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Li M, Cheng J, He R, Chen K, Zhang J, Liu X, Hu J, Lu Y. Red light-induced localized release of carbon monoxide for alleviating postoperative cognitive dysfunction. Biomaterials 2025; 312:122744. [PMID: 39106820 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2024.122744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/09/2024]
Abstract
Inflammation within the central nervous system (CNS), which may be triggered by surgical trauma, has been implicated as a significant factor contributing to postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD). The relationship between mitigating inflammation at peripheral surgical sites and its potential to attenuate the CNS inflammatory response, thereby easing POCD symptoms, remains uncertain. Notably, carbon monoxide (CO), a gasotransmitter, exhibits pronounced anti-inflammatory effects. Herein, we have developed carbon monoxide-releasing micelles (CORMs), a nanoparticle that safely and locally liberates CO upon exposure to 650 nm light irradiation. In a POCD mouse model, treatment with CORMs activated by light (CORMs + hv) markedly reduced the concentrations of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in both the peripheral blood and the hippocampus, alongside a decrease in ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 in the hippocampal CA1 region. Furthermore, CORMs + hv treatment diminished Evans blue extravasation, augmented the expression of tight junction proteins zonula occludens-1 and occludin, enhanced neurocognitive functions, and fostered fracture healing. Bioinformatics analysis and experimental validation has identified Htr1b and Trhr as potential key regulators in the neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction signaling pathway implicated in POCD. This work offers new perspectives on the mechanisms driving POCD and avenues for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingde Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Jian Cheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Ruilin He
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Ke Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Jiqian Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Xuesheng Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Jinming Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
| | - Yao Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China; Ambulatory Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China.
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2
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Xie D, Ma Y, Gao C, Pan S. Piezo1 activation on microglial cells exacerbates demyelination in sepsis by influencing the CCL25/GRP78 pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 142:113045. [PMID: 39236454 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.113045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Revised: 08/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE), the activation of microglial cells and ensuing neuroinflammation are important in the underlying pathological mechanisms. Increasing evidence suggests that the protein Piezo1 functions as a significant regulator of neuroinflammation. However, the influence of Piezo1 on microglial cells in the context of SAE has not yet been determined. This study aims to investigate the role of Piezo1 in microglial cells in the context of SAE. METHODS By inducing cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), a mouse model of SAE was established, while the control group underwent a sham surgery in which the cecum was exposed without ligation and puncture. Piezo1 knockout mice were employed in this study. Morris water maze tests were conducted between Days 14 and 18 postop to assess both the motor activity and cognitive function. A proteomic analysis was conducted to assess the SAE-related pathways, whereas a Mendelian randomization analysis was conducted to identify the pathways associated with cognitive impairment. Dual-label immunofluorescence and flow cytometry were used to assess the secretion of inflammatory factors, microglial status, and oligodendrocyte development. Electron microscopy was used to evaluate axonal myelination. A western blot analysis was conducted to evaluate the influence of Piezo1 on oligodendrocyte ferroptosis. RESULTS The results of the bioinformatics analysis have revealed the significant involvement of CCL25 in the onset and progression of SAE-induced cognitive impairment. SAE leads to cognitive dysfunction by activating the microglial cells. The release of CCL25 by the activated microglia initiates the demyelination of oligodendrocytes in the hippocampus, resulting in ferroptosis and the disruption of hippocampal functional connectivity. Of note, the genetic knockout of the Piezo1 gene mitigates these changes. The treatment with siRNA targeting Piezo1 effectively reduces the secretion of inflammatory mediators CCL25 and IL-18 by inhibiting the p38 pathway, thus preventing the ferroptosis of oligodendrocytes through the modulation of the CCL25/GPR78 axis. CONCLUSION Piezo1 is involved in the activation of microglia and demyelinating oligodendrocytes in the animal models of SAE, resulting in cognitive impairment. Consequently, targeting Piezo1 suppression can be a promising approach for therapeutic interventions aimed at addressing cognitive dysfunction associated with SAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Xie
- Department of Emergency, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Yangpu District, 200092 Shanghai, China
| | - Yanli Ma
- Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Hongkou District, 200434 Shanghai, China
| | - Chengjin Gao
- Department of Emergency, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Yangpu District, 200092 Shanghai, China.
| | - Shuming Pan
- Department of Emergency, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Yangpu District, 200092 Shanghai, China; Department of Emergency, Putuo District Central Hospital, Affiliated with Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Putuo District, 200062 Shanghai, China.
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Kang H, Huang D, Zhang W, Wang J, Liu Z, Wang Z, Jiang G, Gao A. Inhaled polystyrene microplastics impaired lung function through pulmonary flora/TLR4-mediated iron homeostasis imbalance. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 946:174300. [PMID: 38936707 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 06/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) have been found in the air, human nasal cavity, and lung, suggesting that the respiratory tract is one of the important exposure routes for MPs. The lung is a direct target organ for injury from inhaled MPs, but data on lung injury from longer-term exposure to environmental doses of MPs are limited, and the mechanisms remain unclear. Here, C57BL/6 J mice were treated with 5 μm polystyrene (PS)-MPs by intratracheal instillation (0.6, 3, and 15 mg/kg) for 60 days to establish MPs exposure model. We found that PS-MPs lead to increased collagen fibers and decreased lung barrier permeability and lung function in lung tissue. Mechanistically, the abundance of gram-negative bacteria in the pulmonary flora increased after inhalation of PS-MPs, causing lipopolysaccharide (LPS) release. The expression of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), the key receptor of LPS, was increased, and ferroptosis occurred in lung tissue cells. Further in vitro intervention experiments were performed, pulmonary flora/TLR4-induced imbalance of lung iron homeostasis is an important mechanism of PS-MPs-induced lung injury. Our study provides new evidence for lung injury caused by environmental doses of MPs and strategies to prevent it through longer-term dynamic observation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiwen Kang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Danyang Huang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - JingYu Wang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Ziyan Liu
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Ziyan Wang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Guangyu Jiang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Ai Gao
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
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Yang D, Su J, Chen Y, Chen G. The NF-κB Pathway: Key Players in neurocognitive functions and related disorders. Eur J Pharmacol 2024:177038. [PMID: 39369877 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.177038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2024] [Revised: 10/03/2024] [Accepted: 10/04/2024] [Indexed: 10/08/2024]
Abstract
Perioperative neurocognitive disorder (PND) is a common complication of surgical anesthesia, yet its precise etiology remains unclear. Neuroinflammation is a key feature of PND, influenced by both patient -related and surgical variables. The nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) transcription factor family plays a critical role in regulating the body's immunological proinflammatory response, which is pivotal in the development of PND. Surgery and anesthesia trigger the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway, leading to the initiation of inflammatory cascades, disruption of the blood-brain barrier, and neuronal injury. Immune cells and glial cells are central to these pathological processes in PND. Furthermore, this study explores the interactions between NF-κB and various signaling molecules, including Tlr4, P2X, α7-nAChR, ROS, HIF-1α, PI3K/Ak, MicroRNA, Circular RNA, and histone deacetylases, within the context of PND. Targeting NF-κB as a therapeutic approach for PND shows promise as a potential treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danfeng Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Junwei Su
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Yeru Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.
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Che J, Sun Y, Deng Y, Zhang J. Blood-brain barrier disruption: a culprit of cognitive decline? Fluids Barriers CNS 2024; 21:63. [PMID: 39113115 PMCID: PMC11305076 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-024-00563-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Cognitive decline covers a broad spectrum of disorders, not only resulting from brain diseases but also from systemic diseases, which seriously influence the quality of life and life expectancy of patients. As a highly selective anatomical and functional interface between the brain and systemic circulation, the blood-brain barrier (BBB) plays a pivotal role in maintaining brain homeostasis and normal function. The pathogenesis underlying cognitive decline may vary, nevertheless, accumulating evidences support the role of BBB disruption as the most prevalent contributing factor. This may mainly be attributed to inflammation, metabolic dysfunction, cell senescence, oxidative/nitrosative stress and excitotoxicity. However, direct evidence showing that BBB disruption causes cognitive decline is scarce, and interestingly, manipulation of the BBB opening alone may exert beneficial or detrimental neurological effects. A broad overview of the present literature shows a close relationship between BBB disruption and cognitive decline, the risk factors of BBB disruption, as well as the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying BBB disruption. Additionally, we discussed the possible causes leading to cognitive decline by BBB disruption and potential therapeutic strategies to prevent BBB disruption or enhance BBB repair. This review aims to foster more investigations on early diagnosis, effective therapeutics, and rapid restoration against BBB disruption, which would yield better cognitive outcomes in patients with dysregulated BBB function, although their causative relationship has not yet been completely established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Che
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No.270 Dong'An Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Yinying Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No.270 Dong'An Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Yixu Deng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No.270 Dong'An Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No.270 Dong'An Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China.
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China.
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Li YN, Liang YP, Zhang JQ, Li N, Wei ZY, Rao Y, Chen JH, Jin YY. Dynamic A-to-I RNA editing during acute neuroinflammation in sepsis-associated encephalopathy. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1435185. [PMID: 39156629 PMCID: PMC11328407 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1435185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The activation of cerebral endothelial cells (CECs) has recently been reported to be the earliest acute neuroinflammation event in the CNS during sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE). Importantly, adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) RNA editing mediated by ADARs has been associated with SAE, yet its role in acute neuroinflammation in SAE remains unclear. Methods Our current study systematically analyzed A-to-I RNA editing in cerebral vessels, cerebral endothelial cells (CECs), and microglia sampled during acute neuroinflammation after treatment in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced SAE mouse model. Results Our results showed dynamic A-to-I RNA editing activity changes in cerebral vessels during acute neuroinflammation. Differential A-to-I RNA editing (DRE) associated with acute neuroinflammation were identified in these tissue or cells, especially missense editing events such as S367G in antizyme inhibitor 1 (Azin1) and editing events in lincRNAs such as maternally expressed gene 3 (Meg3), AW112010, and macrophage M2 polarization regulator (Mm2pr). Importantly, geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase 1 (Ggps1) and another three genes were differentially edited across cerebral vessels, CECs, and microglia. Notably, Spearman correlation analysis also revealed dramatic time-dependent DRE during acute neuroinflammation, especially in GTP cyclohydrolase1 (Gch1) and non-coding RNA activated by DNA damage (Norad), both with the editing level positively correlated with both post-LPS treatment time and edited gene expression in cerebral vessels and CECs. Discussion The findings in our current study demonstrate substantial A-to-I RNA editing changes during acute neuroinflammation in SAE, underlining its potential role in the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ning Li
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Ya-Ping Liang
- Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing-Qian Zhang
- Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Na Li
- Wuxi Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhi-Yuan Wei
- Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yijian Rao
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jian-Huan Chen
- Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yun-Yun Jin
- Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
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Zhu T, Yao Y, Ding J, Zhang C, Xia N, Tao Y, Zhang W, Qi H, Gong L, Jiang P. 3-Methyladenine attenuates neuroinflammation and improves cognitive function in sepsis-associated encephalopathy by inhibiting autophagy. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 139:112744. [PMID: 39059098 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) can lead to severe cerebral dysfunction as well as cognitive dysfunction, resulting in a significant disease burden. 3-Methyladenine (3-MA) has been confirmed to have anti-inflammatory effects on diseases characterized by enhanced autophagy. However, its role in SAE has not been clarified. METHODS An SAE mouse model was generated by intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Mice were given 5, 20, or 80 mg/kg 3-MA to determine the therapeutic dose. The mice in the different groups were given 20 mg/kg 3-MA or saline, and survival, body temperature, body weight and neurobehavioral scores were measured at different time points. The expression of autophagy-related proteins and inflammatory factors was detected by Western blotting, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) 12 h after LPS induction. Glial activation and neuronal injury in the hippocampus were detected by immunofluorescence staining and HE staining. The open Field test, novel object recognition (NOR) test, Y-maze test, and Morris water maze (MWM) test were performed to assess cognitive function. RESULTS Treatment with 20 or 80 mg/kg 3-MA reduced the increase in hippocampal TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β expression in SAE model mice, with 20 mg/kg 3-MA having the greatest therapeutic effect. Treatment with 20 mg/kg 3-MA effectively reduced the expression of hippocampal autophagy-related proteins and mortality, ameliorated hypothermia, decreased body weight and electroencephalography (EEG) performance, and attenuated the activation of neuroglia and neuronal damage. Moreover, it alleviated the cognitive dysfunction 2 weeks after LPS induction. CONCLUSIONS 3-MA reduced neuroglial activation and neuronal damage, attenuated neuroinflammation, and improved cognitive deficits during recovery period by inhibiting autophagy in SAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310020, China
| | - Yinping Yao
- Department of Neurology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310052, China; Department of Pediatrics, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province 312300, China
| | - Junchao Ding
- Department of Neurology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310052, China; Department of Pediatrics, Yiwu Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Yiwu, Zhejiang Province 322000, China
| | - Chengyue Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310052, China
| | - Ningxiao Xia
- Department of Neurology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310052, China
| | - Yilin Tao
- Department of Neurology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310052, China
| | - Wenhao Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310052, China
| | - Hantao Qi
- Department of Neurology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310052, China
| | - Lifen Gong
- Department of Neurology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310052, China.
| | - Peifang Jiang
- Department of Neurology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310052, China.
