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Gan X, Liu H, Chen D, Liu Z, Lu Q, Lai X, Hou H, Zhang M, Zhang JY, Duan Y, Lu S, Chen M, Lash GE, Ning F. Interleukin-1 beta signals through the ERK signalling pathway to modulate human placental trophoblast migration and invasion in the first trimester of pregnancy. Placenta 2024; 151:67-78. [PMID: 38723477 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2024.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) can promote cell migration, invasion and metastasis in various cancer cells. The mechanism of its role in human trophoblast has not been fully investigated. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the expression level of IL-1β in first trimester decidua and placenta and its potential role in regulation of extravillous trophoblast cell (EVT) invasion and migration. METHODS First trimester placenta and decidua were collected to study the expression levels of IL-1β and its receptors by immunohistochemical staining. Primary isolates of first trimester EVT or the HTR-8/SVneo trophoblast like cell line were used to assess migration and invasion. Matrix metalloproteinase levels were assessed by gelatin zymography and ELISA. The phosphorylation profile of signaling pathway proteins was detected with the Proteome Profiler Human Phospho-Kinase Array Kit. Differentially expressed proteins in cells was detected and verified by Western Blot. RESULTS IL-1β, its receptors and antagonist are expressed in first trimester placenta and decidua, exogenous IL-1β stimulates trophoblast cell outgrowth, migration and invasion through the ERK signaling pathway. IL-1β was significantly increased in the placenta at 6-7 weeks gestation compared with 8-9 weeks gestation (P < 0.0001). Transwell and RTCA assays indicated that IL-1β stimulates the invasion and migration of EVT. In addition, IL-1β promoted the phosphorylation of ERK 1/2. It also promoted the expression of MMP2 and MMP9 in EVT as demonstrated by gelatin zymography assay and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. DISCUSSION This study demonstrated IL-1β expression in placenta and decidua, and that it regulates EVT invasion and migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Gan
- Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou, 510623, PR China
| | - Hanbo Liu
- Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou, 510623, PR China
| | - Danyang Chen
- Cancer Research Institute, Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623, PR China
| | - Zongcai Liu
- Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou, 510623, PR China
| | - Qinsheng Lu
- Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou, 510623, PR China
| | - Xingqiang Lai
- Organ Transplantation Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623, PR China
| | - Huomei Hou
- Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou, 510623, PR China
| | - Min Zhang
- Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou, 510623, PR China
| | - Joy Yue Zhang
- Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou, 510623, PR China
| | - Yaoyun Duan
- Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou, 510623, PR China
| | - Shenjiao Lu
- Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou, 510623, PR China
| | - Miaojuan Chen
- Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou, 510623, PR China.
| | - Gendie E Lash
- Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou, 510623, PR China.
| | - Fen Ning
- Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou, 510623, PR China.
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Zhou C, Satpute V, Yip KL, Anderson LL, Hawkins N, Kearney J, Arnold JC. A high seizure burden increases several prostaglandin species in the hippocampus of a Scn1a +/- mouse model of Dravet syndrome. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2024; 172:106836. [PMID: 38599513 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2024.106836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Dravet syndrome is an intractable epilepsy with a high seizure burden that is resistant to current anti-seizure medications. There is evidence that neuroinflammation plays a role in epilepsy and seizures, however few studies have specifically examined neuroinflammation in Dravet syndrome under conditions of a higher seizure burden. Here we used an established genetic mouse model of Dravet syndrome (Scn1a+/- mice), to examine whether a higher seizure burden impacts the number and morphology of microglia in the hippocampus. Moreover, we examined whether a high seizure burden influences classical inflammatory mediators in this brain region. Scn1a+/- mice with a high seizure burden induced by thermal priming displayed a localised reduction in microglial cell density in the granule cell layer and subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus, regions important to postnatal neurogenesis. However, microglial cell number and morphology remained unchanged in other hippocampal subfields. The high seizure burden in Scn1a+/- mice did not affect hippocampal mRNA expression of classical inflammatory mediators such as interleukin 1β and tumour necrosis factor α, but increased cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) expression. We then quantified hippocampal levels of prostanoids that arise from COX-2 mediated metabolism of fatty acids and found that Scn1a+/- mice with a high seizure burden displayed increased hippocampal concentrations of numerous prostaglandins, notably PGF2α, PGE2, PGD2, and 6-K-PGF1A, compared to Scn1a+/- mice with a low seizure burden. In conclusion, a high seizure burden increased hippocampal concentrations of various prostaglandin mediators in a mouse model of Dravet syndrome. Future studies could interrogate the prostaglandin pathways to further better understand their role in the pathophysiology of Dravet syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cilla Zhou
- Lambert Initiative for Cannabinoid Therapeutics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia; Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia; Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, IL 60611, USA
| | - Vaishali Satpute
- Lambert Initiative for Cannabinoid Therapeutics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia; Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Ka Lai Yip
- Lambert Initiative for Cannabinoid Therapeutics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia; Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Lyndsey L Anderson
- Lambert Initiative for Cannabinoid Therapeutics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia; Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Nicole Hawkins
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, IL 60611, USA
| | - Jennifer Kearney
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, IL 60611, USA
| | - Jonathon C Arnold
- Lambert Initiative for Cannabinoid Therapeutics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia; Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia.
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Vishal V, Sachdeva A, Bhalla K, Dureja A, Tarte S. Exploring the Involvement of Cytokines in Pediatric Patients Afflicted by Simple Febrile Seizures: A Case-Control Study. Cureus 2023; 15:e48083. [PMID: 38046507 PMCID: PMC10689979 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.48083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Most children under six with seizures experience febrile seizures (FS), which occur with a temperature of 38°C or higher and no apparent infectious or metabolic causes. FS has a multifaceted etiology, involving genetic and environmental factors. This study aimed to explore the connection between the cytokine system (part of the immune system related to inflammation) and FS to uncover potential relationships. METHOD This research was carried out on 50 patients experiencing FS and 25 patients experiencing only fever served as cases and controls, respectively. The patient's blood was obtained under sterile circumstances from the antecubital/femoral vein as soon as feasible following the commencement of seizures. The complete hemogram analysis was done using the Mindray BC-5800 auto hematology analyzer (Mindray Medical International Limited, Shenzhen, China). RESULT The cases group had significantly higher interleukin-4 (IL-4) concentrations (292.85 pg/mL) than controls (81.04 pg/mL), indicating a statistically significant difference (p<0.05), respectively. In the current research, case participants had a significantly lower mean level of interleukin-6 (IL-6) than control participants. The average IL-6 concentration in cases was 28.00 pg/mL, whereas in controls was 93.09pg/mL. Patients with FS have an important function for the cytokine network to perform. CONCLUSION The findings showed a significant difference in cytokine concentrations between patients with FS and control subjects, highlighting a potential link between the cytokine system and FS. Additionally, lower levels of IL-6 in case participants suggest a complex role of cytokines in FS, emphasizing the importance of the cytokine network in this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaibhav Vishal
- Biochemistry, Pandit Bhagwat Dayal Sharma Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rohtak, IND
| | - Ashuma Sachdeva
- Biochemistry, Pandit Bhagwat Dayal Sharma Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rohtak, IND
| | - Kapil Bhalla
- Biochemistry, Pandit Bhagwat Dayal Sharma Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rohtak, IND
| | - Ankanksha Dureja
- Pediatrics, Pandit Bhagwat Dayal Sharma Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rohtak, IND
| | - Sagar Tarte
- Biochemistry, Pandit Bhagwat Dayal Sharma Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rohtak, IND
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Li J, Chen S, Wang F, Zhang J, Zeyghami MA, Koohsar F, Ayatollahi AA, Amini A. Effect of Rosiglitazone, the Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor (PPAR)-γ Agonist, on Apoptosis, Inflammatory Cytokines and Oxidative Stress in pentylenetetrazole-Induced Seizures in Kindled Mice. Neurochem Res 2023:10.1007/s11064-023-03951-7. [PMID: 37204549 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-023-03951-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
A growing body of evidence has shown that seizure can trigger inflammatory cascades through increasing the expression of several inflammatory cytokines. It has been proved that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ agonists have immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects beyond the putative hypoglycemic effects. Thus, we investigated the inhibitory effect of rosiglitazone on the development of pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-induced kindling via affecting the inflammatory pathway. Male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into vehicle group (0.1% DMSO), PTZ-group and rosiglitazone-PTZ-group. Kindling was induced by the administration of PTZ (40 mg/kg, i.p) every other day and mice were observed for 20 min after each PTZ injection. Twenty-four hours after the last dose, animals were euthanized and hippocampus was isolated. The level of Malondialdehyde (MDA), Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), and Catalase (CAT) activity were quantified in hippocampus by biochemical methods. The protein levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, IFN-γ, TNF-α, caspase-3, iNOS, PPAR-γ, Bcl-2, or Bax factors were measured with western blotting. Also, the quantitative real-time PCR were used to evaluate the mRNA expression of those factors. Pretreatment with rosiglitazone significantly prevented the progression of kindling in comparison with control group. The rosiglitazone significantly decreased the MDA level and increased the CAT, and SOD levels in the rosiglitazone treated mice compared to those in the PTZ group (P < 0.01). Using real-time PCR and Western blotting assay, similar results were obtained. The expression levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, IFN-γ, TNF-α, Bax or PPAR-γ were significantly changed in the brain. The results of this study suggest that effect of rosiglitazone may be crucial in its ability to protect against the neuronal damage caused by PTZ induced seizure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinliang Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang, 524045, Guangdong, China
| | - Suping Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang, 524045, Guangdong, China
| | - Feilong Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang, 524045, Guangdong, China
| | - Jingyu Zhang
- Zhanjiang Institute of Clinical Medicine, Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang, 524045, Guangdong, China.
