1
|
Kuhlemeier A, Tucker JA, Witkiewitz K. Role of relative-reinforcement value of alcohol-free activities during recovery from alcohol use disorder in an adult clinical sample. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 2024; 32:410-417. [PMID: 38635163 PMCID: PMC11239284 DOI: 10.1037/pha0000713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Behavioral economic theory has been extensively applied to understand alcohol use disorder (AUD). Applications of behavioral economic theory conceptualize AUD as a pattern of harmful alcohol use over extended periods of time in which choices between drinking or engaging in alcohol-free activities favor drinking. Recovery, in contrast, entails a sustained shift toward a pattern of selecting rewarding alcohol-free activities. The present study examined whether alcohol-free activity engagement and the relative-reinforcement value (RRV) of engaging in those activities predicted AUD treatment outcomes via secondary analysis of data from Project MATCH, a multisite randomized clinical trial examining behavioral treatments for AUD (N = 1,279, 75.8% male, 81.0% non-Hispanic White, 9.5% Black, 7.7% Hispanic/Latino, 1.5% American Indian/Alaska Native, < 1% Asian American, and other race/ethnicity). Regression analyses indicated that every additional alcohol-free activity reported at 6 months posttreatment was associated with 7% fewer drinking days, 5% fewer heavy drinking days, and approximately one less drink per drinking day, as well as with significant improvements in depression, purpose in life, and psychosocial functioning at 12 months following treatment. Consistent with behavioral economic theory, higher RRV of alcohol-free activities also predicted significant reductions in drinking and improvements in functioning, and these associations were stronger compared to results for alcohol-free activity frequency only. The findings highlight the importance of understanding environmental contexts conducive to recovery and support the value of increasing alcohol-free activity engagement and the RRV of engaging in such activities to facilitate reductions in drinking and improved functioning among individuals with AUD. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alena Kuhlemeier
- Center on Alcohol, Substance Use, and Addictions, University of New Mexico
| | - Jalie A Tucker
- Department of Health Education and Behavior, University of Florida
| | - Katie Witkiewitz
- Center on Alcohol, Substance Use, and Addictions, University of New Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sharma P, Shenoy A, Shroff H, Kwong A, Lim N, Pillai A, Devuni D, Haque LY, Balliet W, Serper M. Management of alcohol-associated liver disease and alcohol use disorder in liver transplant candidates and recipients: Challenges and opportunities. Liver Transpl 2024; 30:848-861. [PMID: 38471008 DOI: 10.1097/lvt.0000000000000362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Alcohol-associated liver disease poses a significant global health burden, with rising alcohol consumption and prevalence of alcohol use disorder (AUD) contributing to increased morbidity and mortality. This review examines the challenges and opportunities in the care of candidates and recipients of liver transplant (LT) with AUD. Despite advancements in posttransplant patient survival, the risk of disease recurrence and alcohol relapse remains substantial. Several challenges have been identified, including (1) rising disease burden of alcohol-associated liver disease, variable transplant practices, and systemic barriers; (2) disparities in mental health therapy access and the impact on transplant; (3) variable definitions, underdiagnosis, and stigma affecting access to care; and (4) post-LT relapse, its risk factors, and consequential harm. The review focuses on the opportunities to improve AUD care for candidates and recipients of LT through effective biochemical monitoring, behavioral and pharmacologic approaches, creating Centers of Excellence for post-LT AUD care, advocating for policy reforms, and ensuring insurance coverage for necessary services as essential steps toward improving patient outcomes. The review also highlights unmet needs, such as the scarcity of addiction specialists, and calls for further research on personalized behavioral treatments, digital health, and value-based care models to optimize AUD care in the LT setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pratima Sharma
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Akhil Shenoy
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Hersh Shroff
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Allison Kwong
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Nicholas Lim
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Anjana Pillai
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Deepika Devuni
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lamia Y Haque
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases and Program in Addiction Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Wendy Balliet
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Marina Serper
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Moeller SJ, Abeykoon S, Dhayagude P, Varnas B, Weinstein JJ, Perlman G, Gil R, Fleming SM, Abi-Dargham A. Neural correlates of metacognition impairment in opioid addiction. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY. COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2024:S2451-9022(24)00202-7. [PMID: 39059467 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals with substance use disorder show impaired self-awareness of ongoing behavior. This deficit suggests problems with metacognition, operationalized in the cognitive neuroscience literature as the ability to monitor and evaluate the success of one's own cognition and behavior. However, the neural mechanisms of metacognition have not been characterized in a drug-addicted population. METHODS Community samples of participants with opioid use disorder (OUD) (N=27) and healthy controls (N=29) performed a previously-validated fMRI metacognition task (perceptual decision-making task along with confidence ratings of performance). Measures of recent drug use and addiction severity were also acquired. RESULTS Individuals with OUD had lower metacognitive sensitivity than controls (i.e., disconnection between task performance and task-related confidence). Trial-by-trial analyses showed that this overall group difference was driven by (suboptimally) low confidence in OUD during correct trials. In fMRI analyses, the task engaged an expected network of brain regions (e.g., rostrolateral prefrontal cortex and dorsal anterior cingulate/supplementary motor area, both previously linked to metacognition); group differences emerged in a large ventral anterior cluster that included the medial and lateral orbitofrontal cortex and striatum (higher activation in OUD). Trial-by-trial fMRI analyses showed group differences in rostrolateral prefrontal cortex activation, which further correlated with metacognitive behavior across all participants. Exploratory analyses suggested that the behavioral and neural group differences were exacerbated by recent illicit opioid use and unexplained by general cognition. CONCLUSIONS With confirmation and extension of these findings, metacognition and its associated neural circuits could become new, promising therapeutic targets in addiction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Scott J Moeller
- Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794.
| | - Sameera Abeykoon
- Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794
| | - Pari Dhayagude
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Benjamin Varnas
- Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794
| | - Jodi J Weinstein
- Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794
| | - Greg Perlman
- Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794
| | - Roberto Gil
- Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794
| | - Stephen M Fleming
- Max Planck UCL Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, University College London, London, WC1B 5EH, United Kingdom; Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, University College London, 12 Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, United Kingdom; Department of Experimental Psychology, University College London, 26 Bedford Way, London, WC1H 0AP, United Kingdom
| | - Anissa Abi-Dargham
- Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Miyake N, So R, Kariyama K, Itagaki Y, Yamagishi T, Wakuta A, Nishimura M, Murakami S, Ogawa M, Takebayashi Y, Sunami T, Yumoto Y, Ito M, Maesato H, Matsushita S, Nouso K. A smartphone app-based intervention combined with face-to-face sessions for alcohol dependence at internal medicine clinics: A randomized controlled trial. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2024; 90:68-75. [PMID: 39024702 DOI: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2024.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Addressing the limited access to treatments for alcohol dependence, we developed ALM-002, a therapeutic application to be "prescribed" for non-abstinence-oriented treatment in internal medicine settings. Our objective was to preliminarily assess the efficacy and safety of ALM-002. METHODS In a multicenter, open-label randomized controlled trial, participants aged ≥20 with alcohol dependence and daily alcohol consumption exceeding 60 g for men and 40 g for women, without severe complications, were randomly assigned to either the intervention group using ALM-002 or the treatment-as-usual control group. Participant in both groups received individual face-to-face sessions by physicians at weeks 0, 4, 8, and 12. The primary endpoint was the change in heavy drinking days (HDDs) from week 0 to week 12. A mixed model for repeated measures was employed. RESULTS We enrolled 43 participants: 22 in the intervention group and 21 in the control group. A significant reduction in HDDs every 4 weeks from week 0 to week 12 was observed, with a between-group difference of -6.99 days (95% CI: -12.4 to -1.6 days, standardized mean difference: -0.80). CONCLUSIONS These results indicate the potential of ALM-002 as a viable treatment for alcohol dependence. Further studies are needed to evaluate the clinical potential of ALM-002.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nozomi Miyake
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan.
