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Liu J, Xu F, Guo M, Gao D, Song Y. Nasal instillation of polystyrene nanoplastics induce lung injury via mitochondrial DNA release and activation of the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase-stimulator of interferon genes-signaling cascade. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 948:174674. [PMID: 39002594 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
Nanoplastics (NPs) are a common type of degraded plastic material associated with adverse health effects such as pulmonary injury. However, the molecular mechanism(s) underlying lung injury as caused by NPs remains uncertain. Thus, we herein investigated the pulmonary toxicity of NPs on RAW264.7 cells and C57BL/6 mice. Our in vitro study indicated that NPs induced oxidative stress, cell death, inflammation, and the activation of the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING)-signaling pathway. Mice in our in vivo study displayed significant pulmonary fibrosis, inflammation, apoptosis, necrosis, and excessive double-stranded DNA release into serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Our mechanistic exploration uncovered cGAS-STING-signaling activation as the leading cause of NPs-induced pulmonary fibrosis. The current study opens an avenue toward elucidating the role of the cGAS-STING-signaling pathway in NPs-induced pulmonary injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, GuiYang 550025, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10085, China
| | - Fang Xu
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, GuiYang 550025, China
| | - Mingzhu Guo
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, GuiYang 550025, China
| | - Daxue Gao
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, GuiYang 550025, China
| | - Yang Song
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10085, China.
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2
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Gumbiowski N, Barthel J, Loza K, Heggen M, Epple M. Simulated HRTEM images of nanoparticles to train a neural network to classify nanoparticles for crystallinity. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2024; 6:4196-4206. [PMID: 39114140 PMCID: PMC11302048 DOI: 10.1039/d4na00266k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Machine learning approaches for image analysis require extensive training datasets for an accurate analysis. This also applies to the automated analysis of electron microscopy data where training data are usually created by manual annotation. Besides nanoparticle shape and size distribution, their internal crystal structure is a major parameter to assess their nature and their physical properties. The automatic classification of ultrasmall gold nanoparticles (1-3 nm) by their crystallinity is possible after training a neural network with simulated HRTEM data. This avoids a human bias and the necessity to manually classify extensive particle sets as training data. The small size of these particles represents a significant challenge with respect to the question of internal crystallinity. The network was able to assign real particles imaged by HRTEM with high accuracy to the classes monocrystalline, polycrystalline, and amorphous after being trained with simulated datasets. The ability to adjust the simulation parameters opens the possibility to extend this procedure to other experimental setups and other types of nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Gumbiowski
- Inorganic Chemistry, Centre for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen 45117 Essen Germany
| | - Juri Barthel
- Ernst-Ruska Centre for Microscopy and Spectroscopy with Electrons, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH 52428 Jülich Germany
| | - Kateryna Loza
- Inorganic Chemistry, Centre for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen 45117 Essen Germany
| | - Marc Heggen
- Ernst-Ruska Centre for Microscopy and Spectroscopy with Electrons, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH 52428 Jülich Germany
| | - Matthias Epple
- Inorganic Chemistry, Centre for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen 45117 Essen Germany
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3
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Stueckle TA, Jensen J, Coyle JP, Derk R, Wagner A, Dinu CZ, Kornberg TG, Friend SA, Dozier A, Agarwal S, Gupta RK, Rojanasakul LW. In vitro inflammation and toxicity assessment of pre- and post-incinerated organomodified nanoclays to macrophages using high-throughput screening approaches. Part Fibre Toxicol 2024; 21:16. [PMID: 38509617 PMCID: PMC10956245 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-024-00577-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Organomodified nanoclays (ONC), two-dimensional montmorillonite with organic coatings, are increasingly used to improve nanocomposite properties. However, little is known about pulmonary health risks along the nanoclay life cycle even with increased evidence of airborne particulate exposures in occupational environments. Recently, oropharyngeal aspiration exposure to pre- and post-incinerated ONC in mice caused low grade, persistent lung inflammation with a pro-fibrotic signaling response with unknown mode(s) of action. We hypothesized that the organic coating presence and incineration status of nanoclays determine the inflammatory cytokine secretary profile and cytotoxic response of macrophages. To test this hypothesis differentiated human macrophages (THP-1) were acutely exposed (0-20 µg/cm2) to pristine, uncoated nanoclay (CloisNa), an ONC (Clois30B), their incinerated byproducts (I-CloisNa and I-Clois30B), and crystalline silica (CS) followed by cytotoxicity and inflammatory endpoints. Macrophages were co-exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or LPS-free medium to assess the role of priming the NF-κB pathway in macrophage response to nanoclay treatment. Data were compared to inflammatory responses in male C57Bl/6J mice following 30 and 300 µg/mouse aspiration exposure to the same particles. RESULTS In LPS-free media, CloisNa exposure caused mitochondrial depolarization while Clois30B exposure caused reduced macrophage viability, greater cytotoxicity, and significant damage-associated molecular patterns (IL-1α and ATP) release compared to CloisNa and unexposed controls. LPS priming with low CloisNa doses caused elevated cathepsin B/Caspage-1/IL-1β release while higher doses resulted in apoptosis. Clois30B exposure caused dose-dependent THP-1 cell pyroptosis evidenced by Cathepsin B and IL-1β release and Gasdermin D cleavage. Incineration ablated the cytotoxic and inflammatory effects of Clois30B while I-CloisNa still retained some mild inflammatory potential. Comparative analyses suggested that in vitro macrophage cell viability, inflammasome endpoints, and pro-inflammatory cytokine profiles significantly correlated to mouse bronchioalveolar lavage inflammation metrics including inflammatory cell recruitment. CONCLUSIONS Presence of organic coating and incineration status influenced inflammatory and cytotoxic responses following exposure to human macrophages. Clois30B, with a quaternary ammonium tallow coating, induced a robust cell membrane damage and pyroptosis effect which was eliminated after incineration. Conversely, incinerated nanoclay exposure primarily caused elevated inflammatory cytokine release from THP-1 cells. Collectively, pre-incinerated nanoclay displayed interaction with macrophage membrane components (molecular initiating event), increased pro-inflammatory mediators, and increased inflammatory cell recruitment (two key events) in the lung fibrosis adverse outcome pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd A Stueckle
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV, 26505, USA.
| | - Jake Jensen
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV, 26505, USA
| | - Jayme P Coyle
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV, 26505, USA
| | - Raymond Derk
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV, 26505, USA
| | - Alixandra Wagner
- Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Cerasela Zoica Dinu
- Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Tiffany G Kornberg
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV, 26505, USA
| | - Sherri A Friend
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV, 26505, USA
| | - Alan Dozier
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV, 26505, USA
| | - Sushant Agarwal
- Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Rakesh K Gupta
- Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Liying W Rojanasakul
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV, 26505, USA
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4
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Ao LH, Wei YG, Tian HR, Zhao H, Li J, Ban JQ. Advances in the study of silica nanoparticles in lung diseases. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:169352. [PMID: 38110102 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Silicon dioxide nanoparticles (SiNPs) are one of the major forms of silicon dioxide and are composed of the most-abundant compounds on earth. Based on their excellent properties, SiNPs are widely used in food production, synthetic processes, medical diagnostics, drug delivery, and other fields. The mass production and wide application of SiNPs increases the risk of human exposure to SiNPs. In the workplace and environment, SiNPs mainly enter the human body through the respiratory tract and reach the lungs; therefore, the lungs are the most important and most toxicologically affected target organ of SiNPs. An increasing number of studies have shown that SiNP exposure can cause severe lung toxicity. However, studies on the toxicity of SiNPs in ex vivo and in vivo settings are still in the exploratory phase. The molecular mechanisms underlying the lung toxicity of SiNPs are varied and not yet fully understood. As a result, this review summarizes the possible mechanisms of SiNP-induced lung toxicity, such as oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, mitochondrial damage, and cell death. Moreover, this study provides a summary of the progression of diseases caused by SiNPs, thereby establishing a theoretical basis for future studies on the mechanisms of SiNP-induced lung toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Hong Ao
- School of Public Heath, The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Yun-Geng Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong-Ru Tian
- School of Public Heath, The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Hua Zhao
- School of Public Heath, The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Jun Li
- School of Public Heath, The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Jia-Qi Ban
- School of Public Heath, The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China.