| | - Mohammad Ali Zeyghami
- Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Faramarz Koohsar
- Laboratory Sciences Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Ali Asghar Ayatollahi
- Laboratory Sciences Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Amini
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.
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Hautala MK, Helander HM, Pokka TML, Koskela UV, Rantala HMJ, Uhari MK, Korkiamäki TJ, Glumoff V, Mikkonen KH. Recurrent febrile seizures and serum cytokines: a controlled follow-up study. Pediatr Res 2023; 93:1574-1581. [PMID: 36151294 PMCID: PMC10172109 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-022-02282-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of cytokines in the pathogenesis of febrile seizures (FSs) is unclear, and information regarding cytokine production outside of FS episodes is scarce. METHODS In our controlled follow-up study of patients with FSs, we compared the levels of 12 serum cytokines after the patients' first FSs, during febrile episodes without FSs, after recurrent FSs, during healthy periods after FSs, and between patients and controls. RESULTS Two-hundred fifty-one patients with first FS participated in the study, of whom 17 (mean age 1.6 years, SD 0.7) with recurrent FSs completed the protocol as required by the sample size calculations. The mean IL-1RA level was higher after the first FSs (2580 pg/mL, SD 1516) than during febrile episodes without FSs (1336 pg/mL, SD 1364, P = 0.006) and healthy periods after FSs (474 pg/mL, SD 901, P = 0.001). IL-1RA levels were also higher during first (2580 pg/mL) and recurrent FSs (2666 pg/mL, SD 1747) in comparison with febrile controls (746 pg/mL, SD 551) (P < 0.001 and P = 0.001, respectively), but there was no difference in the IL-1RA between febrile episodes without FSs and febrile controls. CONCLUSIONS Patients with FSs produce stronger inflammatory reactions during febrile episodes with FSs compared with febrile episodes without FSs and febrile controls. IMPACT In patients with FSs, IL-1RA was higher following first FS than during febrile episodes without FSs and healthy periods after FSs. IL-1RA was higher in patients with FSs following first and recurrent FSs than in febrile controls. There was no significant difference in IL-1RA between febrile episodes of patients without FSs and febrile controls. Using IL-1RA as a surrogate marker of IL-1 axis activity, our results indicate that patients with FSs produced stronger inflammatory reactions during FS episodes but not during other febrile episodes or healthy periods after FSs. Cytokines may play a role in pathogenesis of FSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria K Hautala
- PEDEGO Research Unit - Research Unit for Pediatrics, Pediatric Neurology, Pediatric Surgery, Child Psychiatry, Dermatology, Clinical Genetics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Otorhinolaryngology and Ophthalmology, Medical Research Center Oulu (MRC Oulu), University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.
| | - Heli M Helander
- PEDEGO Research Unit - Research Unit for Pediatrics, Pediatric Neurology, Pediatric Surgery, Child Psychiatry, Dermatology, Clinical Genetics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Otorhinolaryngology and Ophthalmology, Medical Research Center Oulu (MRC Oulu), University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Tytti M-L Pokka
- PEDEGO Research Unit - Research Unit for Pediatrics, Pediatric Neurology, Pediatric Surgery, Child Psychiatry, Dermatology, Clinical Genetics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Otorhinolaryngology and Ophthalmology, Medical Research Center Oulu (MRC Oulu), University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Ulla V Koskela
- PEDEGO Research Unit - Research Unit for Pediatrics, Pediatric Neurology, Pediatric Surgery, Child Psychiatry, Dermatology, Clinical Genetics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Otorhinolaryngology and Ophthalmology, Medical Research Center Oulu (MRC Oulu), University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Heikki M J Rantala
- PEDEGO Research Unit - Research Unit for Pediatrics, Pediatric Neurology, Pediatric Surgery, Child Psychiatry, Dermatology, Clinical Genetics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Otorhinolaryngology and Ophthalmology, Medical Research Center Oulu (MRC Oulu), University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Matti K Uhari
- PEDEGO Research Unit - Research Unit for Pediatrics, Pediatric Neurology, Pediatric Surgery, Child Psychiatry, Dermatology, Clinical Genetics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Otorhinolaryngology and Ophthalmology, Medical Research Center Oulu (MRC Oulu), University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | | | - Virpi Glumoff
- Research Unit of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Kirsi H Mikkonen
- PEDEGO Research Unit - Research Unit for Pediatrics, Pediatric Neurology, Pediatric Surgery, Child Psychiatry, Dermatology, Clinical Genetics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Otorhinolaryngology and Ophthalmology, Medical Research Center Oulu (MRC Oulu), University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Epilepsia Helsinki, Division of Child Neurology, Children's Hospital, and Pediatric Research Center, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Han JY, Han SB. Pathogenetic and etiologic considerations of febrile seizures. Clin Exp Pediatr 2023; 66:46-53. [PMID: 36635899 PMCID: PMC9899550 DOI: 10.3345/cep.2021.01039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Febrile seizure (FS), which occurs in febrile children without underlying health problems, is the most common type of seizure disorder in children. The suggested pathogenesis of FS derived from several animal and human studies is multifactorial and debatable. Neuronal hyperexcitability, which develops during inflammatory responses that accompany fever, provokes seizures. However, the exact role of each inflammatory mediator (e.g., cytokines) is undefined in terms of the connection between systemic or local inflammation and the central nervous system, and the mechanisms by which cytokines increase neuronal excitability remain unclear. In contrast, the cause of fever in most children with FS is usually mild respiratory virus infection (e.g., rhinovirus, influenza virus, adenovirus, and enterovirus) rather than severe bacterial infections. In temperate regions, the major causative respiratory viruses seem to mirror seasonally prevalent respiratory viruses in the community. Therefore, vigorous efforts to identify the causative pathogen of fever may not be necessary in children with FS. Genetic factors seem to play a role in neuronal hyperexcitability, and some types of genetic variation have been identified in several genes encoding ion channels of neurons that participate in neuronal excitation. Although most children with FS have benign outcomes, some characteristics such as complex FS, febrile status epilepticus, consecutive afebrile seizures, and the presence of neurodevelopmental disabilities may require further genetic and neurologic evaluations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Yoon Han
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Pediatrics, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Seung Beom Han
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Pediatrics, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon, Korea
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7
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Tomioka K, Nishiyama M, Tokumoto S, Yamaguchi H, Aoki K, Seino Y, Toyoshima D, Kurosawa H, Tada H, Sakuma H, Nozu K, Maruyama A, Tanaka R, Iijima K, Nagase H. Time course of serum cytokine level changes within 72 h after onset in children with acute encephalopathy and febrile seizures. BMC Neurol 2023; 23:7. [PMID: 36609211 PMCID: PMC9824967 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-022-03048-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cytokine levels have been measured in acute encephalopathy (AE) to determine its pathology or as a diagnostic biomarker to distinguish it from febrile seizures (FS); however, the dynamics of cytokine level changes have not yet been fully captured in these two neurological manifestations. Thus, we aimed to explore the time course of serum cytokine level changes within 72 h after onset in AE and FS. METHODS We retrospectively measured cytokine level in residual serum samples at multiple timepoints in seven children whose final diagnoses were AE or FS. RESULTS The levels of 13 cytokines appeared to increase immediately after onset and peaked within 12-24 h after onset: interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-4 IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-17, eotaxin, fibroblast growth factor, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, interferon gamma, interferon-inducible protein-10, and macrophage chemoattractant protein-1. There were no dynamic changes in the levels of three cytokines (IL-1 receptor agonist, macrophage inflammatory protein-1α, and platelet-derived growth factor-bb) 72 h after onset. Levels of some cytokines decreased to around control levels within 48 h after onset: IL-1β, IL-4, IL-5, IL-17, fibroblast growth factor, and interferon gamma. The levels of most cytokines appeared to be higher in AE, especially in hemorrhagic shock encephalopathy syndrome, than in FS. CONCLUSIONS Cytokine levels in both AE and FS change dynamically, such as the levels of several cytokines increased within a few hours after onset and decreased at 12-24 h after onset. Therefore, it will be desirable to make clinical decisions regarding the administration of anti-inflammatory therapy in 24 h after onset in AE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazumi Tomioka