| | - Ryuhei So
- CureApp, Inc, Tokyo, Japan; Okayama Psychiatric Medical Center, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kazuya Kariyama
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama City Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | | | | | - Akiko Wakuta
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama City Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Mamoru Nishimura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama City Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Shiho Murakami
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Red Cross Society Himeji Hospital, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Michihiro Ogawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yoshitake Takebayashi
- Department of Health Risk Communication, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | | | - Yosuke Yumoto
- National Hospital Organization Kurihama Medical and Addiction Center, Yokosuka, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Ito
- National Hospital Organization Kurihama Medical and Addiction Center, Yokosuka, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Maesato
- National Hospital Organization Ryukyu Hospital, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Sachio Matsushita
- National Hospital Organization Kurihama Medical and Addiction Center, Yokosuka, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Nouso
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama City Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Park SW, Choi H, Na EH, Oh HS, Roh SW, Lee SK. Effectiveness of the Korean-Patient Placement Criteria for Alcohol Use Disorders: A Prospective Exploratory Study. Psychiatry Investig 2024; 21:792-802. [PMID: 39089705 PMCID: PMC11298261 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2023.0314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Various patient placement criteria (PPC) have been developed to address alcohol use disorder (AUD), which has a high relapse rate and imposes substantial socioeconomic costs. Although research has shown PPC to be an effective tool, evidence supporting the Korean-PPC (K-PPC) is insufficient. This paper investigated whether treatment matching with the K-PPC was effective, based on variables related to AUD. METHODS In total, 524 participants were evaluated using the 6 dimensions of the K-PPC and levels of care (LoC) were recommended based on the results. Participants whose treatment matched with the recommended LoC were classified into the matched group, and those whose treatment did not match were classified into the mismatched group. Subsequently, treatment was planned according to the determined LoC, and a total of 3 follow-up evaluations were conducted at 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months. RESULTS There was no significant difference in the follow-up rate between the K-PPC matched group and the mismatched group. Of the variables measured by the 6 dimensions of the K-PPC, alcohol-related variables, depression, insight, and biomedical outcomes showed the most significant results (especially alcohol-related variables) from the baseline evaluation to the 6-month follow-up. In addition, the average adherence to the treatment program in the 6-month period was found to be higher in the matched group than in the mismatched group. CONCLUSION The K-PPC could be effective for placing patients and providing treatment by matching patient characteristics. Enhancing treatment program retention can also have a positive effect on clinical outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Wook Park
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Hayeong Choi
- Department of Psychiatry, Hallym University, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui Hyeon Na
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Presbyterian Medical Center, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Seok Oh
- Department of Psychiatry, Konyang University College of Medicine, Konyang University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Won Roh
- Department of Psychiatry, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Kyu Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Hallym University, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Azagba S, Ebling T, Shan L, Hall M, Wolfson M. Treatment Referrals Post-prohibition of Alcohol Exclusion Laws: Evidence from Colorado and Illinois. J Gen Intern Med 2024; 39:1649-1656. [PMID: 38169024 PMCID: PMC11254860 DOI: 10.1007/s11606-023-08544-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals with alcohol-related disorders often encounter barriers to accessing treatment. One potential barrier is the state alcohol exclusion laws (AELs) that allow insurers to deny coverage for injuries or illnesses caused by alcohol intoxication. Several states have repealed AELs by prohibiting them completely, including banning exclusions in health and accident insurance policies, limiting their scope, or creating exemptions. OBJECTIVES To examine whether prohibiting alcohol exclusions in health and accident insurance policies is associated with alcohol-related treatment admissions. DESIGN We used the 2002 to 2017 Treatment Episode Data Set and obtained data from several sources to control for state-level factors. We employed a heterogeneous difference-in-differences method and an event study to compare the treatment admissions in Colorado and Illinois, two states that uniquely repealed AELs, with control states that allowed or had no AELs. MAIN MEASURES We used aggregated alcohol treatment admission for adults by healthcare referral: (i) with alcohol as the primary substance and (ii) with alcohol as the primary, secondary, or tertiary substance. KEY RESULTS We found a significant relationship between AEL repeal and increased referrals. AEL repeal in Colorado and Illinois was associated with higher treatment admissions from 2008 to 2011 (average treatment effect on the treated: 2008 = 653, 2009 = 1161, 2010 = 1388, and 2011 = 2020). We also found that a longer duration of exposure to AEL repeal was associated with higher treatment admissions, but this effect faded after the fourth year post-treatment. CONCLUSIONS Our study reveals a potential positive association between the repeal and prohibition of AELs and increased alcohol-related treatment admissions. These findings suggest that states could enhance treatment opportunities for alcohol-related disorders by reconsidering their stance on AELs. While our study highlights the possible public health benefits of repealing AELs, it also paves the way for additional studies in this domain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sunday Azagba
- College of Nursing, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
| | - Todd Ebling
- College of Nursing, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Lingping Shan
- Division of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Mark Hall
- Department of Social Science and Health Policy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Mark Wolfson
- Department of Social Medicine, Population and Public Health, University of California Riverside School of Medicine, Riverside, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Gertzen M, Karcher S, Schwarz J, Rosenberger C, Strasburger M, Rabenstein A, Strasser AM, Palm U, Rüther T. "I Can't Get No Satisfaction"-Psychosocial Aspects and Awareness of Negative Impacts in Chemsex Users: Results from an Anonymous Online Survey. Brain Sci 2024; 14:666. [PMID: 39061406 PMCID: PMC11275116 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14070666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Chemsex is the interplay of substance use by men who have sex with men (MSM) in sexual contexts. The minority stress model and the identity process theory are explanatory models. In this study, we investigated whether (i) differences in certain psychosocial aspects (i.e., shame, aspects of queer identity, and sexual self-concepts) exist between chemsex users and non-users, and (ii) which factors influence an awareness of negative impacts in chemsex users. We conducted an anonymous, cross-sectional, online survey, including sociodemography, sexual history, history of substance use, validated scales for shame-proneness, aspects of queer identity, and sexual self-concepts. Our analysis comprised descriptive statistics, t-tests, Spearman's correlations, and a multiple linear regression model. We recorded a total of 3257 datasets with 107 chemsex users. Chemsex users showed higher rates for risky sexual behavior. Values for shame proneness, more negative aspects of queer identity, and sexual self-concepts were elevated in chemsex users with an awareness of negative impacts. Sexual anxiety, intravenous substance use, and having had a difficult process coming out were significant predictors of feeling negative impacts. Aspects of shame, queer identity aspects, and sexual self-concepts play an important role in the field of chemsex. Different explanatory models seem to be relevant for different subgroups of chemsex users. Chemsex users with an awareness of a problem were particularly vulnerable and distressed but had the highest motivation for change. Prevention, counseling, and care might profit from the inclusion of these aspects. Further anti-stigma campaigns and a specialization of the healthcare system are needed. Registration: DRKS00022336, date: 29th of October, 2020.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Gertzen
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty, University of Augsburg, 86156 Augsburg, Germany
| | - Sinan Karcher
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Johanna Schwarz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Cornelia Rosenberger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Moritz Strasburger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Andrea Rabenstein
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Anna-Martina Strasser
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty, University of Augsburg, 86156 Augsburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Palm
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
- P3 Clinic, 82327 Tutzing, Germany
| | - Tobias Rüther
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
McNally GP, Jean-Richard-Dit-Bressel P. A Cognitive Pathway to Persistent, Maladaptive Choice. Eur Addict Res 2024; 30:233-242. [PMID: 38865985 DOI: 10.1159/000538103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Correctly recognising that alcohol or other substances are causing problems is a necessary condition for those problems to spur beneficial behaviour change. Yet such recognition is neither immediate nor straightforward. Recognition that one's alcohol or drug use is causing negative consequences often occurs gradually. Contemporary addiction neuroscience has yet to make progress in understanding and addressing these recognition barriers, despite evidence that a lack of problem recognition is a primary impediment to seeking treatment. SUMMARY Based on our recent empirical work, this article shows how recognition barriers can emerge from dual constraints on how we learn about the negative consequences of our actions. One constraint is imposed by the characteristics of negative consequences themselves. A second constraint is imposed by the characteristics of human cognition and information processing. In some people, the joint action of these constraints causes a lack of correct awareness of the consequences of their behaviour and reduced willingness to update that knowledge and behaviour when confronted with counterevidence. KEY MESSAGES This "cognitive pathway" can drive persistent, maladaptive choice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gavan P McNally
- School of Psychology, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abrahamsson T, Magnusdottir E, Berge J, Lundvall Å, Öjehagen A, Håkansson A. Can the presence of specialized addiction staff in primary health care increase the number of alcohol-related medical consultations - A controlled intervention study. Addict Behav Rep 2024; 19:100526. [PMID: 38283065 PMCID: PMC10821536 DOI: 10.1016/j.abrep.2024.100526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Few individuals with alcohol use disorders receive treatment. Primary care has been suggested as an arena for early treatment for these disorders. Aim To evaluate whether the presence of a specialized addiction nurse can increase alcohol-related physician consultations in a primary care setting. Method This controlled intervention study included one intervention and one control primary care unit in Malmö, Sweden. At the intervention unit, an addiction nurse experienced in alcohol use disorder treatment was present 20 h weekly for 12 months. At both units, an educational lecture on alcohol use disorders was given at study start. The outcome was physicians' monthly number of alcohol-related diagnostic codes. Data were compared between intervention and control units using Poisson Regression. Eight statistical models were analyzed and Akaike information criterion was used to select the final model. Results The intervention was significantly associated with an increased number of registered alcohol-related diagnostic codes (risk ratio 1.33, 95 confidence interval 1.08-1.62). However, in sensitivity analyses, such a slope effect was more uncertain and no step effect was seen. A significant association was seen between the educational lecture and an increase in the number of registered alcohol-related codes at the sites (risk ratio 2.47, 1.37-4.46). Conclusion The presence of specialized addiction staff in a primary healthcare setting might increase the number of alcohol-related physician consultations in primary care, although more research is needed. An educational lecture about alcohol use disorders could be a simple but effective intervention to increase alcohol-related physician consultations in primary care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tove Abrahamsson