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Chang JHM, Xue Z, Bauer J, Wehle B, Hendrix DA, Catalano T, Hurowitz JA, Nekvasil H, Demple B. Artificial Space Weathering to Mimic Solar Wind Enhances the Toxicity of Lunar Dust Simulants in Human Lung Cells. GEOHEALTH 2024; 8:e2023GH000840. [PMID: 38312735 PMCID: PMC10835080 DOI: 10.1029/2023gh000840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
During NASA's Apollo missions, inhalation of dust particles from lunar regolith was identified as a potential occupational hazard for astronauts. These fine particles adhered tightly to spacesuits and were unavoidably brought into the living areas of the spacecraft. Apollo astronauts reported that exposure to the dust caused intense respiratory and ocular irritation. This problem is a potential challenge for the Artemis Program, which aims to return humans to the Moon for extended stays in this decade. Since lunar dust is "weathered" by space radiation, solar wind, and the incessant bombardment of micrometeorites, we investigated whether treatment of lunar regolith simulants to mimic space weathering enhanced their toxicity. Two such simulants were employed in this research, Lunar Mare Simulant-1 (LMS-1), and Lunar Highlands Simulant-1 (LHS-1), which were added to cultures of human lung epithelial cells (A549) to simulate lung exposure to the dusts. In addition to pulverization, previously shown to increase dust toxicity sharply, the simulants were exposed to hydrogen gas at high temperature as a proxy for solar wind exposure. This treatment further increased the toxicity of both simulants, as measured by the disruption of mitochondrial function, and damage to DNA both in mitochondria and in the nucleus. By testing the effects of supplementing the cells with an antioxidant (N-acetylcysteine), we showed that a substantial component of this toxicity arises from free radicals. It remains to be determined to what extent the radicals arise from the dust itself, as opposed to their active generation by inflammatory processes in the treated cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H M Chang
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences Renaissance School of Medicine Stony Brook University Stony Brook NY USA
| | - Z Xue
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences Renaissance School of Medicine Stony Brook University Stony Brook NY USA
| | - J Bauer
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences Renaissance School of Medicine Stony Brook University Stony Brook NY USA
| | - B Wehle
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences Renaissance School of Medicine Stony Brook University Stony Brook NY USA
| | - D A Hendrix
- Department of Geosciences Stony Brook University Stony Brook NY USA
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory Florida State University Tallahassee FL USA
| | - T Catalano
- Department of Geosciences Stony Brook University Stony Brook NY USA
| | - J A Hurowitz
- Department of Geosciences Stony Brook University Stony Brook NY USA
| | - H Nekvasil
- Department of Geosciences Stony Brook University Stony Brook NY USA
| | - B Demple
- Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and of Radiation Oncology Renaissance School of Medicine Stony Brook University Stony Brook NY USA
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6
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Dong T, Yu C, Yang Z, He G, Wen Y, Roseng LE, Wei X, Jing W, Lin Q, Zhao L, Jiang Z. Nanotoxicity of tungsten trioxide nanosheets containing oxygen vacancy to human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2024; 234:113742. [PMID: 38271855 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2023.113742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Because of the excellent performance in photochemistry, WO3 is increasingly applied in the field of biology and medicine. However, little is known about the mechanism of WO3 cytotoxicity. In this work, WO3 nanosheets with oxygen vacancy are synthesized by solvothermal method, then characterized and added to culture medium of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) with different concentrations. We characterized and analyzed the morphology of nano-WO3 by transmission electron microscopy and calculated the specific data of oxygen vacancy by XPS. It is the first time the effect of WO3-x on cells that WO3-x can cause oxidative stress in HUVEC cells, resulting in DNA damage and thus promoting apoptosis. Transcriptome sequencing is performed on cells treated with low and high concentrations of WO3-x, and a series of key signals affecting cell proliferation and apoptosis are detected in differentially expressed genes, which indicates the research direction of nanotoxicity. The expression levels of key genes are also verified by quantitative PCR after cell treatment with different concentrations of WO3-x. This work fills the gap between the biocompatibility of nano WO3-x materials and molecular cytology and paves the way for investigating the mechanism and risks of oxygen vacancy in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Dong
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Systems and Intelligent Transduction, Collaborative Innovation Center on Micro-Nano Transduction and Intelligent Eco-Internet of Things, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities on Micro-NanoSystems Technology and Smart Transducing, National Research Base of Intelligent Manufacturing Service, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Nan'an District, Chongqing 400067, China; Department of Microsystems (IMS), Faculty of Technology, Natural Sciences and Maritime Sciences, University of South-Eastern Norway, Postboks 235, 3603 Kongsberg, Norway.
| | - Chenghui Yu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Systems and Intelligent Transduction, Collaborative Innovation Center on Micro-Nano Transduction and Intelligent Eco-Internet of Things, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities on Micro-NanoSystems Technology and Smart Transducing, National Research Base of Intelligent Manufacturing Service, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Nan'an District, Chongqing 400067, China
| | - Zhaochu Yang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Systems and Intelligent Transduction, Collaborative Innovation Center on Micro-Nano Transduction and Intelligent Eco-Internet of Things, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities on Micro-NanoSystems Technology and Smart Transducing, National Research Base of Intelligent Manufacturing Service, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Nan'an District, Chongqing 400067, China.
| | - Guozhen He
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Systems and Intelligent Transduction, Collaborative Innovation Center on Micro-Nano Transduction and Intelligent Eco-Internet of Things, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities on Micro-NanoSystems Technology and Smart Transducing, National Research Base of Intelligent Manufacturing Service, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Nan'an District, Chongqing 400067, China; Department of Microsystems (IMS), Faculty of Technology, Natural Sciences and Maritime Sciences, University of South-Eastern Norway, Postboks 235, 3603 Kongsberg, Norway
| | - Yumei Wen
- Department of Instrumentation Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Minhang District, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Lars Eric Roseng
- Department of Microsystems (IMS), Faculty of Technology, Natural Sciences and Maritime Sciences, University of South-Eastern Norway, Postboks 235, 3603 Kongsberg, Norway
| | - Xueyong Wei
- School of Instrument Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Weixuan Jing
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Qijing Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Libo Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Zhuangde Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
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7
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Chen Z, Shi Z, Ni S, Ren B, Hu J. Origin, formation, and transformation of different forms of silica in Xuanwei Formation coal, China, and its' emerging environmental problem. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:120735-120748. [PMID: 37943432 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30757-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
The study on the origin of quartz and silica in Xuanwei Formation coal in Northwest Yunnan, China, is helpful to understand the relationship between quartz and silica and the high incidence of lung cancer from the root. To address these questions, the mineralogy and microscopic studies of silica in Xuanwei Formation coal were performed. The following results were obtained: (1) silica in the late Permian Xuanwei Formation coal seams originated from detrital input, early diagenesis, and late diagenesis. (2) A more significant contribution comes from early diagenesis, which contains abundant authigenic quartz and amorphous silica. (3) Quartz and silica from inorganic silicon are more symbiotic with kaolinite and from biogenic silicon with chamosite. (4) Three silica polymorphs in coal samples have been identified: opal-A (amorphous silica), opal-CT/-C (cristobalite/tridymite), and α quartz. (5) Opal-A is ubiquitous, while opal-CT/-C and α quartz are rare. (5) Opal-A is an amorphous and nontoxic ordinary silica. (6) Since the toxicity of amorphous silica and its presence in coal is an emerging topic, it should be continuously monitored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zailin Chen
- Engineering Center of Yunnan Education Department for Health Geological Survey & Evaluation, Kunming, 652501, China
- College of Earth Sciences, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, 610059, China
- Applied Nuclear Technology in Geosciences Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, 610059, China
| | - Zeming Shi
- College of Earth Sciences, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, 610059, China.
- Applied Nuclear Technology in Geosciences Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, 610059, China.
| | - Shijun Ni
- College of Earth Sciences, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, 610059, China
- Applied Nuclear Technology in Geosciences Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, 610059, China
| | - Bangzheng Ren
- Institute of Ecology, China West Normal University, Nanchong, 637002, China
| | - Junchun Hu
- Coal Geology Prospecting Institute of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650218, China
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8
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Costabile F, Gualtieri M, Rinaldi M, Canepari S, Vecchi R, Massimi L, Di Iulio G, Paglione M, Di Liberto L, Corsini E, Facchini MC, Decesari S. Exposure to urban nanoparticles at low PM[Formula: see text] concentrations as a source of oxidative stress and inflammation. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18616. [PMID: 37903867 PMCID: PMC10616204 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45230-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposures to fine particulate matter (PM[Formula: see text]) have been associated with health impacts, but the understanding of the PM[Formula: see text] concentration-response (PM[Formula: see text]-CR) relationships, especially at low PM[Formula: see text], remains incomplete. Here, we present novel data using a methodology to mimic lung exposure to ambient air (2[Formula: see text] 60 [Formula: see text]g m[Formula: see text]), with minimized sampling artifacts for nanoparticles. A reference model (Air Liquid Interface cultures of human bronchial epithelial cells, BEAS-2B) was used for aerosol exposure. Non-linearities observed in PM[Formula: see text]-CR curves are interpreted as a result of the interplay between the aerosol total oxidative potential (OP[Formula: see text]) and its distribution across particle size (d[Formula: see text]). A d[Formula: see text]-dependent condensation sink (CS) is assessed together with the distribution with d[Formula: see text] of reactive species . Urban ambient aerosol high in OP[Formula: see text], as indicated by the DTT assay, with (possibly copper-containing) nanoparticles, shows higher pro-inflammatory and oxidative responses, this occurring at lower PM[Formula: see text] concentrations (< 5 [Formula: see text]g m[Formula: see text]). Among the implications of this work, there are recommendations for global efforts to go toward the refinement of actual air quality standards with metrics considering the distribution of OP[Formula: see text] with d[Formula: see text] also at relatively low PM[Formula: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Costabile
- Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate - Italian National Research Council (ISAC - CNR), Via Fosso del Cavaliere, 00133 Rome, Italy
- National Biodiversity Future Center, NBFC, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Maurizio Gualtieri
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, 26126 Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Rinaldi
- National Biodiversity Future Center, NBFC, 90133 Palermo, Italy
- Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate - Italian National Research Council (ISAC - CNR), Via Gobetti, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Silvia Canepari
- Department of Environmental Biology, University of Rome Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Vecchi
- Department of Physics, Università degli Studi di Milano,and INFN-Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Massimi
- Department of Environmental Biology, University of Rome Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluca Di Iulio
- Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate - Italian National Research Council (ISAC - CNR), Via Fosso del Cavaliere, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Paglione
- National Biodiversity Future Center, NBFC, 90133 Palermo, Italy
- Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate - Italian National Research Council (ISAC - CNR), Via Gobetti, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Luca Di Liberto
- Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate - Italian National Research Council (ISAC - CNR), Via Fosso del Cavaliere, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuela Corsini
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Facchini
- Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate - Italian National Research Council (ISAC - CNR), Via Gobetti, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Decesari
- National Biodiversity Future Center, NBFC, 90133 Palermo, Italy
- Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate - Italian National Research Council (ISAC - CNR), Via Gobetti, 40129 Bologna, Italy
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9
