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Distefano A, Orlando L, Partsinevelos K, Longhitano L, Emma R, Caruso M, Vicario N, Denaro S, Sun A, Giordano A, Tomasello B, Alanazi AM, Li Volti G, Amorini AM. Comparative evaluation of cigarette smoke and a heated tobacco product on microglial toxicity, oxidative stress and inflammatory response. J Transl Med 2024; 22:876. [PMID: 39350202 PMCID: PMC11440907 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05688-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2024] [Accepted: 09/17/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tobacco smoking is the leading cause of preventable death and disease worldwide, with over 8 million annual deaths attributed to cigarette smoking. This study investigates the impact of cigarette smoke and heated tobacco products (HTPs) on microglial function, focusing on toxicological profiles, inflammatory responses, and oxidative stress using ISO standard and clinically relevant conditions of exposure. METHODS We assessed cell viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, lipid peroxidation, mitochondrial function, unfolded protein response, and inflammation in human microglial cells (HMC3) exposed to cigarette smoke, HTP aerosol or nicotine. RESULTS Our findings show that cigarette smoke significantly reduces microglial viability, increases ROS formation, induces lipid peroxidation, and reduces intracellular glutathione levels. Cigarette smoke also alters the expression of genes involved in mitochondrial dynamics and biogenesis, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction. Additionally, cigarette smoke impairs the unfolded protein response, activates the NF-κB pathway, and induces a pro-inflammatory state characterized by increased TNF and IL-18 expression. Furthermore, cigarette smoke causes DNA damage and decreases the expression of the aging marker Klotho β. In contrast, HTP, exhibited a lesser degree of microglial toxicity, with reduced ROS production, lipid peroxidation, and mitochondrial dysfunction compared to conventional cigarettes. CONCLUSION These results highlight the differential toxicological profile of cigarette smoke and HTP on microglial cells, suggesting a potential harm reduction strategy for neurodegenerative disease for smokers unwilling or unable to quit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfio Distefano
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia, 97, Catania, 95123, Italy
| | - Laura Orlando
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia, 97, Catania, 95123, Italy
| | - Konstantinos Partsinevelos
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia, 97, Catania, 95123, Italy
| | - Lucia Longhitano
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia, 97, Catania, 95123, Italy
| | - Rosalia Emma
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia, 89, Catania, 95123, Italy
- Center of Excellence for the Acceleration of Harm Reduction (CoEHAR), University of Catania, Via S. Sofia, 97, Catania, 95123, Italy
| | - Massimo Caruso
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia, 97, Catania, 95123, Italy
- Center of Excellence for the Acceleration of Harm Reduction (CoEHAR), University of Catania, Via S. Sofia, 97, Catania, 95123, Italy
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA
| | - Nunzio Vicario
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia, 97, Catania, 95123, Italy
| | - Simona Denaro
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia, 97, Catania, 95123, Italy
| | - Ang Sun
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA
| | - Antonio Giordano
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA
| | - Barbara Tomasello
- Department of Drug and Health Science, Section of Biochemistry, University of Catania, Catania, 95125, Italy
| | - Amer M Alanazi
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Giovanni Li Volti
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia, 97, Catania, 95123, Italy.
- Center of Excellence for the Acceleration of Harm Reduction (CoEHAR), University of Catania, Via S. Sofia, 97, Catania, 95123, Italy.
| | - Angela Maria Amorini
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia, 97, Catania, 95123, Italy
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2
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Farrell LA, O’Rourke MB, Padula MP, Souza-Fonseca-Guimaraes F, Caramori G, Wark PAB, Dharmage SC, Hansbro PM. The Current Molecular and Cellular Landscape of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): A Review of Therapies and Efforts towards Personalized Treatment. Proteomes 2024; 12:23. [PMID: 39189263 PMCID: PMC11348234 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes12030023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 08/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) ranks as the third leading cause of global illness and mortality. It is commonly triggered by exposure to respiratory irritants like cigarette smoke or biofuel pollutants. This multifaceted condition manifests through an array of symptoms and lung irregularities, characterized by chronic inflammation and reduced lung function. Present therapies primarily rely on maintenance medications to alleviate symptoms, but fall short in impeding disease advancement. COPD's diverse nature, influenced by various phenotypes, complicates diagnosis, necessitating precise molecular characterization. Omics-driven methodologies, including biomarker identification and therapeutic target exploration, offer a promising avenue for addressing COPD's complexity. This analysis underscores the critical necessity of improving molecular profiling to deepen our comprehension of COPD and identify potential therapeutic targets. Moreover, it advocates for tailoring treatment strategies to individual phenotypes. Through comprehensive exploration-based molecular characterization and the adoption of personalized methodologies, innovative treatments may emerge that are capable of altering the trajectory of COPD, instilling optimism for efficacious disease-modifying interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke A. Farrell
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Centre for Inflammation, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia;
| | - Matthew B. O’Rourke
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Centre for Inflammation, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia;
| | - Matthew P. Padula
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia;
| | | | - Gaetano Caramori
- Pulmonology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy;
| | - Peter A. B. Wark
- School of Translational Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia;
| | - Shymali C. Dharmage
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia;
| | - Phillip M. Hansbro
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Centre for Inflammation, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia;
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Sun R, Pan X, Ward E, Intrevado R, Morozan A, Lauzon AM, Martin JG. Serum Response Factor Expression in Excess Permits a Dual Contractile-Proliferative Phenotype of Airway Smooth Muscle. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2024; 71:182-194. [PMID: 38775474 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2024-0081oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The transcription factors (TFs) MyoCD (myocardin) and Elk-1 (ETS Like-1 protein) competitively bind to SRF (serum response factor) and control myogenic- and mitogenic-related gene expression in smooth muscle, respectively. Their functions are therefore mutually inhibitory, which results in a contractile-versus-proliferative phenotype dichotomy. Airway smooth muscle cell (ASMC) phenotype alterations occur in various inflammatory airway diseases, promoting pathological remodeling and contributing to airflow obstruction. We characterized MyoCD and Elk-1 interactions and their roles in phenotype determination in human ASMCs. MyoCD overexpression in ASMCs increased smooth muscle gene expression, force generation, and partially restored the loss of smooth muscle protein associated with prolonged culturing while inhibiting Elk-1 transcriptional activities and proliferation induced by EGF (epidermal growth factor). However, MyoCD overexpression failed to suppress these responses induced by FBS, as FBS also upregulated SRF expression to a degree that allowed unopposed function of both TFs. Inhibition of the RhoA pathway reversed said SRF changes, allowing inhibition of Elk-1 by MyoCD overexpression and suppressing FBS-mediated contractile protein gene upregulation. Our study confirmed that MyoCD in increased abundance can competitively inhibit Elk-1 function. However, SRF upregulation permits a dual contractile-proliferative ASMC phenotype that is anticipated to exacerbate pathological alterations, whereas therapies targeting SRF may inhibit pathological ASMC proliferation and contractile protein gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Sun
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, The Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Xingning Pan
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, The Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Erin Ward
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, The Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Rafael Intrevado
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, The Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Arina Morozan
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, The Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Anne-Marie Lauzon
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, The Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - James G Martin
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, The Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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4
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Lyu Y, Feng W, Song J, Wang C, Fu Y, Zhao B, Meng Y. Zedoarondiol inhibits human bronchial smooth muscle cell proliferation through the CAV-1/PDGF signalling pathway. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13145. [PMID: 38849430 PMCID: PMC11161633 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63970-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Airway remodelling in lung diseases can be treated by inhibiting excessive smooth muscle cell proliferation. Zedoarondiol (Zed) is a natural compound isolated from the Chinese herb Curcuma longa. The caveolin-1 (CAV-1) is widely expressed in lung cells and plays a key role in platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) signalling and cell proliferation. This study aims to investigate the effect of Zed on human bronchial smooth muscle cell (HBSMC) proliferation and explore its potential molecular mechanisms. We assessed the effect of Zed on the proliferation of PDGF-stimulated HBSMCs and performed proteomic analysis to identify potential molecular targets and pathways. CAV1 siRNA was used to validate our findings in vitro. In PDGF-stimulated HBSMCs, Zed significantly inhibited excessive proliferation of HBSMCs. Proteomic analysis of zedoarondiol-treated HBSMCs revealed significant enrichment of differentially expressed proteins in cell proliferation-related pathways and biological processes. Zed inhibition of HBSMC proliferation was associated with upregulation of CAV1, regulation of the CAV-1/PDGF pathway and inhibition of MAPK and PI3K/AKT signalling pathway activation. Treatment of HBSMCs with CAV1 siRNA partly reversed the inhibitory effect of Zed on HBSMC proliferation. Thus, this study reveals that zedoarondiol potently inhibits HBSMC proliferation by upregulating CAV-1 expression, highlighting its potential value in airway remodelling and related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinglan Lyu
- College of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Wandi Feng
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Jingze Song
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Chunguo Wang
- Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 11 North 3Rd Ring Eastern Road, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yu Fu
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Baosheng Zhao
- Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 11 North 3Rd Ring Eastern Road, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yanyan Meng
- Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 11 North 3Rd Ring Eastern Road, Beijing, 100029, China.
