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Xu K, Nnyamah C, Pandya N, Sweis N, Corona-Avila I, Priyadarshini M, Wicksteed B, Layden BT. β cell acetate production and release are negligible. Islets 2024; 16:2339558. [PMID: 38607959 PMCID: PMC11018053 DOI: 10.1080/19382014.2024.2339558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies suggest that short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which are primarily produced from fermentation of fiber, regulate insulin secretion through free fatty acid receptors 2 and 3 (FFA2 and FFA3). As these are G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), they have potential therapeutic value as targets for treating type 2 diabetes (T2D). The exact mechanism by which these receptors regulate insulin secretion and other aspects of pancreatic β cell function is unclear. It has been reported that glucose-dependent release of acetate from pancreatic β cells negatively regulates glucose stimulated insulin secretion. While these data raise the possibility of acetate's potential autocrine action on these receptors, these findings have not been independently confirmed, and multiple concerns exist with this observation, particularly the lack of specificity and precision of the acetate detection methodology used. METHODS Using Min6 cells and mouse islets, we assessed acetate and pyruvate production and secretion in response to different glucose concentrations, via liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. RESULTS Using Min6 cells and mouse islets, we showed that both intracellular pyruvate and acetate increased with high glucose conditions; however, intracellular acetate level increased only slightly and exclusively in Min6 cells but not in the islets. Further, extracellular acetate levels were not affected by the concentration of glucose in the incubation medium of either Min6 cells or islets. CONCLUSIONS Our findings do not substantiate the glucose-dependent release of acetate from pancreatic β cells, and therefore, invalidate the possibility of an autocrine inhibitory effect on glucose stimulated insulin secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Xu
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Chioma Nnyamah
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Nupur Pandya
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Nadia Sweis
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Irene Corona-Avila
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Medha Priyadarshini
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Barton Wicksteed
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Brian T. Layden
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
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Tandon S, Sarkar S. Glutamine stimulates the S6K/4E-BP branch of insulin signalling pathway to mitigate human poly(Q) disorders in Drosophila disease models. Nutr Neurosci 2024; 27:783-794. [PMID: 37658796 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2023.2253028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE AND METHODS Since, the S6K/4E-BP sub-pathway can be stimulated by various amino acids; we extended our investigation to examine if oral feeding of amino acids delivers rescue against human poly(Q) toxicity in Drosophila. We utilised Drosophila models of two different poly(Q) disorders to test our hypothesis. Glutamine was fed to the test flies orally mixed in the food. Control and treated flies were then tested for different parameters, such as formation of poly(Q) aggregates and neurodegeneration, to evaluate glutamine's proficiency in mitigating poly(Q) neurotoxicity. RESULTS Our study, for the first time, reports that glutamine feeding stimulates the growth promoting S6K/4E-BP branch of insulin signalling pathway and restricts pathogenesis of poly(Q) disorders in Drosophila disease models. We noted that glutamine treatment restricts the formation of neurotoxic poly(Q) aggregates and minimises neuronal deaths. Further, glutamine treatment re-establishes the chromatin architecture by improving the histone acetylation which is otherwise compromised in poly(Q) expressing neuronal cells. DISCUSSION Since, the insulin signalling pathway as well as mechanism of action of glutamine are fairly conserved between human and Drosophila, our finding strongly suggests that glutamine holds immense potential to be developed as an intervention therapy against the incurable human poly(Q) disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Tandon
- Department of Genetics, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Surajit Sarkar
- Department of Genetics, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, India
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Kavousipour S, Koohnavard F, Shahbazi B, Eftekhar E, Ahmadi K. The significant improvement in ovarian PCOS syndrome using hydralazine and alendronate aromatase inhibitor FDA-approved drugs in Wistar rat models. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 174:116504. [PMID: 38552442 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common cause of anovulatory infertility. The aim of this study was to investigate the therapeutic potential of vitamin C, glutamine, mesalazine, hydralazine, and alendronate as new drug candidates for the treatment of letrozole-induced PCOS in female Wistar rats. PCOS was induced in rats by intramuscular injection of estradiol valerate (2 mg/kg body weight for 28 days). The rats then received normal saline (PCOS group), letrozole (0.5 mg/kg), vitamin C (100 mg/kg), glutamine (1000 mg/kg), mesalazine (200 mg/kg), hydralazine (30 mg/kg), and alendronate (17.5 mg/kg). Serum testosterone, LH, FSH, estradiol and progesterone levels were determined by ELISA method. H&E staining was used for histological analysis in the ovarian tissues. The groups treated with hydralazine and alendronate, show a significant decrease in testosterone, LH hormone, cystic and atretic follicles, and a significant increase in the number of single layer, multilayer, antral, graafian follicles and the volume of corpus luteum as compared to the PCOS group. Hydrolazine and alendronate appear to be effective in restoring folliculogenesis and increasing ovulation in PCOS rat. So that the natural process of ovulation and the improvement of the histology of polycystic ovaries and its shift towards healthy and active ovaries were observed. This finding supports the potential beneficial effect of hydrolazine and alendronate on improving PCOS complication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soudabeh Kavousipour
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Koohnavard
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Behzad Shahbazi
- School of Pharmacy, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Eftekhar
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
| | - Khadijeh Ahmadi
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
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Zhang H, Wang C, Sun H, Zhou T, Ma C, Han X, Zhang T, Xia J. Glutamine supplementation alleviated aortic atherosclerosis in mice model and in vitro. Proteomics 2024; 24:e2300179. [PMID: 37679095 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202300179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to clarify the role of glutamine in atherosclerosis and its participating mechanism. Forty C57BL/6J mice were divided into wild control (wild Con), ApoE- /- control (ApoE- /- Con), glutamine + ApoE- /- control (Glut + ApoE- /- Con), ApoE- /- high fat diet (ApoE- /- HFD), and glutamine + ApoE- /- HFD (Glut + ApoE- /- HFD) groups. The degree of atherosclerosis, western blotting, and multiomics were detected at 18 weeks. An in vitro study was also performed. Glutamine treatment significantly decreased the degree of aortic atherosclerosis (p = 0.03). O-GlcNAcylation (O-GlcNAc), IL-1β, IL-1α, and pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) in the ApoE- /- HFD group were significantly higher than those in the ApoE- /- Con group (p < 0.05). These differences were attenuated by glutamine treatment (p < 0.05), and aggravated by O-GlcNA transferase (OGT) overexpression in the in vitro study (p < 0.05). Multiomics showed that the ApoE- /- HFD group had higher levels of oxidative stress regulatory molecules (guanine deaminase [GUAD], xanthine dehydrogenase [XDH]), proinflammatory regulatory molecules (myristic acid and myristoleic acid), and stress granules regulatory molecules (caprin-1 and deoxyribose-phosphate aldolase [DERA]) (p < 0.05). These differences were attenuated by glutamine treatment (p < 0.05). We conclude that glutamine supplementation might alleviate atherosclerosis through downregulation of O-GlcNAc, glycolysis, oxidative stress, and proinflammatory pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, National Clinical Research Centre for Geriatric Diseases, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chunxiu Wang