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Bredeck G, Dobner J, Stahlmecke B, Fomba KW, Herrmann H, Rossi A, Schins RPF. Saharan dust induces NLRP3-dependent inflammatory cytokines in an alveolar air-liquid interface co-culture model. Part Fibre Toxicol 2023; 20:39. [PMID: 37864207 PMCID: PMC10588053 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-023-00550-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological studies have related desert dust events to increased respiratory morbidity and mortality. Although the Sahara is the largest source of desert dust, Saharan dust (SD) has been barely examined in toxicological studies. Here, we aimed to assess the NLRP3 inflammasome-caspase-1-pathway-dependent pro-inflammatory potency of SD in comparison to crystalline silica (DQ12 quartz) in an advanced air-liquid interface (ALI) co-culture model. Therefore, we exposed ALI co-cultures of alveolar epithelial A549 cells and macrophage-like differentiated THP-1 cells to 10, 21, and 31 µg/cm² SD and DQ12 for 24 h using a Vitrocell Cloud system. Additionally, we exposed ALI co-cultures containing caspase (CASP)1-/- and NLRP3-/- THP-1 cells to SD. RESULTS Characterization of nebulized DQ12 and SD revealed that over 90% of agglomerates of both dusts were smaller than 2.5 μm. Characterization of the ALI co-culture model revealed that it produced surfactant protein C and that THP-1 cells remained viable at the ALI. Moreover, wild type, CASP1-/-, and NLRP3-/- THP-1 cells had comparable levels of the surface receptors cluster of differentiation 14 (CD14), toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), and TLR4. Exposing ALI co-cultures to non-cytotoxic doses of DQ12 and SD did not induce oxidative stress marker gene expression. SD but not DQ12 upregulated gene expressions of interleukin 1 Beta (IL1B), IL6, and IL8 as well as releases of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα). Exposing wild type, CASP1-/-, and NLRP3-/- co-cultures to SD induced IL1B gene expression in all co-cultures whereas IL-1β release was only induced in wild type co-cultures. In CASP1-/- and NLRP3-/- co-cultures, IL-6, IL-8, and TNFα releases were also reduced. CONCLUSIONS Since surfactants can decrease the toxicity of poorly soluble particles, the higher potency of SD than DQ12 in this surfactant-producing ALI model emphasizes the importance of readily soluble SD components such as microbial compounds. The higher potency of SD than DQ12 also renders SD a potential alternative particulate positive control for studies addressing acute inflammatory effects. The high pro-inflammatory potency depending on NLRP3, CASP-1, and IL-1β suggests that SD causes acute lung injury which may explain desert dust event-related increased respiratory morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerrit Bredeck
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Jochen Dobner
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Burkhard Stahlmecke
- Institut für Umwelt & Energie, Technik & Analytik e. V. (IUTA), 47229, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Khanneh Wadinga Fomba
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), 04318, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hartmut Herrmann
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), 04318, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andrea Rossi
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Roel P F Schins
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
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10
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You Y, Yuan H, Min H, Li C, Chen J. Fibroblast-derived CXCL14 aggravates crystalline silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis by mediating polarization and recruitment of interstitial macrophages. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 460:132489. [PMID: 37688871 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to crystalline silica (CS) particles in worksites and dwellings can lead to silicosis due to excessive fibroblast activation. Considering their immuno-regulatory activities, the contribution of pulmonary fibroblasts in the progression of silicosis has not been thoroughly characterized. Here, we demonstrate that exposure of the lung to CS particles leads to the upregulation of fibroblast-derived C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 14 (CXCL14). By employing an in vitro co-culture system, we demonstrated activated fibroblasts recruited bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) and favored alternative macrophage polarization (M2) mediated by CXCL14. Furthermore, in vivo studies echoed that systemic CXCL14 neutralizing or fibroblast-specific Cxcl14 knockout proved CXCL14 was indispensable for the recruitment and phenotype alteration of lung macrophages, especially interstitial macrophages (IMs), under stimulation by CS particles. Mechanistically, we showed that GLI2 and p21-mediated cellular senescence were mediators of CXCL14 production following CS exposure. Accordingly, GLI2 blockage and countering cellular senescence by reviving PINK1-mediated mitophagy may be efficient strategies to reduce CXCL14 expression in activated fibroblasts during silicosis. Our findings emphasize the immuno-regulatory function of fibroblasts in silicosis via CXCL14, providing intervention targets for CS-induced pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichuan You
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control & Prevention (China Medical University), Ministry of Education, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, PR China; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, PR China
| | - Haoyang Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control & Prevention (China Medical University), Ministry of Education, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, PR China; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, PR China
| | - Hui Min
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, PR China
| | - Chao Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control & Prevention (China Medical University), Ministry of Education, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, PR China; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, PR China.
| | - Jie Chen
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control & Prevention (China Medical University), Ministry of Education, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, PR China; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, PR China.
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11
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Refsnes M, Skuland T, Jørgensen R, Sæter-Grytting V, Snilsberg B, Øvrevik J, Holme JA, Låg M. Role of different mechanisms in pro-inflammatory responses triggered by traffic-derived particulate matter in human bronchiolar epithelial cells. Part Fibre Toxicol 2023; 20:31. [PMID: 37537647 PMCID: PMC10399033 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-023-00542-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traffic-derived particles are important contributors to the adverse health effects of ambient particulate matter (PM). In Nordic countries, mineral particles from road pavement and diesel exhaust particles (DEP) are important constituents of traffic-derived PM. In the present study we compared the pro-inflammatory responses of mineral particles and DEP to PM from two road tunnels, and examined the mechanisms involved. METHODS The pro-inflammatory potential of 100 µg/mL coarse (PM10-2.5), fine (PM2.5-0.18) and ultrafine PM (PM0.18) sampled in two road tunnels paved with different stone materials was assessed in human bronchial epithelial cells (HBEC3-KT), and compared to DEP and particles derived from the respective stone materials. Release of pro-inflammatory cytokines (CXCL8, IL-1α, IL-1β) was measured by ELISA, while the expression of genes related to inflammation (COX2, CXCL8, IL-1α, IL-1β, TNF-α), redox responses (HO-1) and metabolism (CYP1A1, CYP1B1, PAI-2) was determined by qPCR. The roles of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were examined by treatment with the AhR-inhibitor CH223191 and the anti-oxidant N-acetyl cysteine (NAC). RESULTS Road tunnel PM caused time-dependent increases in expression of CXCL8, COX2, IL-1α, IL-1β, TNF-α, COX2, PAI-2, CYP1A1, CYP1B1 and HO-1, with fine PM as more potent than coarse PM at early time-points. The stone particle samples and DEP induced lower cytokine release than all size-fractionated PM samples for one tunnel, and versus fine PM for the other tunnel. CH223191 partially reduced release and expression of IL-1α and CXCL8, and expression of COX2, for fine and coarse PM, depending on tunnel, response and time-point. Whereas expression of CYP1A1 was markedly reduced by CH223191, HO-1 expression was not affected. NAC reduced the release and expression of IL-1α and CXCL8, and COX2 expression, but augmented expression of CYP1A1 and HO-1. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that the pro-inflammatory responses of road tunnel PM in HBEC3-KT cells are not attributed to the mineral particles or DEP alone. The pro-inflammatory responses seem to involve AhR-dependent mechanisms, suggesting a role for organic constituents. ROS-mediated mechanisms were also involved, probably through AhR-independent pathways. DEP may be a contributor to the AhR-dependent responses, although other sources may be of importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magne Refsnes
- Department of Air quality and Noise, Division of Climate and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 222, Skøyen, Oslo, 0213, Norway
| | - Tonje Skuland
- Department of Air quality and Noise, Division of Climate and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 222, Skøyen, Oslo, 0213, Norway
| | - Rikke Jørgensen
- Department of Industrial Economics and Technology Management, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Vegard Sæter-Grytting
- Department of Air quality and Noise, Division of Climate and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 222, Skøyen, Oslo, 0213, Norway
| | | | - Johan Øvrevik
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Climate and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jørn A Holme
- Department of Air quality and Noise, Division of Climate and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 222, Skøyen, Oslo, 0213, Norway
| | - Marit Låg
- Department of Air quality and Noise, Division of Climate and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 222, Skøyen, Oslo, 0213, Norway.
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12
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Leinardi R, Pochet A, Uwambayinema F, Yakoub Y, Quesniaux V, Ryffel B, Broz P, Pavan C, Huaux F. Gasdermin D membrane pores orchestrate IL-1α secretion from necrotic macrophages after NFS-rich silica exposure. Arch Toxicol 2023; 97:1001-1015. [PMID: 36840754 PMCID: PMC10025216 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-023-03463-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
IL-1α is an intracellular danger signal (DAMP) released by macrophages contributing to the development of silica-induced lung inflammation. The exact molecular mechanism orchestrating IL-1α extracellular release from particle-exposed macrophages is still unclear. To delineate this process, murine J774 and bone-marrow derived macrophages were exposed to increasing concentrations (1-40 cm2/ml) of a set of amorphous and crystalline silica particles with different surface chemical features. In particular, these characteristics include the content of nearly free silanols (NFS), a silanol population responsible for silica cytotoxicity recently identified. We first observed de novo stocks of IL-1α in macrophages after silica internalization regardless of particle physico-chemical characteristics and cell stress. IL-1α intracellular production and accumulation were observed by exposing macrophages to biologically-inert or cytotoxic crystalline and amorphous silicas. In contrast, only NFS-rich reactive silica particles triggered IL-1α release into the extracellular milieu from necrotic macrophages. We demonstrate that IL-1α is actively secreted through the formation of gasdermin D (GSDMD) pores in the plasma membrane and not passively released after macrophage plasma membrane lysis. Our findings indicate that the GSDMD pore-dependent secretion of IL-1α stock from macrophages solely depends on cytotoxicity induced by NFS-rich silica. This new regulated process represents a key first event in the mechanism of silica toxicity, suitable to refine the existing adverse outcome pathway (AOP) for predicting the inflammatory activity of silicas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Leinardi
- Louvain Centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology (LTAP), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Amandine Pochet
- Louvain Centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology (LTAP), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Francine Uwambayinema
- Louvain Centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology (LTAP), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Yousof Yakoub
- Louvain Centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology (LTAP), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Valérie Quesniaux
- Laboratory of Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics (INEM), UMR 7355 CNRS, University of Orleans and Artimmune, Orléans, France
| | - Bernhard Ryffel
- Laboratory of Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics (INEM), UMR 7355 CNRS, University of Orleans and Artimmune, Orléans, France
| | - Petr Broz
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Cristina Pavan
- Louvain Centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology (LTAP), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
- Department of Chemistry, "G. Scansetti" Interdepartmental Center for Studies On Asbestos and Other Toxic Particulates, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.
| | - François Huaux
- Louvain Centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology (LTAP), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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13
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Oladipo AO, Lebelo SL, Msagati TAM. Nanocarrier design–function relationship: The prodigious role of properties in regulating biocompatibility for drug delivery applications. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 377:110466. [PMID: 37004951 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
The concept of drug delivery systems as a magic bullet for the delivery of bioactive compounds has emerged as a promising approach in the treatment of different diseases with significant advantages over the limitations of traditional methods. While nanocarrier-based drug delivery systems are the main advocates of drug uptake because they offer several advantages including reduced non-specific biodistribution, improved accumulation, and enhanced therapeutic efficiency; their safety and biocompatibility within cellular/tissue systems are therefore important for achieving the desired effect. The underlying power of "design-interplay chemistry" in modulating the properties and biocompatibility at the nanoscale level will direct the interaction with their immediate surrounding. Apart from improving the existing nanoparticle physicochemical properties, the balancing of the hosts' blood components interaction holds the prospect of conferring newer functions altogether. So far, this concept has been remarkable in achieving many fascinating feats in addressing many challenges in nanomedicine such as immune responses, inflammation, biospecific targeting and treatment, and so on. This review, therefore, provides a diverse account of the recent advances in the fabrication of biocompatible nano-drug delivery platforms for chemotherapeutic applications, as well as combination therapy, theragnostic, and other diseases that are of interest to scientists in the pharmaceutical industries. Thus, careful consideration of the "property of choice" would be an ideal way to realize specific functions from a set of delivery platforms. Looking ahead, there is an enormous prospect for nanoparticle properties in regulating biocompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adewale O Oladipo
- Department of Life and Consumer Sciences, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Private Bag X06, Florida, 1710, South Africa.
