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Welhaven HD, Welfley AH, Pershad P, Satalich J, O'Connell R, Bothner B, Vap AR, June RK. Metabolic phenotypes reflect patient sex and injury status: A cross-sectional analysis of human synovial fluid. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2024; 32:1074-1083. [PMID: 37716406 PMCID: PMC10940192 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2023.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Osteoarthritis is a heterogeneous disease. The objective was to compare differences in underlying cellular mechanisms and endogenous repair pathways between synovial fluid (SF) from male and female participants with different injuries to improve the current understanding of the pathophysiology of downstream post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA). DESIGN SF from n = 33 knee arthroscopy patients between 18 and 70 years with no prior knee injuries was obtained pre-procedure and injury pathology assigned post-procedure. SF was extracted and analyzed via liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry metabolomic profiling to examine differences in metabolism between injury pathologies (ligament, meniscal, and combined ligament and meniscal) and patient sex. Samples were pooled and underwent secondary fragmentation to identify metabolites. RESULTS Different knee injuries uniquely altered SF metabolites and downstream pathways including amino acid, lipid, and inflammatory-associated metabolic pathways. Notably, sexual dimorphic metabolic phenotypes were examined between males and females and within injury pathology. Cervonyl carnitine and other identified metabolites differed in concentrations between sexes. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that different injuries and patient sex are associated with distinct metabolic phenotypes. Considering these phenotypic associations, a greater understanding of metabolic mechanisms associated with specific injuries, sex, and PTOA development may yield data regarding how endogenous repair pathways differ between male and female injury types. Ongoing metabolomic analysis of SF in injured male and female patients can be performed to monitor PTOA development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hope D Welhaven
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States
| | - Avery H Welfley
- Department of Microbiology & Cell Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States
| | - Prayag Pershad
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - James Satalich
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Robert O'Connell
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Brian Bothner
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States
| | - Alexander R Vap
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Ronald K June
- Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States.
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Dai Z, Wan K, Miyashita M, Ho RST, Zheng C, Poon ETC, Wong SHS. The Effect of Time-Restricted Eating Combined with Exercise on Body Composition and Metabolic Health: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Adv Nutr 2024; 15:100262. [PMID: 38897385 PMCID: PMC11301358 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Time-restricted eating (TRE) is increasingly popular, but its benefits in combination with exercise still need to be determined. OBJECTIVES This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the efficacy of TRE combined with exercise compared with control diet with exercise in improving the body composition and metabolic health of adults. METHODS Five electronic databases were searched for relevant studies. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) examining the effect of TRE combined with exercise on body composition and metabolic health in adults were included. All results in the meta-analysis are reported as mean difference (MD) with 95% confidence interval (CI). Study quality was assessed using the revised Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool and Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation assessment. RESULTS In total, 19 RCTs comprising 568 participants were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. TRE combined with exercise likely reduced the participants' body mass (MD: -1.86 kg; 95% CI: -2.75, -0.97 kg) and fat mass (MD: -1.52 kg; 95% CI: -2.07, -0.97 kg) when compared with the control diet with exercise. In terms of metabolic health, the TRE combined with exercise group likely reduced triglycerides (MD: -13.38 mg/dL, 95% CI: -21.22, -5.54 mg/dL) and may result in a reduction in low-density lipoprotein (MD: -8.52 mg/dL; 95% CI: -11.72, -5.33 mg/dL) and a large reduction in leptin (MD: -0.67 ng/mL; 95% CI: -1.02, -0.33 ng/mL). However, TRE plus exercise exhibited no additional benefit on the glucose profile, including fasting glucose and insulin, and other lipid profiles, including total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein concentrations, compared with the control group. CONCLUSIONS Combining TRE with exercise may be more effective in reducing body weight and fat mass and improving lipid profile than control diet with exercise. Implementing this approach may benefit individuals aiming to achieve weight loss and enhance their metabolic well-being. This study was registered in PROSPERO as CRD42022353834.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Dai
- Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kewen Wan
- Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Dr. Stephen Hui Research Centre for Physical Recreation and Wellness, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Masashi Miyashita
- Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan; School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Leicestershire, United Kingdom
| | - Robin Sze-Tak Ho
- Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chen Zheng
- Department of Health and Physical Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Eric Tsz-Chun Poon
- Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Stephen Heung-Sang Wong
- Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Li L, Zhou Z, Fang J, Liu D, Deng C, Chen Y, Ahasan Z, Zhu W, Cai K. The characterization of metabolic changes in adipose tissues and muscles due to different exercise intensities by Dixon in healthy young men. Eur J Radiol 2024; 177:111559. [PMID: 38865759 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2024.111559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To delineate the alterations in adipose and muscle tissue composition and functionality among healthy young men across varying exercise intensities, which help to elucidate the impact of exercise intensity on weight management and inform fitness planning. METHOD 3D Dixon MRI scans were performed on the neck and supraclavicular area in 10 high-intensity exercises (HIE) athletes, 20 moderate intensity exercises (MIE) athletes and 19 low-intensity exercises non-athlete male controls (NCM). Twelve imaging parameters, including the total volume of muscle, white adipose tissue (WAT), brown adipose tissue (BAT), and the mean fat-water fraction (FWF) within these tissues. Additionally, ratios of BAT or WAT to total fat (BATr or WATr) and the proportions of muscle, BAT, or WAT to total tissue volume (Musp, BATp, and WATp) were calculated. Parameters were compared across groups and correlated with Body Mass Index (BMI), waistline, and hipline. RESULTS The HIE group exhibited the highest total muscle (totalMUS) and brown adipose tissue (totalBAT) volumes among the three groups. Conversely, the NCM group had significantly higher fwfFAT and fwfBAT values. The MUSp was higher in the HIE and MIE groups compared to NCM, while the BATp and WATp were lower. Furthermore, the BATr in HIE and MIE groups were higher than NCM group while the WATr were lower. Significant linear relationships were observed between totalBAT, totalWAT, MUSp, BATr, fwfFAT, and BMI, waistline (P < 0.05) across all groups. CONCLUSIONS MIE is sufficient for the purpose of weight control, While HIE helps to further increase the muscle mass. All three physical indexes were significantly associated with the image parameters, with waistline emerging as the most effective indicator for detecting metabolic changes across all groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Radiology Department, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, HUST, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhiguo Zhou
- Orthopedics Department, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, HUST, Wuhan, China.
| | - Jicheng Fang
- Radiology Department, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, HUST, Wuhan, China
| | - Dong Liu
- Radiology Department, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, HUST, Wuhan, China
| | - Chenghu Deng
- Department of Physical Education, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yong Chen
- Endocrinology Department, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, HUST, Wuhan, China
| | - Zoheb Ahasan
- Radiology Department, Bioengineering Department, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States; Bioengineering Department, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Wenzhen Zhu
- Radiology Department, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, HUST, Wuhan, China
| | - Kejia Cai
- Radiology Department, Bioengineering Department, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States; Bioengineering Department, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
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Kleis-Olsen AS, Farlov JE, Petersen EA, Schmücker M, Flensted-Jensen M, Blom I, Ingersen A, Hansen M, Helge JW, Dela F, Larsen S. Metabolic flexibility in postmenopausal women: Hormone replacement therapy is associated with higher mitochondrial content, respiratory capacity, and lower total fat mass. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2024; 240:e14117. [PMID: 38404156 DOI: 10.1111/apha.14117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
AIM To investigate effects of hormone replacement therapy in postmenopausal women on factors associated with metabolic flexibility related to whole-body parameters including fat oxidation, resting energy expenditure, body composition and plasma concentrations of fatty acids, glucose, insulin, cortisol, and lipids, and for the mitochondrial level, including mitochondrial content, respiratory capacity, efficiency, and hydrogen peroxide emission. METHODS 22 postmenopausal women were included. 11 were undergoing estradiol and progestin treatment (HT), and 11 were matched non-treated controls (CONT). Peak oxygen consumption, maximal fat oxidation, glycated hemoglobin, body composition, and resting energy expenditure were measured. Blood samples were collected at rest and during 45 min of ergometer exercise (65% VO2peak). Muscle biopsies were obtained at rest and immediately post-exercise. Mitochondrial respiratory capacity, efficiency, and hydrogen peroxide emission in permeabilized fibers and isolated mitochondria were measured, and citrate synthase (CS) and 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (HAD) activity were assessed. RESULTS HT showed higher absolute mitochondrial respiratory capacity and post-exercise hydrogen peroxide emission in permeabilized fibers and higher CS and HAD activities. All respiration normalized to CS activity showed no significant group differences in permeabilized fibers or isolated mitochondria. There were no differences in resting energy expenditure, maximal, and resting fat oxidation or plasma markers. HT had significantly lower visceral and total fat mass compared to CONT. CONCLUSION Use of hormone therapy is associated with higher mitochondrial content and respiratory capacity and a lower visceral and total fat mass. Resting energy expenditure and fat oxidation did not differ between HT and CONT.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Kleis-Olsen
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J E Farlov
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - E A Petersen
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M Schmücker
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M Flensted-Jensen
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - I Blom
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - A Ingersen
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M Hansen
- Department of Public Health, Section of Sport Science, Aarhus University, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - J W Helge
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - F Dela
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Geriatrics, Bispebjerg-Frederiksberg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Human Physiology and Biochemistry, Riga Stradiņš University, Riga, Latvia
| | - S Larsen
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Zhang Y, Yang W, Xue Y, Hou D, Chen S, Xu Z, Peng S, Zhao H, Wang C, Liu C. Timing Matters: Time of Day Impacts the Ergogenic Effects of Caffeine-A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2024; 16:1421. [PMID: 38794659 PMCID: PMC11124133 DOI: 10.3390/nu16101421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Caffeine has attracted significant attention from researchers in the sports field due to its well-documented ergogenic effects across various athletic disciplines. As research on caffeine continues to progress, there has been a growing emphasis on evaluating caffeine dosage and administration methods. However, investigations into the optimal timing of caffeine intake remain limited. Therefore, this narrative review aimed to assess the ergogenic effects of caffeine administration at different times during the morning (06:00 to 10:00) and evening (16:00 to 21:00). The review findings suggest that circadian rhythms play a substantial role in influencing sports performance, potentially contributing to a decline in morning performance. Caffeine administration has demonstrated effectiveness in mitigating this phenomenon, resulting in ergogenic effects and performance enhancement, even comparable to nighttime levels. While the specific mechanisms by which caffeine regulates circadian rhythms and influences sports performance remain unclear, this review also explores the mechanisms underlying caffeine's ergogenic effects, including the adenosine receptor blockade, increased muscle calcium release, and modulation of catecholamines. Additionally, the narrative review underscores caffeine's indirect impact on circadian rhythms by enhancing responsiveness to light-induced phase shifts. Although the precise mechanisms through which caffeine improves morning performance declines via circadian rhythm regulation necessitate further investigations, it is noteworthy that the timing of caffeine administration significantly affects its ergogenic effects during exercise. This emphasizes the importance of considering caffeine intake timing in future research endeavors to optimize its ergogenic potential and elucidate its mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Zhang
- Sport Coaching College, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Weijun Yang
- Sport Coaching College, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yizhang Xue
- Sport Coaching College, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Dingchun Hou
- Institute of Population Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Songyue Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Zhiqin Xu
- School of Sport Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Sijia Peng
- National Engineering Research Center of Fruit and Vegetable Processing, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Haotian Zhao
- Department of Physical Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Can Wang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Chang Liu
- School of Sport Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
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Sergeeva XV, Lvova ID, Sharlo KA. Disuse-Induced Muscle Fatigue: Facts and Assumptions. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4984. [PMID: 38732203 PMCID: PMC11084575 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle unloading occurs during a wide range of conditions, from space flight to bed rest. The unloaded muscle undergoes negative functional changes, which include increased fatigue. The mechanisms of unloading-induced fatigue are far from complete understanding and cannot be explained by muscle atrophy only. In this review, we summarize the data concerning unloading-induced fatigue in different muscles and different unloading models and provide several potential mechanisms of unloading-induced fatigue based on recent experimental data. The unloading-induced changes leading to increased fatigue include both neurobiological and intramuscular processes. The development of intramuscular fatigue seems to be mainly contributed by the transformation of soleus muscle fibers from a fatigue-resistant, "oxidative" "slow" phenotype to a "fast" "glycolytic" one. This process includes slow-to-fast fiber-type shift and mitochondrial density decline, as well as the disruption of activating signaling interconnections between slow-type myosin expression and mitochondrial biogenesis. A vast pool of relevant literature suggests that these events are triggered by the inactivation of muscle fibers in the early stages of muscle unloading, leading to the accumulation of high-energy phosphates and calcium ions in the myoplasm, as well as NO decrease. Disturbance of these secondary messengers leads to structural changes in muscles that, in turn, cause increased fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kristina A. Sharlo
- Institute of Biomedical Problems, RAS, Khorosevskoye Shosse, 76a, 123007 Moscow, Russia; (X.V.S.); (I.D.L.)