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Zhuang Y, Du X, Yang L, Jiang Z, Yu B, Gu W, Cui W, Lu H. Drop to Gate Nasal Drops Attenuates Sepsis-Induced Cognitive Dysfunction. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2403564. [PMID: 38966875 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202403564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Nasal administration can bypass the blood-brain barrier and directly deliver drugs to the brain, providing a non-invasive route for central nervous system (CNS) diseases. Inspired by the appearance that a gate can block the outside world and the characteristics of the sol-gel transition can form a "gate" in the nasal cavity, a Drop to Gate nasal drop (DGND) is designed to set a gate in nose, which achieves protecting role from the influence of nasal environment. The DGND demonstrates the efficiency and application prospect of delivering drugs to the brain through the N-to-B. The effective concentration of single administration is increased through the hydrophobic interaction between C8-GelMA and SRT1720 (SA), and then cross-linked under UV to form nanogel, which can respond to MMP in the inflammatory microenvironment of sepsis-induced cognitive dysfunction. Finally, the SA/nanogel is compounded into the thermogel, which can respond to the nasal cavity temperature to form DGND in situ, increasing the residence time and delivery efficiency of drugs in the nasal cavity. In vitro, the DGND alleviates lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-induced BV2 inflammation. In vivo, DGND effectively targets the nasal mucosa and deliver drugs to the brain, which activate Sirt1 to alleviate inflammation mediated by microglia and improve cognitive dysfunction in sepsis mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Zhuang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Huangpu, Shanghai, 200025, P. R. China
| | - Xiyu Du
- Department of Anesthesiology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, No. 221 Yan'an West Road, Jing'an, Shanghai, 200040, P. R. China
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Huangpu, Shanghai, 200025, P. R. China
| | - Zhaoshun Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, No. 221 Yan'an West Road, Jing'an, Shanghai, 200040, P. R. China
| | - Buwei Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Huangpu, Shanghai, 200025, P. R. China
| | - Weidong Gu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, No. 221 Yan'an West Road, Jing'an, Shanghai, 200040, P. R. China
| | - Wenguo Cui
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Huangpu, Shanghai, 200025, P. R. China
| | - Han Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Huangpu, Shanghai, 200025, P. R. China
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Zhou Y, Bai L, Tang W, Yang W, Sun L. Research progress in the pathogenesis of sepsis-associated encephalopathy. Heliyon 2024; 10:e33458. [PMID: 39027435 PMCID: PMC11254713 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e33458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a syndrome that causes dysfunction of multiple organs due to the host's uncontrolled response to infection and is a significant contributor to morbidity and mortality in intensive care units worldwide. Surviving patients are often left with acute brain injury and long-term cognitive impairment, known as sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE). In recent years, researchers have directed their focus towards the pathogenesis of SAE. However, due to the complexity of its development, there remains a lack of effective treatment measures that arise as a serious issue affecting the prognosis of sepsis patients. Further research on the possible causes of SAE aims to provide clinicians with potential therapeutic targets and help develop targeted prevention strategies. This paper aims to review recent research on the pathogenesis of SAE, in order to enhance our understanding of this syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhou
- Teaching Department, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Lu Bai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dalian NO.3 People's Hospital, Dalian, 116091, China
| | - Wenjing Tang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Weiying Yang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Lichao Sun
- Department of Emergency Medicine, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
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Wang Y, Ni P, Zhuang D, Zhou P, Zhu F, Yin D, Zhu R, Mei B, Hu S. Early hyperbaric oxygen therapy through regulating the HIF-1α signaling pathway attenuates Neuroinflammation and behavioral deficits in a mouse model of Sepsis-associated encephalopathy. J Neuroimmunol 2024; 391:578367. [PMID: 38735091 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2024.578367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) presents a significant clinical challenge, associated with increased mortality and healthcare expenses. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT), involving inhaling pure or highly concentrated oxygen under pressures exceeding one atmosphere, has demonstrated neuroprotective effects in various conditions. However, the precise mechanisms underlying its protective actions against sepsis-associated brain injury remain unclear. This study aimed to determine whether HBOT protects against SAE and to elucidate the impact of the hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) signaling pathway on SAE. METHODS The experiment consisted of two parts. In the first part, C57BL/6 J male mice were divided into five groups using a random number table method: control group, sham surgery group, sepsis group, HBOT + sepsis group, and HBOT + sham surgery group. In the subsequent part, C57BL/6 J male mice were divided into four groups: sepsis group, HBOT + sepsis group, HIF-1α + HBOT + sepsis group, and HIF-1α + sepsis group. Sepsis was induced via cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). Hyperbaric oxygen therapy was administered at 1 h and 4 h post-CLP. After 24 h, blood and hippocampal tissue were collected for cytokine measurements. HIF-1α, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 expression were assessed via ELISA and western blotting. Microglial expression was determined by immunofluorescence. Blood-brain barrier permeability was quantified using Evans Blue. Barnes maze and fear conditioning were conducted 14 days post-CLP to evaluate learning and memory. RESULTS Our findings reveal that CLP-induced hippocampus-dependent cognitive deficits coincided with elevated HIF-1α and increased TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 levels in both blood and hippocampus. Observable activation of microglial cells in the hippocampus and increased blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability were also evident. HBOT mitigated HIF-1α, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 levels, attenuated microglial activation in the hippocampus, and significantly improved learning and memory deficits in CLP-exposed mice. Additionally, these outcomes were corroborated by injecting a lentivirus that overexpressed HIF-1α into the hippocampal region of the mice. CONCLUSION HIF-1α escalation induced peripheral and central inflammatory factors, promoting microglial activation, BBB impairment, and cognitive dysfunction. However, HBOT ameliorated these effects by reducing HIF-1α levels in Sepsis-Associated Encephalopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- School of Nursing, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China; The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Ping Ni
- School of Nursing, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Dongmei Zhuang
- School of Nursing, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Peng Zhou
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Furong Zhu
- School of Nursing, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Danqiao Yin
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Rui Zhu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Bin Mei
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China.
| | - Shaohua Hu
- Department of Nursing, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China.
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11
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Wang X, Wen X, Yuan S, Zhang J. Gut-brain axis in the pathogenesis of sepsis-associated encephalopathy. Neurobiol Dis 2024; 195:106499. [PMID: 38588753 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2024.106499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The gut-brain axis is a bidirectional communication network linking the gut and the brain, overseeing digestive functions, emotional responses, body immunity, brain development, and overall health. Substantial research highlights a connection between disruptions of the gut-brain axis and various psychiatric and neurological conditions, including depression and Alzheimer's disease. Given the impact of the gut-brain axis on behavior, cognition, and brain diseases, some studies have started to pay attention to the role of the axis in sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE), where cognitive impairment is the primary manifestation. SAE emerges as the primary and earliest form of organ dysfunction following sepsis, potentially leading to acute cognitive impairment and long-term cognitive decline in patients. Notably, the neuronal damage in SAE does not stem directly from the central nervous system (CNS) infection but rather from an infection occurring outside the brain. The gut-brain axis is posited as a pivotal factor in this process. This review will delve into the gut-brain axis, exploring four crucial pathways through which inflammatory signals are transmitted and elevate the incidence of SAE. These pathways encompass the vagus nerve pathway, the neuroendocrine pathway involving the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and serotonin (5-HT) regulation, the neuroimmune pathway, and the microbial regulation. These pathways can operate independently or collaboratively on the CNS to modulate brain activity. Understanding how the gut affects and regulates the CNS could offer the potential to identify novel targets for preventing and treating this condition, ultimately enhancing the prognosis for individuals with SAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, PR China; Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, PR China
| | - Xiaoyue Wen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, PR China; Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, PR China
| | - Shiying Yuan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, PR China; Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, PR China.
| | - Jiancheng Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, PR China; Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, PR China.
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12
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Zhang Z, Guo L, Jia L, Duo H, Shen L, Zhao H. Factors contributing to sepsis-associated encephalopathy: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1379019. [PMID: 38835794 PMCID: PMC11148246 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1379019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background This study aims to systematically assess the risk factors, the overall strength of association, and evidence quality related to sepsis-associated encephalopathy. Methods A systematic search was conducted in the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase for cohort or case-control studies published up to August 2023 on risk factors associated with sepsis-related encephalopathy. The selected studies were screened, data were extracted, and the quality was evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 software. The certainty of the evidence was assessed using the GRADE criteria. Results A total of 13 studies involving 1,906 participants were included in the analysis. Among these studies, 12 were of high quality, and one was of moderate quality. Our meta-analysis identified six risk factors significantly associated with Serious Adverse Events (SAE). These included APACHE II, SOFA, age, tau protein, and IL-6, which were found to be risk factors with significant effects (standard mean difference SMD: 1.24-2.30), and albumin, which was a risk factor with moderate effects (SMD: -0.55). However, the certainty of evidence for the risk factors identified in this meta-analysis ranged from low to medium. Conclusion This systematic review and meta-analysis identified several risk factors with moderate to significant effects. APACHE II, SOFA, age, tau protein, IL-6, and albumin were associated with sepsis-related encephalopathy and were supported by medium- to high-quality evidence. These findings provide healthcare professionals with an evidence-based foundation for managing and treating hospitalized adult patients with sepsis-related encephalopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyang Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Li Guo
- Department of Neonatal, Shijiazhuang Fourth Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lijing Jia
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Hong Duo
- Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Limin Shen
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Heling Zhao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
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Boxiang Q, Liping S, Tong Q. Cuscuta chinensis Lam. Flavonoids (CCLF) alleviate the symptoms of sepsis-associated encephalopathy via PI3K/Nrf2 pathway. Behav Brain Res 2024; 465:114887. [PMID: 38499156 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2024.114887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) frequently encounters patients who are in intensive care units and ∼70% of patients with severe systemic infection. However, due to the unclear pathological mechanisms of SAE, the desease-modifying drug is still lack. Here, we aimed to explore whether the flavonoid components extracted from CCL (CCLF) seeds possess protective effects on SAE animals, and systematically evaluate the transcriptomic alteration (in the hippocampus) after CCLF treatment on SAE animals employing RNA sequencing. We observed that CCLF improved the brain's learning and memory abilities and the structural integrity of BBB using cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced SAE animal models, evaluated by behavioral test and tissue examination of animals respectively. RNA sequencing results showed that CCLF treatment reverses SAE-induced transcriptomic alteration in the hippocampus. Moreover, CCLF also dramatically relieved inflammatory (such as TNF-α, IL-2, and IL-6) and oxidative (MDA and SOD activity) stresses, and inhibited SAE-induced neuron apoptosis in brain tissues. More importantly, CCLF restored the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and then induced the Nrf2 nuclear translocation to drive HO-1 expression both in vitro and in vivo. LY294002, an inhibitor of PI3K, obviously blocked CCLF's functions on anti-apoptosis, anti-inflammation, and anti-oxidation in vivo, demonstrating that CCLF achieves its bioactivities in a PI3K/AKT signaling dependent manner. Altogether, CCLF exhibits remarkable neuro-protective function and may be a promising candidate for further clinical trials for SAE treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Boxiang
- Medicine Intensive Care Unit, Nantong University Affiliated Maternal and Child Health Hospital/ Nantong Children Hospital, Jiangsu, 226000, PR China.