| | - Sogolo L Lebelo
- Department of Life and Consumer Sciences, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Private Bag X06, Florida, 1710, South Africa
| | - Titus A M Msagati
- Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability (iNanoWS), College of Science, Engineering, and Technology, University of South Africa, Private Bag X06, Florida, 1710, South Africa
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14
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Bredeck G, Busch M, Rossi A, Stahlmecke B, Fomba KW, Herrmann H, Schins RPF. Inhalable Saharan dust induces oxidative stress, NLRP3 inflammasome activation, and inflammatory cytokine release. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 172:107732. [PMID: 36680803 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.107732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Desert dust is increasingly recognized as a major air pollutant affecting respiratory health. Since desert dust exposure cannot be regulated, the hazardousness of its components must be understood to enable health risk mitigation strategies. Saharan dust (SD) comprises about half of the global desert dust and contains quartz, a toxic mineral dust that is known to cause severe lung diseases via oxidative stress and activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome-interleukin-1β pathway. We aimed to assess the physicochemical and microbial characteristics of SD responsible for toxic effects. Also, we studied the oxidative and pro-inflammatory potential of SD in alveolar epithelial cells and the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in macrophage-like cells in comparison to quartz dusts and synthetic amorphous silica (SAS). Characterization revealed that SD contained Fe, Al, trace metals, sulfate, diatomaceous earth, and endotoxin and had the capacity to generate hydroxyl radicals. We exposed A549 lung epithelial cells and wild-type and NLRP3-/- THP-1 macrophage-like cells to SD, three well-investigated quartz dusts, and SAS. SD induced oxidative stress in A549 cells after 24 h more potently than the quartz dusts. The quartz dusts and SAS upregulated interleukin 8 expression after 4 h and 24 h while SD only caused a transient upregulation. SD, the quartz dusts, and SAS induced interleukin-1β release from wild-type THP-1 cells>20-fold stronger than from NLRP3-/- THP-1 cells. Interleukin-1β release was lower for SD, in which microbial components including endotoxin were heat-destructed. In conclusion, microbial components in SD are pivotal for its toxicity. In the epithelium, the effects of SD contrasted with crystalline and amorphous silica in terms of potency and persistence. In macrophages, the strong involvement of the NLRP3 inflammasome emphasizes the acute and chronic health risks associated with desert dust exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerrit Bredeck
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Mathias Busch
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Andrea Rossi
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Burkhard Stahlmecke
- Institute for Energy and Environmental Technology e.V. (IUTA), Duisburg, Germany
| | - Khanneh Wadinga Fomba
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz-Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hartmut Herrmann
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz-Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Roel P F Schins
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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15
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Friesen A, Fritsch-Decker S, Mülhopt S, Quarz C, Mahl J, Baumann W, Hauser M, Wexler M, Schlager C, Gutmann B, Krebs T, Goßmann AK, Weis F, Hufnagel M, Stapf D, Hartwig A, Weiss C. Comparing the Toxicological Responses of Pulmonary Air-Liquid Interface Models upon Exposure to Differentially Treated Carbon Fibers. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24031927. [PMID: 36768249 PMCID: PMC9915385 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24031927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the use of carbon fibers (CFs) in various sectors of industry has been increasing. Despite the similarity of CF degradation products to other toxicologically relevant materials such as asbestos fibers and carbon nanotubes, a detailed toxicological evaluation of this class of material has yet to be performed. In this work, we exposed advanced air-liquid interface cell culture models of the human lung to CF. To simulate different stresses applied to CF throughout their life cycle, they were either mechanically (mCF) or thermo-mechanically pre-treated (tmCF). Different aspects of inhalation toxicity as well as their possible time-dependency were monitored. mCFs were found to induce a moderate inflammatory response, whereas tmCF elicited stronger inflammatory as well as apoptotic effects. Furthermore, thermal treatment changed the surface properties of the CF resulting in a presumed adhesion of the cells to the fiber fragments and subsequent cell loss. Triple-cultures encompassing epithelial, macrophage, and fibroblast cells stood out with an exceptionally high inflammatory response. Only a weak genotoxic effect was detected in the form of DNA strand breaks in mono- and co-cultures, with triple-cultures presenting a possible secondary genotoxicity. This work establishes CF fragments as a potentially harmful material and emphasizes the necessity of further toxicological assessment of existing and upcoming advanced CF-containing materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Friesen
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Applied Biosciences, Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Susanne Fritsch-Decker
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems, Biological Information Processing, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Sonja Mülhopt
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Technical Chemistry, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Caroline Quarz
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Applied Biosciences, Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Jonathan Mahl
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Technical Chemistry, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Werner Baumann
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Technical Chemistry, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Manuela Hauser
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Technical Chemistry, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Manuela Wexler
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Technical Chemistry, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | | | | | - Tobias Krebs
- Vitrocell Systems GmbH, 79183 Waldkirch, Germany
| | | | | | - Matthias Hufnagel
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Applied Biosciences, Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Dieter Stapf
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Technical Chemistry, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Andrea Hartwig
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Applied Biosciences, Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Correspondence: (A.H.); (C.W.)
| | - Carsten Weiss
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems, Biological Information Processing, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Correspondence: (A.H.); (C.W.)
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16
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Reichinger D, Reithofer M, Hohagen M, Drinic M, Tobias J, Wiedermann U, Kleitz F, Jahn-Schmid B, Becker CFW. A Biomimetic, Silaffin R5-Based Antigen Delivery Platform. Pharmaceutics 2022; 15:pharmaceutics15010121. [PMID: 36678751 PMCID: PMC9866965 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15010121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Nature offers a wide range of evolutionary optimized materials that combine unique properties with intrinsic biocompatibility and that can be exploited as biomimetic materials. The R5 and RRIL peptides employed here are derived from silaffin proteins that play a crucial role in the biomineralization of marine diatom silica shells and are also able to form silica materials in vitro. Here, we demonstrate the application of biomimetic silica particles as a vaccine delivery and adjuvant platform by linking the precipitating peptides R5 and the RRIL motif to a variety of peptide antigens. The resulting antigen-loaded silica particles combine the advantages of biomaterial-based vaccines with the proven intracellular uptake of silica particles. These particles induce NETosis in human neutrophils as well as IL-6 and TNF-α secretion in murine bone marrow-derived dendritic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Reichinger
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Str. 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Vienna Doctoral School in Chemistry (DoSChem), University of Vienna, Währinger Str. 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Manuel Reithofer
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Gregor-Mendel-Straße 33, 1180 Vienna, Austria
| | - Mariam Hohagen
- Vienna Doctoral School in Chemistry (DoSChem), University of Vienna, Währinger Str. 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry–Functional Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Str. 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Mirjana Drinic
- Institute of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Joshua Tobias
- Institute of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ursula Wiedermann
- Institute of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Freddy Kleitz
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry–Functional Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Str. 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Beatrice Jahn-Schmid
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian F. W. Becker
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Str. 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Correspondence:
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17
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Zhang G, Luo W, Yang W, Li S, Li D, Zeng Y, Li Y. The importance of the
IL
‐1 family of cytokines in nanoimmunosafety and nanotoxicology. WIRES NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 14:e1850. [DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guofang Zhang
- Laboratory of Immunology and Nanomedicine Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen China
| | - Wenhe Luo
- Laboratory of Immunology and Nanomedicine Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen China
| | - Wenjie Yang
- Laboratory of Immunology and Nanomedicine Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen China
| | - Su Li
- Laboratory of Immunology and Nanomedicine Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen China
| | - Dongjie Li
- Laboratory of Immunology and Nanomedicine Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen China
| | - Yanqiao Zeng
- Laboratory of Immunology and Nanomedicine Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen China
| | - Yang Li
- Laboratory of Immunology and Nanomedicine Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen China
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18
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Liu JY, Sayes CM. A toxicological profile of silica nanoparticles. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2022; 11:565-582. [PMID: 36051665 PMCID: PMC9424711 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfac038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Humans are regularly exposed to silica nanoparticles in environmental and occupational contexts, and these exposures have been implicated in the onset of adverse health effects. Existing reviews on silica nanoparticle toxicity are few and not comprehensive. There are natural and synthetic sources by which crystalline and amorphous silica nanoparticles are produced. These processes influence physiochemical properties, which are factors that can dictate toxicological effects. Toxicological assessment includes exposure scenario (e.g. environmental, occupational), route of exposure, toxicokinetics, and toxicodynamics. Broader considerations include pathology, risk assessment, regulation, and treatment after injury. This review aims to consolidate the most relevant and up-to-date research in these areas to provide an exhaustive toxicological profile of silica nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Y Liu
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, One Bear Place # 97266, Waco, TX 76798-7266, United States
| | - Christie M Sayes
- Corresponding author: Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, One Bear Place # 97266, Waco, TX 76798-7266, United States.