- grid.31432.370000 0001 1092 3077Department of Pediatrics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo Japan
| | - Masahiro Nishiyama
- grid.31432.370000 0001 1092 3077Department of Pediatrics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo Japan
| | - Shoichi Tokumoto
- grid.31432.370000 0001 1092 3077Department of Pediatrics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yamaguchi
- grid.31432.370000 0001 1092 3077Department of Pediatrics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo Japan
| | - Kazunori Aoki
- grid.415413.60000 0000 9074 6789Department of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Hyogo Prefectural Kobe Children’s Hospital, Kobe, Hyogo Japan
| | - Yusuke Seino
- grid.415413.60000 0000 9074 6789Department of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Hyogo Prefectural Kobe Children’s Hospital, Kobe, Hyogo Japan
| | - Daisaku Toyoshima
- grid.415413.60000 0000 9074 6789Department of Neurology, Hyogo Prefectural Kobe Children’s Hospital, Kobe, Hyogo Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kurosawa
- grid.415413.60000 0000 9074 6789Department of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Hyogo Prefectural Kobe Children’s Hospital, Kobe, Hyogo Japan
| | - Hiroko Tada
- grid.272456.00000 0000 9343 3630Department of Brain Development and Neural Regeneration, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sakuma
- grid.272456.00000 0000 9343 3630Department of Brain Development and Neural Regeneration, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kandai Nozu
- grid.31432.370000 0001 1092 3077Department of Pediatrics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo Japan
| | - Azusa Maruyama
- grid.415413.60000 0000 9074 6789Department of Neurology, Hyogo Prefectural Kobe Children’s Hospital, Kobe, Hyogo Japan
| | - Ryojiro Tanaka
- grid.415413.60000 0000 9074 6789Department of Emergency and General Pediatrics, Hyogo Prefectural Kobe Children’s Hospital, Kobe, Hyogo Japan
| | - Kazumoto Iijima
- grid.31432.370000 0001 1092 3077Department of Pediatrics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo Japan
| | - Hiroaki Nagase
- grid.31432.370000 0001 1092 3077Department of Pediatrics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo Japan
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Ruffolo G, Alfano V, Romagnolo A, Zimmer T, Mills JD, Cifelli P, Gaeta A, Morano A, Anink J, Mühlebner A, Vezzani A, Aronica E, Palma E. GABA A receptor function is enhanced by Interleukin-10 in human epileptogenic gangliogliomas and its effect is counteracted by Interleukin-1β. Sci Rep 2022; 12:17956. [PMID: 36289354 PMCID: PMC9605959 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-22806-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Gangliogliomas (GGs) are low-grade brain tumours that cause intractable focal epilepsy in children and adults. In GG, as in epileptogenic focal malformations (i.e., tuberous sclerosis complex, TSC), there is evidence of sustained neuroinflammation with involvement of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β. On the other hand, anti-inflammatory mediators are less studied but bear relevance for understanding seizure mechanisms. Therefore, we investigated the effect of the key anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 on GABAergic neurotransmission in GG. We assessed the IL-10 dependent signaling by transcriptomic analysis, immunohistochemistry and performed voltage-clamp recordings on Xenopus oocytes microtransplanted with cell membranes from brain specimens, to overcome the limited availability of acute GG slices. We report that IL-10-related mRNAs were up-regulated in GG and slightly in TSC. Moreover, we found IL-10 receptors are expressed by neurons and astroglia. Furthermore, GABA currents were potentiated significantly by IL-10 in GG. This effect was time and dose-dependent and inhibited by blockade of IL-10 signaling. Notably, in the same tissue, IL-1β reduced GABA current amplitude and prevented the IL-10 effect. These results suggest that in epileptogenic tissue, pro-inflammatory mechanisms of hyperexcitability prevail over key anti-inflammatory pathways enhancing GABAergic inhibition. Hence, boosting the effects of specific anti-inflammatory molecules could resolve inflammation and reduce intractable seizures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Ruffolo
- grid.7841.aDepartment of Physiology and Pharmacology, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, University of Rome Sapienza, Rome, Italy ,grid.18887.3e0000000417581884IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Veronica Alfano
- grid.7841.aDepartment of Physiology and Pharmacology, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, University of Rome Sapienza, Rome, Italy ,grid.18887.3e0000000417581884IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessia Romagnolo
- grid.484519.5Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Till Zimmer
- grid.484519.5Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - James D. Mills
- grid.484519.5Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK ,grid.452379.e0000 0004 0386 7187Chalfont Centre for Epilepsy, Chalfont St Peter, UK
| | - Pierangelo Cifelli
- grid.158820.60000 0004 1757 2611Department of Applied Clinical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Alessandro Gaeta
- grid.7841.aDepartment of Physiology and Pharmacology, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, University of Rome Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Morano
- grid.7841.aDepartment of Human Neuroscience, University of Rome Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Jasper Anink
- grid.484519.5Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Angelika Mühlebner
- grid.484519.5Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,grid.7692.a0000000090126352Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Annamaria Vezzani
- grid.4527.40000000106678902Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Eleonora Aronica
- grid.484519.5Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,grid.419298.f0000 0004 0631 9143Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland, Heemstede, The Netherlands
| | - Eleonora Palma
- grid.7841.aDepartment of Physiology and Pharmacology, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, University of Rome Sapienza, Rome, Italy ,grid.18887.3e0000000417581884IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, Rome, Italy
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9
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Banote RK, Akel S, Zelano J. Blood biomarkers in epilepsy. Acta Neurol Scand 2022; 146:362-368. [PMID: 35411571 PMCID: PMC9790299 DOI: 10.1111/ane.13616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Robust and accessible biomarkers are greatly needed in epilepsy. Diagnostic and prognostic precision in the clinic needs to improve, and there is a need for objective quantification of seizure burden. In recent years, there have been advances in the development of accessible and cost-effective blood-based biomarkers in neurology, and these are increasingly studied in epilepsy. However, the field is in its infancy and specificity and sensitivity for most biomarkers in most clinical situations are not known. This review describes advancements regarding human blood biomarkers in epilepsy. Examples of biochemical markers that have been shown to have higher blood concentrations in study subjects with epilepsy include brain proteins like S100B or neuronal specific enolase, and neuroinflammatory proteins like interleukins, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Some of the blood biomarkers also seem to reflect seizure duration or frequency, and levels decrease in response to treatment with antiseizure medication. For most biomarkers, the literature contains seemingly conflicting results. This is to be expected in an emerging field and could reflect different study populations, sampling or analysis techniques, and epilepsy classification. More studies are needed with emphasis put on the classification of epilepsy and seizure types. More standardized reporting could perhaps decrease result heterogeneity and increase the potential for data sharing and subgroup analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Kumar Banote
- Department of NeurologySahlgrenska University HospitalGothenburgSweden,Department of Clinical NeuroscienceSahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden,Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational MedicineUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Sarah Akel
- Department of Clinical NeuroscienceSahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Johan Zelano
- Department of NeurologySahlgrenska University HospitalGothenburgSweden,Department of Clinical NeuroscienceSahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden,Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational MedicineUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
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10
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Kumar KJ, Kurvari G, Kumar HCK, Tejashree A, Manjunath VG. A Comparative Analysis of Serum Interleukin-6 Levels in Children with Febrile Seizures and Febrile Controls. J Neurosci Rural Pract 2022; 13:336-338. [PMID: 35694060 PMCID: PMC9187387 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1744226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
Febrile seizures (FSs) are the common presentations of seizures in childhood. Activation of cytokine network plays a significant role in the genesis of FSs. Interleukin (IL)-6 is often considered as key cytokine in the generation of FSs.