- Lund University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Psychiatry, Lund, Sweden
- Region Skåne, Center of Primary Care, Malmö, Sweden
| | | | - Jonas Berge
- Lund University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Psychiatry, Lund, Sweden
- Region Skåne, Malmö Addiction Center/Competence Center Addiction, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Åsa Lundvall
- Region Skåne, Malmö Addiction Center/Competence Center Addiction, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Agneta Öjehagen
- Lund University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Psychiatry, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anders Håkansson
- Lund University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Psychiatry, Lund, Sweden
- Region Skåne, Malmö Addiction Center/Competence Center Addiction, Malmö, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Bernier LB, Foley JD, Salomaa AC, Scheer JR, Kelly J, Hoeppner B, Batchelder AW. Examining sexual minority engagement in recovery community centers. JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCE USE AND ADDICTION TREATMENT 2024; 161:209340. [PMID: 38494052 PMCID: PMC11166124 DOI: 10.1016/j.josat.2024.209340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Research indicates that sexual minority (SM) individuals with alcohol and other drug use disorders may underutilize recovery resources generally but be more likely to use recovery community centers (RCCs). To inform recovery supports, this study characterized SM and heterosexual RCC members by demographics and clinical and recovery support service utilization. METHODS Cross-sectional secondary analyses compared SM and heterosexual RCC members in the northeastern U.S. (n = 337). Qualitative analyses coded the top three recovery facilitators. RESULTS Of the 337 participants (Meanage[SD] = 40.98[12.38], 51.8 % female), SM RCC members were more likely than heterosexuals to endorse lifetime psychiatric diagnoses and emergency department mental health treatment (p < .01). RCC service utilization and qualitatively derived recovery facilitators were mostly consistent across groups. CONCLUSIONS RCCs engaged SM individuals in recovery in ways consistent with heterosexuals. Despite otherwise vastly similar demographic characteristics across sexual identity, findings suggest a need for additional mental health resources for SM individuals in recovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren B Bernier
- Behavioral Medicine Program, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jacklyn D Foley
- Behavioral Medicine Program, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; The Fenway Institute, Fenway Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anna C Salomaa
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - John Kelly
- Behavioral Medicine Program, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Bettina Hoeppner
- Behavioral Medicine Program, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Abigail W Batchelder
- Behavioral Medicine Program, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; The Fenway Institute, Fenway Health, Boston, MA, USA; Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Möckl J, Manthey J, Murawski M, Lindemann C, Schulte B, Reimer J, Pogarell O, Kraus L. Clustering care pathways of people with alcohol dependence using a data linkage of routine data in Bremen, Germany. BMC Med 2024; 22:219. [PMID: 38816742 PMCID: PMC11140874 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-024-03438-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although many individuals with alcohol dependence (AD) are recognized in the German healthcare system, only a few utilize addiction-specific treatment services. Those who enter treatment are not well characterized regarding their prospective pathways through the highly fragmented German healthcare system. This paper aims to (1) identify typical care pathways of patients with AD and their adherence to treatment guidelines and (2) explore the characteristics of these patients using routine data from different healthcare sectors. METHODS We linked routinely collected register data of individuals with a documented alcohol-related diagnosis in the federal state of Bremen, Germany, in 2016/2017 and their addiction-specific health care: two statutory health insurance funds (outpatient pharmacotherapy for relapse prevention and inpatient episodes due to AD with and without qualified withdrawal treatment (QWT)), the German Pension Insurance (rehabilitation treatment) and a group of communal hospitals (outpatient addiction care). Individual care pathways of five different daily states of utilized addiction-specific treatment following an index inpatient admission due to AD were analyzed using state sequence analysis and cluster analysis. The follow-up time was 307 days (10 months). Individuals of the clustered pathways were compared concerning current treatment recommendations (1: QWT followed by postacute treatment; 2: time between QWT and rehabilitation). Patients' characteristics not considered during the cluster analysis (sex, age, nationality, comorbidity, and outpatient addiction care) were then compared using a multinomial logistic regression. RESULTS The analysis of 518 individual sequences resulted in the identification of four pathway clusters differing in their utilization of acute and postacute treatment. Most did not utilize subsequent addiction-specific treatment after their index inpatient episode (n = 276) or had several inpatient episodes or QWT without postacute treatment (n = 205). Two small clusters contained pathways either starting rehabilitation (n = 26) or pharmacotherapy after the index episode (n = 11). Overall, only 9.3% utilized postacute treatment as recommended. CONCLUSIONS A concern besides the generally low utilization of addiction-specific treatment is the implementation of postacute treatments for individuals after QWT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justin Möckl
- Department of Epidemiology and Diagnostics, IFT Institut Für Therapieforschung, Centre for Mental Health and Addiction Research, Munich, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jakob Manthey
- Center for Interdisciplinary Addiction Research, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Monika Murawski
- Department of Epidemiology and Diagnostics, IFT Institut Für Therapieforschung, Centre for Mental Health and Addiction Research, Munich, Germany
| | - Christina Lindemann
- Center for Interdisciplinary Addiction Research, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Medical Psychology, Center for Health Care Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Deutschland
| | - Bernd Schulte
- Center for Interdisciplinary Addiction Research, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jens Reimer
- Center for Interdisciplinary Addiction Research, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Zentrum Für Psychosoziale Medizin, Klinikum Itzehoe, Itzehoe, Germany
| | - Oliver Pogarell
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ludwig Kraus
- Department of Epidemiology and Diagnostics, IFT Institut Für Therapieforschung, Centre for Mental Health and Addiction Research, Munich, Germany.
- Center for Interdisciplinary Addiction Research, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Centre for Social Research On Alcohol and Drugs, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Hemrage S, Parkin S, Kalk NJ, Shah N, Deluca P, Drummond C. Inequity in clinical research access for service users presenting comorbidity within alcohol treatment settings: findings from a focused ethnographic study. Int J Equity Health 2024; 23:103. [PMID: 38778351 PMCID: PMC11110345 DOI: 10.1186/s12939-024-02197-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While healthcare policy has fostered implementation strategies to improve inclusion and access of under-served groups to clinical care, systemic and structural elements still disproportionately prevent service users from accessing research opportunities embedded within clinical settings. This contributes to the widening of health inequalities, as the absence of representativeness prevents the applicability and effectiveness of evidence-based interventions in under-served clinical populations. The present study aims to identify the individual (micro), organisational (meso) and structural (macro) barriers to clinical research access in patients with comorbid alcohol use disorder and alcohol-related liver disease. METHODS A focused ethnography approach was employed to explore the challenges experienced by patients in the access to and implementation of research processes within clinical settings. Data were collected through an iterative-inductive approach, using field notes and patient interview transcripts. The framework method was utilised for data analysis, and themes were identified at the micro, meso and macro levels. RESULTS At the micro-level, alcohol-related barriers included encephalopathy and acute withdrawal symptoms. Alcohol-unrelated barriers also shaped the engagement of service users in research. At the meso-level, staff and resource pressures, as well as familiarity with clinical and research facilities were noted as influencing intervention delivery and study retention. At the wider, macro-level, circumstances including the 'cost of living crisis' and national industrial action within healthcare settings had an impact on research processes. The findings emphasise a 'domino effect' across all levels, demonstrating an interplay between individual, organisational and structural elements influencing access to clinical research. CONCLUSIONS A combination of individual, organisational and structural barriers, exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic, and the socioeconomic landscape in which the study was conducted further contributed to the unequal access of under-served groups to clinical research participation. For patients with comorbid alcohol use disorder and alcohol-related liver disease, limited access to research further contributes towards a gap in effective evidence-based treatment, exacerbating health inequalities in this clinical population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Hemrage
- Department of Addictions, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Stephen Parkin
- Department of Addictions, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Public Health, Environments and Society, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Nicola J Kalk
- Department of Addictions, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Naina Shah
- Institute of Liver Studies, Cheyne Wing (Third Floor), King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | - Paolo Deluca
- Department of Addictions, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Colin Drummond
- Department of Addictions, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
de Bejczy A, Addolorato G, Aubin HJ, Guiraud J, Korpi ER, John Nutt D, Witkiewitz K, Söderpalm B. AUD in perspective. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2024; 175:1-19. [PMID: 38555113 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2024.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Alcohol is a major cause of pre-mature death and individual suffering worldwide, and the importance of diagnosing and treating AUD cannot be overstated. Given the global burden and the high attributable factor of alcohol in a vast number of diseases, the need for additional interventions and the development of new medicines is considered a priority by the World Health Organization (WHO). As of today, AUD is severely under-treated with a treatment gap nearing 90%, strikingly higher than that for other psychiatric disorders. Patients often seek treatment late in the progress of the disease and even among those who seek treatment only a minority receive medication, mirroring the still-prevailing stigma of the disease, and a lack of access to effective treatments, as well as a reluctance to total abstinence. To increase adherence, treatment goals should focus not only on maintaining abstinence, but also on harm reduction and psychosocial functioning. A personalised approach to AUD treatment, with a holistic view, and tailored therapy has the potential to improve AUD treatment outcomes by targeting the heterogeneity in genetics and pathophysiology, as well as reason for, and reaction to drinking. Also, the psychiatric co-morbidity rates are high in AUD and dual diagnosis can worsen symptoms and influence treatment response and should be considered in the treatment strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea de Bejczy
- Addiction Biology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Addiction and Dependency, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Giovanni Addolorato
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Università Cattolica di Roma, Rome, Italy; Internal Medicine and Alcohol Related Disease Unit, Columbus-Gemelli Hospital, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Henri-Jean Aubin
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CESP, Villejuif, France; AP-HP, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Julien Guiraud
- Amsterdam UMC, Location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Vergio, Clichy, France
| | - Esa R Korpi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - David John Nutt
- Imperial College London and GABA Labs, London, United Kingdom
| | - Katie Witkiewitz
- Department of Psychology and Center on Alcohol, Substance Use, and Addictions, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States
| | - Bo Söderpalm