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D'Alleva M, Giovanelli N, Graniero F, Billat VL, Fiori F, Marinoni M, Parpinel M, Lazzer S. Effects of 24-week Polarized Training vs. Threshold Training in Obese Male Adults. Int J Sports Med 2024; 45:282-291. [PMID: 37402392 DOI: 10.1055/a-2123-0851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
The combination of high volume of moderate-intensity continuous training with a low volume of high-intensity interval training improved body composition and physical capacities in individuals with obesity. However, polarized training (POL) has never been used in adult men with obesity. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate changes in body composition and physical capacities induced by a 24-week POL or threshold (THR) program in obese male adults. Twenty male patients (mean age 39.8±6.3 yrs; mean body mass index [BMI] 31.6±2.7 kg∙m-2) participated in this study (n: 10 POL, n: 10 THR). After 24-week, body mass (BM) and fat mass (FM) decreased by -3.20±3.10 kg (P<0.05) and -3.80±2.80 kg (P<0.05), respectively, similarly in both groups. Maximal oxygen uptake ( ̇VO2max) and ̇VO2 at respiratory compensation point (RCP) increased in the POL group (+8.5±12.2 and+9.0±17.0%, P<0.05) and in the THR group (+4.24±8.64 and+4.0±6.70%, P<0.05), as well ̇VO2 at gas exchange threshold (GET) increased similarly in both groups (+12.8±12.0%, P<0.05). POL and THR were equally effective in improving body composition and physical capacities in obese subjects. Future studies are needed to determine whether adherence to the training program can be improved by adding a running competition compared with a group without competition at the end of the training program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia D'Alleva
- Deparment of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
- School of Sport Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Nicola Giovanelli
- Deparment of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
- School of Sport Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Francesco Graniero
- Physical Exercise Prescription Center, Azienda sanitaria universitaria Friuli Centrale, Gemona del Friuli, Italy
| | | | - Federica Fiori
- Deparment of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | | | - Maria Parpinel
- Deparment of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Stefano Lazzer
- Deparment of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
- School of Sport Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
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Rosbrook P, Sweet D, Qiao J, Looney DP, Margolis LM, Hostler D, Pryor RR, Pryor JL. Heat stress increases carbohydrate oxidation rates and oxygen uptake during prolonged load carriage exercise. Temperature (Austin) 2024; 11:170-181. [PMID: 38846526 PMCID: PMC11152092 DOI: 10.1080/23328940.2024.2322920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Military missions are conducted in a multitude of environments including heat and may involve walking under load following severe exertion, the metabolic demands of which may have nutritional implications for fueling and recovery planning. Ten males equipped a military pack loaded to 30% of their body mass and walked in 20°C/40% relative humidity (RH) (TEMP) or 37°C/20% RH (HOT) either continuously (CW) for 90 min at the first ventilatory threshold or mixed walking (MW) with unloaded running intervals above the second ventilatory threshold between min 35 and 55 of the 90 min bout. Pulmonary gas, thermoregulatory, and cardiovascular variables were analyzed following running intervals. Final rectal temperature (MW: p < 0.001, g = 3.81, CW: p < 0.001, g = 4.04), oxygen uptake, cardiovascular strain, and energy expenditure were higher during HOT trials (p ≤ 0.05) regardless of exercise type. Both HOT trials elicited higher final carbohydrate oxidation (CHOox) than TEMP CW at min 90 (HOT MW: p < 0.001, g = 1.45, HOT CW: p = 0.009, g = 0.67) and HOT MW CHOox exceeded TEMP MW at min 80 and 90 (p = 0.049, g = 0.60 and p = 0.024, g = 0.73, respectively). There were no within-environment differences in substrate oxidation indicating that severe exertion work cycles did not produce a carryover effect during subsequent loaded walking. The rate of CHOox during 90 minutes of load carriage in the heat appears to be primarily affected by accumulated thermal load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Rosbrook
- Center for Research & Education in Special Environments, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, USA
| | - Daniel Sweet
- Center for Research & Education in Special Environments, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, USA
| | - JianBo Qiao
- Center for Research & Education in Special Environments, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, USA
| | - David P. Looney
- Military Performance Division, United States Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, USA
| | - Lee M. Margolis
- Military Nutrition Division, United States Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, USA
| | - David Hostler
- Center for Research & Education in Special Environments, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, USA
| | - Riana R. Pryor
- Center for Research & Education in Special Environments, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, USA
| | - J. Luke Pryor
- Center for Research & Education in Special Environments, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, USA
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Bojarczuk A, Egorova ES, Dzitkowska-Zabielska M, Ahmetov II. Genetics of Exercise and Diet-Induced Fat Loss Efficiency: A Systematic Review. J Sports Sci Med 2024; 23:236-257. [PMID: 38455434 PMCID: PMC10915602 DOI: 10.52082/jssm.2024.236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Physical exercise and dieting are well-known and effective methods for fat loss and improving cardiovascular health. However, different individuals often react differently to the same exercise regimen or dietary plan. While specific individuals may undergo substantial fat loss, others may observe only limited effects. A wide range of inter-individual variability in weight gain and changes in body composition induced by physical exercises and diets led to an investigation into the genetic factors that may contribute to the individual variations in such responses. This systematic review aimed at identifying the genetic markers associated with fat loss resulting from diet or exercise. A search of the current literature was performed using the PubMed database. Forty-seven articles met the inclusion criteria when assessing genetic markers associated with weight loss efficiency in response to different types of exercises and diets. Overall, we identified 30 genetic markers of fat-loss efficiency in response to different kinds of diets and 24 in response to exercise. Most studies (n = 46) used the candidate gene approach. We should aspire to the customized selection of exercise and dietary plans for each individual to prevent and treat obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Bojarczuk
- Faculty of Physical Culture, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Emiliya S Egorova
- Laboratory of Genetics of Aging and Longevity, Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, Russia
| | | | - Ildus I Ahmetov
- Laboratory of Genetics of Aging and Longevity, Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, Russia
- Sports Genetics Laboratory, St Petersburg Research Institute of Physical Culture, St. Petersburg, Russia
- Center for Phygital Education and Innovative Sports Technologies, Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, Moscow, Russia
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
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10
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Pühringer M, Ring-Dimitriou S. The influence of cardiorespiratory fitness level on the relationship between work rates at the aerobic threshold (AerT) and the point of maximal fat oxidation (Fat max) in untrained adults. Front Sports Act Living 2024; 6:1321896. [PMID: 38463715 PMCID: PMC10920282 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2024.1321896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction In this study, we investigated the impact of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), quantified as peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak), on the relationship between work rates (WR) at the aerobic threshold (AerT) and the point of maximal fat oxidation rate (Fatmax). Methods A total of 761 untrained adults aged 41-68 completed a one-minute incremental exercise test on a cycle ergometer, using breath-by-breath gas analysis to determine VO2peak, AerT, and Fatmax. AerT was determined using automatic and visual detection methods, and Fatmax was determined using indirect calorimetry. Participants were categorized into CRF-groups: low (<25th percentile), medium (≥25th percentile and <75th percentile), and high (≥75th percentile). Results Fatmax was found at 43 ± 7% WRpeak, 37% ± 6% WRpeak and 35% ± 7% WRpeak in the low, medium, and high CRF-groups, respectively. In contrast, AerT was located at significantly higher relative work rates: 51% ± 8% WRpeak, 47% ± 10% WRpeak, and 47% ± 11% WRpeak in the respective CRF-groups. There was a weak agreement between Fatmax and AerT [intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) = .19, p < .001], and the ICC decreased from .35 to .12 to .13, while the mean bias ±95% limits of agreement increased from 8% ± 14% WRpeak to 8% ± 19% WRpeak to 12% ± 44% WRpeak from CRF-low to CRF-medium to CRF-high. The mean difference between Fatmax and AerT was significantly different among the CRF subgroups: 8% ± 7% WRpeak vs. 10% ± 10% WRpeak vs. 12% ± 11% WRpeak in low, medium, and high CRF-groups, respectively. Nonetheless, multiple regression analysis revealed only a weak positive correlation between the difference in relative work rates (% WRpeak) between Fatmax and AerT (dependent variable) and the predictor variables CRF and sex, both identified as significant (R = .19, p < .001). Conclusion Our study confirms substantial differences in exercise intensities between Fatmax and AerT in untrained adults (10% ± 19% WRpeak, ranging from -14% to 53% WRpeak). Importantly, this difference remains relatively consistent across varying CRF levels, emphasizing the distinct nature of Fatmax and AerT, with CRF playing a limited role in influencing their relationship in our study's untrained adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Pühringer
- Department of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
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Murru E, Manca C, Carta G, Ruggiu M, Solinas R, Montisci R, Hodson L, Dearlove D, Mollica MP, Tocco F, Banni S. Indirect Calorimetry-Based Novel Approach for Evaluating Metabolic Flexibility and Its Association with Circulating Metabolic Markers in Middle-Aged Subjects. Nutrients 2024; 16:525. [PMID: 38398849 PMCID: PMC10891777 DOI: 10.3390/nu16040525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
We propose a novel method for assessing metabolic flexibility (MF) through indirect calorimetry. A total of twenty healthy volunteers (10 females; 10 males) aged 45-65 were categorized into a Low-Intensity activity group (LI, 0-1 session of 1 h per week) and a High-Intensity activity group (HI, 5-6 sessions of 2 h per week). Volunteers underwent a stepwise exercise test on a cycle ergometer, connected to a calorimeter, to examine respiratory gas exchange to evaluate peak fatty acid Oxidation (PFO) and peak carbohydrate oxidation (PCO). Circulating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) biomarkers, docosahexaenoic acid/eicosapentaenoic acid (DHA/EPA) ratio and N-oleoylethanolamine (OEA), and the endocannabinoid- 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), were evaluated. We developed two MF parameters: the MF index (MFI), calculated by the product of PFO normalized per kg of fat-free mass (FFM) and the percentage of VO2max at PFO, and the peak energy substrates' oxidation (PESO), computed by summing the kilocalories from the PFO and PCO, normalized per kg FFM. The MFI and PESO were significantly different between the HI and LI groups, showing strong correlations with the circulating bioactive substances. Higher DHA/EPA ratio (p ≤ 0.05) and OEA (p ≤ 0.01), but lower 2-AG levels (p ≤ 0.01) were found in the HI group. These new parameters successfully established a functional link between MF and the balance of PPARα/endocannabinoid systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Murru
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (E.M.); (C.M.); (G.C.)
| | - Claudia Manca
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (E.M.); (C.M.); (G.C.)
| | - Gianfranca Carta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (E.M.); (C.M.); (G.C.)
| | - Michele Ruggiu
- Clinical Cardiology and Sport Medicine, Department of Medical Science and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (M.R.); (R.S.); (R.M.); (F.T.)
| | - Roberto Solinas
- Clinical Cardiology and Sport Medicine, Department of Medical Science and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (M.R.); (R.S.); (R.M.); (F.T.)
| | - Roberta Montisci
- Clinical Cardiology and Sport Medicine, Department of Medical Science and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (M.R.); (R.S.); (R.M.); (F.T.)
| | - Leanne Hodson
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK; (L.H.); (D.D.)
- National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospital Trusts, Oxford OX4 2PG, UK
| | - David Dearlove
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK; (L.H.); (D.D.)
| | - Maria Pina Mollica
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy;
| | - Filippo Tocco
- Clinical Cardiology and Sport Medicine, Department of Medical Science and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (M.R.); (R.S.); (R.M.); (F.T.)
| | - Sebastiano Banni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (E.M.); (C.M.); (G.C.)
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12
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Li L, Lai X, Ni Y, Chen S, Qu Y, Hu Z, Sun J. The role of GPR81-cAMP-PKA pathway in endurance training-induced intramuscular triglyceride accumulation and mitochondrial content changes in rats. J Physiol Sci 2024; 74:8. [PMID: 38331728 PMCID: PMC10851531 DOI: 10.1186/s12576-024-00902-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
The athlete's paradox phenomenon involves the accumulation of intramuscular triglycerides (IMTG) in both insulin-resistant and insulin-sensitive endurance athletes. Nevertheless, a complete understanding of this phenomenon is yet to be achieved. Recent research indicates that lactate, a common byproduct of physical activity, may increase the accumulation of IMTG in skeletal muscle. This is achieved through the activation of G protein-coupled receptor 81 (GPR81) leads to the suppression of the cyclic adenosine monophosphate-protein kinase A (cAMP-PKA) pathway. The mechanism accountable for the increase in mitochondrial content in skeletal muscle triggered by lactate remains incomprehensible. Based on current research, our objective is to explore the role of the GPR81-inhibited cAMP-PKA pathway in the aggregation of IMTG and the increase in mitochondrial content as a result of prolonged exercise. The GPR81-cAMP-PKA-signaling pathway regulates the buildup of IMTG caused by extended periods of endurance training (ET). This is likely due to a decrease in proteins related to fat breakdown and an increase in proteins responsible for fat production. It is possible that the GPR81-cAMP-PKA pathway does not contribute to the long-term increase in mitochondrial biogenesis and content, which is induced by chronic ET. Additional investigation is required to explore the possible hindrance of the mitochondrial biogenesis and content process during physical activity by the GPR81-cAMP-PKA signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- Institute of Sports Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangdeng Lai
- Institute of Sports Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yihan Ni
- Institute of Sports Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Siyu Chen
- Institute of Sports Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaqian Qu
- Institute of Sports Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqiang Hu
- Institute of Sports Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingquan Sun
- Institute of Sports Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.
- School of Physical Education and Sports, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Physical Education, Sichuan University, No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu, 610065, China.
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Nam JS, Park SJ, Ahn CW, Cho ES, Kim HJ, Kim Y. Follistatin-like 1 is a myokine regulating lipid mobilization during endurance exercise and recovery. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2024; 32:352-362. [PMID: 38018497 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the role of the follistatin-like 1 (Fstl1) and disco-interacting protein 2 homolog A (DIP2a) axis in relation to lipid metabolism during and after endurance exercise and to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the metabolic effects of Fstl1 on adipocytes, considering its regulation by exercise and muscle mass and its link to obesity. METHODS Twenty-nine sedentary males participated in endurance exercise, and blood samples were collected during and after the exercise. Body composition, Fstl1, glycerol, epinephrine, growth hormone, and atrial natriuretic peptide were measured. 3T3-L1 adipocytes, with or without DIP2a knockdown, were treated with Fstl1 to assess glycerol release, cyclic AMP/cyclic GMP production, and hormone sensitive lipase phosphorylation. The association between DIP2a gene expression levels in human adipose tissues and exercise-induced lipolysis was examined. RESULTS Fstl1 levels significantly increased during endurance exercise and following recovery, correlating with lean body mass and lipolysis. In 3T3-L1 adipocytes, Fstl1 increased glycerol release, cyclic GMP production, and hormone sensitive lipase activation, but these effects were attenuated by DIP2a knockdown. DIP2a gene expression in human adipose tissues correlated with serum glycerol concentrations during endurance exercise. CONCLUSIONS Fstl1 is a myokine facilitating lipid mobilization during and after endurance exercise through DIP2a-mediated lipolytic effects in adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Sun Nam
- Severance Institute for Vascular and Metabolic Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Jeong Park
- Graduate School, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul Woo Ahn
- Severance Institute for Vascular and Metabolic Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Suk Cho
- Department of Radiology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Joo Kim
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - YuSik Kim
- Severance Institute for Vascular and Metabolic Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Fernández-Sánchez J, Trujillo-Colmena D, Rodríguez-Castaño A, Lavín-Pérez AM, Del Coso J, Casado A, Collado-Mateo D. Effect of Acute Caffeine Intake on Fat Oxidation Rate during Fed-State Exercise: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2024; 16:207. [PMID: 38257100 PMCID: PMC10819049 DOI: 10.3390/nu16020207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Pre-exercise intake of caffeine (from ~3 to 9 mg/kg) has been demonstrated as an effective supplementation strategy to increase fat oxidation during fasted exercise. However, a pre-exercise meal can alter the potential effect of caffeine on fat oxidation during exercise as caffeine modifies postprandial glycaemic and insulinemic responses. Hypothetically, the effect of caffeine on fat oxidation may be reduced or even withdrawn during fed-state exercise. The present systematic review aimed to meta-analyse investigations on the effect of acute caffeine intake on the rate of fat oxidation during submaximal aerobic exercise performed in the fed state (last meal < 5 h before exercise). A total of 18 crossover trials with randomised and placebo-controlled protocols and published between 1982 and 2021 were included, with a total of 228 participants (185 males and 43 females). Data were extracted to compare rates of fat oxidation during exercise with placebo and caffeine at the same exercise intensity, which reported 20 placebo-caffeine pairwise comparisons. A meta-analysis of the studies was performed, using the standardised mean difference (SMD) estimated from Hedges' g, with 95% confidence intervals (CI). In comparison with the placebo, caffeine increased the rate of fat oxidation during fed-state exercise (number of comparisons (n) = 20; p = 0.020, SMD = 0.65, 95% CI = 0.20 to 1.20). Only studies with a dose < 6 mg/kg of caffeine (n = 13) increased the rate of fat oxidation during fed-state exercise (p = 0.004, SMD = 0.86, 95% CI = 0.27 to 1.45), while no such effect was observed in studies with doses ≥6 mg/kg (n = 7; p = 0.97, SMD = -0.03, 95% CI = -1.40 to 1.35). The effect of caffeine on fat oxidation during fed-state exercise was observed in active untrained individuals (n = 13; p < 0.001, SMD = 0.84, 95% CI = 0.39 to 1.30) but not in aerobically trained participants (n = 7; p = 0.27, SMD = 0.50, 95% CI = -0.39 to 1.39). Likewise, the effect of caffeine on fat oxidation was observed in caffeine-naïve participants (n = 9; p < 0.001, SMD = 0.82, 95% CI = 0.45 to 1.19) but not in caffeine consumers (n = 3; p = 0.54, SMD = 0.57, 95% CI = -1.23 to 2.37). In conclusion, acute caffeine intake in combination with a meal ingested within 5 h before the onset of exercise increased the rate of fat oxidation during submaximal aerobic exercise. The magnitude of the effect of caffeine on fat oxidation during fed-state exercise may be modulated by the dose of caffeine administered (higher with <6 mg/kg than with ≥6 mg/kg), participants' aerobic fitness level (higher in active than in aerobically trained individuals), and habituation to caffeine (higher in caffeine-naïve than in caffeine consumers).
