1
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Zhou X, Medina-Ramirez IE, Su G, Liu Y, Yan B. All Roads Lead to Rome: Comparing Nanoparticle- and Small Molecule-Driven Cell Autophagy. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2310966. [PMID: 38616767 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202310966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Autophagy, vital for removing cellular waste, is triggered differently by small molecules and nanoparticles. Small molecules, like rapamycin, non-selectively activate autophagy by inhibiting the mTOR pathway, which is essential for cell regulation. This can clear damaged components but may cause cytotoxicity with prolonged use. Nanoparticles, however, induce autophagy, often causing oxidative stress, through broader cellular interactions and can lead to a targeted form known as "xenophagy." Their impact varies with their properties but can be harnessed therapeutically. In this review, the autophagy induced by nanoparticles is explored and small molecules across four dimensions: the mechanisms behind autophagy induction, the outcomes of such induction, the toxicological effects on cellular autophagy, and the therapeutic potential of employing autophagy triggered by nanoparticles or small molecules. Although small molecules and nanoparticles each induce autophagy through different pathways and lead to diverse effects, both represent invaluable tools in cell biology, nanomedicine, and drug discovery, offering unique insights and therapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Zhou
- College of Science & Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Analysis and Control of Zoonotic Pathogenic Microorganism, Baoding, 071100, China
| | - Iliana E Medina-Ramirez
- Department of Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Av Universidad 940, Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, México
| | - Gaoxing Su
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Yin Liu
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou, 10024, China
| | - Bing Yan
- Institute of Environmental Research at the Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
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2
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Mei L, Liao K, Chen H, Zhang Y, Zhang Z, Li Q, Li M. Application of Nanomaterials and Related Drug Delivery Systems in Autophagy. Molecules 2024; 29:3513. [PMID: 39124918 PMCID: PMC11313712 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29153513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Autophagy, a lysosomal self-degradation pathway, plays a critical role in cellular homeostasis by degrading endogenous damaged organelles and protein aggregates into recyclable biological molecules. Additionally, it detoxifies extracellular toxic substances, including drugs and toxic materials, thereby preserving the stability of the intracellular environment. The swift progression of nanotechnology has led to an increased focus on understanding the relationship between nanomaterials and autophagy. The effects of various nanomaterials and nano drug delivery systems on autophagy and their biological functions have been preliminarily assessed, revealing that modulation of intracellular autophagy levels by these agents represents a novel cellular response mechanism. Notably, autophagy regulation based on nanomaterials or nano drug delivery systems for a range of diseases is currently the subject of extensive research. Given the close association between autophagy levels and tumors, the regulation of autophagy has emerged as a highly active area of research in the development of innovative tumor therapies. This review synthesizes the current understanding of the application of nanomaterials or nano drug delivery systems on autophagy and their potential biological functions, suggesting a new avenue for nanomaterial-based autophagy regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Mei
- Engineering Research Center for Pharmaceuticals and Equipment of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China; (L.M.)
| | - Kai Liao
- Engineering Research Center for Pharmaceuticals and Equipment of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China; (L.M.)
| | - Haiyan Chen
- Engineering Research Center for Pharmaceuticals and Equipment of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China; (L.M.)
| | - Yifan Zhang
- Engineering Research Center for Pharmaceuticals and Equipment of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China; (L.M.)
| | - Zihan Zhang
- Engineering Research Center for Pharmaceuticals and Equipment of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China; (L.M.)
| | - Qiangwei Li
- Engineering Research Center for Pharmaceuticals and Equipment of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China; (L.M.)
| | - Man Li
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug, Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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3
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Walweel N, Aydin O. Enhancing Therapeutic Efficacy in Cancer Treatment: Integrating Nanomedicine with Autophagy Inhibition Strategies. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:27832-27852. [PMID: 38973850 PMCID: PMC11223161 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c02234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
The complicated stepwise lysosomal degradation process known as autophagy is in charge of destroying and eliminating damaged organelles and defective cytoplasmic components. This mechanism promotes metabolic adaptability and nutrition recycling. Autophagy functions as a quality control mechanism in cells that support homeostasis and redox balance under normal circumstances. However, the role of autophagy in cancer is controversial because, mostly depending on the stage of the tumor, it may either suppress or support the disease. While autophagy delays the onset of tumors and slows the dissemination of cancer in the early stages of tumorigenesis, numerous studies demonstrate that autophagy promotes the development and spread of tumors as well as the evolution and development of resistance to several anticancer drugs in advanced cancer stages. In this Review, we primarily emphasize the therapeutic role of autophagy inhibition in improving the treatment of multiple cancers and give a broad overview of how its inhibition modulates cancer responses. There have been various attempts to inhibit autophagy, including the use of autophagy inhibitor drugs, gene silencing therapy (RNA interference), and nanoparticles. In this Review, all these topics are thoroughly covered and illustrated by recent studies and field investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada Walweel
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38039, Turkey
- NanoThera
Lab, ERFARMA-Drug Application and Research Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38280, Turkey
| | - Omer Aydin
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38039, Turkey
- NanoThera
Lab, ERFARMA-Drug Application and Research Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38280, Turkey
- ERNAM-Nanotechnology
Research and Application Center, Erciyes
University, Kayseri 38039, Turkey
- ERKAM-Clinical-Engineering
Research and Implementation Center, Erciyes
University, Kayseri 38030, Turkey
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4
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Florance I, Cordani M, Pashootan P, Moosavi MA, Zarrabi A, Chandrasekaran N. The impact of nanomaterials on autophagy across health and disease conditions. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:184. [PMID: 38630152 PMCID: PMC11024050 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05199-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Autophagy, a catabolic process integral to cellular homeostasis, is constitutively active under physiological and stress conditions. The role of autophagy as a cellular defense response becomes particularly evident upon exposure to nanomaterials (NMs), especially environmental nanoparticles (NPs) and nanoplastics (nPs). This has positioned autophagy modulation at the forefront of nanotechnology-based therapeutic interventions. While NMs can exploit autophagy to enhance therapeutic outcomes, they can also trigger it as a pro-survival response against NP-induced toxicity. Conversely, a heightened autophagy response may also lead to regulated cell death (RCD), in particular autophagic cell death, upon NP exposure. Thus, the relationship between NMs and autophagy exhibits a dual nature with therapeutic and environmental interventions. Recognizing and decoding these intricate patterns are essential for pioneering next-generation autophagy-regulating NMs. This review delves into the present-day therapeutic potential of autophagy-modulating NMs, shedding light on their status in clinical trials, intervention of autophagy in the therapeutic applications of NMs, discusses the potency of autophagy for application as early indicator of NM toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Florance
- Centre for Nanobiotechnology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Marco Cordani
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Parya Pashootan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Medical Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, P.O Box 14965/161, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Moosavi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Medical Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, P.O Box 14965/161, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istinye University, Istanbul, 34396, Turkey
- Department of Research Analytics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, 600 077, India
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Natarajan Chandrasekaran
- Centre for Nanobiotechnology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India.
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5
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Nie B, Liu X, Lei C, Liang X, Zhang D, Zhang J. The role of lysosomes in airborne particulate matter-induced pulmonary toxicity. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 919:170893. [PMID: 38342450 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
An investigation of the potential role of lysosomes in airborne particulate matter (APM) induced health risks is essential to fully comprehend the pathogenic mechanisms of respiratory diseases. It is commonly accepted that APM-induced lung injury is caused by oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, and DNA damage. In addition, there exists abundant evidence that changes in lysosomal function are essential for cellular adaptation to a variety of particulate stimuli. This review emphasizes that disruption of the lysosomal structure/function is a key step in the cellular metabolic imbalance induced by APMs. After being ingested by cells, most particles are localized within lysosomes. Thus, lysosomes become the primary locus where APMs accumulate, and here they undergo degradation and release toxic components. Recent studies have provided incontrovertible evidence that a wide variety of APMs interfere with the normal function of lysosomes. After being stimulated by APMs, lysosome rupture leads to a loss of lysosomal acidic conditions and the inactivation of proteolytic enzymes, promoting an inflammatory response by activating the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome. Moreover, APMs interfere with autophagosome production or block autophagic flux, resulting in autophagy dysfunction. Additionally, APMs disrupt the normal function of lysosomes in iron metabolism, leading to disruption on iron homeostasis. Therefore, understanding the impacts of APM exposure from the perspective of lysosomes will provide new insights into the detrimental consequences of air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingxue Nie
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Biomedical Sciences College, Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250117, Shandong, China; Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250117, Shandong, China
| | - Xin Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Biomedical Sciences College, Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250117, Shandong, China
| | - Chengying Lei
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Biomedical Sciences College, Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250117, Shandong, China
| | - Xue Liang
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250117, Shandong, China
| | - Daoqiang Zhang
- Weihai Central Hospital Central Laboratory, Weihai 264400, Shandong, China.
| | - Jie Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Biomedical Sciences College, Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250117, Shandong, China.
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6
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Wang J, Ma C, Tang Z, Sun Z, Qaed E, Chi X, Wang J, Jamalat Y, Geng Z, Tang Z, Yao Q. Mechanism study of oleanolic acid derivative, K73-03, inducing cell apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Cell Int 2024; 24:17. [PMID: 38185661 PMCID: PMC10771654 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-03119-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Oleanolic acid (3β-hydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid, OA) is a kind of pentacyclic triterpene, which widely distributes in nature. OA possesses a powerful anti-cancer effect; however, its low solubility limits its bioavailability and application. In this study, a new OA derivative, K73-03, was used to determine its effect on liver cancer cells and detailed molecular mechanisms. Here, we show that K73-03 may lead to the disorder of mitochondria in HepG2 cells, leading to excessive ROS production and apoptosis in cells. Meanwhile, K73-03 could induce cell apoptosis by inhibiting JAK2/STAT3 pathway and NF-κB/P65 pathway. Collectively, this study may provide a preliminary basis for further cancer treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Wang
- Department of Physiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130000, China
| | - Chuchu Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Zhongyuan Tang
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130033, P.R. China
| | - Zhengwu Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Eskandar Qaed
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xinming Chi
- Histology and Embryology Department, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Pathophysiology Department, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yazeed Jamalat
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Zhaohong Geng
- Department of Cardiology, 2th Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Zhongshan Road No. 467, Dalian, 116000, China.
| | - Zeyao Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
| | - Qiying Yao
- Department of Physiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
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7
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Qiao D, Zhang T, Tang M. Autophagy regulation by inorganic, organic, and organic/inorganic hybrid nanoparticles: Organelle damage, regulation factors, and potential pathways. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2023; 37:e23429. [PMID: 37409715 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
The rapid development of nanotechnology requires a more thorough understanding of the potential health effects caused by nanoparticles (NPs). As a programmed cell death, autophagy is one of the biological effects induced by NPs, which maintain intracellular homeostasis by degrading damaged organelles and removing aggregates of defective proteins through lysosomes. Currently, autophagy has been shown to be associated with the development of several diseases. A significant number of research have demonstrated that most NPs can regulate autophagy, and their regulation of autophagy is divided into induction and blockade. Studying the autophagy regulation by NPs will facilitate a more comprehensive understanding of the toxicity of NPs. In this review, we will illustrate the effects of different types of NPs on autophagy, including inorganic NPs, organic NPs, and organic/inorganic hybrid NPs. The potential mechanisms by which NPs regulate autophagy are highlighted, including organelle damage, oxidative stress, inducible factors, and multiple signaling pathways. In addition, we list the factors influencing NPs-regulated autophagy. This review may provide basic information for the safety assessment of NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Meng Tang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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8
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Chen JL, Wu X, Yin D, Jia XH, Chen X, Gu ZY, Zhu XM. Autophagy inhibitors for cancer therapy: Small molecules and nanomedicines. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 249:108485. [PMID: 37406740 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a conserved process in which the cytosolic materials are degraded and eventually recycled for cellular metabolism to maintain homeostasis. The dichotomous role of autophagy in pathogenesis is complicated. Accumulating reports have suggested that cytoprotective autophagy is responsible for tumor growth and progression. Autophagy inhibitors, such as chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), are promising for treating malignancies or overcoming drug resistance in chemotherapy. With the rapid development of nanotechnology, nanomaterials also show autophagy-inhibitory effects or are reported as the carriers delivering autophagy inhibitors. In this review, we summarize the small-molecule compounds and nanomaterials inhibiting autophagic flux as well as the mechanisms involved. The nanocarrier-based drug delivery systems for autophagy inhibitors and their distinct advantages are also described. The progress of autophagy inhibitors for clinical applications is finally introduced, and their future perspectives are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Li Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Xuan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Dan Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Xu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Ze-Yun Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau SAR, China.