| | - Sheng Liping
- Medicine Intensive Care Unit, Xuzhou Children Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221000, PR China
| | - Qian Tong
- Medicine Intensive Care Unit, Xuzhou Children Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221000, PR China
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14
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Xiong F, Wang C, Lu J, Bai G, Zhou D, Ling J. 4-PBA exerts brain-protective effects against sepsis-associated encephalopathy in a mouse model of sepsis. Exp Neurol 2024; 375:114738. [PMID: 38395217 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2024.114738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroinflammation assumes a pivotal role in both the etiological underpinnings and the dynamic progression of sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE). The occurrence of cognitive deficits with SAE is associated with neuroinflammation. 4-phenyl butyrate (4-PBA) may control inflammation by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS). The primary objective of this investigation is to scrutinize the effectiveness of 4-PBA in mitigating neuroinflammation induced by lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and its consequent impact on cognitive function decline. METHODS LPS-injected mice with SAE and LPS-treated BV2 cell were established to serve as experimental paradigms, both contributing to the investigative framework of the study. Cognitive functions were assessed by behavioral tests. Hippocampal neuronal damage was assessed using Golgi staining and Nissl staining. Quantitative PCR assay and immunofluorescence were used to analyze neuroinflammation. Mitochondrial function was examined using transmission electron microscopy. Protein expression analysis was conducted through the application of western blotting methodology, serving as the investigative approach to elucidate molecular signatures in the experimental framework. Endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondrial calcium flow were detected using flow cytometry. To delve deeper into the mechanistic intricacies, the administration of 4μ8c was employed to selectively impede the IRE1α/Xbp1s pathway, constituting a strategic intervention aimed at elucidating underlying regulatory processes. RESULT Expression levels of ERS-related proteins exhibited a significant upregulation in hippocampal tissues of LPS-treated mice when compared to wild-type (WT) counterparts. The administration of 4-PBA notably ameliorated memory deficits in LPS-treated mice. Furthermore, 4-PBA treatment was found to alleviate oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. Mechanistically, the IRE1α/Xbp1s-Ca2+ signaling pathway played a crucial role in mediating the beneficial effects of mitigating oxidative stress and maintaining mitochondrial calcium homeostasis, with inhibition of the IRE-related pathway displaying opposing effects. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that administration of 4-PBA treatment significantly attenuates ERS, alleviates cognitive decline, reduces inflammatory damage, and restores mitochondrial dynamics via the IRE1α/Xbp1s-Ca2+-associated pathway, which provides a new potential therapeutic approach to SAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Xiong
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong university of science and technology, Wuhan 430000, China; Department of Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong university of science and technology, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Cailin Wang
- Department of Neurology, Wuhan Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Jun Lu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong university of science and technology, Wuhan 430000, China; Department of Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong university of science and technology, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Guangyang Bai
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong university of science and technology, Wuhan 430000, China; Department of Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong university of science and technology, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Daixing Zhou
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong university of science and technology, Wuhan 430000, China; Department of Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong university of science and technology, Wuhan 430000, China.
| | - Jianmin Ling
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong university of science and technology, Wuhan 430000, China; Department of Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong university of science and technology, Wuhan 430000, China.
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15
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Zhang Y, Yang H, Hou S, Xia Y, Wang YQ. Influence of the brain‑gut axis on neuroinflammation in cerebral ischemia‑reperfusion injury (Review). Int J Mol Med 2024; 53:30. [PMID: 38299236 PMCID: PMC10852013 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2024.5354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Stroke, a debilitating cerebrovascular ailment, poses significant threats to human life and health. The intricate interplay between the gut‑brain‑microbiota axis (GBMA) and cerebral ischemia‑reperfusion has increasingly become a focal point of scientific exploration, emerging as a pivotal research avenue in stroke pathophysiology. In the present review, the authors delved into the nexus between the GBMA and neuroinflammation observed post‑stroke. The analysis underscored the pivotal roles of histone deacetylase 3 and neutrophil extracellular traps subsequent to stroke incidents. The influence of gut microbial compositions and their metabolites, notably short‑chain fatty acids and trimethylamine N‑oxide, on neuroinflammatory processes, was further elucidated. The involvement of immune cells, especially regulatory T‑cells, and the intricate signaling cascades including cyclic GMP‑AMP synthase/stimulator of interferon genes/Toll‑like receptor, further emphasized the complex regulatory mechanisms of GBMA in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury (CI/RI). Collectively, the present review offered a comprehensive perspective on the metabolic, immune and inflammatory modulations orchestrated by GBMA, augmenting the understanding of its role in neuroinflammation following CI/RI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifeng Zhang
- Department of Neurology II, The Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261041, P.R. China
| | - Hang Yang
- Department of Emergency, The Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261041, P.R. China
| | - Shuai Hou
- Department of Emergency, The Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261041, P.R. China
| | - Yulei Xia
- Department of Neurology II, The Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261041, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Qiang Wang
- Department of Neurology II, The Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261041, P.R. China
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16
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Xiao Q, Yan X, Sun Y, Tang Y, Hou R, Pan X, Zhu X. Brain-Derived Exosomal miRNA Profiles upon Experimental SAE Rats and Their Comparison with Peripheral Exosomes. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:772-782. [PMID: 37659038 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03569-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is a diffuse brain dysfunction secondary to body infection without overt central nervous system infection. Dysregulation of miRNA expression in the transcriptome can spread through RNA transfer in exosomes, providing an early signal of impending neuropathological changes in the brain. Here, we comprehensively analyzed brain-derived exosomal miRNA profiles in SAE rats (n = 3) and controls (n = 3). We further verified the differential expression and correlation of brain tissue, cerebrospinal fluid, and plasma exosomal miRNAs in SAE rats. High-throughput sequencing of brain-derived exosomal miRNAs identified 101 differentially expressed miRNAs, of which 16 were downregulated and 85 were upregulated. Four exosomal miRNAs (miR-127-3p, miR-423-3p, mR-378b, and miR-106-3p) were differentially expressed and correlated in the brain tissue, cerebrospinal fluid, and plasma, revealing the potential use of miRNAs as SAE liquid brain biopsies. Understanding exosomal miRNA profiles in SAE brain tissue and exploring the correlation with peripheral exosomal miRNA can contribute to a comprehensive understanding of miRNA changes in the SAE pathological process and provide the possibility of establishing early diagnostic assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Xiao
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaoqian Yan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yuru Tang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Rongyao Hou
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hiser Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Xudong Pan
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Xiaoyan Zhu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
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17
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Zhang J, Chen S, Hu X, Huang L, Loh P, Yuan X, Liu Z, Lian J, Geng L, Chen Z, Guo Y, Chen B. The role of the peripheral system dysfunction in the pathogenesis of sepsis-associated encephalopathy. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1337994. [PMID: 38298892 PMCID: PMC10828041 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1337994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a condition that greatly impacts the brain, leading to neurological dysfunction and heightened mortality rates, making it one of the primary organs affected. Injury to the central nervous system can be attributed to dysfunction of various organs throughout the entire body and imbalances within the peripheral immune system. Furthermore, central nervous system injury can create a vicious circle with infection-induced peripheral immune disorders. We collate the pathogenesis of septic encephalopathy, which involves microglial activation, programmed cell death, mitochondrial dysfunction, endoplasmic reticulum stress, neurotransmitter imbalance, and blood-brain barrier disruption. We also spotlight the effects of intestinal flora and its metabolites, enterocyte-derived exosomes, cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway, peripheral T cells and their cytokines on septic encephalopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Zhang
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuangli Chen
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiyou Hu
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Lihong Huang
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - PeiYong Loh
- School of International Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinru Yuan
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jinyu Lian
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Lianqi Geng
- Binhai New Area Hospital of TCM, Fourth Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of TCM, Tianjin, China
| | - Zelin Chen
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine Theory of Innovation and Application, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- School of Acupuncture and Moxibustion and Tuina, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Yi Guo
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine Theory of Innovation and Application, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Binhai New Area Hospital of TCM, Fourth Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of TCM, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine Theory of Innovation and Application, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- School of Acupuncture and Moxibustion and Tuina, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
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18
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Xie J, Tuo P, Zhang W, Wang S. Inhibition of the TLR4/NF-κB pathway promotes the polarization of LPS-induced BV2 microglia toward the M2 phenotype. Neuroreport 2023; 34:834-844. [PMID: 37938926 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate whether the inhibition of the TLR4/NF-κB pathway can promote lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced microglial polarization from the M1 to M2 phenotype, and thus exert neuroprotection. LPS-induced microglia were used as a model for inflammation in vitro. TLR4-specific inhibitor resatorvid (TAK-242) and NF-κB inhibitor pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) were used to verify the effect of the TLR4/NF-κB pathway on microglia activation and polarization. Cell proliferation was measured by cell counting, and nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) release was measured using the Griess reagent and ROS kit, respectively. Immunofluorescence and RT-qPCR analyses were used to detect the expression of microglial activation markers, phenotypic markers, related pathway molecules, and inflammatory factors. TLR4 specific inhibitor TAK-242 and NF-κB inhibitor PDTC alleviated LPS-induced microglia over-activation by inhibiting the TLR4/NF-κB pathway, and reduced LPS-stimulated cell proliferation and the release of NO, ROS, TNF-a, and IL-6 and IL-1β. Meanwhile, TAK-242 and PDTC promoted LPS-induced polarization of microglia from M1 to M2 phenotype, decreased the expression of microglial activation marker Iba1 and M1 phenotypic markers (TNF-a and CD86), and increased the expression of M2 phenotypic markers (Arg-1 and CD206). The mechanism may be related to inhibiting the TLR4/NF-κB pathway. The inhibition of the TLR4/NF-κB pathway can promote LPS-induced polarization of BV2 microglia from M1 phenotype to M2 phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiehong Xie
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Morimoto K, Watanuki S, Eguchi R, Kitano T, Otsuguro KI. Short-term memory impairment following recovery from systemic inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide in mice. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1273039. [PMID: 37920299 PMCID: PMC10618367 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1273039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The relationship between neuroinflammation and mental disorders has been recognized and investigated for over 30 years. Diseases of systemic or peripheral inflammation, such as sepsis, peritonitis, and infection, are associated with increased risk of mental disorders with neuroinflammation. To elucidate the pathogenesis, systemic administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in mice is often used. LPS-injected mice exhibit behavioral abnormalities with glial activation. However, these studies are unlikely to recapitulate the clinical pathophysiology of human patients, as most studies focus on the acute inflammatory response with systemic symptoms occurring within 24 h of LPS injection. In this study, we focus on the effects of LPS on behavioral abnormalities following recovery from systemic symptoms and investigate the mechanisms of pathogenesis. Several behavioral tests were performed in LPS-injected mice, and to assess neuroinflammation, the time course of the morphological change and expression of inflammatory factors in neurons, astrocytes, and microglia were investigated. At 7 days post-LPS injection, mice exhibited short-term memory impairment accompanied by the suppression of neuronal activity and increases in morphologically immature spines. Glial cells were transiently activated in the hippocampus concomitant with upregulation of the microglial phagocytosis marker CD68 3 days after injection. Here we show that transient glial cell activation in the acute response phase affects neuronal activity and behavior following recovery from systemic symptoms. These findings provide novel insights for studies using the LPS-induced inflammation model and that will contribute to the development of treatments for mental disorders of this etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Morimoto
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shu Watanuki
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ryota Eguchi
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Taisuke Kitano
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Aomori, Japan
| | - Ken-ichi Otsuguro
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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Millán Solano MV, Salinas Lara C, Sánchez-Garibay C, Soto-Rojas LO, Escobedo-Ávila I, Tena-Suck ML, Ortíz-Butrón R, Choreño-Parra JA, Romero-López JP, Meléndez Camargo ME. Effect of Systemic Inflammation in the CNS: A Silent History of Neuronal Damage. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11902. [PMID: 37569277 PMCID: PMC10419139 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241511902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) infections including meningitis and encephalitis, resulting from the blood-borne spread of specific microorganisms, provoke nervous tissue damage due to the inflammatory process. Moreover, different pathologies such as sepsis can generate systemic inflammation. Bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induces the release of inflammatory mediators and damage molecules, which are then released into the bloodstream and can interact with structures such as the CNS, thus modifying the blood-brain barrier's (BBB´s) and blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier´s (BCSFB´s) function and inducing aseptic neuroinflammation. During neuroinflammation, the participation of glial cells (astrocytes, microglia, and oligodendrocytes) plays an important role. They release cytokines, chemokines, reactive oxygen species, nitrogen species, peptides, and even excitatory amino acids that lead to neuronal damage. The neurons undergo morphological and functional changes that could initiate functional alterations to neurodegenerative processes. The present work aims to explain these processes and the pathophysiological interactions involved in CNS damage in the absence of microbes or inflammatory cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Verónica Millán Solano
- Red MEDICI, Carrera Médico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico; (M.V.M.S.); (C.S.-G.); (L.O.S.-R.); (I.E.-Á.); (J.P.R.-L.)