- Addiction Biology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Addiction and Dependency, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kwobah EK, Goodrich S, Kulzer JL, Kanyesigye M, Obatsa S, Cheruiyot J, Kiprono L, Kibet C, Ochieng F, Bukusi EA, Ofner S, Brown SA, Yiannoutsos CT, Atwoli L, Wools-Kaloustian K. Adaptation of the Client Diagnostic Questionnaire for East Africa. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 4:e0001756. [PMID: 38502647 PMCID: PMC10950255 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0001756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Research increasingly involves cross-cultural work with non-English-speaking populations, necessitating translation and cultural validation of research tools. This paper describes the process of translating and criterion validation of the Client Diagnostic Questionnaire (CDQ) for use in a multisite study in Kenya and Uganda. The English CDQ was translated into Swahili, Dholuo (Kenya) and Runyankole/Rukiga (Uganda) by expert translators. The translated documents underwent face validation by a bilingual committee, who resolved unclear statements, agreed on final translations and reviewed back translations to English. A diagnostic interview by a mental health specialist was used for criterion validation, and Kappa statistics assessed the strength of agreement between non-specialist scores and mental health professionals' diagnoses. Achieving semantic equivalence between translations was a challenge. Validation analysis was done with 30 participants at each site (median age 32.3 years (IQR = (26.5, 36.3)); 58 (64.4%) female). The sensitivity was 86.7%, specificity 64.4%, positive predictive value 70.9% and negative predictive value 82.9%. Diagnostic accuracy by the non-specialist was 75.6%. Agreement was substantial for major depressive episode and positive alcohol (past 6 months) and alcohol abuse (past 30 days). Agreement was moderate for other depressive disorders, panic disorder and psychosis screen; fair for generalized anxiety, drug abuse (past 6 months) and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD); and poor for drug abuse (past 30 days). Variability of agreement between sites was seen for drug use (past 6 months) and PTSD. Our study successfully adapted the CDQ for use among people living with HIV in East Africa. We established that trained non-specialists can use the CDQ to screen for common mental health and substance use disorders with reasonable accuracy. Its use has the potential to increase case identification, improve linkage to mental healthcare, and improve outcomes. We recommend further studies to establish the psychometric properties of the translated tool.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edith Kamaru Kwobah
- Department of Mental Health, Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Suzanne Goodrich
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Jayne Lewis Kulzer
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | | | - Sarah Obatsa
- Centre for Microbiology Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
| | | | - Lorna Kiprono
- Academic Model Providing Access to Care, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Colma Kibet
- Academic Model Providing Access to Care, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Felix Ochieng
- Centre for Microbiology Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Elizabeth A. Bukusi
- Centre for Microbiology Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Susan Ofner
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Data Science, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Steven A. Brown
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Data Science, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Constantin T. Yiannoutsos
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Data Science, Indiana University Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Lukoye Atwoli
- Department of Mental Health and Behavioral Sciences, Moi University School of Medicine, Eldoret, Kenya
- Brain and Mind Institute and the Department of Internal Medicine, Medical College East Africa, Aga Khan University, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Kara Wools-Kaloustian
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Day E, Manitsa I, Farley A, Kelly JF. The UK National Recovery Survey: nationally representative survey of people overcoming a drug or alcohol problem. BJPsych Open 2024; 10:e67. [PMID: 38482691 PMCID: PMC10951842 DOI: 10.1192/bjo.2023.654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol or drug (AOD) problems are a significant health burden in the UK population, and understanding pathways to remission is important. AIMS To determine the UK population prevalence of overcoming an AOD problem and the prevalence and correlates of 'assisted' pathways to problem resolution. METHOD Stage 1: a screening question was administered in a national telephone survey to provide (a) an estimate of the UK prevalence of AOD problem resolution; and (b) a demographic profile of those reporting problem resolution. Stage 2: social surveying organisation YouGov used the demographic data from stage 1 to guide the administration of the UK National Recovery Survey to a representative subsample from its online panel. RESULTS In stage 1 (n = 2061), 102 (5%) reported lifetime AOD problem resolution. In the weighted sample (n = 1373) who completed the survey in stage 2, 49.9% reported 'assisted' pathway use via formal treatment (35.0%), mutual help (29.7%) and/or recovery support services (22.6%). Use of an assisted pathway was strongly correlated with lifetime AOD diagnosis (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 9.54) and arrest in the past year (AOR = 7.88) and inversely correlated with absence of lifetime psychiatric diagnosis (AOR = 0.17). Those with cocaine (AOR = 2.44) or opioid problems (AOR = 3.21) were more likely to use assisted pathways compared with those with primary alcohol problems. CONCLUSION Nearly three million people have resolved an AOD problem in the UK. Findings challenge the therapeutic pessimism sometimes associated with these problems and suggest a need to learn from community-based self-change that can supplement and enhance existing treatment modalities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ed Day
- School of Psychology, Institute for Mental Health, University of Birmingham, UK
| | - Ifigeneia Manitsa
- School of Psychology, Institute for Mental Health, University of Birmingham, UK
| | - Amanda Farley
- Institute for Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, UK
| | - John F. Kelly
- Harvard Medical School and Center for Addiction Medicine, Recovery Research Institute, at Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Binder A, Kilian C, Hanke S, Banabak M, Berkenhoff C, Petersen KU, Batra A. Stigma and self-stigma among women within the context of the german "zero alcohol during pregnancy" recommendation: A qualitative analysis of online forums and blogs. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DRUG POLICY 2024; 124:104331. [PMID: 38241887 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2024.104331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In many countries, including Germany, it is recommended to abstain from alcohol during pregnancy to avoid harm to the baby. In this qualitative research study, analysis of online forums was conducted to explore women's perception of the German "zero alcohol during pregnancy" recommendation with regard to stigma and self-stigma. METHODS We used a grounded theory approach to analyze online forum discussions on alcohol use during pregnancy. Data consisted of 9 discussion threads from 5 different forums and blogs involving 115 participants in total. We used key concepts developed during analysis and the theory of stigma to interpret the posts. RESULTS We identified five key themes: (1) Low alcohol health literacy as a breeding ground for stigmatization; (2) The widespread assumption that maternal abstinence is a prerequisite for being considered a "good mother"; (3) Interpersonal role conflicts and a guilty conscience as a result of stigmatization or self-stigmatization; (4) Paying little attention to the role of psychosocial factors in alcohol consumption, especially regarding partner responsibility during pregnancy.; (5) Understanding the "zero alcohol during pregnancy" recommendation as a complete ban, associated with loss of autonomy. CONCLUSION The current method of communicating the "zero alcohol during pregnancy" recommendation may have unintended consequences. Specifically, misconceptions about the harm associated with low alcohol consumption and setting high expectations of motherhood are factors that can contribute to stigma or self-stigma and potentially undermine self-efficacy, help-seeking behavior, and overcoming the barriers to alcohol health literacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annette Binder
- University Hospital Tübingen; Department of General Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Addiction Medicine and Addiction Research Section, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; DZPG (German Center for Mental Health), partner site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Carolin Kilian
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
| | - Sara Hanke
- University Hospital Tübingen; Department of General Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Addiction Medicine and Addiction Research Section, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Meryem Banabak
- University Hospital Tübingen; Department of General Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Addiction Medicine and Addiction Research Section, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Clara Berkenhoff
- University Hospital Tübingen; Department of General Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Addiction Medicine and Addiction Research Section, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Kay Uwe Petersen
- University Hospital Tübingen; Department of General Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Addiction Medicine and Addiction Research Section, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anil Batra
- University Hospital Tübingen; Department of General Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Addiction Medicine and Addiction Research Section, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; DZPG (German Center for Mental Health), partner site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
van der Boor C, Andersen LS, Massazza A, Tol WA, Taban D, Roberts B, Ssebunnya J, Kinyanda E, May C, Nadkarni A, Fuhr D. Using theory of change to plan for the implementation of a psychological intervention addressing alcohol use disorder and psychological distress in Uganda. Glob Ment Health (Camb) 2024; 11:e6. [PMID: 38283880 PMCID: PMC10808976 DOI: 10.1017/gmh.2023.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
In conflict-affected settings, prevalence of alcohol use disorders (AUDs) can be high. However, limited practical information exists on AUD management in low-income settings. Using a theory of change (ToC) approach, we aimed to identify pathways influencing the implementation and maintenance of a new transdiagnostic psychological intervention ("CHANGE"), targeting both psychological distress and AUDs in humanitarian settings. Three half-day workshops in Uganda engaged 41 stakeholders to develop a ToC map. ToC is a participatory program theory approach aiming to create a visual representation of how and why an intervention leads to specific outcomes. Additionally, five semi-structured interviews were conducted to explore experiences of stakeholders that participated in the ToC workshops. Two necessary pathways influencing the implementation and maintenance of CHANGE were identified: policy impact, and mental health service delivery. Barriers identified included policy gaps, limited recognition of social determinants and the need for integrated follow-up care. Interviewed participants valued ToC's participatory approach and expressed concerns about its adaptability in continuously changing contexts (e.g., humanitarian settings). Our study underscores ToC's value in delineating context-specific outcomes and identifies areas requiring further attention. It emphasizes the importance of early planning and stakeholder engagement for sustainable implementation of psychological interventions in humanitarian settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catharina van der Boor
- Department of Health Services Research and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Lena S. Andersen
- Section of Global Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alessandro Massazza
- Department of Health Services Research and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Wietse A. Tol
- Section of Global Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Athena Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Bayard Roberts
- Department of Health Services Research and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Joshua Ssebunnya
- Mental Health Focus Area, MRC/UVRI & LSHTM Uganda Research Unit/MRC Investigator, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Eugene Kinyanda
- Mental Health Focus Area, MRC/UVRI & LSHTM Uganda Research Unit/MRC Investigator, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Carl May
- Department of Health Services Research and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Abhijit Nadkarni
- Department of Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- Addictions and Related Research Group, Sangath, Goa, India
| | - Daniela Fuhr
- Department of Health Services Research and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- Department of Prevention and Evaluation, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology, Bremen, Germany
