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Fernández-Barrés S, Robinson O, Fossati S, Márquez S, Basagaña X, de Bont J, de Castro M, Donaire-Gonzalez D, Maitre L, Nieuwenhuijsen M, Romaguera D, Urquiza J, Chatzi L, Iakovides M, Vafeiadi M, Grazuleviciene R, Dedele A, Andrusaityte S, Marit Aasvang G, Evandt J, Hjertager Krog N, Lepeule J, Heude B, Wright J, McEachan RRC, Sassi F, Vineis P, Vrijheid M. Urban environment and health behaviours in children from six European countries. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 165:107319. [PMID: 35667344 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Urban environmental design is increasingly considered influential for health and wellbeing, but evidence is mostly based on adults and single exposure studies. We evaluated the association between a wide range of urban environment characteristics and health behaviours in childhood. METHODS We estimated exposure to 32 urban environment characteristics (related to the built environment, traffic, and natural spaces) for home and school addresses of 1,581 children aged 6-11 years from six European cohorts. We collected information on health behaviours including total amount of overall moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, physical activity outside school hours, active transport, sedentary behaviours and sleep duration, and developed patterns of behaviours with principal component analysis. We used an exposure-wide association study to screen all exposure-outcome associations, and the deletion-substitution-addition algorithm to build a final multi-exposure model. RESULTS In multi-exposure models, green spaces (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, NDVI) were positively associated with active transport, and inversely associated with sedentary time (22.71 min/day less (95 %CI -39.90, -5.51) per interquartile range increase in NDVI). Residence in densely built areas was associated with more physical activity and less sedentary time, and densely populated areas with less physical activity outside school hours and more sedentary time. Presence of a major road was associated with lower sleep duration (-4.80 min/day (95 %CI -9.11, -0.48); compared with no major road). Results for the behavioural patterns were similar. CONCLUSIONS This multicohort study suggests that areas with more vegetation, more building density, less population density and without major roads are associated with improved health behaviours in childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sílvia Fernández-Barrés
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain (Doctor Aiguader, 88, 08003 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain (Plaça de la Mercè, 10, 08002 Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain (Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5. Pabellón 11. Planta 0 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Oliver Robinson
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, UK (Norfolk Place, W2 1PG London, UK
| | - Serena Fossati
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain (Doctor Aiguader, 88, 08003 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain (Plaça de la Mercè, 10, 08002 Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain (Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5. Pabellón 11. Planta 0 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sandra Márquez
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain (Doctor Aiguader, 88, 08003 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain (Plaça de la Mercè, 10, 08002 Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain (Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5. Pabellón 11. Planta 0 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Xavier Basagaña
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain (Doctor Aiguader, 88, 08003 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain (Plaça de la Mercè, 10, 08002 Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain (Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5. Pabellón 11. Planta 0 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jeroen de Bont
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain (Doctor Aiguader, 88, 08003 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain (Plaça de la Mercè, 10, 08002 Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain (Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5. Pabellón 11. Planta 0 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Montserrat de Castro
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain (Doctor Aiguader, 88, 08003 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain (Plaça de la Mercè, 10, 08002 Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain (Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5. Pabellón 11. Planta 0 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - David Donaire-Gonzalez
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Division of Environmental Epidemiology (EEPI), Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Léa Maitre
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain (Doctor Aiguader, 88, 08003 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain (Plaça de la Mercè, 10, 08002 Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain (Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5. Pabellón 11. Planta 0 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mark Nieuwenhuijsen
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain (Doctor Aiguader, 88, 08003 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain (Plaça de la Mercè, 10, 08002 Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain (Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5. Pabellón 11. Planta 0 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Dora Romaguera
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain (Doctor Aiguader, 88, 08003 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain (Carretera de Valldemossa, 79, 07120 Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain (Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5. Pabellón 11. Planta 0, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Urquiza
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain (Doctor Aiguader, 88, 08003 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain (Plaça de la Mercè, 10, 08002 Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain (Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5. Pabellón 11. Planta 0 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Leda Chatzi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-9239, USA
| | - Minas Iakovides
- Environmental Chemical Processes Laboratory (ECPL), Chemistry Department, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece; Climate and Atmosphere Research Center (CARE-C), The Cyprus Institute, 20, Konstantinou Kavafi Str., 2121, Aglantzia, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Marina Vafeiadi
- Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece (Voutes Campus, Heraklion, Crete, GR-71003, Greece
| | - Regina Grazuleviciene
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Vytautas Magnus University, Kaunas, Lithuania (Vileikos g. 8 - 212, LT-44404 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Audrius Dedele
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Vytautas Magnus University, Kaunas, Lithuania (Vileikos g. 8 - 212, LT-44404 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Sandra Andrusaityte
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Vytautas Magnus University, Kaunas, Lithuania (Vileikos g. 8 - 212, LT-44404 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Gunn Marit Aasvang
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway (Lovisenberggata 8, 0456 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jorunn Evandt
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway (Lovisenberggata 8, 0456 Oslo, Norway
| | - Norun Hjertager Krog
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway (Lovisenberggata 8, 0456 Oslo, Norway
| | - Johanna Lepeule
- University Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CNRS, Team of Environmental Epidemiology Applied to Development and Respiratory Health, IAB, Grenoble, France
| | - Barbara Heude
- Université de Paris-cité, Center for Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), INSERM, INRAE, F-75004 Paris, France
| | - John Wright
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK (Bradford Royal Infirmary, Duckworth Lane, BD9 6RJ Bradford, UK
| | - Rosemary R C McEachan
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK (Bradford Royal Infirmary, Duckworth Lane, BD9 6RJ Bradford, UK
| | - Franco Sassi
- Centre for Health Economics and Policy Innovation, Department of Economics and Public Policy, Imperial College Business School, London, UK
| | - Paolo Vineis
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, UK (Norfolk Place, W2 1PG London, UK; Italian Institute of Technology, Genova, Italy
| | - Martine Vrijheid
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain (Doctor Aiguader, 88, 08003 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain (Plaça de la Mercè, 10, 08002 Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain (Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5. Pabellón 11. Planta 0 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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Ma C, Yang J, Nakayama SF, Iwai-Shimada M, Jung CR, Sun XL, Honda Y. Cold Spells and Cause-Specific Mortality in 47 Japanese Prefectures: A Systematic Evaluation. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2021; 129:67001. [PMID: 34128690 PMCID: PMC8204943 DOI: 10.1289/ehp7109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many studies have investigated the devastating health effects of heat waves, but less is known about health risks related to cold spells, despite evidence that extreme cold may contribute to a larger proportion of deaths. OBJECTIVES We aimed to systematically investigate the association between cold spells and mortality in Japan. METHODS Daily data for weather conditions and 12 common causes of death during the 1972-2015 cold seasons (November-March) were obtained from 47 Japanese prefectures. Cold spells were defined as ≥2 consecutive days with daily mean temperatures ≤5th percentile for the cold season in each prefecture. Quasi-Poisson regression was combined with a distributed lag model to estimate prefecture-specific associations, and pooled associations at the national level were obtained through random-effects meta-analysis. The potential influence of cold spell characteristics (intensity, duration, and timing in season) on associations between cold spells and mortality was examined using a similar two-stage approach. Temporal trends were investigated using a meta-regression model. RESULTS A total of 18,139,498 deaths were recorded during study period. Mortality was significantly higher during cold spell days vs. other days for all selected causes of death. Mortality due to age-related physical debilitation was more strongly associated with cold spells than with other causes of death. Associations between cold spells and mortality from all causes and several more specific outcomes were stronger for longer and more intense cold spells and for cold spells earlier in the cold season. However, although all outcomes were positively associated with cold spell duration, findings for cold spell intensity and seasonal timing were heterogeneous across the outcomes. Associations between cold spells and mortality due to cerebrovascular disease, cerebral infarction, and age-related physical debility decreased in magnitude over time, whereas temporal trends were relatively flat for all-cause mortality and other outcomes. DISCUSSION Our findings may have implications for establishing tailored public health strategies to prevent avoidable cold spell-related health consequences. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP7109.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaochen Ma
- Center for Health and Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Jun Yang
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shoji F. Nakayama
- Center for Health and Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Miyuki Iwai-Shimada
- Center for Health and Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Chau-Ren Jung
- Center for Health and Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Xian-Liang Sun
- Center for Health and Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yasushi Honda
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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Giles-Corti B, Zapata-Diomedi B, Jafari A, Both A, Gunn L. Could smart research ensure healthy people in disrupted cities? JOURNAL OF TRANSPORT & HEALTH 2020; 19:100931. [PMID: 32953454 PMCID: PMC7486283 DOI: 10.1016/j.jth.2020.100931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since the late 19th century, city planners have struggled to cope with new types of urban transport and mobility that threatened the existing system, or even rendered it obsolete. PURPOSE As city planners confront the range of disruptive urban mobilities currently on the horizon, this paper explores how we can draw on a vast body of evidence to anticipate and avoid unintended consequences to people's health and wellbeing. METHODS This commentary involved a rapid review of the literature on transport disruption. RESULTS We found that to avoid the unintended consequences of disruption, research, policy and practice must think beyond single issues (such as the risk of chronic disease, injury, or traffic management) and