- Department of Evidence-Based Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Haichen Sun
- Surgical Laboratory, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tian Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, National Clinical Research Centre for Geriatric Diseases, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chang Ma
- Department of Cardiology, National Clinical Research Centre for Geriatric Diseases, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuexue Han
- Department of Cardiology, National Clinical Research Centre for Geriatric Diseases, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tianxing Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, National Clinical Research Centre for Geriatric Diseases, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinggang Xia
- Department of Cardiology, National Clinical Research Centre for Geriatric Diseases, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Zhao M, Wang K, Lin R, Mu F, Cui J, Tao X, Weng Y, Wang J. Influence of glutamine metabolism on diabetes Development:A scientometric review. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25258. [PMID: 38375272 PMCID: PMC10875382 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective "Metabolism affects function" is the consensus of researchers at present. It has potential clinical application value to study the effects of regulating glutamine (Gln) metabolism on diabetes physiology or pathology. Our research aimed to summarize the latest research progress, frontier hot topics and future development trends in this field from the perspective of scientometrics. Methods Relevant literatures and reviews were obtained from the Web of Science (WoS) between January 1, 2001 and May 31, 2022. An online analysis platform of bibliometrics, CiteSpace, and VOS viewer software were used to generate visual knowledge network graphs, including publication countries, institutions and authors partnership analysis, co-occurrence analysis, co-citation analysis, as well as citations and keywords burst detection to acquire research trends and hotspots. Results Our results showed that a total of 945 publications in the WoS database met the analysis requirements, with articles being the main type. The overall characteristics showed an increasing trend in the number of publications and citations. The United States was leading the way in this research and was a hub for aggregating collaborations across countries. Vanderbilt University delivered high-quality impact with the most published articles. DeBerardinis, RJ in this field was the most representative author and his main research contents were Gln metabolism and mitochondrial glutaminolysis. Significantly, there was a relative lack of collaboration between institutions and authors. In addition, "type 2 diabetes", "glutamine", "metabolism", "gene expression" and "metabolomics" were the keywords categories with high frequency in co-citation references and co-occurrence cluster keywords. Analysis of popular keywords burst detection showed that "branched chain", "oxidative phosphorylation", "kinase", "insulin sensitivity", "tca cycle", "magnetic resonance spectroscopy" and "flux analysis" were new research directions and emerging methods to explore the link between Gln metabolism and diabetes. Overall, exploring Gln metabolism showed a gradual upward trend in the field of diabetes. Conclusion This comprehensive scientometric study identified the general outlook for the field and provided valuable guidance for ongoing research. Strategies to regulate Gln metabolism hold promise as a novel target to treat diabetes, as well as integration and intersection of multidisciplinary provides cooperation strategies and technical guarantees for the development of this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meina Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032 Shannxi Province, China
| | - Kaiyan Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, National Key Discipline of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032 Shannxi Province, China
| | - Rui Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032 Shannxi Province, China
| | - Fei Mu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032 Shannxi Province, China
| | - Jia Cui
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032 Shannxi Province, China
| | - Xingru Tao
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032 Shannxi Province, China
| | - Yan Weng
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032 Shannxi Province, China
| | - Jingwen Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032 Shannxi Province, China
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Yang C, Xiao C, Zhai X, Liu J, Yu M. SGLT2 inhibitor improves kidney function and morphology by regulating renal metabolism in mice with diabetic kidney disease. J Diabetes Complications 2024; 38:108652. [PMID: 38190779 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2023.108652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a secondary complication of diabetes mellitus and a leading cause of chronic kidney disease. AIM To investigate the impact of long-term canagliflozin treatment on DKD and elucidate its underlying mechanism. METHODS DKD model was established using high-fat diet and streptozotocin in male C57BL/6J mice (n = 30). Mice were divided into five groups and treated for 12 weeks. 1) normal control mice, 2) DKD model, 3) mice treated low-dose of canagliflozin, 4) high-dose of canagliflozin and 5) β-hydroxybutyrate. Mice kidney morphology and function were evaluated, and a metabolomics analysis was performed. RESULTS Canagliflozin treatment reduced blood creatinine and urine nitrogen levels and improved systemic insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance in diabetic mice. Additionally, a decrease in histological lesions including collagen and lipid deposition in the kidneys was observed. β-hydroxybutyrate treatment did not yield a comparable outcome. The metabolomics analysis revealed that canagliflozin induced alterations in amino acid metabolism profiles in the renal tissue of diabetic mice. CONCLUSION Canagliflozin protects the kidneys of diabetic mice by increasing the levels of essential amino acids, promoting mitochondrial homeostasis, mitigating oxidative stress, and stimulating the amino acid-dependent tricarboxylic acid cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunru Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology National Health Commission, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Cheng Xiao
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology National Health Commission, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Xiaojun Zhai
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology National Health Commission, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Jieying Liu
- Department of Medical Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China.
| | - Miao Yu
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology National Health Commission, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China.
