PMCID: PMC8645346 DOI: 10.1186/s12961-021-00780-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The use of research evidence as an input for health decision-making is a need for most health systems. There are a number of approaches for promoting evidence use at different levels of the health system, but knowledge of their effectiveness is still scarce. The objective of this overview was to evaluate the effectiveness of knowledge communication and dissemination interventions, strategies or approaches targeting policy-makers and health managers. Methods This overview of systematic reviews used systematic review methods and was conducted according to a predefined and published protocol. A comprehensive electronic search of 13 databases and a manual search in four websites were conducted. Both published and unpublished reviews in English, Spanish or Portuguese were included. A narrative synthesis was undertaken, and effectiveness statements were developed, informed by the evidence identified. Results We included 27 systematic reviews. Three studies included only a communication strategy, while eight only included dissemination strategies, and the remaining 16 included both. None of the selected reviews provided “sufficient evidence” for any of the strategies, while four provided some evidence for three communication and four dissemination strategies. Regarding communication strategies, the use of tailored and targeted messages seemed to successfully lead to changes in the decision-making practices of the target audience. Regarding dissemination strategies, interventions that aimed at improving only the reach of evidence did not have an impact on its use in decisions, while interventions aimed at enhancing users’ ability to use and apply evidence had a positive effect on decision-making processes. Multifaceted dissemination strategies also demonstrated the potential for changing knowledge about evidence but not its implementation in decision-making. Conclusions There is limited evidence regarding the effectiveness of interventions targeting health managers and policy-makers, as well as the mechanisms required for achieving impact. More studies are needed that are informed by theoretical frameworks or specific tools and using robust methods, standardized outcome measures and clear descriptions of the interventions. We found that passive communication increased access to evidence but had no effect on uptake. Some evidence indicated that the use of targeted messages, knowledge-brokering and user training was effective in promoting evidence use by managers and policy-makers. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12961-021-00780-4.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tomas Pantoja
- Family Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Tanja Kuchenmüller
- Evidence to Policy and Impact, Research for Health - Science Division - World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Robert F Terry
- Manager Research Policy, The Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
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18
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Jacob M. Communicating a Scientific Story. J Dent Res 2021; 101:371-373. [PMID: 34666548 DOI: 10.1177/00220345211049387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Public health organizations typically try to raise literacy or counter misinformation with fact sheets and other data-centric messages. Yet research shows that disseminating more information does not necessarily combat myths. Storytelling offers the oral health community another option for engaging audiences and complementing the facts. The early-20th century research into fluoride is one example of an interesting story. Data and stories can complement each other. Using the elements of storytelling to report or summarize research findings could make such findings more relevant to health policy makers, whose decisions are often driven by values and evidence. Although the scientific literature has not produced a definitive template for instilling stories in a study manuscript, I provide several techniques and caveats for oral health researchers to consider.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Jacob
- Jacob Strategies LLC, Arlington, VA, USA
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19
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Le Gouais A, Foley L, Ogilvie D, Panter J, Guell C. Sharing believable stories: A qualitative study exploring the relevance of case studies for influencing the creation of healthy environments. Health Place 2021; 71:102615. [PMID: 34320460 PMCID: PMC8520914 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2021.102615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Case study examples can inform policy recommendations and action to create healthy environments. This qualitative study, using semi-structured interviews with nine cross-sectoral stakeholders in England, explored the role of context in case study examples. We found that case studies can not only be a 'practical example' but also used as a 'believable story' with the power to influence decision-making. Case studies may be deemed believable if similar and locally relevant, but judgements can be inherently political and politicised. Metrics used to measure case study outcomes can differ in believability. Storytellers who understand different audiences can be used to build support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Le Gouais
- MRC Epidemiology Unit & Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR), School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Box 285 Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK,Corresponding author. Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, 1-5 Whiteladies Road, Bristol, BS8 1NU, UK.