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5
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Vaes RDW, van Bijnen AA, Damink SWMO, Rensen SS. Pancreatic Tumor Organoid-Derived Factors from Cachectic Patients Disrupt Contractile Smooth Muscle Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:542. [PMID: 38339292 PMCID: PMC10854749 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16030542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Patients with pancreatic cancer often suffer from cachexia and experience gastrointestinal symptoms that may be related to intestinal smooth muscle cell (SMC) dysfunction. We hypothesized that pancreatic tumor organoids from cachectic patients release factors that perturb the SMC's contractile characteristics. Human visceral SMCs were exposed to conditioned medium (CM) from the pancreatic tumor organoid cultures of cachectic (n = 2) and non-cachectic (n = 2) patients. Contractile proteins and markers of inflammation, muscle atrophy, and proliferation were evaluated by qPCR and Western blot. SMC proliferation and migration were monitored by live cell imaging. The Ki-67-positive cell fraction was determined in the intestinal smooth musculature of pancreatic cancer patients. CM from the pancreatic tumor organoids of cachectic patients did not affect IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1, or Atrogin-1 expression. However, CM reduced the α-SMA, γ-SMA, and SM22-α levels, which was accompanied by a reduced SMC doubling time and increased expression of S100A4, a Ca2+-binding protein associated with the synthetic SMC phenotype. In line with this, Ki-67-positive nuclei were increased in the intestinal smooth musculature of patients with a low versus high L3-SMI. In conclusion, patient-derived pancreatic tumor organoids release factors that compromise the contractile SMC phenotype and increase SMC proliferation. This may contribute to the frequently observed gastrointestinal motility problems in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rianne D. W. Vaes
- Department of Surgery, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Annemarie A. van Bijnen
- Department of Surgery, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Steven W. M. Olde Damink
- Department of Surgery, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Sander S. Rensen
- Department of Surgery, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Abohalaka R. Bronchial epithelial and airway smooth muscle cell interactions in health and disease. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19976. [PMID: 37809717 PMCID: PMC10559680 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic pulmonary diseases such as asthma, COPD, and Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis are significant causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Currently, there is no radical treatment for many chronic pulmonary diseases, and the treatment options focus on relieving the symptoms and improving lung function. Therefore, efficient therapeutic agents are highly needed. Bronchial epithelial cells and airway smooth muscle cells and their crosstalk play a significant role in the pathogenesis of these diseases. Thus, targeting the interactions of these two cell types could open the door to a new generation of effective therapeutic options. However, the studies on how these two cell types interact and how their crosstalk adds up to respiratory diseases are not well established. With the rise of modern research tools and technology, such as lab-on-a-chip, organoids, co-culture techniques, and advanced immunofluorescence imaging, a substantial degree of evidence about these cell interactions emerged. Hence, this contribution aims to summarize the growing evidence of bronchial epithelial cells and airway smooth muscle cells crosstalk under normal and pathophysiological conditions. The review first discusses the impact of airway smooth muscle cells on the epithelium in inflammatory settings. Later, it examines the role of airway smooth muscle cells in the early development of bronchial epithelial cells and their recovery after injury. Then, it deliberates the effects of both healthy and stressed epithelial cells on airway smooth muscle cells, taking into account three themes; contraction, migration, and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reshed Abohalaka
- Krefting Research Centre, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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7
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Wan X, Chen L, Zhu Z, Luo P, Hang D, Su J, Tao R, Zhou J, Fan X. Association of Serum Calcium with the Risk of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Prospective Study from UK Biobank. Nutrients 2023; 15:3439. [PMID: 37571375 PMCID: PMC10421293 DOI: 10.3390/nu15153439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although intracellular calcium had been demonstrated to involve in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), the association between serum calcium and COPD risk remains unclear. METHODS We included 386,844 participants with serum calcium measurements and without airway obstruction at the baseline from UK Biobank. The restricted cubic splines were used to assess the dose-response relationship. Multivariable cox regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the associations of albumin-corrected calcium concentrations with the risk of COPD incidence and mortality. RESULTS During a median of 12.3 years of follow-up, 10,582 incident COPD cases were documented. A linear positive association was observed between serum calcium concentrations and the risk of COPD incidence. Compared to participants with normal serum calcium (2.19-2.56 mmol/L), a 14% higher risk of COPD was observed in hypercalcemic participants (≥2.56 mmol/L, HR = 1.14; 95% CI: 1.02-1.27). No significant effect modifications were observed in stratified variables. In survival analysis, 215 COPD-specific deaths were documented after a median survival time of 3.8 years. Compared to participants with normal serum calcium, hypercalcemic participants had a 109% (HR = 2.09, 95% CI: 1.15-3.81) increased risk for COPD-specific mortality. CONCLUSION Our study indicated that hypercalcemia was associated with an elevated risk of COPD incidence and mortality in the European population, and suggested that serum calcium may have a potential impact on the progression of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinglin Wan
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; (X.W.); (D.H.); (R.T.)
| | - Lulu Chen
- Department of Non-Communicable Chronic Disease Control, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing 210009, China; (L.C.); (Z.Z.); (P.L.); (J.S.)
| | - Zheng Zhu
- Department of Non-Communicable Chronic Disease Control, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing 210009, China; (L.C.); (Z.Z.); (P.L.); (J.S.)
| | - Pengfei Luo
- Department of Non-Communicable Chronic Disease Control, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing 210009, China; (L.C.); (Z.Z.); (P.L.); (J.S.)
| | - Dong Hang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; (X.W.); (D.H.); (R.T.)
| | - Jian Su
- Department of Non-Communicable Chronic Disease Control, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing 210009, China; (L.C.); (Z.Z.); (P.L.); (J.S.)
| | - Ran Tao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; (X.W.); (D.H.); (R.T.)