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Genetics, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cos’ıo Villegas, Mexico City 14080, Mexico;
| | - Citlaltepetl Salinas Lara
- Red MEDICI, Carrera Médico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico; (M.V.M.S.); (C.S.-G.); (L.O.S.-R.); (I.E.-Á.); (J.P.R.-L.)
- Departamento de Neuropatología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suarez, Mexico City 14269, Mexico;
| | - Carlos Sánchez-Garibay
- Red MEDICI, Carrera Médico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico; (M.V.M.S.); (C.S.-G.); (L.O.S.-R.); (I.E.-Á.); (J.P.R.-L.)
- Departamento de Neuropatología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suarez, Mexico City 14269, Mexico;
| | - Luis O. Soto-Rojas
- Red MEDICI, Carrera Médico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico; (M.V.M.S.); (C.S.-G.); (L.O.S.-R.); (I.E.-Á.); (J.P.R.-L.)
- Laboratorio de Patogénesis Molecular, Laboratorio 4, Edificio A4, Carrera Médico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico
| | - Itzel Escobedo-Ávila
- Red MEDICI, Carrera Médico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico; (M.V.M.S.); (C.S.-G.); (L.O.S.-R.); (I.E.-Á.); (J.P.R.-L.)
- Departamento de Neurodesarrollo y Fisiología, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Martha Lilia Tena-Suck
- Departamento de Neuropatología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suarez, Mexico City 14269, Mexico;
| | - Rocío Ortíz-Butrón
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología, Departamento de Fisiología de ENCB, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 07738, Mexico;
| | - José Alberto Choreño-Parra
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Genetics, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cos’ıo Villegas, Mexico City 14080, Mexico;
| | - José Pablo Romero-López
- Red MEDICI, Carrera Médico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico; (M.V.M.S.); (C.S.-G.); (L.O.S.-R.); (I.E.-Á.); (J.P.R.-L.)
- Laboratorio de Patogénesis Molecular, Laboratorio 4, Edificio A4, Carrera Médico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico
| | - María Estela Meléndez Camargo
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Departamento de Farmacia, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Wilfrido Massieu Esq. Manuel Luis Stampa S/N, U.P. Adolfo López Mateos, Mexico City 07738, Mexico;
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21
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Yun Y, Wang X, Xu J, Chen J, Wang X, Yang P, Qin L. Optogenetic stimulation of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons prevents neuroinflammation and neuropsychiatric manifestations in pristane induced lupus mice. BEHAVIORAL AND BRAIN FUNCTIONS : BBF 2023; 19:11. [PMID: 37322485 DOI: 10.1186/s12993-023-00213-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroinflammation has been identified as one of the primary pathogenic factors of neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE). However, there are no dedicated treatments available in clinics to alleviate neuroinflammation in NPSLE. It has been proposed that stimulating basal forebrain (BF) cholinergic neurons may provide potent anti-inflammatory effects in several inflammatory diseases, but its potential role in NPSLE remains unexplored. This study aims to investigate whether and how stimulating BF cholinergic neurons has a protective effect on NPSLE. RESULTS Optogenetic stimulation of BF cholinergic neurons significantly ameliorated olfactory dysfunction and anxiety- and depression-like phenotype in pristane induced lupus (PIL) mice. The increased expression of adhesion molecules (P-selectin and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1)), leukocyte recruitment, blood-brain barrier (BBB) leakage were significantly decreased. Notably, the brain histopathological changes, including the elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β), IgG deposition in the choroid plexus and lateral ventricle wall and lipofuscin accumulation in the cortical and hippocampal neurons, were also significantly attenuated. Furthermore, we confirmed the colocalization between the BF cholinergic projections and the cerebral vessels, and the expression of α7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) on the cerebral vessels. CONCLUSION Our data indicate that stimulation of BF cholinergic neurons could play a neuroprotective role in the brain through its cholinergic anti-inflammatory effects on cerebral vessels. Therefore, this may be a promising preventive target for NPSLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yun
- Department of Nephrology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xuejiao Wang
- Department of Physiology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jingyi Xu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jingyu Chen
- Department of Physiology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xueru Wang
- Department of Physiology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Pingting Yang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ling Qin
- Department of Physiology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
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22
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Wu H, Wang Y, Fu H, Ji L, Li N, Zhang D, Su L, Hu Z. Maresin1 Ameliorates Sepsis-Induced Microglial Neuritis Induced through Blocking TLR4-NF-κ B-NLRP3 Signaling Pathway. J Pers Med 2023; 13:jpm13030534. [PMID: 36983716 PMCID: PMC10054512 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13030534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Neuroinflammation is a major etiology of cognitive dysfunction due to sepsis. Maresin1 (MaR1), identified as a docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)-derived metabolite from macrophages, has been demonstrated to exhibit potent neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects. Nevertheless, detailed functions and molecular mechanism of MaR1 in sepsis-induced cognitive dysfunction has not been fully elucidated. Here, we aimed to investigate potential neuroprotective effects of MaR1 on microglia-induced neuroinflammation in sepsis-induced cognitive impairment and to explore its anti-inflammatory mechanism. Methods: Different doses of MaR1 were administered to septic rats by via tail vein injection. The optimal dose was determined based on the 7-day survival rate of rats from each group. derived from macrophages with both anti-inflammatory to observe the ameliorative effects of MaR1 at optimal doses on cognitive dysfunction in septic rats. The effects of MaR1 on neuroinflammation-mediated microglial activation, neuronal apoptosis, and pro-inflammatory cytokine productions were in vivo and in vitro assayed, using Western blot, ELISA, TUNEL staining, Nissl staining, and the immunofluorescence method. To further elucidate anti-inflammatory machinery of MaR1, protein expressions of NLRP3 inflammatory vesicles and TLR4-NF-κB pathway-related proteins were subjected to Western blot assay. Results: After tail vein injection of MaR1 with different doses (2 ng/g, 4 ng/g, 8 ng/g), the results showed that 4 ng/g MaR1 treatment significantly increased the rats’ 7-day survival rate compared to the CLP controls. Therefore, subsequent experiments set 4 ng/g MaR1 as the optimal dose. Morris water maze experiments confirmed that MaR1 significantly reduced space memory dysfunction in rats. In addition, in CLP rats and LPS-stimulated BV2 microglia, MaR1 significantly reduced activated microglia and pro-inflammatory cytokines levels and neuronal apoptosis. Mechanically, MaR1 inhibits microglia-induced neuroinflammation through suppressing activations of NLRP3 inflammatory vesicles and TLR4-NF-κB signal pathway. Conclusion: Collectively, our findings suggested that MaR1 might be a prospective neuroprotective compound for prevention and treatment in the sepsis process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiping Wu
- School of Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
- Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Operating Room, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121012, China
| | - Haiyan Fu
- Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, China
| | - Lili Ji
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121012, China
| | - Na Li
- Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, China
| | - Longxiang Su
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100730, China
- Correspondence: (L.S.); (Z.H.)
| | - Zhansheng Hu
- School of Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
- Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, China
- Correspondence: (L.S.); (Z.H.)
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23
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Lin J, Xu Y, Guo P, Chen YJ, Zhou J, Xia M, Tan B, Liu X, Feng H, Chen Y. CCL5/CCR5-mediated peripheral inflammation exacerbates blood‒brain barrier disruption after intracerebral hemorrhage in mice. J Transl Med 2023; 21:196. [PMID: 36918921 PMCID: PMC10015963 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04044-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Owing to metabolic disequilibrium and immune suppression, intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) patients are prone to infections; according to a recent global analysis of stroke cases, approximately 10 million new-onset ICH patients had experienced concurrent infection. However, the intrinsic mechanisms underlying the effects of infection related peripheral inflammation after ICH remain unclear. METHODS Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was intraperitoneally injected into ICH model mice to induce peripheral inflammation. Neurobehavioral deficits, blood‒brain barrier (BBB) disruption, and the expression of CCR5, JAK2, STAT3, and MMP9 were evaluated after treatment with recombinant CCL5 (rCCL5) (a CCR5 ligand), maraviroc (MVC) (an FDA-approved selective CCR5 antagonist), or JAK2 CRISPR plasmids. RESULTS Our study revealed that severe peripheral inflammation increased CCL5/CCR5 axis activation in multiple inflammatory cell types, including microglia, astrocytes, and monocytes, and aggravated BBB disruption and neurobehavioral dysfunction after ICH, possibly in part through the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS CCR5 might be a potential target for the clinical treatment of infection-induced exacerbation of BBB disruption following ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery and State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 29 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China.,Chongqing Clinical Research Center for Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Precision Neuromedicine and Neuroregenaration, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Ya Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery and State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 29 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China.,Chongqing Clinical Research Center for Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Precision Neuromedicine and Neuroregenaration, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Peiwen Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery and State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 29 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China.,Chongqing Clinical Research Center for Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Precision Neuromedicine and Neuroregenaration, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yù-Jié Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery and State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 29 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China.,Chongqing Clinical Research Center for Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Precision Neuromedicine and Neuroregenaration, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Jiru Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery and State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 29 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China.,Chongqing Clinical Research Center for Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Precision Neuromedicine and Neuroregenaration, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Min Xia
- Department of Neurosurgery and State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 29 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China.,Chongqing Clinical Research Center for Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Precision Neuromedicine and Neuroregenaration, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Binbin Tan
- Department of Neurosurgery and State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 29 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China.,Chongqing Clinical Research Center for Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Precision Neuromedicine and Neuroregenaration, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Hua Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery and State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 29 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China. .,Chongqing Clinical Research Center for Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China. .,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Precision Neuromedicine and Neuroregenaration, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.
| | - Yujie Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery and State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 29 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China. .,Chongqing Clinical Research Center for Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China. .,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Precision Neuromedicine and Neuroregenaration, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.
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24
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Fan Y, Liu X, Wu J, Ni J, Liang J, Hou Y, Dou H. Small molecule compound K-7174 attenuates neuropsychiatric manifestations in lupus-prone mice. Brain Res 2023; 1801:148203. [PMID: 36521514 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2022.148203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The neuropsychiatric manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE) present significant morbidity and mortality due to frequent non-response or adverse effects of the current clinical drugs. The disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) contributes to inflammatory NPSLE disease progression. K-7174, a highly piperazine-derived compound, inhibits leukocyte adhesion and inflammatory factor expression. The present study aimed to comprehensively assess the treatment effect of neurobehavioral deficits in MRL/lpr mice, a validated neuropsychiatric lupus model. The intraperitoneal injection of K-7174 alleviated lupus-like symptoms and improved cognitive dysfunction in MRL/lpr mice. Also, it significantly attenuated neuronal degeneration and decreased serum albumin deposition in the hippocampus. Furthermore, K-7174 acted directly on the brain microvascular endothelial bEnd.3 cells and reduced the BBB permeability, manifested by inhibiting the activation of brain microvascular endothelial cells and increasing the expression of tight junctions (TJs). Notably, in vitro experiments showed that K-7174 alleviates the decreased ZO1 and Occludin expression in bEnd.3 cells caused by lactate increase, improving cell permeability via the MCT4/NKAP/CREB signaling pathway. These findings suggested that K-7174 mediates the attenuation of NPSLE in MRL/lpr mice, indicating a promising therapeutic strategy for NPSLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Fan
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Xuan Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Jinjin Wu
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Jiali Ni
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Jun Liang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Yayi Hou
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing 210093, China.
| | - Huan Dou
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing 210093, China.