| | - Louise Foley
- MRC Epidemiology Unit & Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR), School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Box 285 Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - David Ogilvie
- MRC Epidemiology Unit & Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR), School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Box 285 Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Jenna Panter
- MRC Epidemiology Unit & Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR), School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Box 285 Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Cornelia Guell
- European Centre for Environment and Human Health, University of Exeter Medical School, Truro, TR1 3HD, UK
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20
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Ajayi KV, Harvey IS, Panjwani S, Uwak I, Garney W, Page RL. Narrative Analysis of Childbearing Experiences During the COVID-19 Pandemic. MCN Am J Matern Child Nurs 2021; 46:284-292. [PMID: 34162794 PMCID: PMC8373388 DOI: 10.1097/nmc.0000000000000742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted health care delivery and services around the world causing rapid changes to maternity care protocols and pregnant women to give birth with tight restrictions and significant uncertainties. There is a gap in evidence about expectant and new mothers' experiences with birthing during the pandemic. We sought to describe and understand pregnant and new mothers' lived experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic using authentic birth stories. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Using a narrative analysis framework, we extracted relevant YouTube birth stories using predetermined search terms and inclusion criteria. Mothers' birth stories were narrated in their second or third trimester or those who had recently given birth during the pandemic. Birth stories were analyzed using an inductive and deductive approach to capture different and salient aspects of the birthing experience. RESULTS N = 83 birth stories were analyzed. Within these birth stories, four broad themes and 13 subthemes were identified. Key themes included a sense of loss, hospital experiences, experiences with health care providers, and unique experiences during birth and postpartum. The birth stories revealed that the COVID-19 pandemic brought unexpected circumstances, both positive and negative, that had an impact on mothers' overall birthing experience. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Results provided a detailed description of women's lived experience with giving birth during the COVID-19 pandemic. Maternity nurses should try to provide clear communication and compassionate patient-centered care to relieve women's anxieties about uncertain and unpredictable policy changes on COVID-19 as the pandemic continues to evolve.
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21
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Mehta-Ambalal SR, Nisarta M. Dermatology 2.0- How the Internet is Changing us, our Patients and our Practice. Indian Dermatol Online J 2021; 12:593-596. [PMID: 34430468 PMCID: PMC8354394 DOI: 10.4103/idoj.idoj_788_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The internet, in a short span of time relative to the history of modern medicine, has changed us doctors, our patients and our practice. This article reviews these changes and how they have occurred. The write- up was conceptualized after the authors started noticing subtle and overt differences in the consultation and treatment paths of patients who were internet savvy vs. those who were internet naïve. A survey was conducted in the clinic to understand the behavioral changes brought about by the internet among patients of clinical as well as aesthetic dermatology. It must be remembered that these changes are completely new to the practice of dermatology; even small numbers of positive replies are noteworthy. The Covid 19 pandemic has made teledermatology a requisite of the time, rather than an option. Our dependence on technology has never before been so profound. As modern-day dermatologists, we need to be updated about the interactions of dermatology and technology. We must constantly try to optimize the benefits of the internet and minimize its pitfalls. Needless to say, most of the facts mentioned here have been gleaned from the internet itself, from a wide range of sources including but not limited to medical journals, books, news reports, commercial websites and magazines.
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22
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Sajadi HS, Majdzadeh R, Ehsani-Chimeh E, Yazdizadeh B, Nikooee S, Pourabbasi A, Lavis J. Policy options to increase motivation for improving evidence-informed health policy-making in Iran. Health Res Policy Syst 2021; 19:91. [PMID: 34098971 PMCID: PMC8186173 DOI: 10.1186/s12961-021-00737-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current incentive programmes are not sufficient to motivate researchers and policy-makers to use research evidence in policy-making. We conducted a mixed-methods design to identify context-based policy options for strengthening motivations among health researchers and policy-makers to support evidence-informed health policy-making (EIHP) in Iran. METHODS This study was conducted in 2019 in two phases. In the first phase, we conducted a scoping review to extract interventions implemented or proposed to strengthen motivations to support EIHP. Additionally, we employed a comparative case study design for reviewing the performance evaluation (PE) processes in Iran and other selected countries to determine the current individual and organizational incentives to encourage EIHP. In the second phase, we developed two policy briefs and then convened two policy dialogues, with 12 and 8 key informants, respectively, where the briefs were discussed. Data were analysed using manifest content analysis in order to propose contextualized policy options. RESULTS The policy options identified to motivate health researchers and policy-makers to support EIHP in Iran were: revising the criteria of academic PE; designing appropriate incentive programmes for nonacademic researchers; developing an indicator for the evaluation of research impact on policy-making or health