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Bosso M, Haddad D, Al Madhoun A, Al-Mulla F. Targeting the Metabolic Paradigms in Cancer and Diabetes. Biomedicines 2024; 12:211. [PMID: 38255314 PMCID: PMC10813379 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12010211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated metabolic dynamics are evident in both cancer and diabetes, with metabolic alterations representing a facet of the myriad changes observed in these conditions. This review delves into the commonalities in metabolism between cancer and type 2 diabetes (T2D), focusing specifically on the contrasting roles of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and glycolysis as primary energy-generating pathways within cells. Building on earlier research, we explore how a shift towards one pathway over the other serves as a foundational aspect in the development of cancer and T2D. Unlike previous reviews, we posit that this shift may occur in seemingly opposing yet complementary directions, akin to the Yin and Yang concept. These metabolic fluctuations reveal an intricate network of underlying defective signaling pathways, orchestrating the pathogenesis and progression of each disease. The Warburg phenomenon, characterized by the prevalence of aerobic glycolysis over minimal to no OXPHOS, emerges as the predominant metabolic phenotype in cancer. Conversely, in T2D, the prevailing metabolic paradigm has traditionally been perceived in terms of discrete irregularities rather than an OXPHOS-to-glycolysis shift. Throughout T2D pathogenesis, OXPHOS remains consistently heightened due to chronic hyperglycemia or hyperinsulinemia. In advanced insulin resistance and T2D, the metabolic landscape becomes more complex, featuring differential tissue-specific alterations that affect OXPHOS. Recent findings suggest that addressing the metabolic imbalance in both cancer and diabetes could offer an effective treatment strategy. Numerous pharmaceutical and nutritional modalities exhibiting therapeutic effects in both conditions ultimately modulate the OXPHOS-glycolysis axis. Noteworthy nutritional adjuncts, such as alpha-lipoic acid, flavonoids, and glutamine, demonstrate the ability to reprogram metabolism, exerting anti-tumor and anti-diabetic effects. Similarly, pharmacological agents like metformin exhibit therapeutic efficacy in both T2D and cancer. This review discusses the molecular mechanisms underlying these metabolic shifts and explores promising therapeutic strategies aimed at reversing the metabolic imbalance in both disease scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mira Bosso
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Health Science Center, Kuwait University, Safat 13110, Kuwait
| | - Dania Haddad
- Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman 15462, Kuwait; (D.H.); (A.A.M.)
| | - Ashraf Al Madhoun
- Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman 15462, Kuwait; (D.H.); (A.A.M.)
- Department of Animal and Imaging Core Facilities, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman 15462, Kuwait
| | - Fahd Al-Mulla
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Health Science Center, Kuwait University, Safat 13110, Kuwait
- Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman 15462, Kuwait; (D.H.); (A.A.M.)
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Ahmad AHM, Kamal Eldin F, Rashed MM. Efficacy of Perioperative Infusion of N(2)-L-alanyl-L-glutamine in Glycemic Control for Patients With Uncontrolled Diabetes Mellitus Presented for Urgent Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2023; 37:2289-2298. [PMID: 37537132 DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2023.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the efficacy of preoperative glutamine infusion in reducing insulin requirements in patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes, defined as glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) >7%, undergoing urgent coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. DESIGN A randomized controlled trial. SETTING At Ain Shams University Hospital, Cardiothoracic Academy. PARTICIPANTS Ninety-three patients (of both sexes) with uncontrolled diabetes presenting for urgent CABG were categorized into 2 groups. INTERVENTIONS The dipeptiven group (n = 46) was given an infusion of dipeptiven 1.5 mL/kg body weight dissolved in normal saline (200 mL) over 3 hours before surgery. The control group (n = 47) received a normal saline infusion (200 mL). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS The dipeptiven group demonstrated statistically significant lower intraoperative (173.74 ± 19.97 mg/dL v 198.22 ±14.64 mg/dL) and postoperative (162.36 ±13.11 mg/dL v 176.13 ±14.86 mg/dL) mean blood glucose levels. In addition, dipeptiven infusion was found to reduce mean total insulin requirements intraoperatively by 3.64 ± 0.56 units/h and postoperatively by 37.109 ± 4.30 units/24 h in comparison to placebo (50.98 ± 16.55 units/24 h and 5.10 ± 2.28 units/h, respectively). CONCLUSION A preoperative infusion of dipeptiven can contribute to ameliorating stress hyperglycemia in uncontrolled diabetic patients undergoing urgent CABG.
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Chen Z, Hu Y, Hu FB, Manson JE, Rimm EB, Doria A, Sun Q. Dietary Glutamine and Glutamate in Relation to Cardiovascular Disease Incidence and Mortality in the United States Men and Women with Diabetes Mellitus. J Nutr 2023; 153:3247-3258. [PMID: 37660951 PMCID: PMC10687617 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence regarding the potential health effects of dietary amino acids glutamine and glutamate among individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D) is limited. OBJECTIVES The aim was to examine dietary glutamine and glutamate in relation to subsequent risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality among individuals with T2D. METHODS We prospectively followed 15,040 men and women with T2D at baseline or diagnosed during follow-up (Nurses' Health Study: 1980-2014 and Health Professionals Follow-Up Study: 1986-2018). Diet was repeatedly assessed using validated food frequency questionnaires every 2-4 y. Associations of energy-adjusted glutamine and glutamate intake, as well as their ratio, with CVD risk and mortality, were assessed using Cox proportional-hazards models with adjustments for demographics, dietary and lifestyle factors, and medical history. RESULTS During 196,955 and 225,371 person-years of follow-up in participants with T2D, there were 2927 incident CVD cases and 4898 deaths, respectively. Higher intake of glutamine was associated with lower risk of CVD incidence, CVD mortality, and total mortality: comparing extreme quintiles, the hazard ratios (HRs) (95% confidence intervals [CIs]) were 0.88 (0.77, 0.99), 0.78 (0.65, 0.92), and 0.84 (0.76, 0.92), respectively (all P-trend < 0.05). In contrast, higher intake of glutamate was associated with a higher risk of CVD incidence, CVD mortality, and total mortality; the HRs were 1.30 (1.15, 1.46), 1.46 (1.24, 1.72), and 1.20 (1.09, 1.32), respectively (all P-trend < 0.05). Furthermore, comparing extreme quintiles, a higher dietary glutamine-to-glutamate ratio was associated with a lower risk of CVD incidence (0.84 [0.75, 0.95]), CVD mortality (0.66 [0.57, 0.77]), and total mortality (0.82 [0.75, 0.90]). In addition, compared with participants with stable or decreased consumption of glutamine-to-glutamate ratio from prediabetes to postdiabetes diagnosis, those who increased the ratio had a 17% (5%, 27%) lower CVD mortality. CONCLUSIONS In adults with T2D, dietary glutamine was associated with a lower risk of CVD incidence and mortality, whereas the opposite was observed for glutamate intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangling Chen
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Yang Hu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Frank B Hu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - JoAnn E Manson
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Eric B Rimm
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Alessandro Doria
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Qi Sun
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, United States.
