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Zapata-Acevedo JF, Losada-Barragán M, Osma JF, Cruz JC, Reiber A, Petry KG, Caillard A, Sauldubois A, Llamosa Pérez D, Morillo Zárate AJ, Muñoz SB, Daza Moreno A, Silva RV, Infante-Duarte C, Chamorro-Coral W, González-Reyes RE, Vargas-Sánchez K. Specific nanoprobe design for MRI: Targeting laminin in the blood-brain barrier to follow alteration due to neuroinflammation. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0302031. [PMID: 38603692 PMCID: PMC11008835 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0302031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic neuroinflammation is characterized by increased blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability, leading to molecular changes in the central nervous system that can be explored with biomarkers of active neuroinflammatory processes. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has contributed to detecting lesions and permeability of the BBB. Ultra-small superparamagnetic particles of iron oxide (USPIO) are used as contrast agents to improve MRI observations. Therefore, we validate the interaction of peptide-88 with laminin, vectorized on USPIO, to explore BBB molecular alterations occurring during neuroinflammation as a potential tool for use in MRI. The specific labeling of NPS-P88 was verified in endothelial cells (hCMEC/D3) and astrocytes (T98G) under inflammation induced by interleukin 1β (IL-1β) for 3 and 24 hours. IL-1β for 3 hours in hCMEC/D3 cells increased their co-localization with NPS-P88, compared with controls. At 24 hours, no significant differences were observed between groups. In T98G cells, NPS-P88 showed similar nonspecific labeling among treatments. These results indicate that NPS-P88 has a higher affinity towards brain endothelial cells than astrocytes under inflammation. This affinity decreases over time with reduced laminin expression. In vivo results suggest that following a 30-minute post-injection, there is an increased presence of NPS-P88 in the blood and brain, diminishing over time. Lastly, EAE animals displayed a significant accumulation of NPS-P88 in MRI, primarily in the cortex, attributed to inflammation and disruption of the BBB. Altogether, these results revealed NPS-P88 as a biomarker to evaluate changes in the BBB due to neuroinflammation by MRI in biological models targeting laminin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan F. Zapata-Acevedo
- Grupo de Investigación en Neurociencias (NeURos), Centro de Neurociencia Neurovitae-UR, Instituto de Medicina Traslacional (IMT), Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Mónica Losada-Barragán
- Grupo de Biología Celular y Funcional e Ingeniería de Biomoleculas, Departamento de Biología, Universidad Antonio Nariño, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Johann F. Osma
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Juan C. Cruz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Andreas Reiber
- Chemistry Department, Grupo La Quimica en la interfase inorgánica-orgánica QUINORG, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Klaus G. Petry
- CNRS UMR 5536 Centre de Resonance Magnétique des Systemes Biologiques and INSERM U1049 Neuroinflammation, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | | | | | - Daniel Llamosa Pérez
- Facultad de Ciencias, Grupo Investigación fundamental y aplicada en Materiales, Universidad Antonio Nariño, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | | | - Agustín Daza Moreno
- Oficial de Protección Radiológica, Fundación Santa Fé de Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Rafaela V. Silva
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a Cooperation between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carmen Infante-Duarte
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a Cooperation between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - William Chamorro-Coral
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología Celular, Grupo de Neurociencia Traslacional, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Rodrigo E. González-Reyes
- Grupo de Investigación en Neurociencias (NeURos), Centro de Neurociencia Neurovitae-UR, Instituto de Medicina Traslacional (IMT), Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Karina Vargas-Sánchez
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología Celular, Grupo de Neurociencia Traslacional, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
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Li H, Ghorbani S, Ling CC, Yong VW, Xue M. The extracellular matrix as modifier of neuroinflammation and recovery in ischemic stroke and intracerebral hemorrhage. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 186:106282. [PMID: 37683956 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke is the second leading cause of death worldwide and has two major subtypes: ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke. Neuroinflammation is a pathological hallmark of ischemic stroke and intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), contributing to the extent of brain injury but also in its repair. Neuroinflammation is intricately linked to the extracellular matrix (ECM), which is profoundly altered after brain injury and in aging. In the early stages after ischemic stroke and ICH, immune cells are involved in the deposition and remodeling of the ECM thereby affecting processes such as blood-brain barrier and cellular integrity. ECM components regulate leukocyte infiltration into the central nervous system, activate a variety of immune cells, and induce the elevation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) after stroke. In turn, excessive MMPs may degrade ECM into components that are pro-inflammatory and injurious. Conversely, in the later stages after stroke, several ECM molecules may contribute to tissue recovery. For example, thrombospondin-1 and biglycan may promote activity of regulatory T cells, inhibit the synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines, and aid regenerative processes. We highlight these roles of the ECM in ischemic stroke and ICH and discuss their potential cellular and molecular mechanisms. Finally, we discuss therapeutics that could be considered to normalize the ECM in stroke. Our goal is to spur research on the ECM in order to improve the prognosis of ischemic stroke and ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmin Li
- Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Samira Ghorbani
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Chang-Chun Ling
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - V Wee Yong
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Mengzhou Xue
- Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
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Kodati B, Zhang W, He S, Pham JH, Beall KJ, Swanger ZE, Krishnamoorthy VR, Harris PE, Hall T, Tran AV, Chaphalkar RM, Chavala SH, Stankowska DL, Krishnamoorthy RR. The endothelin receptor antagonist macitentan ameliorates endothelin-mediated vasoconstriction and promotes the survival of retinal ganglion cells in rats. FRONTIERS IN OPHTHALMOLOGY 2023; 3:1185755. [PMID: 38464735 PMCID: PMC10921982 DOI: 10.3389/fopht.2023.1185755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Glaucoma is a chronic and progressive eye disease, commonly associated with elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) and characterized by optic nerve degeneration, cupping of the optic disc, and loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). The pathological changes in glaucoma are triggered by multiple mechanisms and both mechanical effects and vascular factors are thought to contribute to the etiology of glaucoma. Various studies have shown that endothelin-1 (ET-1), a vasoactive peptide, acting through its G protein coupled receptors, ETA and ETB, plays a pathophysiologic role in glaucoma. However, the mechanisms by which ET-1 contribute to neurodegeneration remain to be completely understood. Our laboratory and others demonstrated that macitentan (MAC), a pan endothelin receptor antagonist, has neuroprotective effects in rodent models of IOP elevation. The current study aimed to determine if oral administration of a dual endothelin antagonist, macitentan, could promote neuroprotection in an acute model of intravitreal administration of ET-1. We demonstrate that vasoconstriction following the intravitreal administration of ET-1 was attenuated by dietary administration of the ETA/ETB dual receptor antagonist, macitentan (5 mg/kg body weight) in retired breeder Brown Norway rats. ET-1 intravitreal injection produced a 40% loss of RGCs, which was significantly lower in macitentan-treated rats. We also evaluated the expression levels of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) at 24 h and 7 days post intravitreal administration of ET-1 in Brown Norway rats as well as following ET-1 treatment in cultured human optic nerve head astrocytes. We observed that at the 24 h time point the expression levels of GFAP was upregulated (indicative of glial activation) following intravitreal ET-1 administration in both retina and optic nerve head regions. However, following macitentan administration for 7 days after intravitreal ET-1 administration, we observed an upregulation of GFAP expression, compared to untreated rats injected intravitreally with ET-1 alone. Macitentan treatment in ET-1 administered rats showed protection of RGC somas but was not able to preserve axonal integrity and functionality. The endothelin receptor antagonist, macitentan, has neuroprotective effects in the retinas of Brown Norway rats acting through different mechanisms, including enhancement of RGC survival and reduction of ET-1 mediated vasoconstriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bindu Kodati
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United States
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United States
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United States