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25
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He YF, Hu XM, Khan MA, Yu BY, Sheng YC, Xiao XZ, Wan XX, Tan SP, Xiong K. HSF1 Alleviates Brain Injury by Inhibiting NLRP3-Induced Pyroptosis in a Sepsis Model. Mediators Inflamm 2023; 2023:2252255. [PMID: 36741074 PMCID: PMC9897924 DOI: 10.1155/2023/2252255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis, which could cause a systemic inflammatory response, is a life-threatening disease with a high morbidity and mortality rate. There is evidence that brain injury may be related to severe systemic infection induced by sepsis. The brain injury caused by sepsis could increase the risk of mortality in septic patients, which seriously affects the septic patient's prognosis of survival. Although there remains a focus on sepsis research, clinical measures to prevent and treat brain injury in sepsis are not yet available, and the high mortality rate is still a big health burden. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the new molecules or regulated pathways that can effectively inhibit the progress of sepsis. OBJECTIVE NLR family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) increased in the procession of sepsis and functioned as the key regulator of pyroptosis. Heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) can protect organs from multiorgan dysfunction syndrome induced by lipopolysaccharides in mice, and NLRP3 could be inhibited by HSF1 in many organs. However, whether HSF1 regulated NLRP3 in sepsis-induced brain injury, as well as the detailed mechanism of HSF1 in brain injury, remains unknown in the sepsis model. In this research, we try to explore the relationship between HSF1 and NLRP3 in a sepsis model and try to reveal the mechanism of HSF1 inhibiting the process of brain injury. METHODS In this study, we used wild-type mice and hsf1 -/- mice for in vivo research and PC12 cells for in vitro research. Real-time PCR and Western blot were used to analyze the expression of HSF1, NLRP3, cytokines, and pyrolytic proteins. EthD-III staining was chosen to detect the pyroptosis of the hippocampus and PC12 cells. RESULTS The results showed that HSF1 is negatively related to pyroptosis. The pyroptosis in cells of brain tissue was significantly increased in the hsf1 -/- mouse model compared to hsf1 +/+ mice. In PC12 cells, hsf1 siRNA can upregulate pyroptosis while HSF1-transfected plasmid could inhibit the pyroptosis. HSF1 could negatively regulate the NLRP3 pathway in PC12 cells, while hsf1 siRNA enhanced the pyroptosis in PC12 cells, which could be reversed by nlrp3 siRNA. CONCLUSION These results imply that HSF1 could alleviate sepsis-induced brain injury by inhibiting pyroptosis through the NLRP3-dependent pathway in brain tissue and PC12 cells, suggesting HSF1 as a potential molecular target for treating brain injury in sepsis clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-fu He
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Xi-min Hu
- Clinical Medicine Eight-Year Program, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Md. Asaduzzaman Khan
- The Research Centre for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Bo-yao Yu
- Clinical Medicine Five-Year Program, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Yi-cun Sheng
- Clinical Medicine Five-Year Program, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Xian-zhong Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Sepsis Translational Medicine of Hunan, Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Xin-xing Wan
- Department of Endocrinology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Si-pin Tan
- Key Laboratory of Sepsis Translational Medicine of Hunan, Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Kun Xiong
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Changsha 410008, China
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma, Ministry of Education, College of Emergency and Trauma, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
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26
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Qin Q, Wang M, Li H, Xu ZD, Tang Y. Editorial: The role of microglia in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 14:1105896. [PMID: 36688165 PMCID: PMC9853986 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.1105896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Qin
- 1Department of Neurology and Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,2National Center for Neurological Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Wang
- 1Department of Neurology and Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Huiliang Li
- 3Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, London, United Kingdom,*Correspondence: Huiliang Li ✉
| | - Zhiqing David Xu
- 4Department of Pathology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,Zhiqing David Xu ✉
| | - Yi Tang
- 1Department of Neurology and Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,2National Center for Neurological Disorders, Beijing, China,Yi Tang ✉
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27
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Lu X, Kang H, Zhou D, Li Q. Prediction and risk assessment of sepsis-associated encephalopathy in ICU based on interpretable machine learning. Sci Rep 2022; 12:22621. [PMID: 36587113 PMCID: PMC9805434 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-27134-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is a major complication of sepsis and is associated with high mortality and poor long-term prognosis. The purpose of this study is to develop interpretable machine learning models to predict the occurrence of SAE after ICU admission and implement the individual prediction and analysis. Patients with sepsis admitted to ICU were included. SAE was diagnosed as glasgow coma score (GCS) less than 15. Statistical analysis at baseline was performed between SAE and non-SAE. Six machine learning classifiers were employed to predict the occurrence of SAE, and the adjustment of model super parameters was performed by using Bayesian optimization method. Finally, the optimal algorithm was selected according to the prediction efficiency. In addition, professional physicians were invited to evaluate our model prediction results for further quantitative assessment of the model interpretability. The preliminary analysis of variance showed significant differences in the incidence of SAE among patients with pathogen infection. There were significant differences in physical indicators like respiratory rate, temperature, SpO2 and mean arterial pressure (P < 0.001). In addition, the laboratory results were also significantly different. The optimal classification model (XGBoost) indicated that the best risk factors (cut-off points) were creatinine (1.1 mg/dl), mean respiratory rate (18), pH (7.38), age (72), chlorine (101 mmol/L), sodium (138.5 k/ul), SAPSII score (23), platelet count (160), and phosphorus (2.4 and 5.0 mg/dL). The ranked features derived from the best model (AUC is 0.8837) were mechanical ventilation, duration of mechanical ventilation, phosphorus, SOFA score, and vasopressin usage. The SAE risk prediction model based on XGBoost created here can make very accurate predictions using simple indicators and support the visual explanation. The interpretable model was effectively evaluated by professional physicians and can help them predict the occurrence of SAE more intuitively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Lu
- grid.43555.320000 0000 8841 6246Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Hongyu Kang
- grid.43555.320000 0000 8841 6246Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081 China ,grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Institute of Medical Information, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100020 China
| | - Dawei Zhou
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XDepartment of Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100005 China
| | - Qin Li
- grid.43555.320000 0000 8841 6246Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081 China
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Electroacupuncture Alleviates Neuroinflammation by Inhibiting the HMGB1 Signaling Pathway in Rats with Sepsis-Associated Encephalopathy. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12121732. [PMID: 36552192 PMCID: PMC9776077 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12121732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis-Associated Encephalopathy (SAE) is common in sepsis patients, with high mortality rates. It is believed that neuroinflammation is an important mechanism involved in SAE. High mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1), as a late pro-inflammatory factor, is significantly increased during sepsis in different brain regions, including the hippocampus. HMGB1 causes neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment through direct binding to advanced glycation end products (RAGE) and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). Electroacupuncture (EA) at Baihui (GV20) and Zusanli (ST36) is beneficial for neurological diseases and experimental sepsis. Our study used EA to treat SAE induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in male Sprague-Dawley rats. The Y maze test was performed to assess working memory. Immunofluorescence (IF) and Western blotting (WB) were used to determine neuroinflammation and the HMGB1 signaling pathway. Results showed that EA could improve working memory impairment in rats with SAE. EA alleviated neuroinflammation by downregulating the hippocampus's HMGB1/TLR4 and HMGB1/RAGE signaling, reducing the levels of pro-inflammatory factors, and relieving microglial and astrocyte activation. However, EA did not affect the tight junctions' expression of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in the hippocampus.
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Mani V, Rabbani SI, Shariq A, Amirthalingam P, Arfeen M. Piracetam as a Therapeutic Agent for Doxorubicin-Induced Cognitive Deficits by Enhancing Cholinergic Functions and Reducing Neuronal Inflammation, Apoptosis, and Oxidative Stress in Rats. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15121563. [PMID: 36559014 PMCID: PMC9781976 DOI: 10.3390/ph15121563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer chemotherapy is known to cause cognitive defects in patients. Our study investigated the effect of piracetam (PIRA; 200 or 400 mg/kg) against doxorubicin (DOX)-induced cognitive deficits in a rat model. The cognitive parameters were analyzed using elevated plus-maze, novel object recognition, and Y-maze tests. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE), neuroinflammatory mediators (cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)), apoptotic proteins (B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), Bcl2 associated X protein (Bax), cysteine aspartate specific protease-3 (caspase-3)), oxidative parameters (malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), and glutathione (GSH)) were also determined in the brain. PIRA administration offered significant protection against DOX-induced cognitive deficits in all maze tests and restored cholinergic functions via a significant reduction in AChE levels. Additionally, PIRA suppressed DOX-induced neuroinflammatory mediators (COX-2, PGE2, NF-κB, and TNF-α), pro-apoptotic proteins (Bax and caspase-3), and oxidative stress (MDA). Besides, it facilitated antioxidant (CAT and GSH) levels. Hence, our study highlighted that the neuroprotective activity of PIRA against DOX-induced cognitive deficits can be linked to reductions of AChE levels, neuro-inflammatory mediators, pro-apoptotic proteins, and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasudevan Mani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (V.M.); (M.A.); Tel.: +966-508695644 (V.M.)
| | - Syed Imam Rabbani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Shariq
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Palanisamy Amirthalingam
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 47512, Saudi Arabia
| | - Minhajul Arfeen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (V.M.); (M.A.); Tel.: +966-508695644 (V.M.)
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Early Diagnosis of Murine Sepsis-Associated Encephalopathy Using Dynamic PET/CT Imaging and Multiparametric MRI. Mol Imaging Biol 2022; 24:928-939. [PMID: 35612771 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-022-01743-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Early diagnosis of sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is essential for the treatment and prognosis of septic patients. Static PET and MRI have shown promise for early diagnosis, while pharmacokinetic parameters from dynamic PET may provide better quantification for SAE. This study aims to compare the performance of dynamic 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose ([18F]F-FDG) PET and multiparametric MRI in early imaging SAE with a view to providing guidance for the early diagnosis of SAE. PROCEDURES Dynamic [18F]F-FDG-PET/CT scans and multiparametric MRI were performed in SAE mice induced by LPS. Standardized uptake value (SUV) was measured in static scan images and [18F]F-FDG pharmacokinetic parameters were analyzed with two-tissue compartment model and Patlak plot. MRI relative signal intensity (rT1) derived from T1-weighted images (pre and post contrast) and 4 parameters originating from diffusion-weighted data were measured. RESULTS Both SUV and dephosphorylation rate constant (k4) increased in SAE model as early as 6 h post sepsis induction, while k4 increased with the relative value (SAE/normal) significantly stronger than that of SUV. Moreover, the net influx constant (Ki) showed significant decrease in SAE as early as 6 h compared with normal mice. Increased signal intensity was identified in T1-weighted contrast enhanced images and rT1 value increased at 12 h post induction. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) revealed fractional anisotropy (FA) decreased at 12 h and 24 h in external capsule (ec) and declined axial diffusivity (AD) was shown in white matter at 24 h. CONCLUSIONS The dynamic PET (k4) was more sensitive than static PET (SUV) for early diagnosis of SAE and declined Ki was firstly found in murine SAE, which indicated the advantage of dynamic PET/CT in early detection and differential diagnosis of SAE. While MRI has a higher soft tissue resolution than PET/CT and can classify more subtle brain areas, the comprehensive utilization of the two modalities is helpful for managing SAE.