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Fernández-Sánchez
- Sport Sciences Research Centre, Rey Juan Carlos University, 28943 Madrid, Spain; (J.F.-S.); (D.T.-C.); (A.R.-C.); (A.C.); (D.C.-M.)
| | - Daniel Trujillo-Colmena
- Sport Sciences Research Centre, Rey Juan Carlos University, 28943 Madrid, Spain; (J.F.-S.); (D.T.-C.); (A.R.-C.); (A.C.); (D.C.-M.)
| | - Adrián Rodríguez-Castaño
- Sport Sciences Research Centre, Rey Juan Carlos University, 28943 Madrid, Spain; (J.F.-S.); (D.T.-C.); (A.R.-C.); (A.C.); (D.C.-M.)
| | - Ana Myriam Lavín-Pérez
- Sport Sciences Research Centre, Rey Juan Carlos University, 28943 Madrid, Spain; (J.F.-S.); (D.T.-C.); (A.R.-C.); (A.C.); (D.C.-M.)
- GO fitLAB, Ingesport, 28003 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Del Coso
- Sport Sciences Research Centre, Rey Juan Carlos University, 28943 Madrid, Spain; (J.F.-S.); (D.T.-C.); (A.R.-C.); (A.C.); (D.C.-M.)
| | - Arturo Casado
- Sport Sciences Research Centre, Rey Juan Carlos University, 28943 Madrid, Spain; (J.F.-S.); (D.T.-C.); (A.R.-C.); (A.C.); (D.C.-M.)
| | - Daniel Collado-Mateo
- Sport Sciences Research Centre, Rey Juan Carlos University, 28943 Madrid, Spain; (J.F.-S.); (D.T.-C.); (A.R.-C.); (A.C.); (D.C.-M.)
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Cho W, Jung H, Hong S, Yang HI, Park DH, Suh SH, Lee DH, Choe YS, Kim JY, Lee W, Jeon JY. The effect of a short-term ketogenic diet on exercise efficiency during graded exercise in healthy adults. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2023; 20:2264278. [PMID: 37791478 PMCID: PMC10552596 DOI: 10.1080/15502783.2023.2264278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We examined the effects of short-term KD on exercise efficiency and hormonal response during and after the graded exercise testing. METHODS Fourteen untrained healthy adults (8 males, 6 females, age 26.4 ± 3.1 [SD] years; BMI 24.8 ± 4.6 kg/m2; peak VO2max 54.0 ± 5.8 ml/kg FFM/min) completed 3-days of a mixed diet (MD) followed by another 3-days of KD after 3-days of washout period. Upon completion of each diet arm, participants underwent graded exercise testing with low- (LIE; 40% of VO2max), moderate- (MIE; 55%), and high-intensity exercise (HIE; 70%). Exercise efficiency was calculated as work done (kcal/min)/energy expenditure (kcal/min). RESULTS Fat oxidation during the recovery period was higher in KD vs. MD. Despite identical workload during HIE, participants after having KD vs. MD showed higher energy expenditure and lower exercise efficiency (10.1 ± 0.7 vs. 12.5 ± 0.3%, p < .01). After KD, free fatty acid (FFA) concentrations were higher during MIE and recovery vs. resting, and beta-hydroxybutylate (BOHB) was lower at HIE vs. resting. Cortisol concentrations after KD was higher during recovery vs. resting, with no significant changes during graded exercise testing after MD. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that short-term KD is favorable to fat metabolism leading increased circulating FFA and BOHB during LIE to MIE. However, it is notable that KD may cause 1) exercise inefficiency manifested by increased energy expenditure and 2) elevated exercise stress during HIE and recovery. Trial registration: KCT0005172, International Clinical Trials Registry Platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonhee Cho
- Syracuse University, Department of Exercise Science, David B. Falk College of Sport and Human Dynamics, Syracuse, NY, USA
- Yonsei University, Department of Sport Industries, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hwaebong Jung
- Yonsei University, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sunghyun Hong
- Yonsei University, Department of Sport Industries, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyuk In Yang
- Yonsei University, Department of Sport Industries, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dong-Hyuk Park
- Yonsei University, Department of Sport Industries, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang-Hoon Suh
- Yonsei University, Department of Physical Education, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dong Hoon Lee
- Yonsei University, Department of Sport Industries, Seoul, South Korea
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Department of Nutrition, Boston, MA, USA
- Nanyang Technological University, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang, Singapore
| | | | - Joon Young Kim
- Syracuse University, Department of Exercise Science, David B. Falk College of Sport and Human Dynamics, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Wooyoung Lee
- Yonsei University, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Justin Y. Jeon
- Yonsei University, Department of Sport Industries, Seoul, South Korea
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Cancer Prevention Center, Yonsei Cancer Center, Seoul, South Korea
- Yonsei University, Exercise Medicine Center for Diabetes and Cancer Patients, ICONS, Seoul, South Korea
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Yang S, Moon S, Hur SC, Jeong SM. Fatty acid oxidation regulates cellular senescence by modulating the autophagy-SIRT1 axis. BMB Rep 2023; 56:651-656. [PMID: 37679295 PMCID: PMC10761749 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2023-0076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Senescence, a cellular process through which damaged or dysfunctional cells suppress the cell cycle, contributes to aging or age-related functional decline. Cell metabolism has been closely correlated with aging processes, and it has been widely recognized that metabolic changes underlie the cellular alterations that occur with aging. Here, we report that fatty acid oxidation (FAO) serves as a critical regulator of cellular senescence and uncover the underlying mechanism by which FAO inhibition induces senescence. Pharmacological or genetic ablation of FAO results in a p53-dependent induction of cellular senescence in human fibroblasts, whereas enhancing FAO suppresses replicative senescence. We found that FAO inhibition promotes cellular senescence through acetyl-CoA, independent of energy depletion. Mechanistically, increased formation of autophagosomes following FAO inhibition leads to a reduction in SIRT1 protein levels, thereby contributing to senescence induction. Finally, we found that inhibition of autophagy or enforced expression of SIRT1 can rescue the induction of senescence as a result of FAO inhibition. Collectively, our study reveals a distinctive role for the FAO-autophagy-SIRT1 axis in the regulation of cellular senescence. [BMB Reports 2023; 56(12): 651-656].
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungyeon Yang
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, USA
- Institute for Aging and Metabolic Diseases, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, USA
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea, MD 21218, USA
| | - Subin Moon
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, USA
- Institute for Aging and Metabolic Diseases, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, USA
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea, MD 21218, USA
| | - Soojung Claire Hur
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Seung Min Jeong
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, USA
- Institute for Aging and Metabolic Diseases, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, USA
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea, MD 21218, USA
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Ramírez-Vélez R, Oscoz-Ochandorena S, García-Alonso Y, García-Alonso N, Legarra-Gorgoñon G, Oteiza J, Lorea AE, Izquierdo M, Correa-Rodríguez M. Maximal oxidative capacity during exercise is associated with muscle power output in patients with long coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) syndrome. A moderation analysis. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2023; 58:253-262. [PMID: 38057014 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2023.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Long COVID syndrome (LCS) involves persistent symptoms experienced by many patients after recovering from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We aimed to assess skeletal muscle energy metabolism, which is closely related to substrate oxidation rates during exercise, in patients with LCS compared with healthy controls. We also examined whether muscle power output mediates the relationship between COVID-19 and skeletal muscle energy metabolism. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, we enrolled 71 patients with LCS and 63 healthy controls. We assessed clinical characteristics such as body composition, physical activity, and muscle strength. We used cardiopulmonary exercise testing to evaluate substrate oxidation rates during graded exercise. We performed statistical analyses to compare group characteristics and peak fat oxidation differences based on power output. RESULTS The two-way analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) results, adjusted for covariates, showed that the patients with LCS had lower absolute maximal fatty acid oxidation (MFO), relative MFO/fat free mass (FFM), absolute carbohydrates oxidation (CHox), relative CHox/FFM, and oxygen uptake (V˙˙O2) at maximum fat oxidation (g min-1) than the healthy controls (P < 0.05). Moderation analysis indicated that muscle power output significantly influenced the relationship between LCS and reduced peak fat oxidation (interaction β = -0.105 [95% confidence interval -0.174; -0.036]; P = 0.026). Therefore, when muscle power output was below 388 W, the effect of the LCS on MFO was significant (62% in our study sample P = 0.010). These findings suggest compromised mitochondrial bioenergetics and muscle function, represented by lower peak fat oxidation rates, in the patients with LCS compared with the healthy controls. CONCLUSION The patients with LCS had lower peak fat oxidation during exercise compared with the healthy controls, potentially indicating impairment in skeletal muscle function. The relationship between peak fat oxidation and LCS appears to be mediated predominantly by muscle power output. Additional research should continue investigating LCS pathogenesis and the functional role of mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robinson Ramírez-Vélez
- Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain; CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Sergio Oscoz-Ochandorena
- Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Yesenia García-Alonso
- Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Nora García-Alonso
- Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Gaizka Legarra-Gorgoñon
- Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Julio Oteiza
- Servicio de Medicina Interna. Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ander Ernaga Lorea
- Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutricion. Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Mikel Izquierdo
- Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain; CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Correa-Rodríguez
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; Biosanitary Research Institute (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
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Yang S, Moon S, Hur SC, Jeong SM. Fatty acid oxidation regulates cellular senescence by modulating the autophagy-SIRT1 axis. BMB Rep 2023; 56:651-656. [PMID: 37679295 PMCID: PMC10761749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Senescence, a cellular process through which damaged or dysfunctional cells suppress the cell cycle, contributes to aging or age-related functional decline. Cell metabolism has been closely correlated with aging processes, and it has been widely recognized that metabolic changes underlie the cellular alterations that occur with aging. Here, we report that fatty acid oxidation (FAO) serves as a critical regulator of cellular senescence and uncover the underlying mechanism by which FAO inhibition induces senescence. Pharmacological or genetic ablation of FAO results in a p53-dependent induction of cellular senescence in human fibroblasts, whereas enhancing FAO suppresses replicative senescence. We found that FAO inhibition promotes cellular senescence through acetyl-CoA, independent of energy depletion. Mechanistically, increased formation of autophagosomes following FAO inhibition leads to a reduction in SIRT1 protein levels, thereby contributing to senescence induction. Finally, we found that inhibition of autophagy or enforced expression of SIRT1 can rescue the induction of senescence as a result of FAO inhibition. Collectively, our study reveals a distinctive role for the FAO-autophagy-SIRT1 axis in the regulation of cellular senescence. [BMB Reports 2023; 56(12): 651-656].
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungyeon Yang
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, USA
- Institute for Aging and Metabolic Diseases, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, USA
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea, MD 21218, USA
| | - Subin Moon
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, USA
- Institute for Aging and Metabolic Diseases, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, USA
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea, MD 21218, USA
| | - Soojung Claire Hur
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Seung Min Jeong
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, USA
- Institute for Aging and Metabolic Diseases, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, USA
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea, MD 21218, USA
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de Souza Marques DC, dos Santos Moraes LR, de Souza Marques MG, Ryal JJ, Santos IC, De Paula Silva Lalucci MP, Mota J, Valdés-Badilla P, Westphal Nardo G, Magnani Branco BH. Effects of 12 Weeks of Family and Individual Multi-Disciplinary Intervention in Overweight and Obese Adolescents under Cardiometabolic Risk Parameters: A Clinical Trial. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6954. [PMID: 37887692 PMCID: PMC10606176 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20206954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Adolescence is a complex period of human development in which young people are susceptible to unhealthy behaviors, such as physical inactivity and an unbalanced diet. This study aimed to analyze the effects of 12 weeks of multi-disciplinary family and individual intervention on cardiometabolic risk parameters in overweight and obese adolescents and compare sub-groups, considering possible differences between sexes (males vs. females vs. intervention approach). Forty-three adolescents (13.73 ± 2.46 years old) of both sexes were divided into two groups: family group (FG) (n = 21; 14.24 ± 2.61 years old) and individual group (IG) (n = 22; 13.23 ± 2.27 years old). The following parameters were evaluated: anthropometry (body weight, height, waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), abdominal circumference (AC), calculation of body mass index (BMI), and waist-hip ratio (WHR)), body composition (fat mass (FM), lean mass (LM), fat-free mass (FFM), skeletal muscle mass (SMM), body fat percentage (BF), and visceral fat), biochemical measures (fasting glucose, triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoproteins (LDL-c), and high-density lipoproteins (HDL-c)), and the measurement of systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP) before and after the interventions. The multi-disciplinary interventions occurred for 12 weeks (three days a week lasting 1 h and 30 min, in which 30 min were dedicated to theoretical interventions (nutrition: nutritional education and psychology: psychoeducation) and 1 h to physical exercises. A time effect was observed for LM, FFM, SMM, FM, and HDL-c, with higher values after intervention and a significant decrease for FM, BF, visceral fat, fasting glucose, TG, TC, LDL-c, and DBP (p < 0.05). However, no group, sub-group, or interaction effects were observed when comparing FG, IG, or sexes (p > 0.05). The responses of the present study show that both multi-disciplinary approaches (family and individual) promoted improvement in the body composition indicators, biochemical markers, and DBP of overweight and obese adolescents independently of the intervention group. Given this finding, health professionals, families, and adolescents could choose the type of intervention based on their preferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Déborah Cristina de Souza Marques
- Postgraduate Program in Health Promotion, Cesumar University, Maringá 87050-390, Brazil; (D.C.d.S.M.); (L.R.d.S.M.); (M.G.d.S.M.); (J.J.R.); (M.P.D.P.S.L.); (B.H.M.B.)
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Intervention in Health Promotion, Cesumar Institute of Science, Maringá 87050-390, Brazil;
| | - Lilian Rosana dos Santos Moraes
- Postgraduate Program in Health Promotion, Cesumar University, Maringá 87050-390, Brazil; (D.C.d.S.M.); (L.R.d.S.M.); (M.G.d.S.M.); (J.J.R.); (M.P.D.P.S.L.); (B.H.M.B.)