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9
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Hu YT, Wu KX, Wang XT, Zhao YY, Jiang XY, Liu D, Tong ML, Liu LL. Treponema pallidum promoted microglia apoptosis and prevented itself from clearing by human microglia via blocking autophagic flux. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011594. [PMID: 37611054 PMCID: PMC10446187 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Treponema pallidum (Tp) has a well-known ability to evade the immune system and can cause neurosyphilis by invading the central nervous system (CNS). Microglia are resident macrophages of the CNS that are essential for host defense against pathogens, this study aims to investigate the interaction between Tp and microglia and the potential mechanism. Here, we found that Tp can exert significant toxic effects on microglia in vivo in Tg (mpeg1: EGFP) transgenic zebrafish embryos. Single-cell RNA sequencing results showed that Tp downregulated autophagy-related genes in human HMC3 microglial cells, which is negatively associated with apoptotic gene expression. Biochemical and cell biology assays further established that Tp inhibits microglial autophagy by interfering with the autophagosome-lysosome fusion process. Transcription factor EB (TFEB) is a master regulator of lysosome biogenesis, Tp activates the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling to inhibit the nuclear translocation of TFEB, leading to decreased lysosomal biogenesis and accumulated autophagosome. Importantly, the inhibition of autophagosome formation reversed Tp-induced apoptosis and promoted microglial clearance of Tp. Taken together, these findings show that Tp blocks autophagic flux by inhibiting TFEB-mediated lysosomal biosynthesis in human microglia. Autophagosome accumulation was demonstrated to be a key mechanism underlying the effects of Tp in promoting apoptosis and preventing itself from clearing by human microglia. This study offers novel perspectives on the potential mechanism of immune evasion employed by Tp within CNS. The results not only establish the pivotal role of autophagy dysregulation in the detrimental effects of Tp on microglial cells but also bear considerable implications for the development of therapeutic strategies against Tp, specifically involving mTORC1 inhibitors and autophagosome formation inhibitors, in the context of neurosyphilis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Ting Hu
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Kai-Xuan Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, China
| | - Xiao-Tong Wang
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Department of Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuan-Yi Zhao
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xiao-Yong Jiang
- Department of Dermatology, Zhongshan Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Man-Li Tong
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Li-Li Liu
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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10
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Montalvão MF, Chagas TQ, Rodrigues ASDL, Guimarães ATB, Malafaia G. Long-term exposure of zebrafish juveniles to carbon nanofibers at predicted environmentally relevant concentrations: Outspreading warns about ecotoxicological risks to freshwater fish. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 878:163153. [PMID: 37003323 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Although carbon-based nanomaterials (CNMs) toxicity has already been demonstrated in some animal models, little is known about the impact of carbon nanofibers (CNFs) on aquatic vertebrates. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the possible effects of long-term exposure of zebrafish (Danio rerio) juveniles (90 days) to CNFs in predicted environmentally relevant concentrations (10 ng/L and 10 μg/L). Our data revealed that exposure to CNFs did not affect the growth and development of the animals, in addition to not having induced locomotor alterations or anxiety-like behavior. On the other hand, we observed that zebrafish exposed to CNFs showed a response deficit to the vibratory stimulus test, alteration in the density of neuromasts recorded in the final ventral region, as well as an increase in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances levels and a reduction in total antioxidant activity, nitric oxide, and acetylcholinesterase activity in the brain. Such data were directly associated with a higher concentration of total organic carbon in the brain, which suggests the bioaccumulation of CNFs. Furthermore, exposure to CNFs induced a picture suggestive of genomic instability, inferred by the increased frequency of nuclear abnormalities and DNA damage in circulating erythrocytes. Although the individual analyses of the biomarkers did not point to a concentration-dependent effect, the principal component analysis (PCA) and the Integrated Biomarker Response Index (IBRv2) indicate a more prominent effect induced by the higher CNFs concentration (10 μg/L). Therefore, our study confirms the impact of CNFs in the studied model (D. rerio) and sheds light on the ecotoxicological risks of these nanomaterials to freshwater fish. Based on the ecotoxicological screening provided by our study, new horizons are opened for investigations into the mechanisms of action of CNFs, which will help understand the magnitude of the impact of these materials on aquatic biota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateus Flores Montalvão
- Post-Graduation Program in Ecology, Conservation, and Biodiversity, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil; Laboratory of Toxicology Applied to the Environment, Goiano Federal Institute, Urutaí, GO, Brazil
| | - Thales Quintão Chagas
- State Secretariat of Environmental Development (SEDAM), Sedam's Conservation Units Coordination (CUC), Conservation Unit Management Division, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil
| | - Aline Sueli de Lima Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Toxicology Applied to the Environment, Goiano Federal Institute, Urutaí, GO, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program in Conservation of Cerrado Natural Resources, Goiano Federal Institute, Urutaí, GO, Brazil
| | | | - Guilherme Malafaia
- Post-Graduation Program in Ecology, Conservation, and Biodiversity, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil; Laboratory of Toxicology Applied to the Environment, Goiano Federal Institute, Urutaí, GO, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program in Conservation of Cerrado Natural Resources, Goiano Federal Institute, Urutaí, GO, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program in Biotechnology and Biodiversity, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil; Brazilian Academy of Young Scientists (ABJC), Brazil.
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11
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Wang L, Lin M, Hou X, Dou L, Huang Z, Liu R, Zhang J, Cai C, Chen C, Liu Y, Wang D, Guo D, An R, Wei L, Yao Y, Zhang Y. Black phosphorus quantum dots induce autophagy and apoptosis of human bronchial epithelial cells via endoplasmic reticulum stress. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 327:138463. [PMID: 36966929 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The board application of black phosphorus quantum dots (BP-QDs) increases the risk of inhalation exposure in the manufacturing process. The aim of this study is to explore the toxic effect of BP-QDs on human bronchial epithelial cells (Beas-2B) and lung tissue of Balb/c mice. METHODS The BP-QDs were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and a Malvern laser particle size analyzer. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and TEM were used to detect cytotoxicity and organelle injury. Damage to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) was detected by using the ER-Tracker molecular probe. Rates of apoptosis were detected by AnnexinV/PI staining. Phagocytic acid vesicles were detected using AO staining. Western blotting and immunohistochemistry were used to examine the molecular mechanisms. RESULTS After treatment with different concentrations of BP-QDs for 24 h, the cell viability decreased, as well as activation of the ER stress and autophagy. Furthermore, the rate of apoptosis was increased. Inhibition of ER stress caused by 4-phenyl butyric acid (4-PBA) was shown to significantly inhibit both apoptosis and autophagy, suggesting that ER stress could be an upstream mediator of both autophagy and apoptosis. BP-QD-induced autophagy can also inhibit the occurrence of apoptosis using molecules related to autophagy including rapamycin (Rapa), 3-methyladenine (3-MA), and bafilomycin A1 (Bafi A1). In general, BP-QDs activate ER stress in Beas-2B cells, which further induces autophagy and apoptosis, and autophagy may be activated as a factor that protects against apoptosis. We also observed strong staining of related proteins of ER stress, autophagy, and apoptosis proteins in mouse lung tissue following intracheal instillation over the course of a week. CONCLUSION BP-QD-induced ER stress facilitates autophagy and apoptosis in Beas-2B cells and autophagy may be activated as a protective factor against apoptosis. Under conditions of ER stress induced by BP-QDs, The interplay between autophagy and apoptosis determines cell fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Mo Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Xin Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Liangding Dou
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Zhi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Rong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Jinwen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Chuchu Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Chen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Ying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Dai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Dongbei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Ran An
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Lifang Wei
- Department of Nephrology, The Third People's Hospital Affiliated to Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Youliang Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China.
| | - Yongxing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China.
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12
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Zhang X, Hu X, Zhang Y, Liu B, Pan H, Liu Z, Yao Z, Zhu Q, Wu C, Shen T. Impaired autophagy-accelerated senescence of alveolar type II epithelial cells drives pulmonary fibrosis induced by single-walled carbon nanotubes. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:69. [PMID: 36849924 PMCID: PMC9970859 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-01821-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The rapid increase in production and application of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) has led to wide public concerns in their potential risks to human health. Single-walled CNTs (SWCNTs), as an extensively applied type of CNTs, have shown strong capacity to induce pulmonary fibrosis in animal models, however, the intrinsic mechanisms remain uncertain. RESULTS In vivo experiments, we showed that accelerated senescence of alveolar type II epithelial cells (AECIIs) was associated with pulmonary fibrosis in SWCNTs-exposed mice, as well as SWCNTs-induced fibrotic lungs exhibited impaired autophagic flux in AECIIs in a time dependent manner. In vitro, SWCNTs exposure resulted in profound dysfunctions of MLE-12 cells, characterized by impaired autophagic flux and accelerated cellular senescence. Furthermore, the conditioned medium from SWCNTs-exposed MLE-12 cells promoted fibroblast-myofibroblast transdifferentiation (FMT). Additionally, restoration of autophagy flux with rapamycin significantly alleviated SWCNTs-triggered senescence and subsequent FMT whereas inhibiting autophagy using 3-MA aggravated SWCNTs-triggered senescence in MLE-12 cells and FMT. CONCLUSION SWCNTs trigger senescence of AECIIs by impairing autophagic flux mediated pulmonary fibrosis. The findings raise the possibility of senescence-related cytokines as potential biomarkers for the hazard of CNTs exposure and regulating autophagy as an appealing target to halt CNTs-induced development of pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Zhang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environment Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Xinxin Hu
- Department of Occupational Health and Environment Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Yuqing Zhang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environment Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Medical Aspects of Specific Environments, School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Haihong Pan
- Department of Occupational Health and Environment Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Zikai Liu
- Department of Occupational Health and Environment Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Zhuomeng Yao
- Department of Occupational Health and Environment Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Qixing Zhu
- Department of Occupational Health and Environment Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Changhao Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Heath and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Tong Shen
- Department of Occupational Health and Environment Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.
