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Kearns R, Dooley J, Matthews M, McNeilly A. "Do probiotics mitigate GI-induced inflammation and perceived fatigue in athletes? A systematic review". J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2024; 21:2388085. [PMID: 39193818 PMCID: PMC11360638 DOI: 10.1080/15502783.2024.2388085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fatigue and gastrointestinal (GI) distress are common among athletes with an estimated 30-90% of athletes participating in marathons, triathlons, or similar events experiencing GI complaints. Intense exercise can lead to increased intestinal permeability, potentially allowing members of the gut microbiota to permeate into the bloodstream, resulting in an inflammatory response and cascade of performance-limiting outcomes. Probiotics, through their capacity to regulate the composition of the gut microbiota, may act as an adjunctive therapy by enhancing GI and immune function while mitigating inflammatory responses. This review investigates the effectiveness of probiotic supplementation on fatigue, inflammatory markers, and exercise performance based on randomized controlled trials (RCTs). METHODS This review follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines and PICOS (Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome, Study design) framework. A comprehensive search was conducted in Sportdiscus, PubMed, and Scopus databases, and the screening of titles, abstracts, and full articles was performed based on pre-defined eligibility criteria. Of the 3505 records identified, 1884 were screened using titles and abstracts, of which 450 studies were selected for full-text screening. After final screening, 13 studies met the eligibility criteria and were included for review. The studies contained 513 participants, consisting of 351 males and 115 females, however, two studies failed to mention the sex of the participants. Among the participants, 246 were defined as athletes, while the remaining participants were classified as recreationally active (n = 267). All trials were fully described and employed a double- or triple-blind placebo-controlled intervention using either a single probiotic strain or a multi-strain synbiotic (containing both pro- and pre-biotics). RESULTS This review assesses the effects of daily probiotic supplementation, ranging from 13 to 90 days, on physical performance and physiological markers in various exercise protocols. Ten studies reported improvements in various parameters, such as, enhanced endurance performance, improved anxiety and stress levels, decreased GI symptoms, and reduced upper respiratory tract infections (URTI). Moreover, despite no improvements in maximal oxygen uptake (VO2), several studies demonstrated that probiotic supplementation led to amelioration in lactate, creatine kinase (CK), and ammonia concentrations, suggesting beneficial effects on mitigating exercise-induced muscular stress and damage. CONCLUSION Probiotic supplementation, specifically at a minimum dosage of 15 billion CFUs daily for a duration of at least 28 days, may contribute to the reduction of perceived or actual fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- R.P. Kearns
- Ulster University, School of Life and Health Sciences, Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, Newtownabbey, Antrim, UK
| | - J.S.G. Dooley
- Ulster University, School of Life and Health Sciences, Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, Newtownabbey, Antrim, UK
| | - M. Matthews
- Ulster University, School of Life and Health Sciences, Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, Newtownabbey, Antrim, UK
| | - A.M. McNeilly
- Ulster University, School of Life and Health Sciences, Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, Newtownabbey, Antrim, UK
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Mancin L, Paoli A, Berry S, Gonzalez JT, Collins AJ, Lizarraga MA, Mota JF, Nicola S, Rollo I. Standardization of gut microbiome analysis in sports. Cell Rep Med 2024; 5:101759. [PMID: 39368478 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2024.101759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 08/09/2024] [Accepted: 09/10/2024] [Indexed: 10/07/2024]
Abstract
The gut microbiome plays a significant role in physiological functions such as nutrient processing, vitamin production, inflammatory response, and immune modulation, which, in turn, are important contributors to athlete health and performance. To date, the interpretation, discussion, and visualization of microbiome results of athletes are challenging, due to a lack of standard parameters and reference data for collection and comparison. The purpose of this perspective piece is to provide researchers with an easy-to-understand framework for the collection, analysis, and data management related to the gut microbiome with a specific focus on athletic populations. In the absence of a consensus on microbiome research in the sports field, we hope that these considerations serve as foundational "best practice." Adherence to these standard operating procedures will accelerate the path toward improving the quality of data and ultimately our understanding of the influence of the gut microbiome in sport settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Mancin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Human Inspired Technology Research Center HIT, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
| | - Antonio Paoli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Human Inspired Technology Research Center HIT, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Sara Berry
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - Adam J Collins
- Department for Health, University of Bath, BA2 7AY Bath, UK
| | | | - Joao Felipe Mota
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Department of Medicine, School of Microbiology, University College Cork, T12 YT20 Cork, Ireland
| | - Segata Nicola
- Centre for Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Ian Rollo
- Gatorade Sports Science Institute, PepsiCo Life Sciences, Global R&D, Leicestershire, UK; School of Sports Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Leicestershire, UK
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3
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Van Hul M, Cani PD, Petitfils C, De Vos WM, Tilg H, El-Omar EM. What defines a healthy gut microbiome? Gut 2024; 73:1893-1908. [PMID: 39322314 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2024-333378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024]
Abstract
The understanding that changes in microbiome composition can influence chronic human diseases and the efficiency of therapies has driven efforts to develop microbiota-centred therapies such as first and next generation probiotics, prebiotics and postbiotics, microbiota editing and faecal microbiota transplantation. Central to microbiome research is understanding how disease impacts microbiome composition and vice versa, yet there is a problematic issue with the term 'dysbiosis', which broadly links microbial imbalances to various chronic illnesses without precision or definition. Another significant issue in microbiome discussions is defining 'healthy individuals' to ascertain what characterises a healthy microbiome. This involves questioning who represents the healthiest segment of our population-whether it is those free from illnesses, athletes at peak performance, individuals living healthily through regular exercise and good nutrition or even elderly adults or centenarians who have been tested by time and achieved remarkable healthy longevity.This review advocates for delineating 'what defines a healthy microbiome?' by considering a broader range of factors related to human health and environmental influences on the microbiota. A healthy microbiome is undoubtedly linked to gut health. Nevertheless, it is very difficult to pinpoint a universally accepted definition of 'gut health' due to the complexities of measuring gut functionality besides the microbiota composition. We must take into account individual variabilities, the influence of diet, lifestyle, host and environmental factors. Moreover, the challenge in distinguishing causation from correlation between gut microbiome and overall health is presented.The review also highlights the resource-heavy nature of comprehensive gut health assessments, which hinders their practicality and broad application. Finally, we call for continued research and a nuanced approach to better understand the intricate and evolving concept of gut health, emphasising the need for more precise and inclusive definitions and methodologies in studying the microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Van Hul
- Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Metabolism and Nutrition research group (MNUT), UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology (WELBIO) department, WEL Research Institute, Wavre, Belgium
| | - Patrice D Cani
- Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Metabolism and Nutrition research group (MNUT), UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology (WELBIO) department, WEL Research Institute, Wavre, Belgium
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Camille Petitfils
- Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Metabolism and Nutrition research group (MNUT), UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology (WELBIO) department, WEL Research Institute, Wavre, Belgium
| | - Willem M De Vos
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Herbert Tilg
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Medizinische Universitat Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Emad M El-Omar
- Microbiome Research Centre, St George and Sutherland Clinical Campuses, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Wardenaar FC, Chan Y, Clear AM, Schott K, Mohr AE, Ortega-Sanchez CP, Seltzer RGN, Pugh J. The Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale has a Good Test-Retest Reliability in Well-Trained Athletes With and Without Previously Self-Identified Gastrointestinal Complaints. Sports Med 2024:10.1007/s40279-024-02122-0. [PMID: 39363029 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-024-02122-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/11/2024] [Indexed: 10/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Athletes often report gastrointestinal (GI) complaints. Standardized validated tests validated in athletes are lacking. OBJECTIVE The objective of the current study was to investigate the test-retest reliability of the gastrointestinal symptoms rating scale (GSRS), a disease-specific instrument of 15 items to quantify the severity of various GI symptoms. METHODS For this purpose, a 3-week repeated measurements design was used. The mean difference (Wilcoxon signed rank test), associations (Spearman correlations), and systematic difference using Bland-Altman calculations for repeated measurements, as well as its internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha) on testing day 1 and day 2 were analyzed, with significance set at p ≤ 0.05. A total of n = 70 well-trained athletes (26.1 ± 5.4 years, of which 40% were female) were included. RESULTS A high Cronbach's α for GSRS was found on testing day 1 (0.825), and day 2 (0.823), suggesting a good and comparable internal consistency of the questionnaire. When assessing the multilevel temporal stability for total GSRS scores (28.0, IQR 22.0-36.3 vs 26.5, IQR 18.0-35.0), there was a small but significant difference (Z = - 2.489, and p = 0.013), but a fair correlation between day scores (r = 0.68, p < 0.001), and a Bland-Altman reporting difference between questionnaires within 10% of the total GSRS score, without significant reporting bias (p = 0.38). In most cases, except for hunger, burping, and loose stools, the individual GSRS items were reported in line with total scores and similar for sex. CONCLUSION In conclusion, the GSRS is reliable when used with athletes, with good internal consistency for most symptoms independently of sex, except for hunger, burping, and loose stools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Floris C Wardenaar
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
| | - Yat Chan
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Anna Marie Clear
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Kinta Schott
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Alex E Mohr
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- Center for Health Through Microbiomes, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Carmen P Ortega-Sanchez
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Ryan G N Seltzer
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Jamie Pugh
- School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Tom Reilly Building, Byrom Street, Liverpool, UK
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Gacek M, Wojtowicz A, Banasik M. Selected Determinants of Diet Health Quality among Female Athletes Practising Team Sports. Nutrients 2024; 16:3294. [PMID: 39408261 PMCID: PMC11478919 DOI: 10.3390/nu16193294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2024] [Revised: 09/11/2024] [Accepted: 09/17/2024] [Indexed: 10/20/2024] Open
Abstract
This study's aim was an analysis regarding selected determinants of diet health quality in a group of elite Polish female team sport players. Relationships were assessed between age, sport experience, personal resources and personality traits with regard to the Big Five model and the pro-Health (pHDI-10) and non-Healthy (nHDI-14) Diet Indices. This study was conducted among 181 women (median age-25 years; sport experience-7 years) with the use of the Beliefs and Eating Habits Questionnaire (KomPAN), Generalised Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES), Multidimensional Health Locus of Control Scale (MHLC-B) and NEO-PI-R personality inventory. Statistical analysis was carried out via the Wilcoxon signed-rank test, Kruskal-Wallis's ANOVA, Spearman's rank correlation coefficient and forward stepwise regression at a significance level of α = 0.05. Multivariate regression analysis indicated that the value of the pro-Health Diet Index (pHDI-10) was positively explained by professional experience and extraversion, while negatively by openness to experiences (12% of the pHDI-10 variance). In turn, a higher value of the non-Healthy Diet Index (nHDI-14) was associated with the discipline of basketball (2% of the nHDI-14 variance). In summary, the demonstrated diet health quality was low and the predictive significance of competitive experience as well as type of discipline and selected personality traits was exhibited for diet quality among female team sport players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Gacek
- Department of Sports Medicine and Human Nutrition, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Physical Education, 31-571 Krakow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Wojtowicz
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Social Sciences, University of Physical Education, 31-571 Krakow, Poland
| | - Marlena Banasik
- Department of Psychology, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities—Jozef Tischner Campus, 31-864 Krakow, Poland
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Yan P, Liu J, Huang Y, Yi T, Zhang H, Dai G, Wang X, Gao Z, He B, Guo W, Su Y, Guo L. Baicalin enhances antioxidant, inflammatory defense, and microbial diversity of yellow catfish ( Pelteobagrus fulvidraco) infected with Aeromonas hydrophila. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1465346. [PMID: 39372274 PMCID: PMC11449889 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1465346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 10/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The aim of this research was to clarify the mechanism through which baicalin exerts its inhibitory effects on Aeromonas hydrophila infection. Methods The antibacterial efficacy of baicalin was assessed by determining its minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against A. hydrophila. Various parameters, including the growth curve, cell wall integrity, biofilm formation, AKP content, and morphological alterations of A. hydrophila, were analyzed. In vivo experiments involved the administration of A. hydrophila 4 h postintraperitoneal injection of varying doses of baicalin to induce infection, with subsequent monitoring of mortality rates. After a 3 d period, liver, spleen, and intestinal tissues were harvested to evaluate organ indices, antioxidant and immune parameters, as well as intestinal microbial composition. Results The findings indicated that baicalin treatment resulted in the disruption of the cell wall of A. hydrophila, leading to the loss of its normal structural integrity. Furthermore, baicalin significantly inhibited biofilm formation and facilitated the release of intracellular proteins (P < 0.05). In vivo, baicalin enhanced the survival rates of yellow catfish infected with A. hydrophila. Compared to the control group, the liver index of yellow catfish was elevated, while the spleen and intestinal indices were reduced in the baicalin-treated group (P < 0.05). Additionally, baicalin at an appropriate dosage was found to increase levels of SOD, GSH, CAT, ACP, and AKP in yellow catfish (P < 0.05), while simultaneously decreasing MDA accumulation and the mRNA expression of inflammatory markers such as Keap1, IL1, IFN-γ, and TNF-α, (P < 0.05). Moreover, baicalin significantly enhanced the operational taxonomic unit (OTU) count in A. hydrophila-infected yellow catfish (P < 0.05), restoring the abundance of Barnesiellaceae, Enterobacteriaceae, Plesiomonas, and UBA1819 (P < 0.05). Discussion In summary, baicalin demonstrates the potential to improve the survival rate of yellow catfish subjected to A. hydrophila infection, augment antioxidant and immune responses, mitigate inflammation, and enhance intestinal microbial diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pupu Yan
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Jiali Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Yongxi Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Tilin Yi
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Heng Zhang
- Jingzhou Taihugang Aquatic Technology Co., LTD, Hubei, China
| | - Gang Dai
- Jingzhou Mingde Technology Co., LTD, Hubei, China
| | - Xiong Wang
- Jingzhou Mingde Technology Co., LTD, Hubei, China
| | - Zhenzhen Gao
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, Jurong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bin He
- Wuhan city Academy of Agricultural Sciences Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Wuhan, China
| | - Weili Guo
- NO. 6 Mildle School of Shahe, Xingtai, Hebei, China
| | - Yingbing Su
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Liwei Guo
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
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Patel BK, Patel KH, Lee CN, Moochhala S. Intestinal Microbiota Interventions to Enhance Athletic Performance-A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:10076. [PMID: 39337561 PMCID: PMC11432184 DOI: 10.3390/ijms251810076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2024] [Revised: 09/17/2024] [Accepted: 09/18/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent years have witnessed an uptick in research highlighting the gut microbiota's role as a primary determinant of athletes' health, which has piqued interest in the hypothesis that it correlates with athletes' physical performance. Athletes' physical performances could be impacted by the metabolic activity of the assortment of microbes found in their gut. Intestinal microbiota impacts multiple facets of an athlete's physiology, including immune response, gut membrane integrity, macro- and micronutrient absorption, muscle endurance, and the gut-brain axis. Several physiological variables govern the gut microbiota; hence, an intricately tailored and complex framework must be implemented to comprehend the performance-microbiota interaction. Emerging evidence underscores the intricate relationship between the gut microbiome and physical fitness, revealing that athletes who engage in regular physical activity exhibit a richer diversity of gut microbes, particularly within the Firmicutes phylum, e.g., Ruminococcaceae genera, compared to their sedentary counterparts. In elite sport, it is challenging to implement an unconventional strategy whilst simultaneously aiding an athlete to accomplish feasible, balanced development. This review compiles the research on the effects of gut microbiota modulation on performance in sports and illustrates how different supplementation strategies for gut microbiota have the ability to improve athletic performance by enhancing physical capacities. In addition to promoting athletes' overall health, this study evaluates the existing literature in an effort to shed light on how interventions involving the gut microbiota can dramatically improve performance on the field. The findings should inform both theoretical and practical developments in the fields of sports nutrition and training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharati Kadamb Patel
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Level 8, NUHS Tower Block, Singapore 119278, Singapore; (B.K.P.); (C.N.L.)
