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Müller L, Di Benedetto S. Inflammaging, immunosenescence, and cardiovascular aging: insights into long COVID implications. Front Cardiovasc Med 2024; 11:1384996. [PMID: 38988667 PMCID: PMC11233824 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1384996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Aging leads to physiological changes, including inflammaging-a chronic low-grade inflammatory state with significant implications for various physiological systems, particularly for cardiovascular health. Concurrently, immunosenescence-the age-related decline in immune function, exacerbates vulnerabilities to cardiovascular pathologies in older individuals. Examining the dynamic connections between immunosenescence, inflammation, and cardiovascular aging, this mini-review aims to disentangle some of these interactions for a better understanding of their complex interplay. In the context of cardiovascular aging, the chronic inflammatory state associated with inflammaging compromises vascular integrity and function, contributing to atherosclerosis, endothelial dysfunction, arterial stiffening, and hypertension. The aging immune system's decline amplifies oxidative stress, fostering an environment conducive to atherosclerotic plaque formation. Noteworthy inflammatory markers, such as the high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, interleukin-1β, interleukin-18, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha emerge as key players in cardiovascular aging, triggering inflammatory signaling pathways and intensifying inflammaging and immunosenescence. In this review we aim to explore the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying inflammaging and immunosenescence, shedding light on their nuanced contributions to cardiovascular diseases. Furthermore, we explore the reciprocal relationship between immunosenescence and inflammaging, revealing a self-reinforcing cycle that intensifies cardiovascular risks. This understanding opens avenues for potential therapeutic targets to break this cycle and mitigate cardiovascular dysfunction in aging individuals. Furthermore, we address the implications of Long COVID, introducing an additional layer of complexity to the relationship between aging, immunosenescence, inflammaging, and cardiovascular health. Our review aims to stimulate continued exploration and advance our understanding within the realm of aging and cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludmila Müller
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
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Duan H, Sun Q, Chen C, Wang R, Yan W. A Review: The Effect of Bovine Colostrum on Immunity in People of All Ages. Nutrients 2024; 16:2007. [PMID: 38999755 PMCID: PMC11242949 DOI: 10.3390/nu16132007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Bovine colostrum provides newborn calves with strong passive immunity, which will further affect the immunity of their offspring. Compared with other commercial dairy products, bovine colostrum emphasizes the limit of aflatoxin M1, pathogenic bacteria, microorganisms, antibiotics, stimulants, and other items, so it is safe to use. There are many reports that the use of bovine colostrum as a breast milk fortifier for preterm infants provides necessary immune support for premature infants, but the selection of bovine colostrum products chosen must be free of Bacillus cereus because they are very dangerous for premature infants. This also emphasizes that for the bovine colostrum that is used in preterm infants, more clinical research support is needed. At the same time, it should also be emphasized that the composition of BC is different from that of human colostrum, in particular, the main protein of BC is casein, while the main protein in breast milk is whey protein, especially α-lactalbumin, which together with ovalbumin is still the reference protein with the best biological value, especially for muscles. Therefore, bovine colostrum is currently not a complete substitute for breast milk. In recent years, in addition to reports of bovine colostrum use in preterm infants, studies have also found that bovine colostrum has immunomodulatory and promoting effects in adolescents, adults, and the elderly. This suggests that bovine colostrum has the potential to provide appropriate immune support for people of all ages. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the quality of nutritional characteristics of bovine colostrum on three dimensions. The effects of bovine colostrum on people of all ages is a narrative review of the effects of bovine colostrum on immunity in people of all ages. This review identified several classes of immunoactive substances in bovine colostrum, including immunoglobulins, cytokines, and enzymes, and compared the nutritional composition of bovine colostrum with mature milk, colostrum and mature milk in full-term breast milk, and colostrum and mature milk in preterm breast milk, to demonstrate that bovine colostrum provides a rich range of immunoactive components. In addition, the influencing factors affecting the quality of bovine colostrum (immunoglobulin) were reviewed, and it was found that individual differences, environmental factors, and processing methods had a great impact on the quality of BC. More importantly, the immunomodulatory effects of bovine colostrum in people of all ages were reviewed in detail (with an emphasis on preterm infants and immunocompromised children in neonates) as evidence to support the immunity effects of colostrum in people of all ages. This review hopes to use the above evidence to make people understand the health role of bovine colostrum as having a human immunomodulatory effect, and at the same time, when seeing the potential value of bovine colostrum in the future, the limitations of its application should also be deeply re-explored, such as lactose intolerance, allergies, etc., to provide effective solutions for the wide application of bovine colostrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Duan
- College of Biochemical Engineering, Beijing Union University, Beijing 100023, China;
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Food, Beijing Union University, Beijing 100023, China
| | - Qian Sun
- Native Nutrition and Medical Research Institute, Tianmeijian Biotechnology (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing 100101, China
- Research and Development Center, Jiangsu Tianmeijian Nature Bioengineering Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210038, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Native Nutrition and Medical Research Institute, Tianmeijian Biotechnology (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing 100101, China
| | - Rongchang Wang
- Research and Development Center, Jiangsu Tianmeijian Nature Bioengineering Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210038, China
- Research and Development Center, Nanjing Daily Nutrition Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Nanjing 211215, China
| | - Wenjie Yan
- College of Biochemical Engineering, Beijing Union University, Beijing 100023, China;
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Food, Beijing Union University, Beijing 100023, China