Objectives
To compare the serum IL-6 levels in children between simple febrile seizures (SFSs) and febrile controls (FCs).
Materials and Methods
This hospital-based prospective cross-sectional study was conducted in JSS Hospital, Mysuru, during a period of 21 months. A total of 83 children were included in the study. Out of which, 38 were cases of SFSs and 45 were FCs without seizures. Serum IL-6 levels were estimated in both SFS and FC groups.
Results
Serum IL-6 levels were increased among children with SFSs (mean = 608.15 pg/mL) when compared with FCs (mean = 342 pg/mL), but the results are not statistically significant (
p
= 0.165). In SFS and FC groups, percentage of subjects with IL-6 levels >50 pg/mL is 31.6 and 44.4%, respectively (
p
= 0.16).
Conclusion
Serum IL-6 levels are higher in children with SFSs compared with FCs. However, this difference did not reach statistical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Jagadish Kumar
- Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeshwara Medical College, Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeshwara Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| | - Gaurav Kurvari
- Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeshwara Medical College, Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeshwara Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| | - H. C. Krishna Kumar
- Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeshwara Medical College, Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeshwara Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| | - A. Tejashree
- Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeshwara Medical College, Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeshwara Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| | - V. G. Manjunath
- Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeshwara Medical College, Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeshwara Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
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11
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Akbar A, Ahmad S. New-Onset Seizures as an Acute Presentation With Atypical EEG Findings in a Previously Healthy Child With Asymptomatic COVID-19 Infection. Cureus 2022; 14:e22899. [PMID: 35399417 PMCID: PMC8986499 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.22899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This infection usually presents with upper respiratory symptoms; however, it can also present with a wide variety of other multisystem and neurological symptoms, including seizures. There are several proposed mechanisms by which COVID-19 can cause systemic signs of infections, including neurological complications and seizures. This case report describes a pediatric patient without a previously documented history of epilepsy who was admitted for new-onset focal seizures with impaired consciousness. No other cause and triggers of seizures were found, and the child was tested positive for COVID-19 infection. The patient had six electroclinical seizures during EEG. Video EEG findings showed atypical features of onset of intermittent rhythmic delta activity (IRDA) slowing over the left hemisphere with evolution/generalization of rhythmic delta/theta activity and without clear typical generalized epileptiform discharges. These EEG findings correlated with a clinical change of behavior arrest, staring, and yawning. Similar spells were reported multiple times a day prior to the admission, and past EEG was normal. A review of current literature on COVID-19 and neurological manifestations in children, including new seizures and prior diagnosis of epilepsy, is also provided in this case report. The clinical experience in children with newly diagnosed or chronic epilepsy suggests that exacerbation of seizures, especially from systemic effects such as those caused by severe COVID-19 infection, will be a major concern.
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12
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Neurologic manifestations in children with COVID-19 from a tertiary center in Turkey and literature review. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2022; 37:139-154. [PMID: 35287009 PMCID: PMC8853984 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpn.2022.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since December 2019, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a global pandemic caused by highly transmissible severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Although respiratory disease and multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) are main clinical presentations in children, numerous neurological manifestations are being described increasingly. We aimed to investigate new onset neurological symptoms associated with SARS-CoV-2 in pediatric patients in order to establish a possible relationship as well as to understand the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms between SARS-CoV-2 infection and neurological findings. METHODS We analyzed retrospectively children who had neurologic manifestations temporally associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection at Hacettepe University İhsan Doğramaci Children's Hospital. We performed a literature search between March 20, 2020 and March 30, 2021. Articles that report children with COVID-19 related neurological manifestations were included. RESULTS We have observed 15 consecutive cases with new onset neurological manifestations along with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. Age at hospitalization ranged from three months to 17 years. Ten patients had central nervous system involvement, and most common manifestation was encephalopathy (5/10), which is also one of the most common manifestations of the patients mentioned in the relevant 39 articles we reviewed. CONCLUSION Children with COVID-19 can present with neurologic findings such as encephalopathy, seizures, cerebrovascular events as well as abnormal eye movements. Clinical suspicion and awareness are required to show the association between neurologic manifestations and COVID-19.
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13
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Zong Y, Li J, Xu X, Xu X. Effects of nicorandil on systemic inflammation and oxidative stress induced by percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with coronary heart disease. J Int Med Res 2021; 49:3000605211058873. [PMID: 34871513 PMCID: PMC8652181 DOI: 10.1177/03000605211058873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The present study investigated the effects of a bolus intracoronary injection of nicorandil on systemic inflammation and oxidative stress induced by percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). Methods Patients undergoing coronary angiography (CAG) were enrolled into the CAG group (n = 30). Patients undergoing PCI were randomly divided into the PCI (n = 30) and PCI + nicorandil groups (n = 30). Results Blood taken from patients in the placebo group 24 hours after PCI exhibited significant increases in the expression of inflammatory indicators and mild increases in the expression of anti-inflammatory indicators. The intracoronary injection of nicorandil reversed the elevation of inflammatory indicators and significantly increased the levels of anti-inflammatory indicators in the blood of patients with PCI. Blood taken from patients in the placebo group 24 hours after PCI also displayed significant decreased superoxide dismutase levels and increased malondialdehyde levels. Nicorandil treatment reversed these changes of oxidative stress marker levels. Conclusions These results indicated the possible medical application of intracoronary injections of nicorandil for reducing systemic inflammation and oxidative stress in the peripheral blood of patients undergoing PCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulong Zong
- Clinical Laboratory Center, Taian City Central Hospital, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Cardiology, 66310First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Xinghua Xu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Xingli Xu
- Ultrasound in Cardiac Electrophysiology and Biomechanics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
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14
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Pottoo FH, Salahuddin M, Khan FA, AL Dhamen MA, Alsaeed WJ, Gomaa MS, Vatte C, Alomary MN. Combinatorial Regimen of Carbamazepine and Imipramine Exhibits Synergism against Grandmal Epilepsy in Rats: Inhibition of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines and PI3K/Akt/mTOR Signaling Pathway. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:1204. [PMID: 34832986 PMCID: PMC8624327 DOI: 10.3390/ph14111204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a neurodegenerative disorder that causes recurring seizures. Thirty-five percent of patients remain refractory, with a higher prevalence of depression. We investigated the anticonvulsant efficacy of carbamazepine (CBZ; 20 and 50 mg/kg), imipramine (IMI; 10 and 20 mg/kg) alone, and as a low dose combination. This preclinical investigation included dosing of rats for 14 days followed by elicitation of electroshock on the last day of treatment. Along with behavioral monitoring, the rat hippocampus was processed for quantification of mTOR, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α levels. The histopathological analysis of rat hippocampus was performed to ascertain neuroprotection. In vitro studies and in silico studies were also conducted. We found that the low dose combinatorial therapy of CBZ (20 mg/kg) + IMI (10 mg/kg) exhibits synergism (p < 0.001) in abrogation of maximal electroshock (MES) induced convulsions/tonic hind limb extension (THLE), by reducing levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and weakening of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signal. The combination also exhibits cooperative binding at the Akt. As far as neuroprotection is concerned, the said combination increased cell viability by 166.37% compared to Pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) treated HEK-293 cells. Thus, the combination of CBZ (20 mg/kg) + IMI (10 mg/kg) is a fruitful combination therapy to elevate seizure threshold and provide neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faheem Hyder Pottoo
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdul Rahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.A.D.); (W.J.A.)