consider the broader consequences of interventions. For example, although autonomous vehicles will probably reduce road trauma, what will be the negative consequences for physical inactivity, sedentary behavior, chronic disease, land use, traffic congestion and commuting patterns? Research is needed that considers and informs how to mitigate the range of potential harms caused by disruptive mobilities. CONCLUSION In the face of new disruptive mobilities, we must: (a) draw on existing evidence to shape new regulations that address the 'who, when and where' rules of introducing new mobilities (such as electric assisted bicycles (e-bikes) and scooters (e-scooters)) of which the health repercussions can be easily anticipated; (b) monitor and evaluate the implementation of any interventions through natural experiment studies; and (c) use innovative research methods (such as agent-based simulation and health-impact-assessment modelling) to assess the likely effects of emerging disruptive mobilities (e.g., autonomous vehicles) on health and wellbeing and on the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Billie Giles-Corti
- Healthy Liveable Cities Group, Centre for Urban Research, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Belen Zapata-Diomedi
- Healthy Liveable Cities Group, Centre for Urban Research, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Afshin Jafari
- Healthy Liveable Cities Group, Centre for Urban Research, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Alan Both
- Healthy Liveable Cities Group, Centre for Urban Research, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Lucy Gunn
- Healthy Liveable Cities Group, Centre for Urban Research, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
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Lovecchio N, Giuriato M, Carnevale Pellino V, Valarani F, Codella R, Vandoni M. Italian Physical Fitness Decline: A True Fact or a Mindset? A 10-Year Observational Perspective Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E8008. [PMID: 33143298 PMCID: PMC7663718 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17218008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Evidence regarding a putative physical fitness decline remains less well documented for Italian children and adolescents. An update review of data collection articles was undertaken concerning motor performances (power, strength, speed-agility and indirect cardiorespiratory fitness) of children and adolescents worldwide and compared with 2859 11-12-year-old Italian students of both sexes, throughout a ten-year observational period. Lower limb explosive strength (standing broad jump), flexibility (sit-and-reach), endurance (Cooper) and speed (SP-30) performances of sixth grade Italian students showed nearly stable trends, with no differences during the observed decade, in both sexes. This 10-year perspective study confirmed that Italian physical fitness levels flatlined rather than actually declined. According to these study data, the decline in physical fitness of the Italian youth is ostensible and needs a further in-depth analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Lovecchio
- Laboratory of Adapted Motor Activity (LAMA), Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (V.C.P.); (M.V.)
- Department of Human and Social Science, University of Bergamo, 24100 Bergamo, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy; (F.V.); (R.C.)
| | - Matteo Giuriato
- Department of Human Science, University of Verona, 37100 Verona, Italy;
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine, and Movement Science, Università of Verona, 37100 Verona, Italy
- Department of Physical Education, Gdańsk Academy of Physical Education and Sport, 80-001 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Vittoria Carnevale Pellino
- Laboratory of Adapted Motor Activity (LAMA), Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (V.C.P.); (M.V.)
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Tor Vergata, 00100 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Valarani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy; (F.V.); (R.C.)
| | - Roberto Codella
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy; (F.V.); (R.C.)
- Department of Endocrinology, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS MultiMedica, 20138 Milano, Italy
| | - Matteo Vandoni
- Laboratory of Adapted Motor Activity (LAMA), Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (V.C.P.); (M.V.)
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Davern M, Winterton R, Brasher K, Woolcock G. How Can the Lived Environment Support Healthy Ageing? A Spatial Indicators Framework for the Assessment of Age-Friendly Communities. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17207685. [PMID: 33096773 PMCID: PMC7588877 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17207685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The Age-Friendly Cities and Communities Guide was released by the World Health Organization over a decade ago with the aim of creating environments that support healthy ageing. The comprehensive framework includes the domains of outdoor spaces and buildings, transportation, housing, social participation, respect and inclusion, civic participation and employment, communication and information, and community and health services. A major critique of the age-friendly community movement has argued for a more clearly defined scope of actions, the need to measure or quantify results and increase the connections to policy and funding levers. This paper provides a quantifiable spatial indicators framework to assess local lived environments according to each Age-Friendly Cities and Communities (AFC) domain. The selection of these AFC spatial indicators can be applied within local neighbourhoods, census tracts, suburbs, municipalities, or cities with minimal resource requirements other than applied spatial analysis, which addresses past critiques of the Age-Friendly Community movement. The framework has great potential for applications within local, national, and international policy and planning contexts in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Davern
- Healthy Liveable Cities Group, Centre for Urban Research, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- Centre for Health Equity, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
- Correspondence:
| | - Rachel Winterton
- John Richards Centre for Rural Ageing Research, La Trobe Rural Health School, La Trobe University, Bendigo, VIC 3550, Australia;
| | - Kathleen Brasher
- Age-Friendly Northeast Victoria, Central Hume Primary Care Partnership, Benalla, VIC 3672, Australia;
| | - Geoff Woolcock
- Institute for Resilient Regions, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD 4350, Australia;
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