- Department of Non-Communicable Chronic Disease Control, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing 210009, China; (L.C.); (Z.Z.); (P.L.); (J.S.)
| | - Jinyi Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; (X.W.); (D.H.); (R.T.)
- Department of Non-Communicable Chronic Disease Control, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing 210009, China; (L.C.); (Z.Z.); (P.L.); (J.S.)
| | - Xikang Fan
- Department of Non-Communicable Chronic Disease Control, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing 210009, China; (L.C.); (Z.Z.); (P.L.); (J.S.)
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Airway Smooth Muscle Regulated by Oxidative Stress in COPD. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12010142. [PMID: 36671004 PMCID: PMC9854973 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Since COPD is a heterogeneous disease, a specific anti-inflammatory therapy for this disease has not been established yet. Oxidative stress is recognized as a major predisposing factor to COPD related inflammatory responses, resulting in pathological features of small airway fibrosis and emphysema. However, little is known about effects of oxidative stress on airway smooth muscle. Cigarette smoke increases intracellular Ca2+ concentration and enhances response to muscarinic agonists in human airway smooth muscle. Cigarette smoke also enhances proliferation of these cells with altered mitochondrial protein. Hydrogen peroxide and 8-isoprostans are increased in the exhaled breath condensate in COPD. These endogenous oxidants cause contraction of tracheal smooth muscle with Ca2+ dynamics through Ca2+ channels and with Ca2+ sensitization through Rho-kinase. TNF-α and growth factors potentiate proliferation of these cells by synthesis of ROS. Oxidative stress can alter the function of airway smooth muscle through Ca2+ signaling. These phenotype changes are associated with manifestations (dyspnea, wheezing) and pathophysiology (airflow limitation, airway remodeling, airway hyperresponsiveness). Therefore, airway smooth muscle is a therapeutic target against COPD; oxidative stress should be included in treatable traits for COPD to advance precision medicine. Research into Ca2+ signaling related to ROS may contribute to the development of a novel agent for COPD.
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Wu F, Li X, Looso M, Liu H, Ding D, Günther S, Kuenne C, Liu S, Weissmann N, Boettger T, Atzberger A, Kolahian S, Renz H, Offermanns S, Gärtner U, Potente M, Zhou Y, Yuan X, Braun T. Spurious transcription causing innate immune responses is prevented by 5-hydroxymethylcytosine. Nat Genet 2023; 55:100-111. [PMID: 36539616 PMCID: PMC9839451 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-022-01252-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Generation of functional transcripts requires transcriptional initiation at regular start sites, avoiding production of aberrant and potentially hazardous aberrant RNAs. The mechanisms maintaining transcriptional fidelity and the impact of spurious transcripts on cellular physiology and organ function have not been fully elucidated. Here we show that TET3, which successively oxidizes 5-methylcytosine to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) and other derivatives, prevents aberrant intragenic entry of RNA polymerase II pSer5 into highly expressed genes of airway smooth muscle cells, assuring faithful transcriptional initiation at canonical start sites. Loss of TET3-dependent 5hmC production in SMCs results in accumulation of spurious transcripts, which stimulate the endosomal nucleic-acid-sensing TLR7/8 signaling pathway, thereby provoking massive inflammation and airway remodeling resembling human bronchial asthma. Furthermore, we found that 5hmC levels are substantially lower in human asthma airways compared with control samples. Suppression of spurious transcription might be important to prevent chronic inflammation in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Wu
- grid.418032.c0000 0004 0491 220XDepartment of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Xiang Li
- grid.418032.c0000 0004 0491 220XDepartment of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Mario Looso
- grid.418032.c0000 0004 0491 220XDepartment of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Hang Liu
- grid.418032.c0000 0004 0491 220XDepartment of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Dong Ding
- grid.418032.c0000 0004 0491 220XDepartment of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Stefan Günther
- grid.418032.c0000 0004 0491 220XDepartment of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Carsten Kuenne
- grid.418032.c0000 0004 0491 220XDepartment of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Shuya Liu
- grid.418032.c0000 0004 0491 220XDepartment of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany ,grid.13648.380000 0001 2180 3484Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Norbert Weissmann
- grid.440517.3Cardiopulmonary Institute (CPI), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Giessen, Germany ,grid.8664.c0000 0001 2165 8627Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Thomas Boettger
- grid.418032.c0000 0004 0491 220XDepartment of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Ann Atzberger
- grid.418032.c0000 0004 0491 220XDepartment of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Saeed Kolahian
- grid.10253.350000 0004 1936 9756Philipps University of Marburg - Medical Faculty, Center for Tumor- and Immunobiology (ZTI), Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Molecular Diagnostics, Marburg, Germany
| | - Harald Renz
- grid.10253.350000 0004 1936 9756Philipps University of Marburg - Medical Faculty, Center for Tumor- and Immunobiology (ZTI), Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Molecular Diagnostics, Marburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Offermanns
- grid.418032.c0000 0004 0491 220XDepartment of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Ulrich Gärtner
- Institute for Anatomy und Cell Biology, Giessen, Germany
| | - Michael Potente
- grid.418032.c0000 0004 0491 220XAngiogenesis and Metabolism Laboratory, Max-Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Yonggang Zhou
- grid.418032.c0000 0004 0491 220XDepartment of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Xuejun Yuan
- Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany.
| | - Thomas Braun
- Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany. .,Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany.