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13
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Dou T, Chen J, Wang R, Pu X, Wu H, Zhao Y. Complementary protective effects of autophagy and oxidative response against graphene oxide toxicity in Caenorhabditis elegans. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 248:114289. [PMID: 36379072 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO) exposure may cause damage to C. elegans. However, the role of autophagy and its interactive effect with oxidative response in GO toxicity still remain largely unclear. In the present study, we investigated the protective role of autophagy against GO and its association with oxidative response using C. elegans as an in vivo system. Results indicated that GO exposure induced autophagy in a dose dependent manner in C. elegans. Autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA) and silencing autophagy genes lgg-1, bec-1 and unc-51 exacerbated the toxicity of GO whereas autophagy activator rapamycin alleviated it. In addition, the antioxidant N-Acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) effectively suppressed the toxicity of GO with increased resistance to oxidative stress. Worms with RNAi-induced antioxidative genes sod-1, sod-2, sod-3 and sod-4 knockdown were more sensitive to GO. 3-MA increased the expression of superoxide dismutase SOD-3 under GO exposure conditions and exacerbated the toxicity of GO under the anti-oxidation inaction condition by sod-3 RNAi. In contrast, NAC reduced autophagy levels in GO exposed nematodes and increased tolerance to GO in autophagy-defective worms. These results suggested that autophagy and antioxidative response provide complementary protection against GO in C. elegans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Dou
- School of Public Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingya Chen
- School of Public Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Wang
- School of Public Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxiao Pu
- School of Public Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, People's Republic of China
| | - Huazhang Wu
- School of Life Science, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yunli Zhao
- School of Public Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering in Ministry of Education, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
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Dai D, Chen Y, Wang Q, Wang C, Zhang C. Graphene oxide induced dynamic changes of autophagy-lysosome pathway and cell apoptosis via TFEB dysregulation in F98 cells. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 246:114172. [PMID: 36244172 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The extensive application of graphene oxide (GO) nanomaterials increases the risk of their release into the environment, thus posing a threat to the human body. Multiple studies indicate that GO could lead to neurotoxicity, while the intricate biological effects of GO in astrocytes remain unclear. The autophagic disorder was considered an important part of the exposure risk of GO in the application of neuromedicine. This study explored the key regulators mediating the autophagic process in rat astroglioma-derived F98 cells caused by GO, especially the dynamic changes in the cellular physiological state over time. We identified transcription factor EB (TFEB), a critical regulator of the autophagy-lysosome pathway (ALP), as a crucial factor in GO-induced autophagy flux blockade and cell apoptosis. Specifically, the prolonged exposure to GO increased the amount of its cellular internalization, which gradually prevented TFEB from entering the nucleus, thereby leading to the subsequent ALP dysfunction and excessive cell apoptosis. Furthermore, STIP1 homology and U-Box containing protein 1 (STUB1), an E3 ubiquitin ligase, was responsible for GO-triggered TFEB dysregulation, and overexpression of STUB1 helped alleviate GO cytotoxicity. Our study highlights that impaired TFEB activity underlies compromised autophagy flux in GO-induced apoptosis and opens up new avenues for the application of GO-based nanotherapeutics with specific autophagy-regulating properties in the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danni Dai
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Yuming Chen
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Qiuyu Wang
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Chunlin Wang
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China.
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15
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Zhang Z, Chen WQ, Zhang SQ, Bai JX, Liu B, Yung KKL, Ko JKS. Isoliquiritigenin inhibits pancreatic cancer progression through blockade of p38 MAPK-regulated autophagy. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 106:154406. [PMID: 36029643 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic cancer has been characterized by poor prognosis, early metastasis and dissatisfactory treatment outcome. The high basal level of autophagy in tumor cells leads to chemoresistance and tumor progression. Thus, it is imminent to explore novel effective chemotherapeutic adjuvants to increase patients' survival rate. Isoliquiritigenin (ISL) is a bioactive flavonoid obtained from the Traditional Chinese herbal medicine Glycyrrhiza glabra, and it possesses a broad range of pharmacological effects. In this study, the anti-cancer effect of ISL in pancreatic cancer treatment and the underlying mechanism are investigated. METHODS MTT assay, colony formation and EdU analysis were performed to explore the growth inhibition of ISL on pancreatic cancer cells. Apoptosis were analyzed using TUNEL and flow cytometry. The formations of autophagosomes were analyzed by immunofluorescence microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. RFP-GFP-LC3B probe was applied to detect the autophagy flux. To assess the structural interaction of ISL with p38 protein, molecular docking assays were performed. The molecular mechanism was elucidated by using western immunoblotting. Subsequently, the inhibition of ISL on tumor growth was determined in vivo using pancreatic tumor mice model. RESULTS ISL inhibited pancreatic cancer cell growth and induced apoptosis, both in vitro and in vivo. ISL caused accumulation of autophagosome through blockade of late stage autophagic flux. Moreover, autophagy inducer rapamycin enhanced ISL-evoked cell growth inhibition and promoted apoptosis, while inhibition of autophagosome formation by siAtg5 attenuated ISL-induced apoptosis. It is remarkable that ISL synergistically sensitized the cytotoxic effect of gemcitabine and 5-fluorouracil on pancreatic cancer cells as both drugs induced autophagy. Molecular docking analysis has indicated that ISL acted by direct targeting of p38 MAPK, which was confirmed by ISL-induced phosphorylation of p38. The autophagy flux induced by p38 inhibitor SB203580 was blocked by ISL, with further increasing toxicity of ISL in pancreatic cancer cells. CONCLUSION The results have revealed that ISL inhibited pancreatic cancer progression by blockade of autophagy through p38 MAPK signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Zhang
- Teaching and Research Division, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China; Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China; Golden Meditech Centre for NeuroRegeneration Sciences, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wen-Qing Chen
- Teaching and Research Division, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China; Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Shi-Qing Zhang
- JNU-HKUST Joint Laboratory for Neuroscience and Innovative Drug Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing-Xuan Bai
- Teaching and Research Division, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Integration of Traditional and Western Medicine of Guangzhou Medical University, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ken Kin-Lam Yung
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China; Golden Meditech Centre for NeuroRegeneration Sciences, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Joshua Ka-Shun Ko
- Teaching and Research Division, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China; Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, 7 Baptist University Road, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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16
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Liu L, Liu B, Zhang B, Ye Y, Jiang W. Polystyrene micro(nano)plastics damage the organelles of RBL-2H3 cells and promote MOAP-1 to induce apoptosis. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 438:129550. [PMID: 35999725 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The ubiquity of microplastics increases the exposure risks and health threats to humans. In this study, rat basophilic leukemia (RBL-2H3) cells were exposed to polystyrene particles (PS-particles) of 50 nm, 500 nm and 5 µm to investigate organelle damage and the mechanism of cell death. PS-particles induced oxidative stress, which in turn led to mitochondrial and lysosomal damage, arrested the cell cycle in the G0/G1 phase, and finally caused apoptosis. Anti-apoptotic genes (Bcl-2) were down regulated, and pro-apoptotic genes (Bax) and a key gene (caspase-3) in apoptosis were upregulated. The molecular mechanism of apoptosis was further explored via the combination of transcriptome sequencing, RT-qPCR verification and small interfering RNA (siRNA) technology. The modulator of apoptosis-1 (MOAP-1) was significantly upregulated, and apoptosis was abolished by knocking down MOAP-1. This finding clarifies that PS-particles promote MOAP-1 to induce apoptosis. Hence, PS-particles may promote the binding of MOAP-1 and Bax, which ultimately activates caspase-3 and causes apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway. The 50-nm PS-particles resulted in the most serious mitochondrial damage and apoptosis. Eventually, PS-particles cause oxidative stress, damage organelles and induce apoptosis by promoting MOAP-1. Altogether, our study emphasizes the need to assess the cytotoxicity of micro(nano)plastics and helps to predict the health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Liu
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China
| | - Bingyan Liu
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Bowen Zhang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Yiyuan Ye
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China.
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17
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Albendazole-induced autophagy blockade contributes to elevated apoptosis in cholangiocarcinoma cells through AMPK/mTOR activation. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2022; 454:116214. [PMID: 36055539 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2022.116214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Albendazole (ABZ) is a broad-spectrum anti-parasitic drug that exhibits antitumor effects against several carcinomas. The effects of ABZ on cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) and its underlying mechanisms are still unclear. Our study aims to investigate the role of ABZ in inducing autophagy-mediated apoptosis of cholangiocarcinoma cells. The antitumor effects of ABZ were evaluated against CCA cells and HIBEC intrahepatic biliary epithelial cells. Furthermore, the apoptosis rates, and autophagy flux in RBE and FRH-0201 cells treated with ABZ were investigated. ABZ inhibited proliferation, induced cell death and apoptosis in CCA cells in vitro. In vivo, tumors from ABZ- treated BALB/c nude mice were significantly smaller than untreated mice. ABZ also induced the initiation of autophagy via AMPK/mTOR pathways, resulting in the formation of autophagosome. In addition, ABZ blocked autophagic flux by inhibiting the fusion of autophagosome-lysosome, which increased the apoptotic death of CCA cells. However, the apoptotic death of CCA cells induced by ABZ was reversed by 3-methyladenine (3-MA), an autophagosome formation inhibitor, but increased by chloroquine (CQ), an autophagosome-lysosome fusion inhibitor.Our work provides novel mechanisms for anti-tumor effects of ABZ on CCA, suggesting that ABZ may be used as a potent autophagy inhibitor in the treatment of CCA.
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18
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Rapid and efficient testing of the toxicity of graphene-related materials in primary human lung cells. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7664. [PMID: 35538131 PMCID: PMC9088729 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11840-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Graphene and its derivative materials are manufactured by numerous companies and research laboratories, during which processes they can come into contact with their handlers' physiological barriers—for instance, their respiratory system. Despite their potential toxicity, these materials have even been used in face masks to prevent COVID-19 transmission. The increasingly widespread use of these materials requires the design and implementation of appropriate, versatile, and accurate toxicological screening methods to guarantee their safety. Murine models are adequate, though limited when exploring different doses and lengths of exposure—as this increases the number of animals required, contrary to the Three R's principle in animal experimentation. This article proposes an in vitro model using primary, non-transformed normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cells as an alternative to the most widely used model to date, the human lung tumor cell line A549. The model has been tested with three graphene derivatives—graphene oxide (GO), few-layer graphene (FLG), and small FLG (sFLG). We observed a cytotoxic effect (necrosis and apoptosis) at early (6- and 24-h) exposures, which intensified after seven days of contact between cells and the graphene-related materials (GRMs)—with cell death reaching 90% after a 5 µg/mL dose. A549 cells are more resistant to necrosis and apoptosis, yielding values less than half of NHBE cells at low concentrations of GRMs (between 0.05 and 5 µg/mL). Indeed, GRM-induced cell death in NHBE cells is comparable to that induced by toxic compounds such as diesel exhaust particles on the same cell line. We propose NHBE as a suitable model to test GRM-induced toxicity, allowing refinement of the dose concentrations and exposure timings for better-designed in vivo mouse assays.