outcomes; revising the current policies of scientific journals; revising existing funding mechanisms; presenting the knowledge translation plan when submitting a research proposal, as a mandatory condition; encouraging and supporting mechanisms for increasing interactions between policy-makers and researchers; and revising some administrative processes (e.g. managers and staff PEs; selection, appointment, and changing managers and reward mechanisms). CONCLUSIONS The current individual or organizational incentives are mainly focused on publications, rather than encouraging researchers and policy-makers to support EIHP. Relying more on incentives that consider the other impacts of research (e.g. impacts on health system and policy, or health outcomes) is recommended. These incentives may encourage individuals and organizations to be more involved in conducting research evidence, resulting in promoting EIHP. TRIAL REGISTRATION NA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haniye Sadat Sajadi
- Knowledge Utilization Research Center, University Research and Development Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Majdzadeh
- Community-Based Participatory-Research Center, Knowledge Utilization Research Center, and School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Ehsani-Chimeh
- National Institute for Health Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Bahareh Yazdizadeh
- Knowledge Utilization Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sima Nikooee
- Knowledge Utilization Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ata Pourabbasi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - John Lavis
- McMaster Health Forum and Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
- Africa Centre for Evidence, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Turning value into action: Healthcare workers using digital media advocacy to drive change. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0250875. [PMID: 33914809 PMCID: PMC8084157 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The standard method of sharing information in academia is the scientific journal. Yet health advocacy requires alternative methods to reach key stakeholders to drive change. The purpose of this study was to analyze the impact of social media and public narrative for advocacy in matters of firearm-related injury and death. Study design The movement This Is Our Lane was evaluated through the #ThisIsOurLane and #ThisIsMyLane hashtags. Sources were assessed from November 2018 through March 2019. Analyses specifically examined message volume, time course, global engagement, and content across Twitter, scientific literature, and mass media. Twitter data were analyzed via Symplur Signals. Scientific literature reviews were performed using PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Mass media was compiled using Access World News/Newsbank, Newspaper Source, and Google. Results A total of 507,813 tweets were shared using #ThisIsOurLane, #ThisIsMyLane, or both (co-occurrence 21–39%). Fifteen scientific items and n = 358 mass media publications were published during the study period; the latter included articles, blogs, television interviews, petitions, press releases, and audio interviews/podcasts. Peak messaging appeared first on Twitter on November 10th, followed by mass media on November 12th and 20th, and scientific publications during December. Conclusions Social media enables clinicians to quickly disseminate information about a complex public health issue like firearms to the mainstream media, scientific community, and general public alike. Humanized data resonates with people and has the ability to transcend the barriers of language, culture, and geography. Showing society the reality of caring for firearm-related injuries through healthcare worker stories via digital media appears to be effective in shaping the public agenda and influencing real-world events.
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EVITA 2.0, an updated framework for understanding evidence-based mental health policy agenda-setting: tested and informed by key informant interviews in a multilevel comparative case study. Health Res Policy Syst 2021; 19:35. [PMID: 33691696 PMCID: PMC7948345 DOI: 10.1186/s12961-020-00651-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mental health remains a neglected issue on the global health policy agenda, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC), and the translation of research evidence into policy and practice is slow. The new EVITA framework was developed to improve mental health evidence uptake and policy agenda-setting in LMICs. In addition, behavioural science methods may be able to support knowledge translation to policy. Methods Using a mixed-methods study design, we applied and tested the newly developed EVITA 1.1 framework against three case studies related to South Africa at the district, national and international levels. In-depth interviews with 26 experts were conducted between August and November 2019, transcribed, coded and analysed in NVivo, using iterative categorization. The data were analysed against both the EVITA framework and the MINDSPACE framework for behavioural insights. Results In our case study comparison, we found that (1) research translation to the policy agenda occurs in a complex, fluid system which includes multiple “research clouds”, “policy spheres” and other networks; (2) mental health research policy agenda-setting is based on key individuals and intermediaries and their interrelationships; and (3) key challenges and strategies for successful research to policy agenda impact are known, but are frequently not strategically implemented, such as including all stakeholders to overcome the policy implementation gap. Our data also suggest that behavioural science methods can be strategically applied to support knowledge translation to policy agenda-setting. Conclusion We found that the EVITA framework is useful for understanding and improving mental health research policy interrelationships to support evidence uptake to the policy agenda, and that behavioural science methods are effective support mechanisms. The revised EVITA 2.0 framework therefore includes behavioural insights, for improved mental health policy agenda-setting in LMICs. More research is needed to understand whether EVITA can be applied to other LMICs and to high-income contexts.