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10
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Fang L, Wang X, Zhang M, Khan P, Tamm M, Roth M. MicroRNA-101-3p Suppresses mTOR and Causes Mitochondrial Fragmentation and Cell Degeneration in COPD. Can Respir J 2022; 2022:5933324. [PMID: 36518817 PMCID: PMC9744603 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5933324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cigarette smoke is assumed to cause the loss of airway wall structure in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) by reducing airway smooth muscle cell (ASMC) function. It also modifies mTOR activity, microRNA (miR)-101-3p expression, and mitochondria function. Here, the link between miR-101-3p and mTOR-regulated mitochondria integrity and ASMC deterioration was assessed. METHODS Disease-specific miR-101-3p expression was determined by RT-PCR in primary ASMC (non-COPD smokers: n = 6; COPD: n = 8; healthy: n = 6). The regulatory effect of miR-101-3p modification on mTOR expression, mitochondrial fragmentation, and remodeling properties (α-SMA, fibronectin, MTCO2, and p70S6 kinase) was assessed in ASMC (healthy nonsmokers: n = 3; COPD: n = 3) by Western blotting and immunofluorescence microscopy. MiR-101-3p was modified by specific mimics or inhibitors, in ASMC stimulated with TNF-α (10 ng/ml) or cigarette smoke extract (CSE). RESULTS MiR-101-3p expression was significantly higher in ASMC of COPD patients, compared to ASMC of healthy or active smokers. MiR-101-3p expression was increased by TNF-α or CSE. TNF-α or miR-101-3p deteriorated ASMC and mitochondria, while decreasing mTOR signaling, α-SMA, fibronectin, and MTCO2. MiR-101-3p inhibition reduced ASMC deterioration and mitochondrial fragmentation. CONCLUSION Constitutive high miR-101-3p expression characterizes COPD-ASMC, causing increased mitochondrial fragmentation and ASMC deterioration. Thus, reactivation mTOR or blocking miR-101-3p presents a potential new strategy for COPD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Fang
- Departments of Biomedicine & Internal Medicine, University and University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Xinggang Wang
- Departments of Biomedicine & Internal Medicine, University and University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Reproductive Medicine Centre, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Departments of Biomedicine & Internal Medicine, University and University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Petra Khan
- Departments of Biomedicine & Internal Medicine, University and University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael Tamm
- Departments of Biomedicine & Internal Medicine, University and University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael Roth
- Departments of Biomedicine & Internal Medicine, University and University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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11
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Fu X, Hong W, Li S, Chen Z, Zhou W, Dai J, Deng X, Zhou H, Li B, Ran P. Wood smoke particulate matter (WSPM2.5) induces pyroptosis through both Caspase-1/IL-1β/IL-18 and ATP/P2Y-dependent mechanisms in human bronchial epithelial cells. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 307:135726. [PMID: 35850226 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Emerging evidences have linked the air pollution particulate matters, especially the fine particulate matter PM2.5, to the disease development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Our previous studies reported that biofuel PM2.5 can induce devastated damage of human bronchial epithelial cells, this study aims to further investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms how biofuel PM2.5 induces bronchial epithelial cell death and dysfunction. In this study, biofuel PM2.5 extracted from wood smoke (WSPM2.5) was used according to our previous publication. A 16-HBE cell line was used as the cell model. Results showed that: Firstly, WSPM2.5 induced significant pyroptosis in 16-HBE cells, reflected by the typical changes including elevated release of lactate dehydrogenase release (LDH) and activated activity and expression of Caspase-1/IL-1β/IL-18 signaling pathway. Then, specific inhibitors for both Caspases (Z-VAD-FMK) and Caspase-1 (VX-765), as well as specific siRNA knockdown of IL-1β all effectively attenuated the WSPM2.5-induced upregulation of downstream inflammatory cytokines and chemokines (IL-6, IL-8, CXCL-1, CXCL-2, etc), respectively. Notably, WSPM2.5 caused a novel increase of intracellular-to-extracellular ATP secretion, which could also contribute to the WSPM2.5-induced pyroptosis and inflammation by activating the Caspase-1/IL-1β/IL-18 signaling pathway through possible autocrine and/or paracrine mechanisms. Antagonism of ATP (Apyrase) or specific siRNA knockdown against ATP receptors (P2Y2 and P2Y7) both significantly inhibited the WSPM2.5-induced pyroptosis and inflammation. These results add up to the current knowledge and bring up novel insights that WSPM2.5 could induce significant pyroptosis and inflammation of human bronchial epithelial cells, through both a classic NLRP3/Caspase-1/IL-1β-dependent and a novel ATP/P2Y-dependent mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuyi Li
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiangbin Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhi Chen
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenqu Zhou
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianwei Dai
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoliang Deng
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongbin Zhou
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Bing Li
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Pixin Ran
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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12
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Ambhore NS, Kumar A, Sathish V. Molecular determinants of airway smooth muscle cells in health and disease. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2022; 10:1084. [PMID: 36388811 PMCID: PMC9652533 DOI: 10.21037/atm-22-4478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ashish Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Professions, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
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13
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Saunders RM, Biddle M, Amrani Y, Brightling CE. Stressed out - The role of oxidative stress in airway smooth muscle dysfunction in asthma and COPD. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 185:97-119. [PMID: 35472411 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The airway smooth muscle (ASM) surrounding the airways is dysfunctional in both asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), exhibiting; increased contraction, increased mass, increased inflammatory mediator release and decreased corticosteroid responsiveness. Due to this dysfunction, ASM is a key contributor to symptoms in patients that remain symptomatic despite optimal provision of currently available treatments. There is a significant body of research investigating the effects of oxidative stress/ROS on ASM behaviour, falling into the following categories; cigarette smoke and associated compounds, air pollutants, aero-allergens, asthma and COPD relevant mediators, and the anti-oxidant Nrf2/HO-1 signalling pathway. However, despite a number of recent reviews addressing the role of oxidative stress/ROS in asthma and COPD, the potential contribution of oxidative stress/ROS-related ASM dysfunction to asthma and COPD pathophysiology has not been comprehensively reviewed. We provide a thorough review of studies that have used primary airway, bronchial or tracheal smooth muscle cells to investigate the role of oxidative stress/ROS in ASM dysfunction and consider how they could contribute to the pathophysiology of asthma and COPD. We summarise the current state of play with regards to clinical trials/development of agents targeting oxidative stress and associated limitations, and the adverse effects of oxidative stress on the efficacy of current therapies, with reference to ASM related studies where appropriate. We also identify limitations in the current knowledge of the role of oxidative stress/ROS in ASM dysfunction and identify areas for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth M Saunders
- The Institute for Lung Health, NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.
| | - Michael Biddle
- The Institute for Lung Health, NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Yassine Amrani
- The Institute for Lung Health, NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Christopher E Brightling
- The Institute for Lung Health, NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
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14
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Bai Y, Guedes AGP, Krishnan R, Ai X. CD38 plays an age-related role in cholinergic deregulation of airway smooth muscle contractility. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2022; 149:1643-1654.e8. [PMID: 34800431 PMCID: PMC9081122 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2021.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergen-induced airway hyperresponsiveness in neonatal mice, but not adult mice, is caused by elevated innervation and consequent cholinergic hyperstimulation of airway smooth muscle (ASM). Whether this inflammation-independent mechanism contributes to ASM hypercontraction in childhood asthma warrants investigation. OBJECTIVE We aimed to establish the functional connection between cholinergic stimulation and ASM contractility in different human age groups. METHODS First, we used a neonatal mouse model of asthma to identify age-related mediators of cholinergic deregulation of ASM contractility. Next, we conducted validation and mechanistic studies in primary human ASM cells and precision-cut lung slices from young (<5 years old) and adult (>20 years old) donor lungs. Finally, we evaluated the therapeutic potential of the identified cholinergic signaling mediators using culture models of human ASM hypercontraction. RESULTS ASM hypercontraction due to cholinergic deregulation in early postnatal life requires CD38. Mechanistically, cholinergic signaling activates the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B pathway in immature ASM cells to upregulate CD38 levels, thereby augmenting the Ca2+ response to contractile agonists. Strikingly, this early-life, CD38-mediated ASM hypercontraction is not alleviated by the β-agonist formoterol. CONCLUSIONS The acetylcholine-phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B-CD38 axis is a critical mechanism of airway hyperresponsiveness in early postnatal life. Targeting this axis may provide a tailored treatment for children at high risk for allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Bai
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology and Newborn Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass.
| | - Alonso G P Guedes
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minn
| | - Ramaswamy Krishnan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Center for Vascular Biology Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Mass
| | - Xingbin Ai
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology and Newborn Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass.