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United States
| | - Shaoqing He
- Department of Pathology, Children’s Health at Dallas, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Jennifer H. Pham
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United States
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United States
| | - Kallen J. Beall
- Department of General Surgery, Honor Health, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Zoe E. Swanger
- Texas College of Osteopathic Medicine, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United States
| | | | - Payton E. Harris
- Department of Graduate Medical Education, Medical City, Fort Worth, TX, United States
| | - Trent Hall
- Williams College, Williamstown, MA, United States
| | - Ashley V. Tran
- School of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, United States
| | - Renuka M. Chaphalkar
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Sai H. Chavala
- Department of Surgery, Burnett School of Medicine at Texas Christian University (TCU), Fort Worth, TX, United States
| | - Dorota L. Stankowska
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United States
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United States
| | - Raghu R. Krishnamoorthy
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United States
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United States
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Stinson MW, Laurenson AJ, Rotty JD. Macrophage migration is differentially regulated by distinct ECM components. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.27.538597. [PMID: 37162935 PMCID: PMC10168351 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.27.538597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages are indispensable for proper immune surveillance and inflammatory regulation. They also exhibit dramatic phenotypic plasticity and are highly responsive to their local microenvironment, which includes the extracellular matrix (ECM). The present work demonstrates that two fibrous ECM glycoproteins, fibronectin (FN) and laminin (LAM), elicit distinct morphological and migratory responses to macrophages in 2D environments. Laminin 111 inhibits macrophage cell spreading, but drives them to migrate rapidly and less persistently compared to cells on fibronectin. Differential integrin engagement and ROCK/myosin II organization helps explain why macrophages alter their morphology and migration character on these two ECM components. The present study also demonstrates that laminin 111 exerts a suppressive effect toward fibronectin, as macrophages plated on a LAM/FN mixture adopt a morphology and migratory character almost identical to LAM alone. This suggests that distinct responses can be initiated downstream of receptor-ECM engagement, and that one component of the microenvironment may affect the cell's ability to sense another. Overall, macrophages appear intrinsically poised to rapidly switch between distinct migratory modes based on their ECM environments. The role of ECM composition in dictating motile and inflammatory responses in 3D and in vivo contexts warrants further study.
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Chu PH, Chen SC, Chen HY, Wu CB, Huang WT, Chiang HY. Astrocyte-associated fibronectin promotes the proinflammatory phenotype of astrocytes through β1 integrin activation. Mol Cell Neurosci 2023; 125:103848. [PMID: 36948232 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2023.103848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes are key players in neuroinflammation. In response to central nervous system (CNS) injury or disease, astrocytes undergo reactive astrogliosis, which is characterized by increased proliferation, migration, and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression. Activation of the transcription factor nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and upregulation of downstream proinflammatory mediators in reactive astrocytes induce a proinflammatory phenotype in astrocytes, thereby exacerbating neuroinflammation by establishing an inflammatory loop. In this study, we hypothesized that excessive fibronectin (FN) derived from reactive astrocytes would induce this proinflammatory phenotype in astrocytes in an autocrine manner. We exogenously treated astrocytes with monomer FN, which can be incorporated into the extracellular matrix (ECM), to mimic plasma FN extravasated through a compromised blood-brain barrier in neuroinflammation. We also induced de novo synthesis and accumulation of astrocyte-derived FN through tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) stimulation. The excessive FN deposition resulting from both treatments initiated reactive astrogliosis and triggered NF-κB signaling in the cultured astrocytes. In addition, inhibition of FN accumulation in the ECM by the FN inhibitor pUR4 strongly attenuated the FN- and TNF-α-induced GFAP expression, NF-κB activation, and proinflammatory mediator production of astrocytes by interrupting FN-β1 integrin coupling and thus the inflammatory loop. In an in vivo experiment, intrathecal injection of pUR4 considerably ameliorated FN deposition, GFAP expression, and NF-κB activation in inflamed spinal cord, suggesting the therapeutic potential of pUR4 for attenuating neuroinflammation and promoting neuronal function restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pao-Hsien Chu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Institute of Stem Cell and Translational Cancer Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Chi Chen
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yung Chen
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Graduate Institute of Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Bei Wu
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ting Huang
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hou-Yu Chiang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan; Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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Pham HL, Yang DH, Chae WR, Jung JH, Hoang TX, Lee NY, Kim JY. PDMS Micropatterns Coated with PDA and RGD Induce a Regulatory Macrophage-like Phenotype. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:673. [PMID: 36985080 PMCID: PMC10052727 DOI: 10.3390/mi14030673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Regulatory macrophages (Mreg) are a special cell type that present a potential therapeutic strategy for various inflammatory diseases. In vitro, Mreg generation mainly takes 7-10 days of treatment with chemicals, including cytokines. In the present study, we established a new approach for Mreg generation using a three-dimensional (3D) micropatterned polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) surface coated with a natural biopolymer adhesive polydopamine (PDA) and the common cell adhesion peptide motif arginylglycylaspartic acid (RGD). The 3D PDMS surfaces were fabricated by photolithography and soft lithography techniques and were subsequently coated with an RGD+PDA mixture to form a surface that facilitates cell adhesion. Human monocytes (THP-1 cells) were cultured on different types of 2D or 3D micropatterns for four days, and the cell morphology, elongation, and Mreg marker expression were assessed using microscopic and flow cytometric analyses. The cells grown on the PDA+RGD-coated 3D micropatterns (20-µm width/20-µm space) exhibited the most elongated morphology and strongest expression levels of Mreg markers, such as CD163, CD206, CD209, CD274, MER-TK, TREM2, and DHRS9. The present study demonstrated that PDA+RGD-coated 3D PDMS micropatterns successfully induced Mreg-like cells from THP-1 cells within four days without the use of cytokines, suggesting a time- and cost-effective method to generate Mreg-like cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoang Lan Pham
- Department of Life Science, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Da Hyun Yang
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Ri Chae
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hyeok Jung
- Department of Life Science, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Thi Xoan Hoang
- Department of Life Science, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Nae Yoon Lee
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Young Kim
- Department of Life Science, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea
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Composite Fibrin and Carbon Microfibre Implant to Modulate Postraumatic Inflammation after Spinal Cord Injury. Cells 2023; 12:cells12060839. [PMID: 36980180 PMCID: PMC10047285 DOI: 10.3390/cells12060839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Poor functional recovery after spinal cord injury (SCI) drives the development of novel strategies to manage this devastating condition. We recently showed promising immunomodulatory and pro-regenerative actions of bio-functionalized carbon microfibres (MFs) implanted in a rodent model of SCI. In order to maximize tissue repair while easing MF implantation, we produced a composite implant based on the embedding of several MFs within a fibrin hydrogel. We used intravital imaging of fluorescent reporter mice at the early stages and spinal sections of the same animals 3 months later to characterize the neuroinflammatory response to the implant and its impact on axonal regeneration. Whereas fibrin alone was inert in the first week, its enzymatic degradation drove the chronic activation of microglial cells and axonal degeneration within 3 months. However, the presence of MFs inside the fibrin hydrogel slowed down fibrin degradation and boosted the early recruitment of immune cells. Noteworthy, there was an enhanced contribution of monocyte-derived dendritic cells (moDCs), preceding a faster transition toward an anti-inflammatory environment with increased axonal regeneration over 3 months. The inclusion of MF here ensured the long-term biocompatibility of fibrin hydrogels, which would otherwise preclude successful spinal cord regeneration.