| | - Mohammed Salahuddin
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultation, Imam Abdul Rahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Firdos Alam Khan
- Department of Stem cell Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultation, Imam Abdul Rahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Marwa Abdullah AL Dhamen
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdul Rahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.A.D.); (W.J.A.)
| | - Walaa Jafar Alsaeed
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdul Rahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.A.D.); (W.J.A.)
| | - Mohamed S. Gomaa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdul Rahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Chittibabu Vatte
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Imam Abdul Rahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohammad N. Alomary
- National Centre for Biotechnology, Kind Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), P.O. Box 1982, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia
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15
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Maniu I, Costea R, Maniu G, Neamtu BM. Inflammatory Biomarkers in Febrile Seizure: A Comprehensive Bibliometric, Review and Visualization Analysis. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11081077. [PMID: 34439695 PMCID: PMC8394500 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11081077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Inflammatory markers association with many diseases is the subject of many articles and reviews. This study presents a comprehensive bibliometric review and visualization analysis of inflammatory biomarkers (IB) in the context of febrile seizure (FS) patients. Methods: The study focused on IB in FS using (1) bibliometric analysis specific indicators and maps in order to analyze and present the network of authors, journals, universities, and countries, and (2) automated literature screening and unsupervised clustering approach for filtering and topic cluster identification. Results: We conducted a literature mining search on FS research, specifically IB in the context of FS, using the automated tools VOSviewer and Bibliometrix. Indices of the inflammatory response (in the context of febrile seizures) identified by the literature mining are (pro/anti-inflammatory) cytokines, such as interleukin IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, I-10, IL-22, tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet count (PLT), and red blood cell distribution width (RDW). The resulted bibliometric maps and topic clusters offer a comprehensive overview, the status and leading trends on existing research of inflammatory biomarkers in FS. Conclusion: The analysis using bibliometrics and review with graphical presentations can be useful in investigating and (better) understanding the relationship between FS and IB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ionela Maniu
- Research Center in Informatics and Information Technology, Mathematics and Informatics Department, Faculty of Sciences, Lucian Blaga University, 550025 Sibiu, Romania;
- Research Compartment, Pediatric Clinical Hospital, 550166 Sibiu, Romania;
- Correspondence: (I.M.); (B.M.N.)
| | - Raluca Costea
- Research Compartment, Pediatric Clinical Hospital, 550166 Sibiu, Romania;
- Pediatric Neurology Department, Pediatric Clinical Hospital, 550166 Sibiu, Romania
- Medical Department, Faculty of Medicine, Lucian Blaga University, 550169 Sibiu, Romania
| | - George Maniu
- Research Center in Informatics and Information Technology, Mathematics and Informatics Department, Faculty of Sciences, Lucian Blaga University, 550025 Sibiu, Romania;
| | - Bogdan Mihai Neamtu
- Research Compartment, Pediatric Clinical Hospital, 550166 Sibiu, Romania;
- Clinical Department, Faculty of Medicine, Lucian Blaga University, 550169 Sibiu, Romania
- Computer and Electrical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Lucian Blaga University, 550025 Sibiu, Romania
- Correspondence: (I.M.); (B.M.N.)
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16
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Towards a Treatment for Neuroinflammation in Epilepsy: Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist, Anakinra, as a Potential Treatment in Intractable Epilepsy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126282. [PMID: 34208064 PMCID: PMC8230637 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Febrile Infection-Related Epilepsy Syndrome (FIRES) is a unique catastrophic epilepsy syndrome, and the development of drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) is inevitable. Recently, anakinra, an interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA), has been increasingly used to treat DRE due to its potent anticonvulsant activity. We here summarized its effects in 38 patients (32 patients with FIRES and six with DRE). Of the 22 patients with FIRES, 16 (73%) had at least short-term seizure control 1 week after starting anakinra, while the remaining six suspected anakinra-refractory cases were male and had poor prognoses. Due to the small sample size, an explanation for anakinra refractoriness was not evident. In all DRE patients, seizures disappeared or improved, and cognitive function improved in five of the six patients following treatment. Patients showed no serious side effects, although drug reactions with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms, cytopenia, and infections were observed. Thus, anakinra has led to a marked improvement in some cases, and functional deficiency of IL-1RA was indicated, supporting a direct mechanism for its therapeutic effect. This review first discusses the effectiveness of anakinra for intractable epileptic syndromes. Anakinra could become a new tool for intractable epilepsy treatment. However, it does not currently have a solid evidence base.
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17
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Evaluation of IL-10, IFN-γ, and thiol-disulfide homeostasis in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy. Neurol Sci 2021; 43:485-492. [PMID: 34036451 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-021-05331-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study compared dynamic thiol-disulfide homeostasis (an oxidative stress marker), anti-inflammatory interleukin-10 (IL-10) levels, and proinflammatory interferon gamma (IFN-γ) levels in drug-resistant epilepsy patients with those in patients with well-controlled epilepsy and healthy controls. METHOD This prospective cross-sectional study enrolled 89 people: 27 with drug-resistant epilepsy, 30 with well-controlled epilepsy, and 32 healthy controls matched in demographic characteristics. RESULTS The mean serum IL-10 levels were significantly lower and the mean serum IFN-γ levels significantly higher in the drug-resistant epilepsy patients compared to the well-controlled epilepsy and healthy control groups. The mean serum native thiol (SH) and total thiol (TT) levels were significantly lower, and the disulfide (SS) levels were significantly higher in the drug-resistant group than in the other two groups. CONCLUSIONS The significant differences in thiol-disulfide homeostasis and IL-10 and IFN-γ levels in the drug-resistant epilepsy group suggest that these markers indicate a poor prognosis in epilepsy.