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Levetiracetam Ameliorates Doxorubicin-Induced Chemobrain by Enhancing Cholinergic Transmission and Reducing Neuroinflammation Using an Experimental Rat Model and Molecular Docking Study. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27217364. [PMID: 36364190 PMCID: PMC9653834 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment (chemobrain) is a major complication that affects the prognosis of therapy. Our study evaluates the nootropic-like activity of levetiracetam (LEVE) against doxorubicin (DOX)-induced memory defects using in vivo and molecular modelling. Rats were treated with LEVE (100 and 200 mg/kg, 30 days) and chemobrain was induced by four doses of DOX (2 mg/kg, i.p.). Spatial memory parameters were evaluated using an elevated plus maze (EPM) and Y-maze. Additionally, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and the neuroinflammatory biomarkers cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) were analyzed using brain homogenate. PharmMapper was used for inverse docking and AutoDock Vina was used for molecular docking. LEVE treatment significantly diminished the DOX-induced memory impairment parameters in both the EPM and Y-maze. In addition, the drug treatment significantly reduced AChE, COX-2, PGE2, NF-κB, and TNF-α levels compared to DOX-treated animals. The inverse docking procedures resulted in the identification of AChE as the potential target. Further molecular modelling studies displayed interactions with residues Gly118, Gly119, and Ser200, critical for the hydrolysis of ACh. Analysis of the results suggested that administration of LEVE improved memory-related parameters in DOX-induced animals. The ‘nootropic-like’ activity could be related to diminished AChE and neuroinflammatory mediator levels.
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Zhong X, Chen Z, Wang Y, Mao M, Deng Y, Shi M, Xu Y, Chen L, Cao W. JQ1 attenuates neuroinflammation by inhibiting the inflammasome-dependent canonical pyroptosis pathway in SAE. Brain Res Bull 2022; 189:174-183. [PMID: 36100190 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2022.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) manifests clinically in hyperneuroinflammation. Pyroptosis, which can induce an inflammatory cascade response, has been considered to be a causative factor of SAE. Evidence has shown that the bromo- and extraterminal (BET) proteins (including BRD2, BRD3, BRD4 and BRDT) inhibitor JQ1 can inhibit inflammation and suppress pyroptosis in various diseases. Therefore, we examined the effect of JQ1 on inflammasome-induced pyroptosis in the hippocampus in a mouse model of sepsis induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection. The results showed that JQ1 treatment alleviated sepsis-related symptoms, protected the blood-brain barrier (BBB), as indicated by upregulated expression of the tight junction proteins occludin and ZO-1, and remarkably rescued neuronal damage in SAE mice. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that JQ1 intervention inhibited the expression of BRD proteins and decreased the expression of inflammasomes by blocking phospho-nuclear factor kappa B (p-NF-κB) signalling, attenuating the canonical pyroptosis (mediated by cleaved-Caspase1/11) pathway and the release of proinflammatory factors in the hippocampus of septic mice. Interestingly, we also found that JQ1 selectively suppressed the activation of hippocampal microglia in SAE mice. Thus, JQ1 protected the hippocampal BBB and neuronal damage through the attenuation of neuroinflammation by inhibiting the inflammasome-dependent canonical pyroptosis pathway induced by LPS injection in mice, and JQ1 may be a promising target for the prevention of SAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Zhong
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 421001 Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Zuyao Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 421001 Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Yajuan Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 421001, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Mingli Mao
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 421001 Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Yingcheng Deng
- Clinical Anatomy & Reproductive Medicine Application Institute, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 421001 Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Mengmeng Shi
- Clinical Anatomy & Reproductive Medicine Application Institute, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 421001 Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Yang Xu
- Institute of Neuroscience, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 421001 Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Ling Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 421001 Hengyang, Hunan, China.
| | - Wenyu Cao
- Clinical Anatomy & Reproductive Medicine Application Institute, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 421001 Hengyang, Hunan, China.
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Liu K, Gao X, Hu C, Gui Y, Gui S, Ni Q, Tao L, Jiang Z. Capsaicin ameliorates diabetic retinopathy by inhibiting poldip2-induced oxidative stress. Redox Biol 2022; 56:102460. [PMID: 36088760 PMCID: PMC9468458 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Oxidative stress and the resultant hyperpermeability play a vital role in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy (DR). Poldip2 has been implicated in H2O2 production, but the effects of capsaicin on poldip2 have not been reported. Methods Diabetic Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats induced with STZ were treated with capsaicin or AAV9-poldip2-shRNA, and human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (HRMECs) were treated with capsaicin or poldip2 siRNA. Results Current data indicated that the expression of PPARγ, poldip2, Nox4, VCAM-1, HIF-1α, and VEGF increased in rat retinas with DR and in HRMECs treated with high glucose. The production of ROS or H2O2 in the tissues, serum, and cells increased, and the paracellular permeability of cultured HRMECs with high glucose significantly increased. In addition, overt hyperpermeability of retinal microvessels and increased retinal neovascularization in diabetic rats were observed. However, capsaicin treatment inhibited these increases and suppressed the expression of PPARγ by enhancing its phosphorylation and ubiquitination in the retinas of DR rats. Poldip2 knockdown in HRMECs or its silencing in the retina of DR rats concomitantly led to reduced levels of Nox4, VCAM-1, HIF-1α, VEGF, ROS, and H2O2, and the paracellular permeability of HRMECs or the hyperpermeability of retinal microvessels in diabetic rat retinas decreased. Similarly, after PPARγ knockdown in HRMECs, poldip2, Nox4, HIF-1α, VEGF, ROS, and H2O2 decreased, and the monolayer paracellular permeability was reduced accordingly. Conclusion Capsaicin may ameliorate diabetic retinopathy by activating TRPV1 and suppressing the PPARγ-poldip2-Nox4 pathway.
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Wang Y, Wang W, Zhou S, Wang Y, Cudjoe O, Cha Y, Wang C, Cao X, Liu W, Jin K. Poldip2 knockdown protects against lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury via Nox4/Nrf2/NF-κB signaling pathway. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:958916. [PMID: 36120334 PMCID: PMC9471427 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.958916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymerase δ-interacting protein 2 (Poldip2) has been reported to mediate acute lung injury (ALI); however, the underlying mechanism is not fully explored. Male C57BL/6 mice and A549 cells were used to establish the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI model, then the expression of Poldip2 and its effect on oxidative stress and the resulting inflammation were detected. Adeno-associated virus serotype 6 (AAV6) mediated Poldip2 knockdown was transfected into mice via intratracheal atomization. And A549 cells stimulated with LPS was used to further confirm our hypothesis in vitro. ML385, specifically inhibited the activation of the Nrf2 signaling pathway. Our data suggested that LPS stimulation remarkably increased protein levels of Nox4 and p-P65, activities of NADPH and MPO, and generation of ROS, TNF-α, and IL-1β while decreased protein levels of Nrf2 and HO-1 compared with those in NC shRNA + Saline group, which were obviously reversed by Poldip2 knockdown. Concomitantly, Poldip2 knockdown dramatically reduced contents of MDA and enhanced activities of SOD and GSH-Px compared to NC shRNA + LPS group. In vitro, we found that knockdown of Poldip2 significantly reversed LPS-induced increase protein levels of Nox4 and p-P65, activity of NADPH, and generation of ROS, TNF-α, and IL-1β, and decrease protein levels of Nrf2 and HO-1, ML385 pretreatment reversed the effects of Poldip2 knockdown mentioned above. Our study indicated that Poldip2 knockdown alleviates LPS-induced ALI via inhibiting Nox4/Nrf2/NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueguo Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Wenwen Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Graduate School of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Shusheng Zhou
- Department of Emergency Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Yulan Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Obed Cudjoe
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Yu Cha
- Department of Emergency Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Chunyan Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaoguang Cao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Anhui Provincial Chest Hospital, Hefei, China
| | - Kui Jin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Kui Jin,
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Dolmatova EV, Forrester SJ, Wang K, Ou Z, Williams HC, Joseph G, Kumar S, Valdivia A, Kowalczyk AP, Qu H, Jo H, Lassègue B, Hernandes MS, Griendling KK. Endothelial Poldip2 regulates sepsis-induced lung injury via Rho pathway activation. Cardiovasc Res 2022; 118:2506-2518. [PMID: 34528082 PMCID: PMC9612795 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Sepsis-induced lung injury is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Previously, we showed that heterozygous deletion of polymerase δ-interacting protein 2 (Poldip2) was protective against sepsis-induced lung injury. Since endothelial barrier disruption is thought to be the main mechanism of sepsis-induced lung injury, we sought to determine if the observed protection was specifically due to the effect of reduced endothelial Poldip2. METHODS AND RESULTS Endothelial-specific Poldip2 knock-out mice (EC-/-) and their wild-type littermates (EC+/+) were injected with saline or lipopolysaccharide (18 mg/kg) to model sepsis-induced lung injury. At 18 h post-injection mice, were euthanized and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and lung tissue were collected to assess leucocyte infiltration. Poldip2 EC-/- mice showed reduced lung leucocyte infiltration in BAL (0.21 ± 0.9×106 vs. 1.29 ± 1.8×106 cells/mL) and lung tissue (12.7 ± 1.8 vs. 23 ± 3.7% neutrophils of total number of cells) compared to Poldip2 EC+/+ mice. qPCR analysis of the lung tissue revealed a significantly dampened induction of inflammatory gene expression (TNFα 2.23 ± 0.39 vs. 4.15 ± 0.5-fold, IκBα 4.32 ± 1.53 vs. 8.97 ± 1.59-fold), neutrophil chemoattractant gene expression (CXCL1 68.8 ± 29.6 vs. 147 ± 25.7-fold, CXCL2 65 ± 25.6 vs. 215 ± 27.3-fold) and a marker of endothelial activation (VCAM1 1.25 ± 0.25 vs. 3.8 ± 0.38-fold) in Poldip2 EC-/- compared to Poldip2 EC+/+ lungs. An in vitro model using human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells was used to assess the effect of Poldip2 knock-down on endothelial activation and permeability. TNFα-induced endothelial permeability and VE-cadherin disruption were significantly reduced with siRNA-mediated knock-down of Poldip2 (5 ± 0.5 vs. 17.5 ± 3-fold for permeability, 1.5 ± 0.4 vs. 10.9 ± 1.3-fold for proportion of disrupted VE-cadherin). Poldip2 knock-down altered expression of Rho-GTPase-related genes, which correlated with reduced RhoA activation by TNFα (0.94 ± 0.05 vs. 1.29 ± 0.01 of relative RhoA activity) accompanied by redistribution of active-RhoA staining to the centre of the cell. CONCLUSION Poldip2 is a potent regulator of endothelial dysfunction during sepsis-induced lung injury, and its endothelium-specific inhibition may provide clinical benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena V Dolmatova
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University, 101 Woodruff Circle, WMB 308a, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Steven J Forrester
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University, 101 Woodruff Circle, WMB 308a, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Keke Wang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University, 101 Woodruff Circle, WMB 308a, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Ziwei Ou
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University, 101 Woodruff Circle, WMB 308a, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Holly C Williams
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University, 101 Woodruff Circle, WMB 308a, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Giji Joseph
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University, 101 Woodruff Circle, WMB 308a, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, 313 Ferst Dr NW, Atlanta, GA 30332
| | - Alejandra Valdivia
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University, 101 Woodruff Circle, WMB 308a, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Andrew P Kowalczyk
- Departments of Dermatology and Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, 700 HMC Cres Rd, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - Hongyan Qu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University, 101 Woodruff Circle, WMB 308a, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Hanjoong Jo
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, 313 Ferst Dr NW, Atlanta, GA 30332
| | - Bernard Lassègue
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University, 101 Woodruff Circle, WMB 308a, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Marina S Hernandes
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University, 101 Woodruff Circle, WMB 308a, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Kathy K Griendling
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University, 101 Woodruff Circle, WMB 308a, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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Yan X, Yang K, Xiao Q, Hou R, Pan X, Zhu X. Central role of microglia in sepsis-associated encephalopathy: From mechanism to therapy. Front Immunol 2022; 13:929316. [PMID: 35958583 PMCID: PMC9361477 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.929316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is a cognitive impairment associated with sepsis that occurs in the absence of direct infection in the central nervous system or structural brain damage. Microglia are thought to be macrophages of the central nervous system, devouring bits of neuronal cells and dead cells in the brain. They are activated in various ways, and microglia-mediated neuroinflammation is characteristic of central nervous system diseases, including SAE. Here, we systematically described the pathogenesis of SAE and demonstrated that microglia are closely related to the occurrence and development of SAE. Furthermore, we comprehensively discussed the function and phenotype of microglia and summarized their activation mechanism and role in SAE pathogenesis. Finally, this review summarizes recent studies on treating cognitive impairment in SAE by blocking microglial activation and toxic factors produced after activation. We suggest that targeting microglial activation may be a putative treatment for SAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Yan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Kaiying Yang
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qi Xiao
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Rongyao Hou
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hiser Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Rongyao Hou, ; Xudong Pan, ; Xiaoyan Zhu,
| | - Xudong Pan
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Rongyao Hou, ; Xudong Pan, ; Xiaoyan Zhu,
| | - Xiaoyan Zhu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Rongyao Hou, ; Xudong Pan, ; Xiaoyan Zhu,
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Zhao L, Li Y, Wang Y, Ge Z, Zhu H, Zhou X, Li Y. Non-hepatic Hyperammonemia: A Potential Therapeutic Target for Sepsis-associated Encephalopathy. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS DRUG TARGETS 2022; 21:738-751. [PMID: 34939553 DOI: 10.2174/1871527321666211221161534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis-Associated Encephalopathy (SAE) is a common complication in the acute phase of sepsis, and patients who develop SAE have a higher mortality rate, longer hospital stay, and worse quality of life than other sepsis patients. Although the incidence of SAE is as high as 70% in sepsis patients, no effective treatment is available for this condition. To develop an effective treatment for SAE, it is vital to explore its pathogenesis. It is known that hyperammonemia is a possible factor in the pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy as ammonia is a potent neurotoxin. Furthermore, our previous studies indicate that non-hepatic hyperammonemia seems to occur more often in sepsis patients; it was also found that >50% of sepsis patients with non-hepatic hyperammonemia exhibited encephalopathy and delirium. Substatistical analyses indicate that non-hepatic hyperammonemia is an independent risk factor for SAE. This study updates the definition, clinical manifestations, and diagnosis of SAE; it also investigates the possible treatment options available for non-hepatic hyperammonemia in patients with sepsis and the mechanisms by which non-hepatic hyperammonemia causes encephalopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Zhao
- Emergency Department, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Yun Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chifeng Municipal Hospital, Chifeng Clinical Medical College of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Chifeng 024000, China
| | - Yunying Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Chifeng Municipal Hospital, Chifeng Clinical Medical College of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Chifeng 024000, China
| | - Zengzheng Ge
- Emergency Department, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Huadong Zhu
- Emergency Department, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Xiuhua Zhou
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110032, China
| | - Yi Li
- Emergency Department, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
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Pathogenesis of sepsis-associated encephalopathy: more than blood-brain barrier dysfunction. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:10091-10099. [PMID: 35639274 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07592-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis-associated encephalopathy is a common neurological complication of sepsis and is responsible for higher mortality and poorer long-term outcomes in septic patients. Sepsis-associated encephalopathy symptoms can range from mild delirium to deep coma, which occurs in up to 70% of patients in intensive care units. The pathological changes in the brain associated with sepsis include cerebral ischaemia, cerebral haemorrhage, abscess and progressive multifocal necrotic leukoencephalopathy. Several mechanisms are involved in the pathogenesis of sepsis-associated encephalopathy, such as blood-brain barrier dysfunction, cerebral blood flow impairment, glial cell activation, leukocyte transmigration, and neurotransmitter disturbances. These events are interrelated and influence each other, therefore they do not act as independent factors. This review is focused on new evidence showing the pathological process of sepsis-associated encephalopathy.