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Towards using 3D cellular cultures to model the activation and diverse functions of macrophages. Biochem Soc Trans 2023; 51:387-401. [PMID: 36744644 PMCID: PMC9987999 DOI: 10.1042/bst20221008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The advent of 3D cell culture technology promises to enhance understanding of cell biology within tissue microenvironments. Whilst traditional cell culturing methods have been a reliable tool for decades, they inadequately portray the complex environments in which cells inhabit in vivo. The need for better disease models has pushed the development of effective 3D cell models, providing more accurate drug screening assays. There has been great progress in developing 3D tissue models in fields such as cancer research and regenerative medicine, driven by desires to recreate the tumour microenvironment for the discovery of new chemotherapies, or development of artificial tissues or scaffolds for transplantation. Immunology is one field that lacks optimised 3D models and the biology of tissue resident immune cells such as macrophages has yet to be fully explored. This review aims to highlight the benefits of 3D cell culturing for greater understanding of macrophage biology. We review current knowledge of macrophage interactions with their tissue microenvironment and highlight the potential of 3D macrophage models in the development of more effective treatments for disease.
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Expression of O-glycosylated oncofetal fibronectin in alternatively activated human macrophages. Immunol Res 2023; 71:92-104. [PMID: 36197587 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-022-09321-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Macrophage (Mϕ) polarization is an essential phenomenon for the maintenance of homeostasis and tissue repair, and represents the event by which Mϕ reach divergent functional phenotypes as a result to specific stimuli and/or microenvironmental signals. Mϕ can be polarized into two main phenotypes, M1 or classically activated and M2 or alternatively activated. These two categories diverge in many aspects, such as secreted cytokines, markers of cell surface, and biological functions. Over the last 10 years, many potential markers have been proposed for both M1 and M2 human Mϕ. However, there is scarce information regarding the glycophenotype adopted by these cells. Here, we show that M2- but not M1-polarized Mϕ expresses high levels of an unusual glycoform of fibronectin (FN), named O-glycosylated oncofetal FN (onf-FN), found in fetal/cancer cells, but not in healthy tissues. The onf-FN expression was confirmed in vitro by Western blot and real-time RT-qPCR in primary and cell line monocyte-derived Mϕ. onf-FN was induced by IL-4 and IL-13, but not by pro-inflammatory stimuli (LPS and INF-γ). RNA and protein analysis clearly demonstrated that it is specifically associated with the M2 polarization. In conclusion, we show by the first time that O-glycosylated onf-FN is expressed by M2-polarized Mϕ.
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Lin R, Yu J. The role of NAD + metabolism in macrophages in age-related macular degeneration. Mech Ageing Dev 2023; 209:111755. [PMID: 36435209 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2022.111755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of legal blindness and moderate and severe vision impairment (MSVI) in people older than 50 years. It is classified in various stages including early, intermediate, and late stage. In the early stages, innate immune system, especially macrophages, play an essential part in disease onset and progression. NAD+ is an essential coenzyme involved in cellular senescence and immune cell function, and its role in age-related diseases is gaining increasing attention. The imbalance between the NAD+ synthesis and consumption causes the fluctuation of intracellular NAD+ level which determines the polarization fate of macrophages. In AMD, the over-expression of NAD+-consuming enzymes in macrophages leads to declining of NAD+ concentrations in the microenvironment. This phenomenon triggers the activation of inflammatory pathways in macrophages, positive feedback aggregation of inflammatory cells and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). This review details the role of NAD+ metabolism in macrophages and molecular mechanisms during AMD. The selected pathways were identified as potential targets for intervention in AMD, pending further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoyi Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Jing Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China; Department of Ophthalmology, Bengbu Third People's Hospital, Bengbu, Anhui 233099, China.
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11
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Chen M, Zhang H, Chu YH, Tang Y, Pang XW, Qin C, Tian DS. Microglial autophagy in cerebrovascular diseases. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:1023679. [PMID: 36275005 PMCID: PMC9582432 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.1023679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia are considered core regulators for monitoring homeostasis in the brain and primary responders to central nervous system (CNS) injuries. Autophagy affects the innate immune functions of microglia. Recently some evidence suggests that microglial autophagy is closely associated with brain function in both ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke. Herein, we will discuss the interaction between autophagy and other biological processes in microglia under physiological and pathological conditions and highlight the interaction between microglial metabolism and autophagy. In the end, we focus on the effect of microglial autophagy in cerebrovascular diseases.
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Pintér P, Alpár A. The Role of Extracellular Matrix in Human Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911085. [PMID: 36232390 PMCID: PMC9569603 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The dense neuropil of the central nervous system leaves only limited space for extracellular substances free. The advent of immunohistochemistry, soon followed by advanced diagnostic tools, enabled us to explore the biochemical heterogeneity and compartmentalization of the brain extracellular matrix in exploratory and clinical research alike. The composition of the extracellular matrix is critical to shape neuronal function; changes in its assembly trigger or reflect brain/spinal cord malfunction. In this study, we focus on extracellular matrix changes in neurodegenerative disorders. We summarize its phenotypic appearance and biochemical characteristics, as well as the major enzymes which regulate and remodel matrix establishment in disease. The specifically built basement membrane of the central nervous system, perineuronal nets and perisynaptic axonal coats can protect neurons from toxic agents, and biochemical analysis revealed how the individual glycosaminoglycan and proteoglycan components interact with these molecules. Depending on the site, type and progress of the disease, select matrix components can either proactively trigger the formation of disease-specific harmful products, or reactively accumulate, likely to reduce tissue breakdown and neuronal loss. We review the diagnostic use and the increasing importance of medical screening of extracellular matrix components, especially enzymes, which informs us about disease status and, better yet, allows us to forecast illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panka Pintér
- Department of Anatomy, Semmelweis University, 1113 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Alán Alpár
- Department of Anatomy, Semmelweis University, 1113 Budapest, Hungary
- SE NAP Research Group of Experimental Neuroanatomy and Developmental Biology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 1051 Budapest, Hungary
- Correspondence:
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van Schaik PEM, Zuhorn IS, Baron W. Targeting Fibronectin to Overcome Remyelination Failure in Multiple Sclerosis: The Need for Brain- and Lesion-Targeted Drug Delivery. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158418. [PMID: 35955549 PMCID: PMC9368816 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative disease with unknown etiology that can be characterized by the presence of demyelinated lesions. Prevailing treatment protocols in MS rely on the modulation of the inflammatory process but do not impact disease progression. Remyelination is an essential factor for both axonal survival and functional neurological recovery but is often insufficient. The extracellular matrix protein fibronectin contributes to the inhibitory environment created in MS lesions and likely plays a causative role in remyelination failure. The presence of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) hinders the delivery of remyelination therapeutics to lesions. Therefore, therapeutic interventions to normalize the pathogenic MS lesion environment need to be able to cross the BBB. In this review, we outline the multifaceted roles of fibronectin in MS pathogenesis and discuss promising therapeutic targets and agents to overcome fibronectin-mediated inhibition of remyelination. In addition, to pave the way for clinical use, we reflect on opportunities to deliver MS therapeutics to lesions through the utilization of nanomedicine and discuss strategies to deliver fibronectin-directed therapeutics across the BBB. The use of well-designed nanocarriers with appropriate surface functionalization to cross the BBB and target the lesion sites is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline E. M. van Schaik
- Section Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Inge S. Zuhorn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: (I.S.Z.); (W.B.); Tel.: +31-50-3616178 (I.S.Z.); +31-503611652 (W.B.); Fax: +31-503616190 (W.B.)