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Zendo S, Donelle L, Magalhaes L. Health Access of Women in Provincial Correctional Institutions. SOCIAL WORK IN PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 36:232-245. [PMID: 33427590 DOI: 10.1080/19371918.2020.1864556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Historically, there has been a disparity between men and women rates of incarceration, even though there has been a significant increase in the number of women imprisoned over the past 20 years, globally. Women have unique health care needs that are often not adequately addressed within the correctional institutions in which they are held. The focus of this study was to explore women's experiences when accessing health services within Canadian provincial correctional institutions. Narrative inquiry was used to investigate the life stories of five women who accessed health care in provincial correctional institutions. A total of two storylines and five sub-storylines resulted from the analysis of interviews conducted with the participants. The findings suggest that during incarceration, participants experienced compromising conditions that contributed to the worsening of their health, and faced difficulties accessing their prescribed treatments and medications. Consequently, this contributed to the worsening of their physical and mental wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamiram Zendo
- Faculty of Information and Media Studies, Western University, London, Canada
| | - Lorie Donelle
- Arthur Labatt Family School of Nursing, Western University, London, Canada
| | - Lilian Magalhaes
- Federal University of Sao Carlos, Sao Carlos, Brazil
- Western University Emeritus Professor, London, Canada
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Uneke CJ, Sombie I, Johnson E, Uneke BI. Lessons Learned from Strategies for Promotion of Evidence-to-Policy Process in Health Interventions in the ECOWAS Region: A Rapid Review. Niger Med J 2021; 61:227-236. [PMID: 33487844 PMCID: PMC7808283 DOI: 10.4103/nmj.nmj_188_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Context: The West African Health Organization (WAHO) is vigorously supporting evidence-informed policymaking (EIPM) in the countries of West Africa. EIPM is increasingly recognized as one of the key strategies that can contribute to health systems strengthening and the improvement of health outcomes. The purpose of this rapid review is to examine two key examples of evidence-based strategies used to successfully implement health interventions in each of the West African countries and to highlight the lessons learned. Methods: A rapid review technique, defined as a type of knowledge synthesis in which systematic review processes are accelerated and methods are streamlined to complete the review more quickly, was used. A PubMed search was conducted using the combination of the following keywords: Health, policy making, evidence, plus name of each of the 15 countries to identify studies that described the process of use of evidence in policymaking in health interventions. Two examples of the publications that fulfilled the study inclusion criteria were selected. Results: Among the key processes used by the countries to promote EIPM in health interventions include policy cycle mechanism and political prioritization, rapid response services, technical advisory group and steering committees (SCs), policy dialog, capacity-strengthening mechanisms, local context evidence and operational guidelines, multisectoral action and consultative process. Conclusion: Various degrees of success have been achieved in by West African countries in the promotion of EIPM. As the science of EIPM continues to evolve and better understanding of the process is gained among policymakers, more studies on effective strategies to improve the evidence-to-policy process are advocated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chigozie Jesse Uneke
- Department of Health Policy/Systems, African Institute for Health Policy and Health Systems, Ebonyi State University, CAS Campus, Abakaliki, Nigeria
| | - Issiaka Sombie
- Department of Public Health and Research, West African Health Organisation, 175, Avenue Ouezzin Coulibaly, Bobo Dioulasso 01 01 BP 153, Burkina Faso
| | - Ermel Johnson
- Department of Public Health and Research, West African Health Organisation, 175, Avenue Ouezzin Coulibaly, Bobo Dioulasso 01 01 BP 153, Burkina Faso
| | - Bilikis Iyabo Uneke
- Department of Health Policy/Systems, African Institute for Health Policy and Health Systems, Ebonyi State University, CAS Campus, Abakaliki, Nigeria
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Yoshioka-Maeda K, Shiomi M, Katayama T, Hosoya N, Fujii H, Mayama T. Self-reported competences of public health nurses for developing needs-oriented local healthcare plans: A nationwide cross-sectional survey. J Adv Nurs 2021; 77:2267-2277. [PMID: 33426729 DOI: 10.1111/jan.14741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM To identify self-reported competencies of public health nurses for reflecting community healthcare needs in local healthcare plans. DESIGN We conducted a nationwide cross-sectional survey in Japan from October 7-November 30, 2019. METHODS We sent 2,185 self-reported questionnaires to public health nurses in Japan who had developed a local healthcare plan since 2013. Self-reported questionnaires included questions regarding demographic data and the reflection of community healthcare needs in local healthcare plans, and the involvement in local healthcare planning. RESULTS We analysed 1,042 questionnaires: 651 (62.5%) were from public health nurses who reported that they elicited and shared community views to be reflected for purposes of local healthcare planning (the reflecting group), and 391 (37.5%) of the remaining public health nurses who reported that they did not do so (the non-reflecting group). The logistic regression analysis revealed that public health nurses in the reflecting group were more likely to be in a managerial position, have colleagues who played an active role in healthcare planning, conduct a questionnaire survey, engage in group work, participate in a municipal healthcare planning committee with community-dwelling people, and identify the opinions of the professional organizations. CONCLUSIONS Identifying community healthcare needs through collaboration with community-dwelling people and professional organizations should be essential competencies for public health nurses (the reflecting group) in developing needs-oriented local healthcare plans. IMPACT Identification of their related competencies for developing a needs-oriented local healthcare plan as an upstream strategy to mitigate the prevalence of health inequities in each community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoko Yoshioka-Maeda