| | - Kadamb Haribhai Patel
- Temasek Polytechnic, School of Applied Sciences, 21 Tampines Ave 1, Singapore 529757, Singapore;
| | - Chuen Neng Lee
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Level 8, NUHS Tower Block, Singapore 119278, Singapore; (B.K.P.); (C.N.L.)
| | - Shabbir Moochhala
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Level 8, NUHS Tower Block, Singapore 119278, Singapore; (B.K.P.); (C.N.L.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Block MD3, 16 Medical Drive, Singapore 117600, Singapore
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Soldán M, Argalášová Ľ, Hadvinová L, Galileo B, Babjaková J. The Effect of Dietary Types on Gut Microbiota Composition and Development of Non-Communicable Diseases: A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2024; 16:3134. [PMID: 39339734 PMCID: PMC11434870 DOI: 10.3390/nu16183134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2024] [Revised: 09/14/2024] [Accepted: 09/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The importance of diet in shaping the gut microbiota is well established and may help improve an individual's overall health. Many other factors, such as genetics, age, exercise, antibiotic therapy, or tobacco use, also play a role in influencing gut microbiota. AIM This narrative review summarizes how three distinct dietary types (plant-based, Mediterranean, and Western) affect the composition of gut microbiota and the development of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). METHODS A comprehensive literature search was conducted using the PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases, focusing on the keywords "dietary pattern", "gut microbiota" and "dysbiosis". RESULTS Both plant-based and Mediterranean diets have been shown to promote the production of beneficial bacterial metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), while simultaneously lowering concentrations of trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), a molecule associated with negative health outcomes. Additionally, they have a positive impact on microbial diversity and therefore are generally considered healthy dietary types. On the other hand, the Western diet is a typical example of an unhealthy nutritional approach leading to an overgrowth of pathogenic bacteria, where TMAO levels rise and SCFA production drops due to gut dysbiosis. CONCLUSION The current scientific literature consistently highlights the superiority of plant-based and Mediterranean dietary types over the Western diet in promoting gut health and preventing NCDs. Understanding the influence of diet on gut microbiota modulation may pave the way for novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ľubica Argalášová
- Institute of Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Špitálska 24, 813 72 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.S.); (L.H.); (B.G.); (J.B.)
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Etlin S, Rose J, Bielski L, Walter C, Kleinman AS, Mason CE. The human microbiome in space: parallels between Earth-based dysbiosis, implications for long-duration spaceflight, and possible mitigation strategies. Clin Microbiol Rev 2024; 37:e0016322. [PMID: 39136453 PMCID: PMC11391694 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00163-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2024] Open
Abstract
SUMMARYThe human microbiota encompasses the diverse communities of microorganisms that reside in, on, and around various parts of the human body, such as the skin, nasal passages, and gastrointestinal tract. Although research is ongoing, it is well established that the microbiota exert a substantial influence on the body through the production and modification of metabolites and small molecules. Disruptions in the composition of the microbiota-dysbiosis-have also been linked to various negative health outcomes. As humans embark upon longer-duration space missions, it is important to understand how the conditions of space travel impact the microbiota and, consequently, astronaut health. This article will first characterize the main taxa of the human gut microbiota and their associated metabolites, before discussing potential dysbiosis and negative health consequences. It will also detail the microbial changes observed in astronauts during spaceflight, focusing on gut microbiota composition and pathogenic virulence and survival. Analysis will then turn to how astronaut health may be protected from adverse microbial changes via diet, exercise, and antibiotics before concluding with a discussion of the microbiota of spacecraft and microbial culturing methods in space. The implications of this review are critical, particularly with NASA's ongoing implementation of the Moon to Mars Architecture, which will include weeks or months of living in space and new habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Etlin
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
- BioAstra Inc., New York, New York, USA
| | - Julianna Rose
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
- BioAstra Inc., New York, New York, USA
| | - Luca Bielski
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Claire Walter
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
- BioAstra Inc., New York, New York, USA
| | - Ashley S Kleinman
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- The HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Christopher E Mason
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- BioAstra Inc., New York, New York, USA
- The HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- The Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Tri-Institutional Biology and Medicine program, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- WorldQuant Initiative for Quantitative Prediction, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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10
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Urban S, Chmura O, Wątor J, Panek P, Zapała B. The intensive physical activity causes changes in the composition of gut and oral microbiota. Sci Rep 2024; 14:20858. [PMID: 39242653 PMCID: PMC11379964 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-71684-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to compare the gut and oral microbiota composition of professional male football players and amateurs. Environmental and behavioral factors are well known to modulate intestinal microbiota composition. Active lifestyle behaviors are involved in the improvement of metabolic and inflammatory parameters. Exercise promotes adaptational changes in human metabolic capacities affecting microbial homeostasis. Twenty professional football players and twelve amateurs were invited to the study groups. Fecal and oral microbiota were analyzed using next-generation sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. Diversity in the oral microbiota composition was similar in amateurs and professionals, while the increase in training intensity reduced the number of bacterial species. In contrast, the analysis of the intestinal microbiota showed the greatest differentiation between professional football players and amateurs, especially during intensive training. Firmicutes were characterized by the largest population in all the studied groups. Intensive physical activity increases the abundance of butyrate and succinate-producing bacteria affecting host metabolic homeostasis, suggesting a very beneficial role for the host immune system's microbiome homeostasis and providing a proper function of the host immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szymon Urban
- Trauma and Orthopaedics Department, University Hospital in Krakow, Kraków, Poland
| | - Olaf Chmura
- Student Society of Nutrigenomics, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Julia Wątor
- Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Piotr Panek
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Barbara Zapała
- Centre for Innovative Medical Education, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland.
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11
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Batitucci G, Abud GF, Ortiz GU, Belisário LF, Travieso SG, de Lima Viliod MC, Venturini ACR, de Freitas EC. Sarcobesity: New paradigms for healthy aging related to taurine supplementation, gut microbiota and exercise. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 101:102460. [PMID: 39173917 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
Enigmatic sarcopenic obesity is still a challenge for science and adds to the global public health burden. The progressive accumulation of body fat combined with a dysfunctional skeletal muscle structure and composition, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and anabolic resistance, among other aggravating factors, together represent the seriousness and complexity of treating the metabolic disorder of sarcobesity in aging. For this reason, further studies are needed that encourage the support of therapeutic management. It is along these lines that we direct the reader to therapeutic approaches that demonstrate important, but still obscure, outcomes in the physiological conditions of sarcobesity, such as the role of taurine in modulating inflammatory and antioxidant mechanisms in muscle and adipose tissue, as well as the management of gut microbiota, able to systemically re-establish the structure and function of the gut-muscle axis, in addition to the merits of physical exercise as an instrument to improve muscular health and lifestyle quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Batitucci
- School of Medical Sciences, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Ferreira Abud
- Department of Health Sciences, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo - FMRP/USP, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Ueta Ortiz
- Department of Health Sciences, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo - FMRP/USP, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucas Fernandes Belisário
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, School of Physical Education and Sports of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo - EEFERP/USP, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Sofia Germano Travieso
- Department of Health Sciences, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo - FMRP/USP, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcela Coffacci de Lima Viliod
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, School of Physical Education and Sports of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo - EEFERP/USP, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Ana Cláudia Rossini Venturini
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, School of Physical Education and Sports of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo - EEFERP/USP, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Ellen Cristini de Freitas
- Department of Health Sciences, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo - FMRP/USP, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, School of Physical Education and Sports of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo - EEFERP/USP, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil.
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12
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Leng J, Moller-Levet C, Mansergh RI, O'Flaherty R, Cooke R, Sells P, Pinkham C, Pynn O, Smith C, Wise Z, Ellis R, Couto Alves A, La Ragione R, Proudman C. Early-life gut bacterial community structure predicts disease risk and athletic performance in horses bred for racing. Sci Rep 2024; 14:17124. [PMID: 39112552 PMCID: PMC11306797 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64657-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Gut bacterial communities have a profound influence on the health of humans and animals. Early-life gut microbial community structure influences the development of immunological competence and susceptibility to disease. For the Thoroughbred racehorse, the significance of early-life microbial colonisation events on subsequent health and athletic performance is unknown. Here we present data from a three-year cohort study of horses bred for racing designed to explore interactions between early-life gut bacterial community structure, health events in later life and athletic performance on the racetrack. Our data show that gut bacterial community structure in the first months of life predicts the risk of specific diseases and athletic performance up to three years old. Foals with lower faecal bacterial diversity at one month old had a significantly increased risk of respiratory disease in later life which was also associated with higher relative abundance of faecal Pseudomonadaceae. Surprisingly, athletic performance up to three years old, measured by three different metrics, was positively associated with higher faecal bacterial diversity at one month old and with the relative abundance of specific bacterial families. We also present data on the impact of antibiotic exposure of foals during the first month of life. This resulted in significantly lower faecal bacterial diversity at 28 days old, a significantly increased risk of respiratory disease in later life and a significant reduction in average prize money earnings, a proxy for athletic performance. Our study reveals associations between early-life bacterial community profiles and health events in later life and it provides evidence of the detrimental impact of antimicrobial treatment in the first month of life on health and performance outcomes in later life. For the first time, this study demonstrates a relationship between early-life gut bacterial communities and subsequent athletic performance that has implications for athletes of all species including humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Leng
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Daphne Jackson Road, Guildford, GU2 7AL, UK
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK
| | - C Moller-Levet
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Edward Jenner Building, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, UK
| | - R I Mansergh
- Department of Earth Sciences, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - R O'Flaherty
- Avonvale Vets, 6 Broxell Close, Warwick, CV34 5QF, UK
| | - R Cooke
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Daphne Jackson Road, Guildford, GU2 7AL, UK
| | - P Sells
- Chasemore Farm, Orbital Veterinary Services, Bookham Road, Downside, Cobham, KT11 3JT, UK
| | - C Pinkham
- Pinkham Equine Veterinary Services, Home Farm Offices, Netherhapton, Salisbury, SP2 8PJ, UK
| | - O Pynn
- Rossdales Equine Practice, Beaufort Cottage Stables, High Street, Newmarket, CB8 8JS, UK
| | - C Smith
- Newmarket Equine Hospital, Cambridge Road, Newmarket, CB8 OFG, UK
| | - Z Wise
- Newmarket Equine Hospital, Cambridge Road, Newmarket, CB8 OFG, UK
| | - R Ellis
- Surveillance and Laboratory Services Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Weybridge, Addlestone, KT15 3NB, UK
| | - A Couto Alves
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Edward Jenner Building, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, UK
| | - R La Ragione
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Daphne Jackson Road, Guildford, GU2 7AL, UK
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Edward Jenner Building, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, UK
| | - C Proudman
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Daphne Jackson Road, Guildford, GU2 7AL, UK.
