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Cheng J, Wu Y, Wang X, Yu H. Objectively measured the impact of ambient air pollution on physical activity for older adults. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:821. [PMID: 38491436 PMCID: PMC10941607 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18279-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Air pollution poses a significant health risk to the human population, especially for vulnerable groups such as the elderly, potentially discouraging their engagement in physical activity. However, there is a lack of sufficient objective and longitudinal data in current research on how air pollution affects physical activity among older adults. With these gaps, we aimed to explore the relationship between air pollution and objective measurement-based physical activity among older adults by engaging in a longitudinal study design. METHODS A total of 184 older adults were recruited from three cities with varying levels of air quality. Mean daily minutes of physical activity were measured with 7 consecutive days of accelerometer monitoring (ActiGraph GT3X-BT). Corresponding air pollution data including daily PM2.5 (µg/m3), PM10 (µg/m3) and air quality index (AQI) were sourced from the China National Environmental Monitoring Centre at monitor locations close to older adults' addresses. Associations between air quality and physical activity were estimated using a fixed effect model, adjusting for average daytime temperature, rain, age and weight. RESULTS AQI and PM2.5 were observed to exhibit significant, inverse, and linear associations with mean daily walk steps, minutes of light physical activity (LPA), moderate physical activity (MPA) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in the single variable models. A one-level increase in AQI corresponded to a decline in 550.04 steps (95% [CI] = -858.97, -241.10; p < 0.001), 10.43 min (95% [CI] = -17.07, -3.79; p < 0.001), 4.03 min (95% [CI] = -7.48, -0.59; p < 0.001) and 4.16 min (95% [CI] = -7.77, -0.56; p < 0.001) in daily walking steps, LPA, MPA, and MVPA, respectively. A one-level increase in PM2.5 correlated with a decline in daily walk steps, LPA, MPA and MVPA by 361.85 steps (95% [CI] = -516.53, -207.16; p < 0.001), 8.97 min (95% [CI] = -12.28, -5.66; p < 0.001), 3.73 min (95% [CI] = -5.46, -2.01; p < 0.001,) and 3.79 min (95% [CI] = -5.59, -1.98; p < 0.001), respectively. However, PM10 displayed a significant negative association exclusively with LPA, with one-level increase in PM10 resulting in a 3.7-minute reduction in LPA (95% [CI] = -6.81, -0.59, p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Air pollution demonstrates an inverse association with physical activity levels among older adults, potentially discouraging their engagement in physical activity. Different air quality indicators may exert varying impacts on physical activity. Future studies are warranted to enhance policy interventions aimed at reducing air pollution and promoting physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Cheng
- Faculty of Public Physical Education, Hebei Normal University, 050024, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yin Wu
- The Experimental High School Attached to Beijing Normal University, 100032, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxin Wang
- Department of Physical Education, Tsinghua University, Tsinghua Yuan Str, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Hongjun Yu
- Department of Physical Education, Tsinghua University, Tsinghua Yuan Str, 100084, Beijing, China.
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Yu H, Song Y, Wang Y, Wang X, Li H, Feng X, Yu M. The Impact of Temperature on 24-Hour Movement Behaviors among Chinese Freshmen Students. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:4970. [PMID: 36981878 PMCID: PMC10049201 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20064970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human populations worldwide have experienced substantial climate change issues. Gaps in scientific literature remain regarding the relationship between temperature and 24-hour movement behavior among people. The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of temperature on 24-hour movement behavior including physical activity (PA), sedentary behavior (SB) and sleep duration among university students living in Beijing, China. METHODS We conducted follow-up health surveys on 44,693 freshmen students enrolled at Tsinghua University from 2012 to 2018. PA and SB were measured by using the short version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ-s); sleep duration was estimated by using The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (CPSQI). Corresponding temperature data measured by the Beijing Meteorological Service were collected to include average daily temperature from the nearest weather station to Tsinghua university. The data were analyzed using linear individual fixed-effect regressions. RESULTS An increase in temperature (temperature range 2.29-28.73 °C) by 1 °C was associated with an increase in 0.66 weekly minutes of vigorous physical activity (VPA) (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.49, 0.82), an increase in 0.56 weekly minutes of moderate physical activity (MPA)(95% CI = 0.32, 0.79), an increase in 1.21 weekly minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) (95% CI = 0.90, 1.53), an increase in 0.55 weekly minutes of walking (95% CI = 0.31, 0.78), an increase in 1.76 weekly minutes of total PA (95% CI = 1.35, 2.17), and a reduction in 1.60 weekly minutes of sleeping (95% CI = -2.09, -1.11). There was no significant correlation between temperature and sedentary behavior among participants. CONCLUSIONS Temperature was significantly positively correlated with physical activity levels in the Chinese freshmen students, and significantly negatively correlated with sleep duration. Replication of this study is warranted among various populations within China. The evidence of this novel study focused on understanding the relationship between climate change and 24-hour movement behaviors among people for developing effective adaptation strategies to climate change to improve people's health behavior. This study has important implications for future study, as knowledge of the impact of temperature on movement behavior may help in the interpretation of their results and translate into improving people's health behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjun Yu