- Department of Health Promotion, National Institute of Public Health, Saitama, Japan
| | - Misa Shiomi
- Department of Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takafumi Katayama
- Department of Statistic and Computer Science, College of Nursing Art and Science, University of Hyogo, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Noriko Hosoya
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Healthcare Sciences, Chiba Prefectural University of Health Sciences, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Fujii
- Department of Medical Statistics, School of Nursing, Mejiro University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Tatsushi Mayama
- Faculty of Policy Studies, Doshisha University, Kyoto, Japan
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Soffer M. The social construction of multiple sclerosis in Israel: a cultural reading of illness narratives. Disabil Rehabil 2020; 44:3154-3164. [PMID: 33347792 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2020.1860141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Illness narratives are cultural artifacts that reflect the ways through which a certain culture perceives and constructs a given illness. Against this backdrop, the study explored the social construction of MS in Israeli society. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thematic content analysis of all (70) illness narratives posted on the Israel MS Society's website between 2012-2018, was employed. RESULTS Five themes were identified in our analysis, according to chronological order: (1) "Becoming ill" - consisted of framing MS as a sudden affliction or constructing MS as a gradual development. (2) "Negative changes" depicted MS as inflicting negative bodily changes and a disruption to the social order. The "happy ending" of the narratives pertained to (3) "adjustments" to MS and, (4) "never giving up" to MS. These were facilitated by embracing (5) "positive thinking and optimism." CONCLUSIONS MS is perceived in Israel as a form of "deviance" and as a biomedical phenomenon. Rehabilitation and healthcare staff, therefore, need to actively engage in interventions that challenge and change the ways that MS is perceived, as well as to partner with people with MS, and disability advocates to reconstruct and design policies and services that reflect a more socio-political understanding of MS.Implications for rehabilitationIllness narratives by people with multiple sclerosis (MS) can teach us about the ways though which a given society perceives and constructs MS.This study analyzed online illness narratives by Israelis with MS; it shows that MS was predominantly constructed as a bio-medical phenomenon and as a form of social deviance.Rehabilitation and healthcare professionals need to actively engage in interventions that challenge and change the ways MS is perceived among the public, policy makers, and people with multiple sclerosis.Rehabilitation and healthcare professionals should collaborate with people with MS and disability advocates in order to reconstruct and shape policies and the planning of communities such that they address the socio-cultural barriers that people with MS face.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Soffer
- Faculty of Social Welfare & Health Sciences, School of Social Work, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
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Swinton M, Vanstone M, Phung P, Neville TH, Takaoka A, Smith OM, Baker A, LeBlanc A, Foster D, Dhingra V, Clarke FJ, Hoad N, Woods A, Boyle A, Toledo F, Cook DJ. Hospital leadership perspectives on the value of the 3 Wishes Project: a qualitative study. BMJ LEADER 2020. [DOI: 10.1136/leader-2020-000302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BackgroundHealthcare organisations are increasingly interested in improving the work life of their employees. By encouraging individualised acts of compassion for dying patients and their families, the 3 Wishes Project (3WP) has been shown to ease grief for both families and clinicians.PurposeThe objective of this study was to explore the perspectives of hospital leaders on the value of the 3WP to the hospital and how decisions are made about which programmes to support.MethodsWe conducted semistructured interviews with 20 hospital leaders in four North American institutions. Transcripts were analysed using qualitative content analysis.ResultsInterviews with 12 clinical managers and 8 senior administrators identified the institutional value of the 3WP as improving patient and family experiences, enhancing staff morale, translating institutional mission and values into front-line practice, and creating positive public relations. Hospital leaders acknowledged potential resource challenges, including staff time, space to store supplies and funds to purchase items for some wishes. However, citing stories they had heard from families and staff, hospital leaders shared their view of how their decisions about the value of clinical programmes extend beyond quantifiable outcomes.ConclusionsWhen reflecting on this personalised palliative care programme, hospital leaders described how inspiring narratives promoted institutional values in ways that are difficult to measure quantitatively. Leaders underscored the need to balance the value that a programme brings with the resources it requires, stating how different types of evidence influence their support of new programmes.Trial registration numberNCT04147169.