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Zhang Y, Chen S, Tian W, Zhu H, Li W, Dai W, Zhang X, Gu X, Su D. Emerging Trends and Hot Spots in Sepsis-Associated Encephalopathy Research From 2001 to 2021: A Bibliometric Analysis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:817351. [PMID: 35295600 PMCID: PMC8918530 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.817351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Study Objectives To evaluate sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) research and to quantitatively and qualitatively predict research hot spots using bibliometric analysis. Methods We extracted relevant publications from the Web of Science Core Collection on July 28, 2021. We investigated the retrieved data by bibliometric analysis (e.g. co-cited and cluster analysis, keyword co-occurrence) using the software CiteSpace and VOSviewer, the Online Analysis Platform of Literature Metrology (http://bibliometric.com/) and Bibliometrix to analyse and predict the trends and hot spots in this field. Main Results We identified 1,582 published articles and reviews on SAE from 2001 to 2021. During this period, the number of manuscripts on SAE increased steadily and peaked in 2021. The USA and China were the leading countries that had a critical impact on SAE research. Among all institutions, Vanderbilt University and Pittsburgh University held leading positions and became central in the collaboration network. Among all the journals, Critical Care Medicine published the maximum number of manuscripts in the field of SAE within 20 years. Dal-Pizzol Felipe was the most productive author (61 papers) and received the largest number of citations (930 citations). Co-citation cluster analysis revealed that the most popular terms on SAE in the manner of cluster labels were critical illness, sepsis-associated encephalopathy, polymicrobial sepsis, posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome, rat brain, intensive care unit, prior sepsis, molecular hydrogen, inflammation drive, metabolic encephalopathies, delirium pathophysiology, and clinical neuroscience. Keyword burst detection indicated that neuroinflammation, blood-brain barrier (BBB) and mitochondria dysfunction were the current research hot spots. Conclusions Our study revealed that neuroinflammation, blood-brain barrier, and mitochondria dysfunction had been the research foci of SAE over the past 20 years. These have emerged as the basis for transformation from basic research to clinical application in finding effective methods for the prevention and treatment of SAE.
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Poldip2/Nox4 Mediates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Human Lung Epithelial Cells. Mediators Inflamm 2022; 2022:6666022. [PMID: 35140544 PMCID: PMC8818432 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6666022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
NADPH oxidase 4 (Nox4) is an important source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and its expression is increased in lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) stimulated lung epithelial cells. Polymerase δ-interacting protein 2 (Poldip2) has been proved to bind Nox4 and participates in oxidative stress and inflammation. However, the role of Poldip2/Nox4 in LPS-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in lung epithelial cells remains unclear. Cell viability was measured via MTT assays. The expression of Poldip2, Nox4, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), AKT, and p-AKT was detected by Western blotting and/or immunofluorescence. Poldip2 and Nox4 interaction was analyzed via coimmunoprecipitation (Co-IP) assay. NADPH enzymatic activity and production of ROS, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) were assessed simultaneously. The small interfering RNA (siRNA) or plasmid targeting Nox4 was used to downregulate or upregulate Nox4, and the lentiviral vector encoding Poldip2 was used to downregulate or upregulate Poldip2. The present study demonstrated that LPS stimulation significantly increased the protein levels of Poldip2 and Nox4 and proved that Poldip2 interacted with Nox4 proved by Co-IP. Importantly, Poldip2 acted as an upstream regulator of Nox4. The increased expression of Nox4 and COX-2; NADPH enzymatic activity; production of ROS, PGE2, TNF-α, and IL-1β; and decreased HO-1 expression were significantly suppressed by lentiviral Poldip2 shRNA downregulation but were increased by lentiviral upregulation of Poldip2. Furthermore, inhibiting of PI3K-AKT signaling notably attenuated LPS-induced Poldip2/Nox4 activation. Our study demonstrated that Poldip2 mediates LPS-induced oxidative stress and inflammation via interaction with Nox4 and was regulated by the PI3K-AKT signaling. Targeting Poldip2 could be a beneficial therapeutic strategy for the treatment of ALI.
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Lassègue B, Kumar S, Mandavilli R, Wang K, Tsai M, Kang DW, Demos C, Hernandes MS, San Martín A, Taylor WR, Jo H, Griendling KK. Characterization of Poldip2 knockout mice: Avoiding incorrect gene targeting. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0247261. [PMID: 34928942 PMCID: PMC8687530 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
POLDIP2 is a multifunctional protein whose roles are only partially understood. Our laboratory previously reported physiological studies performed using a mouse gene trap model, which suffered from three limitations: perinatal lethality in homozygotes, constitutive Poldip2 inactivation and inadvertent downregulation of the adjacent Tmem199 gene. To overcome these limitations, we developed a new conditional floxed Poldip2 model. The first part of the present study shows that our initial floxed mice were affected by an unexpected mutation, which was not readily detected by Southern blotting and traditional PCR. It consisted of a 305 kb duplication around Poldip2 with retention of the wild type allele and could be traced back to the original targeted ES cell clone. We offer simple suggestions to rapidly detect similar accidents, which may affect genome editing using both traditional and CRISPR-based methods. In the second part of the present study, correctly targeted floxed Poldip2 mice were generated and used to produce a new constitutive knockout line by crossing with a Cre deleter. In contrast to the gene trap model, many homozygous knockout mice were viable, in spite of having no POLDIP2 expression. To further characterize the effects of Poldip2 ablation in the vasculature, RNA-seq and RT-qPCR experiments were performed in constitutive knockout arteries. Results show that POLDIP2 inactivation affects multiple cellular processes and provide new opportunities for future in-depth study of its functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Lassègue
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Rohan Mandavilli
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Keke Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Michelle Tsai
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Dong-Won Kang
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Catherine Demos
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Marina S. Hernandes
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Alejandra San Martín
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - W. Robert Taylor
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
- Division of Cardiology, Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, GA, United States of America
| | - Hanjoong Jo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Kathy K. Griendling
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
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Peng X, Luo Z, He S, Zhang L, Li Y. Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption by Lipopolysaccharide and Sepsis-Associated Encephalopathy. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:768108. [PMID: 34804998 PMCID: PMC8599158 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.768108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
As a complex multicellular structure of the vascular system at the central nervous system (CNS), the blood-brain barrier (BBB) separates the CNS from the system circulation and regulates the influx and efflux of substances to maintain the steady-state environment of the CNS. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), the cell wall component of Gram-negative bacteria, can damage the barrier function of BBB and further promote the occurrence and development of sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE). Here, we conduct a literature review of the direct and indirect damage mechanisms of LPS to BBB and the relationship between these processes and SAE. We believe that after LPS destroys BBB, a large number of inflammatory factors and neurotoxins will enter and damage the brain tissue, which will activate brain immune cells to mediate inflammatory response and in turn further destroys BBB. This vicious circle will ultimately lead to the progression of SAE. Finally, we present a succinct overview of the treatment of SAE by restoring the BBB barrier function and summarize novel opportunities in controlling the progression of SAE by targeting the BBB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyao Peng
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Zhixuan Luo
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Shuang He
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Luhua Zhang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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Huang B, Li X, Zhu X. The Role of GM130 in Nervous System Diseases. Front Neurol 2021; 12:743787. [PMID: 34777211 PMCID: PMC8581157 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.743787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Golgi matrix protein 130 (GM130) is a Golgi-shaping protein located on the cis surface of the Golgi apparatus (GA). It is one of the most studied Golgin proteins so far. Its biological functions are involved in many aspects of life processes, including mitosis, autophagy, apoptosis, cell polarity, and directed migration at the cellular level, as well as intracellular lipid and protein transport, microtubule formation and assembly, lysosome function maintenance, and glycosylation modification. Mutation inactivation or loss of expression of GM130 has been detected in patients with different diseases. GM130 plays an important role in the development of the nervous system, but the studies on it are limited. This article reviewed the current research progress of GM130 in nervous system diseases. It summarized the physiological functions of GM130 in the occurrence and development of Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), microcephaly (MCPH), sepsis associated encephalopathy (SAE), and Ataxia, aiming to provide ideas for the further study of GM130 in nervous system disease detection and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Huang
- Operational Management Office, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Xihong Li
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China.,Emergency Department, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoshi Zhu
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
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Tian M, Wang W, Wang K, Jin P, Lenahan C, Wang Y, Tan J, Wen H, Deng S, Zhao F, Gong Y. Dexmedetomidine alleviates cognitive impairment by reducing blood-brain barrier interruption and neuroinflammation via regulating Th1/Th2/Th17 polarization in an experimental sepsis model of mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 101:108332. [PMID: 34785141 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Clinical studies have shown that dexmedetomidine (DEX) reduces mortality and inflammation in patients with sepsis, and ameliorates cognitive decline in both postoperative and critical care patients. This study aims to explain the neuroprotective effects provided by DEX in mice with cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced polymicrobial sepsis. Mice were treated with DEX intraperitoneally three times every two hours after CLP. The survival rate, body weight, and clinical scores were recorded each day. Morris water maze (MWM) and fear conditioning tests were used to evaluate cognitive function. Blood brain barrier (BBB) permeability, hippocampal inflammation, hippocampal neural apoptosis, and T helper (Th) cell subgroups were assessed. Furthermore, Atipamezole was used to verify that the potential neuroprotective effects in the sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) were mediated by DEX. Compared with the Sham group, CLP mice showed significant cognitive impairment, BBB interruption, excessive neuroinflammation, and neuronal apoptosis. These detrimental effects of CLP were attenuated by DEX. Furthermore, we found that DEX corrects peripheral Th1/Th2/Th17 shift and reduces proinflammatory cytokines in the hippocampus. Additionally, atipamezole prevented DEX's protective effect. Taken together, DEX alleviates cognitive impairments by reducing blood-brain barrier interruption and neuroinflammation by regulating Th1/Th2/Th17 polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Tian
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Central Laboratory, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Peng Jin
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Cameron Lenahan
- Burrell college of Osteopathic Medicine, Las Cruses, NM 88003 United States
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Jiaying Tan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Huimei Wen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Shuixiang Deng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Feng Zhao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Ye Gong
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.