- Department of Physical Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yiling Song
- Department of Physical Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yangyang Wang
- Department of Physical Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiaoxin Wang
- Department of Physical Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Haoxuan Li
- Department of Physical Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiaolu Feng
- Department of Sports Science, College of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Miao Yu
- Renmin University of China Libraries, Beijing 100872, China
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Yu H, Zhang H. Impact of ambient air pollution on physical activity and sedentary behavior in children. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:357. [PMID: 36803326 PMCID: PMC9936470 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15269-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to air pollution has become a serious environmental issue affecting children's health and health-related behavior in China. Previous studies have focused on the associations between air pollution and physical activity among adults; however, few have examined the relationship between air pollution and health-related behavior among children, which are particularly susceptible population subgroups. The present study aims to examine the impact of air pollution on daily physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) among children in China. METHODS PA and SB data were collected by actiGraph accelerometers for eight consecutive days. PA and SB data from 206 children were matched to daily air pollution obtained from the Ministry of Environmental Protection of the People's Republic of China, including the average daily air quality index (AQI), PM2.5 (µg/m³), and PM10 (µg/m³). Associations were estimated using linear individual fixed-effect regressions. RESULTS A 10-unit increase in daily AQI was associated with a reduction in daily PA by 5.94 (95% confidence interval [CI] = -8.79, -3.08) minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and 229.82 (95% CI = -345.35, -114.28) walking steps and an increase in daily SB by 15.77 (95% CI = 9.01, 22.53) minutes. A 10 µg/m³ increase in air pollution concentration in daily PM2.5 was associated with a reduction in daily PA by 7.51 (95% CI = -11.04, -3.97) minutes of MVPA, 295.69 (95% CI = -438.46, -152.92) walking steps and an increase in daily SB by 21.12 (95% CI = 12.77, 29.47) minutes. A 10 µg/m³ increase in air pollution concentration in daily PM10 was associated with a reduction in daily PA by 13.18 (95% confidence interval [CI] = -15.98, -10.37) minutes of MVPA, 518.34 (95% CI = -631.77, -404.91) walking steps and an increase in daily SB by 19.87 (95% CI = 13.10, 26.64) minutes. CONCLUSION Air pollution may discourage physical activity and increase sedentary behavior among children. Policy interventions are needed to reduce air pollution and develop strategies to decrease risks to children's health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjun Yu
- Department of Physical Education, Tsinghua University, Tsinghua Yuan Str, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Heran Zhang
- grid.12527.330000 0001 0662 3178Department of Physical Education, Tsinghua University, Tsinghua Yuan Str, Beijing, 100084 China ,grid.507041.70000 0004 0386 5990Winter Sports Administrative Center of General Administration of Sport of China, Beijing, China
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Wang T, Voss J, Perazzo J, Phillips JC, Musanti R, Orton P, Hamilton MJ, Chaiphibalsarisdi P, Schnall R, Dawson-Rose C, Nokes KM, Tufts KA, Portillo C, Sefcik E, Webel AR. Working status and seasonal meteorological conditions predict physical activity levels in people living with HIV. AIDS Care 2022; 34:926-935. [PMID: 34612090 PMCID: PMC11034746 DOI: 10.1080/09540121.2021.1981219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about how demographic, employment and meteorological factors impact physical activity. We conducted an analysis to explore these associations from participants (N = 447) from six cities in the United States and matched their activity data with abstracted local meteorological data from National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) weather reports. Participants were purposively recruited in 3-month blocks, from December 2015 to October 2017, to reflect physical activity engagement across the seasons. We calculated total physical activity (minutes/week) based on 7-day physical activity recall. Mild correlations were observed between meteorological factors and correlated with lower physical activity. Participants were least active in autumn (Median = 220 min/week) and most active in spring (Median = 375 min/week). In addition to level of education and total hours of work, maximum temperature, relative humidity, heating degree day, precipitation and sunset time together explained 17.6% of variance in total physical activity. Programs assisting in employment for PLHIV and those that promote indoor physical activity during more strenuous seasons are needed. Additional research to better understand the selection, preferences, and impact of indoor environments on physical activity is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongyao Wang
- Case Western Reserve University, FPB School of Nursing, Cleveland, United States
| | - Joachim Voss
- Case Western Reserve University, FPB School of Nursing, Cleveland, United States
| | - Joseph Perazzo
- University of Cincinnati, School of Nursing, Cincinnati, United States
| | - J. Craig Phillips
- University of Ottawa, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Nursing, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Rita Musanti
- Rutgers University, School of Nursing, Newark, New Jersey, United States