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Tosur M, Hsu JW, Deen S, Huang X, Guffey D, Uysal S, Astudillo M, Redondo MJ, Jahoor F, Balasubramanyam A. Plasma amino acid signatures define types of pediatric diabetes. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2023; 57:21-28. [PMID: 37739658 PMCID: PMC10518839 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2023.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Metabolic biomarkers with pathophysiological relevance is lacking in pediatric diabetes. We aimed to identify novel metabolic biomarkers in pediatric type 1 (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). We hypothesized that (1) targeted plasma metabolomics, focused on plasma amino acid concentrations, could identify distinctively altered patterns in children with T1D or T2D, and (2) there are specific changes in concentrations of metabolites related to branch chain amino acids (BCAA) and arginine metabolism in children with T2D. METHODS In a pilot study, we enrolled children with T1D (n = 15) and T2D (n = 13), and healthy controls (n = 15). Fasting plasma amino acid concentrations were measured by ultra-performance liquid chromatography, and compared between the groups after adjustment for confounding factors. RESULTS The mean age (SD) of participants was 16.4 (0.9) years. There were no group differences in age, gender, race/ethnicity, or 24-h protein intake. Mean BMI percentile was higher in the T2D than the T1D group or controls (p < 0.001). The T2D group had lower arginine, citrulline, glutamine, glycine, phenylalanine, methionine, threonine, asparagine and symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) but higher aspartate than controls, after adjusting for BMI percentiles (all p < 0.05). Children with T2D also had lower glycine but higher ornithine, proline, leucine, isoleucine, valine, total BCAA, lysine and tyrosine than those with T1D after adjusting for confounding factors (all p < 0.05). Children with T1D had lower phenylalanine, methionine, threonine, glutamine, tyrosine, asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and SDMA than controls (all p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Children with T2D and T1D have distinct fasting plasma amino acid signatures that suggest varying pathogenic mechanisms and could serve as biomarkers for these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Tosur
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA; Children's Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Jean W Hsu
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Pediatrics - Nutrition, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Saima Deen
- Department of Pediatrics, Research Resources Office, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xiaofan Huang
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Danielle Guffey
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Serife Uysal
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Marcela Astudillo
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Maria J Redondo
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Farook Jahoor
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Pediatrics - Nutrition, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ashok Balasubramanyam
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
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11
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Ndlovu IS, Tshilwane SI, Vosloo A, Chaisi M, Mukaratirwa S. Metabolomics of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Sprague Dawley Rats-In Search of Potential Metabolic Biomarkers. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12467. [PMID: 37569840 PMCID: PMC10419637 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is an expanding global health concern, closely associated with the epidemic of obesity. Individuals with diabetes are at high risk for microvascular and macrovascular complications, which include retinopathy, neuropathy, and cardiovascular comorbidities. Despite the availability of diagnostic tools for T2DM, approximately 30-60% of people with T2DM in developed countries are never diagnosed or detected. Therefore, there is a strong need for a simpler and more reliable technique for the early detection of T2DM. This study aimed to use a non-targeted metabolomic approach to systematically identify novel biomarkers from the serum samples of T2DM-induced Sprague Dawley (SD) rats using a comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled with a time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GCxGC-TOF/MS). Fifty-four male Sprague Dawley rats weighing between 160-180 g were randomly assigned into two experimental groups, namely the type 2 diabetes mellitus group (T2DM) (n = 36) and the non-diabetic control group (n = 18). Results from this study showed that the metabolite signature of the diabetic rats was different from that of the non-diabetic control group. The most significantly upregulated metabolic pathway was aminoacyl-t-RNA biosynthesis. Metabolite changes observed between the diabetic and non-diabetic control group was attributed to the increase in amino acids, such as glycine, L-asparagine, and L-serine. Aromatic amino acids, including L-tyrosine, were associated with the risk of future hyperglycemia and overt diabetes. The identified potential biomarkers depicted a good predictive value of more than 0.8. It was concluded from the results that amino acids that were associated with impaired insulin secretion were prospectively related to an increase in glucose levels. Moreover, amino acids that were associated with impaired insulin secretion were prospectively related to an increase in glucose levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Innocent Siyanda Ndlovu
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban 4000, South Africa; (I.S.N.); (A.V.)
| | - Selaelo Ivy Tshilwane
- Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0110, South Africa; (S.I.T.); (M.C.)
| | - Andre Vosloo
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban 4000, South Africa; (I.S.N.); (A.V.)
| | - Mamohale Chaisi
- Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0110, South Africa; (S.I.T.); (M.C.)
- Foundational Biodiversity Science, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
| | - Samson Mukaratirwa
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban 4000, South Africa; (I.S.N.); (A.V.)
- One Health Center for Zoonoses and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Ross University, Basseterre KN0101, Saint Kitts and Nevis
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12
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Zhai L, Yang X, Cheng Y, Wang J. Glutamine and amino acid metabolism as a prognostic signature and therapeutic target in endometrial cancer. Cancer Med 2023; 12:16337-16358. [PMID: 37387559 PMCID: PMC10469729 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.6256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Endometrial cancer (EC) is the most common female reproductive system cancer in developed countries with growing incidence and associated mortality, which may be due to the growing prevalence of obesity. Metabolism reprogramming including glucose, amino acid, and lipid remodeling is a hallmark of tumors. Glutamine metabolism has been reported to participate in tumor proliferation and development. This study aimed to develop a glutamine metabolism-related prognostic model for EC and explore potential targets for cancer treatment. METHOD Transcriptomic data and survival outcome of EC were retrieved from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Differentially expressed genes related to glutamine metabolism were recognized and utilized to build a prognostic model by univariate and multivariate Cox regressions. The model was confirmed in the training, testing, and the entire cohort. A nomogram combing prognostic model and clinicopathologic features was established and tested. Moreover, we explored the effect of a key metabolic enzyme, PHGDH, on the biological behavior of EC cell lines and xenograft model. RESULTS Five glutamine metabolism-related genes, including PHGDH, OTC, ASRGL1, ASNS, and NR1H4, were involved in prognostic model construction. Kaplan-Meier curve suggested that patients recognized as high risk underwent inferior outcomes. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve showed the model was sufficient to predict survival. Enrichment analysis recognized DNA replication and repair dysfunction in high-risk patients whereas immune relevance analysis revealed low immune scores in the high-risk group. Finally, a nomogram integrating the prognostic model and clinical factors was created and verified. Further, knockdown of PHGDH showed cell growth inhibition, increasing apoptosis, and reduced migration. Promisingly, NCT-503, a PHGDH inhibitor, significantly repressed tumor growth in vivo (p = 0.0002). CONCLUSION Our work established and validated a glutamine metabolism-related prognostic model that favorably evaluates the prognosis of EC patients. DNA replication and repair may be the crucial point that linked glutamine metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and EC progression. High-risk patients stratified by the model may not be sufficient for immune therapy. PHGDH might be a crucial target that links serine metabolism, glutamine metabolism as well as EC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lirong Zhai