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Intervention in Health Promotion, Cesumar Institute of Science, Maringá 87050-390, Brazil;
| | - Marilene Ghiraldi de Souza Marques
- Postgraduate Program in Health Promotion, Cesumar University, Maringá 87050-390, Brazil; (D.C.d.S.M.); (L.R.d.S.M.); (M.G.d.S.M.); (J.J.R.); (M.P.D.P.S.L.); (B.H.M.B.)
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Intervention in Health Promotion, Cesumar Institute of Science, Maringá 87050-390, Brazil;
| | - Joed Jacinto Ryal
- Postgraduate Program in Health Promotion, Cesumar University, Maringá 87050-390, Brazil; (D.C.d.S.M.); (L.R.d.S.M.); (M.G.d.S.M.); (J.J.R.); (M.P.D.P.S.L.); (B.H.M.B.)
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Intervention in Health Promotion, Cesumar Institute of Science, Maringá 87050-390, Brazil;
| | - Isabella Caroline Santos
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Intervention in Health Promotion, Cesumar Institute of Science, Maringá 87050-390, Brazil;
| | - Marielle Priscila De Paula Silva Lalucci
- Postgraduate Program in Health Promotion, Cesumar University, Maringá 87050-390, Brazil; (D.C.d.S.M.); (L.R.d.S.M.); (M.G.d.S.M.); (J.J.R.); (M.P.D.P.S.L.); (B.H.M.B.)
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Intervention in Health Promotion, Cesumar Institute of Science, Maringá 87050-390, Brazil;
| | - Jorge Mota
- Research Centre of Physical Activity, Health, and Leisure, Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Faculty of Sports, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Pablo Valdés-Badilla
- Department of Physical Activity Sciences, Faculty of Education Sciences, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca 3530000, Chile;
- Sports Coach Career, School of Education, Universidad Viña del Mar, Vinã del Mar 2520000, Chile
| | - Greice Westphal Nardo
- Department of Physical Activity Sciences, Faculty of Education Sciences, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca 3530000, Chile;
| | - Braulio Henrique Magnani Branco
- Postgraduate Program in Health Promotion, Cesumar University, Maringá 87050-390, Brazil; (D.C.d.S.M.); (L.R.d.S.M.); (M.G.d.S.M.); (J.J.R.); (M.P.D.P.S.L.); (B.H.M.B.)
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Intervention in Health Promotion, Cesumar Institute of Science, Maringá 87050-390, Brazil;
- Research Centre of Physical Activity, Health, and Leisure, Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Faculty of Sports, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal;
- Medicine Course, Department of Health Sciences, Cesumar University, Maringá 87050-390, Brazil
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D'Alleva M, Lazzer S, Tringali G, De Micheli R, Bondesan A, Abbruzzese L, Sartorio A. Effects of combined training or moderate intensity continuous training during a 3-week multidisciplinary body weight reduction program on cardiorespiratory fitness, body composition, and substrate oxidation rate in adolescents with obesity. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17609. [PMID: 37848570 PMCID: PMC10582026 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44953-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of combined training (COMB, a combination of moderate-intensity continuous training-MICT and high-intensity interval training-HIIT) vs. continuous MICT administered during a 3-week in-hospital body weight reduction program (BWRP) on body composition, physical capacities, and substrate oxidation in adolescents with obesity. The 3-week in-hospital BWRP entailed moderate energy restriction, nutritional education, psychological counseling, and two different protocols of physical exercise. Twenty-one male adolescents with obesity (mean age: 16.1 ± 1.5 years; mean body mass index [BMI] 37.8 ± 4.5 kg m-2) participated in this randomized control trial study (n:10 for COMB, n:11 MICT), attending ~ 30 training sessions. The COMB group performed 3 repetitions of 2 min at 95% of peak oxygen uptake (V'O2 peak) (e.g., HIIT ≤ 20%), followed by 30 min at 60% of V'O2 peak (e.g., MICT ≥ 80%). Body composition, V'O2 peak, basal metabolic rate (BMR), energy expenditure, and substrate oxidation rate were measured during the first week (W0) and at the end of three weeks of training (W3). The two training programs were equivalent in caloric expenditure. At W3, body mass (BM) and fat mass (FM) decreased significantly in both groups, although the decrease in BM was significantly greater in the MICT group than in the COMB group (BM: - 5.0 ± 1.2 vs. - 8.4 ± 1.5, P < 0.05; FM: - 4.3 ± 3.0 vs. - 4.2 ± 1.9 kg, P < 0.05). V'O2 peak increased only in the COMB by a mean of 0.28 ± 0.22 L min-1 (P < 0.05). The maximal fat oxidation rate (MFO) increased only in the COMB group by 0.04 ± 0.03 g min-1 (P < 0.05). COMB training represents a viable alternative to MICT for improving anthropometric characteristics, physical capacities, and MFO in adolescents with obesity during a 3-week in-hospital BWRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia D'Alleva
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, P.le Kolbe 4, 33100, Udine, Italy.
- School of Sport Science, University of Udine, Udine, Italy.
| | - Stefano Lazzer
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, P.le Kolbe 4, 33100, Udine, Italy
- School of Sport Science, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Gabriella Tringali
- Experimental Laboratory for Auxo-endocrinological Research, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Piancavallo-Verbania, Italy
| | - Roberta De Micheli
- Experimental Laboratory for Auxo-endocrinological Research, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Piancavallo-Verbania, Italy
| | - Adele Bondesan
- Experimental Laboratory for Auxo-endocrinological Research, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Piancavallo-Verbania, Italy
| | - Laura Abbruzzese
- Experimental Laboratory for Auxo-endocrinological Research, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Piancavallo-Verbania, Italy
| | - Alessandro Sartorio
- Experimental Laboratory for Auxo-endocrinological Research, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Piancavallo-Verbania, Italy
- Experimental Laboratory for Auxo-endocrinological Research, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
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Yin M, Chen Z, Nassis GP, Liu H, Li H, Deng J, Li Y. Chronic high-intensity interval training and moderate-intensity continuous training are both effective in increasing maximum fat oxidation during exercise in overweight and obese adults: A meta-analysis. J Exerc Sci Fit 2023; 21:354-365. [PMID: 37701124 PMCID: PMC10494468 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesf.2023.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective to (1) systematically review the chronic effect of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on maximal fat oxidation (MFO) in overweight and obese adults, and (2) explore MFO influencing factors and its dose-response relationships with HIIT and MICT. Methods Studies using a between-group design involving overweight and obese adults and assessing the effect of HIIT and MICT on MFO were included. A meta-analysis on MFO indices was conducted, and the observed heterogeneities were explored through subgroup, regression, and sensitivity analyses. Results Thirteen studies of moderate to high quality with a total of 519 overweight and obese subjects were included in this meta-analysis (HIIT, n = 136; MICT, n = 235; Control, n = 148). HIIT displayed a statistically significant favorable effect on MFO compared to no-training (MD = 0.07; 95%CI [0.03 to 0.11]; I2 = 0%). Likewise, MICT displayed a statistically significant favorable effect on MFO compared to no-training (MD = 0.10; 95%CI [0.06 to 0.15]; I2 = 95%). Subgroup and regression analyses revealed that exercise intensity (Fatmax vs. non-Fatmax; %VO2peak), exercise mode, BMI, and VO2peak all significantly moderated MICT on MFO. When analyzing studies that have directly compared HIIT and MCIT in obese people, it seems there is no difference in the MFO change (MD = 0.01; 95%CI [-0.02 to 0.04]; I2 = 64%). No publication bias was found in any of the above meta-analyses (Egger's test p > 0.05 for all). Conclusion Both HIIT and MICT are effective in improving MFO in overweight and obese adults, and they have similar effects. MCIT with an intensity of 65-70% VO2peak, performed 3 times per week for 60 min per session, will optimize MFO increases in overweight and obese adults. Given the lack of studies examining the effect of HIIT on MFO in overweight and obese adults and the great diversity in the training protocols in the existing studies, we were unable to make sound recommendations for training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyue Yin
- School of Athletic Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhili Chen
- School of Athletic Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - George P. Nassis
- Department of Physical Education, College of Education, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Sport and Health Sciences Cluster (SHSC), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Hengxian Liu
- School of Athletic Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Hansen Li
- Department of Physical Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianfeng Deng
- School of Athletic Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongming Li
- School of Athletic Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
- China Institute of Sport Science, Beijing, China
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22
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Fortin M, Rye M, Roussac A, Montpetit C, Burdick J, Naghdi N, Rosenstein B, Bertrand C, Macedo LG, Elliott JM, Dover G, DeMont R, Weber MH, Pepin V. The Effects of Combined Motor Control and Isolated Extensor Strengthening versus General Exercise on Paraspinal Muscle Morphology, Composition, and Function in Patients with Chronic Low Back Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Clin Med 2023; 12:5920. [PMID: 37762861 PMCID: PMC10532355 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12185920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Low back pain (LBP), a globally widespread and persistent musculoskeletal disorder, benefits from exercise therapy. However, it remains unclear which type leads to greater changes in paraspinal muscle health. This study aimed to (1) compare the effects of a combined motor control and isolated lumbar extension exercise (MC+ILEX) versus a general exercise (GE) intervention on paraspinal muscle morphology, composition, and function, and (2) examine whether alterations in paraspinal muscle health were correlated with improvements in pain, function, and quality of life. Fifty participants with chronic LBP were randomly assigned to each group and underwent a 12-week supervised intervention program. Magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasound assessments were acquired at baseline, 6 and 12 weeks to examine the impact of each intervention on erector spinae (ES) and multifidus (MF) muscle size (cross-sectional area, CSA), composition, and function at L4-L5 and L5-S1. Self-reported questionnaires were also acquired to assess participant-oriented outcomes. Our findings indicated that the MC+ILEX group demonstrated greater improvements in MF and ES CSA, along with MF thickness at both levels (all p < 0.01). Both groups significantly improved in pain, function, and quality of life. This study provided preliminary results suggesting that an MC+ILEX intervention may improve paraspinal morphology while decreasing pain and disability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryse Fortin
- Department of Health, Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC H4B 1R6, Canada; (M.R.); (A.R.); (C.M.); (J.B.); (N.N.); (B.R.); (C.B.); (G.D.); (R.D.); (V.P.)
- School of Health, Concordia University, Montreal, QC H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Meaghan Rye
- Department of Health, Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC H4B 1R6, Canada; (M.R.); (A.R.); (C.M.); (J.B.); (N.N.); (B.R.); (C.B.); (G.D.); (R.D.); (V.P.)
| | - Alexa Roussac
- Department of Health, Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC H4B 1R6, Canada; (M.R.); (A.R.); (C.M.); (J.B.); (N.N.); (B.R.); (C.B.); (G.D.); (R.D.); (V.P.)
| | - Chanelle Montpetit
- Department of Health, Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC H4B 1R6, Canada; (M.R.); (A.R.); (C.M.); (J.B.); (N.N.); (B.R.); (C.B.); (G.D.); (R.D.); (V.P.)
| | - Jessica Burdick
- Department of Health, Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC H4B 1R6, Canada; (M.R.); (A.R.); (C.M.); (J.B.); (N.N.); (B.R.); (C.B.); (G.D.); (R.D.); (V.P.)
| | - Neda Naghdi
- Department of Health, Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC H4B 1R6, Canada; (M.R.); (A.R.); (C.M.); (J.B.); (N.N.); (B.R.); (C.B.); (G.D.); (R.D.); (V.P.)
| | - Brent Rosenstein
- Department of Health, Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC H4B 1R6, Canada; (M.R.); (A.R.); (C.M.); (J.B.); (N.N.); (B.R.); (C.B.); (G.D.); (R.D.); (V.P.)
| | - Cleo Bertrand
- Department of Health, Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC H4B 1R6, Canada; (M.R.); (A.R.); (C.M.); (J.B.); (N.N.); (B.R.); (C.B.); (G.D.); (R.D.); (V.P.)
| | - Luciana G. Macedo
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 1C7, Canada;
| | - James M. Elliott
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Health Sciences, The Kolling Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia;
- Northern Sydney Local Health District, St. Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
| | - Geoffrey Dover
- Department of Health, Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC H4B 1R6, Canada; (M.R.); (A.R.); (C.M.); (J.B.); (N.N.); (B.R.); (C.B.); (G.D.); (R.D.); (V.P.)
| | - Richard DeMont
- Department of Health, Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC H4B 1R6, Canada; (M.R.); (A.R.); (C.M.); (J.B.); (N.N.); (B.R.); (C.B.); (G.D.); (R.D.); (V.P.)
| | - Michael H. Weber
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H3J 1A4, Canada;
| | - Véronique Pepin
- Department of Health, Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC H4B 1R6, Canada; (M.R.); (A.R.); (C.M.); (J.B.); (N.N.); (B.R.); (C.B.); (G.D.); (R.D.); (V.P.)