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15
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Truong L, Zheng YM, Wang YX. The Potential Important Role of Mitochondrial Rieske Iron–Sulfur Protein as a Novel Therapeutic Target for Pulmonary Hypertension in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10050957. [PMID: 35625694 PMCID: PMC9138741 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10050957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the third leading cause of death worldwide, which is often due to pulmonary hypertension (PH). The underlying molecular mechanisms are poorly understood, and current medications are neither specific nor always effective. In this review, we highlight the recent findings on the roles of altered mitochondrial bioenergetics in PH in COPD. We also discuss the central role of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation mediated by Rieske iron–sulfur protein (RISP) and review the contributions of RISP-dependent DNA damage and NF-κB-associated inflammatory signaling. Finally, the potential importance of mitochondrial RISP and its associated molecules as novel therapeutic targets for PH in COPD are meticulously discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yong-Xiao Wang
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(518)-262-9506; Fax: +1-(518)-262-8101
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16
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Chen R, Michaeloudes C, Liang Y, Bhavsar PK, Chung KF, Ip MSM, Mak JCW. ORMDL3 regulates cigarette smoke-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress in airway smooth muscle cells. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2022; 149:1445-1457.e5. [PMID: 34624393 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2021.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Orosomucoid 1-like protein 3 (ORMDL3), a transmembrane protein localized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), has been genetically associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), in addition to childhood-onset asthma. However, the functional role of ORMDL3 in the pathogenesis of COPD is still unknown. OBJECTIVE Because cigarette smoke is the major risk factor for COPD, we aimed to investigate the role of ORMDL3 in cigarette smoke-induced human airway smooth muscle cell (HASMC) injury. METHODS The mRNA and protein expression of ORMDL3 was examined in HASMCs from nonsmokers and smokers without or with COPD. Knockdown of ORMDL3 in primary healthy HASMCs was performed using small interfering RNA before exposure to cigarette smoke medium (CSM) for 24 hours. Inflammatory, proliferative/apoptotic, ER stress, and mitochondrial markers were evaluated. RESULTS Elevation of ORMDL3 mRNA and protein expression was observed in HASMCs of smokers without or with COPD. CSM caused significant upregulation of ORMDL3 expression in healthy nonsmokers. ORMDL3 knockdown regulated CSM-induced inflammation, cell proliferation, and apoptosis. Silencing ORMDL3 led to reduction of CSM-induced ER stress via inhibition of unfolded protein response pathways such as activating transcription factor 6 and protein kinase RNA-like ER kinase. ORMDL3 was also involved in CSM-induced mitochondrial dysfunction via the mitochondrial fission process. CONCLUSIONS We report the induction of ORMDL3 in HASMCs after cigarette smoke exposure. ORMDL3 may mediate cigarette smoke-induced activation of unfolded protein response pathways during airway smooth muscle cell injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Chen
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Charalambos Michaeloudes
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Respiratory Medicine, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital Respiratory Division, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yingmin Liang
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Respiratory Medicine, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital Respiratory Division, Shenzhen, China
| | - Pankaj K Bhavsar
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Respiratory Medicine, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital Respiratory Division, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kian Fan Chung
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Respiratory Medicine, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital Respiratory Division, Shenzhen, China
| | - Mary S M Ip
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Respiratory Medicine, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital Respiratory Division, Shenzhen, China
| | - Judith C W Mak
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Respiratory Medicine, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital Respiratory Division, Shenzhen, China; Department of Pharmacology & Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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17
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Xiao B, Huang H, Li L, Hou L, Yao D, Mo B. Trehalose inhibits proliferation while activates apoptosis and autophagy in rat airway smooth muscle cells. Acta Histochem 2021; 123:151810. [PMID: 34749031 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2021.151810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Trehalose is a disaccharide with multiple important biological activities. In many cell types, Trehalose regulates the physiological behaviors of proliferation, apoptosis and autophagy. But the effects of trehalose on ASMCs have never been reported. Here, we showed that trehalose activated autophagy of ASMCs at low dose, inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis of ASMCs at high dose. Further study, we found the cell cycle was arrested in S and G2\M phases, the expression of CyclinA1 and CyclinB1 decreased. Then, we investigated the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax was drastically reduced. Next, we detected an important transcription factor TFEB, which is closely related to autophagy. We found TFEB was highly activated with trehalose treatment. And many downstream autophagy-related genes of TFEB were also up-regulated. In summary, trehalose plays an important role on the regulation of proliferation, apoptosis and autophagy of ASMCs.
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18
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Hollenhorst MI, Krasteva-Christ G. Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors in the Respiratory Tract. Molecules 2021; 26:6097. [PMID: 34684676 PMCID: PMC8539672 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26206097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) are widely distributed in neuronal and non-neuronal tissues, where they play diverse physiological roles. In this review, we highlight the recent findings regarding the role of nAChR in the respiratory tract with a special focus on the involvement of nAChR in the regulation of multiple processes in health and disease. We discuss the role of nAChR in mucociliary clearance, inflammation, and infection and in airway diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and cancer. The subtype diversity of nAChR enables differential regulation, making them a suitable pharmaceutical target in many diseases. The stimulation of the α3β4 nAChR could be beneficial in diseases accompanied by impaired mucociliary clearance, and the anti-inflammatory effect due to an α7 nAChR stimulation could alleviate symptoms in diseases with chronic inflammation such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma, while the inhibition of the α5 nAChR could potentially be applied in non-small cell lung cancer treatment. However, while clinical studies targeting nAChR in the airways are still lacking, we suggest that more detailed research into this topic and possible pharmaceutical applications could represent a valuable tool to alleviate the symptoms of diverse airway diseases.