| | - Penelope Orton
- Durban University of Technology, School of Nursing, Durban, South Africa
| | - Mary Jane Hamilton
- Texas A&M University, School of Nursing, Corpus Christi, Texas, United States
| | | | - Rebecca Schnall
- Columbia University, School of Nursing, New York City, New York, United States
| | - Carol Dawson-Rose
- University of California, School of Nursing, San Francisco, California, United States
| | - Kathleen M. Nokes
- Durban University of Technology, School of Nursing, Durban, South Africa
| | | | - Carmen Portillo
- Yale University, School of Nursing, Connecticut, United States
| | - Elizabeth Sefcik
- Texas A&M University, School of Nursing, Corpus Christi, Texas, United States
| | - Allison R. Webel
- Case Western Reserve University, FPB School of Nursing, Cleveland, United States
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5
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Ho JY, Goggins WB, Mo PKH, Chan EYY. The effect of temperature on physical activity: an aggregated timeseries analysis of smartphone users in five major Chinese cities. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2022; 19:68. [PMID: 35701809 PMCID: PMC9195465 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-022-01285-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Physical activity is an important factor in premature mortality reduction, non-communicable disease prevention, and well-being protection. Climate change will alter temperatures globally, with impacts already found on mortality and morbidity. While uncomfortable temperature is often perceived as a barrier to physical activity, the actual impact of temperature on physical activity has been less well studied, particularly in China. This study examined the associations between temperature and objectively measured physical activity among adult populations in five major Chinese cities. Methods Aggregated anonymized step count data was obtained between December 2017-2018 for five major Chinese cities: Beijing, Shanghai, Chongqing, Shenzhen, and Hong Kong. The associations of temperature with daily aggregated mean step count were assessed using Generalized Additive Models (GAMs), adjusted for meteorological, air pollution, and time-related variables. Results Significant decreases in step counts during periods of high temperatures were found for cold or temperate climate cities (Beijing, Shanghai, and Chongqing), with maximum physical activity occurring between 16 and 19.3 °C. High temperatures were associated with decreases of 800-1500 daily steps compared to optimal temperatures. For cities in subtropical climates (Shenzhen and Hong Kong), non-significant declines were found with high temperatures. Overall, females and the elderly demonstrated lower optimal temperatures for physical activity and larger decreases of step count in warmer temperatures. Conclusions As minor reductions in physical activity could consequentially affect health, an increased awareness of temperature’s impact on physical activity is necessary. City-wide adaptations and physical activity interventions should seek ways to sustain physical activity levels in the face of shifting temperatures from climate change. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12966-022-01285-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janice Y Ho
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - William B Goggins
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Phoenix K H Mo
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Emily Y Y Chan
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. .,Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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Park JH, Kim Y, Welk GJ, Silva P, Lee JM. Association with Temperature Variability and Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior, and Sleep in a Free-Living Population. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182413077. [PMID: 34948687 PMCID: PMC8701207 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182413077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The present study examines the temperature variability in physical activity (PA), sedentary behavior (SB), and sleep in a free-living population. A representative sample of 1235 adults (ages 21–70) from Iowa, U.S.A., wore a SenseWear Mini Armband (SWA) for a randomly assigned day. Koppen’s weather climate classification was used to precisely classify the temperature: cold (−13 to 32 °F), cool (32 to 50 °F), mild (50 to 64 °F), warm (64 to 73 °F), and hot (73 to 95 °F). The main effect of three-way ANOVA (age × gender × temperature) had differences for SB and sleep, with older adults having higher levels than younger adults (p < 0.05). However, moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA) did not vary systematically by age or gender, and contrary to expectations, the main effect of the weather was not significant for MVPA (p > 0.05). Participants spent more time participating in PA at cold than at hot temperatures. The results clarify the impact of temperature on shaping PA and SB patterns in adults. The variable impacts and differential patterns by age suggest that weather should be considered when interpreting differences in PA patterns in research or surveillance applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Hui Park
- Department of Physical Education, Kyung Hee University (Global Campus), 1732 Deokyoungdaero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 17014, Gyeonggi-do, Korea;
| | - Youngwon Kim
- Division of Kinesiology, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China;
| | - Gregory J. Welk
- Department of Kinesiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011-4008, USA;
| | - Pedro Silva
- CIAFEL (Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health, and Leisure), Faculty of Sports-University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Jung-Min Lee
- Department of Physical Education, Kyung Hee University (Global Campus), 1732 Deokyoungdaero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 17014, Gyeonggi-do, Korea;