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyPeking University People's HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Xiao Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyPeking University People's HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Yuan Cheng
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyPeking University People's HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Jianliu Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyPeking University People's HospitalBeijingChina
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13
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Khan SR, Rost H, Cox B, Razani B, Alexeeff S, Wheeler MB, Gunderson EP. Heterogeneity in Early Postpartum Metabolic Profiles Among Women with GDM Who Progressed to Type 2 Diabetes During 10-Year Follow-Up: The SWIFT Study. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.06.13.23291346. [PMID: 37398098 PMCID: PMC10312884 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.13.23291346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
GDM is a strong risk factor for progression to T2D after pregnancy. Although both GDM and T2D exhibit heterogeneity, the link between the distinct heterogeneity of GDM and incident T2D has not been established. Herein, we evaluate early postpartum profiles of women with recent GDM who later developed incident T2D using a soft clustering method, followed by the integration of both clinical phenotypic variables and metabolomics to characterize these heterogeneous clusters/groups clinically and their molecular mechanisms. We identified three clusters based on two indices of glucose homeostasis at 6-9 weeks postpartum - HOMA-IR and HOMA-B among women who developed incident T2D during the 12-year follow-up. The clusters were classified as follows: pancreatic beta-cell dysfunction group (cluster-1), insulin resistant group (cluster-3), and a combination of both phenomena (cluster-2) comprising the majority of T2D. We also identified postnatal blood test parameters to distinguish the three clusters for clinical testing. Moreover, we compared these three clusters in their metabolomics profiles at the early stage of the disease to identify the mechanistic insights. A significantly higher concentration of a metabolite at the early stage of a T2D cluster than other clusters indicates its essentiality for the particular disease character. As such, the early-stage characters of T2D cluster-1 pathology include a higher concentration of sphingolipids, acyl-alkyl phosphatidylcholines, lysophosphatidylcholines, and glycine, indicating their essentiality for pancreatic beta-cell function. In contrast, the early-stage characteristics of T2D cluster-3 pathology include a higher concentration of diacyl phosphatidylcholines, acyl-carnitines, isoleucine, and glutamate, indicating their essentiality for insulin actions. Notably, all these biomolecules are found in the T2D cluster-2 with mediocre concentrations, indicating a true nature of a mixed group. In conclusion, we have deconstructed incident T2D heterogeneity and identified three clusters with their clinical testing procedures and molecular mechanisms. This information will aid in adopting proper interventions using a precision medicine approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saifur R Khan
- Department of Cardiology, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Departments of Physiology and Medicine, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hannes Rost
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brian Cox
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Babak Razani
- Department of Cardiology, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Stacey Alexeeff
- Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Division of Research, Oakland, CA
| | - Michael B Wheeler
- Departments of Physiology and Medicine, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Erica P Gunderson
- Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Division of Research, Oakland, CA
- Kaiser Permanente Bernard J. Tyson School of Medicine, Department of Health Systems Science, Pasadena, CA
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14
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Guerrero-Molina MP, Morales-Conejo M, Delmiro A, Morán M, Domínguez-González C, Arranz-Canales E, Ramos-González A, Arenas J, Martín MA, de la Aleja JG. High-dose oral glutamine supplementation reduces elevated glutamate levels in cerebrospinal fluid in patients with mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes syndrome. Eur J Neurol 2023; 30:538-547. [PMID: 36334048 DOI: 10.1111/ene.15626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) syndrome is a genetically heterogeneous disorder caused by mitochondrial DNA mutations. There are no disease-modifying therapies, and treatment remains mainly supportive. It has been shown previously that patients with MELAS syndrome have significantly increased cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) glutamate and significantly decreased CSF glutamine levels compared to controls. Glutamine has many metabolic fates in neurons and astrocytes, and the glutamate-glutamine cycle couples with many metabolic pathways depending on cellular requirements. The aim was to compare CSF glutamate and glutamine levels before and after dietary glutamine supplementation. It is postulated that high-dose oral glutamine supplementation could reduce the increase in glutamate levels. METHOD This open-label, single-cohort study determined the safety and changes in glutamate and glutamine levels in CSF after 12 weeks of oral glutamine supplementation. RESULTS Nine adult patients with MELAS syndrome (66.7% females, mean age 35.8 ± 3.2 years) were included. After glutamine supplementation, CSF glutamate levels were significantly reduced (9.77 ± 1.21 vs. 18.48 ± 1.34 μmol/l, p < 0.001) and CSF glutamine levels were significantly increased (433.66 ± 15.31 vs. 336.31 ± 12.92 μmol/l, p = 0.002). A side effect observed in four of nine patients was a mild sensation of satiety. One patient developed mild and transient elevation of transaminases, and another patient was admitted for an epileptic status without stroke-like episode. DISCUSSION This study demonstrates that high-dose oral glutamine supplementation significantly reduces CSF glutamate and increases CSF glutamine levels in patients with MELAS syndrome. These findings may have potential therapeutic implications in these patients. TRIAL REGISTRATION INFORMATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04948138. Initial release 24 June 2021, first patient enrolled 1 July 2021. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04948138.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Montserrat Morales-Conejo
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
- National Reference Center for Congenital Errors of Metabolism (CSUR) and European Reference Center for Inherited Metabolic Disease (MetabERN), University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
- Spanish Network for Biomedical Research in Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Aitor Delmiro
- Spanish Network for Biomedical Research in Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
- Mitochondrial and Neuromuscular Diseases Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital '12 de Octubre' ('imas12'), Madrid, Spain
- Research Institute ('imas12'), University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Morán
- Spanish Network for Biomedical Research in Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
- Mitochondrial and Neuromuscular Diseases Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital '12 de Octubre' ('imas12'), Madrid, Spain
- Research Institute ('imas12'), University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Domínguez-González
- Neurology Department, Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
- Spanish Network for Biomedical Research in Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
- Research Institute ('imas12'), University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Arranz-Canales
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
- National Reference Center for Congenital Errors of Metabolism (CSUR) and European Reference Center for Inherited Metabolic Disease (MetabERN), University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Joaquín Arenas
- Spanish Network for Biomedical Research in Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
- Mitochondrial and Neuromuscular Diseases Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital '12 de Octubre' ('imas12'), Madrid, Spain
- Research Institute ('imas12'), University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A Martín
- Spanish Network for Biomedical Research in Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
- Mitochondrial and Neuromuscular Diseases Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital '12 de Octubre' ('imas12'), Madrid, Spain
- Research Institute ('imas12'), University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús González de la Aleja
- National Reference Center for Congenital Errors of Metabolism (CSUR) and European Reference Center for Inherited Metabolic Disease (MetabERN), University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
- Neurology Department, Epilepsy Unit, University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
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15