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Collins CP, Longo DL, Murphy WJ. The immunobiology of SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccine responses: potential influences of cross-reactive memory responses and aging on efficacy and off-target effects. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1345499. [PMID: 38469293 PMCID: PMC10925677 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1345499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Immune responses to both SARS-CoV-2 infection and its associated vaccines have been highly variable within the general population. The increasing evidence of long-lasting symptoms after resolution of infection, called post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) or "Long COVID," suggests that immune-mediated mechanisms are at play. Closely related endemic common human coronaviruses (hCoV) can induce pre-existing and potentially cross-reactive immunity, which can then affect primary SARS-CoV-2 infection, as well as vaccination responses. The influence of pre-existing immunity from these hCoVs, as well as responses generated from original CoV2 strains or vaccines on the development of new high-affinity responses to CoV2 antigenic viral variants, needs to be better understood given the need for continuous vaccine adaptation and application in the population. Due in part to thymic involution, normal aging is associated with reduced naïve T cell compartments and impaired primary antigen responsiveness, resulting in a reliance on the pre-existing cross-reactive memory cell pool which may be of lower affinity, restricted in diversity, or of shorter duration. These effects can also be mediated by the presence of down-regulatory anti-idiotype responses which also increase in aging. Given the tremendous heterogeneity of clinical data, utilization of preclinical models offers the greatest ability to assess immune responses under a controlled setting. These models should now involve prior antigen/viral exposure combined with incorporation of modifying factors such as age on immune responses and effects. This will also allow for mechanistic dissection and understanding of the different immune pathways involved in both SARS-CoV-2 pathogen and potential vaccine responses over time and how pre-existing memory responses, including potential anti-idiotype responses, can affect efficacy as well as potential off-target effects in different tissues as well as modeling PASC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig P. Collins
- Graduate Program in Immunology, University of California (UC) Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Dan L. Longo
- Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - William J. Murphy
- Departments of Dermatology and Internal Medicine (Hematology/Oncology), University of California (UC) Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, United States
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Lee J, Ryu H. Usability of a new digital walking program for older adults: a pilot study. BMC Geriatr 2023; 23:193. [PMID: 37003966 PMCID: PMC10066025 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-023-03739-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Walking has been emphasized as an important solution for preventing isolation among older adults, especially given the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, and various methods are being proposed to promote walking in this population. In this study, a walking exercise program for the elderly was developed using various latest technologies, and the effectiveness and influencing factors of the program were evaluated. METHOD The walking program for older adults was designed using mHealth devices, social media application, and gamified elements to prevent isolation. Twelve participants were recruited via an online community of retired individuals. This one-year study involved a one-group repeated measures experimental design; an online questionnaire was conducted four times along with a focus group interview. RESULT The results showed that the e-health literacy of the 12 participants increased, while Wearable Device App Literacy/Usability, digital health self-efficacy, and walking program evaluation showed a decline. In the focus group interview, participants expressed their appreciation for this program, ways to overcome its limitations, and expectations for the next program. CONCLUSION This study confirmed the positive effect of the online walking program for retired older adults, indicating that an online-offline convergence program suitable for the "COVID-19 era" will be necessary in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisan Lee
- Department of Nursing, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeongju Ryu
- Department of Nursing, Konkuk University, Chungju, Republic of Korea.
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Uddin MA, Islam MA, Rahman AKMA, Rahman MM, Khasruzzaman AKM, Ward MP, Hossain MT. Epidemiological investigation of lumpy skin disease outbreaks in Bangladeshi cattle during 2019-2020. Transbound Emerg Dis 2022; 69:3397-3404. [PMID: 36053488 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is an acute infectious viral disease of cattle with a wide distribution that emerged in Bangladesh in 2019, causing huge economic losses. This study was undertaken to investigate the epidemiological features of LSD emergence in nine districts of Bangladesh between December 2019 and December 2020. A total of 8215 cattle from 603 herds were investigated and LSD was diagnosed based on the characteristic clinical findings. A standard questionnaire was administered to collect herd-level data including location, herd size, number of LSD-infected cattle, number died due to LSD, farm type, season, house type, vector presence, sanitation and fly repellent use. Similarly, data on clinical signs, sex, age, animal class and breed of the LSD-infected cattle were also recorded. The herd-level attack risk (%) and mortality risk (%) were calculated based on the number of infected and dead cattle, respectively, as a proportion of total cattle. The herd-level risk factors for LSD were identified using a multivariable Poisson regression model. The most common clinical signs were skin nodules (100%), fever (97.9%) and depression with anorexia and weight loss (97.9%). Crossbred (84.9%) and female (72.2%) cattle were mostly affected by LSD. The overall LSD attack risk, mortality risk and case fatality were 26.5%, 0.26% and 0.97%, respectively. The LSD attack risk was significantly higher in small herds (risk ratio: [RR] 1.39; 95% CI: 1.27; 1.53) than large herds. In addition, significantly higher LSD attack risk was observed in semi-intensive management systems (RR = 1.29; 95% CI: 1.01; 1.64) than intensive management systems. Moreover, it was also significantly higher in hut (RR = 1.81; 95% CI: 1.12; 2.92), temporary (RR = 1.62; 95% CI: 1.21; 2.17) and tin-shed houses (RR = 1.29; 95% CI: 1.11; 1.51) than in semi-building houses. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first detailed epidemiological study of LSD emergence in South Asia. Female crossbred cattle in small herds under semi-intensive management should be prioritized for LSD surveillance and vaccination to prevent further outbreaks and control the impact of the disease in Bangladesh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Asir Uddin