- Sports Science Research Center, Kyung Hee University (Global Campus), 1732 Deokyoungdaero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 17014, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
- Correspondence:
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Characterisation of Temporal Patterns in Step Count Behaviour from Smartphone App Data: An Unsupervised Machine Learning Approach. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182111476. [PMID: 34769991 PMCID: PMC8583116 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182111476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The increasing ubiquity of smartphone data, with greater spatial and temporal coverage than achieved by traditional study designs, have the potential to provide insight into habitual physical activity patterns. This study implements and evaluates the utility of both K-means clustering and agglomerative hierarchical clustering methods in identifying weekly and yearlong physical activity behaviour trends. Characterising the demographics and choice of activity type within the identified clusters of behaviour. Across all seven clusters of seasonal activity behaviour identified, daylight saving was shown to play a key role in influencing behaviour, with increased activity in summer months. Investigation into weekly behaviours identified six clusters with varied roles, of weekday versus weekend, on the likelihood of meeting physical activity guidelines. Preferred type of physical activity likewise varied between clusters, with gender and age strongly associated with cluster membership. Key relationships are identified between weekly clusters and seasonal activity behaviour clusters, demonstrating how short-term behaviours contribute to longer-term activity patterns. Utilising unsupervised machine learning, this study demonstrates how the volume and richness of secondary app data can allow us to move away from aggregate measures of physical activity to better understand temporal variations in habitual physical activity behaviour.
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8
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Kim YB, McCurdy AP, Lamboglia CG, Hakimi S, Kuzik N, Lee EY, Lindeman C, Sivak A, Spence JC. Ambient air pollution and movement behaviours: A scoping review. Health Place 2021; 72:102676. [PMID: 34700061 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2021.102676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This scoping review summarizes the literature about how ambient (outdoor) air pollution impacts movement behaviours (i.e., physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and sleep), or beliefs about movement behaviours. Of 6552 potential documents, 58 documents and 218 findings were included in the final synthesis. Most studies were from the United States and China, involved cross-sectional designs, and included mixed age groups. Overall, unfavourable changes/associations (i.e., decreased/lower physical activity, increased/higher sedentary-related behaviour, and decreased/lower sleep duration and quality) or no change/association in movement behaviours in relation to ambient air pollution were identified. Our findings suggest that more attention should be given to understanding the impact of ambient air pollution on movement behaviours in general and in diverse countries and vulnerable populations such as children or older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeong-Bae Kim
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2H9, Canada
| | - Ashley P McCurdy
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2H9, Canada
| | - Carminda G Lamboglia
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2H9, Canada
| | - Shawn Hakimi
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Nicholas Kuzik
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2H9, Canada
| | - Eun-Young Lee
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Cliff Lindeman
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2H9, Canada
| | - Allison Sivak
- H.T. Coutts Library, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G5, Canada
| | - John C Spence
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2H9, Canada.
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Pontin F, Lomax N, Clarke G, Morris MA. Socio-demographic determinants of physical activity and app usage from smartphone data. Soc Sci Med 2021; 284:114235. [PMID: 34311392 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.114235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The increasing ubiquity of smartphones provides a potential new data source to capture physical activity behaviours. Though not designed as a research tool, these secondary data have the potential to capture a large population over a more extensive spatial area and with longer temporality than current methods afford. This paper uses one such secondary data source from a commercial app designed to incentivise activity. We explore the new insights these data provide, alongside the sociodemographic profile of those using physical activity apps, to gain insight into both physical activity behaviour and determinants of app usage in order to evaluate the suitability of the app in providing insights into the physical activity of the population. We find app usage to be higher in females, those aged 25-50, and users more likely to live in areas where a higher proportion of the population are of a lower socioeconomic status. We ascertain longer-term patterns of app usage with increasing age and more male users reaching physical activity guideline recommendations despite longer daily activity duration recorded by female users. Additionally, we identify key weekly and seasonal trends in physical activity. This is one of the first studies to utilise a large volume of secondary physical activity app data to co-investigate usage alongside activity behaviour captured.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Pontin
- Leeds Institute for Data Analytics, University of Leeds, Level 11, Worsley Building, Clarendon Way, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom; School of Geography, Garstang North, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom.