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18
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Young GB, Thio LL. A Better Blood Test to Differentiate Epileptic From Psychogenic Nonepileptic Seizures? Neurology 2021; 96:467-468. [PMID: 33495375 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000011593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- G Bryan Young
- From the Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences (G.B.Y.), University of Western Ontario, London, Canada; and Paediatric Neurology (L.L.T.), Washington University, St. Louis, MO.
| | - Liu Lin Thio
- From the Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences (G.B.Y.), University of Western Ontario, London, Canada; and Paediatric Neurology (L.L.T.), Washington University, St. Louis, MO
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19
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Bojja SL, Medhi B, Anand S, Bhatia A, Joshi R, Minz RW. Metformin ameliorates the status epilepticus- induced hippocampal pathology through possible mTOR modulation. Inflammopharmacology 2021; 29:137-151. [PMID: 33386490 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-020-00782-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The initial precipitating injury such as SE progresses to chronic epilepsy through multiple epileptogenic processes. Early epileptogenic events are generally characterized by neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration and abnormal neurogenesis in the hippocampus. Metformin has exhibited anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties in numerous studies. The current study attempts to investigate the effect of metformin on seizure-induced inflammation and neuronal degeneration, and the involvement of the mTOR pathway. Status epilepticus (SE) was induced in male Wistar rats with systemic administration of Lithium (127 mg/kg) and Pilocarpine (30 mg/kg). In test rats, Metformin 100 mg/kg or 200 mg/kg was administered orally for 7 days, followed by SE induction. Results indicate that metformin did not alter the SE profile significantly which was evident by the behavioural scoring and electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings. However, metformin 200 mg/kg attenuated the SE-induced glial activation (p < 0.01), up regulated mRNA levels of proinflammatory cytokines (p < 0.001) and chemokines (p < 0.001) and enhanced BBB permeability (p < 0.05). In addition, metformin ameliorated the insult-induced region-specific neuronal damage (p < 0.01) and restored the hippocampal neuronal density. Metformin significantly inhibited phosphorylated S6 ribosomal protein (phospho-S6rp) (p < 0.05), thus demonstrating that the beneficial effects might be partly mediated by the mTOR pathway. The study thus reiterates that mTOR signalling is one of the mechanisms involved in inflammation and neurodegeneration in early epileptogenesis following SE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sree Lalitha Bojja
- Department of Immunopathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India.,Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MAHE, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Bikash Medhi
- Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Shashi Anand
- Department of Immunopathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Alka Bhatia
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Rupa Joshi
- Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Ranjana W Minz
- Department of Immunopathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India.
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20
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Gust J, Ponce R, Liles WC, Garden GA, Turtle CJ. Cytokines in CAR T Cell-Associated Neurotoxicity. Front Immunol 2020; 11:577027. [PMID: 33391257 PMCID: PMC7772425 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.577027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells provide new therapeutic options for patients with relapsed/refractory hematologic malignancies. However, neurotoxicity is a frequent, and potentially fatal, complication. The spectrum of manifestations ranges from delirium and language dysfunction to seizures, coma, and fatal cerebral edema. This novel syndrome has been designated immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS). In this review, we draw an arc from our current understanding of how systemic and potentially local cytokine release act on the CNS, toward possible preventive and therapeutic approaches. We systematically review reported correlations of secreted inflammatory mediators in the serum/plasma and cerebrospinal fluid with the risk of ICANS in patients receiving CAR T cell therapy. Possible pathophysiologic impacts on the CNS are covered in detail for the most promising candidate cytokines, including IL-1, IL-6, IL-15, and GM-CSF. To provide insight into possible final common pathways of CNS inflammation, we place ICANS into the context of other systemic inflammatory conditions that are associated with neurologic dysfunction, including sepsis-associated encephalopathy, cerebral malaria, thrombotic microangiopathy, CNS infections, and hepatic encephalopathy. We then review in detail what is known about systemic cytokine interaction with components of the neurovascular unit, including endothelial cells, pericytes, and astrocytes, and how microglia and neurons respond to systemic inflammatory challenges. Current therapeutic approaches, including corticosteroids and blockade of IL-1 and IL-6 signaling, are reviewed in the context of what is known about the role of cytokines in ICANS. Throughout, we point out gaps in knowledge and possible new approaches for the investigation of the mechanism, prevention, and treatment of ICANS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Gust
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle, WA, United States
| | | | - W. Conrad Liles
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Gwenn A. Garden
- Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Cameron J. Turtle
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States
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Oztas B, Sahin D, Kir H, Kuskay S, Ates N. Effects of leptin, ghrelin and neuropeptide y on spike-wave discharge activity and certain biochemical parameters in WAG/Rij rats with genetic absence epilepsy. J Neuroimmunol 2020; 351:577454. [PMID: 33333420 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2020.577454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of leptin, ghrelin and neuropeptide-Y on the development of nonconvulsive seizure activity and their role on combating oxidative stress and cytokines produced by the systemic immune response in the WAG/Rij rat model for genetic absence epilepsy. Current study showed that all three peptides aggravated spike wave discharges activity and affected the oxidative stress in WAG/Rij rats without any significant changes in the levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α except leptin that only induced an increment in the concentration of IL-1β. Our results support the modulatory role of these endogenous peptides on absence epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berrin Oztas
- Kocaeli University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Deniz Sahin
- Kocaeli University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Kocaeli, Turkey.
| | - Hale Kir
- Kocaeli University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Sevinc Kuskay
- Kocaeli University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Nurbay Ates
- Kocaeli University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Kocaeli, Turkey
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22
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Hautala M, Arvila J, Pokka T, Mikkonen K, Koskela U, Helander H, Glumoff V, Rantala H, Tapiainen T. Respiratory viruses and febrile response in children with febrile seizures: A cohort study and embedded case-control study. Seizure 2020; 84:69-77. [PMID: 33285363 DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2020.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There are limited data on the pathogen-related and host-related factors in the pathogenesis of febrile seizures (FS). We designed a controlled study to compare the role of different respiratory viruses and febrile response in FS. METHODS In a prospective cohort study of 1899 pediatric emergency room patients aged 6 months-6 years with a positive respiratory virus multiplex PCR, we identified 225 patients with FSs. We first compared the distribution of respiratory viruses in age-stratified patients with FSs with that in other patients. In an embedded case-control study, we compared the febrile response in patients with FSs with that in the controls matched for age, season and the same respiratory virus. RESULTS The relative risk for FS was the highest for coronavirus OC43, 229E, and NL63 infections [RR: 3.2, 95 % confidence interval (CI): 1.4-7.2) and influenza A and B [RR: 2.5, 95 % CI: 1.4-4.7] as compared to those with other respiratory viral infections. The patients with FSs had a stronger febrile response of 39.2 °C (difference: 0.8 °C, 95 % CI: 0.5-1.2) later during hospitalization after acute care than the controls matched for the same respiratory virus. CONCLUSIONS Influenza and coronaviruses caused relatively more FS-related emergency room visits than other respiratory viruses. Furthermore, the febrile response was stronger in the patients with FSs than in the controls matched for the same respiratory virus. The results suggest that the pathomechanism of FSs includes modifiable pathogen-related and host-related factors with possible potential in the prevention of FSs.
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MESH Headings
- Adenovirus Infections, Human/epidemiology
- Adenovirus Infections, Human/virology
- Case-Control Studies
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- Cohort Studies
- Coronavirus 229E, Human
- Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology
- Coronavirus Infections/virology
- Coronavirus NL63, Human
- Coronavirus OC43, Human
- Emergency Service, Hospital
- Enterovirus Infections/epidemiology
- Enterovirus Infections/virology
- Female
- Fever/physiopathology
- Finland/epidemiology
- Humans
- Infant
- Inflammation
- Influenza A virus
- Influenza B virus
- Influenza, Human/epidemiology
- Influenza, Human/virology
- Male
- Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Paramyxoviridae Infections/epidemiology
- Paramyxoviridae Infections/virology
- Picornaviridae Infections/epidemiology
- Picornaviridae Infections/virology
- Prospective Studies
- Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections/epidemiology
- Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections/virology
- Respiratory Tract Infections/epidemiology
- Respiratory Tract Infections/physiopathology
- Respiratory Tract Infections/virology
- Rhinovirus
- Risk
- Seizures, Febrile/epidemiology
- Seizures, Febrile/virology
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Hautala
- PEDEGO Research Unit (Research Unit for Pediatrics, Dermatology, Clinical Genetics, Obstetrics and Gynecology), Medical Research Center Oulu (MRC Oulu), University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.