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19
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Valdebenito S, Bessis S, Annane D, Lorin de la Grandmaison G, Cramer–Bordé E, Prideaux B, Eugenin EA, Bomsel M. COVID-19 Lung Pathogenesis in SARS-CoV-2 Autopsy Cases. Front Immunol 2021; 12:735922. [PMID: 34671353 PMCID: PMC8521087 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.735922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a major public health issue. COVID-19 is considered an airway/multi-systemic disease, and demise has been associated with an uncontrolled immune response and a cytokine storm in response to the virus. However, the lung pathology, immune response, and tissue damage associated with COVID-19 demise are poorly described and understood due to safety concerns. Using post-mortem lung tissues from uninfected and COVID-19 deadly cases as well as an unbiased combined analysis of histology, multi-viral and host markers staining, correlative microscopy, confocal, and image analysis, we identified three distinct phenotypes of COVID-19-induced lung damage. First, a COVID-19-induced hemorrhage characterized by minimal immune infiltration and large thrombus; Second, a COVID-19-induced immune infiltration with excessive immune cell infiltration but no hemorrhagic events. The third phenotype correspond to the combination of the two previous ones. We observed the loss of alveolar wall integrity, detachment of lung tissue pieces, fibroblast proliferation, and extensive fibrosis in all three phenotypes. Although lung tissues studied were from lethal COVID-19, a strong immune response was observed in all cases analyzed with significant B cell and poor T cell infiltrations, suggesting an exhausted or compromised immune cellular response in these patients. Overall, our data show that SARS-CoV-2-induced lung damage is highly heterogeneous. These individual differences need to be considered to understand the acute and long-term COVID-19 consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvana Valdebenito
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Simon Bessis
- Service des Maladies Infectieuses, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Raymond Poincaré, AP-HP, Garches, France
| | - Djillali Annane
- Intensive Care Unit, Raymond Poincaré Hospital (AP-HP), Paris, France
- Simone Veil School of Medicine, Université of Versailles, Versailles, France
- University Paris Saclay, Garches, France
| | - Geoffroy Lorin de la Grandmaison
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Pathology, Versailles Saint-Quentin Université, AP-HP, Raymond Poincaré Hospital, Garches, France
| | | | - Brendan Prideaux
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Eliseo A. Eugenin
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Morgane Bomsel
- Laboratory of Mucosal Entry of HIV-1 and Mucosal Immunity, Department of Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, Institute Cochin, CNRS UMR 8104, INSERM U1016, University of Paris, Paris, France
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20
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Plesa M, Gaudet M, Mogas A, Jalaleddine N, Halayko A, Al Heialy S, Hamid Q. Vitamin D3 Attenuates Viral-Induced Inflammation and Fibrotic Responses in Bronchial Smooth Muscle Cells. Front Immunol 2021; 12:715848. [PMID: 34512638 PMCID: PMC8427752 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.715848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) activation by viral infections plays a key role in promoting inflammatory immune responses that contribute to pulmonary fibrosis in chronic inflammatory respiratory diseases. Vitamin D3 has been shown to be beneficial to patients with asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) through its anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic properties. Smooth muscle cells are one of the major contributors to airway remodeling in asthma and COPD. We therefore aimed to investigate the effect of vitamin D3 treatment on viral-induced TLR3 responses in Bronchial Smooth Muscle Cells (BSMCs) as a mechanism contributing to pulmonary fibrosis in asthma and COPD. Primary BSMCs from patients with asthma (n=4), COPD (n=4), and healthy control subjects (n=6) were treated with polyinosinic: polycytidylic acid (polyI:C), TLR3 agonist in the presence or absence of vitamin D3 (1,25D3). Here we report the mRNA expression and protein levels of pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic markers (IL-6, IFN-β1, CCL2/MCP-1, fibronectin 1 and type I collagen) among BSMCs groups: asthma, COPD, and healthy controls. We show that at the baseline, prior to polyI:C stimulation, asthma and COPD BSMCs presented increased pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic state compared to healthy control subjects, as measured by quantitative PCR and immunoassays (ELISA/Flow Cytometry. Ligation of TLR3 by polyI:C in BSMCs was associated with increased TLR3 mRNA expression, and 1,25D3 treatment significantly reduced its expression. In addition, 1,25D3 decreased the expression of IL-6, IFN-β1, CCL2, FN1 and COL1A1 induced by polyI:C in BSMCs. The regulatory effect of 1,25D3 treatment on polyI:C-stimulated BSMCs was further confirmed at protein levels. Our findings suggest that vitamin D3 attenuates TLR3 agonist-induced inflammatory and fibrotic responses in BSMCs and support the clinical relevance of vitamin D3 supplementation in patients with viral infections having chronic respiratory diseases, such as asthma and COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Plesa
- Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases, Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Mellissa Gaudet
- Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases, Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Andrea Mogas
- Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases, Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Nour Jalaleddine
- Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Andrew Halayko
- Departments of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Saba Al Heialy
- Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases, Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Qutayba Hamid
- Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases, Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.,College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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21
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Triki L, Ben Saad H. The impacts of parity on spirometric parameters: a systematic review. Expert Rev Respir Med 2021; 15:1169-1185. [PMID: 34033730 DOI: 10.1080/17476348.2021.1935246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: The relationship between parity and health outcomes has been debated in the scientific literature in terms of 'selection-pressure'. However, no previous review has raised the impacts of parity on spirometric parameters. This Systematic Review aimed to review the impacts of parity on spirometric parameters.Areas covered: PubMed and Scopus were searched on October 1st, 2020, using the combination of the following two medical subject headings: 'Parity' and 'Respiratory Function Tests'. Only original articles published in English/French were retained. Ten studies investigated the impacts of parity on spirometric parameters: six included healthy females, three involved unhealthy females [chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, defect in protease inhibitor, and some other conditions] and one included a mixed population of healthy/unhealthy females. The studies reported conflicting results: no impact, positive impact (multiparity is associated with larger forced-expiratory-volume in one second, forced- and slow- vital-capacity, and inspiratory-capacity), or negative impact (multiparous females has lower bronchial flows, higher static volumes, an accelerated lung-aging, a tendency to an obstructive-ventilatory-defect and/or to lung-hyperinflation, and increased protease inhibitor levels).Expert opinion: The ten studies presented some limitations that made data interpretation relatively difficult. Future research to identify the 'real' impact of parity on spirometric parameters are therefore encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Triki
- Department of Physiology and Functional Exploration, Habib BOURGUIBA Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Helmi Ben Saad
- Department of Physiology and Functional Exploration, Farhat HACHED University Hospital of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia.,Heart Failure Research Laboratory (LR12SP09), Farhat HACHED Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia.,Faculté De Médecine De Sousse, Laboratoire De Physiologie, Université De Sousse. Sousse, Tunisie
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22
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Sagar S, Kapoor H, Chaudhary N, Roy SS. Cellular and mitochondrial calcium communication in obstructive lung disorders. Mitochondrion 2021; 58:184-199. [PMID: 33766748 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2021.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) signalling is well known to dictate cellular functioning and fate. In recent years, the accumulation of Ca2+ in the mitochondria has emerged as an important factor in Chronic Respiratory Diseases (CRD) such as Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Various reports underline an aberrant increase in the intracellular Ca2+, leading to mitochondrial ROS generation, and further activation of the apoptotic pathway in these diseases. Mitochondria contribute to Ca2+ buffering which in turn regulates mitochondrial metabolism and ATP production. Disruption of this Ca2+ balance leads to impaired cellular processes like apoptosis or necrosis and thus contributes to the pathophysiology of airway diseases. This review highlights the key role of cytoplasmic and mitochondrial Ca2+ signalling in regulating CRD, such as asthma and COPD. A better understanding of the dysregulation of mitochondrial Ca2+ homeostasis in these diseases could provide cues for the development of advanced therapeutic interventions in these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shakti Sagar
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Himanshi Kapoor
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India
| | - Nisha Chaudhary
- Multidisciplinary Center for Advanced Research and Studies, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Soumya Sinha Roy
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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23
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NOX4-Derived ROS Promotes Collagen I Deposition in Bronchial Smooth Muscle Cells by Activating Noncanonical p38MAPK/Akt-Mediated TGF- β Signaling. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6668971. [PMID: 33824697 PMCID: PMC8007363 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6668971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Background Airway smooth muscle (ASM) remodeling is a hallmark in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). NADPH oxidase 4- (NOX4-) mediated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production plays a crucial role in cell differentiation and extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis in ASM remodeling. However, the precise mechanisms underpinning its pathogenic roles remain elusive. Methods The expression of NOX4 and TGF-β1 in the airway of the lung was measured in COPD patients and the control group. Cigarette smoke- (CS-) induced emphysema mice were generated, and the alteration of α-SMA, NOX4, TGF-β1, and collagen I was accessed. The changes of the expression of ECM markers, NOX4, components of TGF-β/Smad, and MAPK/Akt signaling in human bronchial smooth muscle cells (HBSMCs) were ascertained for delineating mechanisms of NOX4-mediated ROS production on cell differentiation and remodeling in human ASM cells. Results An increased abundance of NOX4 and TGF-β1 proteins in the epithelial cells and ASM of lung was observed in COPD patients compared with the control group. Additionally, an increased abundance expression of NOX4 and α-SMA was observed in the lungs of the CS-induced emphysema mouse model. TGF-β1 displayed abilities to increase the oxidative burden and collagen I production, along with enhanced phosphorylation of ERK, p38MAPK, and p-Akt473 in HBSMCs. These effects of TGF-β1 could be inhibited by the ROS scavenger N-acetylcysteine (NAC), siRNA-mediated knockdown of Smad3 and NOX4, and pharmacological inhibitors SB203580 (p38MAPK inhibitor) and LY294002 (Akt inhibitor). Conclusions NOX4-mediated ROS production alters TGF-β1-induced cell differentiation and collagen I protein synthesis in HBSMCs in part through the p38MAPK/Akt signaling pathway in a Smad-dependent manner.