- School of Health, Concordia University, Montreal, QC H4B 1R6, Canada
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23
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Bertrand É, Caru M, Morel S, Bergeron Parenteau A, Belanger V, Laverdière C, Krajinovic M, Sinnett D, Levy E, Marcil V, Curnier D. Substrate oxidation during exercise in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia survivors. Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2023; 40:701-718. [PMID: 37440691 DOI: 10.1080/08880018.2023.2232399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) are at high risk of developing long-term cardiometabolic complications during their survivorship. Maximal fat oxidation (MFO) is a marker during exercise of cardiometabolic health, and is associated with metabolic risk factors. Our aim was to characterize the carbohydrate and fat oxidation during exercise in childhood ALL survivors. Indirect calorimetry was measured in 250 childhood ALL survivors to quantify substrate oxidation rates during a cardiopulmonary exercise test. A best-fit third-order polynomial curve was computed for fat oxidation rate (mg/min) against exercise intensity (%V ̇ O2peak) and was used to determine the MFO and the peak fat oxidation (Fatmax). The crossover point was also identified. Differences between prognostic risk groups were assessed (ie, standard risk [SR], high risk with and without cardio-protective agent dexrazoxane [HR + DEX and HR]). MFO, Fatmax and crossover point were not different between the groups (p = .078; p = .765; p = .726). Fatmax and crossover point were achieved at low exercise intensities. A higher MFO was achieved by men in the SR group (287.8 ± 111.2 mg/min) compared to those in HR + DEX (239.8 ± 97.0 mg/min) and HR groups (229.3 ± 98.9 mg/min) (p = .04). Childhood ALL survivors have low fat oxidation during exercise and oxidize carbohydrates at low exercise intensities, independently of the cumulative doses of doxorubicin they received. These findings alert clinicians on the long-term impact of cancer treatments on childhood ALL survivors' substrate oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Émilie Bertrand
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology of EXercise (LPEX), School of Kinesiology and Physical Activity Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Sainte-Justine University Health Center, Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Maxime Caru
- Sainte-Justine University Health Center, Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Polytechnique Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sophia Morel
- Sainte-Justine University Health Center, Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Nutrition, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Veronique Belanger
- Sainte-Justine University Health Center, Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Nutrition, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Caroline Laverdière
- Sainte-Justine University Health Center, Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Maja Krajinovic
- Sainte-Justine University Health Center, Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Daniel Sinnett
- Sainte-Justine University Health Center, Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Emile Levy
- Sainte-Justine University Health Center, Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Nutrition, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Valérie Marcil
- Sainte-Justine University Health Center, Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Nutrition, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Daniel Curnier
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology of EXercise (LPEX), School of Kinesiology and Physical Activity Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Sainte-Justine University Health Center, Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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24
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Wang D, Zhang P, Li J. Crossover point and maximal fat oxidation training effects on blood lipid metabolism in young overweight women: a pilot study. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1190109. [PMID: 37398909 PMCID: PMC10311904 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1190109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To determine the effects of weight reduction schemes using the exercise intensities corresponding to maximal fat oxidation (FATmax) and crossover point (COP). The effects of different intervention protocols on blood lipid metabolism were compared to explore how fat can be consumed and used more efficiently and provide a theoretical basis for weight loss through exercise. Methods: This study included 30 young overweight women randomly divided into the COP, FATmax, and control groups. Participants in the COP and FATmax groups exercised for 45 min four times a week for 8 weeks after the individual treadmill exercise test. The control group did not perform any exercise. Results: After 8 weeks of training, participants in the COP group significantly decreased weight (2.6 ± 3.3 kg), body mass index (0.91 ± 1.26 kg/m2), body fat percentage (1.21% ± 1.50%), and fat mass (1.90 ± 2.30 kg) (p < 0.05). They also had significantly decreased hip circumference (4.8 ± 3.3 cm), serum apolipoprotein B (ApoB) levels (15.48 ± 14.19 mg/dL), and ApoB/apolipoprotein AI (ApoAI) ratios (0.47 ± 0.37) (p < 0.01). However, their serum ApoAI levels were significantly increased (14.18 ± 10.24 mg/dL; p < 0.01). Participants in the FATmax group had significantly decreased hip circumference (2.4 ± 2.0 cm), serum ApoB levels (14.49 ± 11.00 mg/dL), and ApoB/ApoAI ratios (0.59 ± 0.30) (p < 0.01) but significantly increased serum ApoAI levels (29.53 ± 13.29 mg/dL; p < 0.01). No significant changes in physiological indexes were observed in participants in the control group. Conclusion: Personalised exercise intervention positively affected central obesity, effectively improving blood lipid metabolism and fat oxidation, reducing cardiovascular disease risk in young overweight women. COP training improved weight and body composition better than the FATmax exercise, while the latter provided greater improvements in serum ApoAI levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dizhi Wang
- School of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
- Division of Sports Science and Physical Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Peizhen Zhang
- School of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Li
- School of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
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25
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da Silva LR, Stefani GP, Dorneles GP, Marcadenti A, Dal Lago P. Pre-exercise meal on oxidation of energy substrates during maximal exercise test in non-trained individuals. ARCHIVES OF ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM 2023; 67:e000618. [PMID: 37249453 PMCID: PMC10665054 DOI: 10.20945/2359-3997000000618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to compare the influence of a high carbohydrate meal versus high-fat meal on the oxidation of substrates during an exercise incremental test. Materials and methods Ten untrained male subjects underwent two days of the protocol. Randomly, they received a high carbohydrate meal or a high-fat meal, receiving the other one in the next protocol. On both days, they performed an incremental treadmill test, with heart rate and maximal oxygen consumption to estimate the oxidation of substrates. Results The high-fat meal showed an increase in the absolute amount of oxidized fat along with the incremental test (P < 0.05; effect size = 0.9528), and a reduction in the respiratory exchange ratio at low intensities (P < 0.05; effect size = 0.7765). Conclusion The meals presented no difference when compared to maximum oxidation point of substrates, the oxidation rate of substrates over time, and heart rate. A pre-test high-fat meal in untrained individuals was shown to be a modulating factor of total oxidized fats throughout the exercise, although it did not exert a significant effect on the rate of this oxidation over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Ribeiro da Silva
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Experimental, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
- Instituto de Pesquisas, Hospital do Coração (IP-HCor), São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Giuseppe Potrick Stefani
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Experimental, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil,
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Reabilitação, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Gilson Pires Dorneles
- Laboratório de Imunologia Celular e Molecular, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Aline Marcadenti
- Instituto de Pesquisas, Hospital do Coração (IP-HCor), São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Pedro Dal Lago
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Experimental, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Reabilitação, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
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Beckner ME, Thompson L, Radcliffe PN, Cherian R, Wilson M, Barringer N, Margolis LM, Karl JP. Sex differences in body composition and serum metabolome responses to sustained, physical training suggest enhanced fat oxidation in women compared with men. Physiol Genomics 2023; 55:235-247. [PMID: 37012051 PMCID: PMC10190831 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00180.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Sex differences in energy metabolism during acute, submaximal exercise are well documented. Whether these sex differences influence metabolic and physiological responses to sustained, physically demanding activities is not well characterized. This study aimed to identify sex differences within changes in the serum metabolome in relation to changes in body composition, physical performance, and circulating markers of endocrine and metabolic status during a 17-day military training exercise. Blood was collected, and body composition and lower body power were measured before and after the training on 72 cadets (18 women). Total daily energy expenditure (TDEE) was assessed using doubly labeled water in a subset throughout. TDEE was greater in men (4,085 ± 482 kcal/d) than in women (2,982 ± 472 kcal/d, P < 0.001), but not after adjustment for dry lean mass (DLM). Men tended to lose more DLM than women (mean change [95% CI]: -0.2[-0.3, -0.1] vs. -0.0[-0.0, 0.0] kg, P = 0.063, Cohen's d = 0.50) and have greater reductions in lower body power (-244[-314, -174] vs. -130[-209, -51] W, P = 0.085, d = 0.49). Reductions in DLM and lower body power were correlated (r = 0.325, P = 0.006). Women demonstrated greater fat oxidation than men (Δfat mass/DLM: -0.20[-0.24, -0.17] vs. -0.15[-0.17, -0.13] kg, P = 0.012, d = 0.64). Metabolites within pathways of fatty acid, endocannabinoid, lysophospholipid, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, and plasmalogen metabolism increased in women relative to men. Independent of sex, changes in metabolites related to lipid metabolism were inversely associated with changes in body mass and positively associated with changes in endocrine and metabolic status. These data suggest that during sustained military training, women preferentially mobilize fat stores compared with men, which may be beneficial for mitigating loss of lean mass and lower body power.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Women preferentially mobilize fat stores compared with men in response to sustained, physically demanding military training, as evidenced by increased lipid metabolites and enhanced fat oxidation, which may be beneficial for mitigating loss of lean mass and lower body power.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meaghan E Beckner
- U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, Massachusetts, United States
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, United States
| | - Lauren Thompson
- U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Patrick N Radcliffe
- U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, Massachusetts, United States
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, United States
| | - Rebecca Cherian
- U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Marques Wilson
- U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Nicholas Barringer
- Medical Center of Excellence, Joint Base San Antonio-Fort Sam Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Lee M Margolis
- U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, Massachusetts, United States
| | - J Philip Karl
- U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, Massachusetts, United States
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Almuraikhy S, Anwardeen N, Doudin A, Sellami M, Domling A, Agouni A, Al Thani AA, Elrayess MA. The Metabolic Switch of Physical Activity in Non-Obese Insulin Resistant Individuals. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097816. [PMID: 37175541 PMCID: PMC10178125 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Healthy non-obese insulin resistant (IR) individuals are at higher risk of metabolic syndrome. The metabolic signature of the increased risk was previously determined. Physical activity can lower the risk of insulin resistance, but the underlying metabolic pathways remain to be determined. In this study, the common and unique metabolic signatures of insulin sensitive (IS) and IR individuals in active and sedentary individuals were determined. Data from 305 young, aged 20-30, non-obese participants from Qatar biobank, were analyzed. The homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and physical activity questionnaires were utilized to classify participants into four groups: Active Insulin Sensitive (ISA, n = 30), Active Insulin Resistant (IRA, n = 20), Sedentary Insulin Sensitive (ISS, n = 21) and Sedentary Insulin Resistant (SIR, n = 23). Differences in the levels of 1000 metabolites between insulin sensitive and insulin resistant individuals in both active and sedentary groups were compared using orthogonal partial least square discriminate analysis (OPLS-DA) and linear models. The study indicated significant differences in fatty acids between individuals with insulin sensitivity and insulin resistance who engaged in physical activity, including monohydroxy, dicarboxylate, medium and long chain, mono and polyunsaturated fatty acids. On the other hand, the sedentary group showed changes in carbohydrates, specifically glucose and pyruvate. Both groups exhibited alterations in 1-carboxyethylphenylalanine. The study revealed different metabolic signature in insulin resistant individuals depending on their physical activity status. Specifically, the active group showed changes in lipid metabolism, while the sedentary group showed alterations in glucose metabolism. These metabolic discrepancies demonstrate the beneficial impact of moderate physical activity on high risk insulin resistant healthy non-obese individuals by flipping their metabolic pathways from glucose based to fat based, ultimately leading to improved health outcomes. The results of this study carry significant implications for the prevention and treatment of metabolic syndrome in non-obese individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamma Almuraikhy
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
- Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, Drug Design, Groningen University, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Najeha Anwardeen
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
| | - Asmma Doudin
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
| | - Maha Sellami
- Physical Education Department (PE), College of Education, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
| | - Alexander Domling
- Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, Drug Design, Groningen University, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Abdelali Agouni
- College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
| | - Asmaa A Al Thani
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Science, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
| | - Mohamed A Elrayess
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
- College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
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28
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Deru LS, Chamberlain CJ, Lance GR, Gipson EZ, Bikman BT, Davidson LE, Tucker LA, Coleman JL, Bailey BW. The Effects of Exercise on Appetite-Regulating Hormone Concentrations over a 36-h Fast in Healthy Young Adults: A Randomized Crossover Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15081911. [PMID: 37111130 PMCID: PMC10142171 DOI: 10.3390/nu15081911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Hunger and satiety are controlled by several physiological mechanisms, including pancreatic and gastrointestinal hormones. While the influence of exercise and fasting have been described individually, in relation to these hormones, there is a paucity of work showing the effects of the two modalities (fasting and exercise) combined. Twenty healthy adults (11 males, 9 females) completed both conditions of this study, each consisting of a 36-h water-only fast. One of the fasts began with treadmill exercise, and the differences between the conditions on various appetite hormones were measured every 12 h. The difference in the area under the curve between conditions for ghrelin was 211.8 ± 73.1 pg/mL (F = 8.40, p < 0.0105), and, for GLP-1, it was -1867.9 ± 850.4 pg/mL (F = 4.82, p < 0.0422). No significant differences were noted for areas under the curve between conditions for leptin, PP, PYY, insulin, or GIP. Initiating a fast with exercise lowers ghrelin concentrations and elevates GLP-1 concentrations. Given that ghrelin elicits feelings of hunger and GLP-1 signals feelings of satiety, adding exercise to the beginning of a fast may reduce some of the biological drive of hunger, which could make fasting more tolerable, leading to better adherence and more significant health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Landon S Deru
- Department of Exercise Science, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | | | - Garrett R Lance
- Department of Exercise Science, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Elizabeth Z Gipson
- Department of Exercise Science, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Benjamin T Bikman
- Department of Cellular Biology and Physiology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Lance E Davidson
- Department of Exercise Science, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Larry A Tucker
- Department of Exercise Science, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Jacob L Coleman
- Department of Exercise Science, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Bruce W Bailey
- Department of Exercise Science, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
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Effects of 12-week combined training versus high intensity interval training on cardiorespiratory fitness, body composition and fat metabolism in obese male adults. J Exerc Sci Fit 2023; 21:193-201. [PMID: 36820014 PMCID: PMC9937988 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesf.2023.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background /Objectives: A weekly combination of a high volume of moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) with a low volume of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) provides important improvements in body composition and physical capacities in individuals with obesity. However, previous studies did not determine the weekly proportions of HIIT and MICT a priori. This study aimed to investigate changes in body composition, physical capacities and the fat oxidation rate in obese male adults by comparing a combination of MICT and HIIT, called combined training (COMB), with HIIT for a 12-week period. Methods Thirty-four obese male adults (mean age: 39.4 ± 7.0 y; mean body mass index [BMI] 34.0 ± 4.2 kg m-2) participated in this study (n = 18 for COMB, n = 16 HIIT), attending ∼ 36 training sessions. The COMB group performed 3 repetitions of 2 min at 95% of peak oxygen uptake (V'O2 peak) (e.g., HIIT ≤20%), followed by 30 min at 60% of VO2 peak (e.g., MICT ≥80%). The HIIT group performed 5-7 repetitions of 2 min at 95% of VO2 peak. At baseline (PRE) and at the end of the training period (POST), body composition, VO2 peak, and the fat oxidation rate were measured. The two training programs were equivalent in caloric expenditure. Results At POST, body mass (BM) and fat mass (FM) decreased by a mean of 3.09 ± 3.21 kg and 3.90 ± 2.40 kg, respectively (P < 0.05), in both groups and V'O2 peak increased in both groups by a mean of 0.47 ± 0.34 L min-1 (P < 0.05). The maximal fat oxidation rate increased similarly in both groups from 0.32 ± 0.05 to 0.36 ± 0.06 g min-1 (P < 0.05). Conclusion COMB training represents a viable alternative to HIIT to improve anthropometric characteristics, physical capacities and fat oxidation in obese male adults.