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Dry Powder Comprised of Isoniazid-Loaded Nanoparticles of Hyaluronic Acid in Conjugation with Mannose-Anchored Chitosan for Macrophage-Targeted Pulmonary Administration in Tuberculosis. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14081543. [PMID: 35893799 PMCID: PMC9330414 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14081543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Marketed dosage forms fail to deliver anti-tubercular drugs directly to the lungs in pulmonary Tuberculosis (TB). Therefore, nanomediated isoniazid (INH)-loaded dry powder for inhalation (Nano-DPI) was developed for macrophage-targeted delivery in TB. Mannosylated chitosan (MC) and hyaluronic acid (HA) with an affinity for the surface mannose and CD44 receptors of macrophages were used in conjugation to prepare hybrid nanosuspension by ionic gelation method using cross-linker, sodium tri-polyphosphate (TPP) followed by freeze-drying to obtain a dry powder composed of nanoparticles (INH-MC/HA NPs). Nanoformulations were evaluated for aerodynamic characteristics, cytotoxicity, hemocompatibility, macrophage phenotype analysis, and immune regulation. Cellular uptake imaging was also conducted to evaluate the uptake of NPs. The nanopowders did not pose any significant toxicity to the cells, along with good compatibility with red blood cells (RBCs). The pro-inflammatory costimulatory markers were upregulated, demonstrating the activation of T-cell response. Moreover, the NPs did not show any tolerogenic effect on the macrophages. Furthermore, confocal imaging exhibited the translocation of NPs in the cells. Altogether, the findings present that nano-DPI was found to be a promising vehicle for targeting macrophages.
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20
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Gene Expression Profiling of Mono- and Co-Culture Models of the Respiratory Tract Exposed to Crystalline Quartz under Submerged and Air-Liquid Interface Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147773. [PMID: 35887123 PMCID: PMC9324045 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro lung cell models like air-liquid interface (ALI) and 3D cell cultures have advanced greatly in recent years, being especially valuable for testing advanced materials (e.g., nanomaterials, fibrous substances) when considering inhalative exposure. Within this study, we established submerged and ALI cell culture models utilizing A549 cells as mono-cultures and co-cultures with differentiated THP-1 (dTHP-1), as well as mono-cultures of dTHP-1. After ALI and submerged exposures towards α-quartz particles (Min-U-Sil5), with depositions ranging from 15 to 60 µg/cm2, comparison was made with respect to their transcriptional cellular responses employing high-throughput RT-qPCR. A significant dose- and time-dependent induction of genes coding for inflammatory proteins, e.g., IL-1A, IL-1B, IL-6, IL-8, and CCL22, as well as genes associated with oxidative stress response such as SOD2, was observed, even more pronounced in co-cultures. Changes in the expression of similar genes were more pronounced under submerged conditions when compared to ALI exposure in the case of A549 mono-cultures. Hereby, the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway and the NLRP3 inflammasome seem to play an important role. Regarding genotoxicity, neither DNA strand breaks in ALI cultivated cells nor a transcriptional response to DNA damage were observed. Altogether, the toxicological responses depended considerably on the cell culture model and exposure scenario, relevant to be considered to improve toxicological risk assessment.
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21
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Skuland T, Grytting VS, Låg M, Jørgensen RB, Snilsberg B, Leseman DLAC, Kubátová A, Emond J, Cassee FR, Holme JA, Øvrevik J, Refsnes M. Road tunnel-derived coarse, fine and ultrafine particulate matter: physical and chemical characterization and pro-inflammatory responses in human bronchial epithelial cells. Part Fibre Toxicol 2022; 19:45. [PMID: 35787286 PMCID: PMC9251916 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-022-00488-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traffic particulate matter (PM) comprises a mixture of particles from fuel combustion and wear of road pavement, tires and brakes. In countries with low winter temperatures the relative contribution of mineral-rich PM from road abrasion may be especially high due to use of studded tires during winter season. The aim of the present study was to sample and characterize size-fractioned PM from two road tunnels paved with different stone materials in the asphalt, and to compare the pro-inflammatory potential of these fractions in human bronchial epithelial cells (HBEC3-KT) in relation to physicochemical characteristics. METHODS The road tunnel PM was collected with a vacuum pump and a high-volume cascade impactor sampler. PM was sampled during winter, both during humid and dry road surface conditions, and before and after cleaning the tunnels. Samples were analysed for hydrodynamic size distribution, content of elemental carbon (EC), organic carbon (OC) and endotoxin, and the capacity for acellular generation of reactive oxygen species. Cytotoxicity and pro-inflammatory responses were assessed in HBEC3-KT cells after exposure to coarse (2.5-10 μm), fine (0.18-2.5 μm) and ultrafine PM (≤ 0.18 μm), as well as particles from the respective stone materials used in the pavement. RESULTS The pro-inflammatory potency of the PM samples varied between road tunnels and size fractions, but showed more marked responses than for the stone materials used in asphalt of the respective tunnels. In particular, fine samples showed significant increases as low as 25 µg/mL (2.6 µg/cm2) and were more potent than coarse samples, while ultrafine samples showed more variable responses between tunnels, sampling conditions and endpoints. The most marked responses were observed for fine PM sampled during humid road surface conditions. Linear correlation analysis showed that particle-induced cytokine responses were correlated to OC levels, while no correlations were observed for other PM characteristics. CONCLUSIONS The pro-inflammatory potential of fine road tunnel PM sampled during winter season was high compared to coarse PM. The differences between the PM-induced cytokine responses were not related to stone materials in the asphalt. However, the ratio of OC to total PM mass was associated with the pro-inflammatory potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonje Skuland
- Division of Climate and Environmental Health, Department of Air Quality and Noise, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 222, 0213, Skøyen, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Vegard Sæter Grytting
- Division of Climate and Environmental Health, Department of Air Quality and Noise, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 222, 0213, Skøyen, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marit Låg
- Division of Climate and Environmental Health, Department of Air Quality and Noise, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 222, 0213, Skøyen, Oslo, Norway
| | - Rikke Bræmming Jørgensen
- Department of Industrial Economics and Technology Management, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
| | | | - Daan L A C Leseman
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment - RIVM, PO Box 1, 3720 BA, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Alena Kubátová
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, USA
| | - Jessica Emond
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, USA
| | - Flemming R Cassee
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment - RIVM, PO Box 1, 3720 BA, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.,Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jørn A Holme
- Division of Climate and Environmental Health, Department of Air Quality and Noise, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 222, 0213, Skøyen, Oslo, Norway
| | - Johan Øvrevik
- Division of Climate and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 222, 0213, Skøyen, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, PO Box 1066, 0316, Blindern, Oslo, Norway
| | - Magne Refsnes
- Division of Climate and Environmental Health, Department of Air Quality and Noise, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 222, 0213, Skøyen, Oslo, Norway
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22
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Comparing α-Quartz-Induced Cytotoxicity and Interleukin-8 Release in Pulmonary Mono- and Co-Cultures Exposed under Submerged and Air-Liquid Interface Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126412. [PMID: 35742856 PMCID: PMC9224477 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The occupational exposure to particles such as crystalline quartz and its impact on the respiratory tract have been studied extensively in recent years. For hazard assessment, the development of physiologically more relevant in-vitro models, i.e., air-liquid interface (ALI) cell cultures, has greatly progressed. Within this study, pulmonary culture models employing A549 and differentiated THP-1 cells as mono-and co-cultures were investigated. The different cultures were exposed to α-quartz particles (Min-U-Sil5) with doses ranging from 15 to 66 µg/cm2 under submerged and ALI conditions and cytotoxicity as well as cytokine release were analyzed. No cytotoxicity was observed after ALI exposure. Contrarily, Min-U-Sil5 was cytotoxic at the highest dose in both submerged mono- and co-cultures. A concentration-dependent release of interleukin-8 was shown for both exposure types, which was overall stronger in co-cultures. Our findings showed considerable differences in the toxicological responses between ALI and submerged exposure and between mono- and co-cultures. A substantial influence of the presence or absence of serum in cell culture media was noted as well. Within this study, the submerged culture was revealed to be more sensitive. This shows the importance of considering different culture and exposure models and highlights the relevance of communication between different cell types for toxicological investigations.