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24
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Song Q, Chen P, Liu XM. The role of cigarette smoke-induced pulmonary vascular endothelial cell apoptosis in COPD. Respir Res 2021; 22:39. [PMID: 33546691 PMCID: PMC7866753 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-021-01630-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the most common chronic respiratory diseases with high morbidity and mortality. It has become the fifth most burdened and the third most deadly disease in the global economy and increases year by year. The prevention and treatment of COPD are urgent. Smoking is the main and most common risk factor for COPD. Cigarette smoke (CS) contains a large number of toxic substances, can cause a series of changes in the trachea, lung tissue, pulmonary blood vessels, and promotes the occurrence and development of COPD. In recent years, the development of epigenetics and molecular biology have provided new guidance for revealing the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases. The latest research indicates that pulmonary vascular endothelial cell apoptosis initiates and participates in the pathogenesis of COPD. In this review, we summarize the current research on the epigenetic mechanisms and molecular biology of CS-induced pulmonary vascular endothelial cell apoptosis in COPD, providing a new research direction for pathogenesis of COPD and a new target for the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Song
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Research Unit of Respiratory Disease, Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Ping Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Research Unit of Respiratory Disease, Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
| | - Xiang-Ming Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Research Unit of Respiratory Disease, Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
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25
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Checa J, Aran JM. Airway Redox Homeostasis and Inflammation Gone Awry: From Molecular Pathogenesis to Emerging Therapeutics in Respiratory Pathology. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E9317. [PMID: 33297418 PMCID: PMC7731288 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
As aerobic organisms, we are continuously and throughout our lifetime subjected to an oxidizing atmosphere and, most often, to environmental threats. The lung is the internal organ most highly exposed to this milieu. Therefore, it has evolved to confront both oxidative stress induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and a variety of pollutants, pathogens, and allergens that promote inflammation and can harm the airways to different degrees. Indeed, an excess of ROS, generated intrinsically or from external sources, can imprint direct damage to key structural cell components (nucleic acids, sugars, lipids, and proteins) and indirectly perturb ROS-mediated signaling in lung epithelia, impairing its homeostasis. These early events complemented with efficient recognition of pathogen- or damage-associated recognition patterns by the airway resident cells alert the immune system, which mounts an inflammatory response to remove the hazards, including collateral dead cells and cellular debris, in an attempt to return to homeostatic conditions. Thus, any major or chronic dysregulation of the redox balance, the air-liquid interface, or defects in epithelial proteins impairing mucociliary clearance or other defense systems may lead to airway damage. Here, we review our understanding of the key role of oxidative stress and inflammation in respiratory pathology, and extensively report current and future trends in antioxidant and anti-inflammatory treatments focusing on the following major acute and chronic lung diseases: acute lung injury/respiratory distress syndrome, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pulmonary fibrosis, and cystic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Josep M. Aran
- Immune-Inflammatory Processes and Gene Therapeutics Group, IDIBELL, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain;
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26
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Zheng M, Hong W, Gao M, Yi E, Zhang J, Hao B, Liang C, Li X, Li C, Ye X, Liao B, He F, Zhou Y, Li B, Ran P. Long Noncoding RNA COPDA1 Promotes Airway Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2020; 61:584-596. [PMID: 31050548 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2018-0269oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal expression of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) has been confirmed to be associated with many diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). To gain better understanding of the mechanism of COPD, we investigated the lncRNA and mRNA profiles in the lung tissue of patients with COPD. According to the analysis, one of the significantly different lncRNAs, COPDA1, might participate in the occurrence and development of COPD. Lung tissues were collected from nonsmokers, smokers, or smokers with COPD for RNA sequencing. Bioinformatic analysis and cell experiments were used to define the function of COPDA1, and the effects of COPDA1 on intracellular Ca2+ concentration and cell proliferation were examined after knockdown or overexpression of COPDA1. A number of variations of lncRNAs were found in the comparison of nonsmokers, smokers, and smokers with COPD. GO (Gene Ontology) and KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) pathway analyses indicated that smoking was involved in the activation of cytokines and the cell cycle, which is associated with COPD. According to the lncRNA-mRNA-coexpressing network and enrichment analysis, COPDAz1 and one of its target genes, MS4A1 (membrane-spanning 4-domains family, subfamily A) were investigated, and we discovered that the expression of MS4A1 was closely associated with lncRNA COPDA1 expression in human bronchial smooth muscle cells (HBSMCs). Further study showed that lncRNA COPDA1 upregulated the expression of MS4A1 to increase store-operated calcium entry in the HBSMCs, resulting in the promotion of the proliferation of smooth muscle cells as well as of airway remodeling. COPDA1 might be involved in the regulation of certain signaling pathways in COPD, might promote the proliferation of HBSMCs, and might also be involved in facilitating airway remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengning Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Guanzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Wei Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Guanzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Mi Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Guanzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Erkang Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Guanzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiahuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Guanzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Binwei Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Guanzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chunxiao Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Guanzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Guanzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chenglong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Guanzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiuqin Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Guanzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Baoling Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Guanzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Fang He
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Guanzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,School of Basic Medical Sciences, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yumin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Guanzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Bing Li
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Pixin Ran
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Guanzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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ASK1 inhibition: a therapeutic strategy with multi-system benefits. J Mol Med (Berl) 2020; 98:335-348. [PMID: 32060587 PMCID: PMC7080683 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-020-01878-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (P38α and β) and c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK1, 2, and 3) are key mediators of the cellular stress response. However, prolonged P38 and JNK signalling is associated with damaging inflammatory responses, reactive oxygen species-induced cell death, and fibrosis in multiple tissues, such as the kidney, liver, central nervous system, and cardiopulmonary systems. These responses are associated with many human diseases, including arthritis, dementia, and multiple organ dysfunctions. Attempts to prevent P38- and JNK-mediated disease using small molecule inhibitors of P38 or JNK have generally been unsuccessful. However, apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1), an upstream regulator of P38 and JNK, has emerged as an alternative drug target for limiting P38- and JNK-mediated disease. Within this review, we compile the evidence that ASK1 mediates damaging cellular responses via prolonged P38 or JNK activation. We discuss the potential benefits of ASK1 inhibition as a therapeutic and summarise the studies that have tested the effects of ASK1 inhibition in cell and animal disease models, in addition to human clinical trials for a variety of disorders.