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Md Alimul Islam
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - A K M Anisur Rahman
- Department of Medicine, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Mohummad Muklesur Rahman
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - A K M Khasruzzaman
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Michael P Ward
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Camden, New South Wales, Australia
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Al Saedi A, Kirk B, Iuliano S, Zanker J, Vogrin S, Jayaram L, Thomas S, Golding C, Navarro-Perez D, Marusic P, Leng S, Nanan R, Duque G. Effects of 3 months of multi-nutrient supplementation on the immune system and muscle and respiratory function of older adults in aged care (The Pomerium Study): protocol for a randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e059075. [PMID: 35523505 PMCID: PMC9082724 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-059075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Immunosenescence leads to increased morbidity and mortality associated with viral infections and weaker vaccine responses. This has been well documented for seasonal influenza and the current pandemic with SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19), which disproportionately impact older adults, particularly those in residential aged care facilities. Inadequate nutrient intakes associated with impaired immunity, respiratory and muscle function are likely to augment the effects of immunosenescence. In this study, we test whether the impact of inadequate nutrition can be reversed using multi-nutrient supplementation, consequently enhancing vaccine responses, reducing the risk of viral infections and improving respiratory and muscle function. METHODS AND ANALYSIS The Pomerium Study is a 3-month, single-blind, randomised, controlled trial testing the effects of two daily servings of an oral multi-nutrient supplement (330 kcal, 20 g protein, 1.5 g calcium 3-hydroxy-3-methylbutyrate monohydrate (CaHMB), 449 mg calcium, 500 IU vitamin D3 and 25 vitamins and minerals) on the immune system and muscle and respiratory function of older adults in aged care in Melbourne, Australia. 160 older adults (≥75 years old) will be recruited from aged care facilities and randomised to treatment (multi-nutrient supplement) or control (usual care). The primary outcome is a change in T-cell subsets CD8 + and CD28null counts at months 1 and 3. Secondary outcomes measured at baseline and month 3 are multiple markers of immunosenescence (also at 1 month), body composition (bioimpedance), handgrip strength (dynamometer), physical function (short physical performance battery), respiratory function (spirometry) and quality of life (EQ-5D-5L). Incidence and complications of COVID-19 and/or viral infections (ie, hospitalisation, complications or death) will be recorded throughout the trial, including 3 months after supplementation is ceased. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This study was approved by Melbourne Health Human Research Ethics Committee (Ref No. HREC/73985/MH-2021, ERM Ref No. RMH73985, Melbourne Health Site Ref No. 2021.115). Written informed consent will be obtained from participants. Results will be published in peer-reviewed journals and made available to key aged care stakeholders, including providers, residents, and government bodies. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ACTRN12621000420842.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Al Saedi
- Medicine-Western Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), St Albans, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ben Kirk
- Medicine-Western Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), St Albans, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sandra Iuliano
- Medicine-Western Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), St Albans, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jesse Zanker
- Medicine-Western Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), St Albans, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sara Vogrin
- Medicine-Western Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), St Albans, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lata Jayaram
- Medicine-Western Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Shane Thomas
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), St Albans, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christine Golding
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Diana Navarro-Perez
- Medicine-Western Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), St Albans, Victoria, Australia
| | - Petra Marusic
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), St Albans, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sean Leng
- Johns Hopkins Center on Aging and Immune Remodeling, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ralph Nanan
- Nepean Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Gustavo Duque
- Medicine-Western Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), St Albans, Victoria, Australia
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Administering Geriatric Pneumonia Cases without Waiting for CRP Results, is It Practicable? JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.16899/jcm.955434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Bartleson JM, Radenkovic D, Covarrubias AJ, Furman D, Winer DA, Verdin E. SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 and the Ageing Immune System. NATURE AGING 2021; 1:769-782. [PMID: 34746804 PMCID: PMC8570568 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-021-00114-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is a global health threat with particular risk for severe disease and death in older adults and in adults with age-related metabolic and cardiovascular disease. Recent advances in the science of ageing have highlighted how ageing pathways control not only lifespan but also healthspan, the healthy years of life. Here, we discuss the ageing immune system and its ability to respond to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). We specifically focus on the intersect of severe COVID-19 and immunosenescence to highlight pathways that may be determinant for the risk of complications and death following infection with SARS-CoV-2. New or adapted therapeutics that target ageing-associated pathways may be important tools to reduce the burden of death and long-term disability caused by this pandemic. Proposed interventions aimed at immunosenescence could enhance immune function not only in the elderly but in susceptible younger individuals as well, ultimately improving complications of severe COVID-19 for all ages.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dina Radenkovic
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
- Hooke, Health, Longevity Optimisation, London, UK
| | - Anthony J Covarrubias
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - David Furman
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA
| | | | - Eric Verdin
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA.