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Verani AR, Lane J, Lim T, Kaliel D, Katz A, Palen J, Timberlake J. HIV Policy Advancements in PEPFAR Partner countries: a review of data from 2010-2016. Glob Public Health 2020; 16:390-400. [PMID: 32748699 DOI: 10.1080/17441692.2020.1795219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
This paper aims to describe and analyse progress with domestic HIV-related policies in PEPFAR partner countries, utilising data collected as part of PEPFAR's routine annual program reporting from U.S. government fiscal years 2010 through 2016. 402 policies were monitored for one or more years across more than 50 countries using the PEPFAR policy tracking tool across five policy process stages: 1. Problem identification, 2. Policy development, 3. Policy endorsement, 4. Policy implementation, and 5. Policy evaluation. This included 219 policies that were adopted and implemented by partner governments, many in Africa. Policies were tracked across a wide variety of subject matter areas, with HIV Testing and Treatment being the most common. Our review also illustrates challenges with policy reform using varied, national examples. Challenges include the length of time (often years) it may take to reform policies, local customs that may differ from policy goals, and insufficient public funding for policy implementation. Limitations included incomplete data, variability in the amount of data provided due to partial reliance on open-ended text boxes, and data that reflect the viewpoints of submitting PEPFAR country teams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre R Verani
- Center for Global Health, Division of Global HIV and TB, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, USA
| | - Jeffrey Lane
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, USA
| | - Travis Lim
- Center for Global Health, Division of Global HIV and TB, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, USA
| | - Deborah Kaliel
- Office of HIV/AIDS, United States Agency for International Development, Washington DC, USA
| | - Aaron Katz
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, USA
| | - John Palen
- Office of the U.S. Global AIDS Coordinator, U.S. State Department
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Effect of Rational Digital Storytelling Intervention on Depression Among Adolescent-Athletes with Special Educational Needs. JOURNAL OF RATIONAL-EMOTIVE AND COGNITIVE-BEHAVIOR THERAPY 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10942-020-00366-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Oxman AD, Glenton C, Flottorp S, Lewin S, Rosenbaum S, Fretheim A. Development of a checklist for people communicating evidence-based information about the effects of healthcare interventions: a mixed methods study. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e036348. [PMID: 32699132 PMCID: PMC7375421 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-036348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To make informed decisions about healthcare, patients and the public, health professionals and policymakers need information about the effects of interventions. People need information that is based on the best available evidence; that is presented in a complete and unbiased way; and that is relevant, trustworthy and easy to use and to understand. The aim of this paper is to provide guidance and a checklist to those producing and communicating evidence-based information about the effects of interventions intended to inform decisions about healthcare. DESIGN To inform the development of this checklist, we identified research relevant to communicating evidence-based information about the effects of interventions. We used an iterative, informal consensus process to synthesise our recommendations. We began by discussing and agreeing on some initial recommendations, based on our own experience and research over the past 20-30 years. Subsequent revisions were informed by the literature we examined and feedback. We also compared our recommendations to those made by others. We sought structured feedback from people with relevant expertise, including people who prepare and use information about the effects of interventions for the public, health professionals or policymakers. RESULTS We produced a checklist with 10 recommendations. Three recommendations focus on making it easy to quickly determine the relevance of the information and find the key messages. Five recommendations are about helping the reader understand the size of effects and how sure we are about those estimates. Two recommendations are about helping the reader put information about intervention effects in context and understand if and why the information is trustworthy. CONCLUSIONS These 10 recommendations summarise lessons we have learnt developing and evaluating ways of helping people to make well-informed decisions by making research evidence more understandable and useful for them. We welcome feedback for how to improve our advice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Oxman
- Centre for Informed Health Choices, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Claire Glenton
- Centre for Informed Health Choices, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Signe Flottorp
- Centre for Informed Health Choices, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Simon Lewin