| | - Nik Lomax
- Leeds Institute for Data Analytics, University of Leeds, Level 11, Worsley Building, Clarendon Way, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom; School of Geography, Garstang North, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom.
| | - Graham Clarke
- School of Geography, Garstang North, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom.
| | - Michelle A Morris
- Leeds Institute for Data Analytics, University of Leeds, Level 11, Worsley Building, Clarendon Way, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom; School of Medicine, Worsley Building, University of Leeds, Clarendon Way, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom.
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Yu M, Wu Y, Gordon SP, Cheng J, Chen P, Wang Y, Yu H. Objectively measured association between air pollution and physical activity, sedentary behavior in college students in Beijing. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 194:110492. [PMID: 33217438 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to examine the association between hourly air pollution on hourly physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) among college students in Beijing, China. The secondary aim was to examine such associations varied at specific time. A total of 340 participants were recruited from the Tsinghua University, in Beijing, China. Accelerometers provided PA measures, including moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), walking steps, energy expenditure and sedentary time for 7 consecutive days. Corresponding air pollution data by the Beijing Municipal Ecological Environment Bureau in the closed site (Wan Liu site) in Tsinghua University were collected including average hourly air quality index (AQI) and PM2.5 (μg/m³). Associations were estimated using linear individual fixed-effect regressions. We also conducted an air pollution risk perception survey among 2307 freshmen (76.6% males) who were enrolled in Tsinghua in 2016, and the survey was done in May 22-26, 2017. A one level increase in hourly air quality index (AQI) was associated with a reduction in 1-h PA by 0.083 (95% confidence interval [CI] = -0.137, -0.029) minutes of MVPA, 8.8 (95% CI = -15.0, -2.6) walking steps, 0.65 (95% CI = -1.03, -0.27) kcals of energy expenditure. A 10 μg/m³ increase in air pollution concentration in hourly PM2.5 was associated with a reduction in 1-h PA by 0.021 (95% confidence interval [CI] = -0.033, -0.010) minutes of MVPA, 2.2 (95% CI = -3.5, -0.9) walking steps, 0.170 (95% CI = -0.250, -0.089) kcals of energy expenditure an increase in 1-h sedentary behavior 0.045 (0.005, 0.0845). At specific time, stronger negative associations of AQI and PM2.5 air pollution with PA at 8 a.m., 4 p.m., 5 p.m. and 7 p.m. Similarly, stronger positive associations of 1 h AQI and PM2.5 air pollution with SB at 8 a.m., 9 a.m., 11 a.m., and 7 p.m. A total of 94.9% participants (n = 2235) responded "yes" to air pollution change activities in the survey, which may partially explain PA change. Air pollution may discourage physical activity and increases sedentary behavior among freshman students living in Beijing, China. This is preliminary study. The impact of air pollution on physical activity and sedentary behavior at a specific time may be different.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Yu
- School of Information Rescource Management, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China.
| | - Yin Wu
- Department of Physical Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
| | | | - Jiali Cheng
- Department of Physical Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
| | - Panpan Chen
- Department of Physical Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
| | - Yangyang Wang
- Department of Sociology, Tsinghua University, China.