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Bonanno L, Attili I, Pavan A, Sepulcri M, Pasello G, Rea F, Guarneri V, Conte P. Treatment strategies for locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer in elderly patients: Translating scientific evidence into clinical practice. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2021; 163:103378. [PMID: 34087343 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2021.103378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment of locally advanced NSCLC (LA-NSCLC) is focused on multimodal strategy, including chemotherapy and radiotherapy (in combination or as alternative treatments), followed by surgery in selected cases. Recently, durvalumab consolidation after definitive chemo-radiation has shown a meaningful overall survival benefit. However, it is important to note that elderly patients represent a high proportion of NSCLC population and frailty and comorbidities can significantly limit treatment options. Indeed, elderly patients are under-represented in clinical trials and data to drive treatment selection in this category of patients are scanty. Available data, main issues and controversies on multimodal treatment in elderly LA-NSCLC patients will be reviewed in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Bonanno
- Medical Oncology 2, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IRCCS, Padova, Italy.
| | - Ilaria Attili
- Division of Thoracic Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCSS, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Pavan
- Medical Oncology 2, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IRCCS, Padova, Italy
| | - Matteo Sepulcri
- Radiotherapy, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IOV IRCCS, Padova, Italy
| | - Giulia Pasello
- Medical Oncology 2, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IRCCS, Padova, Italy; Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Federico Rea
- Thoracic Surgery, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery and Vascular Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Valentina Guarneri
- Medical Oncology 2, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IRCCS, Padova, Italy; Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - PierFranco Conte
- Medical Oncology 2, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IRCCS, Padova, Italy; Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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Effects of zinc status on age-related T cell dysfunction and chronic inflammation. Biometals 2021; 34:291-301. [PMID: 33392795 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-020-00279-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Age-related T cell dysfunction contributes to immunosenescence and chronic inflammation. Aging is also associated with a progressive decline in zinc status. Zinc is an essential micronutrient critical for immune function. A significant portion of the older populations are at risk for marginal zinc deficiency. The combined impact of dietary zinc deficiency and age on immune dysfunction has not been well explored despite the common occurrence together in the elderly population. We hypothesize that age-related zinc loss contributes to T cell dysfunction and chronic inflammation in the elderly and is exacerbated by inadequate dietary intake and improved with zinc supplementation. Using an aging mouse model, the effects of marginal zinc deficiency and zinc supplementation on Th1/Th17/proinflammatory cytokine profiles and CD4+ T cell naïve/memory phenotypes were examined. In the first study, young (2 months) and old (24 months) C57BL/6 mice were fed a zinc adequate (ZA) or marginally zinc deficient (MZD) diets for 6 weeks. In the second study, mice were fed a ZA or zinc supplemented (ZS) diet for 6 weeks. MZD old mice had significant increase in LPS-induced IL6 compared to ZA old mice. In contrast, ZS old mice had significantly reduced plasma MCP1 levels, reduced T cell activation-induced IFNγ, IL17, and TNFα response, as well as increased naïve CD4+ T-cell subset compared to ZA old mice. Our data suggest that zinc deficiency is an important contributing factor in immune aging, and improving zinc status can in part reverse immune dysfunction and reduce chronic inflammation associated with aging.
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Ghram A, Briki W, Mansoor H, Al-Mohannadi AS, Lavie CJ, Chamari K. Home-based exercise can be beneficial for counteracting sedentary behavior and physical inactivity during the COVID-19 pandemic in older adults. Postgrad Med 2020; 133:469-480. [PMID: 33275479 DOI: 10.1080/00325481.2020.1860394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The novel pandemic called coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), as a global public health emergency, seems to be having a major impact on physical activity (PA) behaviors. Older adults are at high risk of death from the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV-2). Health authorities around the world have been implementing preventive health measures, including quarantine and self-isolation, to mitigate the COVID-19 outbreak. This period is characterized by the cessation of outdoor exercising. During this period of lockdown, PA has been one of the rare reasons for going out in some countries. To avoid the harmful effects of periods of exercise cessation, PA could be prescribed to older adults, which is of great importance for breaking their sedentary lifestyle and improving their immunity. The present review discusses the potential impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on sedentary behavior and physical inactivity in older adults. The importance of performing PA to reduce the harmful effects of the COVID-19 pandemic is discussed, and useful recommendations on home-based exercise for the older adults to maintain their level of independence, physical and mental health as well as their well-being are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amine Ghram
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Cardiac Rehabilitation, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Walid Briki
- Sport Science Program, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hend Mansoor
- College of Health and Life Sciences,Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Abdulla Saeed Al-Mohannadi
- Research and Scientific Support Department, Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Qatar.,World Innovation Summit for Health (WISH), Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Carl J Lavie
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, John Ochsner Heart and Vascular Institute, Ochsner Clinical School the University of Queensland School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Karim Chamari
- Aspetar, Qatar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar
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Ramos MS, Xu LT, Singuri S, Castillo Tafur JC, Arepalli S, Ehlers JP, Kaiser PK, Singh RP, Rachitskaya AV, Srivastava SK, Sears JE, Schachat AP, Babiuch AS, Sharma S, Martin DF, Lowder CY, Singh AD, Yuan A, Nowacki AS. Patient-Reported Complications after Intravitreal Injection and Their Predictive Factors. Ophthalmol Retina 2020; 5:625-632. [PMID: 33059077 PMCID: PMC7548755 DOI: 10.1016/j.oret.2020.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The intravitreal injection (IVI) of pharmacologic agents is the most commonly performed ocular procedure and is associated with a host of complications. Most IVI-related complications data are derived from randomized controlled clinical trials, which report a high adverse event rate. The nature of these protocol-driven trials limit their applicability to the diverse circumstances seen in routine clinical practice. The goal of this study was to determine the prevalence of patient-reported IVI-related complications, their risk factors, and the manner in which patients sought treatment at a tertiary eye care center. Design Retrospective, institutional review board–approved study. Participants Forty-four thousand seven hundred thirty-four injections in 5318 unique patients at the Cleveland Clinic Cole Eye Institute from 2012 through 2016. Methods Intravitreal injection. Main Outcome Measures Complication occurrence within 15 days of injection. Results From 2012 through 2016, a total of 44734 injections were performed in 5318 unique patients. Overall, complication rates were low, representing 1.9% of all injections, with 1031 unique complications in 685 patients (12.9%). The most common minor complications, or those not requiring intervention, were irritation (n = 312) and subconjunctival hemorrhage (n = 284). The most common serious complications, or those requiring intervention, were corneal abrasion (n = 46) and iritis (n = 31). Most complications (66%) were managed adequately by a telephone or Epic (Epic Systems Corp., Verona, WI) electronic message encounter only. Importantly, no injection protocol parameter, such as type of anesthesia, preparation, or post-injection medication, increased the risk of a complication. However, a patient’s gender, age, number of previous injections, and provider strongly influenced the risk of patient-reported complications. Conclusions Overall, complication rates seen in routine clinical practice were low compared with clinical trial reporting. Providers should feel confident in the safety and administration of IVI during times when follow-up office visits and resources may be limited. When performing an IVI, factors such as a patient’s gender, age, number of previous injections, and provider must be taken into account to ensure the best possible outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Ramos
- Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Lucy T Xu
- Emory Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Srinidhi Singuri
- Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
| | | | - Sruthi Arepalli
- Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Justis P Ehlers
- Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Peter K Kaiser
- Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Rishi P Singh
- Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
| | | | | | - Jonathan E Sears
- Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
| | | | - Amy S Babiuch
- Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Sumit Sharma
- Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Daniel F Martin
- Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Careen Y Lowder
- Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Arun D Singh
- Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Alex Yuan
- Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio.
| | - Amy S Nowacki
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
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The conundrum of human immune system "senescence". Mech Ageing Dev 2020; 192:111357. [PMID: 32949594 PMCID: PMC7494491 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2020.111357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Biomarkers of human immunosenescence are discussed. Longitudinal studies are essential. Associations of immune markers in older adults with clinical outcome are context-dependent. There are no universal biomarkers of human immunosenescence. There are common age-associated changes to peripheral immune markers in humans.
There is a great deal of debate on the question of whether or not we know what ageing is (Ref. Cohen et al., 2020). Here, we consider what we believe to be the especially confused and confusing case of the ageing of the human immune system, commonly referred to as “immunosenescence”. But what exactly is meant by this term? It has been used loosely in the literature, resulting in a certain degree of confusion as to its definition and implications. Here, we argue that only those differences in immune parameters between younger and older adults that are associated in some definitive manner with detrimental health outcomes and/or impaired survival prospects should be classed as indicators of immunosenescence in the strictest sense of the word, and that in humans we know remarkably little about their identity. Such biomarkers of immunosenescence may nonetheless indicate beneficial effects in other contexts, consistent with the notion of antagonistic pleiotropy. Identifying what could be true immunosenescence in this respect requires examining: (1) what appears to correlate with age, though generality across human populations is not yet confirmed; (2) what clearly is part of a suite of canonical changes in the immune system that happen with age; (3) which subset of those changes accelerates rather than slows aging; and (4) all changes, potentially population-specific, that accelerate agig. This remains an immense challenge. These questions acquire an added urgency in the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, given the clearly greater susceptibility of older adults to COVID-19.
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Immunological and Virological Responses in Older HIV-Infected Adults Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy: An Evidence-Based Meta-Analysis. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2020; 83:323-333. [PMID: 31913990 DOI: 10.1097/qai.0000000000002266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Millions of people living with the HIV have received antiretroviral therapy (ART). Older adults make up a significant portion of these individuals; however, the immunological and virological responses to ART for older patients still need to be clarified. DESIGN Meta-analysis. METHODS In this article, we systematically reviewed research articles published between 2001 and 2018 that reported immunological and virological responses and AIDS-related mortality among HIV- infected adults (including individuals aged 50 years and older) receiving ART, using meta-analysis. ART efficiency was measured using 3 outcomes: (1) immunological response, (2) virological response, and (3) mortality. RESULTS We identified 4937 citations, and 40 studies were eventually selected to investigate ART efficiency in older HIV-infected patients, comprising more than 888,151 patients initiating ART. We report that older patients showed poor immunological responses, with CD4 counts and the restoration of CD4 counts after ART initiation being significantly lower than seen in younger patients. However, older patients exhibited better viral suppression rates (risk ratio: 1.04; 95% confidence intervals: 1.01 to 1.08) after 36 months following ART initiation. In addition, older adults had a higher risk of AIDS-related death (adjusted hazard ratio: 1.44, 95% confidence interval: 1.30 to 1.60). CONCLUSIONS Older age after ART initiation was associated with a poorer immunological response and a higher risk of mortality, suggesting the need to increase early diagnosis and treatment among older HIV patients.