| | - Wia Baron
- Section Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands;
- Correspondence: (I.S.Z.); (W.B.); Tel.: +31-50-3616178 (I.S.Z.); +31-503611652 (W.B.); Fax: +31-503616190 (W.B.)
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14
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Kim Y, Koo TM, Thangam R, Kim MS, Jang WY, Kang N, Min S, Kim SY, Yang L, Hong H, Jung HJ, Koh EK, Patel KD, Lee S, Fu HE, Jeon YS, Park BC, Kim SY, Park S, Lee J, Gu L, Kim DH, Kim TH, Lee KB, Jeong WK, Paulmurugan R, Kim YK, Kang H. Submolecular Ligand Size and Spacing for Cell Adhesion. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2110340. [PMID: 35476306 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202110340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cell adhesion occurs when integrin recognizes and binds to Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) ligands present in fibronectin. In this work, submolecular ligand size and spacing are tuned via template-mediated in situ growth of nanoparticles for dynamic macrophage modulation. To tune liganded gold nanoparticle (GNP) size and spacing from 3 to 20 nm, in situ localized assemblies of GNP arrays on nanomagnetite templates are engineered. 3 nm-spaced ligands stimulate the binding of integrin, which mediates macrophage-adhesion-assisted pro-regenerative polarization as compared to 20 nm-spaced ligands, which can be dynamically anchored to the substrate for stabilizing integrin binding and facilitating dynamic macrophage adhesion. Increasing the ligand size from 7 to 20 nm only slightly promotes macrophage adhesion, not observed with 13 nm-sized ligands. Increasing the ligand spacing from 3 to 17 nm significantly hinders macrophage adhesion that induces inflammatory polarization. Submolecular tuning of ligand spacing can dominantly modulate host macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Thomas Myeongseok Koo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Ramar Thangam
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- Institute for High Technology Materials and Devices, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeong Soo Kim
- Institute for High Technology Materials and Devices, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Young Jang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Nayeon Kang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunhong Min
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Yeol Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Letao Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Hyunsik Hong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Joon Jung
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- NUANCE Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Eui Kwan Koh
- Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, 145 Anam-Ro, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Kapil D Patel
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- Institute for High Technology Materials and Devices, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungkyu Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong En Fu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo Sang Jeon
- Institute of Engineering Research, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Bum Chul Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Young Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- Institute for High Technology Materials and Devices, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Steve Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Junmin Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Luo Gu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Dong-Hyun Kim
- Department of Radiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Tae-Hyung Kim
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Bum Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Woong Kyo Jeong
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Ramasamy Paulmurugan
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
- Department of Radiology, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Young Keun Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Heemin Kang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomicrosystem Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Green Manufacturing Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
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15
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Laminin as a Biomarker of Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption under Neuroinflammation: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126788. [PMID: 35743229 PMCID: PMC9224176 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Laminin, a non-collagenous glycoprotein present in the brain extracellular matrix, helps to maintain blood–brain barrier (BBB) integrity and regulation. Neuroinflammation can compromise laminin structure and function, increasing BBB permeability. The aim of this paper is to determine if neuroinflammation-induced laminin functional changes may serve as a potential biomarker of alterations in the BBB. The 38 publications included evaluated neuroinflammation, BBB disruption, and laminin, and were assessed for quality and risk of bias (protocol registered in PROSPERO; CRD42020212547). We found that laminin may be a good indicator of BBB overall structural integrity, although changes in expression are dependent on the pathologic or experimental model used. In ischemic stroke, permanent vascular damage correlates with increased laminin expression (β and γ subunits), while transient damage correlates with reduced laminin expression (α subunits). Laminin was reduced in traumatic brain injury and cerebral hemorrhage studies but increased in multiple sclerosis and status epilepticus studies. Despite these observations, there is limited knowledge about the role played by different subunits or isoforms (such as 411 or 511) of laminin in maintaining structural architecture of the BBB under neuroinflammation. Further studies may clarify this aspect and the possibility of using laminin as a biomarker in different pathologies, which have alterations in BBB function in common.