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Mortada H, Alhindi N, Abukhudair A, Alanazi S, AlSahli A, Arab K. The Effects of Glutamine Supplementation on Reducing Mortality and Morbidity among Burn Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. JPRAS Open 2022; 35:6-17. [PMID: 36578449 PMCID: PMC9791694 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpra.2022.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutamine (GLN) has been proven to improve the prognosis of severely burned patients. GLN supplementation in critical illness has gained extreme popularity among researchers over the years, and its safety and efficacy are still under question. Therefore, we aim to study the role of GLN supplements in decreasing mortality, length of hospitalization (LOH), and infection in severely burned patients. PRISMA guidelines were used to design and conduct this systematic review. MEDLINE, Cochrane, and EMBASE databases were used to search for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in January 2022. In order to assist in the search, MeSH terms such as burn injury, GLN, and RCT were used. As a result of reviewing the literature, 1112 publications were found. We included only 7 RCTs after implanting our inclusion criteria. There were 328 patients enrolled in the study, with 166 patients (50.61%) were allocated to GLN supplementation and 162 patients in the control groups (49.39%). The risk of infection was significantly lower among patients who received GLN supplementation than those in the control groups (RR = 0.41, 95% CI, 0.18 to 0.92, p = 0.030). The risk of death was significantly lower among GLN-receiving patients compared to non-GLN-receiving patients (RR = 0.09, 95% CI, 0.01 to 0.63, p = 0.016). GLN supplementation has been linked to lower hospital mortality and infection-related morbidity in burn patients. Furthermore, larger-scale and higher-quality studies are needed to assess whether there are any statistically and clinically significant changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatan Mortada
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University and Department of Plastic Surgery & Burn Unit, King Saud Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,Corresponding author: Hatan Mortada, Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University, and Department of Plastic Surgery & Burn unit, King Saud Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. PO Box 12161, Saudi Arabia, Mobile: 00966 54 668 0755
| | - Nawaf Alhindi
- Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Shahad Alanazi
- Division of Plastic Surgery, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alaa AlSahli
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Arab
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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16
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α-amylase inhibitory activity of chitooligosaccharide from shrimp shell chitosan and its epigallocatechin gallate conjugate: kinetics, fluorescence quenching and structure-activity relationship. Food Chem 2022; 403:134456. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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17
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Medeiros C, Wallace JM. High glucose-induced inhibition of osteoblast like MC3T3-E1 differentiation promotes mitochondrial perturbations. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0270001. [PMID: 35714142 PMCID: PMC9205493 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder that causes health concerns worldwide. Patients with diabetes exhibit multisystemic symptoms, including loss of bone quality over time. The progressive deterioration of bone promotes failure to withstand damage and increases the risk of fractures. Much of the molecular and metabolic mechanism(s) in diabetic bone remains unclear. In vitro studies suggest that hyperglycemia inhibits mineralization, affecting bone formation and function. In this study, inhibition of osteoblast differentiation was induced using hyperglycemia to assess whether high glucose promotes mitochondrial impairment along with altered bone matrix formation. It was hypothesized that bone energy metabolism would be altered in these cells as calcium deposition, a key phase for bone function, is suppressed. Early passages of osteoblast like MC3T3-E1 cells were differentiated under normal and high glucose conditions. To investigate osteoblast differentiation, we quantified calcium accumulation by alizarin red staining and analyzed immunoblots of key proteins. To assess mitochondrial function, we quantified mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), detected expression and function of key proteins from the Tricarboxylic (TCA) cycle, measured mitochondrial respiration, and fuel oxidation of alternative nutrients. Results confirmed previous work showing that mineralization was inhibited and AKT expression was reduced in high glucose-treated bone cells. Unexpectedly, high glucose-treated osteoblast cells utilize both mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis to maintain energy demands with partial help of fatty acid for reliance of baseline bioenergetics. These metabolic shifts suggest that hyperglycemia maintain bone metabolic needs in an early differentiated state concurrent to the inhibition in bone matrix formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Medeiros
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University–Purdue Indianapolis (IUPUI), Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Joseph M. Wallace
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University–Purdue Indianapolis (IUPUI), Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America,* E-mail:
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18
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Platelet CD40L Expression Response to Mixing of pRBCs and Washed Platelets but no Causality Association between Platelet ROS Generation and CD40L Expression: An In Vitro Study. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11061108. [PMID: 35740005 PMCID: PMC9219937 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11061108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets play a role in transfusion reaction via reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and CD40 ligand (CD40L) expression. In this study, we aimed to test the hypothesis that the mixing of packed red blood cells (pRBCs) and washed platelets has a causal effect on platelet ROS generation and CD40L expression. Thus, a better understanding of this causality relationship may help interrupt the chain of events and avoid an uncontrollable transfusion reaction. We simulated transfusion in vitro by mixing pRBCs and washed platelets. Donor cross-matched stored pRBCs) from our blood bank and recipient whole blood from patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery prepared into washed platelets were used. Briefly, donor pRBCs were added to washed recipient platelets to form 1%, 5%, or 10% (v/v) mixtures. The mixed blood sample was used to determine platelet ROS generation (dichlorofluorescein fluorescence levels) and CD40L expression. The effect of antioxidants (20 mM glutamine and 20 mM dipeptiven) on ROS generation and CD40L expression was also evaluated. Platelet ROS generation was not significantly associated with the mixing of pRBCs and washed platelets (p = 0.755), glutamine treatment (p = 0.800), or dipeptiven treatment (p = 0.711). The expression of CD40L by platelets increased significantly (p < 0.001), and no significant difference was noted after treatment with glutamine (p = 0.560) or dipeptiven (p = 0.618). We observed that the mixing pRBCs and washed platelets had no effect via ROS, whereas CD40L could directly induce transfusion reactions. Furthermore, platelets did not causally express ROS or CD40L after being mixed with pRBCs. Although antioxidants are more accessible than anti-CD40L antibodies, platelet ROS may not serve as a therapeutic target for antioxidants. Nevertheless, CD40L expression may be a valuable therapeutic target for managing transfusion reactions.
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Metabolomic Analysis of Serum and Tear Samples from Patients with Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094534. [PMID: 35562924 PMCID: PMC9105607 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolomics strategies are widely used to examine obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Patients with obesity (n = 31) or T2D (n = 26) and sex- and age-matched controls (n = 28) were recruited, and serum and tear samples were collected. The concentration of 23 amino acids and 10 biogenic amines in serum and tear samples was analyzed. Statistical analysis and Pearson correlation analysis along with network analysis were carried out. Compared to controls, changes in the level of 6 analytes in the obese group and of 10 analytes in the T2D group were statistically significant. For obesity, the energy generation, while for T2D, the involvement of NO synthesis and its relation to insulin signaling and inflammation, were characteristic. We found that BCAA and glutamine metabolism, urea cycle, and beta-oxidation make up crucial parts of the metabolic changes in T2D. According to our data, the retromer-mediated retrograde transport, the ethanolamine metabolism, and, consequently, the endocannabinoid signaling and phospholipid metabolism were characteristic of both conditions and can be relevant pathways to understanding and treating insulin resistance. By providing potential therapeutic targets and new starting points for mechanistic studies, our results emphasize the importance of complex data analysis procedures to better understand the pathomechanism of obesity and diabetes.