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15
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Cardiovascular involvement during COVID-19 and clinical implications in elderly patients. A review. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2020; 57:236-243. [PMID: 32802325 PMCID: PMC7403130 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2020.07.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 betacoronavirus is responsible for the Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) which has relevant pathogenic implications for the cardiovascular system. Incidence and severity of COVID-19 are higher in the elderly population (65 years and older). This may be due to higher frequency of comorbidities, but increased frailty and immunosenescence linked with aging may also contribute. Moreover, in elderly individuals, SARS-CoV-2 may adopt different molecular strategies to strongly impact on cardiac aging that culminate in exacerbating a pro-inflammatory state (cytokine storm activation), which, in turn, may lead to pulmonary vascular endothelialitis, microangiopathy, diffuse thrombosis, myocarditis, heart failure, cardiac arrhythmias, and acute coronary syndromes. All these events are particularly relevant in elderly patients, and deserve targeted cardiovascular treatments and specific management of repurposed drugs against COVID-19. We discuss current evidence about the cardiovascular involvement during COVID-19, and elaborate on clinical implications in elderly patients. SARS-CoV-2 infection has relevant pathogenic implications for the heart, mainly in elderly patients. Common cardiometabolic comorbidities and aging strongly contribute to higher frequency and severity of disease in elderly. SARS-CoV-2 may directly and indirectly damage the heart leading to multi-organ failure and death. Network-oriented analysis are providing novel insight about SARS-CoV-2 pathogenic mechanisms and putative drug targets.
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Amatriain-Fernández S, Gronwald T, Murillo-Rodríguez E, Imperatori C, Solano AF, Latini A, Budde H. Physical Exercise Potentials Against Viral Diseases Like COVID-19 in the Elderly. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:379. [PMID: 32714938 PMCID: PMC7351507 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Amatriain-Fernández
- Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
- Department of Pedagogy, Faculty of Human Sciences, Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Gronwald
- Department of Performance, Neuroscience, Therapy and Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Claudio Imperatori
- Cognitive and Clinical Psychology Laboratory, Department of Human Science, European University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alexandre Francisco Solano
- Laboratório de Bioenergética e Estresse Oxidativo - LABOX, Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Alexandra Latini
- Laboratório de Bioenergética e Estresse Oxidativo - LABOX, Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Henning Budde
- Department of Pedagogy, Faculty of Human Sciences, Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
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Napoli C, Tritto I, Mansueto G, Coscioni E, Ambrosio G. Immunosenescence exacerbates the COVID-19. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2020; 90:104174. [PMID: 32653765 PMCID: PMC7333612 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2020.104174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Napoli
- Clinical Department of Internal Medicine and Specialistic Units, Division of Clinical Immunology, Immunohematology, and Transplantation and University Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy; IRCCS SDN, Naples, Italy.
| | - Isabella Tritto
- Cardiology and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria "S. Maria della Misericordia", University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Gelsomina Mansueto
- Clinical Department of Internal Medicine and Specialistic Units, Division of Clinical Immunology, Immunohematology, and Transplantation and University Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Enrico Coscioni
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona, Salerno, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ambrosio
- Cardiology and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria "S. Maria della Misericordia", University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy; Cardiovascular Department, MultiMedica IRCCS, Sesto San Giovanni, Milan, Italy
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Zhavoronkov A. Geroprotective and senoremediative strategies to reduce the comorbidity, infection rates, severity, and lethality in gerophilic and gerolavic infections. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:6492-6510. [PMID: 32229705 PMCID: PMC7202545 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The recently identified SARS-CoV-2 betacoronavirus responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic has uncovered the age-associated vulnerability in the burden of disease and put aging research in the spotlight. The limited data available indicates that COVID-19 should be referred to as a gerolavic (from Greek, géros "old man" and epilavís, "harmful") infection because the infection rates, severity, and lethality are substantially higher in the population aged 60 and older. This is primarily due to comorbidity but may be partially due to immunosenescence, decreased immune function in the elderly, and general loss of function, fitness, and increased frailty associated with aging. Immunosenescence is a major factor affecting vaccination response, as well as the severity and lethality of infectious diseases. While vaccination reduces infection rates, and therapeutic interventions reduce the severity and lethality of infections, these interventions have limitations. Previous studies showed that postulated geroprotectors, such as sirolimus (rapamycin) and its close derivative rapalog everolimus (RAD001), decreased infection rates in a small sample of elderly patients. This article presents a review of the limited literature available on geroprotective and senoremediative interventions that may be investigated to decrease the disease burden of gerolavic infections. This article also highlights a need for rigorous clinical validation of deep aging clocks as surrogate markers of biological age. These could be used to assess the need for, and efficacy of, geroprotective and senoremediative interventions and provide better protection for elderly populations from gerolavic infections. This article does not represent medical advice and the medications described are not yet licensed or recommended as immune system boosters, as they have not undergone clinical evaluation for this purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Zhavoronkov
- Insilico Medicine, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park (HKSTP), Tai Po, Hong Kong