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13
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Li M, Lv W, Zhao Y, Huang W, Yuan Q, Yang H, Wang A, Zhou W, Li M. Effects of Substituting Tenebrio molitor and Elodea nuttallii as Feed on Growth, Flesh Quality and Intestinal Microbiota of Red Swamp Crayfish ( Procambarus clarkii). Foods 2024; 13:2292. [PMID: 39063375 PMCID: PMC11275352 DOI: 10.3390/foods13142292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the impact of substituting a portion of feed with Tenebrio molitor (TM) and Elodea nuttallii (EN) on crayfish culture. A total of 270 crayfish (5.1 ± 0.4 g) were fed three different diet combinations (A: 100% feed; B: 80% feed + 10% TM + 10% EN; C: 75% feed + 15% TM + 10% EN) for 12 weeks. The findings demonstrated that group C had an important beneficial impact on the growth performance of crayfish. This was evidenced by a rise in digestive enzyme activity (trypsin, lipase, and cellulase) in the intestinal and hepatopancreas, as well as an upregulation in the expression of growth-related genes (ghsr, igfbp7, mhc, mlc1, mef2, and pax7) in the muscle. Furthermore, the assessment of the flesh quality of crayfish muscle in group C was conducted. The findings indicated a significant increase (p < 0.05) in the energy value (moisture, crude protein, and crude lipid) within the muscle. The levels of delicious amino acids (Glu, Ala, Ser, Gly, and Tyr) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (ARA, DHA) were enhanced, resulting in an improved nutritional profile and flavor of the muscle while maintaining the Σn-3/Σn-6 ratio. The remodeling of the intestinal microbiota (abundance of Proteobacteria and ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidota bacteria) also revealed improved growth performance. Additional research is necessary to ascertain whether excessive use of TM or EN feed substitution can have negative effects on crayfish culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muyan Li
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (M.L.); (Y.Z.)
- Eco-Environmental Protection Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; (W.L.); (W.H.); (Q.Y.); (H.Y.)
| | - Weiwei Lv
- Eco-Environmental Protection Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; (W.L.); (W.H.); (Q.Y.); (H.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Yifan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (M.L.); (Y.Z.)
- Eco-Environmental Protection Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; (W.L.); (W.H.); (Q.Y.); (H.Y.)
| | - Weiwei Huang
- Eco-Environmental Protection Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; (W.L.); (W.H.); (Q.Y.); (H.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Quan Yuan
- Eco-Environmental Protection Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; (W.L.); (W.H.); (Q.Y.); (H.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Hang Yang
- Eco-Environmental Protection Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; (W.L.); (W.H.); (Q.Y.); (H.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Aimin Wang
- College of Marine and Biology Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China;
| | - Wenzong Zhou
- Eco-Environmental Protection Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; (W.L.); (W.H.); (Q.Y.); (H.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Mingyou Li
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (M.L.); (Y.Z.)
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14
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Jarmakiewicz-Czaja S, Gruszecka J, Filip R. The Diagnosis of Intestinal Fibrosis in Crohn's Disease-Present and Future. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6935. [PMID: 39000043 PMCID: PMC11241173 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25136935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Crohn's disease (CD) progresses with periods of remission and exacerbations. During exacerbations, chronic inflammation leads to tissue destruction. As a result, intestinal fibrosis may develop in response to the ongoing inflammatory process. Fibrosis in CD should be considered the result of the response of the intestinal wall (over) to the presence of inflammation in the deep structures of the intestinal wall. In the absence of ideal noninvasive methods, endoscopic evaluation in combination with biopsy, histopathological analysis, stool analysis, and blood analysis remains the gold standard for assessing both inflammation and fibrosis in CD. On the contrary, the ability to identify markers of intestinal fibrosis would help to develop new diagnostic and therapeutic methods to detect early stages of fibrosis. It is speculated that miRNAs may, in the future, become biomarkers for early noninvasive diagnosis in the treatment of intestinal fibrosis. The purpose of this review is to summarise existing diagnostic methods for Crohn's disease and present recent scientific reports on molecular testing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jolanta Gruszecka
- Institute of Health Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Clinical Hospital No. 2, 35-301 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Rafał Filip
- Institute of Medicine, Medical College of Rzeszow University, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland
- Department of Gastroenterology with IBD Unit, Clinical Hospital No. 2, 35-301 Rzeszow, Poland
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15
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Ludgate ME, Masetti G, Soares P. The relationship between the gut microbiota and thyroid disorders. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2024:10.1038/s41574-024-01003-w. [PMID: 38906998 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-024-01003-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
Disorders of the thyroid gland are common, more prevalent in women than in men, and range from inflammatory to neoplastic lesions. Autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD) affect 2-5% of the population, while thyroid cancer is the most frequent endocrine malignancy. Treatment for AITD is still restricted to management rather than prevention or cure. Progress has been made in identifying genetic variants that predispose to AITD and thyroid cancer, but the increasing prevalence of all thyroid disorders indicates that factors other than genes are involved. The gut microbiota, which begins to develop before birth, is highly sensitive to diet and the environment, providing a potential mechanism for non-communicable diseases to become communicable. Its functions extend beyond maintenance of gut integrity: the gut microbiota regulates the immune system, contributes to thyroid hormone metabolism and can generate or catabolize carcinogens, all of which are relevant to AITD and thyroid cancer. Observational and interventional studies in animal models support a role for the gut microbiota in AITD, which has been confirmed in some reports from human cohorts, although considerable geographic variation is apparent. Reports of a role for the microbiota in thyroid cancer are more limited, but evidence supports a relationship between gut dysbiosis and thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Paula Soares
- Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto (FMUP), Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde da Universidade do Porto (I3S), Porto, Portugal
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16
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Lv W, Li M, Mao Y, Huang W, Yuan Q, Li M, Zhou Q, Yang H, Zhou W. Effects of dietary melatonin supplementation on growth performance and intestinal health of rice field eel (Monopterus albus). COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. PART D, GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2024; 52:101273. [PMID: 38870552 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2024.101273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
The objective was to assess the impact of melatonin supplementation on the growth performance and intestinal health of rice field eel, Monopterus albus. Three hundred and sixty fish (28.46 ± 0.24 g) were fed five diets supplemented with melatonin of 0, 30, 60, 120, and 240 mg/kg for 70 days. The study found that the variables FBW, WGR, SGR, and FCR exhibited a statistically significant quadratic relationship (P < 0.05) with the dietary melatonin concentrations, and the highest FBW, WGR and SGR as well as lowest FCR were observed in the 120 mg/kg melatonin group, digestive enzymes activities (such as amylase, trypsin, and lipase) also had significant quadratic relationship (P < 0.05), and the highest intestinal villus height and goblet cells were found in the 120 mg/kg diet (P < 0.01), melatonin in diets significantly increased SOD and CAT activities in serum, up-regulated the expression of anti-inflammatory factors (IL-10) and tight junction protein (ZO-1), and down-regulated the expression of pro-inflammatory factors (IL-1β, IL-8, IL-15, and TNF-α) in the gut, dietary melatonin improved the intestinal microflora compositions, in the group that supplementation a dosage of 120 mg/kg, there was a noticeable rise in the abundance of Firmicutes and the ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidota, compared with control group (P < 0.1). Conclusively, dietary supplementation of melatonin promoted growth performance, enhanced intestinal immune capacity and serum antioxidant level, and improved intestinal morphology properties and intestinal flora composition in M. albus. In conclusion, based on quadratic broken-line regression analysis of WGR and FCR, the optimal concentration of melatonin to be supplied is predicted to be 146-148 mg/kg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Lv
- Eco-environmental Protection Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Muyan Li
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Yifan Mao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Weiwei Huang
- Eco-environmental Protection Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Quan Yuan
- Eco-environmental Protection Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Mingyou Li
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Qiubai Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Hang Yang
- Eco-environmental Protection Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China.
| | - Wenzong Zhou
- Eco-environmental Protection Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China.
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17
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Wang D, Cai J, Pei Q, Yan Z, Zhu F, Zhao Z, Liu R, Guo X, Sun T, Liu J, Tian Y, Liu H, Shao X, Huang J, Hao X, Chang Q, Luo Z, Jing D. Gut microbial alterations in arginine metabolism determine bone mechanical adaptation. Cell Metab 2024; 36:1252-1268.e8. [PMID: 38718794 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2024.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Although mechanical loading is essential for maintaining bone health and combating osteoporosis, its practical application is limited to a large extent by the high variability in bone mechanoresponsiveness. Here, we found that gut microbial depletion promoted a significant reduction in skeletal adaptation to mechanical loading. Among experimental mice, we observed differences between those with high and low responses to exercise with respect to the gut microbial composition, in which the differential abundance of Lachnospiraceae contributed to the differences in bone mechanoresponsiveness. Microbial production of L-citrulline and its conversion into L-arginine were identified as key regulators of bone mechanoadaptation, and administration of these metabolites enhanced bone mechanoresponsiveness in normal, aged, and ovariectomized mice. Mechanistically, L-arginine-mediated enhancement of bone mechanoadaptation was primarily attributable to the activation of a nitric-oxide-calcium positive feedback loop in osteocytes. This study identifies a promising anti-osteoporotic strategy for maximizing mechanical loading-induced skeletal benefits via the microbiota-metabolite axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China; Faculty of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Jing Cai
- College of Basic Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, China.
| | - Qilin Pei
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Zedong Yan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Feng Zhu
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Zhe Zhao
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Ruobing Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Xiangyang Guo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Tao Sun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Juan Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Yulan Tian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Hongbo Liu
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University Xi'an Third Hospital, Xi'an 710016, China
| | - Xi Shao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Jinghui Huang
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Xiaoxia Hao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Qi Chang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The 989(th) Hospital of the People's Liberation Army Joint Service Support Force, Luoyang 471031, China.
| | - Zhuojing Luo
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - Da Jing
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China; Institute of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China; The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
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18
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Chrysant SG. The role of gut microbiota in the development of salt-sensitive hypertension and the possible preventive effect of exercise. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2024; 22:265-271. [PMID: 38823009 DOI: 10.1080/14779072.2024.2364031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of the present study is to analyze the data indicating an association between high salt intake and the gastrointestinal microbiota in the development of salt-sensitive hypertension in animals and men. It is also, to discuss the preventive effects of exercise on gut-induced hypertension by favorably modifying the composition of gut microbiota. AREAS COVERED Salt sensitivity is quite common, accounting for 30%-60% in hypertensive subjects. Recently, a novel cause for salt-sensitive hypertension has been discovered through the action of gut microbiota by the secretion of several hormones and the action of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs). In addition, recent studies indicate that exercise might favorably modify the adverse effects of gut microbiota regarding their effects on BP. To identify the role of gut microbiota on the incidence of hypertension and CVD and the beneficial effect of exercise, a Medline search of the English literature was conducted between 2018 and 2023 and 42 pertinent papers were selected. EXPERT OPINION The analysis of data from the selected papers disclosed that the gut microbiota contribute significantly to the development of salt-sensitive hypertension and that exercise modifies their gut composition and ameliorates their adverse effects on BP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven G Chrysant
- Cardiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
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19
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Moura F, Romeiro C, Petriz B, Cavichiolli N, Almeida JA, Castro A, Franco OL. Endurance exercise associated with a fructooligosaccharide diet modulates gut microbiota and increases colon absorptive area. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024; 39:1145-1154. [PMID: 38642000 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.16563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Fructooligosaccharide (FOS) supplementation can stimulate beneficial intestinal bacteria growth, but little is known about its influence on training performance. Therefore, this study analyzed FOS and exercise effects on gut microbiota and intestinal morphology of C57Bl/6 mice. METHODS Forty male mice were divided into four groups: standard diet-sedentary (SDS), standard diet-exercised (SDE), FOS supplemented (7.5% FOS)-sedentary (FDS), and FOS supplemented-exercised (FDE), n = 10 each group. Exercise training consisted of 60 min/day, 3 days/week, for 12 weeks. RESULTS SDE and FDE groups had an increase in aerobic performance compared to the pretraining period and SDS and FDS groups (P < 0.01), respectively. Groups with FOS increased colonic crypts size (P < 0.05). The FDE group presented rich microbiota (α-diversity) compared to other groups. The FDE group also acquired a greater microbial abundance (β-diversity) than other groups. The FDE group had a decrease in the Ruminococcaceae (P < 0.002) and an increase in Roseburia (P < 0.003), Enterorhabdus (P < 0.004) and Anaerotruncus (P < 0.006). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that aerobic exercise associated with FOS supplementation modulates gut microbiota and can increase colonic crypt size without improving endurance exercise performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe Moura
- Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology of Exercise, University Center UDF, Brasília, Brazil
- Center for Proteomic and Biochemical Analysis, Postgraduate Program in Genomic Sciences and Biotechnology, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Caroline Romeiro
- Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Bernardo Petriz
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology of Exercise, University Center UDF, Brasília, Brazil
- Center for Proteomic and Biochemical Analysis, Postgraduate Program in Genomic Sciences and Biotechnology, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Nathalia Cavichiolli
- S-Inova Biotech, Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Catholic University Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | | | - Alinne Castro
- S-Inova Biotech, Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Catholic University Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Octavio L Franco
- Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
- Center for Proteomic and Biochemical Analysis, Postgraduate Program in Genomic Sciences and Biotechnology, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
- S-Inova Biotech, Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Catholic University Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, Brazil
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20
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Aya JV, Vega LC, Muñoz E, Muñoz M, López DF, Guzmán MP, Martínez DF, Cruz-Saavedra LB, Castillo AK, Quintero KJ, Gónzalez Soltero R, Cala MP, Ramírez JD. Divergent Gut Microbiota: Archaeal and Bacterial Signatures Unveil Unique Patterns in Colombian Cyclists Compared to Weightlifters and Non-Athletes. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2024; 8:e2400069. [PMID: 38548661 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202400069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Engagement in physical activity, across various sports, promotes a diverse microbiota in active individuals. This study examines the gut microbiota of Colombian athletes, specifically weightlifters (n = 16) and road cyclists (n = 13), compared to non-athletes (n = 15). Using Kruskal-Wallis tests, the physical activity level of a group of non-athletic individuals and the sports experience of a group of professional athletes is analyzed. The median age of participants is 24 years, comprising 25 men and 19 women. The microbiota is collected using fecal samples. Participants provided these samples during their pre-competitive stage, specifically during the concentration phase occurring two weeks prior to national competitions. This timing is chosen to capture the microbial composition during a period of heightened physical preparation. Questionnaire responses and microbial composition assessments identify disparities among groups. Microbial composition analysis explores core microbiome, abundance, and taxonomy using Pavian, MicrobiomeAnalyst 2.0, and GraPhlAn. ANCOM-BC2 reveals differentially abundant species. Road cyclists exhibit decreased Bacteria and increased Archaea abundance. Phylum-level variations included Planctomycetes, Acidobacteria, and Proteobacteria, while Bacteroidetes prevailed. Key families influencing gut microbiota are Bacteroidaceae, Muribaculaceae, and Selenomonadaceae. Weightlifters exhibit unique viral and archaeal community connections, while cyclists showed specialized microbial interplay influenced by endurance exercise. Correlation network analysis emphasizes distinctive microbial interactions within athlete groups, shedding light on the impact of physical activities on gut microbiota and athlete health.