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20
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Sikorski C, Azab S, de Souza RJ, Shanmuganathan M, Desai D, Teo K, Atkinson SA, Morrison K, Gupta M, Britz-McKibbin P, Anand SS. Serum metabolomic signatures of gestational diabetes in South Asian and white European women. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2022; 10:e002733. [PMID: 35450870 PMCID: PMC9024260 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2021-002733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aimed to identify serum metabolomic signatures associated with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and to examine if ethnic-specific differences exist between South Asian and white European women. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Prospective cohort study with a nested case-control analysis of 600 pregnant women from two Canadian birth cohorts; using an untargeted approach, 63 fasting serum metabolites were measured and analyzed using multisegment injection-capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry. Multivariate logistic regression modeling was conducted overall and by cohort. RESULTS The proportion of women with GDM was higher in South Asians (27.1%) compared with white Europeans (17.9%). Several amino acid, carbohydrate, and lipid pathways related to GDM were common to South Asian and white European women. Elevated circulating concentrations of glutamic acid, propionylcarnitine, tryptophan, arginine, 2-hydroxybutyric acid, 3-hydroxybutyric acid, and 3-methyl-2-oxovaleric acid were associated with higher odds of GDM, while higher glutamine, ornithine, oxoproline, cystine, glycine with lower odds of GDM. Per SD increase in glucose concentration, the odds of GDM increased (OR=2.07, 95% CI 1.58 to 2.71), similarly for metabolite ratios: glucose to glutamine (OR=2.15, 95% CI 1.65 to 2.80), glucose to creatinine (OR=1.79, 95% CI 1.39 to 2.32), and glutamic acid to glutamine (OR=1.46, 95% CI 1.16 to 1.83). South Asians had higher circulating ratios of glucose to glutamine, glucose to creatinine, arginine to ornithine, and citrulline to ornithine, compared with white Europeans. CONCLUSIONS We identified a panel of serum metabolites implicated in GDM pathophysiology, consistent in South Asian and white European women. The metabolic alterations leading to larger ratios of glucose to glutamine, glucose to creatinine, arginine to ornithine, and citrulline to ornithine in South Asians likely reflect the greater burden of GDM among South Asians compared with white Europeans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Sikorski
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Global and Population Health, Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sandi Azab
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Russell J de Souza
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Global and Population Health, Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Meera Shanmuganathan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dipika Desai
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Global and Population Health, Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Koon Teo
- Global and Population Health, Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Katherine Morrison
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Milan Gupta
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Canadian Collaborative Research Network, Brampton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Philip Britz-McKibbin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sonia S Anand
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Global and Population Health, Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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21
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Excess glutamine does not alter myotube metabolism or insulin sensitivity. Amino Acids 2022; 54:455-468. [PMID: 35112170 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-022-03131-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Glutamine is an amino acid previously linked with improved skeletal muscle metabolism and insulin signaling, however, past observations often use cell culture models with only supraphysiological concentrations. Additionally, past reports have yet to simultaneously investigate both metabolic outcomes and insulin signaling. The present report utilized cell culture experiments and measured the effects of both physiological and supraphysiological levels of glutamine on myotube metabolism and insulin signaling/resistance. It was hypothesized the addition of glutamine at any level would increase cell metabolism and related gene expression, as well as improve insulin signaling versus respective control cells. C2C12 myotubes were treated with glutamine ranging from 0.25 mM-4 mM (or media control) for 24 h to capture a range of physiological and supraphysiological concentrations. qRT-PCR was used to measure metabolic gene expression. Mitochondrial and glycolytic metabolism were measured via oxygen consumption and extracellular acidification rate, respectively. Insulin sensitivity (indicated by pAkt:Akt) and metabolism following glucose/insulin infusion were also assessed. Glutamine treatment consistently increased mitochondrial and glycolytic metabolism versus true controls (cells treated with media void of glutamine), however, supraphysiological glutamine did not enhance metabolism beyond that of cells with physiological levels of glutamine. Neither physiological nor supraphysiological levels of glutamine altered insulin signaling regardless of insulin stimulation or insulin resistance when compared with respective controls. These data demonstrate excess glutamine does not appear to alter myotube metabolism or glucose disposal when base levels of glutamine are present. Moreover, glutamine does not appear to alter insulin sensitivity regardless of level of insulin resistance or presence of insulin stimulation.
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22
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Matsuyama T, Yoshinaga SK, Shibue K, Mak TW. Comorbidity-associated glutamine deficiency is a predisposition to severe COVID-19. Cell Death Differ 2021; 28:3199-3213. [PMID: 34663907 PMCID: PMC8522258 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-021-00892-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 vaccinations have greatly reduced COVID-19 cases, but we must continue to develop our understanding of the nature of the disease and its effects on human immunity. Previously, we suggested that a dysregulated STAT3 pathway following SARS-Co-2 infection ultimately leads to PAI-1 activation and cascades of pathologies. The major COVID-19-associated metabolic risks (old age, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and obesity) share high PAI-1 levels and could predispose certain groups to severe COVID-19 complications. In this review article, we describe the common metabolic profile that is shared between all of these high-risk groups and COVID-19. This profile not only involves high levels of PAI-1 and STAT3 as previously described, but also includes low levels of glutamine and NAD+, coupled with overproduction of hyaluronan (HA). SARS-CoV-2 infection exacerbates this metabolic imbalance and predisposes these patients to the severe pathophysiologies of COVID-19, including the involvement of NETs (neutrophil extracellular traps) and HA overproduction in the lung. While hyperinflammation due to proinflammatory cytokine overproduction has been frequently documented, it is recently recognized that the immune response is markedly suppressed in some cases by the expansion and activity of MDSCs (myeloid-derived suppressor cells) and FoxP3+ Tregs (regulatory T cells). The metabolomics profiles of severe COVID-19 patients and patients with advanced cancer are similar, and in high-risk patients, SARS-CoV-2 infection leads to aberrant STAT3 activation, which promotes a cancer-like metabolism. We propose that glutamine deficiency and overproduced HA is the central metabolic characteristic of COVID-19 and its high-risk groups. We suggest the usage of glutamine supplementation and the repurposing of cancer drugs to prevent the development of severe COVID-19 pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshifumi Matsuyama
- Department of Pathology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan.