- The Biogerontology Research Foundation, London, UK
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19
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Thomas R, Wang W, Su DM. Contributions of Age-Related Thymic Involution to Immunosenescence and Inflammaging. IMMUNITY & AGEING 2020; 17:2. [PMID: 31988649 PMCID: PMC6971920 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-020-0173-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Immune system aging is characterized by the paradox of immunosenescence (insufficiency) and inflammaging (over-reaction), which incorporate two sides of the same coin, resulting in immune disorder. Immunosenescence refers to disruption in the structural architecture of immune organs and dysfunction in immune responses, resulting from both aged innate and adaptive immunity. Inflammaging, described as a chronic, sterile, systemic inflammatory condition associated with advanced age, is mainly attributed to somatic cellular senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) and age-related autoimmune predisposition. However, the inability to reduce senescent somatic cells (SSCs), because of immunosenescence, exacerbates inflammaging. Age-related adaptive immune system deviations, particularly altered T cell function, are derived from age-related thymic atrophy or involution, a hallmark of thymic aging. Recently, there have been major developments in understanding how age-related thymic involution contributes to inflammaging and immunosenescence at the cellular and molecular levels, including genetic and epigenetic regulation, as well as developments of many potential rejuvenation strategies. Herein, we discuss the research progress uncovering how age-related thymic involution contributes to immunosenescence and inflammaging, as well as their intersection. We also describe how T cell adaptive immunity mediates inflammaging and plays a crucial role in the progression of age-related neurological and cardiovascular diseases, as well as cancer. We then briefly outline the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms of age-related thymic involution, and finally summarize potential rejuvenation strategies to restore aged thymic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Thomas
- Cell Biology, Immunology, and Microbiology Graduate Program, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Fort Worth, Texas 76107 USA
| | - Weikan Wang
- Cell Biology, Immunology, and Microbiology Graduate Program, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Fort Worth, Texas 76107 USA
| | - Dong-Ming Su
- 2Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Genetics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas 76107 USA
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20
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Frailty is associated with elevated CRP trajectories and higher numbers of neutrophils and monocytes. Exp Gerontol 2019; 125:110674. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2019.110674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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21
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Gliotoxin Aggravates Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis by Triggering Neuroinflammation. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:toxins11080443. [PMID: 31357414 PMCID: PMC6722733 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11080443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Gliotoxin (GTX) is the major and the most potent mycotoxin that is secreted by Aspergillus fumigatus, which is capable of injuring and killing microglial cells, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes. During the last years, studies with patients and experimental models of multiple sclerosis (MS), which is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS), suggested that fungal infections are among the possible initiators or aggravators of this pathology. The deleterious effect can occur through a direct interaction of the fungus with the CNS or by the toxin release from a non-neurological site. In the present work, we investigated the effect of GTX on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) development. Female C57BL/6 mice were immunized with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein and then intraperitoneally injected with three doses of GTX (1 mg/kg b.w., each) on days 4, 7, and 10. GTX aggravated clinical symptoms of the disease in a dose-dependent way and this outcome was concomitant with an increased neuroinflammation. CNS analyses revealed that GTX locally increased the relative expression of inflammatory genes and the cytokine production. Our results indicate that GTX administered in a non-neuronal site was able to increase neuroinflammation in EAE. Other mycotoxins could also be deleterious to many neurological diseases by similar mechanisms.
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22
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Roca F, Lang PO, Chassagne P. Chronic neurological disorders and related comorbidities: Role of age-associated physiological changes. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2019; 167:105-122. [PMID: 31753128 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-804766-8.00007-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Current knowledge indicates that the physiological aging process starts with subclinical changes at the molecular and cellular level, which affect nearly all physiological systems. For example, the age-associated remodeling of the immune system (i.e., immunosenescence) and vascular aging per se can contribute to frailty and vulnerability among older adults. They are also described as being implicated in the pathophysiology of some major chronic comorbid conditions such as age-associated diseases of the central (e.g., stroke, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and related disorders) and peripheral (e.g., polyneuropathy) nervous systems. These neurologic disorders are also among the greatest contributors to geriatric syndromes, which refer to highly prevalent and chronic conditions among aged people of multifactorial origin, such as delirium, falls, incontinence, and frailty. Neurologic disorders can also occur in patients with one or more geriatric syndromes and thus further interfere with the quality of life, physical function, morbidity, and mortality. This chapter presents and discusses in three sections the complex interrelationships between the main determinants of aging with a specific focus on vascular aging, chronic neurologic disorders, and the specific clinical presentation of geriatric syndromes in older people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Roca
- Geriatric Internal Medicine Division, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | | | - Philippe Chassagne
- Geriatric Internal Medicine Division, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France.