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23
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Meldrum K, Evans SJ, Vogel U, Tran L, Doak SH, Clift MJD. The influence of exposure approaches to in vitro lung epithelial barrier models to assess engineered nanomaterial hazard. Nanotoxicology 2022; 16:114-134. [PMID: 35343373 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2022.2051627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to engineered nanomaterials (ENM) poses a potential health risk to humans through long-term, repetitive low-dose exposures. Currently, this is not commonplace within in vitro lung cell cultures. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to consider the optimal exposure approach toward determining the stability, sensitivity and validity of using in vitro lung cell mono- and co-cultures to determine ENM hazard. A range of exposure scenarios were conducted with DQ12 (previously established as a positive particle control) (historic and re-activated), TiO2 (JRC NM-105) and BaSO4 (JRC NM-220) on both monocultures of A549 cells as well as co-cultures of A549 cells and differentiated THP-1 cells. Cell cultures were exposed to either a single, or a repeated exposure over 24, 48- or 72-hours at in vivo extrapolated concentrations of 0-5.2 µg/cm2, 0-6 µg/cm2 and 0-1µg/cm2. The focus of this study was the pro-inflammatory, cytotoxic and genotoxic response elicited by these ENMs. Exposure to DQ12 caused pro-inflammatory responses after 48 hours repeat exposures, as well as increases in micronucleus frequency. Neither TiO2 nor BaSO4 elicited a pro-inflammatory response at this time point. However, there was induction of IL-6 after 24 hours TiO2 exposure. In conclusion, it is important to consider the appropriateness of the positive control implemented, the cell culture model, the time of exposure as well as the type of exposure (bolus or fractionated) before establishing if an in vitro model is appropriate to determine the level of response to the specific ENM of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsty Meldrum
- In Vitro Toxicology Group, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | | | - Ulla Vogel
- The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lang Tran
- Institute of Occupational Medicine (IOM), Edinburgh, UK
| | - Shareen H Doak
- In Vitro Toxicology Group, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
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24
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Chen S, Han B, Geng X, Li P, Lavin MF, Yeo AJ, Li C, Sun J, Peng C, Shao H, Du Z. Microcrystalline silica particles induce inflammatory response via pyroptosis in primary human respiratory epithelial cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2022; 37:385-400. [PMID: 34766707 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism of the sterile inflammatory response in the respiratory tract induced by exposure to sterile particles has not been fully elucidated. The aim of our study is to explore the earlier events in initiating inflammatory response at molecular and cellular level in primary cultured human airway epithelial cells (AEC) exposed to silica particles in order to provide information for earlier diagnosis and prevention of silica particle-induced toxicity as well as possible information on the genesis of silicosis. We isolated primary AEC from three healthy adults and treated them with silica particles at different concentrations for 48 h. We found evidence for silica-induced inflammasome activation by the co-localization of Caspase-1 and NLRP3, as well as increased levels of IL-1β and IL-18. Lactate dehydrogenase and NucGreen analysis proved the occurrence of pyroptosis. High throughput mRNA sequencing showed that the inflammatory response and NF-κB signaling pathways were significantly enriched in gene ontology and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes analysis, and pyroptosis-related genes were up-regulated. The miR-455-3p and five lncRNAs (LOC105375913, NEAT1, LOC105375181, LOC100506098, and LOC105369370) were verified as key factors related to the mechanism by ceRNA network analysis. LOC105375913 was first discovered to be associated with inflammation in AEC. These data suggest that microcrystalline silica can induce significant inflammation and pyroptosis in human primary AEC through NLRP3 inflammasome pathway and NF-κB signaling pathway at both the gene and protein levels, and the possible mechanism could be miR-455-3p mediated ceRNA hypothesis. Our data provide a method for the studies of the respiratory toxicity of fine particulate matter and the pathogenesis of early silicosis. The miR-455-3p and five lncRNAs related ceRNA network might be the toxicity mechanism of microcrystalline silica particles to AEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangya Chen
- Department of Toxicology, Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Basic Research & International Cooperation, Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Bing Han
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiao Geng
- Department of Toxicology, Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Toxicology, Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Martin F Lavin
- Department of Toxicology, Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
- The University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research (UQCCR), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Abrey J Yeo
- Department of Toxicology, Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
- The University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research (UQCCR), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Toxicology, Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jiayin Sun
- Department of Toxicology, Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- Department of Toxicology, Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Hua Shao
- Department of Toxicology, Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhongjun Du
- Department of Toxicology, Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
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25
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Rajasinghe LD, Bates MA, Benninghoff AD, Wierenga KA, Harkema JR, Pestka JJ. Silica Induction of Diverse Inflammatory Proteome in Lungs of Lupus-Prone Mice Quelled by Dietary Docosahexaenoic Acid Supplementation. Front Immunol 2022; 12:781446. [PMID: 35126352 PMCID: PMC8813772 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.781446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Repeated short-term intranasal instillation of lupus-prone mice with crystalline silica (cSiO2) induces inflammatory gene expression and ectopic lymphoid neogenesis in the lung, leading to early onset of systemic autoimmunity and rapid progression to glomerulonephritis. These responses are suppressed by dietary supplementation with the ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Here, we tested the hypothesis that dietary DHA supplementation suppresses cSiO2-induced inflammatory proteins in bronchoalveolar alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and plasma of lupus-prone mice. Archived tissue fluid samples were used from a prior investigation in which 6 wk-old lupus-prone female NZBWF1 mice were fed isocaloric diets containing 0 or 10 g/kg DHA for 2 wks and then intranasally instilled with 1 mg cSiO2 or vehicle once weekly for 4 wks. Cohorts were terminated at 1, 5, 9 or 13 wk post-instillation (PI). BALF and plasma from each cohort were analyzed by high density multiplex array profiling of 200 inflammatory proteins. cSiO2 time-dependently induced increases in the BALF protein signatures that were highly reflective of unresolved lung inflammation, although responses in the plasma were much less robust. Induced proteins in BALF included chemokines (e.g., MIP-2, MCP-5), enzymes (e.g., MMP-10, granzyme B), adhesion molecules (e.g., sE-selectin, sVCAM-1), co-stimulatory molecules (e.g., sCD40L, sCD48), TNF superfamily proteins (e.g., sTNFRI, sBAFF-R), growth factors (e.g., IGF-1, IGFBP-3), and signal transduction proteins (e.g., MFG-E8, FcgRIIB), many of which were blocked or delayed by DHA supplementation. The BALF inflammatory proteome correlated positively with prior measurements of gene expression, pulmonary ectopic lymphoid tissue neogenesis, and induction of autoantibodies in the lungs of the control and treatment groups. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) revealed that IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6 were among the top upstream regulators of the cSiO2-induced protein response. Furthermore, DHA's effects were associated with downregulation of cSiO2-induced pathways involving i) inhibition of ARE-mediated mRNA decay, ii) bacterial and viral pattern recognition receptor activation, or iii) TREM1, STAT3, NF-κB, and VEGF signaling and with upregulation of PPAR, LXR/RXR and PPARα/RXRα signaling. Altogether, these preclinical findings further support the contention that dietary DHA supplementation could be applicable as an intervention against inflammation-driven autoimmune triggering by cSiO2 or potentially other environmental agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lichchavi D. Rajasinghe
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Melissa A. Bates
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Abby D. Benninghoff
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Utah State University, Logan, UT, United States
| | - Kathryn A. Wierenga
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Jack R. Harkema
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - James J. Pestka
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
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26
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Yang X, Lu D, Zhu B, Sun Z, Li G, Li J, Liu Q, Jiang G. Phase transformation of silica particles in coal and biomass combustion processes. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 292:118312. [PMID: 34627962 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Inhalation of respirable silica particles can cause serious lung diseases (e.g., silicosis and lung cancer), and the toxicity of respirable silica is highly dependent on its crystal form. Common combustion processes such as coal and biomass burning can provide high temperature environments that may alter the crystal forms of silica and thus affect its toxic effects. Although crystalline silica (i.e., quartz, tridymite, and cristobalite) were widely found at different temperatures during the burning processes, the sources and crystal transformation pathways of silica in the burning processes are still not well understood. Here, we investigate the crystal transformation of silica in the coal and biomass combustion processes and clarify the detailed transformation pathways of silica for the first time. Specifically, in coal burning process, amorphous silica can transform into quartz and cristobalite starting at 1100 °C, and quartz transforms into cristobalite starting at 1200 °C; in biomass burning process, amorphous silica can transform into cristobalite starting at 800 °C, and cristobalite transforms into tridymite starting at 1000 °C. These transformation temperatures are significantly lower than those predicted by the classic theory due to possibly the catalysis of coexisting metal elements (e.g., aluminum, iron, and potassium). Our results not only enable a deeper understanding on the combustion-induced crystal transformation of silica, but also contribute to the mitigation of population exposure to respirable silica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuezhi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Dawei Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Bao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Zhendong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Gang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Jie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Qian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China; Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China.
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
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27
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In vitro impact preliminary assessment of airborne particulate from metalworking and woodworking industries. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20181. [PMID: 34642423 PMCID: PMC8511069 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99815-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhalation is the main route of exposure to airborne pollutants. To evaluate the safety and assess the risks of occupational hazards different testing approaches are used. 3D airway epithelial tissues allow to mimic exposure conditions in vitro, generates human-relevant toxicology data, allows to elucidate the mode of action of pollutants. Gillian3500 pumps were used to collect the airborne particulate from woodworking and metalworking environments. EpiAirway tissues were used to model half working day (4 h), full working day (8 h), and 3 working day exposures to occupational pollutants. Tissue viability was assessed using an MTT assay. For preliminary assessment, RT-qPCR analyses were performed to analyze the expression of gelsolin, caspase-3, and IL-6. Tissue morphology was assessed by hematoxylin/eosin staining. An effect on the proliferation of lung epithelial cell line A549 was assessed. Acute exposure to workspace pollutants slightly affected tissue viability and did not change the morphology. No inhibiting effect was observed on the proliferation of A549 cells. Preliminary analysis showed that both types of particles suppressed the expression of gelsolin, with the effect of metalworking samples being more pronounced. A slight reduction in caspase-3 expression was observed. Particles from metalworking suppressed IL-6 expression.
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28
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Refsnes M, Skuland T, Øvrevik J, Låg M. Role of scavenger receptors in silica nanoparticle-induced cytokine responses in bronchial epithelial cells. Toxicol Lett 2021; 353:100-106. [PMID: 34653535 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2021.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A major challenge in nanoparticle (NP) research is to elucidate how NPs activate initial targets in cells, leading to cytotoxicity and inflammation. We have previously shown that silica (Si)NPs induce pro-inflammatory responses in bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) via mechanisms involving transforming growth factor (TGF)-α release, and activation of MAP-kinase p38 and JNK besides NF-κB (p65). In the present study, the roles of scavenger receptors (SRs) in SiNP-induced cytokine responses in BEAS-2B cells were examined by siRNA silencing. Cells exposed to Si10 and Si50 (nominal sizes 10 and 50 nm) showed marked interleukin (IL)-6, CXCL8, IL-1α, IL-1β responses. Transient knockdown of SR-B1, LOX-1 and CXCL16 reduced the Si10- and Si50-induced cytokine responses, to a different magnitude dependent on the particle size, SR and cytokine. Si10-induced TGF-α responses were also markedly reduced by knockdown of SR-B1 and CXCL16. Furthermore, the role of SR-B1 in Si10-induced phosphorylations of p65 and MAP-kinases p38 and JNK were examined, and no significant reductions were observed upon knockdown of SR-B1. In conclusion, LOX-1 and CXCL16 and especially SR-B1 seem to have important roles in mediating cytokine responses and TGF-α release due to SiNP exposure in BEAS-2B cells, without a down-stream role of MAP-kinase and NF-κB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magne Refsnes
- Section of Air Quality and Noise, Department of Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 222 Skøyen, N-0213, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Tonje Skuland
- Section of Air Quality and Noise, Department of Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 222 Skøyen, N-0213, Oslo, Norway
| | - Johan Øvrevik
- Section of Air Quality and Noise, Department of Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 222 Skøyen, N-0213, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marit Låg
- Section of Air Quality and Noise, Department of Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 222 Skøyen, N-0213, Oslo, Norway
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Milici A, Sanchez A, Talavera K. Silica Nanoparticles Inhibit Responses to ATP in Human Airway Epithelial 16HBE Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10173. [PMID: 34576336 PMCID: PMC8467126 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221810173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Because of their low cost and easy production, silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) are widely used in multiple manufacturing applications as anti-caking, densifying and hydrophobic agents. However, this has increased the exposure levels of the general population and has raised concerns about the toxicity of this nanomaterial. SiNPs affect the function of the airway epithelium, but the biochemical pathways targeted by these particles remain largely unknown. Here we investigated the effects of SiNPs on the responses of 16HBE14o- cultured human bronchial epithelial (16HBE) cells to the damage-associated molecular pattern ATP, using fluorometric measurements of intracellular Ca2+ concentration. Upon stimulation with extracellular ATP, these cells displayed a concentration-dependent increase in intracellular Ca2+, which was mediated by release from intracellular stores. SiNPs inhibited the Ca2+ responses to ATP within minutes of application and at low micromolar concentrations, which are significantly faster and more potent than those previously reported for the induction of cellular toxicity and pro-inflammatory responses. SiNPs-induced inhibition is independent from the increase in intracellular Ca2+ they produce, is largely irreversible and occurs via a non-competitive mechanism. These findings suggest that SiNPs reduce the ability of airway epithelial cells to mount ATP-dependent protective responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Karel Talavera
- Laboratory of Ion Channel Research, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (A.M.); (A.S.)