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19
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Liu Y, Li H, Zheng Z, Niu A, Liu S, Li W, Ren P, Liu Y, Inam M, Guan L, Ma H. Rosa rugosa polysaccharide induces autophagy-mediated apoptosis in human cervical cancer cells via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 212:257-274. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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20
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Ye Y, Sun X, Zhang Y, Han X, Sun X. A novel cell-based electrochemical biosensor based on MnO2 catalysis for antioxidant activity evaluation of anthocyanins. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 202:113990. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.113990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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21
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Chen Z, Geng Y, Gao R, Zhong H, Chen J, Mu X, Chen X, Zhang Y, Li F, He J. Maternal exposure to CeO 2NPs derails placental development through trophoblast dysfunction mediated by excessive autophagy activation. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:131. [PMID: 35292031 PMCID: PMC8922923 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01334-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The increasing use of cerium dioxide nanoparticles (CeO2NPs) in biomedical field has attracted substantial attention about their potential risks to human health. Recent studies have shown that nanoparticles can induce placental dysfunction and even fetal abortion, but a more detailed mechanism of nanoparticles affecting placental development remains elusive. RESULTS Here, we constructed a mouse exposure model with different doses of CeO2NPs (2.5, 4, 5, 7.5, and 10 mg kg-1 day-1, average particle size 3-5 nm), finding that intravenous exposure to pregnant mice with CeO2NPs could cause abnormal placental development. Deposited nanoparticles were able to be observed in the placental trophoblast at doses of 5 and 7.5 mg kg-1 day-1. Diving into molecular mechanisms indicated that CeO2NPs exposure could lead to autophagy activation in placental trophoblast. At the cellular level, exposure to CeO2NPs inhibited the migration and invasion of HTR-8/SVneo and activated the autophagy through mammalian target of rapamycin complex1 (mTORC1) signaling pathway. Furthermore, inhibition of autophagy initiation by 3-Methyladenine (3-MA) partially restored the function of HTR-8/SVneo, while blocking autophagic flow by Chloroquine (CQ) aggravated the functional damage. CONCLUSIONS Maternal exposure to CeO2NPs impairs placental development through trophoblast dysfunction mediated by excessive autophagy activation. These results suggested that autophagy dysfunction may be a potential mechanism for the impairment of trophoblast by CeO2NPs exposure. As above, our findings provide insights into the toxicity mechanism to the reproductive system induced by rare-earth nanoparticles exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuxiu Chen
- School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction & Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yanqing Geng
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction & Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Rufei Gao
- School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction & Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Hangtian Zhong
- School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction & Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Jun Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xinyi Mu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction & Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xuemei Chen
- School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction & Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction & Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Fangfang Li
- School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction & Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Junlin He
- School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China. .,Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction & Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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22
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Zhang Q, Cao S, Qiu F, Kang N. Incomplete autophagy: Trouble is a friend. Med Res Rev 2022; 42:1545-1587. [PMID: 35275411 DOI: 10.1002/med.21884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Incomplete autophagy is an impaired self-eating process of intracellular macromolecules and organelles in which accumulated autophagosomes do not fuse with lysosomes for degradation, resulting in the blockage of autophagic flux. In this review, we summarized the literature over the past decade describing incomplete autophagy, and found that different from the double-edged sword effect of general autophagy on promoting cell survival or death, incomplete autophagy plays a crucial role in disrupting cellular homeostasis, and promotes only cell death. What matters is that incomplete autophagy is closely relevant to the pathogenesis and progression of various human diseases, which, meanwhile, intimately linking to the pharmacologic and toxicologic effects of several compounds. Here, we comprehensively reviewed the latest progress of incomplete autophagy on molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways. Moreover, implications of incomplete autophagy for pharmacotherapy are also discussed, which has great relevance for our understanding of the distinctive role of incomplete autophagy in cellular physiology and disease. Consequently, targeting incomplete autophagy may contribute to the development of novel generation therapeutic agents for diverse human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Shijie Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Kang
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
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Wang Y, Ma Y, Yao Y, Liu Q, Pang Y, Tang M. Ambient particulate matter triggers defective autophagy and hijacks endothelial cell renewal through oxidative stress-independent lysosomal impairment. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 286:117295. [PMID: 34438478 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Ambient particulate matter (APM) has been authenticated to exert hazards on human vascular endothelial cells, including abnormal autophagy. However, the potential reasons for autophagosome accumulation are still obscure. Since autophagy is a dynamic process, it is imperative to systemically consider the autophagic induction combined with its degradation to reflect realistic scenarios. Therefore, in the current study, different exposure durations were initially employed for the detection of autophagic marker proteins to assess the dynamic autophagic state preliminarily. Additionally, LC3 turn-over and autophagic flux assays were used to determine the specific cause of LC3II upregulation in EA.hy926 human vascular endothelial cells by a type of standard urban particulate matter, PM SRM1648a. As a result, PM SRM1648a stimulates excess autophagic vacuoles in EA. hy926 cells, in which the underlying causes are probably different at varying incubation endpoints. Intriguingly, LC3II upregulation was due to the intensifying autophagic initiation after 6 h of exposure, whereas as exposure period was extended to 24 h, overloaded autophagic vacuoles were attributed to the defective autophagy. Mechanistically, PM SRM1648a damages EA. hy926 cells by inducing lysosomal disequilibrium and resultant autophagic malfunction which are not directly mediated by oxidative stress. These data indicate that appropriate maintenance of lysosomal function and autophagic flux is probably a protective measure against APM-induced endothelial cell damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China.
| | - Ying Ma
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Yongshuai Yao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Yanting Pang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Meng Tang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
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24
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Ristic B, Harhaji-Trajkovic L, Bosnjak M, Dakic I, Mijatovic S, Trajkovic V. Modulation of Cancer Cell Autophagic Responses by Graphene-Based Nanomaterials: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13164145. [PMID: 34439299 PMCID: PMC8392723 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13164145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Graphene-based nanomaterials (GNM) are one-to-several carbon atom-thick flakes of graphite with at least one lateral dimension <100 nm. The unique electronic structure, high surface-to-volume ratio, and relatively low toxicity make GNM potentially useful in cancer treatment. GNM such as graphene, graphene oxide, graphene quantum dots, and graphene nanofibers are able to induce autophagy in cancer cells. During autophagy the cell digests its own components in organelles called lysosomes, which can either kill cancer cells or promote their survival, as well as influence the immune response against the tumor. However, a deeper understanding of GNM-autophagy interaction at the mechanistic and functional level is needed before these findings could be exploited to increase GNM effectiveness as cancer therapeutics and drug delivery systems. In this review, we analyze molecular mechanisms of GNM-mediated autophagy modulation and its possible implications for the use of GNM in cancer therapy. Abstract Graphene-based nanomaterials (GNM) are plausible candidates for cancer therapeutics and drug delivery systems. Pure graphene and graphene oxide nanoparticles, as well as graphene quantum dots and graphene nanofibers, were all able to trigger autophagy in cancer cells through both transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms involving oxidative/endoplasmic reticulum stress, AMP-activated protein kinase, mechanistic target of rapamycin, mitogen-activated protein kinase, and Toll-like receptor signaling. This was often coupled with lysosomal dysfunction and subsequent blockade of autophagic flux, which additionally increased the accumulation of autophagy mediators that participated in apoptotic, necrotic, or necroptotic death of cancer cells and influenced the immune response against the tumor. In this review, we analyze molecular mechanisms and structure–activity relationships of GNM-mediated autophagy modulation, its consequences for cancer cell survival/death and anti-tumor immune response, and the possible implications for the use of GNM in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biljana Ristic
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (B.R.); (I.D.)
| | - Ljubica Harhaji-Trajkovic
- Department of Neurophysiology, Institute for Biological Research “Sinisa Stankovic”, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Mihajlo Bosnjak
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Ivana Dakic
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (B.R.); (I.D.)
| | - Srdjan Mijatovic
- Clinic for Emergency Surgery, Clinical Centre of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Vladimir Trajkovic
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (B.R.); (I.D.)
- Correspondence:
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25
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Yang C, Zhu Y, Guan C, Wang L, Xu L, Li D, Zhang S, Zhang L, Yang D, Xu Y. Crystal Phase-Related Toxicity of One-Dimensional Titanium Dioxide Nanomaterials on Kidney Cells. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:3499-3506. [PMID: 35014434 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
One-dimensional (1D) nanomaterials are widely used in different fields, and the increased application of 1D nanomaterials has drawn concerns about their unknown toxicity. 1D titanium oxide (TiO2) nanomaterials in different crystal phases are commonly applied in environmental remediation and solar energy conversion fields, but these materials pose a threat to human health, especially to the kidneys, an organ with abundant blood flow. To systematically evaluate the cytotoxicity to the kidneys, TiO2 nanofibers with TiO2(B), anatase, and rutile phases, as well as nanorods with anatase and rutile phases were synthesized and added to the culture medium of HK2 cells. Cell counting kit-8 assay, 2',7'-dichlorofluorescin diacetate assay, Hoechst 33342 staining experiments, and quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction tests were used to explore the renal effects of the as-prepared TiO2 nanomaterials in the short term or long term. In the short-term evaluation, all the added TiO2 nanomaterials were toxic to HK2 cells, and the cytotoxicity was dose-dependent. Rutile TiO2 can widely attach to the cell surface and displays the most serious cell-killing and proapoptotic ability, while anatase induces the most serious oxidative stress. In long-term evaluation, all the as-prepared TiO2 nanomaterials led to epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT), a mechanism of renal fibrosis. Consistent with the short-term results, rutile induced the most serious EMT. This study indicated that the renal toxicity of 1D TiO2 nanomaterials is crystal phase-dependent and that rutile induced the most significant renal cell injury. Oxidative stress is a crucial but not the only contributor to the renal toxicity of TiO2 nanomaterials in the short term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyu Yang
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yukun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-fibers and Eco-textiles, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Biobased Fibers and Ecological Textiles, Institute of Marine Biobased Materials, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Chen Guan
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Lingyu Xu
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Daohao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-fibers and Eco-textiles, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Biobased Fibers and Ecological Textiles, Institute of Marine Biobased Materials, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Shuchao Zhang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Lixue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-fibers and Eco-textiles, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Biobased Fibers and Ecological Textiles, Institute of Marine Biobased Materials, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Dongjiang Yang
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China.,State Key Laboratory of Bio-fibers and Eco-textiles, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Biobased Fibers and Ecological Textiles, Institute of Marine Biobased Materials, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
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26
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Hyperthermia induced disruption of mechanical balance leads to G1 arrest and senescence in cells. Biochem J 2021; 478:179-196. [PMID: 33346336 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20200705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Human body temperature limits below 40°C during heat stroke or fever. The implications of prolonged exposure to the physiologically relevant temperature (40°C) on cellular mechanobiology is poorly understood. Here, we have examined the effects of heat stress (40°C for 72 h incubation) in human lung adenocarcinoma (A549), mouse melanoma (B16F10), and non-cancerous mouse origin adipose tissue cells (L929). Hyperthermia increased the level of ROS, γ-H2AX and HSP70 and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential in the cells. Heat stress impaired cell division, caused G1 arrest, induced cellular senescence, and apoptosis in all the tested cell lines. The cells incubated at 40°C for 72 h displayed a significant decrease in the f-actin level and cellular traction as compared with cells incubated at 37°C. Also, the cells showed a larger focal adhesion area and stronger adhesion at 40°C than at 37°C. The mitotic cells at 40°C were unable to round up properly and displayed retracting actin stress fibers. Hyperthermia down-regulated HDAC6, increased the acetylation level of microtubules, and perturbed the chromosome alignment in the mitotic cells at 40°C. Overexpression of HDAC6 rescued the cells from the G1 arrest and reduced the delay in cell rounding at 40°C suggesting a crucial role of HDAC6 in hyperthermia mediated responses. This study elucidates the significant role of cellular traction, focal adhesions, and cytoskeletal networks in mitotic cell rounding and chromosomal misalignment. It also highlights the significance of HDAC6 in heat-evoked senile cellular responses.