| | - Hongjun Yu
- Department of Physical Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
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11
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Turrisi TB, Bittel KM, West AB, Hojjatinia S, Hojjatinia S, Mama SK, Lagoa CM, Conroy DE. Seasons, weather, and device-measured movement behaviors: a scoping review from 2006 to 2020. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2021; 18:24. [PMID: 33541375 PMCID: PMC7863471 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-021-01091-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This scoping review summarized research on (a) seasonal differences in physical activity and sedentary behavior, and (b) specific weather indices associated with those behaviors. METHODS PubMed, CINAHL, and SPORTDiscus were searched to identify relevant studies. After identifying and screening 1459 articles, data were extracted from 110 articles with 118,189 participants from 30 countries (almost exclusively high-income countries) on five continents. RESULTS Both physical activity volume and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) were greater in summer than winter. Sedentary behavior was greater in winter than either spring or summer, and insufficient evidence existed to draw conclusions about seasonal differences in light physical activity. Physical activity volume and MVPA duration were positively associated with both the photoperiod and temperature, and negatively associated with precipitation. Sedentary behavior was negatively associated with photoperiod and positively associated with precipitation. Insufficient evidence existed to draw conclusions about light physical activity and specific weather indices. Many weather indices have been neglected in this literature (e.g., air quality, barometric pressure, cloud coverage, humidity, snow, visibility, windchill). CONCLUSIONS The natural environment can influence health by facilitating or inhibiting physical activity. Behavioral interventions should be sensitive to potential weather impacts. Extreme weather conditions brought about by climate change may compromise health-enhancing physical activity in the short term and, over longer periods of time, stimulate human migration in search of more suitable environmental niches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor B Turrisi
- Department of Kinesiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Kelsey M Bittel
- Department of Kinesiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Ashley B West
- Department of Kinesiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | | | - Sahar Hojjatinia
- Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Scherezade K Mama
- Department of Health Disparities Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Constantino M Lagoa
- Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - David E Conroy
- Department of Kinesiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
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12
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Yoshimura E, Tajiri E, Hatamoto Y, Tanaka S. Changes in Season Affect Body Weight, Physical Activity, Food Intake, and Sleep in Female College Students: A Preliminary Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17238713. [PMID: 33255205 PMCID: PMC7727682 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17238713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The current study examined how body weight and lifestyle fluctuate between spring, autumn, and winter in Japanese female college students and whether weight gain is associated with changes in physical activity, food intake, and sleep. We measured body weight and lifestyle factors in 31 participants from May 2017 to January 2018. Weight was measured daily in participants’ homes. Physical activity and sleep were measured for three weeks in three seasons using two accelerometers. Food intake was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Body weight significantly decreased in autumn compared with spring (p < 0.001). Body weight in winter tended to increase compared with autumn (p = 0.052). Step counts and energy intake were significantly different between seasons (p < 0.05). Total time in bed was not significantly different between seasons. In comparisons of changes in lifestyle patterns from autumn to winter between the weight gain (≥0.5 kg) and weight maintenance groups, seasonal changes in lifestyle factors were not significantly different between groups (p > 0.05). The results indicated that body weight and lifestyle were affected by seasonal variability in female college students, but no significant relationships existed between seasonal weight gain and changes in lifestyle patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiichi Yoshimura
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo 162-8636, Japan; (Y.H.); (S.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-03-3203-5721; Fax: +81-03-3202-3278
| | - Eri Tajiri
- Graduate School of Environmental & Symbiotic Sciences, Prefectural University of Kumamoto, 3-1-100 Tsukide, Higashi-ku, Kumamoto 862-8502, Japan;
| | - Yoichi Hatamoto
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo 162-8636, Japan; (Y.H.); (S.T.)
| | - Shigeho Tanaka
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo 162-8636, Japan; (Y.H.); (S.T.)
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13
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Mazidi M, Speakman JR. Predicted impact of increasing average ambient temperature over the coming century on mortality from cardiovascular disease and stroke in the USA. Atherosclerosis 2020; 313:1-7. [PMID: 32980563 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2020.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Future climate change may adversely impact human health. The direct effects of extreme hot temperatures on mortality are well established, and their future impact well modelled. However, less extreme changes in ambient temperature (Ta) have been previously associated with increased mortality from circulatory and metabolic diseases, but their future impact is less clear. METHODS We evaluated the spatial association between cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and stroke mortality with average Ta across the US mainland, and then used this relationship to model future temporal trends in mortality from CVD and stroke until the end of the century (2099), using different warming scenarios for each US county. RESULTS Ta was significantly associated with crude levels of CVD mortality (R2 = 0.269) and stroke mortality (R2 = 0.264). Moreover, there was a strong positive link between Ta and physical inactivity (PIA) (R2 = 0.215). Once adjusted for PIA the associations between Ta and CVD and stroke mortality were much reduced (R2 = 0.054 and R2 = 0.091 respectively) but still highly significant. CONCLUSIONS By 2099 modelling suggests between 8844 and 25,486 extra deaths each year from CVD, and between 2,063 and 13,039 extra deaths for stroke, beyond the increases expected from population expansion. Mortality due to changes in the mean Ta may be as, or more, significant than the impacts of extreme hot weather events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Mazidi