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28
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Novel phosphodiesterases inhibitors from the group of purine-2,6-dione derivatives as potent modulators of airway smooth muscle cell remodelling. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 865:172779. [PMID: 31705904 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Airway remodelling (AR) is an important pathological feature of chronic asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The etiology of AR is complex and involves both lung structural and immune cells. One of the main contributors to airway remodelling is the airway smooth muscle (ASM), which is thickened by asthma, becomes more contractile and produces more extracellular matrix. As a second messenger, adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) has been shown to contribute to ASM cell (ASMC) relaxation as well as to anti-remodelling effects in ASMC. Phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors have drawn attention as an interesting new group of potential anti-inflammatory and anti-remodelling drugs. Recently, new hydrazide and amide purine-2,6-dione derivatives with anti-inflammatory properties have been synthesized by our team (compounds 1 and 2). We expanded our study of their PDE selectivity profile, ability to increase intracellular cAMP levels, metabolic stability and, above all, their capacity to modulate cell responses associated with ASMC remodelling. The results show that both compounds have subtype specificity for several PDE isoforms (including inhibition of PDE1, PDE3, PDE4 and PDE7). Interestingly, such combined PDE subtype inhibition exerts improved anti-remodelling efficacies against several ASMC-induced responses such as proliferation, contractility, extracellular matrix (ECM) protein expression and migration when compared to other non-selective and selective PDE inhibitors. Our findings open novel perspectives in the search for new chemical entities with dual anti-inflammatory and anti-remodelling profiles in the group of purine-2,6-dione derivatives as broad-spectrum PDE inhibitors.
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29
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Tang R, Fraser A, Magnus MC. Female reproductive history in relation to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and lung function in UK biobank: a prospective population-based cohort study. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e030318. [PMID: 31662371 PMCID: PMC6830692 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-030318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Sex differences in respiratory physiology and predilection for developing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have been documented, suggesting that female sex hormones may influence pathogenesis. We investigated whether aspects of female reproductive health might play a role in risk of COPD among women. DESIGN Population-based prospective cohort study. SETTING UK Biobank recruited across 22 centres in the UK between 2006 to 2010. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOMES MEASURES We examined a range of female reproductive health indicators in relation to risk of COPD-related hospitalisation/death (n=271 271) using Cox proportional hazards regression; and lung function (n=273 441) using linear regression. RESULTS Parity >3 was associated with greater risk of COPD-related hospitalisation/death (adjusted HR 1.45; 95% CI: 1.16 to 1.82) and lower forced expiratory volume at 1 second/forced vital capacity ratio (FEV1/FVC) (adjusted mean difference -0.06; 95% CI: -0.07 to 0.04). Any oral contraception use was associated with lower risk of COPD-related hospitalisation/death (adjusted HR 0.85; 95% CI: 0.74 to 0.97) and greater FEV1/FVC (adjusted mean difference 0.01; 95% CI: 0.003 to 0.03). Late menarche (age >15) and early menopause (age <47) were also associated with greater risk of COPD-related hospitalisation/death (but not lung function), while endometriosis was associated with greater FEV1/FVC (not COPD-related hospitalisation/death). Early menarche (age <12 years) was associated with lower FEV1/FVC (but not COPD hospitalisation/death). Associations with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) or ovarian cysts, any hormone replacement therapy (HRT) use, hysterectomy-alone and both hysterectomy and bilateral oophorectomy were in opposing directions for COPD-related hospitalisation/death (greater risk) and FEV1/FVC (positive association). CONCLUSIONS Multiple female reproductive health indicators across the life course are associated with COPD-related hospitalisation/death and lung function. Further studies are necessary to understand the opposing associations of PCOS/ovarian cysts, HRT and hysterectomy with COPD and objective measures of airway obstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalind Tang
- Bristol Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Abigail Fraser
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Maria Christine Magnus
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
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30
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Hamdan SJ, Al-Attar Z, Hashim I. Prevalence of Montelukast Use as an Add-On Therapy among Iraqi Asthmatics on Treatment Attending Al-Kindy Teaching Hospital and Al-Zahraa Center of Asthma and Allergy. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2019; 7:2246-2250. [PMID: 31592270 PMCID: PMC6765087 DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2019.645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Montelukast (Singulair) is a cysteinyl leukotriene receptor antagonist, used for the maintenance treatment of asthma and to relieve symptoms of seasonal allergic rhinitis and asthma, also used for exercise-induced bronchospasm. AIM: This study was performed to determine the prevalence of Montelukast use as an add-on therapy among Iraqi asthmatic patients on treatment. Comparing the effectiveness of regimens with and without montelukast. METHODS: This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out on 73 Iraqi asthmatic patients on treatment of both sexes with age range (18-60) years old, attending Al-Kindy Teaching Hospital and Al-Zahraa Centre of Asthma and Allergy, Baghdad, for the period between February and March 2017. A questionnaire was specifically prepared to meet the objectives and was used to collect the data of the study. RESULTS: There was a significant statistical reduction of frequency in asthmatic attacks after Montelukast treatment (p-value < 0.05). Out of 73 patients, 39 were males, and 34 were females, 46 were jobless, 37 were married, 63 were urban residents, 63 were educated. Prevalence of exacerbation factors was as following: infection was found in 60.3% of the patients, exercise in 57.5%, dust in 72.6%, smoking in 60.6%, food in 24.7%, others (stress, perfumes) in 20.5%. The prevalence of Montelukast use in this study was 46% (34 patients). Out of 34 patients using Montelukast, 28 were using inhaled salbutamol, 5 were using oral salbutamol, 15 were using inhaled corticosteroids, 9 were using systematic corticosteroids, 2 were using xanthines, and 6 were using ketotifen. CONCLUSION: Montelukast was used as add-on therapy with the inhaled corticosteroids to reduce the required dose of inhaled corticosteroids also the use of Montelukast lead to reduced number of exacerbations which will be reflected on the use of inhaled salbutamol and systematic corticosteroids. Also, Montelukast was superior to xanthines and ketotifen as an add-on therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Jassim Hamdan
- Department of Pharmacology, Al-Kindy College of Medicine, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Zaid Al-Attar
- Department of Pharmacology, Al-Kindy College of Medicine, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Imad Hashim
- Department of Pharmacology, Al-Kindy College of Medicine, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
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31
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Rosethorne EM, Charlton SJ. Airway remodeling disease: primary human structural cells and phenotypic and pathway assays to identify targets with potential to prevent or reverse remodeling. J Exp Pharmacol 2018; 10:75-85. [PMID: 30568517 PMCID: PMC6276605 DOI: 10.2147/jep.s159124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Airway remodeling is a characteristic of many chronic respiratory diseases and occurs when there are significant changes to the architecture of the small and large airways leading to progressive loss of lung function. Some common features include airway smooth muscle and goblet cell hyperplasia, basement membrane thickening and subepithelial fibrosis. To explore the mechanisms driving airway remodeling and identify novel targets to treat this aspect of respiratory disease, appropriate models must be used that will accurately predict the pathology of disease. Phenotypic assays can be used in primary human lung cells to measure changes in cell behavior that are associated with particular disease pathology. This is becoming increasingly popular when targeting chronic pathologies such as airway remodeling, where phenotypic assays are likely to model disease in vitro more accurately than traditional second messenger assays. Here we review the use of primary human lung structural cells in a range of disease-relevant chronic phenotypic assays, and how they may be used in target identification/validation and drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M Rosethorne
- School of Life Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK, .,Centre of Membrane and Protein and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Midlands, UK, .,Excellerate Bioscience Ltd, MediCity, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK,
| | - Steven J Charlton
- School of Life Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK, .,Centre of Membrane and Protein and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Midlands, UK, .,Excellerate Bioscience Ltd, MediCity, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK,
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