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Affiliation(s)
- J V Aya
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología-UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - L C Vega
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología-UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - E Muñoz
- Universidad Santo Tomás, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - M Muñoz
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología-UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
- Molecular Epidemiology Laboratory, Instituto de Biotecnología-UN (IBUN), Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - D F López
- Centro Latinoamericano de Nutrición (CELAN), Bogotá, Colombia
| | - M P Guzmán
- Centro Latinoamericano de Nutrición (CELAN), Bogotá, Colombia
| | - D F Martínez
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología-UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - L B Cruz-Saavedra
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología-UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - A K Castillo
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología-UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - K J Quintero
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología-UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - R Gónzalez Soltero
- MAS Microbiota Group, Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Spain
| | - M P Cala
- MetCore - Metabolomics Core Facility, Vice-Presidency for Research, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - J D Ramírez
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología-UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
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21
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Aykut MN, Erdoğan EN, Çelik MN, Gürbüz M. An Updated View of the Effect of Probiotic Supplement on Sports Performance: A Detailed Review. Curr Nutr Rep 2024; 13:251-263. [PMID: 38470560 PMCID: PMC11133216 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-024-00527-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Modulation of the host microbiota through probiotics has been shown to have beneficial effects on health in the growing body of research. Exercise increases the amount and diversity of beneficial microorganisms in the host microbiome. Although low- and moderate-intensity exercise has been shown to reduce physiological stress and improve immune function, high-intensity prolonged exercise can suppress immune function and reduce microbial diversity due to intestinal hypoperfusion. The effect of probiotic supplementation on sports performance is still being studied; however, questions remain regarding the mechanisms of action, strain used, and dose. In this review, the aim was to investigate the effects of probiotic supplements on exercise performance through modulation of gut microbiota and alleviation of GI symptoms, promotion of the immune system, bioavailability of nutrients, and aerobic metabolism. RECENT FINDINGS Probiotic supplementation may improve sports performance by reducing the adverse effects of prolonged high-intensity exercise. Although probiotics have been reported to have positive effects on sports performance, information about the microbiome and nutrition of athletes has not been considered in most current studies. This may have limited the evaluation of the effects of probiotic supplementation on sports performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miray Nur Aykut
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Esma Nur Erdoğan
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Menşure Nur Çelik
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Murat Gürbüz
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey.
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22
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Zhang L, Li H, Song Z, Liu Y, Zhang X. Dietary Strategies to Improve Exercise Performance by Modulating the Gut Microbiota. Foods 2024; 13:1680. [PMID: 38890909 PMCID: PMC11171530 DOI: 10.3390/foods13111680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Numerous research studies have shown that moderate physical exercise exerts positive effects on gastrointestinal tract health and increases the variety and relative number of beneficial microorganisms in the intestinal microbiota. Increasingly, studies have shown that the gut microbiota is critical for energy metabolism, immunological response, oxidative stress, skeletal muscle metabolism, and the regulation of the neuroendocrine system, which are significant for the physiological function of exercise. Dietary modulation targeting the gut microbiota is an effective prescription for improving exercise performance and alleviating exercise fatigue. This article discusses the connection between exercise and the makeup of the gut microbiota, as well as the detrimental effects of excessive exercise on gut health. Herein, we elaborate on the possible mechanism of the gut microbiota in improving exercise performance, which involves enhancing skeletal muscle function, reducing oxidative stress, and regulating the neuroendocrine system. The effects of dietary nutrition strategies and probiotic supplementation on exercise from the perspective of the gut microbiota are also discussed in this paper. A deeper understanding of the potential mechanism by which the gut microbiota exerts positive effects on exercise and dietary nutrition recommendations targeting the gut microbiota is significant for improving exercise performance. However, further investigation is required to fully comprehend the intricate mechanisms at work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Department of Physical Education, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing 100083, China; (L.Z.); (H.L.)
| | - Haoyu Li
- Department of Physical Education, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing 100083, China; (L.Z.); (H.L.)
| | - Zheyi Song
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (Z.S.)
| | - Yanan Liu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (Z.S.)
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (Z.S.)
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23
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Jang YJ, Choi HS, Oh I, Chung JH, Moon JS. Effects of Limosilactobacillus reuteri ID-D01 Probiotic Supplementation on Exercise Performance and Gut Microbiota in Sprague-Dawley Rats. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2024:10.1007/s12602-024-10257-9. [PMID: 38635106 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-024-10257-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
The gut microbiota composition in animals and humans has recently been found to be influenced by exercise. Although Limosilactobacillus reuteri strains have notable probiotic properties that promote human health, understanding of its effects in combination with exercise and physical activity is limited. Therefore, this study examined the effects of L. reuteri ID-D01, a human-derived probiotic, on exercise performance and fatigue in Sprague-Dawley rats. Organ weight, maximal running distance, serum biochemistry, muscle performance, microbial community composition, and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) levels were assessed. Results indicated that ID-D01 supplementation significantly improved endurance performance. Rats in the probiotic group demonstrated a significant increase in maximal running distance compared with that in the control group (p < 0.05). Additionally, levels of fatigue markers, such as lactate and creatine phosphokinase, were significantly reduced in the ID-D01-administered groups, suggesting its potential to alleviate exercise-induced fatigue. Microbiome analysis revealed a distinct shift in gut microbiota composition in response to ID-D01 administration. The group that received ID-D01 probiotics exhibited a significant increase in the abundance of SCFA-producing bacteria, particularly Akkermansia spp., compared with that in the control groups. Furthermore, they showed elevated production of SCFAs, such as acetate and butyrate. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that ID-D01 can enhance exercise performance and reduce fatigue. Herein, we highlighted that human-derived probiotics could improve physical performance, as observed by changes in gut microbiota composition and SCFA production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye-Ji Jang
- YUNOVIA Co., Ltd, Hwaseong, 18449, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Sol Choi
- YUNOVIA Co., Ltd, Hwaseong, 18449, Republic of Korea
| | - Ikhoon Oh
- YUNOVIA Co., Ltd, Hwaseong, 18449, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Jin Seok Moon
- YUNOVIA Co., Ltd, Hwaseong, 18449, Republic of Korea.
- Ildong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Seoul, 06752, Republic of Korea.
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24
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Bertuccioli A, Zonzini GB, Cazzaniga M, Cardinali M, Di Pierro F, Gregoretti A, Zerbinati N, Guasti L, Matera MR, Cavecchia I, Palazzi CM. Sports-Related Gastrointestinal Disorders: From the Microbiota to the Possible Role of Nutraceuticals, a Narrative Analysis. Microorganisms 2024; 12:804. [PMID: 38674748 PMCID: PMC11051759 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12040804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Intense physical exercise can be related to a significant incidence of gastrointestinal symptoms, with a prevalence documented in the literature above 80%, especially for more intense forms such as running. This is in an initial phase due to the distancing of the flow of blood from the digestive system to the skeletal muscle and thermoregulatory systems, and secondarily to sympathetic nervous activation and hormonal response with alteration of intestinal motility, transit, and nutrient absorption capacity. The sum of these effects results in a localized inflammatory process with disruption of the intestinal microbiota and, in the long term, systemic inflammation. The most frequent early symptoms include abdominal cramps, flatulence, the urge to defecate, rectal bleeding, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, regurgitation, chest pain, heartburn, and belching. Promoting the stability of the microbiota can contribute to the maintenance of correct intestinal permeability and functionality, with better control of these symptoms. The literature documents various acute and chronic alterations of the microbiota following the practice of different types of activities. Several nutraceuticals can have functional effects on the control of inflammatory dynamics and the stability of the microbiota, exerting both nutraceutical and prebiotic effects. In particular, curcumin, green tea catechins, boswellia, berberine, and cranberry PACs can show functional characteristics in the management of these situations. This narrative review will describe its application potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Bertuccioli
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61122 Urbino, Italy; (A.B.); (G.B.Z.); (M.C.)
- Microbiota International Clinical Society, 10123 Torino, Italy; (M.C.); (F.D.P.); (A.G.); (M.R.M.); (I.C.)
| | - Giordano Bruno Zonzini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61122 Urbino, Italy; (A.B.); (G.B.Z.); (M.C.)
| | - Massimiliano Cazzaniga
- Microbiota International Clinical Society, 10123 Torino, Italy; (M.C.); (F.D.P.); (A.G.); (M.R.M.); (I.C.)
- Scientific & Research Department, Velleja Research, 20125 Milano, Italy
| | - Marco Cardinali
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61122 Urbino, Italy; (A.B.); (G.B.Z.); (M.C.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Infermi Hospital, AUSL Romagna, 47921 Rimini, Italy
| | - Francesco Di Pierro
- Microbiota International Clinical Society, 10123 Torino, Italy; (M.C.); (F.D.P.); (A.G.); (M.R.M.); (I.C.)
- Scientific & Research Department, Velleja Research, 20125 Milano, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insurbia, 21100 Varese, Italy; (N.Z.); (L.G.)
| | - Aurora Gregoretti
- Microbiota International Clinical Society, 10123 Torino, Italy; (M.C.); (F.D.P.); (A.G.); (M.R.M.); (I.C.)
| | - Nicola Zerbinati
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insurbia, 21100 Varese, Italy; (N.Z.); (L.G.)
| | - Luigina Guasti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insurbia, 21100 Varese, Italy; (N.Z.); (L.G.)
| | - Maria Rosaria Matera
- Microbiota International Clinical Society, 10123 Torino, Italy; (M.C.); (F.D.P.); (A.G.); (M.R.M.); (I.C.)
| | - Ilaria Cavecchia
- Microbiota International Clinical Society, 10123 Torino, Italy; (M.C.); (F.D.P.); (A.G.); (M.R.M.); (I.C.)
| | - Chiara Maria Palazzi
- Microbiota International Clinical Society, 10123 Torino, Italy; (M.C.); (F.D.P.); (A.G.); (M.R.M.); (I.C.)
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25
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Chen ZT, Ding CC, Chen KL, Gu YJ, Lu CC, Li QY. Causal roles of gut microbiota in cholangiocarcinoma etiology suggested by genetic study. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2024; 16:1319-1333. [PMID: 38660662 PMCID: PMC11037042 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v16.i4.1319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a highly malignant biliary tract cancer with poor prognosis. Previous studies have implicated the gut microbiota in CCA, but evidence for causal mechanisms is lacking. AIM To investigate the causal relationship between gut microbiota and CCA risk. METHODS We performed a two-sample mendelian randomization study to evaluate potential causal associations between gut microbiota and CCA risk using genome-wide association study summary statistics for 196 gut microbial taxa and CCA. Genetic variants were used as instrumental variables. Multiple sensitivity analyses assessed result robustness. RESULTS Fifteen gut microbial taxa showed significant causal associations with CCA risk. Higher genetically predicted abundance of genus Eubacteriumnodatum group, genus Ruminococcustorques group, genus Coprococcus, genus Dorea, and phylum Actinobacteria were associated with reduced risk of gallbladder cancer and extrahepatic CCA. Increased intrahepatic CCA risk was associated with higher abundance of family Veillonellaceae, genus Alistipes, order Enterobacteriales, and phylum Firmicutes. Protective effects against CCA were suggested for genus Collinsella, genus Eisenbergiella, genus Anaerostipes, genus Paraprevotella, genus Parasutterella, and phylum Verrucomicrobia. Sensitivity analyses indicated these findings were reliable without pleiotropy. CONCLUSION This pioneering study provides novel evidence that specific gut microbiota may play causal roles in CCA risk. Further experimental validation of these candidate microbes is warranted to consolidate causality and mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Tao Chen
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Shuren University Shulan International Medical College, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Chen-Chen Ding
- Pediatric Psychology, The Affiliated Mental Health Centre & Hangzhou Seventh People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Kai-Lei Chen
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yang-Jun Gu
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Shuren University Shulan International Medical College, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Chi-Cheng Lu
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University Zhejiang Shuren College, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Qi-Yong Li
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Shuren University Shulan International Medical College, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang Province, China
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26
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Toda K, Yoshimoto S, Yoshida K, Mitsuyama E, Iwabuchi N, Hosomi K, Sanada TJ, Tanaka M, Nanri H, Kunisawa J, Odamaki T, Miyachi M. An Exploratory Study on Seasonal Variation in the Gut Microbiota of Athletes: Insights from Japanese Handball Players. Microorganisms 2024; 12:781. [PMID: 38674725 PMCID: PMC11051819 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12040781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite accumulating evidence that suggests a unique gut microbiota composition in athletes, a comprehensive understanding of this phenomenon is lacking. Furthermore, seasonal variation in the gut microbiota of athletes, particularly during the off-season, remains underexplored. This study aimed to compare the gut microbiotas between athletic subjects (AS) and non-athletic subjects (NS), and to investigate variations between athletic and off-season periods. The data were derived from an observational study involving Japanese male handball players. The results revealed a distinct gut microbiota composition in AS compared with NS, characterized by significantly higher alpha-diversity and a greater relative abundance of Faecalibacterium and Streptococcus. Moreover, a comparative analysis between athletic and off-season periods in AS demonstrated a significant change in alpha-diversity. Notably, AS exhibited significantly higher alpha-diversity than NS during the athletic season, but no significant difference was observed during the off-season. This study demonstrates the characteristics of the gut microbiota of Japanese handball players and highlights the potential for changes in alpha-diversity during the off-season. These findings contribute to our understanding of the dynamic nature of the gut microbiota of athletes throughout the season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Toda
- Innovative Research Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., Zama 252-8583, Kanagawa, Japan; (K.T.); (S.Y.); (K.Y.); (E.M.); (N.I.); (M.T.)