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27
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Guan S, Tao S, Huang Y, Jin Y, Hu Y, Lu J. Combined toxic effects of CBNPs and Pb on rat alveolar macrophage apoptosis and autophagy flux. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 205:111062. [PMID: 32846292 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Carbon black (CB) and heavy metals are the main components of Particulate Matter (PM). Although the individual toxicities of CB and heavy metals have been extensively studied, the combined toxicity is much less understood. In this study, we choose the nano carbon black (CBNPs) and Pb2+ to simulate fine particles in the atmosphere and study the combined toxic effect on rat alveolar macrophages. The data showed that CBNPs could adsorb Pb2+ to form CBNPs-Pb2+ complex and displayed an altered physical properties by particle characterization. CBNPs-Pb2+ synergistically induced rat alveolar macrophages apoptosis and blocked autophagy flux compared with CBNPs and Pb2+ individually. Consistent with this, CBNPs-Pb2+ could impair the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), activate apoptotic signaling pathways, inhibit lysosomal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Guan
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, People's Republic of China; College of Food Science and Engneering, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - SiYu Tao
- College of Basic Medical Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - YiXuan Huang
- College of Food Science and Engneering, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - YingLi Jin
- College of Basic Medical Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - YuTing Hu
- College of Food Science and Engneering, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Lu
- College of Food Science and Engneering, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, People's Republic of China.
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28
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Yang Q, Cristea A, Roberts C, Liu K, Song Y, Xiao H, Shi H, Ma Y. Unveil early-stage nanocytotoxicity by a label-free single cell pH nanoprobe. Analyst 2020; 145:7210-7224. [PMID: 32960188 PMCID: PMC7655686 DOI: 10.1039/d0an01437k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Single-cell analysis is an emerging research area that aims to reveal delicate cellular status and underlying mechanisms by conquering the intercellular heterogeneity. Current single-cell research methods, however, are highly dependent on cell-destructive protocols and cannot sequentially display the progress of cellular events. A recently developed pH nanoprobe in our lab conceptually showed its ability to detect intracellular pH (pHi) without cell labeling or disruption. In the present study, we took the cytotoxicity of nanoparticles (NPs) as a typical example of cell heterogeneity, to testify the practicality of the pH nanoprobe in interpreting cell status. Three types of NPs (CeO2, TiO2, and SiO2) were employed to generate varied toxic effects. Results showed that the traditional assays - including cell viability, intracellular ROS generation, and mitochondrial inner membrane depolarization - not only failed to report the nanotoxicity accurately and timely, but also drew confusing or misleading conclusions. The pH nanoprobe revealed explicit pHi changes induced by the NPs, which corresponded well with the cell damages found by the transmission electron microscopic (TEM) imaging. Besides, our results unveiled an unexpectedly devastating effect of SiO2 NPs on cells during the early stage NP-cell interaction. The developed novel pH nanoprobe demonstrated a rapid sensing capability at single-cell resolution with minimum invasiveness. Therefore, it may become a promising alternative for a wide range of applications in areas such as single-cell research and precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingbo Yang
- Department of Chemistry, and Center for Biomedical Research, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409, USA.
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29
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Feng X, Zhang Y, Zhang C, Lai X, Zhang Y, Wu J, Hu C, Shao L. Nanomaterial-mediated autophagy: coexisting hazard and health benefits in biomedicine. Part Fibre Toxicol 2020; 17:53. [PMID: 33066795 PMCID: PMC7565835 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-020-00372-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Widespread biomedical applications of nanomaterials (NMs) bring about increased human exposure risk due to their unique physicochemical properties. Autophagy, which is of great importance for regulating the physiological or pathological activities of the body, has been reported to play a key role in NM-driven biological effects both in vivo and in vitro. The coexisting hazard and health benefits of NM-mediated autophagy in biomedicine are nonnegligible and require our particular concerns. MAIN BODY We collected research on the toxic effects related to NM-mediated autophagy both in vivo and in vitro. Generally, NMs can be delivered into animal models through different administration routes, or internalized by cells through different uptake pathways, exerting varying degrees of damage in tissues, organs, cells, and organelles, eventually being deposited in or excreted from the body. In addition, other biological effects of NMs, such as oxidative stress, inflammation, necroptosis, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis, have been associated with autophagy and cooperate to regulate body activities. We therefore highlight that NM-mediated autophagy serves as a double-edged sword, which could be utilized in the treatment of certain diseases related to autophagy dysfunction, such as cancer, neurodegenerative disease, and cardiovascular disease. Challenges and suggestions for further investigations of NM-mediated autophagy are proposed with the purpose to improve their biosafety evaluation and facilitate their wide application. Databases such as PubMed and Web of Science were utilized to search for relevant literature, which included all published, Epub ahead of print, in-process, and non-indexed citations. CONCLUSION In this review, we focus on the dual effect of NM-mediated autophagy in the biomedical field. It has become a trend to use the benefits of NM-mediated autophagy to treat clinical diseases such as cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. Understanding the regulatory mechanism of NM-mediated autophagy in biomedicine is also helpful for reducing the toxic effects of NMs as much as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Feng
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, 366 South Jiangnan Road, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Yaqing Zhang
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Street, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Orthodontic Department, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, 366 South Jiangnan Road, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Xuan Lai
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Street, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yanli Zhang
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, 366 South Jiangnan Road, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Junrong Wu
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Street, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Chen Hu
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Street, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Longquan Shao
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Street, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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30
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Gao J, Chen X, Ma T, He B, Li P, Zhao Y, Ma Y, Zhuang J, Yin Y. PEG-Ceramide Nanomicelles Induce Autophagy and Degrade Tau Proteins in N2a Cells. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:6779-6789. [PMID: 32982233 PMCID: PMC7494393 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s258311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that manifests as abnormal behavior and a progressive decline in memory. Although the pathogenesis of AD is due to the excessive deposition of amyloid β protein (Aβ) outside the neurons in the brain, evidence suggests that tau proteins may be a better target for AD therapy. In neurodegenerative diseases, a decrease in autophagy results in the failure to eliminate abnormally deposited or misfolded proteins. Therefore, induction of autophagy may be an effective way to eliminate tau proteins in the treatment of AD. We investigated the effects of polyethylene glycol (PEG)-ceramide nanomicelles on autophagy and on tau proteins in N2a, a murine neuroblastoma metrocyte cell line. Methods Ceramide is a sphingolipid bioactive molecule that induces autophagy. PEG-ceramide is a polymer that is composed of the hydrophobic chain of ceramide and the hydrophilic chain of PEG-2000. In this study, we prepared PEG-ceramide nanomicelles that were 10–20 nm in size and had nearly neutral zeta potential. Results The results show that PEG-ceramide nanomicelles caused an increase in the LC3-II/LC3-I ratio, while p62 protein levels decreased. Confocal microscopy revealed a significant increase in the number of dots corresponding to autophagosomes and autolysosomes, which indicated autophagic activation. Moreover, PEG-ceramide nanomicelles induced tau degradation in N2a cells through autophagy. Conclusion In summary, we have confirmed that PEG-ceramide nanomicelles enhanced autophagic flux and degraded overexpressed human tau proteins in N2a cells by regulating the autophagy pathway. Thus, PEG-ceramide nanomicelles show great promise as agents to induce autophagy and degrade tau proteins in the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Gao
- Department of Neurology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohan Chen
- Department of Neurology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianjun Ma
- Department of Neurology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin He
- Department of Neurology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Neurology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, People's Republic of China
| | - Yucheng Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuejin Ma
- Department of Neurology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhua Zhuang
- Department of Neurology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, People's Republic of China
| | - You Yin
- Department of Neurology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, People's Republic of China
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31
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Liu L, Zhang M, Zhang Q, Jiang W. Graphene nanosheets damage the lysosomal and mitochondrial membranes and induce the apoptosis of RBL-2H3 cells. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 734:139229. [PMID: 32450398 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The induced membrane damage is a key mechanism for the cytotoxicity of graphene nanosheets (GNSs). In this research, the physical interaction of GNSs on model membranes was investigated using artificial membranes and plasma membrane vesicles. The effects of the GNSs on plasma membrane, lysosomal and mitochondrial membranes were investigated using rat basophilic leukemia (RBL2H3) cells via lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay, acridine orange staining and JC-1 probe, respectively. The physical interaction with model membranes was dominated by electrostatic forces, and the adhered GNSs disrupted the membrane. The degree of physical membrane disruption was quantified by the quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D), confirming the serious membrane disruption. The internalized GNSs were mainly distributed in the lysosomes. They caused plasma membrane leakage, increased the lysosomal membrane permeability (LMP), and depolarized the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). The increased cellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were also detected after GNS exposure. The combination of physical interaction and the excess ROS production damaged the plasma and organelle membranes in living RBL-2H3 cells. The lysosomal and mitochondrial dysfunction, and the oxidative stress further induced cell apoptosis. Specially, the exposure to 25 mg/L GNSs caused severest cell mortality, plasma membrane damage, ROS generation, MMP depolarization and apoptosis. The research findings provide more comprehensive information on the graphene-induced plasma and organelle membrane damage, which is important to understand and predict the cytotoxicity of carbon-based nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Liu
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Mengmeng Zhang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Qiu Zhang
- School of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; Shenzhen Research Institute, Shandong University, Shenzhen 518057, China.
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32
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Pelin M, Lin H, Gazzi A, Sosa S, Ponti C, Ortega A, Zurutuza A, Vázquez E, Prato M, Tubaro A, Bianco A. Partial Reversibility of the Cytotoxic Effect Induced by Graphene-Based Materials in Skin Keratinocytes. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10081602. [PMID: 32824126 PMCID: PMC7466707 DOI: 10.3390/nano10081602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In the frame of graphene-based material (GBM) hazard characterization, particular attention should be given to the cutaneous effects. Hence, this study investigates if HaCaT skin keratinocytes exposed to high concentrations of few-layer graphene (FLG) or partially dehydrated graphene oxide (d-GO) for a short time can recover from the cytotoxic insult, measured by means of cell viability, mitochondrial damage and oxidative stress, after GBM removal from the cell medium. When compared to 24 or 72 h continuous exposure, recovery experiments suggest that the cytotoxicity induced by 24 h exposure to GBM is only partially recovered after 48 h culture in GBM-free medium. This partial recovery, higher for FLG as compared to GO, is not mediated by autophagy and could be the consequence of GBM internalization into cells. The ability of GBMs to be internalized inside keratinocytes together with the partial reversibility of the cellular damage is important in assessing the risk associated with skin exposure to GBM-containing devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Pelin
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (S.S.); (C.P.); (A.T.)
- Correspondence: (M.P.); (A.B.); Tel.: +39-040-5588620 (M.P.); +33-388-417026 (A.B.)
| | - Hazel Lin
- CNRS, Immunology, Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry, UPR 3572, University of Strasbourg, ISIS, 67000 Strasbourg, France;
| | - Arianna Gazzi
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (A.G.); (M.P.)
- Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica, Città della Speranza, 35100 Padua, Italy
| | - Silvio Sosa
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (S.S.); (C.P.); (A.T.)
| | - Cristina Ponti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (S.S.); (C.P.); (A.T.)
| | - Amaya Ortega
- Graphenea, 20009 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain; (A.O.); (A.Z.)
| | - Amaia Zurutuza
- Graphenea, 20009 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain; (A.O.); (A.Z.)
| | - Ester Vázquez
- Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain;
- Instituto Regional de Investigacion Científica Aplicada (IRICA), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Maurizio Prato
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (A.G.); (M.P.)
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramon 182, 20014 Donostia San Sebastián, Spain
- Basque Foundation for Science (IKERBASQUE), 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Aurelia Tubaro
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (S.S.); (C.P.); (A.T.)
| | - Alberto Bianco
- CNRS, Immunology, Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry, UPR 3572, University of Strasbourg, ISIS, 67000 Strasbourg, France;
- Correspondence: (M.P.); (A.B.); Tel.: +39-040-5588620 (M.P.); +33-388-417026 (A.B.)
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Choi S, Kim H. The Remedial Potential of Lycopene in Pancreatitis through Regulation of Autophagy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21165775. [PMID: 32806545 PMCID: PMC7460830 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved process that degrades damaged organelles and recycles macromolecules to support cell survival. However, in certain disease states, dysregulated autophagy can play an important role in cell death. In pancreatitis, the accumulation of autophagic vacuoles and damaged mitochondria and premature activation of trypsinogen are shown in pancreatic acinar cells (PACs), which are the hallmarks of impaired autophagy. Oxidative stress mediates inflammatory signaling and cytokine expression in PACs, and it also causes mitochondrial dysfunction and dysregulated autophagy. Thus, oxidative stress may be a mediator for autophagic impairment in pancreatitis. Lycopene is a natural pigment that contributes to the red color of fruits and vegetables. Due to its antioxidant activity, it inhibited oxidative stress-induced expression of cytokines in experimental models of acute pancreatitis. Lycopene reduces cell death through the activation of 5′-AMP-activated protein kinase-dependent autophagy in certain cells. Therefore, lycopene may ameliorate pancreatitis by preventing oxidative stress-induced impairment of autophagy and/or by directly activating autophagy in PACs.
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Role of autophagy in regulation of cancer cell death/apoptosis during anti-cancer therapy: focus on autophagy flux blockade. Arch Pharm Res 2020; 43:475-488. [PMID: 32458284 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-020-01239-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a self-degradation process in which the cytoplasmic cargoes are delivered to the lysosomes for degradation. As the cargoes are degraded/recycled, the autophagy process maintains the cellular homeostasis. Anti-cancer therapies induce apoptosis and autophagy concomitantly, and the induced autophagy normally prevents stress responses that are being induced. In such cases, the inhibition of autophagy can be a reasonable strategy to enhance the efficacy of anti-cancer therapies. However, recent studies have shown that autophagy induced by anti-cancer drugs causes cell death/apoptosis induction, indicating a controversial role of autophagy in cancer cell survival or death/apoptosis. Therefore, in the present review, we aimed to assess the signaling mechanisms involved in autophagy and cell death/apoptosis induction during anti-cancer therapies. This review summarizes the process of autophagy, autophagy flux and its blockade, and measurement and interpretation of autophagy flux. Further, it describes the signaling pathways involved in the blockade of autophagy flux and the role of signaling molecules accumulated by autophagy blockade in cell death/apoptosis in various cancer cells during anti-cancer therapies. Altogether, it implies that factors such as types of cancer, drug therapies, and characteristics of autophagy should be evaluated before targeting autophagy for cancer treatment.
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High Levels of ROS Impair Lysosomal Acidity and Autophagy Flux in Glucose-Deprived Fibroblasts by Activating ATM and Erk Pathways. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10050761. [PMID: 32414146 PMCID: PMC7277562 DOI: 10.3390/biom10050761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Under glucose deprivation, cells heavily mobilize oxidative phosphorylation to maintain energy homeostasis. This leads to the generation of high levels of ATP, as well as reactive oxygen species (ROS), from mitochondria. In nutrient starvation, autophagy is activated, likely to facilitate resource recycling, but recent studies suggest that autophagy flux is inhibited in cells undergoing glucose deprivation. In this study, we analyzed the status of autophagic flux in glucose-deprived human fibroblasts. Although lysosomes increased in quantity due in part to an increase of biogenesis, a large population of them suffered low acidity in the glucose-deprived cells. Autophagosomes also accumulated due to poor autolysis in these cells. A treatment of antioxidants not only restored lysosomal acidity but also released the flux blockade. The inhibition of ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) serine/threonine kinase, which is activated by ROS, also attenuated the impairment of lysosomal acidity and autophagic flux, suggesting an effect of ROS that might be mediated through ATM activation. In addition, the activity of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk) increased upon glucose deprivation, but this was also compromised by a treatment of antioxidants. Furthermore, the Erk inhibitor treatment also alleviated the failure in lysosomal acidity and autophagic flux. These together indicate that, upon glucose deprivation, cells undergo a failure of autophagy flux through an impairment of lysosomal acidity and that a high-level ROS-induced activation of Erk and ATM is involved in this impairment.
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Zuo A, Li J, Zhao X, Li T, Lei S, Chen J, Xu D, Song C, Li N, Ruan S, Lyu L, Guo Y. Globular CTRP9 protects cardiomyocytes from palmitic acid-induced oxidative stress by enhancing autophagic flux. Chem Biol Interact 2020; 329:109094. [PMID: 32278738 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2020.109094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress in cardiac myocytes is an important pathogenesis of cardiac lipotoxicity. Autophagy is a cellular self-digestion process that can selectively remove damaged organelles under oxidative stress, and thus presents a potential therapeutic target against cardiac lipotoxicity. Globular CTRP9 (gCTRP9) is a newly identified adiponectin paralog with established metabolic regulatory properties. The aim of this work is to investigate whether autophagy participates the protection effects of gCTRP9 in neonatal rat cardiac myocytes (NRCMs) under oxidative stress and the underlying mechanism. RESULTS NRCMs were treated with PA of various concentrations for indicated time period. Our results showed that PA enhanced intracellular ROS accumulation, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm) and increased activation of caspases 3. These changes suggested lipotoxicity due to excessive PA. In addition, PA was observed to impair autophagic flux in NRCMs and impaired autophagosome clearance induced by PA contributes to cardiomyocyte death. Besides, we found that gCTRP9 increased the ratio of LC3II/I and the expression of ATG5 which was vital to the formation of autophagosomes and decreased the level of P62, suggesting enhanced autophagic flux in the absence or presence of PA. The result was further confirmed by the methods of infection with LC3-mRFP-GFP lentivirus and blockage of autophagosome-lysosome fusion by BafA1. Moreover, gCTRP9 reestablished the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, suppressed ROS generation, and reduced PA -induced myocyte death. However, the protective effect of gCTRP9 on the cardiac lipotoxicity was partly abolished by blockade of autophagy by autophagy-related 5 (ATG5) siRNA, indicating that the effect of gCTRP9 on cell survival is critically mediated through regulation of autophagy. CONCLUSION Autophagy induction by gCTRP9 could be utilized as a potential therapeutic strategy against oxidative stress-mediated damage in cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anju Zuo
- Department of General Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, People's Republic of China; The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Li
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, People's Republic of China; Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, People's Republic of China; Department of Clinical Trial Research Center, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Ji'nan, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Li
- Department of General Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, People's Republic of China; The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, People's Republic of China; Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengyun Lei
- Department of General Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, People's Republic of China; The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiying Chen
- Department of General Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, People's Republic of China; The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, People's Republic of China; Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Xu
- Department of General Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, People's Republic of China; The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, People's Republic of China; Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengxiang Song
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, People's Republic of China; Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Li
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, People's Republic of China; Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiyan Ruan
- Department of General Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, People's Republic of China; The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, People's Republic of China
| | - Linmao Lyu
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, People's Republic of China; Department of Emergency, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Guo
- Department of General Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, People's Republic of China; The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, People's Republic of China; Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, People's Republic of China.
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Irreversible disruption of the cytoskeleton as induced by non-cytotoxic exposure to titanium dioxide nanoparticles in lung epithelial cells. Chem Biol Interact 2020; 323:109063. [PMID: 32224134 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2020.109063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to TiO2 NPs induces several cellular alterations after NPs uptake including disruption of cytoskeleton that is crucial for lung physiology but is not considered as a footprint of cell damage. We aimed to investigate cytoskeleton disturbances and the impact on cell migration induced by an acute TiO2 NPs exposure (24 h) and the recovery capability after 6 days of NPs-free treatment, which allowed investigating if cytoskeleton damage was reversible. Exposure to TiO2 NPs (10 μg/cm2) for 24 h induced a decrease 20.2% and 25.1% in tubulin and actin polymerization. Exposure to TiO2 NPs (10 μg/cm2) for 24 h followed by 6 days of NPs-free had a decrease of 26.6% and 21.3% in tubulin and actin polymerization, respectively. The sustained exposure for 7 days to 1 μg/cm2 and 10 μg/cm2 induced a decrease of 22.4% and 30.7% of tubulin polymerization respectively, and 28.7% and 46.2% in actin polymerization. In addition, 24 h followed 6 days of NPs-free exposure of TiO2 NPs (1 μg/cm2 and 10 μg/cm2) decreased cell migration 40.7% and 59.2%, respectively. Cells exposed (10 μg/cm2) for 7 days had a decrease of 65.5% in cell migration. Ki67, protein surfactant B (SFTPB) and matrix metalloprotease 2 (MMP2) were analyzed as genes related to lung epithelial function. The results showed a 20% of Ki67 upregulation in cells exposed for 24 h to 10 μg/cm2 TiO2 NPs while a downregulation of 20% and 25.8% in cells exposed to 1 μg/cm2 and 10 μg/cm2 for 24 h followed by 6 days of NPs-free exposure. Exposure to 1 μg/cm2 and 10 μg/cm2 for 24 h and 7 days upregulates SFTPB expression in 53% and 59% respectively, MMP2 expression remain unchanged. In conclusion, exposure of TiO2 NPs affected cytoskeleton of lung epithelial cells irreversibly but this damage was not cumulative.
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Wang Y, Tang M. PM2.5 induces autophagy and apoptosis through endoplasmic reticulum stress in human endothelial cells. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 710:136397. [PMID: 32050373 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial cells integrally form a crucial interface that maintains homeostasis of the cardiovascular system. As a vulnerable target of PM2.5, the underlying mechanisms of endothelial cell damage have yet to be fully elucidated. In the current study, two types of cell death, including autophagy and apoptosis, and an important organelle of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) were focalized following PM2.5 exposure. As a result, the internalization of PM2.5 has the ability to induce excess ER stress, which is a crucial step for further autophagy and apoptosis in human endothelial cells, as confirmed by the pre-treatment with the inhibitor of ER stress (4-PBA) which effectively mitigates the apoptosis rate and LC3II expression. Intriguingly, crosstalk between ER stress and autophagy demonstrated that ER stress is probably involved in autophagic events, whereas autophagy has no significant effect on ER stress but confer a protective role against PM2.5-induced endothelial cell apoptosis. Moreover, PM2.5 results in blockage of autophagic flux (failed fusion between autophagosomes and lysosomes), which is detrimental to endothelial cell survival. In conclusion, our findings provide a valuable insight into the relation between autophagy and apoptosis under PM2.5-induced ER stress conditions, where the interplay between them ultimately determines cell fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Meng Tang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China.