| | - Jukka Arvila
- PEDEGO Research Unit (Research Unit for Pediatrics, Dermatology, Clinical Genetics, Obstetrics and Gynecology), Medical Research Center Oulu (MRC Oulu), University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Tytti Pokka
- PEDEGO Research Unit (Research Unit for Pediatrics, Dermatology, Clinical Genetics, Obstetrics and Gynecology), Medical Research Center Oulu (MRC Oulu), University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Kirsi Mikkonen
- PEDEGO Research Unit (Research Unit for Pediatrics, Dermatology, Clinical Genetics, Obstetrics and Gynecology), Medical Research Center Oulu (MRC Oulu), University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland; Epilepsia Helsinki, Division of Child neurology, Children's Hospital, and Pediatric Research Center, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ulla Koskela
- PEDEGO Research Unit (Research Unit for Pediatrics, Dermatology, Clinical Genetics, Obstetrics and Gynecology), Medical Research Center Oulu (MRC Oulu), University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Heli Helander
- PEDEGO Research Unit (Research Unit for Pediatrics, Dermatology, Clinical Genetics, Obstetrics and Gynecology), Medical Research Center Oulu (MRC Oulu), University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Virpi Glumoff
- Research Unit of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Heikki Rantala
- PEDEGO Research Unit (Research Unit for Pediatrics, Dermatology, Clinical Genetics, Obstetrics and Gynecology), Medical Research Center Oulu (MRC Oulu), University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Terhi Tapiainen
- PEDEGO Research Unit (Research Unit for Pediatrics, Dermatology, Clinical Genetics, Obstetrics and Gynecology), Medical Research Center Oulu (MRC Oulu), University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland; Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Finland
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Swarz JA, Daily S, Niemi E, Hilbert SG, Ibrahim HA, Gaitanis JN. COVID-19 Infection Presenting as Acute-Onset Focal Status Epilepticus. Pediatr Neurol 2020; 112:7. [PMID: 32823139 PMCID: PMC7392878 DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2020.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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24
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Basnyat P, Pesu M, Söderqvist M, Grönholm A, Liimatainen S, Peltola M, Raitanen J, Peltola J. Chronically reduced IL-10 plasma levels are associated with hippocampal sclerosis in temporal lobe epilepsy patients. BMC Neurol 2020; 20:241. [PMID: 32532251 PMCID: PMC7291453 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-020-01825-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Increasing evidence supports the role of soluble inflammatory mediators in the pathogenesis of refractory temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Hippocampal sclerosis (HS) is a well-described pathohistological abnormality in TLE. The association of proinflammatory cytokines with epileptic disease profiles is well established; however, the potential significance of circulating interleukin 10 (IL-10), particularly in TLE-associated HS, is still poorly understood. Therefore, taking into consideration the neuroprotective and anticonvulsive effects of IL-10, we performed this study to examine the role of the plasma levels of IL-10 in patients with TLE with HS (TLE + HS), TLE without HS (TLE-HS) and with other types of epilepsy. Methods This study included 270 patients with refractory epilepsy who were classified into four groups: i) 34 patients with TLE + HS, ii) 105 patients with TLE-HS, iii) 95 patients with extra-TLE (XLE) and iv) 36 patients with idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE). The plasma IL-10 levels were quantified using a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results IL-10 levels were significantly lower in TLE + HS than in TLE-HS (p = 0.013). In a subgroup of TLE-HS patients who had seizures 1 month before sampling, patients with seizures had significantly higher IL-10 levels than patients who were seizure-free (p = 0.039). Among a small group (n = 15) of non-refractory TLE-HS patients, IL-10 levels showed a moderate negative correlation with the duration of epilepsy (r = − 0.585, p = 0.023). Conclusions This study demonstrated that chronically reduced levels of plasma IL-10 were associated with HS in TLE patients, suggesting that there was an inadequate systemic anti-inflammatory immune response. These results could provide new biological insights into the pathophysiology of HS in TLE. We also found that the production of IL-10 could be affected by the seizure frequency and declined concomitantly with increased disease durations. Therefore, the measurement of plasma IL-10 may have diagnostic value as a biomarker for stratifying TLE + HS from other epilepsy types or as a marker of disease progression towards a progressive form of epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pabitra Basnyat
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, D532, 33520, Tampere, Finland. .,Department of Neurology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.
| | - Marko Pesu
- Immunoregulation, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.,Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
| | - Mikael Söderqvist
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, D532, 33520, Tampere, Finland
| | - Anna Grönholm
- Immunoregulation, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Suvi Liimatainen
- Department of Neurology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Maria Peltola
- Department of Child Psychiatry, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jani Raitanen
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Health Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.,UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jukka Peltola
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, D532, 33520, Tampere, Finland.,Department of Neurology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
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25
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Wang H, Li P, Zhang Y, Zhang C, Li K, Song C. Cytokine changes in different types of depression: Specific or general? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.npbr.2020.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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26
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Xu Y, Li S, Cai C, Liu J, Wang Y, Jiang Y, Du L, Chen Z. Characterization of inflammatory cytokine profiles in cerebrospinal fluid of hand, foot, and mouth disease children with enterovirus 71-related encephalitis in Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e18464. [PMID: 31876729 PMCID: PMC6946215 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000018464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterovirus 71 (EV71) is an important etiological agent of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD), which can also lead to severe neurological complications (eg, encephalitis) in young children. Although a series of reports on EV71 infection have been published, the pathogenic mechanism of EV71 infection is still not fully understood.We evaluated the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of the inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-8, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and IL-12p70 in 88 children with EV71-related encephalitis and 19 children with febrile convulsion (FC) with the use of commercial cytometric bead array kits.The levels of IL-8, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10 in CSF were significantly higher in encephalitis group when compared with those observed in FC group, while no significant changes were noted in the levels of TNF-α and IL-12p70. In addition, significant and positive correlations among CSF IL-8, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10 were observed in encephalitis group. Furthermore, receiver operator characteristic analysis determined a cut-off value of 10.62 pg/mL for IL-6 to discriminate encephalitis patients from FCs with the sensitivity and specificity of 89.8% and 84.2%, respectively. Moreover, logistic regression analyses revealed that IL-6 was an independent predictor of EV71-related encephalitis (odds ratio = 23.241, P < .001).Our results indicate that 4 inflammatory cytokines (IL-8, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10) play important roles in the pathogenesis of EV71 infection. IL-6 may be used for the evaluation of EV71-related encephalitis and as a potential therapy candidate for EV71 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingchun Xu
- Department of Pulmonology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine
| | - Shuxian Li
- Department of Pulmonology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine
| | - Chunyan Cai
- Department of Infectious Disease, Hangzhou Children's Hospital
| | - Jinling Liu
- Department of Pulmonology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine
| | - Yingshuo Wang
- Department of Pulmonology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine
| | - Yuan Jiang
- Department of Pulmonology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine
| | - Lizhong Du
- Department of Neonatology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhimin Chen
- Department of Pulmonology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine
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Dexamethasone Attenuates Hyperexcitability Provoked by Experimental Febrile Status Epilepticus. eNeuro 2019; 6:ENEURO.0430-19.2019. [PMID: 31685676 PMCID: PMC6860985 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0430-19.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of neuroinflammation in the mechanisms of epilepsy development is important because inflammatory mediators provide tractable targets for intervention. Inflammation is intrinsically involved in the generation of childhood febrile seizures (FSs), and prolonged FS [febrile status epilepticus (FSE)] precedes a large proportion of adult cases of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). As TLE is often refractory to therapy and is associated with serious cognitive and emotional problems, we investigated whether its development can be prevented using anti-inflammatory strategies. Using an immature rat model of FSE [experimental FSE (eFSE)], we administered dexamethasone (DEX), a broad anti-inflammatory agent, over 3 d following eFSE. We assessed eFSE-provoked hippocampal network hyperexcitability by quantifying the presence, frequency, and duration of hippocampal spike series, as these precede and herald the development of TLE-like epilepsy. We tested whether eFSE provoked hippocampal microgliosis, astrocytosis, and proinflammatory cytokine production in male and female rats and investigated blood–brain barrier (BBB) breaches as a potential contributor. We then evaluated whether DEX attenuated these eFSE sequelae. Spike series were not observed in control rats given vehicle or DEX, but occurred in 41.6% of eFSE-vehicle rats, associated with BBB leakage and elevated hippocampal cytokines. eFSE did not induce astrocytosis or microgliosis but provoked BBB disruption in 60% of animals. DEX significantly reduced spike series prevalence (to 7.6%) and frequency, and abrogated eFSE-induced cytokine production and BBB leakage (to 20%). These findings suggest that a short, postinsult intervention with a clinically available anti-inflammatory agent potently attenuates epilepsy-predicting hippocampal hyperexcitability, potentially by minimizing BBB disruption and related neuroinflammation.