| | - Shin Yoshimoto
- Innovative Research Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., Zama 252-8583, Kanagawa, Japan; (K.T.); (S.Y.); (K.Y.); (E.M.); (N.I.); (M.T.)
| | - Keisuke Yoshida
- Innovative Research Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., Zama 252-8583, Kanagawa, Japan; (K.T.); (S.Y.); (K.Y.); (E.M.); (N.I.); (M.T.)
| | - Eri Mitsuyama
- Innovative Research Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., Zama 252-8583, Kanagawa, Japan; (K.T.); (S.Y.); (K.Y.); (E.M.); (N.I.); (M.T.)
| | - Noriyuki Iwabuchi
- Innovative Research Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., Zama 252-8583, Kanagawa, Japan; (K.T.); (S.Y.); (K.Y.); (E.M.); (N.I.); (M.T.)
| | - Koji Hosomi
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, Microbial Research Center for Health and Medicine, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki 567-0085, Osaka, Japan; (K.H.); (T.J.S.); (J.K.)
| | - Takayuki Jujo Sanada
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, Microbial Research Center for Health and Medicine, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki 567-0085, Osaka, Japan; (K.H.); (T.J.S.); (J.K.)
- Department of Respirology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Chiba, Japan
| | - Miyuki Tanaka
- Innovative Research Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., Zama 252-8583, Kanagawa, Japan; (K.T.); (S.Y.); (K.Y.); (E.M.); (N.I.); (M.T.)
| | - Hinako Nanri
- Department of Physical Activity Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Settsu 566-0002, Osaka, Japan;
- Laboratory of Gut Microbiome for Health, Microbial Research Center for Health and Medicine, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki 567-0085, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jun Kunisawa
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, Microbial Research Center for Health and Medicine, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki 567-0085, Osaka, Japan; (K.H.); (T.J.S.); (J.K.)
- Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
- Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka 560-0043, Osaka, Japan
- International Vaccine Design Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku 108-8639, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Hyogo, Japan
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku 169-0072, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshitaka Odamaki
- Innovative Research Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., Zama 252-8583, Kanagawa, Japan; (K.T.); (S.Y.); (K.Y.); (E.M.); (N.I.); (M.T.)
| | - Motohiko Miyachi
- Department of Physical Activity Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Settsu 566-0002, Osaka, Japan;
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa 359-1192, Saitama, Japan
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27
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Tang H, Huang Y, Yuan D, Liu J. Atherosclerosis, gut microbiome, and exercise in a meta-omics perspective: a literature review. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17185. [PMID: 38584937 PMCID: PMC10999153 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide, significantly impacting public health. Atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases account for the majority of these deaths, with atherosclerosis marking the initial and most critical phase of their pathophysiological progression. There is a complex relationship between atherosclerosis, the gut microbiome's composition and function, and the potential mediating role of exercise. The adaptability of the gut microbiome and the feasibility of exercise interventions present novel opportunities for therapeutic and preventative approaches. Methodology We conducted a comprehensive literature review using professional databases such as PubMed and Web of Science. This review focuses on the application of meta-omics techniques, particularly metagenomics and metabolomics, in studying the effects of exercise interventions on the gut microbiome and atherosclerosis. Results Meta-omics technologies offer unparalleled capabilities to explore the intricate connections between exercise, the microbiome, the metabolome, and cardiometabolic health. This review highlights the advancements in metagenomics and metabolomics, their applications in research, and examines how exercise influences the gut microbiome. We delve into the mechanisms connecting these elements from a metabolic perspective. Metagenomics provides insight into changes in microbial strains post-exercise, while metabolomics sheds light on the shifts in metabolites. Together, these approaches offer a comprehensive understanding of how exercise impacts atherosclerosis through specific mechanisms. Conclusions Exercise significantly influences atherosclerosis, with the gut microbiome serving as a critical intermediary. Meta-omics technology holds substantial promise for investigating the gut microbiome; however, its methodologies require further refinement. Additionally, there is a pressing need for more extensive cohort studies to enhance our comprehension of the connection among these element.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haotian Tang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yanqing Huang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Didi Yuan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Junwen Liu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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28
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Huang F, Lyu B, Xie F, Li F, Xing Y, Han Z, Lai J, Ma J, Zou Y, Zeng H, Xu Z, Gao P, Luo Y, Bolund L, Tong G, Fengping X. From gut to liver: unveiling the differences of intestinal microbiota in NAFL and NASH patients. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1366744. [PMID: 38638907 PMCID: PMC11024258 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1366744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is increasingly recognized for its global prevalence and potential progression to more severe liver diseases such as non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). The gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of NAFLD, yet the detailed characteristics and ecological alterations of gut microbial communities during the progression from non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) to NASH remain poorly understood. Methods: In this study, we conducted a comparative analysis of gut microbiota composition in individuals with NAFL and NASH to elucidate differences and characteristics. We utilized 16S rRNA sequencing to compare the intestinal gut microbiota among a healthy control group (65 cases), NAFL group (64 cases), and NASH group (53 cases). Random forest machine learning and database validation methods were employed to analyze the data. Results: Our findings indicate a significant decrease in the diversity of intestinal flora during the progression of NAFLD (p < 0.05). At the phylum level, high abundances of Bacteroidetes and Fusobacteria were observed in both NAFL and NASH patients, whereas Firmicutes were less abundant. At the genus level, a significant decrease in Prevotella expression was seen in the NAFL group (AUC 0.738), whereas an increase in the combination of Megamonas and Fusobacterium was noted in the NASH group (AUC 0.769). Furthermore, KEGG pathway analysis highlighted significant disturbances in various types of glucose metabolism pathways in the NASH group compared to the NAFL group, as well as notably compromised flavonoid and flavonol biosynthesis functions. The study uncovers distinct microbiota characteristics and microecological changes within the gut during the transition from NAFL to NASH, providing insights that could facilitate the discovery of novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets for NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Furong Huang
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
- Department of Hepatology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Sanming Project of Medicine in Shenzhen, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bo Lyu
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- BGI Cell, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fanci Xie
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
- People's Hospital of Longhua, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fang Li
- BGI, Shenzhen, China
- Qingdao-Europe Advanced Institute for Life Sciences, BGI Research, Qingdao, China
- Lars Bolund Institute of Regenerative Medicine, BGI-Qingdao, BGI Research, Qingdao, China
| | - Yufeng Xing
- Department of Hepatology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Sanming Project of Medicine in Shenzhen, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhiyi Han
- Department of Hepatology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Sanming Project of Medicine in Shenzhen, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jianping Lai
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | | | - Yuanqiang Zou
- BGI, Shenzhen, China
- Qingdao-Europe Advanced Institute for Life Sciences, BGI Research, Qingdao, China
| | - Hua Zeng
- Department of Hepatology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Sanming Project of Medicine in Shenzhen, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhe Xu
- BGI, Shenzhen, China
- Qingdao-Europe Advanced Institute for Life Sciences, BGI Research, Qingdao, China
- Lars Bolund Institute of Regenerative Medicine, BGI-Qingdao, BGI Research, Qingdao, China
| | - Pan Gao
- BGI, Shenzhen, China
- Qingdao-Europe Advanced Institute for Life Sciences, BGI Research, Qingdao, China
- Lars Bolund Institute of Regenerative Medicine, BGI-Qingdao, BGI Research, Qingdao, China
| | - Yonglun Luo
- Department of Sanming Project of Medicine in Shenzhen, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- BGI Cell, Shenzhen, China
- BGI, Shenzhen, China
- Qingdao-Europe Advanced Institute for Life Sciences, BGI Research, Qingdao, China
- Lars Bolund Institute of Regenerative Medicine, BGI-Qingdao, BGI Research, Qingdao, China
| | - Lars Bolund
- Department of Sanming Project of Medicine in Shenzhen, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- BGI Cell, Shenzhen, China
- BGI, Shenzhen, China
- Qingdao-Europe Advanced Institute for Life Sciences, BGI Research, Qingdao, China
- Lars Bolund Institute of Regenerative Medicine, BGI-Qingdao, BGI Research, Qingdao, China
| | - Guangdong Tong
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
- Department of Hepatology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Sanming Project of Medicine in Shenzhen, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xu Fengping
- Department of Sanming Project of Medicine in Shenzhen, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- BGI Cell, Shenzhen, China
- BGI, Shenzhen, China
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Sochacka K, Kotowska A, Lachowicz-Wiśniewska S. The Role of Gut Microbiota, Nutrition, and Physical Activity in Depression and Obesity-Interdependent Mechanisms/Co-Occurrence. Nutrients 2024; 16:1039. [PMID: 38613071 PMCID: PMC11013804 DOI: 10.3390/nu16071039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity and depression are interdependent pathological disorders with strong inflammatory effects commonly found worldwide. They determine the health status of the population and cause key problems in terms of morbidity and mortality. The role of gut microbiota and its composition in the treatment of obesity and psychological factors is increasingly emphasized. Published research suggests that prebiotic, probiotic, or symbiotic preparations can effectively intervene in obesity treatment and mood-dysregulation alleviation. Thus, this literature review aims to highlight the role of intestinal microbiota in treating depression and obesity. An additional purpose is to indicate probiotics, including psychobiotics and prebiotics, potentially beneficial in supporting the treatment of these two diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Sochacka
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Calisia University, 62-800 Kalisz, Poland;
| | - Agata Kotowska
- Department of Social Policy, Institute of Sociological Sciences, College of Social Sciences, University of Rzeszow, 35-310 Rzeszow, Poland;
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30
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Kerksick CM, Moon JM, Jäger R. It's Dead! Can Postbiotics Really Help Performance and Recovery? A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2024; 16:720. [PMID: 38474848 PMCID: PMC10933997 DOI: 10.3390/nu16050720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, postbiotics have increased in popularity, but the potential relevancy of postbiotics for augmenting exercise performance, recovery, and health is underexplored. A systematic literature search of Google Scholar and PubMed databases was performed with the main objective being to identify and summarize the current body of scientific literature on postbiotic supplementation and outcomes related to exercise performance and recovery. Inclusion criteria for this systematic review consisted of peer-reviewed, randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled trials, with a population including healthy men or women >18 years of age. Studies required the incorporation of a postbiotic supplementation regimen and an outcome linked to exercise. Search terms included paraprobiotics, Tyndallized probiotics, ghost biotics, heat-killed probiotics, inactivated probiotics, nonviable probiotics, exercise, exercise performance, and recovery. Only investigations written in English were considered. Nine peer-reviewed manuscripts and two published abstracts from conference proceedings were included and reviewed. Supplementation periods ranged from 13 days to 12 weeks. A total of 477 subjects participated in the studies (n = 16-105/study) with reported results spanning a variety of exercise outcomes including exercise performance, recovery of lost strength, body composition, perceptual fatigue and soreness, daily logs of physical conditions, changes in mood states, and biomarkers associated with muscle damage, inflammation, immune modulation, and oxidative stress. Early evidence has provided some indication that postbiotic supplementation may help to support mood, reduce fatigue, and increase the readiness of athletes across several weeks of exercise training. However, more research is needed to further understand how postbiotics may augment health, resiliency, performance, and recovery. Future investigations should include longer supplementation periods spanning a wider variety of competitive athletes and exercising populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad M. Kerksick
- Exercise and Performance Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, College of Science, Technology, and Health, Lindenwood University, St. Charles, MO 63301, USA
| | - Jessica M. Moon
- Exercise Physiology, Intervention, and Collaboration Lab, School of Kinesiology and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Central Florida, 12494 University Blvd, Orlando, FL 32816, USA;
| | - Ralf Jäger
- Increnovo, LLC, Whitefish Bay, WI 53217, USA;
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31
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Hu ZQ, Hung YM, Chen LH, Lai LC, Pan MH, Chuang EY, Tsai MH. NURECON: A Novel Online System for Determining Nutrition Requirements Based on Microbial Composition. IEEE/ACM TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY AND BIOINFORMATICS 2024; 21:254-264. [PMID: 38568776 DOI: 10.1109/tcbb.2024.3349572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Dietary habits have been proven to have an impact on the microbial composition and health of the human gut. Over the past decade, researchers have discovered that gut microbiota can use nutrients to produce metabolites that have major implications for human physiology. However, there is no comprehensive system that specifically focuses on identifying nutrient deficiencies based on gut microbiota, making it difficult to interpret and compare gut microbiome data in the literature. This study proposes an analytical platform, NURECON, that can predict nutrient deficiency information in individuals by comparing their metagenomic information to a reference baseline. NURECON integrates a next-generation bacterial 16S rRNA analytical pipeline (QIIME2), metabolic pathway prediction tools (PICRUSt2 and KEGG), and a food compound database (FooDB) to enable the identification of missing nutrients and provide personalized dietary suggestions. Metagenomic information from total number of 287 healthy subjects was used to establish baseline microbial composition and metabolic profiles. The uploaded data is analyzed and compared to the baseline for nutrient deficiency assessment. Visualization results include gut microbial composition, related enzymes, pathways, and nutrient abundance. NURECON is a user-friendly online platform that provides nutritional advice to support dietitians' research or menu design.