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30
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Wesselink EO, Pool JJM, Mollema J, Weber KA, Elliott JM, Coppieters MW, Pool-Goudzwaard AL. Is fatty infiltration in paraspinal muscles reversible with exercise in people with low back pain? A systematic review. EUROPEAN SPINE JOURNAL : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE EUROPEAN SPINE SOCIETY, THE EUROPEAN SPINAL DEFORMITY SOCIETY, AND THE EUROPEAN SECTION OF THE CERVICAL SPINE RESEARCH SOCIETY 2023; 32:787-796. [PMID: 36459201 PMCID: PMC10515728 DOI: 10.1007/s00586-022-07471-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Increased fatty infiltration in paraspinal muscles has been recognized as a feature of muscle quality loss in people with Low Back Pain (LBP) and is highly associated with the severity of LBP and dysfunction. Reducing fatty infiltration has been recognized as a rehabilitation aim. An earlier systematic review published in 2014 revealed conflicting evidence for the reversibility of paraspinal muscle quality by means of exercise and no updates have been published since. A new systematic literature search is warranted. METHOD Pubmed, CINAHL and Embase were searched from inception to July 2022. Randomized, non-randomized controlled trials (RCT and non-RCT) and single-arm trials were included if they reported the effect of exercise on paraspinal fatty infiltration in people with LBP. Effect sizes and statistical power were calculated for (1) exercise versus control, and (2) pre-post exercise changes. Available data from the RCTs were pooled via meta-analysis when appropriate. Otherwise, data were synthesized qualitatively. RESULTS Two RCTs, one non-RCT and three single-arm trials met the selection criteria. Data were not pooled due to substantial clinical heterogeneity. Effect sizes from the RCTs revealed no significant difference for exercise versus control. One single-arm trial with high risk of bias demonstrated a significant pre-post difference with moderate effect size, but only at one (T12-L1) of the investigated levels. CONCLUSION Moderate quality evidence is available that paraspinal fatty infiltration is not reversible with exercise in people with LBP. More larger RCT's are needed to draw firmer conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- E O Wesselink
- Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Van Der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - J J M Pool
- Institute of Movement Sciences, HU University of Applied Sciences Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J Mollema
- Institute of Movement Sciences, HU University of Applied Sciences Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - K A Weber
- Systems Neuroscience and Pain Lab, Department of Anaesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - J M Elliott
- The University of Sydney, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Northern Sydney Local Health District, Kolling Research Institute, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - M W Coppieters
- Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Van Der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Brisbane and Gold Coast, Australia
| | - A L Pool-Goudzwaard
- Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Van Der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- SOMT University of Physiotherapy, Amersfoort, The Netherlands
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31
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Shangguan R, Hu Z, Luo Y, Chen M, Lai X, Sun J, Chen S. Intramuscular mitochondrial and lipid metabolic changes of rats after regular high-intensity interval training (HIIT) of different training periods. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:2591-2601. [PMID: 36626064 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-08205-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-intensity Interval Training (HIIT) is a time-efficient form of exercise and has gained popularity in recent years. However, at molecular level, the understanding about the effects of HIIT is not comprehensive, and even less is elucidated about HIIT of different training duration cycles, although different durations always lead to different post-training consequences. METHOD In this study, by training SD rats using HIIT protocols lasting for different training duration cycles, we investigated the adaptive response of intramuscular triglyceride abundance as well as mitochondrial and lipid metabolic changes after HIIT training (2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 weeks). We selected 72 h after the last session of training as the time point of sacrifice. RESULTS The suppressed activation of the cAMP-PKA pathway indicates that skeletal muscle was in the recovery phase at this time point. Intramuscular triglyceride abundance was significantly elevated after 2, 4, and 10 weeks of HIIT. However, the lipid metabolism-related proteins inconsistently changed in a chaotic trend (see Table 1). The expression levels of PGC1-α and COX IV decreased after 2 and 4 weeks of training and raised after 6 and 8 weeks of training. The expression level of citrate synthase (CS) decreased after 2, 4, 8, and 10 weeks of training, and showed an upward trend after 6 weeks of training. While the activity of CS decreased after 2 and 8 weeks of training and showed an upward trend after 6 weeks of HIIT. CONCLUSION Given the abovementioned changing trends, we propose two speculations: (A) the damaged mitochondria oxidation capacity might be one of the causes of IMTG accumulation observed after 2 and 4 weeks of HIIT. This phase might be similar to the condition of type 2 diabetes. (B) after 6-week HIIT, mitochondria function and biogenesis might be improved and the IMTG contents declined to baseline. This might be explained as: mitochondrial enhancement increased the capacity of lipid oxidation and then offset the increase in IMTG achieved during the first 4 weeks. For HIIT Rat Modelling, if the aim is to observe HIIT-induced positive effects, caution should be exercised when considering 2 and 4 weeks of training under our HIIT frame. Also, implementing six-week training is at least effective for mitochondrial enhancement when using similar HIIT frame of this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruonan Shangguan
- Department of Physical Education, Chengdu University, 610106, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqiang Hu
- Institute of Sports Science, Sichuan University, Section 1, Southern Frist Ring Rd, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuzhen Luo
- Institute of Sports Science, Sichuan University, Section 1, Southern Frist Ring Rd, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Chen
- Institute of Sports Science, Sichuan University, Section 1, Southern Frist Ring Rd, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangdeng Lai
- Institute of Sports Science, Sichuan University, Section 1, Southern Frist Ring Rd, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingquan Sun
- Institute of Sports Science, Sichuan University, Section 1, Southern Frist Ring Rd, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, People's Republic of China.,Department of Physical Education, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Siyu Chen
- Institute of Sports Science, Sichuan University, Section 1, Southern Frist Ring Rd, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, People's Republic of China.
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Welhaven HD, Welfley AH, Pershad P, Satalich J, O’Connell R, Bothner B, Vap AR, June RK. Metabolomic Phenotypes Reflect Patient Sex and Injury Status: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Human Synovial Fluid. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.03.527040. [PMID: 36846378 PMCID: PMC9959930 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.03.527040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) is caused by knee injuries like anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries. Often, ACL injuries are accompanied by damage to other tissues and structures within the knee including the meniscus. Both are known to cause PTOA but underlying cellular mechanisms driving disease remain unknown. Aside from injury, patient sex is a prevalent risk factor associated with PTOA. Hypothesis Metabolic phenotypes of synovial fluid that differ by knee injury pathology and participant sex will be distinct from each other. Study Design A cross-sectional study. Methods Synovial fluid from n=33 knee arthroscopy patients between 18 and 70 years with no prior knee injuries was obtained pre-procedure and injury pathology assigned post-procedure. Synovial fluid was extracted and analyzed via liquid chromatography mass spectrometry metabolomic profiling to examine differences in metabolism between injury pathologies and participant sex. Additionally, samples were pooled and underwent fragmentation to identify metabolites. Results Metabolite profiles revealed that injury pathology phenotypes were distinct from each other where differences in endogenous repair pathways that are triggered post-injury were detected. Specifically, acute differences in metabolism mapped to amino acid metabolism, lipid-related oxidative metabolism, and inflammatory-associated pathways. Lastly, sexual dimorphic metabolic phenotypes were examined between male and female participants, and within injury pathology. Specifically, Cervonyl Carnitine and other identified metabolites differed in concentration between sexes. Conclusions The results of this study suggest that different injuries (e.g., ligament vs. meniscus), as well as sex are associated with distinct metabolic phenotypes. Considering these phenotypic associations, a greater understanding of metabolic mechanisms associated with specific injuries and PTOA development may yield data regarding how endogenous repair pathways differ between injury types. Furthermore, ongoing metabolomic analysis of synovial fluid in injured male and female patients can be performed to monitor PTOA development and progression. Clinical Relevance Extension of this work may potentially lead to the identification of biomarkers as well as drug targets that slow, stop, or reverse PTOA progression based on injury type and patient sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hope D. Welhaven
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman MT
| | - Avery H. Welfley
- Department of Microbiology & Cell Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman MT
| | - Prayag Pershad
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond VA
| | - James Satalich
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond VA
| | - Robert O’Connell
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond VA
| | - Brian Bothner
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman MT
| | - Alexander R. Vap
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond VA
| | - Ronald K. June
- Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman MT
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Matomäki P, Heinonen OJ, Nummela A, Laukkanen J, Auvinen EP, Pirkola L, Kyröläinen H. Durability is improved by both low and high intensity endurance training. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1128111. [PMID: 36875044 PMCID: PMC9977827 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1128111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: This is one of the first intervention studies to examine how low- (LIT) and high-intensity endurance training (HIT) affect durability, defined as 'time of onset and magnitude of deterioration in physiological-profiling characteristics over time during prolonged exercise'. Methods: Sedentary and recreationally active men (n = 16) and women (n = 19) completed either LIT (average weekly training time 6.8 ± 0.7 h) or HIT (1.6 ± 0.2 h) cycling for 10 weeks. Durability was analyzed before and after the training period from three factors during 3-h cycling at 48% of pretraining maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max): 1) by the magnitude and 2) onset of drifts (i.e. gradual change in energy expenditure, heart rate, rate of perceived exertion, ventilation, left ventricular ejection time, and stroke volume), 3) by the 'physiological strain', defined to be the absolute responses of heart rate and its variability, lactate, and rate of perceived exertion. Results: When all three factors were averaged the durability was improved similarly (time x group p = 0.42) in both groups (LIT: p = 0.03, g = 0.49; HIT: p = 0.01, g = 0.62). In the LIT group, magnitude of average of drifts and their onset did not reach statistically significance level of p < 0.05 (magnitude: 7.7 ± 6.8% vs. 6.3 ± 6.0%, p = 0.09, g = 0.27; onset: 106 ± 57 min vs. 131 ± 59 min, p = 0.08, g = 0.58), while averaged physiological strain improved (p = 0.01, g = 0.60). In HIT, both magnitude and onset decreased (magnitude: 8.8 ± 7.9% vs. 5.4 ± 6.7%, p = 0.03, g = 0.49; onset: 108 ± 54 min vs. 137 ± 57 min, p = 0.03, g = 0.61), and physiological strain improved (p = 0.005, g = 0.78). VO2max increased only after HIT (time x group p < 0.001, g = 1.51). Conclusion: Durability improved similarly by both LIT and HIT based on reduced physiological drifts, their postponed onsets, and changes in physiological strain. Despite durability enhanced among untrained people, a 10-week intervention did not alter drifts and their onsets in a large amount, even though it attenuated physiological strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pekka Matomäki
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.,Paavo Nurmi Centre & Unit for Health and Physical Activity, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Olli J Heinonen
- Paavo Nurmi Centre & Unit for Health and Physical Activity, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Ari Nummela
- Finnish Institute of High Performance Sport KIHU, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Jari Laukkanen
- Central Finland Healthcare District, Department of Medicine, Jyväskylä, Finland.,Department of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Eero-Pekka Auvinen
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Leena Pirkola
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Heikki Kyröläinen
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
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Carrillo‐Arango HA, Atencio‐Osorio MA, López‐Álban CA, Nava‐González EJ, Correa‐Rodríguez M, Izquierdo M, Ramírez‐Vélez R. Metabolic responses to acute sprint interval exercise training performed after an oral 75-gram glucose load in individuals with overweight/obesity. Physiol Rep 2023; 11:e15555. [PMID: 36695728 PMCID: PMC9875746 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
There is evidence supporting that acute sprint interval training (SIT) might improve metabolic responses to postprandial glucose, but results are inconclusive. The aim of the present study was to explore the effects of acute SIT on metabolic response and substrate utilization in individuals with overweight/obesity after an oral 75-gram glucose challenge. Thirty-three participants with overweight/ obesity (32.7 ± 8.3 years, 24 male, 9 female) participated in the study and a crossover design was followed. After the 75-gram glucose load, participants were randomly allocated to two groups: no exercise (resting) or SIT protocol. Metabolic data including respiratory quotient (RQ) and substrate utilization rates (fats and carbohydrates) were collected using the COSMED Q-NRG + ® calorimeter. The RQ was significantly lower in the acute SIT group (0.76 [0.01]; p < 0.0001) than in the resting group (0.80 [0.01]; p = 0.036) at the 120-min postprandial time point, and the RQ area under the curve (AUC) was also lower in the SIT group (mean difference of -6.62, 95% CI -12.00 to -1.24; p = 0.0161). The contribution of fat to energy expenditure increased after SIT during the postprandial period whereas the contribution of carbohydrates decreased. The AUC for fat contribution was significantly higher (mean difference 2311.9, 95% confidence interval [CI] 578.8 to 4043.3; p = 0.0098) and the AUC for carbohydrate contribution was significantly lower (mean difference -2283.1, 95% CI -4040.2 to -527.1; p = 0.0117) in the SIT group than in the resting group. In conclusions, acute SIT might have a positive effect on metabolic responses to postprandial glucose and, accordingly, should be recommended for improving metabolism in people with overweight/obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Alejandro Carrillo‐Arango
- Grupo de Investigación en Deporte de Rendimiento (GRINDER), Programa de Educación Física y DeporteUniversidad del ValleCaliColombia
| | - Miguel Alejandro Atencio‐Osorio
- Grupo de Investigación en Deporte de Rendimiento (GRINDER), Programa de Educación Física y DeporteUniversidad del ValleCaliColombia
| | - Carlos Alejandro López‐Álban
- Grupo de Investigación en Deporte de Rendimiento (GRINDER), Programa de Educación Física y DeporteUniversidad del ValleCaliColombia
- Zoe H&F Centro Para la Investigación En Salud y Rendimiento HumanoCaliColombia
| | - Edna J. Nava‐González
- Facultad de Salud Pública y NutriciónUniversidad Autónoma de Nuevo LeónMonterrey, Nuevo LeónMéxico
| | - María Correa‐Rodríguez
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of GranadaGranadaSpain
- Biosanitary Research Institute (ibs.GRANADA)GranadaSpain
| | - Mikel Izquierdo
- Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA)PamplonaEspaña
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES)Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadridSpain
| | - Robinson Ramírez‐Vélez
- Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA)PamplonaEspaña
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES)Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadridSpain
- Facultad de Ciencias de la EducaciónUnidad Central del Valle del Cauca (UCEVA)TúluaColombia
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Guerrero-Pinzón JJ, Alcantara JM, García-Buendia G, Mochón-Benguigui S, Ramírez-Maldonado M, Ruiz JR, Jurado-Fasoli L. A nutritional intervention for moderate altitude endurance preparation: A case report. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2022; 19:650-663. [DOI: 10.1080/15502783.2022.2140596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Juan J. Guerrero-Pinzón
- PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity Research Group (PROFITH), Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Granada, Spain
| | - Juan M.A. Alcantara
- PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity Research Group (PROFITH), Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Granada, Spain
| | - Gustavo García-Buendia
- University of Granada, Department Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Granada, Spain
| | - Sol Mochón-Benguigui
- University of Granada, Department of Physiology. Faculty of Medicine, Granada, Spain
| | - Mauricio Ramírez-Maldonado
- PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity Research Group (PROFITH), Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Granada, Spain
| | - Jonatan R. Ruiz
- PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity Research Group (PROFITH), Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, ibs.Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Lucas Jurado-Fasoli
- PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity Research Group (PROFITH), Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Granada, Spain
- University of Granada, Department of Physiology. Faculty of Medicine, Granada, Spain