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Yuan X, Wu Y, Lin J, Weng Q, Wu L, Yang S, Li X, Tan M, Lin Z, Lian X, Chen Y. Plasma fibronectin can affect the cytokine profile and monocytes/macrophages function in addition to predicting the prognosis of advanced sepsis. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22179. [PMID: 35182399 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100760rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The value of plasma fibronectin (pFN) in the diagnosis and prognosis of sepsis has not been fully established. Previous studies finding that pFN is significantly reduced in sepsis, however, whether reduced pFn affects the prognosis of sepsis has not been clarified. Here, we detected and analyzed pFN and other conventional inflammatory markers in advanced sepsis patients and performed correlation analysis with SOFA score. We also used Fn gene conditional knockout mice which were performed by cecum ligation and puncture (CLP) to investigate the effect of FN deficiency on sepsis prognosis. We found, compared with procalcitonin, c-reactive protein, and interleukin-6, pFN was more correlated with SOFA score in advanced sepsis patients (r -.720, p < .001). In animal experiments, Fn gene knockout mice showed significantly greater mortality after CLP compared with the control group because of inhibited phagocytosis and bacterial clearance ability of macrophages, with double cytokine storm. Furthermore, FN can regulate macrophages through the integrin α5β1/Fak/Src signaling pathway. Overall, we found pFN can more accurately reflect the severity and prognosis of advanced sepsis. The absence of FN altered the cytokine storm and phagocytic function of macrophages, suggesting that FN could be a potential therapeutic target in sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Yuan
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory on Hematology, Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yong Wu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory on Hematology, Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jia Lin
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory on Hematology, Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qinyong Weng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Linqing Wu
- Department of Immunology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shu Yang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory on Hematology, Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xin Li
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory on Hematology, Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ming Tan
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory on Hematology, Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhenxing Lin
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory on Hematology, Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaolan Lian
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory on Hematology, Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yuanzhong Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory on Hematology, Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
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17
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Singh N, Arora N. Diesel exhaust exposure in mice induces pulmonary fibrosis by TGF-β/Smad3 signaling pathway. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 807:150623. [PMID: 34610407 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological studies suggest increased risk of lung cancer associated with diesel exhaust (DE) exposure. However, DE-induced lung fibrosis may lead to cancer and needs investigation. OBJECTIVES To study the mechanism involved in the initiation of DE- induced lung fibrosis. METHODS C57BL/6 mice were exposed to DE for 30 min/day for 5 days/weeks for 8 weeks. Pulmonary function test was performed to measure lung function. Mice were euthanized to collect BALF, blood, and lung tissue. BALF was used for cell count and cytokine analysis. Lung tissue slides were stained to examine structural integrity. RNA from lung tissue was used for RT-PCR. Immunoblots were performed to study fibrosis and EMT pathway. RESULTS Mice exposed to DE increase lung resistance and tissue elastance with decrease in inspiratory capacity (p < 0.05) suggesting lung function impairment. BALF showed significantly increased macrophages, neutrophils and monocytes (p < 0.01). Additionally, there was an increase in inflammation and alveolar wall thickening in lungs (p < 0.01) correlates with cellular infiltration. Macrophages had black soot deposition in lung tissue of DE exposed mice. Lung section staining revealed increase in mucus producing goblet cells for clearance of soot in lung. DE exposed lung showed increased collagen deposition and hydroxyproline residue (p < 0.01). Repetitive exposure of DE in mice lead to tissue remodeling in lung, demonstrated by fibrotic foci and smooth muscles. A significant increase in α-SMA and fibronectin (p < 0.05) in lung indicate progression of pulmonary fibrosis. TGF-β/Smad3 signaling was activated with increase in P-smad3 expression in DE exposed mice. Decreased expression of E-cadherin and increased vimentin (p < 0.05) in lungs of DE exposed mice indicate epithelial to mesenchymal transition. CONCLUSION DE exposure to mice induced lung injury and pulmonary fibrosis thereby remodeling tissue. The study demonstrates TGF-β/SMAD3 pathway involvement with an activation of EMT in DE exposed mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naresh Singh
- Allergy and Immunology Section, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi 110007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Naveen Arora
- Allergy and Immunology Section, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi 110007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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18
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Dervan A, Franchi A, Almeida-Gonzalez FR, Dowling JK, Kwakyi OB, McCoy CE, O’Brien FJ, Hibbitts A. Biomaterial and Therapeutic Approaches for the Manipulation of Macrophage Phenotype in Peripheral and Central Nerve Repair. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:2161. [PMID: 34959446 PMCID: PMC8706646 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13122161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Injury to the peripheral or central nervous systems often results in extensive loss of motor and sensory function that can greatly diminish quality of life. In both cases, macrophage infiltration into the injury site plays an integral role in the host tissue inflammatory response. In particular, the temporally related transition of macrophage phenotype between the M1/M2 inflammatory/repair states is critical for successful tissue repair. In recent years, biomaterial implants have emerged as a novel approach to bridge lesion sites and provide a growth-inductive environment for regenerating axons. This has more recently seen these two areas of research increasingly intersecting in the creation of 'immune-modulatory' biomaterials. These synthetic or naturally derived materials are fabricated to drive macrophages towards a pro-repair phenotype. This review considers the macrophage-mediated inflammatory events that occur following nervous tissue injury and outlines the latest developments in biomaterial-based strategies to influence macrophage phenotype and enhance repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Dervan
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland; (A.D.); (A.F.); (F.R.A.-G.); (F.J.O.)
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity College Dublin, D02 R590 Dublin, Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Trinity College Dublin, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Antonio Franchi
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland; (A.D.); (A.F.); (F.R.A.-G.); (F.J.O.)
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity College Dublin, D02 R590 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Francisco R. Almeida-Gonzalez
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland; (A.D.); (A.F.); (F.R.A.-G.); (F.J.O.)
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity College Dublin, D02 R590 Dublin, Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Trinity College Dublin, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jennifer K. Dowling
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland; (J.K.D.); (O.B.K.); (C.E.M.)
- FutureNeuro SFI Research Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ohemaa B. Kwakyi
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland; (J.K.D.); (O.B.K.); (C.E.M.)
- School of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Claire E. McCoy
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland; (J.K.D.); (O.B.K.); (C.E.M.)
- FutureNeuro SFI Research Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Fergal J. O’Brien
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland; (A.D.); (A.F.); (F.R.A.-G.); (F.J.O.)
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity College Dublin, D02 R590 Dublin, Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Trinity College Dublin, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Alan Hibbitts
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland; (A.D.); (A.F.); (F.R.A.-G.); (F.J.O.)
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity College Dublin, D02 R590 Dublin, Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Trinity College Dublin, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland
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19
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Wang YJ, Downey MA, Choi S, Shoup TM, Elmaleh DR. Cromolyn platform suppresses fibrosis and inflammation, promotes microglial phagocytosis and neurite outgrowth. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22161. [PMID: 34772945 PMCID: PMC8589953 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00465-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by chronic neuroinflammation and may perpetuate ongoing fibrotic reactions within the central nervous system. Unfortunately, there is no therapeutic available that treats neurodegenerative inflammation and its sequelae. Here we utilize cromolyn, a mast cell inhibitor with anti-inflammatory capabilities, and its fluorinated analogue F-cromolyn to study fibrosis-related protein regulation and secretion downstream of neuroinflammation and their ability to promote microglial phagocytosis and neurite outgrowth. In this report, RNA-seq analysis shows that administration of the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α to HMC3 human microglia results in a robust upregulation of fibrosis-associated genes. Subsequent treatment with cromolyn and F-cromolyn resulted in reduced secretion of collagen XVIII, fibronectin, and tenascin-c. Additionally, we show that cromolyn and F-cromolyn reduce pro-inflammatory proteins PLP1, PELP1, HSP90, IL-2, GRO-α, Eotaxin, and VEGF-Α, while promoting secretion of anti-inflammatory IL-4 in HMC3 microglia. Furthermore, cromolyn and F-cromolyn augment neurite outgrowth in PC12 neuronal cells in concert with nerve growth factor. Treatment also differentially altered secretion of neurogenesis-related proteins TTL, PROX1, Rab35, and CSDE1 in HMC3 microglia. Finally, iPSC-derived human microglia more readily phagocytose Aβ42 with cromolyn and F-cromolyn relative to controls. We propose the cromolyn platform targets multiple proteins upstream of PI3K/Akt/mTOR, NF-κB, and GSK-3β signaling pathways to affect cytokine, chemokine, and fibrosis-related protein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sungwoon Choi
- Department of New Drug Discovery, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Timothy M Shoup
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02129-2060, USA
| | - David R Elmaleh
- AZTherapies, Inc., Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02129-2060, USA.