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Kali VR, Meda SS. Functional nutrition for the health of exercising individuals and elite sportspersons. Nutr Health 2024; 30:49-59. [PMID: 37583297 DOI: 10.1177/02601060231191865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Elite sportspersons who are involved in high-intensity physical sports indulge in severe training and competition schedules, which exposes them to high levels of inflammatory and oxidative stress, hence it may hamper their health sometimes. Disturbance in the health of sportspersons also induces compromised performances. THE PREMISE FOR FUNCTIONAL NUTRITION Functional nutrition is essential for elite sportspersons training for securing both rest and recovery to have proper health and anticipated performance. Apart from serving the energy needs of the sportspersons, the nutrition strategies should provide them with certain metabolic advantages, which provide greater health and immunity, to ensure proper training and competition. The diet of the sportspersons needs to contain appropriate anti-inflammatory and antioxidative nutrients, to ensure to reduction and control of the physiological stress of tissues during high-intensity physical sports, especially during marathon running. Preserving anabolic valence among sportspersons for muscle myokine optimization is an essential aspect of sports nutrition, which secures health and provides excellent performance potential. Preservation and optimization of gut microbiome among sportspersons enhance immune health and performance, through proper gut integrity and enhanced metabolic cascades. As the genes are to be properly expressed for excellent manifestation in protein synthesis and other metabolic signaling, achieving genetic valance through proper nutrition ensures the health of the sportspersons. CONCLUSION Functional nutrition seems a very necessary and potent factor in the training and competition aspects of elite sportspersons since nutrition not only provides recovery but also ensures proper health for elite sportspersons.
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Moreno-Cortés ML, Meza-Alvarado JE, García-Mena J, Hernández-Rodríguez A. Chronodisruption and Gut Microbiota: Triggering Glycemic Imbalance in People with Type 2 Diabetes. Nutrients 2024; 16:616. [PMID: 38474745 DOI: 10.3390/nu16050616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The desynchronization of physiological and behavioral mechanisms influences the gut microbiota and eating behavior in mammals, as shown in both rodents and humans, leading to the development of pathologies such as Type 2 diabetes (T2D), obesity, and metabolic syndrome. Recent studies propose resynchronization as a key input controlling metabolic cycles and contributing to reducing the risk of suffering some chronic diseases such as diabetes, obesity, or metabolic syndrome. In this analytical review, we present an overview of how desynchronization and its implications for the gut microbiome make people vulnerable to intestinal dysbiosis and consequent chronic diseases. In particular, we explore the eubiosis-dysbiosis phenomenon and, finally, propose some topics aimed at addressing chronotherapy as a key strategy in the prevention of chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Luisa Moreno-Cortés
- Laboratorio de Biomedicina, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa 91190, Veracruz, Mexico
| | | | - Jaime García-Mena
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Cinvestav, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, CDMX 07360, Mexico
| | - Azucena Hernández-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Biomedicina, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa 91190, Veracruz, Mexico
- Facultad de Bioanálisis, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa 91010, Veracruz, Mexico
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Xu H, Yuan M, Niu K, Yang W, Jiang M, Zhang L, Zhou J. Involvement of Bile Acid Metabolism and Gut Microbiota in the Amelioration of Experimental Metabolism-Associated Fatty Liver Disease by Nobiletin. Molecules 2024; 29:976. [PMID: 38474489 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29050976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolism-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), a growing health problem worldwide, is one of the major risks for the development of cirrhosis and liver cancer. Oral administration of nobiletin (NOB), a natural citrus flavonoid, modulates the gut microbes and their metabolites in mice. In the present study, we established a mouse model of MAFLD by subjecting mice to a high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks. Throughout this timeframe, NOB was administered to investigate its potential benefits on gut microbial balance and bile acid (BA) metabolism using various techniques, including 16S rRNA sequencing, targeted metabolomics of BA, and biological assays. NOB effectively slowed the progression of MAFLD by reducing serum lipid levels, blood glucose levels, LPS levels, and hepatic IL-1β and TNF-α levels. Furthermore, NOB reinstated diversity within the gut microbial community, increasing the population of bacteria that produce bile salt hydrolase (BSH) to enhance BA excretion. By exploring further, we found NOB downregulated hepatic expression of the farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and its associated small heterodimer partner (SHP), and it increased the expression of downstream enzymes, including cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase (CYP7A1) and cytochrome P450 27A1 (CYP27A1). This acceleration in cholesterol conversion within the liver contributes to mitigating MAFLD. The present findings underscore the significant role of NOB in regulating gut microbial balance and BA metabolism, revealing that long-term intake of NOB plays beneficial roles in the prevention or intervention of MAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongling Xu
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Mingming Yuan
- Laboratory Animal Center Affiliate from Research Office, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Kailin Niu
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Laboratory Animal Center Affiliate from Research Office, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Maoyuan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
- Laboratory Animal Center Affiliate from Research Office, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Laboratory Animal Center Affiliate from Research Office, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
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Humińska-Lisowska K, Zielińska K, Mieszkowski J, Michałowska-Sawczyn M, Cięszczyk P, Łabaj PP, Wasąg B, Frączek B, Grzywacz A, Kochanowicz A, Kosciolek T. Microbiome features associated with performance measures in athletic and non-athletic individuals: A case-control study. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0297858. [PMID: 38381714 PMCID: PMC10880968 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The influence of human gut microbiota on health and disease is now commonly appreciated. Therefore, it is not surprising that microbiome research has found interest in the sports community, hoping to improve health and optimize performance. Comparative studies found new species or pathways that were more enriched in elites than sedentary controls. In addition, sport-specific and performance-level-specific microbiome features have been identified. However, the results remain inconclusive and indicate the need for further assessment. In this case-control study, we tested two athletic populations (i.e. strength athletes, endurance athletes) and a non-athletic, but physically active, control group across two acute exercise bouts, separated by a 2-week period, that measured explosive and high intensity fitness level (repeated 30-s all-out Wingate test (WT)) and cardiorespiratory fitness level (Bruce Treadmill Test). While we did not identify any group differences in alpha and beta diversity or significant differential abundance of microbiome components at baseline, one-third of the species identified were unique to each group. Longitudinal sample (pre- and post-exercise) analysis revealed an abundance of Alistipes communis in the strength group during the WT and 88 species with notable between-group differences during the Bruce Test. SparCC recognized Bifidobacterium longum and Bifidobacterium adolescentis, short-chain fatty acid producers with probiotic properties, species strongly associated with VO2max. Ultimately, we identified several taxa with different baseline abundances and longitudinal changes when comparing individuals based on their VO2max, average power, and maximal power parameters. Our results confirmed that the health status of individuals are consistent with assumptions about microbiome health. Furthermore, our findings indicate that microbiome features are associated with better performance previously identified in elite athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Humińska-Lisowska
- Faculty of Physical Culture, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Kinga Zielińska
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Cracow, Poland
| | - Jan Mieszkowski
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Lomza, Lomza, Poland
| | | | - Paweł Cięszczyk
- Faculty of Physical Culture, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Paweł P Łabaj
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Cracow, Poland
| | - Bartosz Wasąg
- Department of Biology and Medical Genetics, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Barbara Frączek
- Faculty of Physical Culture, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdansk, Poland
- Department of Sports Medicine and Human Nutrition, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University School of Physical Education, Cracow, Poland
| | - Anna Grzywacz
- Faculty of Physical Culture, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdansk, Poland
| | | | - Tomasz Kosciolek
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Cracow, Poland
- Department of Data Science and Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
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36
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Imdad S, So B, Jang J, Park J, Lee SJ, Kim JH, Kang C. Temporal variations in the gut microbial diversity in response to high-fat diet and exercise. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3282. [PMID: 38332014 PMCID: PMC10853223 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52852-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
High-fat diet-induced obesity is a pandemic caused by an inactive lifestyle and increased consumption of Western diets and is a major risk factor for diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. In contrast, exercise can positively influence gut microbial diversity and is linked to a decreased inflammatory state. To understand the gut microbial variations associated with exercise and high-fat diet over time, we conducted a longitudinal study to examine the effect of covariates on gut microbial diversity and composition. Young mice were divided into four groups: Chow-diet (CHD), high-fat diet (HFD), high-fat diet + exercise (HFX), and exercise only (EXE) and underwent experimental intervention for 12 weeks. Fecal samples at week 0 and 12 were collected for DNA extraction, followed by 16S library preparation and sequencing. Data were analyzed using QIIME 2, R and MicrobiomeAnalyst. The Bacteroidetes-to-Firmicutes ratio decreased fivefold in the HFD and HFX groups compared to that in the CHD and EXE groups and increased in the EXE group over time. Alpha diversity was significantly increased in the EXE group longitudinally (p < 0.02), whereas diversity (Shannon, Faith's PD, and Fisher) and richness (ACE) was significantly reduced in the HFD (p < 0.005) and HFX (p < 0.03) groups over time. Beta diversity, based on the Jaccard, Bray-Curtis, and unweighted UniFrac distance metrics, was significant among the groups. Prevotella, Paraprevotella, Candidatus arthromitus, Lactobacillus salivarius, L. reuteri, Roseburia, Bacteroides uniformis, Sutterella, and Corynebacterium were differentially abundant in the chow-diet groups (CHD and EXE). Exercise significantly reduced the proportion of taxa characteristic of a high-fat diet, including Butyricimonas, Ruminococcus gnavus, and Mucispirillum schaedleri. Diet, age, and exercise significantly contributed to explaining the bacterial community structure and diversity in the gut microbiota. Modulating the gut microbiota and maintaining its stability can lead to targeted microbiome therapies to manage chronic and recurrent diseases and infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Imdad
- Molecular Metabolism in Health and Disease, Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Sport Science Research Institute, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Science, Cheongju University, Cheongju, 28503, South Korea
| | - Byunghun So
- Molecular Metabolism in Health and Disease, Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Sport Science Research Institute, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, South Korea
| | - Junho Jang
- Molecular Metabolism in Health and Disease, Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Sport Science Research Institute, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, South Korea
| | - Jinhan Park
- Molecular Metabolism in Health and Disease, Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Sport Science Research Institute, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, South Korea
| | - Sam-Jun Lee
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, College of Health, Welfare, and Education, Tong Myong University, Busan, 48520, South Korea
| | - Jin-Hee Kim
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Science, Cheongju University, Cheongju, 28503, South Korea.
| | - Chounghun Kang
- Molecular Metabolism in Health and Disease, Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Sport Science Research Institute, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, South Korea.
- Department of Physical Education, College of Education, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, South Korea.
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37
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Yu J, Youngson NA, Laybutt DR, Morris MJ, Leigh SJ. Complementary yet divergent effects of exercise and an exercise mimetic on microbiome in high-fat diet-induced obesity. Physiol Genomics 2024; 56:136-144. [PMID: 38009223 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00066.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Exercise is beneficial for obesity, partially through increased mitochondrial activity and raised nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), a coenzyme critical for mitochondrial function and metabolism. Recent work has shown that increasing the availability of NAD through pharmacological means improves metabolic health in rodent models of diet-induced obesity and that the effect of these supplements when administered orally may be modulated by the gut microbiome. The gut microbiome is altered by both diet and exercise and is thought to contribute to some aspects of high-fat diet-induced metabolic dysfunction. We examined the independent and combined effects of treadmill exercise and nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) supplementation on the gut microbiome of female C57Bl6/J mice chronically fed a high-fat diet. We showed that 8 wk of treadmill exercise, oral-administered NMN, or combined therapy exert unique effects on gut microbiome composition without changing bacterial species richness. Exercise and NMN exerted additive effects on microbiota composition, and NMN partially or fully restored predicted microbial functions, specifically carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, to control levels. Further research is warranted to better understand the mechanisms underpinning the interactions between exercise and oral NAD+ precursor supplementation on gut microbiome.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Exercise and NAD+ precursor supplementation exerted additive and independent effects on gut microbiota composition and inferred function in female mice with diet-induced obesity. Notably, combining exercise and oral nicotinamide mononucleotide supplementation restored inferred microbial functions to control levels, indicating that this combination may improve high-fat diet-induced alterations to microbial metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine Yu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Neil A Youngson
- School of Biomedical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - D Ross Laybutt
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, St Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Margaret J Morris
- School of Biomedical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sarah-Jane Leigh
- School of Biomedical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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38
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Álvarez-Herms J, González-Benito A, Corbi F, Odriozola A. What if gastrointestinal complications in endurance athletes were gut injuries in response to a high consumption of ultra-processed foods? Please take care of your bugs if you want to improve endurance performance: a narrative review. Eur J Appl Physiol 2024; 124:383-402. [PMID: 37839038 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-023-05331-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
To improve performance and recovery faster, athletes are advised to eat more often than usual and consume higher doses of simple carbohydrates, during and after exercise. Sports energetic supplements contain food additives, such as artificial sweeteners, emulsifiers, acidity regulators, preservatives, and salts, which could be harmful to the gut microbiota and impair the intestinal barrier function. The intestinal barrier plays a critical function in bidirectionally regulation of the selective transfer of nutrients, water, and electrolytes, while preventing at the same time, the entrance of harmful substances (selective permeability). The gut microbiota helps to the host to regulate intestinal homeostasis through metabolic, protective, and immune functions. Globally, the gut health is essential to maintain systemic homeostasis in athletes, and to ensure proper digestion, metabolization, and substrate absorption. Gastrointestinal complaints are an important cause of underperformance and dropout during endurance events. These complications are directly related to the loss of gut equilibrium, mainly linked to microbiota dysbiosis and leaky gut. In summary, athletes must be cautious with the elevated intake of ultra-processed foods and specifically those contained on sports nutrition supplements. This review points out the specific nutritional interventions that should be implemented and/or discontinued depending on individual gut functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Álvarez-Herms
- Phymolab (Physiology and Molecular Laboratory), Collado Hermoso, Segovia, Spain.