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Ferri Marini C, Tadger P, Chávez-Guevara IA, Tipton E, Meucci M, Nikolovski Z, Amaro-Gahete FJ, Peric R. Factors Determining the Agreement between Aerobic Threshold and Point of Maximal Fat Oxidation: Follow-Up on a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on Association. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 20:453. [PMID: 36612784 PMCID: PMC9819531 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Regular exercise at the intensity matching maximal fat oxidation (FATmax) has been proposed as a key element in both athletes and clinical populations when aiming to enhance the body's ability to oxidize fat. In order to allow a more standardized and tailored training approach, the connection between FATmax and the individual aerobic thresholds (AerT) has been examined. Although recent findings strongly suggest that a relationship exists between these two intensities, correlation alone is not sufficient to confirm that the intensities necessarily coincide and that the error between the two measures is small. Thus, this systematic review and meta-analysis aim to examine the agreement levels between the exercise intensities matching FATmax and AerT by pooling limits of agreement in a function of three parameters: (i) the average difference, (ii) the average within-study variation, and (iii) the variation in bias across studies, and to examine the influence of clinical and methodological inter- and intra-study differences on agreement levels. This study was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42021239351) and ClinicalTrials (NCT03789045). PubMed and Google Scholar were searched for studies examining FATmax and AerT connection. Overall, 12 studies with forty-five effect sizes and a total of 774 subjects fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The ROBIS tool for risk of bias assessment was used to determine the quality of included studies. In conclusion, the overall 95% limits of agreement of the differences between FATmax and AerT exercise intensities were larger than the a priori determined acceptable agreement due to the large variance caused by clinical and methodological differences among the studies. Therefore, we recommend that future studies follow a strict standardization of data collection and analysis of FATmax- and AerT-related outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Ferri Marini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Division of Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | | | - Isaac Armando Chávez-Guevara
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Ciudad Juarez Autonomous University, Chihuahua 32310, Mexico
| | - Elizabeth Tipton
- Department of Statistics and Data Science, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Marco Meucci
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC 28608, USA
| | - Zoran Nikolovski
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Francisco Jose Amaro-Gahete
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18001 Granada, Spain
- PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity Research Group (PROFITH), Department of Physical and Sports Education, School of Sports Science, University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain
- EFFECTS-262 Research Group, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, 18014 Granada, Spain
| | - Ratko Peric
- Department for Exercise Physiology, Orthopedic Clinic Orthosport, 78000 Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
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Nagy D, Trunic N, Prémusz V, Krutek L, Lipcsik Z, Ács P. Comparison of Metabolic Characteristics of Physically Active Individuals with Different Training Habits during Incremental Treadmill Test. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 20:70. [PMID: 36612397 PMCID: PMC9819085 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The number of people engaging in self-conducted regular physical activity is increasing, but the effects of home fitness and individually planned workouts on health and metabolism are unknown. We aimed to examine the effects of regular training conducted without the supervision of professionals on exercise metabolism in our cross-sectional observational study. Forty-five physically active volunteers, classified into three groups, based on the type and frequency of their training (group 1 frequent long-term endurance, group 2 three times per week aerobic training, and group 3 two times per week short aerobic and resistance training), fulfilled a vita maxima incremental treadmill test. Aerobic capacity (VO2max), MET (metabolic equivalent of task), and metabolic responses were examined. The results were evaluated by ANOVA and Bonferroni and Scheffe multiple comparison analysis using Microsoft Excel and SPSS 23 programs. (p < 0.05). Significant differences were found between group 1 and 3 in VO2max (p = 0.46) and MET (p = 0.46) between group 1 and 2, in FatmaxHR (heart rate on maximum fat oxidation) (p= 0.04). We concluded self-conducted regular physical activity has positive effects on metabolism and health. Aerobic training performed four times per week showed the most beneficial effects on metabolism and health maintenance. In addition, based on our findings, strength training performed two times per week is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dóra Nagy
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- Institute of Physiotherapy and Sport Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- Physical Activity Research Group, Szentágothai Research Centre, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Nenad Trunic
- Faculty of Physical Culture and Management in Sports, University Singidunum, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Viktória Prémusz
- Institute of Physiotherapy and Sport Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- Physical Activity Research Group, Szentágothai Research Centre, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - László Krutek
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | | | - Pongrác Ács
- Institute of Physiotherapy and Sport Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- Physical Activity Research Group, Szentágothai Research Centre, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
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Wang R, Ekblom MM, Arvidsson D, Fridolfsson J, Börjesson M, Ekblom Ö. The interrelationship between physical activity intensity, cardiorespiratory fitness, and executive function in middle-aged adults: An observational study of office workers. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1035521. [PMID: 36438224 PMCID: PMC9682261 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1035521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous evidence supports a beneficial effect of physical activity on executive function across the whole lifespan. Yet, the interrelationships of the intensities of physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, and executive function require further investigation in adults. Aim Using unfiltered accelerometry data and high-resolution intensity classification, we sought to estimate the associations of physical activity with cardiorespiratory fitness and executive function in adult office workers. Methods We included 343 full-time office workers (mean age: 42.41 years, range of age: 36-49 years). Executive function was assessed using Stroop, Trail making tests (part-B), and 2-back tests, and a composite score was produced to reflect the general executive function performance. Physical activity was assessed using the Actigraph GT3X+-monitor, worn by each participant for seven days at the hip. Raw accelerometry data were processed by the 10 Hz frequency extended method and divided into 22 intensity bins and sleep time. Cardiorespiratory fitness was estimated using the submaximal Ekblom-Bak cycle ergometer test. Data were analyzed using partial least squares regressions. Results In adults, cardiorespiratory fitness was closely correlated with a wide range of absolute physical activity intensity patterns. A higher level of executive function in adults was associated with both higher absolute physical activity intensities and cardiorespiratory fitness, which was independent of age, sex, and education levels. A very weak association between intensities, fitness, and executive function was observed in high-fit adults. Among low-fit adults, although a positive association started already toward the upper end of moderate intensity, there still appeared to be an association between intensities, cardiorespiratory fitness, and executive function. That is, cardiorespiratory fitness may mediate the association between absolute physical activity intensities and executive function up to a certain level. Conclusion The maintenance of executive function in adulthood was related to both physical activity intensities and cardiorespiratory fitness, while their interrelationship was not equal across fitness levels. It is highly recommended to consider the cardiorespiratory fitness level in future studies that focus on executive functions in aging as well when designing individualized physical activity training programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- Department of Physical Activity and Health, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden,Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden,Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States,*Correspondence: Rui Wang
| | - Maria M. Ekblom
- Department of Physical Activity and Health, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden,The Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden
| | - Daniel Arvidsson
- Center for Health and Performance, Department of Food and Nutrition, and Sport Science, Faculty of Education, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jonatan Fridolfsson
- Center for Health and Performance, Department of Food and Nutrition, and Sport Science, Faculty of Education, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mats Börjesson
- Center for Health and Performance, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden,Sahlgrenska University Hospital/Östra, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Örjan Ekblom
- Department of Physical Activity and Health, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden
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Lagacé JC, Paquin J, Tremblay R, St-Martin P, Tessier D, Plourde M, Riesco E, Dionne IJ. The Influence of Family History of Type 2 Diabetes on Metabolism during Submaximal Aerobic Exercise and in the Recovery Period in Postmenopausal Women. Nutrients 2022; 14:4638. [PMID: 36364900 PMCID: PMC9653898 DOI: 10.3390/nu14214638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging and family history of type 2 diabetes (T2D) are known risk factors of T2D. Younger first-degree relatives (FDR) of T2D patients have shown early metabolic alterations, which could limit exercise's ability to prevent T2D. Thus, the objective was to determine whether exercise metabolism was altered during submaximal exercise in FDR postmenopausal women. Nineteen inactive postmenopausal women (control: 10, FDR: 9) aged 60 to 75 years old underwent an incremental test on a cycle ergometer with intensity ranging from 40 to 70% of peak power output. Participants consumed 50 mg of 13C-palmitate 2 h before the test. At the end of each stage, glucose, lactate, glycerol, non-esterified fatty acids and 13C-palmitate were measured in plasma, and 13CO2 was measured in breath samples. Gas exchanges and heart rate were both monitored continuously. There were no between-group differences in substrate oxidation, plasma substrate concentrations or 13C recovered in plasma or breath. Interestingly, despite exercising at a similar relative intensity to control, FDR were consistently at a lower percentage of heart rate reserve. Overall, substrate plasma concentration and oxidation are not affected by family history of T2D in postmenopausal women and therefore not a participating mechanism in the altered response to exercise previously reported. More studies are required to better understand the mechanisms involved in this response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Christophe Lagacé
- Research Centre on Aging, Affiliated with CIUSSS de l’Estrie-CHUS, 1036, Rue Belvédère Sud, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 4C4, Canada
- Faculty of Physical Activity Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, 2500, Boul. De l’Université, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Jasmine Paquin
- Research Centre on Aging, Affiliated with CIUSSS de l’Estrie-CHUS, 1036, Rue Belvédère Sud, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 4C4, Canada
- Faculty of Physical Activity Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, 2500, Boul. De l’Université, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Renaud Tremblay
- Research Centre on Aging, Affiliated with CIUSSS de l’Estrie-CHUS, 1036, Rue Belvédère Sud, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 4C4, Canada
- Faculty of Physical Activity Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, 2500, Boul. De l’Université, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Philippe St-Martin
- Research Centre on Aging, Affiliated with CIUSSS de l’Estrie-CHUS, 1036, Rue Belvédère Sud, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 4C4, Canada
- Faculty of Physical Activity Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, 2500, Boul. De l’Université, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Daniel Tessier
- Research Centre on Aging, Affiliated with CIUSSS de l’Estrie-CHUS, 1036, Rue Belvédère Sud, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 4C4, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, 2500, Boul. De l’Université, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Mélanie Plourde
- Research Centre on Aging, Affiliated with CIUSSS de l’Estrie-CHUS, 1036, Rue Belvédère Sud, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 4C4, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, 2500, Boul. De l’Université, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Eléonor Riesco
- Research Centre on Aging, Affiliated with CIUSSS de l’Estrie-CHUS, 1036, Rue Belvédère Sud, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 4C4, Canada
- Faculty of Physical Activity Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, 2500, Boul. De l’Université, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Isabelle J. Dionne
- Research Centre on Aging, Affiliated with CIUSSS de l’Estrie-CHUS, 1036, Rue Belvédère Sud, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 4C4, Canada
- Faculty of Physical Activity Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, 2500, Boul. De l’Université, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada
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Van der Looven R, De Vos E, Vandekerckhove K, Coomans I, Laureys G, Dhooge C. Efficacy of interdisciplinary rehabilitation in child cancer survivors: Impact on physical fitness, fatigue and body composition after 1-year follow-up. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl) 2022; 31:e13761. [PMID: 36330596 DOI: 10.1111/ecc.13761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Childhood cancer survivors experience reduced physical activity level, participation as well as health-related quality of life. This prospective, pre-/post-intervention and follow-up cohort study aims to determine the efficacy of an interdisciplinary rehabilitation on improving physical fitness, fatigue and body composition. METHODS A total of 24 childhood cancer survivors (mean age: 12.15 years ± 3.2; 14 females; 10 males) were recruited 6 months after medical treatment and received a 4-month interdisciplinary intervention. Cardiorespiratory fitness (PredVO2peak and PredLoadmax ), body composition (dry lean weight) and quality of life (general fatigue) were assessed at baseline, post-intervention and 1-year follow-up. Linear mixed models were used to analyse data. RESULTS Linear mixed modelling revealed a significant main effect of time on predicted maximal load (F = 13.189, df = 36.179, p < 0.001), dry lean weight (F = 64.813, df = 37.019, p < 0.001) but also significant improvement of general fatigue score (-9.039 ± 4.300, 95% CI -17.741 to -0.336, p = 0.042), indicating a decline in general fatigue. CONCLUSION With emerging evidence that physical activity is safe and feasible, together with increasing numbers of childhood cancer survivors at risk for long-term chronic co-morbidities, this study advocates for better access to interdisciplinary rehabilitation programmes in order to improve their physical condition and their body composition and reduce fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Van der Looven
- Child Rehabilitation Centre, Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Elise De Vos
- Child Rehabilitation Centre, Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Ilse Coomans
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Geneviève Laureys
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Catharina Dhooge
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
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Rashvand F, Irandoust K, Taheri M, Gholamzadeh Khoei S, Gheibi N. The Effect of Four Weeks of Long-Term Endurance Training with and Without Propolis Supplementation on Serum Levels of Betatrophin/ANGPTL8 in Male Athletes. Asian J Sports Med 2022; 13. [DOI: 10.5812/asjsm-120515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Betatrophin/angiopoietin-like protein (ANGPTL8) is defined as an adipokine that regulates blood glucose and triglyceride levels. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of propolis supplementation for the first time on serum levels of the hormone betatrophin, as a drug target in the treatment of dyslipidemia, in male endurance athletes for four weeks. Methods: 44 male athletes with an average age of 22 ± 3 years, a height of 177.5 ± 6.5 cm, and a weight of 76 ± 6 kg were selected in Qazvin. They were randomly divided into four groups: Supplementation, placebo, physical activity, and control. The supplementation and placebo groups received two 500 mg tablets of propolis and cellulose (in terms of shape and color, are similar to the original supplement and have no properties, flavor, and aroma) once after lunch and once after dinner, respectively. The drug treatment lasted for four weeks. The athletes' weight and serum levels of betatrophin were measured at the beginning and the end of 4 weeks of treatment. The ELISA method was used to assess the serum concentration of betatrophin. Analyzes were performed by the ANCOVA method. Results: The results showed that the long-term endurance training plus propolis supplementation would result in significant changes in the betatrophin serum levels and weight in participants (P = 0.001), but in the athletes without supplementation, these changes were not significant (P > 0.05). Conclusions: The results indicated that betatrophin serum levels in endurance athletes are increased by propolis supplementation, and their weight is decreased.
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Lee YG, Woo H, Choi C, Ryoo GH, Chung YJ, Lee JH, Jung SJ, Chae SW, Bae EJ, Park BH. Supplementation with Vitis vinifera Jingzaojing Leaf and Shoot Extract Improves Exercise Endurance in Mice. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14194033. [PMID: 36235689 PMCID: PMC9573418 DOI: 10.3390/nu14194033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Switching myofibers from the fast-glycolytic type to the slow-oxidative type is associated with an alleviation of the symptoms associated with various cardiometabolic diseases. This study investigates the effect of Vitis vinifera Jingzaojing leaf and shoot extract (JLSE), which is rich in phenolic compounds, on the regulation of skeletal muscle fiber-type switching, as well as the associated underlying mechanism. Male C57BL/6N mice were supplemented orally with vehicle or JLSE (300 mg/kg) and subjected to treadmill exercise training. After four weeks, mice in the JLSE-supplemented group showed significantly improved exercise endurance and mitochondrial oxidative capacity. JLSE supplementation increased the expression of sirtuin 6 and decreased Sox6 expression, thereby elevating the number of mitochondria and encouraging fast-to-slow myofiber switching. The results of our experiments suggest that JLSE supplementation reprograms myofiber composition to favor the slow oxidative type, ultimately enhancing exercise endurance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Gyun Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Jeonbuk, Korea
| | - Hayoung Woo
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Chul Choi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54896, Jeonbuk, Korea
| | - Ga-Hee Ryoo
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup 56212, Jeonbuk, Korea
| | - Yun-Jo Chung
- Biomedical Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54907, Jeonbuk, Korea
| | - Ju-Hyung Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54896, Jeonbuk, Korea
| | - Su-Jin Jung
- Clinical Trial Center for Functional Foods, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Jeonbuk, Korea
| | - Soo-Wan Chae
- Clinical Trial Center for Functional Foods, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Jeonbuk, Korea
| | - Eun Ju Bae
- School of Pharmacy, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Jeonbuk, Korea
- Correspondence: (E.J.B.); (B.-H.P.)
| | - Byung-Hyun Park
- Department of Biochemistry and Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54896, Jeonbuk, Korea
- Correspondence: (E.J.B.); (B.-H.P.)