| | | | - Kimitaka Shibue
- Tazuke Kofukai Medical Research Institute, Kitano Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tak W Mak
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, 610 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 2M9, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, 101 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, 101 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada
- Department of Pathology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, 999077, Hong Kong
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23
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Managing mood-related symptoms utilizing diet, targeted nutrient supplementation, and lifestyle changes: A case series. Explore (NY) 2021; 18:591-600. [PMID: 34654656 DOI: 10.1016/j.explore.2021.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion reports that mental health disorders are one of the most "common causes of disability," affecting 18.1% of adults in the United States. This case series examines the use of diet, targeted nutrient supplementation with a focus on amino acids, and lifestyle interventions for the management of mood-related symptoms as a treatment option. CASE PRESENTATIONS The three cases included a personalized amino acid therapy protocol, nutrient cofactor supplementation, and diet and lifestyle recommendations. Clinical assessment questionnaires completed by the clients at intervals during care were used to determine proper amino acid dosing. The first client is a 65-year-old Caucasian male presenting with increased stress, anxiety, depression, and sleep disturbances. A marked decrease in symptoms was experienced three months. The second client is a 24-year-old Caucasian male presenting with concentration and memory impairment, anxiety and depression, food cravings leading to binge eating of carbohydrates, low sleep quality, and unsustainable energy. A substantial decrease in symptoms was achieved in under four months. The third client is a 23-year-old Caucasian male presenting with depression, easy agitation while ruminating on negative thoughts, difficulty focusing and making decisions, poor memory, concentration, and sleep quality, gaming addiction, and low energy and motivation. The client experienced considerable relief from all symptoms in under six months. CONCLUSION The case series demonstrated marked improvement in mood-related symptoms in as little as 3-6 months for three individuals utilizing amino acid therapy along with dietary, targeted nutrient supplementation, and lifestyle choices.
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24
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GC-MS- and NMR-Based Metabolomics and Molecular Docking Reveal the Potential Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitors from Psychotria malayana Jack Leaves. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14100978. [PMID: 34681203 PMCID: PMC8541227 DOI: 10.3390/ph14100978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychotria malayana Jack leaf, known in Indonesia as “daun salung”, is traditionally used for the treatment of diabetes and other diseases. Despite its potential, the phytochemical study related to its anti-diabetic activity is still lacking. Thus, this study aimed to identify putative inhibitors of α-glucosidase, a prominent enzyme contributing to diabetes type 2 in P. malayana leaf extract using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)- and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomics, and to investigate the molecular interaction between those inhibitors and the enzyme through in silico approach. Twenty samples were extracted with different solvent ratios of methanol–water (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100% v/v). All extracts were tested on the alpha-glucosidase inhibition (AGI) assay and analyzed using GC-MS and NMR. Multivariate data analysis through a partial least square (PLS) and orthogonal partial square (OPLS) models were developed in order to correlate the metabolite profile and the bioactivity leading to the annotation of the putative bioactive compounds in the plant extracts. A total of ten putative bioactive compounds were identified and some of them reported in this plant for the first time, namely 1,3,5-benzenetriol (1); palmitic acid (2); cholesta-7,9(11)-diene-3-ol (3); 1-monopalmitin (4); β-tocopherol (5); α-tocopherol (6); 24-epicampesterol (7); stigmast-5-ene (8); 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid (10); and glutamine (11). For the evaluation of the potential binding modes between the inhibitors and protein, the in silico study via molecular docking was performed where the crystal structure of Saccharomyces cerevisiae isomaltase (PDB code: 3A4A) was used. Ten amino acid residues, namely ASP352, HIE351, GLN182, ARG442, ASH215, SER311, ARG213, GLH277, GLN279, and PRO312 established hydrogen bond in the docked complex, as well as hydrophobic interaction of other amino acid residues with the putative compounds. The α-glucosidase inhibitors showed moderate to high binding affinities (−5.5 to −9.4 kcal/mol) towards the active site of the enzymatic protein, where compounds 3, 5, and 8 showed higher binding affinity compared to both quercetin and control ligand.
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25
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Hasani M, Mansour A, Asayesh H, Djalalinia S, Mahdavi Gorabi A, Ochi F, Qorbani M. Effect of glutamine supplementation on cardiometabolic risk factors and inflammatory markers: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2021; 21:190. [PMID: 33865313 PMCID: PMC8053267 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-021-01986-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Evidence exists that glutamine plays multiple roles in glucose metabolism, insulin sensitivity, and anti-inflammatory effects. This systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled trials aimed to assess the effect of glutamine supplementation on cardio-metabolic risk factors and inflammatory markers. Methods The processes of systematic reviews and meta-analyses were performed according to the PRISMA checklist. PubMed, Web of Sciences, Cochrane library, and Scopus databases were search for relevant studies without time or language restrictions up to December 30, 2020. All randomized clinical trials which assessed the effect of glutamine supplementation on “glycemic indices”, “level of triglyceride, “and “inflammatory markers” were included in the study. The effect of glutamine supplementation on cardio-metabolic risk factors and inflammatory markers was assessed using a standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Heterogeneity between among studies was assessed using Cochran Q-statistic and I-square. Random/fixed-effects meta-analysis method was used to estimate the pooled SMD. The risk of bias for the included trials was evaluated using the Cochrane quality assessment tool. Results In total, 12 studies that assessed the effect of glutamine supplementation on cardio-metabolic risk factors were included in the study. Meta-analysis showed that glutamine supplementation significantly decreased significantly serum levels of FPG [SMD: − 0.73, 95% CI − 1.35, − 0.11, I2: 84.1%] and CRP [SMD: − 0.58, 95% CI − 0.1, − 0.17, I2: 0%]. The effect of glutamine supplementation on other cardiometabolic risk factors was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Conclusion Our findings showed that glutamine supplementation might have a positive effect on FPG and CRP; both of which are crucial as cardio-metabolic risk factors. However, supplementation had no significant effect on other cardio-metabolic risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motahareh Hasani
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Asieh Mansour
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology, Research Institute Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.,Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Asayesh
- Department of Medical Emergencies, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran.
| | - Shirin Djalalinia
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Development of Research and Technology Center, Deputy of Research and Technology, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Armita Mahdavi Gorabi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ochi
- Students Research Committee, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mostafa Qorbani
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran. .,Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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