- Health Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Mitchell MM, Angelo S, Akinwolere OG, Perkins MM, Bender AA. Latent class analysis of perceived stigma among older adults receiving medications for opioid use disorder. JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCE USE AND ADDICTION TREATMENT 2024; 156:209187. [PMID: 37858796 PMCID: PMC10843650 DOI: 10.1016/j.josat.2023.209187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Public stigma surrounds individuals who use medication for their recovery from a substance use disorder. However, we know little about subgroups of individuals with varying levels of perceived stigma and how these levels may be associated with physical and mental health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and social support. METHODS We used latent class analysis to define subgroups of people aged 50-72 years of age (N = 104) who were enrolled in eight medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD) programs to explore subgroupings and correlates of group membership. RESULTS We found evidence for three distinct classes of individuals and named the classes 1) the high stigma class, 2) the embarrassed class, and 3) the low stigma class. We found that people in the high-stigma class reported more rejection, more abstinence-based support group involvement, and reduced mental HRQOL. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest reducing stigma among people on MOUD may help to boost mental HRQOL and improve social support receipt. The results are consistent with iatrogenic effects of AA/NA support groups such that these treatment modalities may increase stigma due to their focus on abstinence-only treatment for substance use disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sahil Angelo
- Georgetown University Hospital, United States of America
| | | | - Molly M Perkins
- Emory University School of Medicine, United States of America; Birmingham/Atlanta VA Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, United States of America
| | - Alexis A Bender
- Emory University School of Medicine, United States of America.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Wellensiek J, Specka M, Just J, Banger M, Bonnet U, Scherbaum N. Patient Perspectives on Pharmacotherapy of Alcohol Dependence. PHARMACOPSYCHIATRY 2024; 57:21-29. [PMID: 38052239 DOI: 10.1055/a-2190-4842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pharmacotherapy with drugs like naltrexone or acamprosate is a well-evaluated element in the treatment of alcohol dependence (AD). However, in many countries, these medications are rarely administered. The objective of the present study was to identify from patients' perspective factors that prevent the initiation and compliance with pharmacological treatment of AD. METHODS Patients from inpatient alcohol withdrawal treatment underwent a standardized interview. Questions included socio-demographic data, history of AD, treatment history, knowledge and personal experience regarding pharmacotherapy of AD, and personal views about the causes of AD. RESULTS Three hundred patients (mean age 47.3 years, 27.7% female, mean duration of AD 8.9 years, 67% with a history of previous inpatient withdrawal treatment) were included. The majority of patients (58.7%) already knew drugs for the pharmacotherapy of AD. Thirty percent had ever used such medications, most often acamprosate. Except for disulfiram, pharmacotherapy of AD had lasted only a few weeks, on average. Medication usually had been applied without additional psychotherapy. No severe side effects were reported. Patients had often stopped pharmacotherapy on their own, when assuming they had reached stable abstinence. Openness to start pharmacotherapy for AD was currently stated by 67% of the total sample. In multiple logistic regression, openness was predicted by having a concept of AD as a medical disease and by a shorter duration of AD. DISCUSSION To improve the administration of pharmacotherapy for AD implementation strategies should be systematically developed and evaluated with a focus on the concept of AD as a medical disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julian Wellensiek
- LVR Hospital Bonn, Department of Addiction Disorders and Psychotherapy, Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael Specka
- LVR-Hospital Essen, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Johannes Just
- Witten/Herdecke University, Faculty of Health, Department of Medicine, Witten, Germany
| | - Markus Banger
- LVR Hospital Bonn, Department of Addiction Disorders and Psychotherapy, Bonn, Germany
| | - Udo Bonnet
- LVR-Hospital Essen, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, Evangelisches Krankenhaus Castrop-Rauxel, Academic Teaching Hospital of the University of Duisburg/Essen, Castrop-Rauxel, Germany
| | - Norbert Scherbaum
- LVR-Hospital Essen, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Jirwe M, Andreasson S, Wallhed Finn S. Alcohol Dependence, Treatment Seeking, and Treatment Preferences Among Elderly: A Qualitative Study. J Addict Nurs 2024; 35:28-35. [PMID: 38373173 DOI: 10.1097/jan.0000000000000564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In Sweden, alcohol consumption has increased among people aged 65 years and older. Among older adults, 2.7% of men and 1.6% of women fulfill criteria for alcohol dependence. The large majority do not seek treatment. Little is known about treatment seeking among older adults with alcohol dependence. AIM The aim of this study was to describe elderly's views on alcohol dependence, treatment seeking, and treatment preferences. Possible gender differences will also be explored. METHODS Between December 2017 and March 2018, two focus group interviews and 10 individual interviews were conducted, using semistructured interviews. In total, 13 elderly participated. Data were analyzed using the framework approach. RESULTS Two themes and five subthemes were identified: (a) "regret and feelings of shame when losing control" consisting of two subthemes, namely, (1) loss of control over your alcohol consumption and (2) regret and feelings of shame, and (b) "taking back control over your life" consisting of three subthemes, namely, (1) becoming aware that you have problematic alcohol use, (2) to seek help for alcohol dependence, and (3) views on treatment options and treatment settings. CONCLUSIONS Increased alcohol use was attributed to a decrease in responsibility and belonging. Alcohol dependence was associated with shame and stigma, which was especially strong for women. Preferred treatments were tailored for the individual, rather than to general factors such as age or gender. Moreover, important components of treatment were to be met with respect, continuity, and controlled drinking as a treatment goal. Future research should focus on interventions to reduce stigma and the development of patient-centered treatments.
Collapse
|
21
|
Auriol C, Cantisano N, Raynal P. Factors influencing the acceptability of alcohol drinking for a patient with colorectal cancer. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0296409. [PMID: 38153919 PMCID: PMC10754451 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Colorectal cancer is the second deadliest cancer worldwide. One of the risk factors for the development of this type of cancer is alcohol consumption. Patients with colorectal cancer may be stigmatized regarding their cancer and regarding drinking behaviors they may exhibit. This study aimed to analyze community persons' and health professionals' acceptability judgments regarding alcohol drinkers having colorectal cancer. METHOD This study relies on an experimental method enabling the identification of variables involved in one's judgment, based on the exhaustive combination of factors yielding several scenarios rated by participants. Scenarios implemented factors possibly influencing participants' perception of a woman character having colorectal cancer. Factors included her drinking habits, post-diagnosis drinking behavior and type of diagnosis/prognosis. The participants were community persons (N' = 132) or health professionals (N" = 126). Data were analyzed using a within-subject factorial ANOVA. RESULTS In both samples, the "Post-diagnosis behavior" factor had large effect sizes, with drinking cessation being more acceptable than other drinking behaviors. Another factor, "Drinking habits", had significant influences on participants judgments, as higher drinking was considered less acceptable. A third factor, "Diagnosis" (polyps, early- or late-stage cancer), was taken into account by participants when it interacted with "Drinking habits" and "Post-diagnosis behavior". Indeed, participants considered most acceptable to continue drinking in the case of late-stage cancer, especially in the health professional sample where the acceptability of continuing drinking was almost doubled when the character had advanced- rather than early-cancer. CONCLUSION The lesser the drinking behavior, the better the acceptability. However, advanced cancer stage attenuated the poor acceptability of drinking in both samples, as participants' attitudes were more permissive when the patient had advanced cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camille Auriol
- Centre d’Etudes et de Recherches en Psychopathologie et Psychologie de la Santé, Université de Toulouse-Jean Jaurès, Toulouse, France
| | - Nicole Cantisano
- Centre d’Etudes et de Recherches en Psychopathologie et Psychologie de la Santé, Université de Toulouse-Jean Jaurès, Toulouse, France
| | - Patrick Raynal
- Centre d’Etudes et de Recherches en Psychopathologie et Psychologie de la Santé, Université de Toulouse-Jean Jaurès, Toulouse, France
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Wolfe DM, Hutton B, Corace K, Chaiyakunapruk N, Ngorsuraches S, Nochaiwong S, Presseau J, Grant A, Dowson M, Palumbo A, Suschinsky K, Skidmore B, Bartram M, Garner G, DiGioacchino L, Pump A, Peters B, Konefal S, Eves AP, Thavorn K. Service-level barriers to and facilitators of accessibility to treatment for problematic alcohol use: a scoping review. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1296239. [PMID: 38106884 PMCID: PMC10722420 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1296239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Services to treat problematic alcohol use (PAU) should be highly accessible to optimize treatment engagement. We conducted a scoping review to map characteristics of services for the treatment of PAU that have been reported in the literature to be barriers to or facilitators of access to treatment from the perspective of individuals with PAU. Methods A protocol was developed a priori, registered, and published. We searched MEDLINE®, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and additional grey literature sources from 2010 to April 2022 to identify primary qualitative research and surveys of adults with current or past PAU requiring treatment that were designed to identify modifiable characteristics of PAU treatment services (including psychosocial and pharmacologic interventions) that were perceived to be barriers to or facilitators of access to treatment. Studies of concurrent PAU and other substance use disorders were excluded. Study selection was performed by multiple review team members. Emergent barriers were coded and mapped to the accessibility dimensions of the Levesque framework of healthcare access, then descriptively summarized. Results One-hundred-and-nine included studies reported an extensive array of unique service-level barriers that could act alone or together to prevent treatment accessibility. These included but were not limited to lack of an obvious entry point, complexity of the care pathway, high financial cost, unacceptably long wait times, lack of geographically accessible treatment, inconvenient appointment hours, poor cultural/demographic sensitivity, lack of anonymity/privacy, lack of services to treat concurrent PAU and mental health problems. Discussion Barriers generally aligned with recent reviews of the substance use disorder literature. Ranking of barriers may be explored in a future discrete choice experiment of PAU service users. The rich qualitative findings of this review may support the design of new or modification of existing services for people with PAU to improve accessibility. Systematic Review Registration Open Science Framework doi: 10.17605/OSF.IO/S849R.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Brian Hutton
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Kim Corace
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Substance Use and Concurrent Disorders Program, Royal Ottawa Mental Health Centre, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research at the Royal, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Nathorn Chaiyakunapruk
- Department of Pharmacotherapy, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- Informatics, Decision Enhancement, and Analytics Sciences (IDEAS) Center, Veterans Affairs Salt Lake City Healthcare System, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | | | - Surapon Nochaiwong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care, Pharmacoepidemiology and Statistics Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Justin Presseau
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Alyssa Grant
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | | | - Kelly Suschinsky
- Substance Use and Concurrent Disorders Program, Royal Ottawa Mental Health Centre, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | - Mary Bartram
- Mental Health Commission of Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- School of Public Policy and Administration, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Gordon Garner
- Community Addictions Peer Support Association, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | - Andrew Pump