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Zhang C, Feng X, He L, Zhang Y, Shao L. The interrupted effect of autophagic flux and lysosomal function induced by graphene oxide in p62-dependent apoptosis of F98 cells. J Nanobiotechnology 2020; 18:52. [PMID: 32188458 PMCID: PMC7081710 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-020-00605-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Graphene oxide (GO) nanoparticles (NPs) have been widely applied in various fields, especially in biomedical applications. Extensive studies have suggested that GO can pass through the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and induce abnormal autophagy and cytotoxicity in the central nervous system (CNS). However, the effect and specific mechanism of GO on astrocytes, the most abundant cells in the brain still has not been extensively investigated. RESULTS In this study, we systematically explored the toxicity and mechanism of GO exposure in the rat astroglioma-derived F98 cell line using molecular biological techniques (immunofluorescence staining, flow cytometry and Western blot) at the subcellular level and the signaling pathway level. Cells exposed to GO exhibited decreased cell viability and increased lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. GO-induced autophagy was evidenced by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and immunofluorescence staining. Western blots showed that LC3II/I and p62 were upregulated and PI3K/Akt/mTOR was downregulated. Detection of lysosomal acidity and cathepsin B activity assay indicated the impairment of lysosomal function. Annexin V-FITC-PI detection showed the occurrence of apoptosis after GO exposure. The decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) with an accompanying upregulation of cleaved caspase-3 and Bax/Bcl-2 further suggested that endogenous signaling pathways were involved in GO-induced apoptosis. CONCLUSION The exposure of F98 cells to GO can elicit concentration- and time-dependent toxicological effects. Additionally, increased autophagic response can be triggered after GO treatment and that the blocking of autophagy flux plays a vital role in GO cytotoxicity, which was determined to be related to dysfunction of lysosomal degradation. Importantly, the abnormal accumulation of autophagic substrate p62 protein can induce capase-3-mediated apoptosis. Inhibition of abnormal accumulation of autophagic cargo could alleviate the occurrence of GO-induced apoptosis in F98 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhang
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University (Guangdong Provincial Stomatological Hospital), Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Xiaoli Feng
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University (Guangdong Provincial Stomatological Hospital), Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Longwen He
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University (Guangdong Provincial Stomatological Hospital), Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Yaqing Zhang
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University (Guangdong Provincial Stomatological Hospital), Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Longquan Shao
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University (Guangdong Provincial Stomatological Hospital), Guangzhou, 510280, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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Autophagic Inhibition via Lysosomal Integrity Dysfunction Leads to Antitumor Activity in Glioma Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12030543. [PMID: 32120820 PMCID: PMC7139627 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12030543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Manipulating autophagy is a promising strategy for treating cancer as several autophagy inhibitors are shown to induce autophagic cell death. One of these, autophagonizer (APZ), induces apoptosis-independent cell death by binding an unknown target via an unknown mechanism. To identify APZ targets, we used a label-free drug affinity responsive target stability (DARTS) approach with a liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) readout. Of 35 protein interactors, we identified Hsp70 as a key target protein of unmodified APZ in autophagy. Either APZ treatment or Hsp70 inhibition attenuates integrity of lysosomes, which leads to autophagic cell death exhibiting an excellent synergism with a clinical drug, temozolomide, in vitro, in vivo, and orthotropic glioma xenograft model. These findings demonstrate the potential of APZ to induce autophagic cell death and its development to combinational chemotherapeutic agent for glioma treatment. Collectively, our study demonstrated that APZ, a new autophagy inhibitor, can be used as a potent antitumor drug candidate to get over unassailable glioma and revealed a novel function of Hsp70 in lysosomal integrity regulation of autophagy.
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Sabido O, Figarol A, Klein JP, Bin V, Forest V, Pourchez J, Fubini B, Cottier M, Tomatis M, Boudard D. Quantitative Flow Cytometric Evaluation of Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Impairment in RAW 264.7 Macrophages after Exposure to Pristine, Acid Functionalized, or Annealed Carbon Nanotubes. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10020319. [PMID: 32069806 PMCID: PMC7075214 DOI: 10.3390/nano10020319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Conventional nanotoxicological assays are subjected to various interferences with nanoparticles and especially carbon nanotubes. A multiparametric flow cytometry (FCM) methodology was developed here as an alternative to quantify oxidative stress, mitochondrial impairment, and later cytotoxic and genotoxic events. The experiments were conducted on RAW264.7 macrophages, exposed for 90 min or 24 h-exposure with three types of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs): pristine (Nanocyl™ CNT), acid functionalized (CNTf), or annealed treatment (CNTa). An original combination of reactive oxygen species (ROS) probes allowed the simultaneous quantifications of broad-spectrum ROS, superoxide anion (O2•-), and hydroxyl radical (•OH). All MWCNTs types induced a slight increase of broad ROS levels regardless of earlier antioxidant catalase activity. CNTf strongly stimulated the O2•- production. The •OH production was downregulated for all MWCNTs due to their scavenging capacity. The latter was quantified in a cell-free system by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (EPR). Further FCM-based assessment revealed early biological damages with a mitochondrial membrane potential collapse, followed by late cytotoxicity with chromatin decondensation. The combined evaluation by FCM analysis and cell-free techniques led to a better understanding of the impacts of MWCNTs surface treatments on the oxidative stress and related biological response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odile Sabido
- Inserm U1059 SAINBIOSE, équipe DVH/PIB, Université Jean Monnet, Faculté de Médecine, F-42270 Saint-Etienne, France
- Université Lyon, F-42270 Saint-Etienne, France
- Centre Commun de Cytométrie en Flux, F-42270 Saint-Etienne, France
- Correspondence: (O.S.); (D.B.); Tel.: +33-477421441 (O.S.); +33-477421443 (ext.1471) (D.B.)
| | - Agathe Figarol
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines, SPIN, CNRS: UMR 5307, LGF, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Klein
- Inserm U1059 SAINBIOSE, équipe DVH/PIB, Université Jean Monnet, Faculté de Médecine, F-42270 Saint-Etienne, France
- Université Lyon, F-42270 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Valérie Bin
- Inserm U1059 SAINBIOSE, équipe DVH/PIB, Université Jean Monnet, Faculté de Médecine, F-42270 Saint-Etienne, France
- Université Lyon, F-42270 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Valérie Forest
- Mines Saint-Etienne, Univ Lyon, Univ Jean Monnet, INSERM, U1059 Sainbiose, Centre CIS, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Jérémie Pourchez
- Mines Saint-Etienne, Univ Lyon, Univ Jean Monnet, INSERM, U1059 Sainbiose, Centre CIS, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Bice Fubini
- Dipartimento di Chimica and ‘G. Scansetti’ Interdepartmental Center for Studies on Asbestos and other Toxic Particulates, Università di Torino, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Michèle Cottier
- Inserm U1059 SAINBIOSE, équipe DVH/PIB, Université Jean Monnet, Faculté de Médecine, F-42270 Saint-Etienne, France
- Université Lyon, F-42270 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Maura Tomatis
- Dipartimento di Chimica and ‘G. Scansetti’ Interdepartmental Center for Studies on Asbestos and other Toxic Particulates, Università di Torino, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Delphine Boudard
- Inserm U1059 SAINBIOSE, équipe DVH/PIB, Université Jean Monnet, Faculté de Médecine, F-42270 Saint-Etienne, France
- Université Lyon, F-42270 Saint-Etienne, France
- Correspondence: (O.S.); (D.B.); Tel.: +33-477421441 (O.S.); +33-477421443 (ext.1471) (D.B.)
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Guo L, He N, Zhao Y, Liu T, Deng Y. Autophagy Modulated by Inorganic Nanomaterials. Theranostics 2020; 10:3206-3222. [PMID: 32194863 PMCID: PMC7053187 DOI: 10.7150/thno.40414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
With the rapid development of nanotechnology, inorganic nanomaterials (NMs) have been widely applied in modern society. As human exposure to inorganic NMs is inevitable, comprehensive assessment of the safety of inorganic NMs is required. It is well known that autophagy plays dual roles in cell survival and cell death. Moreover, inorganic NMs have been proven to induce autophagy perturbation in cells. Therefore, an in-depth understanding of inorganic NMs-modulated autophagy is required for the safety assessment of inorganic NMs. This review presents an overview of a set of inorganic NMs, consisting of iron oxide NMs, silver NMs, gold NMs, carbon-based NMs, silica NMs, quantum dots, rare earth oxide NMs, zinc oxide NMs, alumina NMs, and titanium dioxide NMs, as well as how each modulates autophagy. This review emphasizes the potential mechanisms underlying NMs-induced autophagy perturbation, as well as the role of autophagy perturbation in cell fate determination. Furthermore, we also briefly review the potential roles of inorganic NMs-modulated autophagy in diagnosis and treatment of disease.
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Mohammadalipour Z, Rahmati M, Khataee A, Moosavi MA. Differential effects of N-TiO 2 nanoparticle and its photo-activated form on autophagy and necroptosis in human melanoma A375 cells. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:8246-8259. [PMID: 31989650 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The manipulation of autophagy provides a new opportunity for highly effective anticancer therapies. Recently, we showed that photodynamic therapy (PDT) with nitrogen-doped titanium dioxide (N-TiO2 ) nanoparticles (NPs) could promote the reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent autophagy in leukemia cells. However, the differential autophagic effects of N-TiO2 NPs in the dark and light conditions and the potential of N-TiO2- based PDT for the treatment of melanoma cells remain unknown. Here we show that depending on the visible-light condition, the autophagic response of human melanoma A375 cells to N-TiO2 NPs switches between two different statuses (ie., flux or blockade) with the opposite outcomes (ie., survival or death). Mechanistically, low doses of N-TiO2 NPs (1-100 µg/ml) stimulate a nontoxic autophagy flux response in A375 cells, whereas their photo-activation leads to the impairment of the autophagosome-lysosome fusion, the blockade of autophagy flux and consequently the induction of RIPK1-mediated necroptosis via ROS production. These results confirm that photo-controllable autophagic effects of N-TiO2 NPs can be utilized for the treatment of cancer, particularly melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Mohammadalipour
- Department of Molecular Medicine, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marveh Rahmati
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Khataee
- Research Laboratory of Advanced Water and Wastewater Treatment Processes, Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Materials Science and Nanotechnology Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Near East University, Nicosia, North Cyprus, Turkey
| | - Mohammad A Moosavi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
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Šimečková P, Marvanová S, Kulich P, Králiková L, Neča J, Procházková J, Machala M. Screening of Cellular Stress Responses Induced by Ambient Aerosol Ultrafine Particle Fraction PM0.5 in A549 Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E6310. [PMID: 31847237 PMCID: PMC6940800 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Effects of airborne particles on the expression status of markers of cellular toxic stress and on the release of eicosanoids, linked with inflammation and oxidative damage, remain poorly characterized. Therefore, we proposed a set of various methodological approaches in order to address complexity of PM0.5-induced toxicity. For this purpose, we used a well-characterized model of A549 pulmonary epithelial cells exposed to a non-cytotoxic concentration of ambient aerosol particle fraction PM0.5 for 24 h. Electron microscopy confirmed accumulation of PM0.5 within A549 cells, yet, autophagy was not induced. Expression profiles of various cellular stress response genes that have been previously shown to be involved in early stress responses, namely unfolded protein response, DNA damage response, and in aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and p53 signaling, were analyzed. This analysis revealed induction of GREM1, EGR1, CYP1A1, CDK1A, PUMA, NOXA and GDF15 and suppression of SOX9 in response to PM0.5 exposure. Analysis of eicosanoids showed no oxidative damage and only a weak anti-inflammatory response. In conclusion, this study helps to identify novel gene markers, GREM1, EGR1, GDF15 and SOX9, that may represent a valuable tool for routine testing of PM0.5-induced in vitro toxicity in lung epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Miroslav Machala
- Veterinary Research Institute, Department of Chemistry and Toxicology, Hudcova 296/70, 62100 Brno, Czech Republic; (P.Š.); (S.M.); (P.K.); (L.K.); (J.N.); (J.P.)