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Bilbao, Spain.
| | - A González-Benito
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Bilbao, Spain
| | - F Corbi
- Institut Nacional d'Educació Física de Catalunya (INEFC), University of Lleida (UdL), Lleida, Spain
| | - A Odriozola
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Bilbao, Spain
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Ferenc K, Sokal-Dembowska A, Helma K, Motyka E, Jarmakiewicz-Czaja S, Filip R. Modulation of the Gut Microbiota by Nutrition and Its Relationship to Epigenetics. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1228. [PMID: 38279228 PMCID: PMC10816208 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The intestinal microbiota is a community of microorganisms inhabiting the human intestines, potentially influencing both physiological and pathophysiological processes in the human body. Existing evidence suggests that nutrients can influence the modulation of the gut microbiota. However, there is still limited evidence regarding the effects of vitamin and mineral supplementation on the human gut microbiota through epigenetic modification. It is plausible that maintaining an adequate dietary intake of vitamin D, iron, fibre, zinc and magnesium may have a beneficial effect on alleviating inflammation in the body, reducing oxidative stress, and improving the condition of the intestinal microbiota through various epigenetic mechanisms. Moreover, epigenetics involves alterations in the phenotype of a cell without changing its fundamental DNA sequence. It appears that the modulation of the microbiota by various nutrients may lead to epigenetic regulation. The correlations between microbiota and epigenetics are potentially interdependent. Therefore, the primary objective of this review is to identify the complex relationships between diet, gut microbiota, and epigenetic regulation. These interactions could play a crucial role in systemic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Ferenc
- Institute of Medicine, Medical College of Rzeszow University, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Aneta Sokal-Dembowska
- Institute of Health Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Kacper Helma
- Institute of Health Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Motyka
- Centre for Innovative Research in Medical and Natural Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland
| | | | - Rafał Filip
- Institute of Medicine, Medical College of Rzeszow University, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland
- Department of Gastroenterology with IBD Unit, Clinical Hospital No. 2, 35-301 Rzeszow, Poland
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Gross K, Santiago M, Krieger JM, Hagele AM, Zielinska K, Scheiman J, Jäger R, Kostic A, Kerksick CM. Impact of probiotic Veillonella atypica FB0054 supplementation on anaerobic capacity and lactate. iScience 2024; 27:108643. [PMID: 38222109 PMCID: PMC10784697 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Seven healthy, physically active men (n = 3) and women (n = 4) (30.7 ± 7.5 years, 172.7 ± 8.7 cm, 70.4 ± 11.6 kg, 23.6 ± 4.1 kg/m2, 49.2 ± 8.4 mL/kg/min) supplemented for 14 days with a placebo (PLA) or 1 × 1010 CFU doses of the probiotic Veillonella atypica FB0054 (FitBiomics, New York, NY). Participants had safety panels, hemodynamics, lactate, and anaerobic capacity assessed. Stool samples were collected to evaluate for metagenomic and metabolomic changes. Exhaustion times were not different between groups, whereas anaerobic capacity tended to shorten with PLA (61.14 ± 72.04 s; 95% CI: -5.49, 127.77 s, p = 0.066) with no change with VA (13.29 ± 100.13 s, 95% CI: -79.32, 105.89 s, p = 0.738). No changes in lactate, hemodynamics, or bacterial community changes were observed, whereas 14 metabolites exhibited differential expression patterns with VA supplementation. In conclusion, VA maintained exercise performance that tended to decline in PLA. Supplementation was well tolerated with no changes in safety markers or reported adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen Gross
- Exercise and Performance Nutrition Laboratory, Kinesiology Department, College of Science, Technology, and Health, Lindenwood University, St. Charles, MO, USA
| | | | - Joesi M. Krieger
- Exercise and Performance Nutrition Laboratory, Kinesiology Department, College of Science, Technology, and Health, Lindenwood University, St. Charles, MO, USA
| | - Anthony M. Hagele
- Exercise and Performance Nutrition Laboratory, Kinesiology Department, College of Science, Technology, and Health, Lindenwood University, St. Charles, MO, USA
| | - Kinga Zielinska
- FitBiomics, Inc, New York City, NY, USA
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | - Alex Kostic
- FitBiomics, Inc, New York City, NY, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Section on Pathophysiology and Molecular Pharmacology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chad M. Kerksick
- Exercise and Performance Nutrition Laboratory, Kinesiology Department, College of Science, Technology, and Health, Lindenwood University, St. Charles, MO, USA
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Gacek M, Wojtowicz A, Popek A. Personality Determinants Related to the Use of Selective and Effective Dietary Supplements by Elite Polish Team Sport Athletes. Sports (Basel) 2024; 12:29. [PMID: 38251303 PMCID: PMC10819768 DOI: 10.3390/sports12010029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The purpose of this research was to analyse relationships between personality traits and the use of selected dietary supplements among Polish athletes training in team sports. This subject matter has not been explored in prior research. MATERIAL AND METHODS This research was carried out among a group of 213 athletes (men) in the 18-36 age range, with the implementation of a proprietary validated questionnaire for the use of dietary supplements and the NEO-PI-R inventory (Neuroticism-Extraversion-Openness Personality Inventory-Revised). Statistical analyses were performed with the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests, assuming the following level of significance: α = 0.05. RESULTS It was shown that athletes who periodically and regularly consumed isotonic drinks, as well as energy bars and gels, were characterised by a lower level of neuroticism than those who did not consume them. Athletes who periodically took multivitamin preparations were characterised by a lower level of extraversion and openness, and those periodically using multimineral preparations were characterised by a higher level of agreeableness than those who did not use these agents. Athletes not taking creatine were characterised by the lowest level of conscientiousness among the study participants. The use of protein nutrients, probiotics and caffeine was not associated with any personality traits in the athletes. CONCLUSIONS Further relationships of the Big Five personality traits were demonstrated with the use of effective dietary supplements by athletes; the most unambiguous correlations were described for neuroticism and conscientiousness in such a way that the use of isotonic drinks, as well as energy bars and gels, was connected with a low level of neuroticism, while the use of creatine was connected with high conscientiousness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Gacek
- Department of Sports Medicine and Human Nutrition, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Physical Education in Kraków, 31-571 Krakow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Wojtowicz
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Social Sciences, University of Physical Education in Kraków, 31-571 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Adam Popek
- Department of Recreation and Biological Renewal, Institute of Recreation and Sports, University of Physical Education in Kraków, 31-571 Krakow, Poland;
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Valido E, Bertolo A, Hertig-Godeschalk A, Flueck JL, Ruettimann B, Glisic M, Stoyanov J. Characteristics of the gut microbiome of Swiss elite athletes with a spinal cord injury: An exploratory study. J Spinal Cord Med 2024:1-9. [PMID: 38207282 DOI: 10.1080/10790268.2023.2265610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To illustrate and explore associations between the gut microbiome and spinal cord injury (SCI) characteristics, physical training, dietary intake, body composition, and blood biomarkers of elite Swiss athletes. DESIGN AND SETTING Baseline data analysis of athletes with SCI who participated in a pilot trial (NCT04659408) in the Swiss Paraplegic Center, Nottwil, Switzerland. PARTICIPANTS Elite athletes, five males, and six females, with SCI who competed internationally. OUTCOME MEASURES We conducted a differential abundance analysis and measured the alpha and beta diversity of the gut microbiome. RESULTS The athletes' median age was 34.5 years. Six had traumatic SCI and five had a spina bifida. The athletes competed in para-cycling (5), wheelchair athletics (3), and wheelchair tennis (3). A higher duration of training per week was positively associated with Akkermansia and Akkermansiaceae but negatively associated with Prevotellaceae. Muribaculaceae was negatively associated with the average number of trainings per week. Waist circumference is negatively associated with Butyricimonas. Significant differences in the alpha diversity were found with sex, gastrointestinal quality of life index (GIQLI) scores, total caloric intake, total fat intake, total carbohydrate intake, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP). Beta diversity differences were found with impairment of the sympathetic nervous system of the gut at the genus level and HbA1c at the family level. CONCLUSIONS This study provides insight into the gut microbiome of athletes with SCI. Our results were similar to those found in athletes without SCI. Further replication is needed to confirm the relationships of organisms observed in the gut of athletes with SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezra Valido
- Swiss Paraplegic Research, Nottwil, Switzerland
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - Alessandro Bertolo
- Swiss Paraplegic Research, Nottwil, Switzerland
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Bern, Bern Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Joelle Leonie Flueck
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Swiss Paraplegic Centre Nottwil, Nottwil, Switzerland
| | - Belinda Ruettimann
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Swiss Paraplegic Centre Nottwil, Nottwil, Switzerland
| | - Marija Glisic
- Swiss Paraplegic Research, Nottwil, Switzerland
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jivko Stoyanov
- Swiss Paraplegic Research, Nottwil, Switzerland
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Mohr AE, Pyne DB, Leite GSF, Akins D, Pugh J. A systematic scoping review of study methodology for randomized controlled trials investigating probiotics in athletic and physically active populations. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2024; 13:61-71. [PMID: 36539062 PMCID: PMC10818115 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2022.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purported ergogenic and health effects of probiotics have been a topic of great intrigue among researchers, practitioners, and the lay public alike. There has also been an increased research focus within the realm of sports science and exercise medicine on the athletic gut microbiota. However, compared to other ergogenic aids and dietary supplements, probiotics present unique study challenges. The objectives of this systematic scoping review were to identify and characterize study methodologies of randomized controlled trials investigating supplementation with probiotics in athletes and physically active individuals. METHODS Four databases (MEDLINE, CINAHL, Cochrane CENTRAL, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) were searched for randomized controlled studies involving healthy athletes or physically active individuals. An intervention with probiotics and inclusion of a control and/or placebo group were essential. Only peer-reviewed articles in English were considered, and there were no date restrictions. Results were extracted and presented in tabular form to detail study protocols, characteristics, and outcomes. Bias in randomized controlled trials was determined with the RoB 2.0 tool. RESULTS A total of 45 studies were included in the review, with 35 using a parallel group design and 10 using a cross-over design. Approximately half the studies used a single probiotic and the other half a multi-strain preparation. The probiotic dose ranged from 2 × 108 to 1 × 1011 colony forming units daily, and the length of intervention was between 7 and 150 days. Fewer than half the studies directly assessed gastrointestinal symptoms, gut permeability, or the gut microbiota. The sex ratio of participants was heavily weighted toward males, and only 3 studies exclusively investigated females. Low-level adverse events were reported in only 2 studies, although the methodology of reporting varied widely. The risk of bias was generally low, although details on randomization were lacking in some studies. CONCLUSION There is a substantial body of research on the effects of probiotic supplementation in healthy athletes and physically active individuals. Considerable heterogeneity in probiotic selection and dosage as well as outcome measures has made clinical and mechanistic interpretation challenging for both health care practitioners and researchers. Attention to issues of randomization of participants, treatments and interventions, selection of outcomes, demographics, and reporting of adverse events will facilitate more trustworthy interpretation of probiotic study results and inform evidence-based guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex E Mohr
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA.
| | - David B Pyne
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT 2617, Australia
| | - Geovana Silva Fogaça Leite
- Laboratory of Functional Fermented Food, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-030, Brazil
| | - Deborah Akins
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - Jamie Pugh
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK
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MacKay M, Yang BH, Dursun SM, Baker GB. The Gut-Brain Axis and the Microbiome in Anxiety Disorders, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. Curr Neuropharmacol 2024; 22:866-883. [PMID: 36815632 PMCID: PMC10845093 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x21666230222092029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
A large body of research supports the role of stress in several psychiatric disorders in which anxiety is a prominent symptom. Other research has indicated that the gut microbiome-immune system- brain axis is involved in a large number of disorders and that this axis is affected by various stressors. The focus of the current review is on the following stress-related disorders: generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, social anxiety disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder and obsessivecompulsive disorder. Descriptions of systems interacting in the gut-brain axis, microbiome-derived molecules and of pro- and prebiotics are given. Preclinical and clinical studies on the relationship of the gut microbiome to the psychiatric disorders mentioned above are reviewed. Many studies support the role of the gut microbiome in the production of symptoms in these disorders and suggest the potential for pro- and prebiotics for their treatment, but there are also contradictory findings and concerns about the limitations of some of the research that has been done. Matters to be considered in future research include longer-term studies with factors such as sex of the subjects, drug use, comorbidity, ethnicity/ race, environmental effects, diet, and exercise taken into account; appropriate compositions of pro- and prebiotics; the translatability of studies on animal models to clinical situations; and the effects on the gut microbiome of drugs currently used to treat these disorders. Despite these challenges, this is a very active area of research that holds promise for more effective, precision treatment of these stressrelated disorders in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marnie MacKay
- Department of Psychiatry, Neurochemical Research Unit, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Bohan H. Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, Neurochemical Research Unit, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Serdar M. Dursun
- Department of Psychiatry, Neurochemical Research Unit, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Glen B. Baker
- Department of Psychiatry, Neurochemical Research Unit, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Nolte S, Krüger K, Lenz C, Zentgraf K. Optimizing the Gut Microbiota for Individualized Performance Development in Elite Athletes. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1491. [PMID: 38132317 PMCID: PMC10740793 DOI: 10.3390/biology12121491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The human gut microbiota can be compared to a fingerprint due to its uniqueness, hosting trillions of living organisms. Taking a sport-centric perspective, the gut microbiota might represent a physiological system that relates to health aspects as well as individualized performance in athletes. The athletes' physiology has adapted to their exceptional lifestyle over the years, including the diversity and taxonomy of the microbiota. The gut microbiota is influenced by several physiological parameters and requires a highly individual and complex approach to unravel the linkage between performance and the microbial community. This approach has been taken in this review, highlighting the functions that the microbial community performs in sports, naming gut-centered targets, and aiming for both a healthy and sustainable athlete and performance development. With this article, we try to consider whether initiating a microbiota analysis is practicable and could add value in elite sport, and what possibilities it holds when influenced through a variety of interventions. The aim is to support enabling a well-rounded and sustainable athlete and establish a new methodology in elite sport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svenja Nolte
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Sports Therapy, Institute of Sports Science, University of Giessen, 35394 Giessen, Germany; (K.K.); (C.L.)