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20
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Li Z, Bratlie KM. Macrophage Phenotypic Changes on FN-Coated Physical Gradient Hydrogels. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:6758-6768. [PMID: 35006977 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The chemical and physical properties are two crucial cues when designing tissue engineering scaffold to mimic living tissue. Macrophages, the major players in the immune response, react rapidly to microenvironmental signals, including gradients of physical or chemical cues. Spatiotemporal gradients can modulate cell behavior, such as polarization, proliferation, and adhesion. Here, we studied macrophage phenotypic changes on untreated and fibronectin (FN)-coated methacrylated gellan gum with varying stiffnesses. The compressive moduli of hydrogel with different stiffnesses ranged from ∼5 to 30 kPa. Fibronectin was chemically attached to the substrate to facilitate macrophage proliferation, adhesion, and polarization. Classically (M1) and alternatively (M2) activated macrophages were cultured on both untreated and FN-coated gels. FN-coated substrates elevated cell numbers and enhanced macrophage spreading. The urea/nitrite ratio indicated that untreated rigid substrates shifted both polarizations toward a more proinflammatory phenotype. FN-coated substrates had no impact on M1 polarization. In contrast, FN-coated stiffer gels polarized M2 cells toward an anti-proinflammatory state based on arginine activity and CD206 expression. In addition, macrophage polarization on the softer gel was not influenced by the neighboring cells cultured on the stiffer side of the gel. Using mechanical gradients to control macrophage polarization can be a useful tool in ensuring a proper healing response and for tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuqing Li
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Kaitlin M Bratlie
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States.,Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
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21
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Fix DK, Ekiz HA, Petrocelli JJ, Mckenzie AM, Mahmassani ZS, O'Connell RM, Drummond MJ. Disrupted macrophage metabolic reprogramming in aged soleus muscle during early recovery following disuse atrophy. Aging Cell 2021; 20:e13448. [PMID: 34365717 PMCID: PMC8441489 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aged skeletal muscle is characterized by poor muscle recovery following disuse coinciding with an impaired muscle pro-inflammatory macrophage response. Macrophage inflammatory status is regulated by its metabolic state, but little is understood of macrophage metabolism and its relation to macrophage inflammation in the context of muscle recovery and aging. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to thoroughly characterize macrophage metabolism and inflammation in aged muscle during early recovery following disuse atrophy using single cell transcriptomics and functional assays. Young (4-5 months) and old (20-22 months) male C57BL/6 mice underwent 14 days of hindlimb unloading followed by 4 days of ambulatory recovery. CD45+ cells were isolated from solei muscles and analyzed using 10x Genomics single cell RNA sequencing. We found that aged pro-inflammatory macrophage clusters were characterized with an impaired inflammatory and glycolytic transcriptome, and this dysregulation was accompanied by a suppression of HIF-1α and its immediate downstream target, Glut1. As a follow-up, bone marrow-derived macrophages were isolated from a separate cohort of young and old mice at 4-d recovery and were polarized to a pro-inflammatory phenotype and used for glycolysis stress test, phagocytosis activity assay, and targeted GC-MS metabolomics. Aged bone marrow-derived pro-inflammatory macrophages were characterized with impaired glycolysis and phagocytosis function, decreased succinate and an accumulation of glycolytic metabolic intermediates overall supporting reduced glycolytic flux and macrophage function. Our results indicate that the metabolic reprograming and function of aged skeletal muscle pro-inflammatory macrophages are dysfunctional during early recovery from disuse atrophy possibly attributing to attenuated regrowth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis K. Fix
- Molecular Medicine ProgramDepartment of Integrative Physiology and NutritionDepartment of Physical Therapy and Athletic TrainingUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
| | - H. Atakan Ekiz
- Department of PathologyDivision of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
| | - Jonathan J. Petrocelli
- Molecular Medicine ProgramDepartment of Integrative Physiology and NutritionDepartment of Physical Therapy and Athletic TrainingUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
| | - Alec M. Mckenzie
- Molecular Medicine ProgramDepartment of Integrative Physiology and NutritionDepartment of Physical Therapy and Athletic TrainingUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
| | - Ziad S. Mahmassani
- Molecular Medicine ProgramDepartment of Integrative Physiology and NutritionDepartment of Physical Therapy and Athletic TrainingUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
| | - Ryan M. O'Connell
- Department of PathologyDivision of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
| | - Micah J. Drummond
- Molecular Medicine ProgramDepartment of Integrative Physiology and NutritionDepartment of Physical Therapy and Athletic TrainingUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
- Department of PathologyDivision of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
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22
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Israel-Elgali I, Hertzberg L, Shapira G, Segev A, Krieger I, Nitzan U, Bloch Y, Pillar N, Mayer O, Weizman A, Gurwitz D, Shomron N. Blood transcriptional response to treatment-resistant depression during electroconvulsive therapy. J Psychiatr Res 2021; 141:92-103. [PMID: 34182381 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are currently the first-line antidepressant drug treatment for major depressive disorder (MDD). Treatment-resistant depression (TRD), defined as failure to achieve remission despite adequate treatment, affects ~30% of persons with MDD. The current recommended treatment for TRD is electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), while ketamine is an experimentally suggested treatment. This study aimed to elucidate the transcriptional differences in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) between individuals with TRD and a control group without a psychiatric illness; and between patients with TRD, treated with either standard antidepressant drugs alone, or in combination with ECT or ketamine. Additionally, PBMC transcriptomics were compared between treatment responders, following completion of their treatment protocols. Total RNA was extracted from PBMC of the TRD group at two time points, and RNA and miRNA expression were profiled. Multiple mRNAs and miRNAs were found to be modified, with two protein coding genes, FKBP5 and ITGA2B, which are up- and downregulated, respectively; and several miRNAs have shown changes following successful ECT treatment. Further analysis demonstrated the direct functional regulation of ITGA2B by miR-24-3p. Our findings suggest that PBMC expression levels of FKBP5, ITGA2B, and miR-24-3p should be further explored as tentative ECT response biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ifat Israel-Elgali
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Libi Hertzberg
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Shalvata Mental Health Center, Hod Hasharon, Israel; Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Guy Shapira
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Aviv Segev
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Shalvata Mental Health Center, Hod Hasharon, Israel
| | - Israel Krieger
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Shalvata Mental Health Center, Hod Hasharon, Israel
| | - Uri Nitzan
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Shalvata Mental Health Center, Hod Hasharon, Israel
| | - Yuval Bloch
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Shalvata Mental Health Center, Hod Hasharon, Israel
| | - Nir Pillar
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ori Mayer
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Abraham Weizman
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Geha Mental Health Center, Petah Tiqva, Israel
| | - David Gurwitz
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Noam Shomron