- Community Addictions Peer Support Association, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Brianne Peters
- Community Addictions Peer Support Association, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Sarah Konefal
- Canadian Centre on Substance Use and Addiction, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Amy Porath Eves
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Knowledge Institute on Child and Youth Mental Health and Addictions, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Kednapa Thavorn
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care, Pharmacoepidemiology and Statistics Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Cazalis A, Lambert L, Auriacombe M. Stigmatization of people with addiction by health professionals: Current knowledge. A scoping review. DRUG AND ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE REPORTS 2023; 9:100196. [PMID: 38023342 PMCID: PMC10656222 DOI: 10.1016/j.dadr.2023.100196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Background Stigma of people with substance and non-substance use disorders (SNSUD) is a long-known phenomenon. The aim of this review was to assess the stigmatization, by health professionals, of people with SNSUD, its characteristics and change over time. Methods A scoping review of literature reviews was conducted with systematic search of PubMed, Scopus and PsycINFO databases. Results From the 19 selected reviews, all focused on people with SUD (PWSUD) only and 20 % to 51 % of health professionals had negative attitudes/beliefs about SUD. Addiction training and clinical experience with PWSUD were associated with a less negative attitude. Health professionals' negative beliefs, lack of time or support were associated with less involvement in addiction care. Tobacco use disorder, SUDs other than alcohol and tobacco, relapse, psychiatric comorbidity or criminal records were associated with a more negative attitude. The influence of several variables potentially related to stigmatization was inconsistent across selected reviews. The evolution of stigmatization over time was not systematically assessed and showed mixed results. Conclusions The stigmatization of PWSUD has an impact on their care, and a change in some variables could reduce its importance: moral model of addiction, health professionals' negative beliefs, lack of training, time, and role support. Teaching what addiction is according to the medical chronic disease model, and developing stigma-focused training could improve caregivers' attitudes and further reduce stigma. Further studies are needed to determine whether stigma of PWSUD by health professionals has changed over time and to characterize stigma for people with non-substance use disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Cazalis
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- Addiction Team, Sleep, Addiction and Neuropsychiatry, (Sanpsy), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Unité mixte de recherche (UMR) 6033, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- Pôle interétablissement d'Addictologie, CH Charles Perrens and CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Laura Lambert
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- Addiction Team, Sleep, Addiction and Neuropsychiatry, (Sanpsy), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Unité mixte de recherche (UMR) 6033, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- Pôle interétablissement d'Addictologie, CH Charles Perrens and CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Marc Auriacombe
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- Addiction Team, Sleep, Addiction and Neuropsychiatry, (Sanpsy), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Unité mixte de recherche (UMR) 6033, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- Pôle interétablissement d'Addictologie, CH Charles Perrens and CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Day E, Manitsa I, Farley A, Kelly JF. A UK national study of prevalence and correlates of adopting or not adopting a recovery identity among individuals who have overcome a drug or alcohol problem. Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy 2023; 18:68. [PMID: 37978529 PMCID: PMC10657010 DOI: 10.1186/s13011-023-00579-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The concept of recovery has increasingly become an organizing paradigm in the addiction field in the past 20 years, but definitions of the term vary amongst interested groups (e.g. researchers, clinicians, policy makers or people with lived experience). Although professional groups have started to form a consensus, people with lived experience of alcohol or drug (AOD) problems use the term in a different way, leading to confusion in policy making in the UK. Greater knowledge about the prevalence and correlates of adopting a recovery identity amongst those who have overcome an AOD problem would inform clinical, public health, and policy communication efforts. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional nationally representative survey of individuals resolving a significant AOD problem (n = 1,373). Weighted analyses estimated prevalence and tested correlates of label adoption. Qualitative analyses summarized reasons for adopting or not adopting a recovery identity. RESULTS The proportion of individuals currently identifying as being in recovery was 52.4%, never in recovery 28.6%, and no longer in recovery 19.0%. Predictors of identifying as being in recovery included current abstinence from AOD, formal treatment, recovery support service or mutual-help participation, and history of being diagnosed with AOD or other psychiatric disorders. Qualitative analyses found themes around not adopting a recovery identity related to low AOD problem severity, viewing the problem as resolved, or having little difficulty in stopping. CONCLUSIONS Despite increasing use of the recovery label and concept in clinical and policy contexts, many resolving AOD problems do not identify in this manner. These are most likely to be individuals with less significant histories of impairment secondary to AOD and who have not engaged with formal or informal treatment systems. The understanding of the term recovery in this UK population did not completely align with abstinence from alcohol or drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ed Day
- Institute for Mental Health, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B152TT, UK.
| | - Ifigeneia Manitsa
- Institute for Mental Health, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B152TT, UK
| | - Amanda Farley
- Institute for Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B152TT, UK
| | - John F Kelly
- Recovery Research Institute, Center for Addiction Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Barré T, Di Beo V, Roux P, Mourad A, Verger P, Fressard L, Herault T, Buyck JF, Beck F, Carrieri P. Screening for alcohol use in primary care: assessing French general practitioner practices. Alcohol Alcohol 2023; 58:672-682. [PMID: 37818974 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agad067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcohol use is a leading risk factor for premature death and disability. To tackle this issue, more systematic and accurate screening for at-risk consumption is needed in healthcare systems, especially by general practitioners (GPs). We assessed the frequency of at-risk consumption screening by GPs in France. We also identified characteristics associated with more frequent screening and greater use of validated screening tools by these healthcare providers. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among a representative sample of French GPs. Multinomial logistic regressions were used to identify factors associated with more frequent screening and greater use of validated screening tools. Response rate was of 73%. Of the 2412 participants, 42.8% screened all their patients systematically and repeatedly, while 48.0% never used standardized tools to screen potentially at-risk patients. Among other characteristics, being aware of and using the "early identification and brief intervention" screening strategy, and feeling absolutely comfortable talking with patients about reducing or stopping their alcohol use, were both associated with more frequent screening and use of standardized tools. Our results on at-risk alcohol use screening highlight an improvement over data from previous studies. Nevertheless, better training of French GPs in good alcohol screening practices-specifically, increased screening frequency and greater use of standardized tools-may improve identification of at-risk patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tangui Barré
- Aix Marseille Univ, Inserm, IRD, SESSTIM, Sciences Economiques & Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale, ISSPAM, Faculté de Médecine, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France
| | - Vincent Di Beo
- Aix Marseille Univ, Inserm, IRD, SESSTIM, Sciences Economiques & Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale, ISSPAM, Faculté de Médecine, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France
| | - Perrine Roux
- Aix Marseille Univ, Inserm, IRD, SESSTIM, Sciences Economiques & Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale, ISSPAM, Faculté de Médecine, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France
| | - Abbas Mourad
- Aix Marseille Univ, Inserm, IRD, SESSTIM, Sciences Economiques & Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale, ISSPAM, Faculté de Médecine, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France
| | - Pierre Verger
- ORS PACA, Southeastern Health Regional Observatory, Faculté des Sciences Médicales et Paramédicales, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France
| | - Lisa Fressard
- ORS PACA, Southeastern Health Regional Observatory, Faculté des Sciences Médicales et Paramédicales, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France
| | - Thomas Herault
- Union Régionale des Médecins Libéraux des Pays de La Loire, 13 rue de la Loire, Bâtiment C2, 44230 Saint Sébastien-sur-Loire, Nantes, France
| | - Jean-François Buyck
- Observatoire Régional de La Santé Des Pays de La Loire, 2 Rue de la Loire, 44200 Nantes, France
| | - François Beck
- Santé Publique France, 12, rue du Val d'Osne 94 415 Saint-Maurice cedex, France
- Centre de Recherche en Épidémiologie et Santé des Populations (CESP), Inserm U1018, Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Sud, Université Versailles Saint-Quentin (UVSQ), 16 Av. Paul Vaillant Couturier, 94800 Villejuif, France
| | - Patrizia Carrieri
- Aix Marseille Univ, Inserm, IRD, SESSTIM, Sciences Economiques & Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale, ISSPAM, Faculté de Médecine, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Blake H, Adams EJ, Chaplin WJ, Morris L, Mahmood I, Taylor MG, Langmack G, Jones L, Miller P, Coffey F. Alcohol Prevention in Urgent and Emergency Care (APUEC): Development and Evaluation of Workforce Digital Training on Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral for Treatment. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:7028. [PMID: 37998259 PMCID: PMC10671475 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20227028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Excessive alcohol consumption carries a significant health, social and economic burden. Screening, brief intervention and referral to treatment (SBIRT) is one approach to identifying patients with excessive alcohol consumption and providing interventions to help them reduce their drinking. However, healthcare workers in urgent and emergency care settings do not routinely integrate SBIRT into clinical practice and raise a lack of training as a barrier to SBIRT delivery. Therefore, "Alcohol Prevention in Urgent and Emergency Care" (APUEC) training was developed, delivered, and evaluated. APUEC is a brief, stand-alone, multimedia, interactive digital training package for healthcare workers. The aim of APUEC is to increase positive attitudes, knowledge, confidence and skills related to SBIRT through the provision of (a) education on the impact of alcohol and the role of urgent and emergency care in alcohol prevention, and (b) practical guidance on patient assessment, delivery of brief advice and making referral decisions. Development involved collaborative-participatory design approaches and a rigorous six-step ASPIRE methodology (involving n = 28 contributors). APUEC was delivered to healthcare workers who completed an online survey (n = 18) and then participated in individual qualitative interviews (n = 15). Analysis of data was aligned with Levels 1-3 of the Kirkpatrick Model of Training Evaluation. Survey data showed that all participants (100%) found the training useful and would recommend it to others. Insights from the qualitative data showed that APUEC digital training increases healthcare workers' perceived knowledge, confidence and skills related to alcohol prevention in urgent and emergency care settings. Participants viewed APUEC to be engaging and relevant to urgent and emergency care workers. This digital training was perceived to be useful for workforce skills development and supporting the implementation of SBIRT in clinical practice. While the impact of APUEC on clinician behaviour and patient outcomes is yet to be tested, APUEC digital training could easily be embedded within education and continuing professional development programmes for healthcare workers and healthcare trainees of any discipline. Ultimately, this may facilitate the integration of SBIRT into routine care and contribute to population health improvement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Holly Blake
- School of Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2HA, UK; (E.J.A.); (W.J.C.); (M.G.T.); (G.L.); (L.J.); (F.C.)