| | - Karsten Krüger
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Sports Therapy, Institute of Sports Science, University of Giessen, 35394 Giessen, Germany; (K.K.); (C.L.)
| | - Claudia Lenz
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Sports Therapy, Institute of Sports Science, University of Giessen, 35394 Giessen, Germany; (K.K.); (C.L.)
| | - Karen Zentgraf
- Department 5: Psychology & Sports Sciences, Institute for Sports Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60323 Frankfurt am Main, Germany;
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Kenger EB, Eren F, Ozlu T, Gunes FE. Analysis of microbiota profile and nutritional status in male professional football players. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2023; 63:1235-1243. [PMID: 37486255 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.23.15103-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The interest in the effect of gut microbiota on athlete health has increased in recent years. Available data indicate a relationship between gut microbiota composition and physical activity, suggesting that changes in the microbiota may contribute to the host's physical performance. Studies show that leaky gut syndrome is highly correlated with upper respiratory infections and gastrointestinal disorders in endurance sports. This study aims to reveal the relationship between microbiota profiles, and the nutritional status of football players who perform endurance exercises. METHODS Twenty male professional football players playing in one of the Turkish Football Federation Second League clubs participated in the study. Fecal samples were collected and stored at -86 °C, and the fecal microbiota was analyzed through 16s rRNA gene sequencing. The body composition of the football players was measured using a bioelectrical impedance analyzer. In addition, the 3-day food intake of the participants was recorded with the help of a dietitian. RESULTS In the microbiota of football players, four phyla, 10 genera, and four species with densities above 1% were found. Body fat percentage was observed to be negatively correlated with the species of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Bacteroides vulgatus and the genus of Faecalibacterium (P<0.05). Considering the nutritional status, the fat intake was found to be positively correlated with Actinobacteria and Blautia coccoides; energy and fiber intake with Prevotella and Prevotella copri (P<0.05). In addition, there was a negative correlation between carbohydrate intake and Faecalibacterium (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our study is the first to reveal the microbiota profile of professional Turkish football players. It was found that football players' nutritional status and anthropometric measurements of are significantly related to phylum, genus and species ranks in the microbiota. These results support the bidirectional interaction between microbiota and sports. The relationship between microbiota and sports health/performance is thought to be further clarified with future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emre B Kenger
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Bahcesehir University, Istanbul, Türkiye -
| | - Fatih Eren
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Marmara University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Tugce Ozlu
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Bahcesehir University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Fatma E Gunes
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Türkiye
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Kelly MR, Emerson DM, McDermott BP, Atkins WC, Butts CL, Laursen RM, Troyanos C, Duckett A, Siedlik J. Gastrointestinal cell injury and perceived symptoms after running the Boston Marathon. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1268306. [PMID: 37908334 PMCID: PMC10615131 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1268306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) disturbances are a prevalent cause of marathon related complaints, and in extreme cases can promote life-threatening conditions such as exertional heat stroke. Our aim was to study intestinal cell injury [via intestinal fatty acid binding protein (I-FABP)] and perceived GI distress symptoms among marathon runners. We also examined potential risk factors (e.g., inadequate sleep) that could exacerbate GI disturbances in healthy, trained endurance runners. This was a parallel mixed-methods study design. 2019 Boston Marathon participants were recruited via email and subjects completed surveys before the race describing demographics and training history. Participants completed a GI questionnaire to assess presence and severity of symptoms, a survey regarding risk factors (e.g., recent illness, medications) that could promote GI disturbances, and provided a urine sample at three time points (immediately pre-race, post-race, and 24-h post-race). Due to weather, blood samples were only collected immediately and 24-h post-race. A total of 40 runners (males: n = 19, age = 44.9 ± 10.8 years; females: n = 21, age = 44.8 ± 10.6 years) completed this study. I-FABP significantly decreased from post-race (3367.5 ± 2633.5 pg/mL) to 24-h post-race (1657.3 ± 950.7 pg/mL, t (39) = -4.228, p < .001, d = -.669). There was a significant difference in overall GI symptom scores across the three time points (F (2, 39) = 41.37, p < .001). The highest average score occurred post-race (.84 ± .68), compared to pre-race (.09 ± .12) and 24-h post-race (.44 ± .28). Post-race I-FABP (r = .31, p = .048) and post-race urine specific gravity (r = .33, p = .041) were significantly correlated with post-race GI symptom scores. Our study provides further support to the individualized nature of GI disturbances, with participants experiencing a wide range of risk factors that can influence the extent of GI damage and perceived symptoms during and after exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melani R. Kelly
- Department of Health, Sport, and Exercise Sciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
- Department of Exercise Science and Outdoor Recreation, Utah Valley University, Orem, UT, United States
| | - Dawn M. Emerson
- Department of Health, Sport, and Exercise Sciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Brendon P. McDermott
- Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Whitley C. Atkins
- Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Cory L. Butts
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Weber State University, Ogden, UT, United States
| | - R. Mark Laursen
- Sargent College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | - Andrew Duckett
- Department of Athletics, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jacob Siedlik
- Department of Exercise Science and Pre-Health Professions, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, United States
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Zhu Y, Zhu J, Song G. The impact of aerobic exercise training on cognitive function and gut microbiota in methamphetamine-dependent individuals in the community. Physiol Behav 2023; 270:114302. [PMID: 37474085 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2023.114302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the impact and mechanism of gut microbiota on the enhancement of cognitive function in methamphetamine (MA)-dependent individuals during aerobic exercise training. METHODS A total of sixty-four MA-dependent individuals were randomly assigned to either an aerobic exercise training group (DK, n = 32) or a conventional rehabilitation group (CK, n = 32). After an eight-week intervention, the participants' working memory and inhibition ability were assessed using the Stroop paradigm and Go/NoGo paradigm, respectively. Gut microbiota composition was analyzed using high-throughput sequencing. RESULTS 1) Eight weeks of aerobic exercise training significantly improved the working memory and inhibition ability of MA-dependent individuals (P < 0.05). 2) Following the intervention, the DK group exhibited significantly higher levels of Lactobacillus, Lactococcus lactis, Prevotellaceae, and Ruminococcaceae compared to the CK group. Conversely, the DK group demonstrated significantly lower levels of Desulfovibrio and Akkermansia compared to the CK group. Furthermore, the DK group showed significantly increased metabolic pathways associated with d-Glutaralate and d-Galactate Degradation, as well as the Alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism pathway, compared to the control group. 3) Cognitive function related to MA addiction positively correlated with Bifidobacterium, Dialister, and Adlercreutzia, while negatively correlated with Enterobacteria, Bacillus cereus, Catabacter, and Akkermansia. CONCLUSION Aerobic exercise training enhances working memory and inhibition ability in MA-dependent individuals, thereby mitigating the detrimental effects of MA addiction on cognitive function. Additionally, analysis of gut microbiota suggests that the modulation of gut microbiota and associated metabolic pathways play a role in regulating the improvement of cognitive function in MA-dependent individuals through exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuping Zhu
- Key Lab of Physical Fitness Evaluation and Motor Function Monitoring, College of Physical Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Jiang Zhu
- Key Lab of Physical Fitness Evaluation and Motor Function Monitoring, College of Physical Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Gang Song
- Key Lab of Physical Fitness Evaluation and Motor Function Monitoring, College of Physical Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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Grosicki GJ, Pugh J, Wosinska L, Quilter K, Mattimoe D, Allen J, Joyce SA, O'Sullivan O, Close GL. Ultra-Endurance triathlon competition shifts fecal metabolome independent of changes to microbiome composition. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2023; 135:549-558. [PMID: 37391884 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00024.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding changes to gut microbiota composition and metabolic output in response to acute exercise may be necessary for understanding the mechanisms mediating the long-term health and performance benefits of exercise. Our primary objective was to characterize acute changes in the fecal microbiome and metabolome following participation in an ultra-endurance (3.9 km swim, 180.2 km bike, 42.2 km run) triathlon. An exploratory aim was to determine associations between athlete-specific factors [race performance (i.e., completion time) and lifetime years of endurance training] with pre-race gut microbiota and metabolite profiles. Stool samples from 12 triathletes (9 males/3 females; 43 ± 14 yr, 23 ± 2 kg/m2) were collected ≤48 h before and the first bowel movement following race completion. Intra- and inter-individual diversity of bacterial species and individual bacterial taxa were unaltered following race completion (P > 0.05). However, significant reductions (P < 0.05) in free and secondary bile acids [deoxycholic acid (DCA), 12-keto-lithocholic acid (12-ketoLCA)] and short-chain fatty acids (butyric and pivalic acids), and significant increases (P < 0.05) in long-chain fatty acids (oleic and palmitoleic acids) were observed. Exploratory analyses revealed several associations between pre-race bacterial taxa and fecal metabolites with race performance and lifetime history of endurance training (P < 0.05). These findings suggest that 1) acute ultra-endurance exercise shifts microbial metabolism independent of changes to community composition and 2) athlete performance level and training history relate to resting-state gut microbial ecology.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This is the first study to characterize acute changes in gut microbial ecology and metabolism following an ultra-endurance triathlon. We demonstrate changes in gut microbial community function, but not structure, as well as several associations between gut microbiome and fecal metabolome characteristics with race completion time and lifetime history of endurance training. These data add to a small but growing body of literature seeking to characterize the acute and chronic effects of exercise on the gut microbial ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory J Grosicki
- Biodynamics and Human Performance Center, Georgia Southern University - Armstrong Campus, Savannah, Georgia, United States
| | - Jamie Pugh
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Wosinska
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Ireland
| | - Karina Quilter
- School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Darragh Mattimoe
- School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Jacob Allen
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois, United States
| | - Susan A Joyce
- School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Orla O'Sullivan
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- VistaMilk SFI Research Centre, Fermoy, Ireland
| | - Graeme L Close
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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Li Y, Cheng M, Zha Y, Yang K, Tong Y, Wang S, Lu Q, Ning K. Gut microbiota and inflammation patterns for specialized athletes: a multi-cohort study across different types of sports. mSystems 2023; 8:e0025923. [PMID: 37498086 PMCID: PMC10470055 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00259-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Regular high-intensity exercise can cause changes in athletes' gut microbiota, and the extent and nature of these changes may be affected by the athletes' exercise patterns. However, it is still unclear to what extent different types of athletes have distinct gut microbiome profiles and whether we can effectively monitor an athlete's inflammatory risk based on their microbiota. To address these questions, we conducted a multi-cohort study of 543 fecal samples from athletes in three different sports: aerobics (n = 316), wrestling (n = 53), and rowing (n = 174). We sought to investigate how athletes' gut microbiota was specialized for different types of sports, and its associations with inflammation, diet, anthropometrics, and anaerobic measurements. We established a microbiota catalog of multi-cohort athletes and found that athletes have specialized gut microbiota specific to the type of sport they engaged in. Using latent Dirichlet allocation, we identified 10 microbial subgroups of athletes' gut microbiota, each of which had specific correlations with inflammation, diet, and anaerobic performance in different types of athletes. Notably, most inflammation indicators were associated with Prevotella-driven subgroup 7. Finally, we found that the effects of sport types and exercise intensity on the gut microbiota were sex-dependent. These findings shed light on the complex associations between physical factors, gut microbiota, and inflammation in athletes of different sports types and could have significant implications for monitoring potential inflammation risk and developing personalized exercise programs. IMPORTANCE This study is the first multi-cohort investigation of athletes across a range of sports, including aerobics, wrestling, and rowing, with the goal of establishing a multi-sport microbiota catalog. Our findings highlight that athletes' gut microbiota is sport-specific, indicating that exercise patterns may play a significant role in shaping the microbiome. Additionally, we observed distinct associations between gut microbiota and markers of inflammation, diet, and anaerobic performance in athletes of different sports. Moreover, we expanded our analysis to include a non-athlete cohort and found that exercise intensity had varying effects on the gut microbiota of participants, depending on sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxue Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging, Center of Artificial Intelligence Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Mingyue Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging, Center of Artificial Intelligence Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuguo Zha
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging, Center of Artificial Intelligence Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kun Yang
- Exercise Immunology Center, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yigang Tong
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Song Wang
- Exercise Immunology Center, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qunwei Lu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging, Center of Artificial Intelligence Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kang Ning
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging, Center of Artificial Intelligence Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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