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - John R Speakman
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang, Beijing, China; School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Scotland, UK; CAS Center of Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
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14
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Zhang X, Speakman JR. Genetic Factors Associated With Human Physical Activity: Are Your Genes Too Tight To Prevent You Exercising? Endocrinology 2019; 160:840-852. [PMID: 30721946 DOI: 10.1210/en.2018-00873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The benefits of physical activity (PA) on health and fitness are well known. It has become apparent from studies of heritability that there is a considerable genetic component to PA. However, PA is such a complex phenotype that the measurement and quantification of it provide a challenge to a clearer understanding of its genetic basis. In this review, we assessed available evidence from family and twin studies that have estimated the heritability of PA. Heritability is greater when evaluated by accelerometry compared with questionnaires, and for questionnaires higher in twin than family studies. Accelerometry studies suggest heritability of PA is 51% to 56%. There have been many genome-wide linkage studies, candidate gene studies, and four genome-wide association studies that have highlighted specific genetic factors linked to different PA levels. These studies have generally failed to replicate identified loci, with the exception of the melanocortin 4 receptor, and this may be because of the variability in the measurement techniques used to characterize the behavior. Future work should aim to standardize the procedures used to measure PA in the context of trying to identify genetic causes. The link of genetics to physical exercise is not so tight that it prevents voluntary interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijingshan District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - John R Speakman
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
- CAS Center of Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, People's Republic of China
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15
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Seasonal variation in body mass, body composition and activity-induced energy expenditure: a long-term study. Eur J Clin Nutr 2019; 74:135-140. [PMID: 30787469 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-019-0408-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Seasonal variation in body mass is a model for the study of body mass regulation. Here a long-term study is presented on body mass, body composition, and activity-induced energy expenditure in a subject with a large seasonal variation in body mass of about 3.0 kg. SUBJECT/METHODS Body mass was assessed daily over >20 consecutive years. Daily assessment of activity-induced energy expenditure was performed over the last 10 years. Body composition was assessed monthly for 1 year in the middle and at the end of the observation interval. Additionally, data were compared with data on body composition, resting energy expenditure, and total daily energy expenditure of the same subject as a participant in published studies. RESULTS Body mass showed a pronounced seasonal variation, associated with a synchronous variation in physical activity. Body mass peaked in the cold winter months when physical activity reached the lowest annual value and decreased to the lowest value in mid-summer when daily physical activity peaked. The seasonal variation in body mass consisted mainly of body fat. Longitudinally, over the past 8 years of the observation interval, average fat-free mass showed a decrease of 1.0 kg and fat mass increased 0.8 kg. CONCLUSIONS In a subject with a pronounced seasonal variation in physical activity, activity-induced variation in energy requirement was covered by an annual variation in body mass, mainly as fat. Maintenance of activity-induced energy expenditure did not protect against loss of fat-free body mass with advancing age.
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16
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Yu H, Cheng J, Gordon SP, An R, Yu M, Chen X, Yue Q, Qiu J. Impact of Air Pollution on Sedentary Behavior: A Cohort Study of Freshmen at a University in Beijing, China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15122811. [PMID: 30544739 PMCID: PMC6313684 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15122811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Human populations worldwide have experienced substantial environmental issues in part due to air pollution, notably in China. Gaps in the scientific literature remain regarding the relationship between air pollution and sedentary behavior among young adults in China. The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of air pollution on sedentary behavior among college students living in Beijing, China. We conducted follow-up health surveys on 12,174 freshman students enrolled at Tsinghua University from 2013 to 2017. Sedentary behavior was measured using the short version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Corresponding air pollution data measured by the Ministry of Environmental Protection of the People's Republic of China were collected to include the average hourly air quality index (AQI), PM2.5, PM10, and NO₂ (µg/m³). The data were analyzed using linear individual fixed-effect regressions. An increase in air pollution concentration of one standard deviation in AQI, PM2.5, PM10, and NO₂ was associated with an increase in weekly total hours of sedentary behavior by 7.35 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 5.89, 8.80), 6.24 (95% CI = 5.00, 7.49), 6.80 (95% CI = 5.46, 8.15), and 7.06 (95% CI = 5.65, 8.47), respectively. In the presence of air pollution, women students tended to increase their sedentary behavior more than men. Air pollution increases sedentary behavior among freshman students living in Beijing, China. Replication of this study is warranted among various populations within China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjun Yu
- Department of Physical Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Jiali Cheng
- Department of Physical Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Shelby Paige Gordon
- Department of Interdisciplinary Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61820, USA.
| | - Ruopeng An
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61820, USA.