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Emma J. Adams
- School of Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2HA, UK; (E.J.A.); (W.J.C.); (M.G.T.); (G.L.); (L.J.); (F.C.)
| | - Wendy J. Chaplin
- School of Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2HA, UK; (E.J.A.); (W.J.C.); (M.G.T.); (G.L.); (L.J.); (F.C.)
| | - Lucy Morris
- Department of Research and Education in Emergency Medicine, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK;
| | - Ikra Mahmood
- General Surgery Department, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK;
| | - Michael G. Taylor
- School of Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2HA, UK; (E.J.A.); (W.J.C.); (M.G.T.); (G.L.); (L.J.); (F.C.)
| | - Gillian Langmack
- School of Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2HA, UK; (E.J.A.); (W.J.C.); (M.G.T.); (G.L.); (L.J.); (F.C.)
| | - Lydia Jones
- School of Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2HA, UK; (E.J.A.); (W.J.C.); (M.G.T.); (G.L.); (L.J.); (F.C.)
| | - Philip Miller
- Health Innovation East Midlands, Nottingham NG7 2TU, UK;
| | - Frank Coffey
- School of Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2HA, UK; (E.J.A.); (W.J.C.); (M.G.T.); (G.L.); (L.J.); (F.C.)
- Department of Research and Education in Emergency Medicine, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK;
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Hawkins EJ, Lott AM, Danner AN, Malte CA, Dulin P, Fortney J, Sayre GG, Baer JS. U.S. veterans' experiences and factors associated with use of a smartphone application to self-manage unhealthy alcohol use. Psychol Serv 2023; 20:908-917. [PMID: 36227298 PMCID: PMC10097825 DOI: 10.1037/ser0000716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Unhealthy alcohol use is common among Operations Enduring and Iraqi Freedom (OEF/OIF) veterans, yet barriers discourage treatment-seeking. Mobile applications (apps) that deliver alcohol interventions have potential to address these barriers and increase treatment receipt. Few studies have qualitatively assessed users' experiences with apps to manage alcohol use. We assessed OEF/OIF veterans' experiences with Step Away, an app to reduce alcohol-related risks, to identify factors that may influence engagement. This single-arm pilot study recruited OEF/OIF veterans with positive alcohol screens nationwide using mail/telephone. Veterans aged 18-55 who exceeded drinking guidelines and owned an iPhone were eligible. Twenty-one (16 men, 5 women) of 55 participants completed interviews. Interviews were analyzed using thematic analysis. Participants found Step Away easy to use, although setup was time consuming. Participants reported increased awareness of alcohol use, highlighting daily assessment, weekly feedback, goal setting, and high-risk notification features as helpful and associated awareness with an intent to decrease use. Participants described Step Away as informative, with over half reporting they would use it outside of the study and most recommending it. Suggestions for improvement included greater personalization and control over features. Step Away features appear to influence engagement and increase users' awareness about alcohol consumed and factors associated with drinking, as well as intent to change. Assessment, feedback, and customization features of apps may facilitate app engagement. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric J. Hawkins
- Health Services Research & Development (HSR&D) Seattle Center of Innovation for Veteran-Centered and Value-Driven Care, Veterans Affairs (VA) Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, United States
- Center of Excellence in Substance Addiction Treatment and Education, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Aline M. Lott
- Health Services Research & Development (HSR&D) Seattle Center of Innovation for Veteran-Centered and Value-Driven Care, Veterans Affairs (VA) Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, United States
- Center of Excellence in Substance Addiction Treatment and Education, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Anissa N. Danner
- Health Services Research & Development (HSR&D) Seattle Center of Innovation for Veteran-Centered and Value-Driven Care, Veterans Affairs (VA) Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, United States
- Center of Excellence in Substance Addiction Treatment and Education, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Carol A. Malte
- Health Services Research & Development (HSR&D) Seattle Center of Innovation for Veteran-Centered and Value-Driven Care, Veterans Affairs (VA) Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, United States
- Center of Excellence in Substance Addiction Treatment and Education, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Patrick Dulin
- Department of Psychology, University of Alaska Anchorage, Anchorage, AK, United States
| | - John Fortney
- Health Services Research & Development (HSR&D) Seattle Center of Innovation for Veteran-Centered and Value-Driven Care, Veterans Affairs (VA) Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - George G. Sayre
- Health Services Research & Development (HSR&D) Seattle Center of Innovation for Veteran-Centered and Value-Driven Care, Veterans Affairs (VA) Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - John S. Baer
- Health Services Research & Development (HSR&D) Seattle Center of Innovation for Veteran-Centered and Value-Driven Care, Veterans Affairs (VA) Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, United States
- Center of Excellence in Substance Addiction Treatment and Education, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Subhani M, Talat U, Knight H, Morling JR, Jones KA, Aithal GP, Ryder SD, Rennick-Egglestone S. Application and Extension of the Alcohol Recovery Narratives Conceptual Framework. QUALITATIVE HEALTH RESEARCH 2023; 33:1203-1217. [PMID: 37683106 PMCID: PMC10626984 DOI: 10.1177/10497323231197384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Recovery narratives are personal stories of health problems and recovery. A systematic review proposed a conceptual framework characterising alcohol misuse recovery narratives, consisting of eight principal dimensions, each with types and subtypes. The current study aims to apply and extend this preliminary conceptual framework. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to collect alcohol misuse recovery narratives from adult participants. A two-stage inductive and deductive thematic analysis approach was used to assess the relevance of the dimensions and types included in the preliminary conceptual framework and identify new components. The sample consisted of 11 participants from diverse socioeconomic backgrounds who had previously displayed varying degrees of alcohol misuse. All conceptual framework dimensions (genre, identity, recovery setting, drinking trajectories, drinking behaviours and traits, stages, spirituality and religion, and recovery experience) were present in the collected narratives. Three dimensions were extended by adding types and subtypes. Whilst the existing conceptual framework fitted the collected narratives, a new dimension describing the alcohol environment was required to fully characterise narratives. Types included in the alcohol environment dimension were policy and practice and social dynamics. The extended framework could guide the production of resources enabling clinicians to engage with narratives shared by their clients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohsan Subhani
- Nottingham Digestive Diseases Biomedical Research Centre (NDDC), School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and the University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Usman Talat
- Alliance Manchester Business School, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Holly Knight
- Population and Lifespan Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Joanne R. Morling
- Nottingham Digestive Diseases Biomedical Research Centre (NDDC), School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and the University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Population and Lifespan Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Katy A. Jones
- School of Medicine, Applied Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Guruprasad P. Aithal
- Nottingham Digestive Diseases Biomedical Research Centre (NDDC), School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and the University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Stephen D. Ryder
- Nottingham Digestive Diseases Biomedical Research Centre (NDDC), School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and the University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Veena M, Ruben JP, Chacko Kunjumon N, Devarbhavi H. Barriers to seeking treatment for alcohol use disorders among males in a tertiary care center in South India - a cross-sectional study. J Addict Dis 2023:1-8. [PMID: 37830122 DOI: 10.1080/10550887.2023.2265804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are limited studies on barriers to seeking treatment for Alcohol Use Disorders (AUD) among males in tertiary care centers in India and abroad. Identification of these factors can aid in addressing the barriers to seeking treatment for AUD in low-and-middle-income countries. OBJECTIVE To investigate the barriers to seeking treatment for AUD among males in a tertiary care center in South India. METHODS The study design was cross-sectional. We employed a semi-structured interview proforma, Barriers Questionnaire (Alcohol), and assessed the age of onset of initiation of alcohol, problem drinking, and AUD. RESULTS The majority (73.3%) belonged to Low-Barrier group. Individual items such as "Denial of Alcoholism", "avoid others counseling", "don't like to talk in groups", "Worried about what others will think for taking help or made fun of by others", "Self or Family embarrassed of taking treatment", "cannot afford treatment due to various reasons", "Fear of losing job", "Fear of losing friends" and "Fear of seeing people" were significantly higher in High-Barrier group. CONCLUSIONS Our study has helped to identify some of the important impediments. Psychoeducation and reducing the stereotypes related to the treatment of AUD can increase trust in the treatment process, resulting in greater help-seeking, early intervention, and improved quality of life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mathew Veena
- Department of Psychiatry Nursing, St. John's College of Nursing, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Johnson-Pradeep Ruben
- Department of Psychiatry, St. John's Medical College and Head, Division of Mental Health and Neurosciences, St. John's Research Institute, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Nisha Chacko Kunjumon
- Department of Psychiatry Nursing, St. John's College of Nursing, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Harshad Devarbhavi
- Department of Gastroenterology, St. John's Medical College, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Wallhed Finn S, Mejldal A, Baskaran R, Nielsen AS. Effects of media campaign videos on stigma and attitudes towards treatment seeking for alcohol use disorder: a randomized controlled study. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1919. [PMID: 37794390 PMCID: PMC10552234 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16811-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) is one of the most stigmatized diagnosis, and stigma imposes a major barrier to treatment seeking. There is a need to develop interventions that can reduce stigma and increase treatment seeking. Little is known about the effects of video materials. The aim of this study was to investigate effects of different videos. The primary outcome was public stigma, and secondary outcomes were: self-stigma, and motivation to change own alcohol use; talking to someone else about their alcohol use; seeking information about AUD treatment or seeking AUD treatment. METHODS This is a three-armed double blind randomized controlled study. The study included 655 Danish adults. Data was collected at a study webpage, and the survey could be completed anywhere with Internet access. After informed consent and completing baseline measures, participants were randomized, 1:1:1 ratio, to a video (video 1 n = 228; video 2 n = 198; video 3 n = 229). Video 1 and 2 have been used in a national mass media campaign and video 3 was recorded for use in the present study. Immediately after exposure, follow-up measures were completed. Outcomes were analyzed with mixed effects linear regression. RESULTS In total n = 616 completed follow-up (video 1 n = 215; video 2 n = 192; video 3 n = 209). Randomization to video 1 and 3 decreased public stigma measured with "Difference, Disdain & Blame Scales", while video 2 increased stigma. Video 2 compared to 1: 2.262 (95% CI 1.155; 3.369) p < 0.001. Video 3 compared to 1: -0.082 (95% CI -1.170; 1.006) p = 0.882. Video 3 compared to 2: -2.344 (95% CI -3.455; -1.233) p = 0.882. All videos reduced motivation to change own alcohol use. Participants with hazardous alcohol use, were more sensitive to the different videos, compared to low-risk alcohol use. Video 2 decreased motivation to seek information about treatment. No effects were seen on motivation to seek treatment, motivation to talk to someone else or self-stigma. CONCLUSIONS Videos can have an immediate effect on level of public stigma. Other types of interventions are needed to increase motivation and reduce self-stigma. To avoid adverse effects in future interventions, the use of theoretical frameworks and stakeholder involvement is emphasized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Wallhed Finn
- Unit of Clinical Alcohol Research, Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløws Vej 20, entrance. 220 B, Odense, 5000, Denmark.