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You L, Jiang H. Cabergoline possesses a beneficial effect on blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity against lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Bioengineered 2021; 12:8358-8369. [PMID: 34592907 PMCID: PMC8806944 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1987066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a disease induced by severe systemic inflammation and contributes to multiple acute organic dysfunctions. It is reported that disrupted blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity is involved in sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE), which can be alleviated by repairing the damaged tight junction structure. Cabergoline is a specific dopamine D2 receptor agonist developed to treat Parkinson’s disease and hyperprolactinemia and is reported to exert promising anti-inflammatory properties. The present study aimed to explore the beneficial effect of Cabergoline for the treatment of sepsis. In the animal experiments, mice were separated into 4 groups: sham, LPS (5 mg/kg), Cabergoline (0.1 mg/kg/day), and Cabergoline+LPS. We found that the increased neurological deficits, disrupted BBB integrity, elevated production of inflammatory factors, and declined expression level of zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) were observed in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated mice, all of which were significantly reversed by the administration of Cabergoline. In the in vitro model, human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs) were challenged with 1 µg/mL LPS in the presence or absence of Cabergoline (10, 20 μM) for 24 hours. The elevated cell permeability Papp value of fluorescein disodium across the HBMECs monolayer and declined trans-endothelial electrical resistance (TEER) in the LPS-treated HBMECs were significantly alleviated by Cabergoline, accompanied by the upregulation of ZO-1. In addition, wnt1 and β-catenin were found downregulated, which was reversed by Cabergoline. Importantly, the protective benefits of Cabergoline were all abolished by the overexpression of Dickkopf 3 (DKK3). Taken together, our data reveal that Cabergoline possessed a protective effect on BBB integrity against LPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina You
- Department of Gerontology, Traditional Chinese medicine hospital of Jiulongpo District in Chongqing, Chongqing, 400080, China
| | - Haidong Jiang
- Chongqing Infectious Disease Medical Center, Chongqing, 400080, China
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Liu S, Gao J, Liu K, Zhang HL. Microbiota-gut-brain axis and Alzheimer's disease: Implications of the blood-brain barrier as an intervention target. Mech Ageing Dev 2021; 199:111560. [PMID: 34411603 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2021.111560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The microbiota-gut-brain axis has emerged as a focal point of biomedical research. Alterations of gut microbiota are involved in not only various immune/inflammatory disorders but also neurological disorders including Alzheimer's disease (AD). The initial stage of the involvement of gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of AD may be the dysfunction of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Gut microbiota-derived products in the circulation can worsen the BBB integrity, easily cross the disrupted BBB and enter the brain to promote pathological changes in AD. In this review, we first summarize the current evidence of the associations among gut microbiota, AD, and BBB integrity. We then discuss the mechanism of gut microbiota on BBB dysfunction with a focus on bacteria-derived lipopolysaccharide and exosomal high-mobility group box 1. Novel insights into the modification of the BBB as an intervention approach for AD are highlighted as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Liu
- Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiguo Gao
- Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Kangding Liu
- Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| | - Hong-Liang Zhang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Shuangqing Road 83, 100085, Beijing, China.
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Gao Q, Hernandes MS. Sepsis-Associated Encephalopathy and Blood-Brain Barrier Dysfunction. Inflammation 2021; 44:2143-2150. [PMID: 34291398 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-021-01501-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis is a life-threatening clinical condition caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is a common but poorly understood neurological complication of sepsis, which is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. SAE clinical presentation may range from mild confusion and delirium to severe cognitive impairment and deep coma. Important mechanisms associated with SAE include excessive microglial activation, impaired endothelial barrier function, and blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction. Endotoxemia and pro-inflammatory cytokines produced systemically during sepsis lead to microglial and brain endothelial cell activation, tight junction downregulation, and increased leukocyte recruitment. The resulting neuroinflammation and BBB dysfunction exacerbate SAE pathology and aggravate sepsis-induced brain dysfunction. In this mini-review, recent literature surrounding some of the mediators of BBB dysfunction during sepsis is summarized. Modulation of microglial activation, endothelial cell dysfunction, and the consequent prevention of BBB permeability represent relevant therapeutic targets that may significantly impact SAE outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingzeng Gao
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, 101 Woodruff Circle, WMB 308, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Marina Sorrentino Hernandes
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, 101 Woodruff Circle, WMB 308, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
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Unda SR, Mousa H, Labagnara K, Birnbaum J, de Silva N, Wong M, Scoco AN, Haranhalli N, Altschul DJ. Gram-Negative Ventriculostomy-Associated Infections Predict Shunt Dependency in Stroke Diagnoses and Other Brain Injuries. Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown) 2021; 20:462-468. [PMID: 33448302 DOI: 10.1093/ons/opaa457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several predictors have been studied for shunt dependency after stroke and other brain injuries. However, little is known about the association between ventriculostomy-associated infections (VAIs) and impaired cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) outflow. Moreover, gram-negative (GN) VAIs induce a potent neuroinflammatory process and are clinically challenging to treat. OBJECTIVE To assess if GN-VAIs predict ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) dependency. METHODS Retrospective analysis of postprocedure infection rates was performed in 586 patients with external ventricle drainage (EVD) placed on site between 2012 and 2018. We collected sex, age, stroke and nonstroke related, location of EVD placement, type of hospital, EVD duration, and EVD exchange. RESULTS Among 586 patients requiring an EVD, 55 developed a VAI. Most were caused by gram-positive (GP) pathogens (61.8%). A total of 120 patients required a conversion from EVD to VPS. Patients with VAIs had higher rates of VPS placement (49.09% vs 17.65%, P < .001), whereas patients with GN-VAIs had significantly higher rates of EVD conversion to VPS (77.78% vs 35.29%, P = .012) compared with GP-VAIs. The multivariate analysis showed that GN-VAIs were an independent predictor for shunt dependency (odds ratio = 12.896; 95% CI 3.407-48.82, P < .001). In receiver operating characteristics analysis, those less than 44.5 yr of age and more than 12 d of EVD duration were identified as the best cutoff values to discriminate the development of GN-VAI. CONCLUSION Patients who experience a GN VAI are in greater risk of impaired CSF outflow, thus requiring VPS placement.
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Moraes CA, Zaverucha-do-Valle C, Fleurance R, Sharshar T, Bozza FA, d’Avila JC. Neuroinflammation in Sepsis: Molecular Pathways of Microglia Activation. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14050416. [PMID: 34062710 PMCID: PMC8147235 DOI: 10.3390/ph14050416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Frequently underestimated, encephalopathy or delirium are common neurological manifestations associated with sepsis. Brain dysfunction occurs in up to 80% of cases and is directly associated with increased mortality and long-term neurocognitive consequences. Although the central nervous system (CNS) has been classically viewed as an immune-privileged system, neuroinflammation is emerging as a central mechanism of brain dysfunction in sepsis. Microglial cells are major players in this setting. Here, we aimed to discuss the current knowledge on how the brain is affected by peripheral immune activation in sepsis and the role of microglia in these processes. This review focused on the molecular pathways of microglial activity in sepsis, its regulatory mechanisms, and their interaction with other CNS cells, especially with neuronal cells and circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Araújo Moraes
- Immunopharmacology Lab, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21045-900, Brazil;
| | - Camila Zaverucha-do-Valle
- National Institute of Infectious Disease Evandro Chagas, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Ministry of Health, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; (C.Z.-d.-V.); (F.A.B.)
| | - Renaud Fleurance
- UCB Biopharma SRL, 1420 Braine L’Alleud, Belgium;
- Experimental Neuropathology, Infection, and Epidemiology Department, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France;
- Université de Paris Sciences et Lettres, 75006 Paris Paris, France
| | - Tarek Sharshar
- Experimental Neuropathology, Infection, and Epidemiology Department, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France;
- Neuro-Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris-Descartes University, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Fernando Augusto Bozza
- National Institute of Infectious Disease Evandro Chagas, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Ministry of Health, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; (C.Z.-d.-V.); (F.A.B.)
- D’Or Institute for Research and Education, Rio de Janeiro 22281-100, Brazil
| | - Joana Costa d’Avila
- Immunopharmacology Lab, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21045-900, Brazil;
- School of Medicine, Universidade Iguaçu, Rio de Janeiro 26260-045, Brazil
- Correspondence:
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Eidson LN, Gao Q, Qu H, Kikuchi DS, Campos ACP, Faidley EA, Sun YY, Kuan CY, Pagano RL, Lassègue B, Tansey MG, Griendling KK, Hernandes MS. Poldip2 controls leukocyte infiltration into the ischemic brain by regulating focal adhesion kinase-mediated VCAM-1 induction. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5533. [PMID: 33692398 PMCID: PMC7970934 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84987-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is a multiphasic process involving a direct ischemic brain injury which is then exacerbated by the influx of immune cells into the brain tissue. Activation of brain endothelial cells leads to the expression of adhesion molecules such vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) on endothelial cells, further increasing leukocyte recruitment. Polymerase δ-interacting protein 2 (Poldip2) promotes brain vascular inflammation and leukocyte recruitment via unknown mechanisms. This study aimed to define the role of Poldip2 in mediating vascular inflammation and leukocyte recruitment following cerebral ischemia. Cerebral ischemia was induced in Poldip2+/+ and Poldip2+/- mice and brains were isolated and processed for flow cytometry or RT-PCR. Cultured rat brain microvascular endothelial cells were used to investigate the effect of Poldip2 depletion on focal adhesion kinase (FAK)-mediated VCAM-1 induction. Poldip2 depletion in vivo attenuated the infiltration of myeloid cells, inflammatory monocytes/macrophages and decreased the induction of adhesion molecules. Focusing on VCAM-1, we demonstrated mechanistically that FAK activation was a critical intermediary in Poldip2-mediated VCAM-1 induction. In conclusion, Poldip2 is an important mediator of endothelial dysfunction and leukocyte recruitment. Thus, Poldip2 could be a therapeutic target to improve morbidity following ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lori N Eidson
- Department of Physiology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Qingzeng Gao
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, 101 Woodruff Circle, 308-C WMB, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Hongyan Qu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, 101 Woodruff Circle, 308-C WMB, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Daniel S Kikuchi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, 101 Woodruff Circle, 308-C WMB, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Ana Carolina P Campos
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, 101 Woodruff Circle, 308-C WMB, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elizabeth A Faidley
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, 101 Woodruff Circle, 308-C WMB, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Yu-Yo Sun
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA
| | - Chia-Yi Kuan
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA
| | - Rosana L Pagano
- Department of Neuroscience, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bernard Lassègue
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, 101 Woodruff Circle, 308-C WMB, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Malú G Tansey
- Department of Physiology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, Normal Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
- Department of Neurology, Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, Normal Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Kathy K Griendling
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, 101 Woodruff Circle, 308-C WMB, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Marina S Hernandes
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, 101 Woodruff Circle, 308-C WMB, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
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