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23
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Wang C, Pu R, Ghose B, Tang S. Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain, Self-Reported Health and Quality of Life among Older Populations in South Africa and Uganda. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:E2806. [PMID: 30544694 PMCID: PMC6313678 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15122806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Chronic musculoskeletal pain (CMP) is a serious health concern especially among the elderly population and has significant bearing on health and quality of life. Not much is known about the relationship between chronic pain with self-reported health and quality of life among older populations in low-resource settings. Based on sub-national data from South Africa and Uganda, the present study aimed to explore whether the older population living with CMP report health and quality of life differently compared to those with no CMP complaints. This study was based on cross-sectional data on 1495 South African and Ugandan men and women collected from the SAGE Well-Being of Older People Study. Outcome variables were self-reported physical and mental health and quality of life (QoL). Mental health was assessed by self-reported depressive symptoms during the last 12 months. CMP was assessed by self-reported generalised pain as well as back pain. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to measure the association between health and QoL with CMP by adjusting for potential demographic and environmental confounders. The prevalence of poor self-rated health (61.2%, 95% CI = 51.7, 70.0), depression (37.2%, 95% CI = 34.8, 39.6) and QoL (80.5%, 95% CI = 70.8, 87.5) was considerably high in the study population. Mild/moderate and Severe/extreme generalised pain were reported respectively by 34.5% (95% CI = 28.9, 40.5) and 15.7% (95% CI = 12.2, 19.9) of the respondents, while back pain was reported by 53.3% (95% CI = 45.8, 60.4). The prevalence of both types was significantly higher among women than in men (p < 0.001). In the multivariate analysis, both generalised pain and back pain significantly predicted poor health, depression and QoL, however, it varied between the two different populations. Back pain was associated with higher odds of poor self-rated health [OR = 1.813, 95% CI = 1.308, 2.512], depression [1.640, 95% CI = 1.425, 3.964] and poor QoL [1.505, 95% CI = 1.028, 2.202] in South Africa, but not in Uganda. Compared to having no generalised pain, having Mild/Moderate [OR = 2.309, 95% CI = 1.219, 7.438] and Severe/Extreme [OR = 2.271, 95% CI = 1.447, 4.143] generalised pain was associated with significantly higher odds of poor self-rated health in South Africa. An overwhelmingly high proportion of the sample population reported poor health, quality of life and depression. Among older individuals, health interventions that address CMP may help promote subjective health and quality and life and improve psychological health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- School of Public Policy and Management, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China.
| | - Run Pu
- China National Center for Biotechnology Development, Beijing 100039, China.
| | - Bishwajit Ghose
- Faculty of Social Sciences, School of International Development and Global Studies, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada.
| | - Shangfeng Tang
- School of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji medical college, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
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Martin Lluesma S, Graciotti M, Chiang CLL, Kandalaft LE. Does the Immunocompetent Status of Cancer Patients Have an Impact on Therapeutic DC Vaccination Strategies? Vaccines (Basel) 2018; 6:E79. [PMID: 30477198 PMCID: PMC6313858 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines6040079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Although different types of therapeutic vaccines against established cancerous lesions in various indications have been developed since the 1990s, their clinical benefit is still very limited. This observed lack of effectiveness in cancer eradication may be partially due to the often deficient immunocompetent status of cancer patients, which may facilitate tumor development by different mechanisms, including immune evasion. The most frequently used cellular vehicle in clinical trials are dendritic cells (DCs), thanks to their crucial role in initiating and directing immune responses. Viable vaccination options using DCs are available, with a positive toxicity profile. For these reasons, despite their limited therapeutic outcomes, DC vaccination is currently considered an additional immunotherapeutic option that still needs to be further explored. In this review, we propose potential actions aimed at improving DC vaccine efficacy by counteracting the detrimental mechanisms recognized to date and implicated in establishing a poor immunocompetent status in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Martin Lluesma
- Center of Experimental Therapeutics, Ludwig Center for Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1011, Switzerland.
| | - Michele Graciotti
- Vaccine development laboratory, Ludwig Center for Cancer Research, Lausanne 1011, Switzerland.
| | - Cheryl Lai-Lai Chiang
- Vaccine development laboratory, Ludwig Center for Cancer Research, Lausanne 1011, Switzerland.
| | - Lana E Kandalaft
- Center of Experimental Therapeutics, Ludwig Center for Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1011, Switzerland.
- Vaccine development laboratory, Ludwig Center for Cancer Research, Lausanne 1011, Switzerland.
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25
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Heppner HJ. [Not Available]. MMW Fortschr Med 2018; 160:33. [PMID: 29892860 DOI: 10.1007/s15006-018-0622-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
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26
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Accardi G, Caruso C. Immune-inflammatory responses in the elderly: an update. IMMUNITY & AGEING 2018; 15:11. [PMID: 29507595 PMCID: PMC5833087 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-018-0117-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Accardi
- 1Department of Pathobiology and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,Sezione di Patologia generale, Dipartimento di Biopatologia e Biotecnologie Mediche, Corso Tukory 211, 90134 Palermo, Italy
| | - Calogero Caruso
- 1Department of Pathobiology and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,Sezione di Patologia generale, Dipartimento di Biopatologia e Biotecnologie Mediche, Corso Tukory 211, 90134 Palermo, Italy
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