- Centre for Informed Health Choices, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sarah Rosenbaum
- Centre for Informed Health Choices, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Atle Fretheim
- Centre for Informed Health Choices, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
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Pluviano S, Della Sala S, Watt C. The effects of source expertise and trustworthiness on recollection: the case of vaccine misinformation. Cogn Process 2020; 21:321-330. [PMID: 32333126 DOI: 10.1007/s10339-020-00974-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Designing effective communication strategies for correcting vaccines misinformation requires an understanding of how the target group might react to information from different sources. The present study examined whether erroneous inferences about vaccination could be effectively corrected by a perceived credible (i.e. expert or trustworthy) source. Two experiments are reported using a standard continued influence paradigm, each featuring two correction conditions on vaccine misinformation. Participants were presented with a story containing a piece of information that was later retracted by a perceived credible or not so credible source. Experiment 1 showed that providing a correction reduced participants' use of the original erroneous information, yet the overall reliance on misinformation did not significantly differ between the low- and high-expertise correction groups. Experiment 2 revealed that a correction from a high-trustworthy source decreased participants' reliance on misinformation when making inferences; nonetheless, it did not positively affect the reported intent to vaccinate one's child. Overall, source trustworthiness was more relevant than source expertise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Pluviano
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK. .,Laboratory of Experimental Psychology, Suor Orsola Benincasa University, Via Suor Orsola 10, 80135, Naples, Italy.
| | - Sergio Della Sala
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Caroline Watt
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
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Dean L, Tolhurst R, Nallo G, Kollie K, Bettee A, Theobald S. Neglected tropical disease as a 'biographical disruption': Listening to the narratives of affected persons to develop integrated people centred care in Liberia. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2019; 13:e0007710. [PMID: 31490931 PMCID: PMC6750611 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Integrated disease management, disability and inclusion (DMDI) for NTDs is increasingly prioritised. There is limited evidence on the effectiveness of integrated DMDI from the perspective of affected individuals and how this varies by differing axes of inequality such as age, gender, and disability. We used narrative methods to consider how individuals' unique positions of power and privilege shaped their illness experience, to elucidate what practical and feasible steps could support integrated DMDI in Liberia and beyond. METHODS We purposively selected 27 participants affected by the clinical manifestations of lymphatic filariasis, leprosy, Buruli Ulcer, and onchocerciasis from three counties in Liberia to take part in illness narrative interviews. Participants were selected to ensure maximum variation in age, gender and clinical manifestation. Narrative analysis was grounded within feminist intersectional theory. FINDINGS For all participants, chronic illness, morbidity and disability associated with NTDs represented a key moment of 'biographical disruption' triggering the commencement of a restitution narrative. Complex health seeking pathways, aetiologies and medical syncretism meant that adoption of the 'sick role' was initially acceptable, but when the reality of permanency of condition was identified, a transition to periods of chaos and significant psycho-social difficulty occurred. An intersectional lens emphasises how biographical disruption is mediated by intersecting social processes. Gender, generation, and disability were all dominant axes of social inequity shaping experience. SIGNIFICANCE This is one of the first studies to use narrative approaches to interrogate experience of chronic disabling conditions within LMICs and is the only study to apply such an analysis to NTDs. The emotive power of narrative should be utilised to influence the value base of policy makers to ensure that DMDI strategies respond holistically to the needs of the most marginalised, thus contributing to more equitable people-centred care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Dean
- Department of International Public Health, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Rachel Tolhurst
- Department of International Public Health, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Gartee Nallo
- University of Liberia, Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, Monrovia, Monsterrado, Liberia
| | - Karsor Kollie
- Neglected Tropical Disease Programme, Ministry of Health, Government of Liberia, Monrovia, Monsterrado, Liberia
| | - Anthony Bettee
- Neglected Tropical Disease Programme, Ministry of Health, Government of Liberia, Monrovia, Monsterrado, Liberia
| | - Sally Theobald
- Department of International Public Health, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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