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Yokoyama H, Deguchi M, Hongu N. The Role of Diets and Dietitians for Para-Athletes: A Pilot Study Based on Interviews. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14183720. [PMID: 36145095 PMCID: PMC9505573 DOI: 10.3390/nu14183720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Efforts to provide nutrition support to para-athletes have not been established to date, and are far behind those established for athletes without disabilities. In the present study, we attempted to clarify the actual situation regarding dietary challenges of para-athletes. The aim of this study was to obtain clues to effective intervention methods that encourage the practice of sports nutrition. Six active elite para-athletes (30–70 years, four males) and a female physical therapist without physical disability participated in semi-structured interviews. All para-athletes had lower-limb disabilities and participated in the international wheelchair sports competitions (tennis, softball, and table tennis, with 2–26 years of player history). The interview items were on the ideal diet for improving competitive performance, evaluation of their typical diets, and the role of the dietitian as support. Responses obtained from participants were analyzed using quantitative content analysis by language analysis software. There are differences in the ideal diet based on the characteristics of the sport, but most participants believed that a nutritionally well-balanced diet with abundant vegetables was ideal for improving competitive performance. Para-athletes who use a wheelchair daily pay attention to their total calorie intake, because gaining weight is a critical issue for operating their wheelchairs and transferring themselves to and from their wheelchairs. Despite their world-class competition levels, none of them received routine dietary advice from dietitians. Some para-athletes did not even feel the need to engage with dietitians. Even for these para-athletes at a high level of competition, the “ideal diet” they considered was not always the optimal diet for improving their competitive performance. In addition, there are various barriers to practicing their optimal diet due to disability characteristics. Dietitians need to understand these barriers, their concerns and conflicts, and how to help them plan the optimal diet to improve their performance and maintain overall health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisayo Yokoyama
- Research Center for Urban Health and Sports, Osaka Metropolitan University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka-shi 558-8585, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Environmental Physiology for Exercise, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka-shi 558-8585, Osaka, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-06-6605-2947
| | - Miwako Deguchi
- Department of Environmental Physiology for Exercise, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka-shi 558-8585, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Nutrition, Graduate School of Human Life and Ecology, Osaka Metropolitan University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka-shi 558-8585, Osaka, Japan
| | - Nobuko Hongu
- Research Center for Urban Health and Sports, Osaka Metropolitan University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka-shi 558-8585, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Nutrition, Graduate School of Human Life and Ecology, Osaka Metropolitan University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka-shi 558-8585, Osaka, Japan
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Matthews ARD, Astorino TA, Crocker GH, Sheard AC. Acute Effects of High-Intensity Interval Exercise While Wearing a Sauna Suit on Energy Expenditure and Excess Post-exercise Oxygen Consumption. J Strength Cond Res 2022; 36:2427-2433. [DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Caffeine increases exercise intensity and energy expenditure but does not modify substrate oxidation during 1 h of self-paced cycling. Eur J Nutr 2022; 61:3285-3292. [PMID: 35503131 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-022-02894-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
AIM Oral caffeine intake has been deemed as an effective supplementation strategy to enhance fat oxidation during aerobic exercise with a steady-state intensity. However, in real exercise scenarios, individuals habitually train with autoregulation of exercise intensity. This study aimed to analyze the effect of oral caffeine intake during self-paced cycling on autoregulated exercise intensity and substrate oxidation. METHODS Fifteen young and healthy participants (11 men and 4 women) participated in a double-blind, randomized, cross-over investigation. Each participant took part in 2 experimental days consisting of pedaling for 1 h with a self-selected wattage. Participants were told that they had to exercise at a moderate intensity to maximize fat oxidation. On one occasion participants ingested 3 mg/kg of caffeine and on the other occasion ingested a placebo. Energy expenditure, fat oxidation rate, and carbohydrate oxidation rate were continuously measured during exercise by indirect calorimetry. RESULTS In comparison to the placebo, caffeine intake increased the self-selected wattage (on average, 105 ± 44 vs 117 ± 45 W, respectively, P < 0.001) which represented a higher total work during the cycling session (377 ± 157 vs 422 ± 160 kJ, P < 0.001). Caffeine increased total energy expenditure (543 ± 161 vs 587 ± 155 kcal, P = 0.042) but it did not affect total fat oxidation (24.7 ± 12.2 vs 22.9 ± 11.5 g, P = 0.509) or total carbohydrate oxidation (87.4 ± 22.4 vs 97.8 ± 32.3 g, P = 0.101). CONCLUSION Acute caffeine ingestion before an exercise session with an individual's freedom to regulate intensity induces a higher self-selected exercise intensity and total work. The selection of a higher exercise intensity augments total energy expenditure but eliminates the effect of caffeine on substrate oxidation during exercise.
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Beyond the Calorie Paradigm: Taking into Account in Practice the Balance of Fat and Carbohydrate Oxidation during Exercise? Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14081605. [PMID: 35458167 PMCID: PMC9027421 DOI: 10.3390/nu14081605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent literature shows that exercise is not simply a way to generate a calorie deficit as an add-on to restrictive diets but exerts powerful additional biological effects via its impact on mitochondrial function, the release of chemical messengers induced by muscular activity, and its ability to reverse epigenetic alterations. This review aims to summarize the current literature dealing with the hypothesis that some of these effects of exercise unexplained by an energy deficit are related to the balance of substrates used as fuel by the exercising muscle. This balance of substrates can be measured with reliable techniques, which provide information about metabolic disturbances associated with sedentarity and obesity, as well as adaptations of fuel metabolism in trained individuals. The exercise intensity that elicits maximal oxidation of lipids, termed LIPOXmax, FATOXmax, or FATmax, provides a marker of the mitochondrial ability to oxidize fatty acids and predicts how much fat will be oxidized over 45–60 min of low- to moderate-intensity training performed at the corresponding intensity. LIPOXmax is a reproducible parameter that can be modified by many physiological and lifestyle influences (exercise, diet, gender, age, hormones such as catecholamines, and the growth hormone-Insulin-like growth factor I axis). Individuals told to select an exercise intensity to maintain for 45 min or more spontaneously select a level close to this intensity. There is increasing evidence that training targeted at this level is efficient for reducing fat mass, sparing muscle mass, increasing the ability to oxidize lipids during exercise, lowering blood pressure and low-grade inflammation, improving insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity, reducing blood glucose and HbA1c in type 2 diabetes, and decreasing the circulating cholesterol level. Training protocols based on this concept are easy to implement and accept in very sedentary patients and have shown an unexpected efficacy over the long term. They also represent a useful add-on to bariatric surgery in order to maintain and improve its weight-lowering effect. Additional studies are required to confirm and more precisely analyze the determinants of LIPOXmax and the long-term effects of training at this level on body composition, metabolism, and health.
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Ramadoss R, Stanzione JR, Volpe SL. A Comparison of Substrate Utilization Profiles During Maximal and Submaximal Exercise Tests in Athletes. Front Psychol 2022; 13:854451. [PMID: 35465548 PMCID: PMC9024409 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.854451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Exercise is primarily sustained by energy derived from lipids (plasma free fatty acids and intramuscular triglycerides), and glucose (plasma glucose and muscle glycogen). Substrate utilization is the pattern by which these fuel sources are used during activity. There are many factors that influence substrate utilization. We aim to delineate the effect of exercise intensity and body composition on substrate utilization. Objective The objective of our study was to discern the differences in substrate utilization profiles during a maximal and submaximal graded exercise test, and to determine the extent to which body composition influences substrate utilization during the exercise tests. Methods A total of 27 male athletes, 32.5 ± 11 years of age, were recruited for this study. Body composition was analyzed using a bioelectrical impedance analyzer. Maximal and submaximal exercise tests were performed on a treadmill. A novel graded submaximal treadmill protocol was used for the submaximal test. Results Average percent body fat (PBF) was 15.8 ± 5%. Average maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) was 47.6 ± 9 mL/kg/min, while the average exercise intensity (percent VO2max) at which participants were shifting to glucose predominance for energy during the maximal and submaximal tests were 76 ± 8.3% and 58.4 ± 21.1%, respectively. A paired-samples t-test was conducted to compare percent VO2max at crossover point in maximal and submaximal graded exercise tests. There was a significant difference in percent VO2max at the crossover point for maximal (76 ± 8.3%) and submaximal (58 ± 21.1%) tests (t = 4.752, p = 0.001). A linear regression was performed to elucidate the interaction between exercise intensity at the crossover point and body composition during a maximal and submaximal graded exercise test. There was a significant effect of PBF on percent VO2max at crossover point during the maximal graded exercise test [F(1,24) = 9.10, P = 0.006] with an R2 of 0.245. However, there was no significant effect of PBF on percent VO2max at crossover point during the submaximal graded exercise test (P > 0.05). Conclusion Substrate utilization, represented by the crossover point, is dependent on the rate of increase in exercise intensity. At maximal efforts, the crossover to carbohydrates from fats as the predominant fuel source occurs at a significantly later stage of percent VO2max than at submaximal efforts. Furthermore, body composition represented by PBF is a significant predictor of substrate utilization during maximal efforts. Athletes with a relatively higher PBF are more likely to have increased lipid oxidation during high intensity exercises than those with a lower body fat percentage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Ramadoss
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | | | - Stella Lucia Volpe
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States
- *Correspondence: Stella Lucia Volpe,
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Biomarkers and genetic polymorphisms associated with maximal fat oxidation during physical exercise: implications for metabolic health and sports performance. Eur J Appl Physiol 2022; 122:1773-1795. [PMID: 35362801 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-022-04936-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The maximal fat oxidation rate (MFO) assessed during a graded exercise test is a remarkable physiological indicator associated with metabolic flexibility, body weight loss and endurance performance. The present review considers existing biomarkers related to MFO, highlighting the validity of maximal oxygen uptake and free fatty acid availability for predicting MFO in athletes and healthy individuals. Moreover, we emphasize the role of different key enzymes and structural proteins that regulate adipose tissue lipolysis (i.e., triacylglycerol lipase, hormone sensitive lipase, perilipin 1), fatty acid trafficking (i.e., fatty acid translocase cluster of differentiation 36) and skeletal muscle oxidative capacity (i.e., citrate synthase and mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes II-V) on MFO variation. Likewise, we discuss the association of MFO with different polymorphism on the ACE, ADRB3, AR and CD36 genes, identifying prospective studies that will help to elucidate the mechanisms behind such associations. In addition, we highlight existing evidence that contradict the paradigm of a higher MFO in women due to ovarian hormones activity and highlight current gaps regarding endocrine function and MFO relationship.
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Whittaker J, Harris M. Low-carbohydrate diets and men's cortisol and testosterone: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutr Health 2022; 28:543-554. [PMID: 35254136 DOI: 10.1177/02601060221083079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: Low-carbohydrate diets may have endocrine effects, although individual studies are conflicting. Therefore, a review was conducted on the effects of low- versus high-carbohydrate diets on men's testosterone and cortisol. Methods: The review was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42021255957). The inclusion criteria were: intervention study, healthy adult males, and low-carbohydrate diet: ≤35% carbohydrate. Eight databases were searched from conception to May 2021. Cochrane's risk of bias tool was used for quality assessment. Random-effects, meta-analyses using standardized mean differences and 95% confidence intervals, were performed with Review Manager. Subgroup analyses were conducted for diet duration, protein intake, and exercise duration. Results: Twenty-seven studies were included, with a total of 309 participants. Short-term (<3 weeks), low- versus high-carbohydrate diets moderately increased resting cortisol (0.41 [0.16, 0.66], p < 0.01). Whereas, long-term (≥3 weeks), low-carbohydrate diets had no consistent effect on resting cortisol. Low- versus high-carbohydrate diets resulted in much higher post-exercise cortisol, after long-duration exercise (≥20 min): 0 h (0.78 [0.47, 1.1], p < 0.01), 1 h (0.81 [0.31, 1.31], p < 0.01), and 2 h (0.82 [0.33, 1.3], p < 0.01). Moderate-protein (<35%), low-carbohydrate diets had no consistent effect on resting total testosterone, however high-protein (≥35%), low-carbohydrate diets greatly decreased resting (-1.08 [-1.67, -0.48], p < 0.01) and post-exercise total testosterone (-1.01 [-2, -0.01] p = 0.05). Conclusions: Resting and post-exercise cortisol increase during the first 3 weeks of a low-carbohydrate diet. Afterwards, resting cortisol appears to return to baseline, whilst post-exercise cortisol remains elevated. High-protein diets cause a large decrease in resting total testosterone (∼5.23 nmol/L).
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Whittaker
- The School of Allied Health and Community, 8709University of Worcester, Worcester, UK
| | - Miranda Harris
- The School of Allied Health and Community, 8709University of Worcester, Worcester, UK
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Williams CJ, Torquati L, Li Z, Lea RA, Croci I, Keating E, Little JP, Eynon N, Coombes JS. Oligofructose-Enriched Inulin Intake, Gut Microbiome Characteristics, and the V̇O2 Peak Response to High-Intensity Interval Training in Healthy Inactive Adults. J Nutr 2022; 152:680-689. [PMID: 34910161 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxab426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The gut microbiome has been associated with cardiorespiratory fitness. OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of oligofructose (FOS)-enriched inulin supplementation on the gut microbiome and the peak oxygen uptake (V̇O2peak) response to high-intensity interval training (HIIT). METHODS The study was a randomized controlled trial. Forty sedentary and apparently healthy adults [n = 31 women; aged 31.8 ± 9.8 y, BMI (in kg⋅m-2) 25.9 ± 4.3] were randomly allocated to 1) 6 wk of supervised HIIT (4 × 4-min bouts at 85-95% peak heart rate, interspersed with 3 min of active recovery, 3·wk-1) + 12 g·d-1 of FOS-enriched inulin (HIIT-I) or 2) 6 wk of supervised HIIT (3·wk-1, 4 × 4-min bouts) + 12 g·d-1 of maltodextrin/placebo (HIIT-P). Each participant completed an incremental treadmill test to assess V̇O2peak and ventilatory thresholds (VTs), provided a stool and blood sample, and completed a 24-h diet recall questionnaire and FFQ before and after the intervention. Gut microbiome analyses were performed using metagenomic sequencing. Fecal short-chain fatty acids were measured by mass spectrometry. RESULTS There were no differences in the mean change in V̇O2peak response between groups (P = 0.58). HIIT-I had a greater improvement in VTs than HIIT-P [VT1 (lactate accumulation): mean difference + 4.3% and VT2 (lactate threshold): +4.2%, P < 0.05]. HIIT-I had a greater increase in the abundance of Bifidobacterium taxa [false discovery rate (FDR) < 0.05] and several metabolic processes related to exercise capacity (FDR < 0.05). Exploratory analysis of merged data found participants with a greater response to HIIT (V̇O2peak ≥3.5 mL⋅kg-1⋅min-1) had a 2.2-fold greater mean abundance of gellan degradation pathways (FDR < 0.05) and a greater, but not significant, abundance of Bifidobacterium uniformis species (P < 0.00023, FDR = 0.08). CONCLUSIONS FOS-enriched inulin supplementation did not potentiate HIIT-induced improvements in V̇O2peak but led to gut microbiome changes possibly associated with greater ventilatory threshold improvements in healthy inactive adults. Gellan degradation pathways and B. uniformis spp. were associated with greater V̇O2peak responses to HIIT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla J Williams
- Centre for Research on Exercise, Physical Activity and Health, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Luciana Torquati
- Centre for Research on Exercise, Physical Activity and Health, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Zhixiu Li
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Rodney A Lea
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Ilaria Croci
- Centre for Research on Exercise, Physical Activity and Health, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
- Cardiac Exercise Research Group (CERG), Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Sport, Movement and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Eliza Keating
- Centre for Research on Exercise, Physical Activity and Health, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Jonathan P Little
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Nir Eynon
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jeff S Coombes
- Centre for Research on Exercise, Physical Activity and Health, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
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