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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Ghorbani S, Yong VW. The extracellular matrix as modifier of neuroinflammation and remyelination in multiple sclerosis. Brain 2021; 144:1958-1973. [PMID: 33889940 PMCID: PMC8370400 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awab059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Remyelination failure contributes to axonal loss and progression of disability in multiple sclerosis. The failed repair process could be due to ongoing toxic neuroinflammation and to an inhibitory lesion microenvironment that prevents recruitment and/or differentiation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells into myelin-forming oligodendrocytes. The extracellular matrix molecules deposited into lesions provide both an altered microenvironment that inhibits oligodendrocyte progenitor cells, and a fuel that exacerbates inflammatory responses within lesions. In this review, we discuss the extracellular matrix and where its molecules are normally distributed in an uninjured adult brain, specifically at the basement membranes of cerebral vessels, in perineuronal nets that surround the soma of certain populations of neurons, and in interstitial matrix between neural cells. We then highlight the deposition of different extracellular matrix members in multiple sclerosis lesions, including chondroitin sulphate proteoglycans, collagens, laminins, fibronectin, fibrinogen, thrombospondin and others. We consider reasons behind changes in extracellular matrix components in multiple sclerosis lesions, mainly due to deposition by cells such as reactive astrocytes and microglia/macrophages. We next discuss the consequences of an altered extracellular matrix in multiple sclerosis lesions. Besides impairing oligodendrocyte recruitment, many of the extracellular matrix components elevated in multiple sclerosis lesions are pro-inflammatory and they enhance inflammatory processes through several mechanisms. However, molecules such as thrombospondin-1 may counter inflammatory processes, and laminins appear to favour repair. Overall, we emphasize the crosstalk between the extracellular matrix, immune responses and remyelination in modulating lesions for recovery or worsening. Finally, we review potential therapeutic approaches to target extracellular matrix components to reduce detrimental neuroinflammation and to promote recruitment and maturation of oligodendrocyte lineage cells to enhance remyelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Ghorbani
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute and the Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - V Wee Yong
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute and the Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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24
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Vargas-Sanchez K, Losada-Barragán M, Mogilevskaya M, Novoa-Herrán S, Medina Y, Buendía-Atencio C, Lorett-Velásquez V, Martínez-Bernal J, Gonzalez-Reyes RE, Ramírez D, Petry KG. Screening for Interacting Proteins with Peptide Biomarker of Blood-Brain Barrier Alteration under Inflammatory Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094725. [PMID: 33946948 PMCID: PMC8124558 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by increased permeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) due to alterations in cellular and structural components of the neurovascular unit, particularly in association with neuroinflammation. A previous screening study of peptide ligands to identify molecular alterations of the BBB in neuroinflammation by phage-display, revealed that phage clone 88 presented specific binding affinity to endothelial cells under inflammatory conditions in vivo and in vitro. Here, we aimed to identify the possible target receptor of the peptide ligand 88 expressed under inflammatory conditions. A cross-link test between phage-peptide-88 with IL-1β-stimulated human hCMEC cells, followed by mass spectrometry analysis, was used to identify the target of peptide-88. We modeled the epitope-receptor molecular interaction between peptide-88 and its target by using docking simulations. Three proteins were selected as potential target candidates and tested in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays with peptide-88: fibronectin, laminin subunit α5 and laminin subunit β-1. Among them, only laminin subunit β-1 presented measurable interaction with peptide-88. Peptide-88 showed specific interaction with laminin subunit β-1, highlighting its importance as a potential biomarker of the laminin changes that may occur at the BBB endothelial cells under pathological inflammation conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Vargas-Sanchez
- Grupo de Neurociencia Translacional, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá 111711, Colombia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +57-13102405706
| | - Monica Losada-Barragán
- Grupo de Biología Celular y Funcional e Ingeniería de Moléculas, Departamento de Biología, Universidad Antonio Nariño, Bogotá 110231, Colombia; (M.L.-B.); (Y.M.)
| | - Maria Mogilevskaya
- Grupo de Investigación GINIC-HUS, Universidad ECCI, Bogotá 111311, Colombia;
| | - Susana Novoa-Herrán
- Grupo de Investigación en Hormonas (Hormone Research Laboratory), Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá 111321, Colombia; or
- Grupo de Fisiología Molecular, Subdirección de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá 111321, Colombia
| | - Yehidi Medina
- Grupo de Biología Celular y Funcional e Ingeniería de Moléculas, Departamento de Biología, Universidad Antonio Nariño, Bogotá 110231, Colombia; (M.L.-B.); (Y.M.)
| | - Cristian Buendía-Atencio
- Grupo de Investigación en Modelado y Computación Científica, Departamento de Química, Universidad Antonio Nariño, Bogotá 110231, Colombia;
| | - Vaneza Lorett-Velásquez
- Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Militar Nueva Granada, Bogotá 110231, Colombia; (V.L.-V.); (J.M.-B.)
| | - Jessica Martínez-Bernal
- Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Militar Nueva Granada, Bogotá 110231, Colombia; (V.L.-V.); (J.M.-B.)
| | - Rodrigo E. Gonzalez-Reyes
- Grupo de Investigación en Neurociencias (NeURos), Centro de Neurociencia Neurovitae-UR, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá 111711, Colombia;
| | - David Ramírez
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, El llano Subercaseaux 2801, Santiago 8900000, Chile;
| | - Klaus G. Petry
- INSERM U1049 and U1029 Neuroinflammation and Angiogenesis Group, Bordeaux University, F33000 Bordeaux, France;
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Yoshizaki S, Tamaru T, Hara M, Kijima K, Tanaka M, Konno DJ, Matsumoto Y, Nakashima Y, Okada S. Microglial inflammation after chronic spinal cord injury is enhanced by reactive astrocytes via the fibronectin/β1 integrin pathway. J Neuroinflammation 2021; 18:12. [PMID: 33407620 PMCID: PMC7789752 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-02059-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND After spinal cord injury (SCI), glial scarring is mainly formed around the lesion and inhibits axon regeneration. Recently, we reported that anti-β1 integrin antibody (β1Ab) had a therapeutic effect on astrocytes by preventing the induction of glial scar formation. However, the cellular components within the glial scar are not only astrocytes but also microglia, and whether or not β1Ab treatment has any influence on microglia within the glial scar remains unclear. METHODS To evaluate the effects of β1Ab treatment on microglia within the glial scar after SCI, we applied thoracic contusion SCI to C57BL/6N mice, administered β1Ab in the sub-acute phase, and analyzed the injured spinal cords with immunohistochemistry in the chronic phase. To examine the gene expression in microglia and glial scars, we selectively collected microglia with fluorescence-activated cell sorting and isolated the glial scars using laser-captured microdissection (LMD). To examine the interaction between microglia and astrocytes within the glial scar, we stimulated BV-2 microglia with conditioned medium of reactive astrocytes (RACM) in vitro, and the gene expression of TNFα (pro-inflammatory M1 marker) was analyzed via quantitative polymerase chain reaction. We also isolated both naïve astrocytes (NAs) and reactive astrocytes (RAs) with LMD and examined their expression of the ligands for β1 integrin receptors. Statistical analyses were performed using Wilcoxon's rank-sum test. RESULTS After performing β1Ab treatment, the microglia were scattered within the glial scar and the expression of TNFα in both the microglia and the glial scar were significantly suppressed after SCI. This in vivo alteration was attributed to fibronectin, a ligand of β1 integrin receptors. Furthermore, the microglial expression of TNFα was shown to be regulated by RACM as well as fibronectin in vitro. We also confirmed that fibronectin was secreted by RAs both in vitro and in vivo. These results highlighted the interaction mediated by fibronectin between RAs and microglia within the glial scar. CONCLUSION Microglial inflammation was enhanced by RAs via the fibronectin/β1 integrin pathway within the glial scar after SCI. Our results suggested that β1Ab administration had therapeutic potential for ameliorating both glial scar formation and persistent neuroinflammation in the chronic phase after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Yoshizaki
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582 Japan
- Department of Neuroscience & Immunology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582 Japan
| | - Tetsuya Tamaru
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582 Japan
- Department of Neuroscience & Immunology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582 Japan
| | - Masamitsu Hara
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582 Japan