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Gao S, Yang X, Xu J, Qiu N, Zhai G. Nanotechnology for Boosting Cancer Immunotherapy and Remodeling Tumor Microenvironment: The Horizons in Cancer Treatment. ACS NANO 2021; 15:12567-12603. [PMID: 34339170 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c02103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Immunotherapy that harnesses the human immune system to fight cancer has received widespread attention and become a mainstream strategy for cancer treatment. Cancer immunotherapy not only eliminates primary tumors but also treats metastasis and recurrence, representing a major advantage over traditional cancer treatments. Recently with the development of nanotechnology, there exists much work applying nanomaterials to cancer immunotherapy on the basis of their excellent physiochemical properties, such as efficient tissue-specific delivery function, huge specific surface area, and controllable surface chemistry. Consequently, nanotechnology holds significant potential in improving the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy. Nanotechnology-based immunotherapy mainly manifests its inhibitory effect on tumors via two different approaches: one is to produce an effective anti-tumor immune response during tumorigenesis, and the other is to enhance tumor immune defense ability by modulating the immune suppression mechanism in the tumor microenvironment. With the success of tumor immunotherapy, understanding the interaction between the immune system and smart nanomedicine has provided vigorous vitality for the development of cancer treatment. This review highlights the application, progress, and prospect of nanomedicine in the process of tumor immunoediting and also discusses several engineering methods to improve the efficiency of tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Gao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 WenhuaXilu, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Xiaoye Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 WenhuaXilu, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Jiangkang Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 WenhuaXilu, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Na Qiu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 WenhuaXilu, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Guangxi Zhai
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 WenhuaXilu, Jinan 250012, China
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Previous studies mainly described a role for organic agents as possible triggers for sarcoidosis. In this review, we address recent studies suggesting a possible role for inorganic elements, such as metals or silica in sarcoidosis pathogenesis. RECENT FINDINGS Several epidemiological papers suggest that inorganic agents, either by environmental exposures or occupational activities, could trigger sarcoidosis. Association between inorganics and sarcoidosis is also described in several recently published case reports and studies demonstrating immunological sensitization to inorganic agents in sarcoidosis patients.Studies comparing chronic beryllium disease (CBD) and sarcoidosis suggest that although antigenic triggers may differ, underlying processes may be comparable.Besides the fact that a growing number of studies show a possible role for inorganic triggers, it is also suggested that inorganic triggered sarcoidosis may result in a more severe phenotype, including pulmonary fibrosis. SUMMARY We can use the knowledge already gained on CBD pathogenesis to conduct further research into role of inorganics, such as metals and silica as antigens in sarcoidosis. Given the importance of a lymphocyte proliferation test (LPT) in diagnosing CBD, it seems obvious to also implement this test in the diagnostic work-up of sarcoidosis to identify patients with an inorganic antigenic trigger of their disease.
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Zhao X, Abulikemu A, Lv S, Qi Y, Duan J, Zhang J, Chen R, Guo C, Li Y, Sun Z. Oxidative stress- and mitochondrial dysfunction-mediated cytotoxicity by silica nanoparticle in lung epithelial cells from metabolomic perspective. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 275:129969. [PMID: 33662726 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Quantities of researches have demonstrated silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) exposure inevitably induced damage to respiratory system, nonetheless, knowledge of its toxicological behavior and metabolic interactions with the cellular machinery that determines the potentially deleterious outcomes are limited and poorly elucidated. Here, the metabolic responses of lung bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) under SiNPs exposure were investigated using ultra performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrum (UPLC-MS)-based metabolomics research. Results revealed that even with low cytotoxicity, SiNPs disturbed global metabolism. Five metabolic pathways were significantly perturbed, in particular, oxidative stress- and mitochondrial dysfunction-related GSH metabolism and pantothenate and coenzyme A (CoA) biosynthesis, where the identified metabolites glutathione (GSH), glycine, beta-alanine, cysteine, cysteinyl-glycine and pantothenic acid were included. In support of the metabolomics profiling, SiNPs caused abnormality in mitochondrial structure and mitochondrial dysfunction, as evidenced by the inhibition of cellular respiration and ATP production. Moreover, SiNPs triggered oxidative stress as confirmed by the dose-dependent ROS generation, down-regulated nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) signaling, together with GSH depletion in SiNPs-treated BEAS-2B cells. Oxidative DNA damage and cell membrane dis-integrity were also detected in response to SiNPs exposure, which was correspondingly in agreed with the elevated 8-hydroxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and decreased phospholipids screened through metabolic analysis. Thereby, we successfully used the metabolomics approaches to manifest SiNPs-elicited toxicity through oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, DNA damage and rupture of membrane integrity in BEAS-2B cells. Overall, our study provided novel insights into the mechanism underlying SiNPs-induced pulmonary toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinying Zhao
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Alimire Abulikemu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China; Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Songqing Lv
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Yi Qi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China; Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Junchao Duan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China; Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, 361102, Xiamen, China
| | - Rui Chen
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Caixia Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China; Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
| | - Yanbo Li
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
| | - Zhiwei Sun
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
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Olejnik M, Breisch M, Sokolova V, Loza K, Prymak O, Rosenkranz N, Westphal G, Bünger J, Köller M, Sengstock C, Epple M. The effect of short silica fibers (0.3 μm 3.2 μm) on macrophages. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 769:144575. [PMID: 33486165 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Silica fibers with a dimension of 0.3 μm ∙ 3.2 μm2 nm were prepared by a modified Stöber synthesis as model particles. The particles were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, elemental analysis, thermogravimetry and X-ray powder diffraction. Their uptake by macrophages (THP-1 cells and NR8383 cells) was studied by confocal laser scanning microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The uptake by cells was very high, but the silica fibers were not harmful to NR8383 cells in concentrations up to 100 μg mL-1. Only above 100 μg mL-1, significant cell toxic effects were observed, probably induced by a high dose of particles that had sedimented on the cells and led to the adverse effects. The chemotactic response as assessed by the particle-induced migration assay (PICMA) was weak in comparison to a control of agglomerated silica particles. The as-prepared fibers were fully X-ray amorphous but crystallized to β-cristobalite after heating to 1000 °C and converted to α-cristobalite upon cooling to ambient temperature. The fibers had sintered to larger aggregates but retained their elongated primary shape. The particle cytotoxicity towards THP-1 cells was not significantly enhanced by the crystallization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Olejnik
- Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CeNIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Marina Breisch
- BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Surgical Research, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Viktoriya Sokolova
- Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CeNIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Kateryna Loza
- Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CeNIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Oleg Prymak
- Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CeNIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Nina Rosenkranz
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum (IPA), Bochum, Germany
| | - Götz Westphal
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum (IPA), Bochum, Germany
| | - Jürgen Bünger
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum (IPA), Bochum, Germany
| | - Manfred Köller
- BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Surgical Research, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Christina Sengstock
- BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Surgical Research, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
| | - Matthias Epple
- Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CeNIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
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Grytting VS, Refsnes M, Øvrevik J, Halle MS, Schönenberger J, van der Lelij R, Snilsberg B, Skuland T, Blom R, Låg M. Respirable stone particles differ in their ability to induce cytotoxicity and pro-inflammatory responses in cell models of the human airways. Part Fibre Toxicol 2021; 18:18. [PMID: 33957952 PMCID: PMC8101231 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-021-00409-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Respirable stone- and mineral particles may be a major constituent in occupational and ambient air pollution and represent a possible health hazard. However, with exception of quartz and asbestos, little is known about the toxic properties of mineral particles. In the present study, the pro-inflammatory and cytotoxic responses to six stone particle samples of different composition and with diameter below 10 μm were assessed in human bronchial epithelial cells (HBEC3-KT), THP-1 macrophages and a HBEC3-KT/THP-1 co-culture. Moreover, particle-induced lysis of human erythrocytes was assessed to determine the ability of the particles to lyse biological membranes. Finally, the role of the NLRP3 inflammasome was assessed using a NLRP3-specific inhibitor and detection of ASC oligomers and cleaved caspase-1 and IL-1β. A reference sample of pure α-quartz was included for comparison. Results Several stone particle samples induced a concentration-dependent increase in cytotoxicity and secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokines CXCL8, IL-1α, IL-1β and TNFα. In HBEC3-KT, quartzite and anorthosite were the most cytotoxic stone particle samples and induced the highest levels of cytokines. Quartzite and anorthosite were also the most cytotoxic samples in THP-1 macrophages, while anorthosite and hornfels induced the highest cytokine responses. In comparison, few significant differences between particle samples were detected in the co-culture. Adjusting responses for differences in surface area concentrations did not fully account for the differences between particle samples. Moreover, the stone particles had low hemolytic potential, indicating that the effects were not driven by membrane lysis. Pre-incubation with a NLRP3-specific inhibitor reduced stone particle-induced cytokine responses in THP-1 macrophages, but not in HBEC3-KT cells, suggesting that the effects are mediated through different mechanisms in epithelial cells and macrophages. Particle exposure also induced an increase in ASC oligomers and cleaved caspase-1 and IL-1β in THP-1 macrophages, confirming the involvement of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Conclusions The present study indicates that stone particles induce cytotoxicity and pro-inflammatory responses in human bronchial epithelial cells and macrophages, acting through NLRP3-independent and -dependent mechanisms, respectively. Moreover, some particle samples induced cytotoxicity and cytokine release to a similar or greater extent than α-quartz. Thus, these minerals warrant further attention in future research. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12989-021-00409-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vegard Sæter Grytting
- Section of Air Pollution and Noise, Department of Environmental Health, Domain of Infectious Disease Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 4404, Nydalen, N-0403, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Magne Refsnes
- Section of Air Pollution and Noise, Department of Environmental Health, Domain of Infectious Disease Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 4404, Nydalen, N-0403, Oslo, Norway
| | - Johan Øvrevik
- Section of Air Pollution and Noise, Department of Environmental Health, Domain of Infectious Disease Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 4404, Nydalen, N-0403, Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | | | | | - Tonje Skuland
- Section of Air Pollution and Noise, Department of Environmental Health, Domain of Infectious Disease Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 4404, Nydalen, N-0403, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Marit Låg
- Section of Air Pollution and Noise, Department of Environmental Health, Domain of Infectious Disease Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 4404, Nydalen, N-0403, Oslo, Norway.