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Reduced cerebrospinal fluid levels of interleukin-10 in children with febrile seizures. Seizure 2019; 65:94-97. [PMID: 30658331 DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2019.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The exact etiology of febrile seizures (FS) is still unclear. However, it is thought that cytokine network activation may have a causative role. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the levels of interleukin-12 (IL-12) as a proinflammatory cytokine, interleukin-10 (IL-10) as an anti-inflammatory cytokine, and interferon-β (IFN-β), a marker of toll-like receptor-3 activation as a host response to viruses. These cytokine levels were analyzed in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of children after a FS. METHODS With the approval of the Human Research Ethics Committee, 76 patients with FS, who underwent lumbar puncture (LP) for the exclusion of central nervous system (CNS) infection, and who didn't have CSF pleocytosis, were included in the study. The control group consisted of 10 patients with similar ages, with an acute febrile illness and who required LP to exclude CNS infection. The analyses were made by the enzyme-linked immunoassay method. RESULTS Age, gender distribution and CSF IL-12 and IFN- β levels did not differ, but CSF IL-10 levels were significantly lower in the FS group as compared to the control group (0.78 ± 4.5 pg/ml, versus 27 ± 29 pg/ml, p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION The low-level of CSF IL-10, considering its anti-inflammatory properties, may play a role in the etiopathogenesis of FS.
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The role of Mean Platelet Volume/platelet count Ratio and Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio on the risk of Febrile Seizure. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15123. [PMID: 30310107 PMCID: PMC6181908 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33373-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic inflammatory response has been implicated as a contributor to the onset of febrile seizures (FS). The four novel indices of the inflammatory response such as, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet count (PLT) ratio and red blood cell distribution width (RDW) have been investigated in FS susceptibility and FS types (simple febrile seizure and complex febrile seizure). However, the potential role of these inflammatory markers and MPV/PLT ratio (MPR) in Chinese children with FS has yet to be fully determined. This study investigated the relevance of NLR, MPV, PLT, MPR and RDW in febrile children with and without seizures. 249 children with FS and 249 age matched controls were included in this study. NLR and MPR were calculated from complete blood cell counts prior to therapy. Differences in age, gender and these inflammatory markers between the FS group and the control group were evaluated using the chi-square test, t-test or logistic regression analysis. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve was used to determine the optimal cut-off value of NLR and MPR for FS risk. Interactions between NLR and MPR on the additive scale were calculated by using the relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI), the proportion attributable to interaction (AP), and the synergy index (S). It has been shown that the elevated NLR and MPR levels were associated with increased risk of FS. The optimal cut-off values of NLR and MPR for FS risk were 1.13 and 0.0335 with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.768 and 0.689, respectively. Additionally, a significant synergistic interaction between NLR and MPR was found on an additive scale. The mean levels of MPV were lower and NLR levels were higher in complex febrile seizure (CFS) than simple febrile seizure (SFS), and the differences were statistically significant. ROC analysis showed that the optimal cut-off value for NLR was 2.549 with 65.9% sensitivity and 57.5% specificity. However, no statistically significant differences were found regarding average values of MPR and RDW between CFS and SFS. In conclusion, elevated NLR and MPR add evidence to the implication of white cells subsets in FS risk, and our results confirmed that NLR is an independent, albeit limited, predictor in differentiating between CFS and SFS. Moreover, NLR and MPR may have a synergistic effect that can influence the occurrence of FS.
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30
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Leung AK, Hon KL, Leung TN. Febrile seizures: an overview. Drugs Context 2018; 7:212536. [PMID: 30038660 PMCID: PMC6052913 DOI: 10.7573/dic.212536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 06/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Febrile seizures are the most common neurologic disorder in childhood. Physicians should be familiar with the proper evaluation and management of this common condition. Objective To provide an update on the current understanding, evaluation, and management of febrile seizures. Methods A PubMed search was completed in Clinical Queries using the key terms ‘febrile convulsions’ and ‘febrile seizures’. The search strategy included meta-analyses, randomized controlled trials, clinical trials, observational studies, and reviews. Results Febrile seizures, with a peak incidence between 12 and 18 months of age, likely result from a vulnerability of the developing central nervous system to the effects of fever, in combination with an underlying genetic predisposition and environmental factors. The majority of febrile seizures occur within 24 hours of the onset of the fever. Febrile seizures can be simple or complex. Clinical judgment based on variable presentations must direct the diagnostic studies which are usually not necessary in the majority of cases. A lumbar puncture should be considered in children younger than 12 months of age or with suspected meningitis. Children with complex febrile seizures are at risk of subsequent epilepsy. Approximately 30–40% of children with a febrile seizure will have a recurrence during early childhood. The prognosis is favorable as the condition is usually benign and self-limiting. Intervention to stop the seizure often is unnecessary. Conclusion Continuous preventative antiepileptic therapy for the prevention of recurrent febrile seizures is not recommended. The use of intermittent anticonvulsant therapy is not routinely indicated. Antipyretics have no role in the prevention of febrile seizures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Kc Leung
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Calgary, Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kam Lun Hon
- Department of Pediatrics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Theresa Nh Leung
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Ha J, Choi J, Kwon A, Kim K, Kim SJ, Bae SH, Son JS, Kim SN, Kwak BO, Lee R. Interleukin-4 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels in children with febrile seizures. Seizure 2018; 58:156-162. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2018.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2017] [Revised: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
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Kim K, Kwak BO, Kwon A, Ha J, Kim SJ, Bae SW, Son JS, Kim SN, Lee R. Correction to: Analysis of plasma multiplex cytokines and increased level of IL-10 and IL-1Ra cytokines in febrile seizures. J Neuroinflammation 2017; 14:226. [PMID: 29149888 PMCID: PMC5693508 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-017-0986-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023] Open
Abstract
After publication of the article [1], it has been brought to our attention that several of the authors' names were formatted incorrectly in the original version of the article. The corrections are listed below -"Byungok Kwak" should be "Byung Ok Kwak""Soojin Kim" should be "Soo-Jin Kim""Sunwhan Bae" should be "Sun Whan Bae""Jaesung Son" should be "Jae Sung Son""Soonyung Kim" should be "Soo-Nyung Kim"The original version of the article has now been revised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungmin Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Konkuk University Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Byung Ok Kwak
- Department of Pediatrics, Konkuk University Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Aram Kwon
- Department of Pediatrics, Konkuk University Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jongseok Ha
- Department of Pediatrics, Konkuk University Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Soo-Jin Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, 120-1 Neungdong-ro (Hwayang-dong), Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05030, South Korea
| | - Sun Whan Bae
- Department of Pediatrics, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, 120-1 Neungdong-ro (Hwayang-dong), Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05030, South Korea
| | - Jae Sung Son
- Department of Pediatrics, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, 120-1 Neungdong-ro (Hwayang-dong), Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05030, South Korea
| | - Soo-Nyung Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ran Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, 120-1 Neungdong-ro (Hwayang-dong), Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05030, South Korea. .,International Healthcare Research Institute, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea.
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