| | - Ken Kijima
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582 Japan
| | - Masatake Tanaka
- Department of Neuroscience & Immunology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582 Japan
| | - Dai-jiro Konno
- Department of Neuroscience & Immunology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582 Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Matsumoto
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582 Japan
| | - Yasuharu Nakashima
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582 Japan
| | - Seiji Okada
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582 Japan
- Department of Neuroscience & Immunology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582 Japan
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26
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Chen YF, Goodheart C, Rua D. The Body's Cellular and Molecular Response to Protein-Coated Medical Device Implants: A Review Focused on Fibronectin and BMP Proteins. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228853. [PMID: 33238458 PMCID: PMC7700595 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent years have seen a marked rise in implantation into the body of a great variety of devices: hip, knee, and shoulder replacements, pacemakers, meshes, glucose sensors, and many others. Cochlear and retinal implants are being developed to restore hearing and sight. After surgery to implant a device, adjacent cells interact with the implant and release molecular signals that result in attraction, infiltration of the tissue, and attachment to the implant of various cell types including monocytes, macrophages, and platelets. These cells release additional signaling molecules (chemokines and cytokines) that recruit tissue repair cells to the device site. Some implants fail and require additional revision surgery that is traumatic for the patient and expensive for the payer. This review examines the literature for evidence to support the possibility that fibronectins and BMPs could be coated on the implants as part of the manufacturing process so that the proteins could be released into the tissue surrounding the implant and improve the rate of successful implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Fan Chen
- Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA;
| | | | - Diego Rua
- Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA;
- Correspondence:
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27
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Chen M, Yang LL, Hu ZW, Qin C, Zhou LQ, Duan YL, Bosco DB, Wu LJ, Zhan KB, Xu SB, Tian DS. Deficiency of microglial Hv1 channel is associated with activation of autophagic pathway and ROS production in LPC-induced demyelination mouse model. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:333. [PMID: 33158440 PMCID: PMC7646080 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-02020-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated demyelinated disease of the central nervous system. Activation of microglia is involved in the pathogenesis of myelin loss. OBJECTIVE This study is focused on the role of Hv1 in regulating demyelination and microglial activation through reactive oxygen species (ROS) production after lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC)-mediated demyelination. We also explored autophagy in this process. METHODS A model of demyelination using two-point LPC injection into the corpus callosum was established. LFB staining, immunofluorescence, Western blot, and electron microscopy were used to study the severity of demyelination. Microglial phenotype and autophagy were detected by immunofluorescence and Western blot. Morris water maze was used to test spatial learning and memory ability. RESULTS We have identified that LPC-mediated myelin damage was reduced by Hv1 deficiency. Furthermore, we found that ROS and autophagy of microglia increased in the demyelination region, which was also inhibited by Hv1 knockout. CONCLUSION These results suggested that microglial Hv1 deficiency ameliorates demyelination through inhibition of ROS-mediated autophagy and microglial phenotypic transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Chen
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin-Lin Yang
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zi-Wei Hu
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuan Qin
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Luo-Qi Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Ling Duan
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Dale B Bosco
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Long-Jun Wu
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Ke-Bin Zhan
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Sha-Bei Xu
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
| | - Dai-Shi Tian
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
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28
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de Jong JM, Wang P, Oomkens M, Baron W. Remodeling of the interstitial extracellular matrix in white matter multiple sclerosis lesions: Implications for remyelination (failure). J Neurosci Res 2020; 98:1370-1397. [PMID: 31965607 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) provides protection, rigidity, and structure toward cells. It consists, among others, of a wide variety of glycoproteins and proteoglycans, which act together to produce a complex and dynamic environment, most relevant in transmembrane events. In the brain, the ECM occupies a notable proportion of its volume and maintains the homeostasis of central nervous system (CNS). In addition, remodeling of the ECM, that is transient changes in ECM proteins regulated by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), is an important process that modulates cell behavior upon injury, thereby facilitating recovery. Failure of ECM remodeling plays an important role in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS), a neurodegenerative demyelinating disease of the CNS with an inflammatory response against protective myelin sheaths that surround axons. Remyelination of denuded axons improves the neuropathological conditions of MS, but this regeneration process fails over time, leading to chronic disease progression. In this review, we uncover abnormal ECM remodeling in MS lesions by discussing ECM remodeling in experimental demyelination models, that is when remyelination is successful, and compare alterations in ECM components to the ECM composition and MMP expression in the parenchyma of demyelinated MS lesions, that is when remyelination fails. Inter- and intralesional differences in ECM remodeling in the distinct white matter MS lesions are discussed in terms of consequences for oligodendrocyte behavior and remyelination (failure). Hence, the review will aid to understand how abnormal ECM remodeling contributes to remyelination failure in MS lesions and assists in developing therapeutic strategies to promote remyelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jody M de Jong
- Section Molecular Neurobiology, Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Peng Wang
- Section Molecular Neurobiology, Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Michelle Oomkens
- Section Molecular Neurobiology, Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Wia Baron
- Section Molecular Neurobiology, Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
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TLR3 agonists induce fibronectin aggregation by activated astrocytes: a role of pro-inflammatory cytokines and fibronectin splice variants. Sci Rep 2020; 10:532. [PMID: 31953424 PMCID: PMC6969115 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-57069-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic demyelinating disease of the central nervous system which eventually results in axonal loss mainly due to failure of remyelination. Previously we have shown that the persistent presence of stable astrocyte-derived fibronectin aggregates in MS lesions impairs OPC differentiation, and thereby remyelination. Here we set out to discern whether and, if so, how inflammatory mediators as present in MS lesions trigger astrocytes to form fibronectin aggregates. Our findings revealed that in slice cultures only upon demyelination, the TLR3 agonist Poly(I:C) evoked astrocytes to form fibronectin aggregates. Consistently, pro-inflammatory cytokine-pretreated astrocytes were more susceptible to Poly(I:C)-induced fibronectin aggregation, indicating that astrocytes form fibronectin aggregates upon a double hit by inflammatory mediators. The underlying mechanism involves disrupted fibronectin fibrillogenesis at the cell surface as a result of a cytokine-induced increase in relative mRNA levels of EIIIApos-Fn over EIIIBpos-Fn and a Poly(I:C)-mediated decrease in integrin affinity. Remarkably, fibronectin aggregation is exacerbated by white matter astrocytes compared to grey matter astrocytes, which may be a reflection of higher expression levels of EIIIApos-fibronectin in white matter astrocytes. Hence, interfering with alternative fibronectin splicing and/or TLR3-mediated signaling may prevent fibronectin aggregation and overcome remyelination failure in MS lesions.
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