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Marchetti S, Mollerup S, Gutzkow KB, Rizzi C, Skuland T, Refsnes M, Colombo A, Øvrevik J, Mantecca P, Holme JA. Biological effects of combustion-derived particles from different biomass sources on human bronchial epithelial cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2021; 75:105190. [PMID: 33964422 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2021.105190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Combustion-derived particles (CDPs), in particular from traffic, are regarded as a central contributor for adverse health effects linked to air pollution. Recently, also biomass burning has been recognized as an important source for CDPs. Here, the effects of CDPs (PM10) originating from burning of pellet, charcoal and wood on key processes associated to lung carcinogenesis were explored. Human bronchial epithelial cells (HBEC3-KT) were exposed to 2.5 μg/cm2 of CDPs for 24 h and biological effects were examined in terms of cytotoxicity, inflammation, epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related effects, DNA damage and genotoxicity. Reduced cell migration, inflammation and modulation of various PM-associated genes were observed mainly after exposure to wood and pellet. In contrast, only particles from pellet burning induced alteration in cell proliferation and DNA damage, which resulted in cell cycle alterations. Charcoal instead, appeared in general less effective in inducing pro-carcinogenic effects. These results illustrate differences in the toxicological profile due to the CDPs source. The different chemical compounds adsorbed on CDPs seemed to be central for particle properties, leading to an activation of various cellular signaling pathways involved in early steps of cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Marchetti
- POLARIS Research Centre, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 1, 20126 Milano, Italy,.
| | - Steen Mollerup
- Section of Occupational Toxicology, National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo N-0033, Norway.
| | - Kristine Bjerve Gutzkow
- Section of Molecular Toxicology, Department of Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 4404, Nydalen, Oslo N-0403, Norway.
| | - Cristiana Rizzi
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano - Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza, 1, 20126 Milano, Italy.
| | - Tonje Skuland
- Section of Pollution and Noise, Department of Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 4404, Nydalen, N-0403 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Magne Refsnes
- Section of Pollution and Noise, Department of Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 4404, Nydalen, N-0403 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Anita Colombo
- POLARIS Research Centre, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 1, 20126 Milano, Italy,.
| | - Johan Øvrevik
- Section of Pollution and Noise, Department of Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 4404, Nydalen, N-0403 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Paride Mantecca
- POLARIS Research Centre, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 1, 20126 Milano, Italy,.
| | - Jørn Andreas Holme
- Section of Pollution and Noise, Department of Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 4404, Nydalen, N-0403 Oslo, Norway.
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Zhao C, Xing Z, Zhang C, Fan Y, Liu H. Nanopharmaceutical-based regenerative medicine: a promising therapeutic strategy for spinal cord injury. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:2367-2383. [PMID: 33662083 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb02740e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a neurological disorder that can lead to loss of perceptive and athletic function due to the severe nerve damage. To date, pieces of evidence detailing the precise pathological mechanisms in SCI are still unclear. Therefore, drug therapy cannot effectively alleviate the SCI symptoms and faces the limitations of systemic administration with large side effects. Thus, the development of SCI treatment strategies is urgent and valuable. Due to the application of nanotechnology in pharmaceutical research, nanopharmaceutical-based regenerative medicine will bring colossal development space for clinical medicine. These nanopharmaceuticals (i.e. nanocrystalline drugs and nanocarrier drugs) are designed using different types of materials or bioactive molecules, so as to improve the therapeutic effects, reduce side effects, and subtly deliver drugs, etc. Currently, an increasing number of nanopharmaceutical products have been approved by drug regulatory agencies, which has also prompted more researchers to focus on the potential treatment strategies of SCI. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to summarize and elaborate the research progress as well as the challenges and future of nanopharmaceuticals in the treatment of SCI, aiming to promote further research of nanopharmaceuticals in SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China. and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Zheng Xing
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China.
| | - Chunchen Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Education Ministry of China, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardio-Cerebral Vascular Detection Technology and Medicinal Effectiveness Appraisal, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Yubo Fan
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China.
| | - Haifeng Liu
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China.
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Kersting M, Olejnik M, Rosenkranz N, Loza K, Breisch M, Rostek A, Westphal G, Bünger J, Ziegler N, Ludwig A, Köller M, Sengstock C, Epple M. Subtoxic cell responses to silica particles with different size and shape. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21591. [PMID: 33299057 PMCID: PMC7726159 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78550-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Health risks from particles are a priority challenge to health protection at work. Despite the ubiquitous exposure to a wide range of particles and the many years of research in this field, there are fundamental unresolved questions regarding the prevention of particle-related respiratory diseases. Here, the highly relevant particulate material silicon dioxide was analyzed with emphasis on defined size and shape. Silica particles were prepared with different size and shape: Spheres (NS nanospheres 60 nm; SMS submicrospheres 230 nm; MS microspheres 430 nm) and rods (SMR submicrorods with d = 125 nm, L = 230 nm; aspect ratio 1:1.8; MR microrods with d = 100 nm, L = 600 nm; aspect ratio 1:6). After an in-depth physicochemical characterization, their effects on NR8383 alveolar macrophages were investigated. The particles were X-ray amorphous, well dispersed, and not agglomerated. Toxic effects were only observed at high concentrations, i.e. ≥ 200 µg mL-1, with the microparticles showing a stronger significant effect on toxicity (MS≈MR > SMR≈SMS≈NS) than the nanoparticles. Special attention was directed to effects in the subtoxic range (less than 50% cell death compared to untreated cells), i.e. below 100 µg mL-1 where chronic health effects may be expected. All particles were readily taken up by NR8383 cells within a few hours and mainly found associated with endolysosomes. At subtoxic levels, neither particle type induced strongly adverse effects, as probed by viability tests, detection of reactive oxygen species (ROS), protein microarrays, and cytokine release (IL-1β, GDF-15, TNF-α, CXCL1). In the particle-induced cell migration assay (PICMA) with leukocytes (dHL-60 cells) and in cytokine release assays, only small effects were seen. In conclusion, at subtoxic concentrations, where chronic health effects may be expected, neither size and nor shape of the synthesized chemically identical silica particles showed harmful cell-biological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Kersting
- BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Surgical Research, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Mateusz Olejnik
- Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CeNIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Nina Rosenkranz
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum (IPA), Bochum, Germany
| | - Kateryna Loza
- Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CeNIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Marina Breisch
- BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Surgical Research, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Alexander Rostek
- Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CeNIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Götz Westphal
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum (IPA), Bochum, Germany
| | - Jürgen Bünger
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum (IPA), Bochum, Germany
| | - Nadine Ziegler
- Chair for Materials Discovery and Interfaces, Institute for Materials, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Alfred Ludwig
- Chair for Materials Discovery and Interfaces, Institute for Materials, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Manfred Köller
- BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Surgical Research, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Christina Sengstock
- BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Surgical Research, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
| | - Matthias Epple
- Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CeNIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
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Pavan C, Santalucia R, Leinardi R, Fabbiani M, Yakoub Y, Uwambayinema F, Ugliengo P, Tomatis M, Martra G, Turci F, Lison D, Fubini B. Nearly free surface silanols are the critical molecular moieties that initiate the toxicity of silica particles. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:27836-27846. [PMID: 33097669 PMCID: PMC7668052 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2008006117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhalation of silica particles can induce inflammatory lung reactions that lead to silicosis and/or lung cancer when the particles are biopersistent. This toxic activity of silica dusts is extremely variable depending on their source and preparation methods. The exact molecular moiety that explains and predicts this variable toxicity of silica remains elusive. Here, we have identified a unique subfamily of silanols as the major determinant of silica particle toxicity. This population of "nearly free silanols" (NFS) appears on the surface of quartz particles upon fracture and can be modulated by thermal treatments. Density functional theory calculations indicates that NFS locate at an intersilanol distance of 4.00 to 6.00 Å and form weak mutual interactions. Thus, NFS could act as an energetically favorable moiety at the surface of silica for establishing interactions with cell membrane components to initiate toxicity. With ad hoc prepared model quartz particles enriched or depleted in NFS, we demonstrate that NFS drive toxicity, including membranolysis, in vitro proinflammatory activity, and lung inflammation. The toxic activity of NFS is confirmed with pyrogenic and vitreous amorphous silica particles, and industrial quartz samples with noncontrolled surfaces. Our results identify the missing key molecular moieties of the silica surface that initiate interactions with cell membranes, leading to pathological outcomes. NFS may explain other important interfacial processes involving silica particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Pavan
- Louvain Centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, UCLouvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy
- "G. Scansetti" Interdepartmental Centre for Studies on Asbestos and Other Toxic Particulates, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Rosangela Santalucia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy
- Nanostructured Interfaces and Surfaces Interdepartmental Centre, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Riccardo Leinardi
- Louvain Centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, UCLouvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy
- "G. Scansetti" Interdepartmental Centre for Studies on Asbestos and Other Toxic Particulates, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Marco Fabbiani
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy
- Nanostructured Interfaces and Surfaces Interdepartmental Centre, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Yousof Yakoub
- Louvain Centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, UCLouvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Francine Uwambayinema
- Louvain Centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, UCLouvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Piero Ugliengo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy
- Nanostructured Interfaces and Surfaces Interdepartmental Centre, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Maura Tomatis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy
- "G. Scansetti" Interdepartmental Centre for Studies on Asbestos and Other Toxic Particulates, 10125 Turin, Italy
- Nanostructured Interfaces and Surfaces Interdepartmental Centre, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Gianmario Martra
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy
- "G. Scansetti" Interdepartmental Centre for Studies on Asbestos and Other Toxic Particulates, 10125 Turin, Italy
- Nanostructured Interfaces and Surfaces Interdepartmental Centre, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Francesco Turci
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy;
- "G. Scansetti" Interdepartmental Centre for Studies on Asbestos and Other Toxic Particulates, 10125 Turin, Italy
- Nanostructured Interfaces and Surfaces Interdepartmental Centre, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Dominique Lison
- Louvain Centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, UCLouvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Bice Fubini
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy
- "G. Scansetti" Interdepartmental Centre for Studies on Asbestos and Other Toxic Particulates, 10125 Turin, Italy
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