| | - Miao Yu
- Renmin University of China Libraries, Beijing 100872, China.
| | - Xiaodan Chen
- Department of Martial Art, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510500, China.
| | - Qingli Yue
- Department of Olympic Games, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Jun Qiu
- Department of Physical Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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17
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Mazidi M, Speakman JR. Impact of Obesity and Ozone on the Association Between Particulate Air Pollution and Cardiovascular Disease and Stroke Mortality Among US Adults. J Am Heart Assoc 2018; 7:JAHA.117.008006. [PMID: 29848499 PMCID: PMC6015356 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.117.008006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and stroke are the highest and third highest causes of death, respectively, in the whole United States. It is well established that both long‐ and short‐term exposure to particulate air pollution (particulate matter with diameters <2.5 μm [PM2.5]) increases the risks of both CVD and stroke mortality. Methods and Results We combined county‐level data for CVD and stroke mortality, and prevalence of hypertension and obesity, with spatial patterns of PM2.5 and ozone in a cross‐sectional ecological study. We found significant positive associations between both CVD (β=15.4, P<0.001) and stroke (β=2.7, P<0.001) mortality with PM2.5. Ozone had significant link with just CVD (β=1372.1, P<0.001). Once poverty, ethnicity, and education were taken into account, there were still significant positive associations between PM2.5 and both CVD (β=1.2, P<0.001) and stroke (β=1.1, P<0.001) mortality. Moreover, the association between CVD and ozone remained after adjustment for these factors (β=21.8, P<0.001). PM2.5 and ozone were independent risk factors. The impact of PM2.5 on CVD and stroke mortality was strongly dependent on the prevalence of obesity. Hypertension partially mediated the associations of PM2.5 and mortality from CVD and stroke. Conclusions There was a spatial association between PM2.5 exposure and the leading causes of death and disability in United States. The effect of PM2.5 was considerably greater in areas where obesity is more prevalent. Hypertension is a possible mediator of the association of PM2.5 and both CVD and stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Mazidi
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang Beijing, China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - John R Speakman
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang Beijing, China .,Institute of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom
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18
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Wang G, Speakman JR. Response to Farrokhi et al.'s statistical comments on 'no seasonal variation in physical activity of Han Chinese living in Beijing'. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2017; 14:152. [PMID: 29100494 PMCID: PMC5670506 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-017-0603-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- G Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - J R Speakman
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China. .,Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 2TZ, UK.
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Farrokhi M, Shirian N. Statistical comments on "no seasonal variation in physical activity of Han Chinese living in Beijing". Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2017; 14:151. [PMID: 29100495 PMCID: PMC5670710 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-017-0604-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mehrdad Farrokhi
- Medical Student, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Nasser Shirian
- Student's Research Committee, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
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20
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The association between ambient fine particulate air pollution and physical activity: a cohort study of university students living in Beijing. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2017; 14:136. [PMID: 28982357 PMCID: PMC5629773 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-017-0592-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Air pollution has become a substantial environmental issue affecting human health and health-related behavior in China. Physical activity is widely accepted as a method to promote health and well-being and is potentially influenced by air pollution. Previous population-based studies have focused on the impact of air pollution on physical activity in the U.S. using a cross-sectional survey method; however, few have examined the impact on middle income countries such as China using follow-up data. The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) air pollution on physical activity among freshmen students living in Beijing by use of follow-up data. Methods We conducted 4 follow-up health surveys on 3445 freshmen students from Tsinghua University from 2012 to 2013 and 2480 freshmen completed all 4 surveys. Linear individual fixed-effect regressions were performed based on repeated-measure physical activity-related health behaviors and ambient PM2.5 concentrations among the follow-up participants. Results An increase in ambient PM2.5 concentration by one standard deviation (44.72 μg/m3) was associated with a reduction in 22.32 weekly minutes of vigorous physical activity (95% confidence interval [CI] = 24.88–19.77), a reduction in 10.63 weekly minutes of moderate physical activity (95% CI = 14.61–6.64), a reduction in 32.45 weekly minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) (95% CI = 37.63–27.28), and a reduction in 226.14 weekly physical activity MET-minute scores (95% CI = 256.06–196.21). The impact of ambient PM2.5 concentration on weekly total minutes of moderate physical activity tended to be greater among males than among females. Conclusions Ambient PM2.5 air pollution significantly discouraged physical activity among Chinese freshmen students living in Beijing. Future studies are warranted to replicate study findings in other Chinese cities and universities, and policy interventions are urgently needed to reduce air pollution levels in China.
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