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45
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Gonzalez-Carter D, Goode AE, Kiryushko D, Masuda S, Hu S, Lopes-Rodrigues R, Dexter DT, Shaffer MSP, Porter AE. Quantification of blood-brain barrier transport and neuronal toxicity of unlabelled multiwalled carbon nanotubes as a function of surface charge. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:22054-22069. [PMID: 31720664 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr02866h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles capable of penetrating the blood-brain barrier (BBB) will greatly advance the delivery of therapies against brain disorders. Carbon nanotubes hold great potential as delivery vehicles due to their high aspect-ratio and cell-penetrating ability. Studies have shown multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) cross the BBB, however they have largely relied on labelling methods to track and quantify transport, or on individual electron microscopy images to qualitatively assess transcytosis. Therefore, new direct and quantitative methods, using well-defined and unlabelled MWCNT, are needed to compare BBB translocation of different MWCNT types. Using highly controlled anionic (-), cationic (+) and non-ionic (0) functionalized MWCNT (fMWCNT), we correlate UV-visible spectroscopy with quantitative transmission electron microscopy, quantified from c. 270 endothelial cells, to examine cellular uptake, BBB transport and neurotoxicity of unlabelled fMWCNT. Our results demonstrate that: (i) a large fraction of cationic and non-ionic, but not anionic fMWCNT become trapped at the luminal brain endothelial cell membrane; (ii) despite high cell association, fMWCNT uptake by brain endothelial cells is low (<1.5% ID) and does not correlate with BBB translocation, (iii) anionic fMWCNT have highest transport levels across an in vitro model of the human BBB compared to non-ionic or cationic nanotubes; and (iv) fMWCNT are not toxic to hippocampal neurons at relevant abluminal concentrations; however, fMWCNT charge has an effect on carbon nanotube neurotoxicity at higher fMWCNT concentrations. This quantitative combination of microscopy and spectroscopy, with cellular assays, provides a crucial strategy to predict brain penetration efficiency and neurotoxicity of unlabelled MWCNT and other nanoparticle technologies relevant to human health.
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Wang Y, Pang B, Zhang R, Fu Y, Pang Q. Ubenimex induces apoptotic and autophagic cell death in rat GH3 and MMQ cells through the ROS/ERK pathway. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2019; 13:3217-3228. [PMID: 31571825 PMCID: PMC6750015 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s218371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Ubenimex, an aminopeptidase N (APN) inhibitor, is widely known for its use as an adjunct therapy for cancer therapy. However, in recent studies, it has also conferred antitumour effects in many cancers, but its anticancer mechanism is largely unknown. This study aims to investigate the specific anticancer activities and mechanisms of ubenimex in GH3 and MMQ cells. Materials and methods In this study, we investigated the anticancer effects of ubenimex in GH3 and MMQ cells. Cell viability and cell death were assessed by the Cell Counting Kit-8 kit (CCK-8) and a LIVE/DEAD cell imaging kit. Apoptosis and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation were assessed by flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy. Autophagosome formation was detected by transmission electron microscopy, and autophagic flux was measured with mRFP-GFP-LC3 adenoviral transfection. The protein expression level was detected by Western blotting. Results The results revealed that treatment with ubenimex induced apoptotic and autophagic cell death in GH3 and MMQ cells, which resulted in decreased viability, an increased proportion of apoptotic cells, and autophagosome formation. Further experiments showed that ubenimex induced ROS generation and activated the ROS/ERK pathway. The ROS scavenger NAC could attenuate ubenimex-induced apoptosis and autophagy. Conclusion Our studies revealed that ubenimex exerted anticancer effects by inducing apoptotic and autophagic cell death in GH3 and MMQ cells, rendering it a possible effective adjunctive therapy for pituitary treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250021, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Pang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong University, Jinan 250021, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250021, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yibing Fu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250021, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Pang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250021, Shandong, People's Republic of China
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47
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Liu N, Tang M. Toxic effects and involved molecular pathways of nanoparticles on cells and subcellular organelles. J Appl Toxicol 2019; 40:16-36. [PMID: 31294482 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Owing to the increasing application of engineered nanoparticles (NPs), besides the workplace, human beings are also exposed to NPs from nanoproducts through the skin, respiratory tract, digestive tract and vein injection. This review states pathways of cellular uptake, subcellular distribution and excretion of NPs. The uptake pathways commonly include phagocytosis, micropinocytosis, clathrin- and caveolae-mediated endocytosis, scavenger receptor-related pathway, clathrin- or caveolae-independent pathway, and direct penetration or insertion. Then the ability of NPs to decrease cell viability and metabolic activity, change cell morphology, and destroy cell membrane, cytoskeleton and cell function was presented. In addition, the lowest dose decreasing cell metabolic viability compared with the control or IC50 of silver, titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, carbon black, carbon nanotubes, silica, silicon NPs and cadmium telluride quantum dots to some cell lines was gathered. Next, this review attempts to increase our understanding of NP-caused adverse effects on organelles, which have implications in mitochondrial dysfunction, endoplasmic reticulum stress and lysosomal rupture. In particular, the disturbance of mitochondrial biogenesis and mitochondrial dynamic fusion-fission, mitophagy and cytochrome c-dependent apoptosis are involved. In addition, prolonged endoplasmic reticulum stress will result in apoptosis. Rupture of the lysosomal membrane was associated with inflammation, and both induction of autophagy and blockade of autophagic flow can result in cytotoxicity. Finally, the network mechanism of the combined action of multiple organelle dysfunction, apoptosis, autophagy and oxidative stress was discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education; School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Meng Tang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education; School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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Pan H, Wang Y, Na K, Wang Y, Wang L, Li Z, Guo C, Guo D, Wang X. Autophagic flux disruption contributes to Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide-induced apoptosis in human colorectal cancer cells via MAPK/ERK activation. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:456. [PMID: 31186406 PMCID: PMC6560101 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1653-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Targeting autophagy may serve as a promising strategy for cancer therapy. Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide (GLP) has been shown to exert promising anti-cancer effects. However, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Whether GLP regulates autophagy in cancer has never been reported. In this study, GLP induced the initiation of autophagy in colorectal cancer (CRC) HT-29 and HCT116 cells, as evidenced by enhanced level of LC3-II protein, GFP-LC3 puncta, and increased formation of double membrane vacuoles. However, GLP treatment caused marked increase of p62 expression. Addition of late stage autophagy inhibitor, chloroquine (CQ), further enhanced LC3-II and p62 level, as well as increased autophagosome accumulation, suggesting a blockage of autophagic flux by GLP in CRC cells. We then found GLP blocked autophagosome and lysosome fusion as determined by mRFP-GFP-LC3 colocalization analysis. Mechanistic study revealed that GLP-induced disruption of autophagosome-lysosome fusion is due to reduced lysosome acidification and lysosomal cathepsin activities. Cell viability and flow cytometry assays revealed that GLP-induced autophagosome accumulation is responsible for GLP-induced apoptosis in CRC cells. In line with this, inhibition of autophagy initiation by 3-methyladenine (3-MA), an early stage autophagy inhibitor, attenuated GLP-induced apoptosis. In contrast, suppression of autophagy at late stage by CQ enhanced the anti-cancer effect of GLP. Furthermore, we demonstrated that GLP-induced autophagosome accumulation and apoptosis is mediated via MAPK/ERK activation. Finally, GLP inhibited tumor growth and also inhibited autophagic flux in vivo. These results unveil new molecular mechanism underlying anti-cancer effects of GLP, suggesting that GLP is a potent autophagy inhibitor and might be useful in anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Pan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Road, 310053, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yujie Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Road, 310053, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kun Na
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Road, 310053, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Road, 310053, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Road, 310053, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhenhao Li
- Zhejiang Shouxiangu Institute of Rare Medicine Plant, 12, Huanglong 3rd Road, 321200, Wuyi, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chengjie Guo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Road, 310053, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dandan Guo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Road, 310053, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xingya Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Road, 310053, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Pesonen M, Vähäkangas K. Autophagy in exposure to environmental chemicals. Toxicol Lett 2019; 305:1-9. [PMID: 30664929 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2019.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is a catabolic pathway, which breaks down old and damaged cytoplasmic material into basic biomolecules through lysosome-mediated digestion thereby recycling cellular material. In this way, autophagy prevents the accumulation of damaged cellular components inside cells and reduces metabolic stress and toxicity. The basal level of autophagy is generally low but essential for maintaining the turnover of proteins and other molecules. The level is, however, increased in response to various stress conditions including chemical stress. This elevation in autophagy is intended to restore energy balance and improve cell survival in stress conditions. However, aberrant and/or deficient autophagy may also be involved in the aggravation of chemical-caused insults. Thus, the overall role of autophagy in chemical-induced toxicity is complex and only a limited number of environmental chemicals have been studied from this point of view. Autophagy is associated with many of the chemical-caused cytotoxic mechanisms, including mitochondrial dysfunction, DNA damage, oxidative stress, changes in the endoplasmic reticulum, impairment of lysosomal functions, and inflammation. This mini-review describes autophagy and its involvement in the responses to some common environmental exposures including airborne particulate matter, nanoparticles and tobacco smoke as well as to some common single environmental chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maija Pesonen
- Faculty of Health Science, School of Pharmacy/Toxicology, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Kirsi Vähäkangas
- Faculty of Health Science, School of Pharmacy/Toxicology, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
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PICK1 Deficiency Induces Autophagy Dysfunction via Lysosomal Impairment and Amplifies Sepsis-Induced Acute Lung Injury. Mediators Inflamm 2018; 2018:6757368. [PMID: 30402043 PMCID: PMC6192133 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6757368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory reaction caused by infection. Multiple organ failure ultimately leads to high morbidity and mortality. Unfortunately, therapies against these responses have been unsuccessful due to the insufficient underlying pathophysiological evidence. Protein interacting with C-kinase 1 (PICK1) has received considerable attention because of its important physiological functions in many tissues. However, its role in sepsis-induced acute lung injury (ALI) is unclear. In this study, we used cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) to establish a septic model and found that decreased microtubule-associated protein-1light chain 3 (LC3)-II/LC3-I in PICK1−/− septic mice was caused by autophagy dysfunction. Consistently, the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) from PICK1−/− mice showed the accumulation of autophagosomes as well. However, more serious damage was caused by PICK1 deficiency indicating that the disrupted autophagic flux was harmful to sepsis-induced ALI. We also observed that it was the impaired lysosomal function that mediated autophagic flux blockade, and the autophagy progress was relevant to PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathway. These findings will aid in the potential development of PICK1 with novel evidence of autophagy in sepsis treatment and prevention.
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