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Anna Mejldal
- Unit of Clinical Alcohol Research, Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløws Vej 20, entrance. 220 B, Odense, 5000, Denmark
| | - Ruben Baskaran
- Unit of Clinical Alcohol Research, Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløws Vej 20, entrance. 220 B, Odense, 5000, Denmark
- SDU Health informatics and technology, Faculty of engineering, The Maersk Mc-Kinney Moller institute, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Anette Søgaard Nielsen
- Unit of Clinical Alcohol Research, Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløws Vej 20, entrance. 220 B, Odense, 5000, Denmark
- Psychiatric Hospital, University Function, Region of Southern, Odense, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Goldschmidt L, Mncina B, Langa M, Rebello S, Budaza T, Tshabalala J, Kinfu Y, Achoki T. AUDIT-C as a possible source of referral during the COVID-19 pandemic for participants presenting patterns of high-risk alcohol consumption in a South African township. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1890. [PMID: 37775803 PMCID: PMC10542669 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16775-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Unhealthy alcohol use is a leading contributor to premature death and disability worldwide. The World Health Organization's Global Status Report on Alcohol and Health ranked South Africa as having one of the riskiest patterns of alcohol consumption, which calls for intervention. Recognising the need for effective primary care interventions, particularly in the absence of appropriate alcohol-related harm reduction policies at national and local levels, this paper highlights the opportunities and challenges associated with a two-pronged, community-centred approach to the identification of unhealthy alcohol use and interventions. METHODS This approach included the use of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-Consumption (AUDIT-C) as a means of screening to identify individuals at moderate (score of 5-7) to high risk (score of 8 +) alcohol use, raising awareness, and investigating the potential utility of brief advice and referrals as a means of reducing risk. RESULTS Of the 54,187 participants, 43.0% reported engaging in moderate-risk alcohol consumption, with 22.1% reporting high-risk alcohol consumption. Resistance to brief advice was observed to increase with higher AUDIT-C scores. Similarly, participants engaging in high-risk alcohol consumption were resistant to accepting treatment referrals, with fewer than 10% open to receiving a referral. CONCLUSIONS While men were most likely to report patterns of high-risk alcohol consumption, they were more resistant to accepting referrals. Additionally, participants who were willing to receive brief advice were often resistant to taking active steps to alter their alcohol use. This study highlights the need to consider how to prevent harmful patterns of alcohol use effectively and holistically, especially in low socioeconomic settings through primary health care and community services.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lynne Goldschmidt
- Department of Psychology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - Buyisile Mncina
- Department of Psychology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Malose Langa
- Department of Psychology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Centre for the Study of Violence and Reconciliation, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | | | | | - Yohannes Kinfu
- Department of Health Metrics Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
- United Nations University, International Institute for Global Health (UNU-IIGH), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Tom Achoki
- ABInBev Foundation, New York, NY, USA
- Africa Institute for Health Policy, Nairobi, Kenya
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Galanis CR, Weber N, Delfabbro PH, Billieux J, King DL. Gaming disorder and stigma-related judgements of gaming individuals: An online randomized controlled trial. Addiction 2023; 118:1687-1698. [PMID: 37070481 DOI: 10.1111/add.16211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The inclusion of gaming disorder (GD) in the International Classification of Diseases 11th Revision (ICD-11) has generated scholarly debate, including claims about its potential stigmatizing effects on the wider gaming population. The present study aimed to estimate the effect of addiction-based and non-addiction-based conceptualizations of problem gaming on stigma of gamers. DESIGN This preregistered experiment involved a 2 (health information: addiction-related or non-addiction-related) × 3 (vignette: problem, regular or casual gamer) randomized, between-subjects design. SETTING An international sample of participants was recruited via Prolific in June and July 2021. PARTICIPANTS Participants were eligible (n = 1228) if they were aged 35 to 50 years, played video games for no more than 6 hours per week and did not endorse DSM-5 or ICD-11 criteria for GD. INTERVENTION AND COMPARATOR Participants were provided with an explanation of problem gaming as related to either an addictive disorder (i.e. 'addiction' explanation) or personal choice and lifestyle factors (i.e. 'non-addiction' explanation). MEASUREMENTS The Attribution Questionnaire (AQ) and Universal Stigma Scale (USS) assessed stigma toward each gamer vignette. Vignettes described a problem gamer (with features of GD); a regular gamer (frequent gaming; some life interference); and a casual gamer (infrequent gaming; no life interference). FINDINGS Problem gamer vignettes (mean [M] = 113.3; 95% CI = 111.5-115.4) received higher AQ stigma ratings than regular (M = 94.0; 95% CI = 91.9-95.9) and casual gamers (M = 80.1; 95% CI = 78.2-82.1). Although significant, the effect of health information type on AQ stigma ratings was negligible (addiction group [M = 97.6; 95% CI = 95.9-99.1], non-addiction group [M = 94.1; 95% CI = 92.6-95.8]). However, the addiction information group scored lower on USS blame and responsibility than the non-addiction information group with at least a small effect (99.1% confidence). CONCLUSIONS Framing of problem gaming as an addictive disorder or non-addictive activity appears to have a negligible effect on stigma of different gamers among middle-age adults with minimal gaming experience. The concept of 'gaming addiction' seems unlikely to be an important influence on public stigma of gaming.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christina R Galanis
- College of Education, Psychology and Social Work, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Nathan Weber
- College of Education, Psychology and Social Work, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Paul H Delfabbro
- School of Psychology, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Joel Billieux
- Institute of Psychology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Centre for Excessive Gambling, Addiction Medicine, Lausanne University Hospitals, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Daniel L King
- College of Education, Psychology and Social Work, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Azagba S, Ebling T, Hall M. Health claims denial for alcohol intoxication: State laws and structural stigma. ALCOHOL, CLINICAL & EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 47:1748-1755. [PMID: 38051148 PMCID: PMC10699208 DOI: 10.1111/acer.15153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some alcohol exclusion laws (AELs) allow health insurers to deny coverage to individuals injured due to being intoxicated. Evidence has shown that such AELs disincentivize health-care providers to screen for alcohol while they deter treatment utilization by people with an alcohol use disorder (AUD). Certain states have changed AELs to enhance the health of people with an AUD, but these changes are not well documented in the extant literature. This study examined the current status and historical trends in AELs across US states. METHODS We conducted a systematic legal analysis in 2023 to examine how state alcohol exclusion laws vary across the United States. These laws allow or prohibit insurers from denying coverage for injuries or deaths related to alcohol use. We classified the states into three categories: (1) States that explicitly permit alcohol exclusions, (2) States that explicitly ban alcohol exclusions, and (3) States that have no clear policy on alcohol exclusions. RESULTS We found that 18 states still have alcohol exclusion laws, down from 37 in 2004. Meanwhile, the number of states that have explicitly banned AELs and prohibited insurers from applying alcohol exclusions (AEs) to their policies has increased from 3 to 15 in the same period. The remaining 17 states have no clear laws on AEs. We also noted that five states that repealed their AELs did not adopt any specific prohibition on AEs, and four states limited their prohibition to policies that cover hospital, medical, or surgical expenses. CONCLUSIONS Our systematic mapping reveals that some states have prohibited AELs in response to their detrimental effects. However, some states maintain these policies, and none has effectively outlawed AEs in the last 10 years, despite their possible role in reinforcing stigma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Todd Ebling
- College of Nursing, Pennsylvania State University
| | - Mark Hall
- Health Law and Policy Program, Wake Forest School of Law
- Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Wake Forest School of Medicine
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Eék N, Sundström C, Kraepelien M, Lundgren J, Kaldo V, Berman AH. High- versus low-intensity internet interventions for alcohol use disorders (AUD): A two-year follow-up of a single-blind randomized controlled trial. Internet Interv 2023; 33:100630. [PMID: 37293578 PMCID: PMC10244691 DOI: 10.1016/j.invent.2023.100630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcohol Use Disorders (AUD) are widespread and have serious consequences, but are among the most undertreated mental disorders. Internet interventions have been found effective in treating AUD, but we know little about long-term outcomes, two years or more after treatment. This study explored 12- and 24-month outcomes in alcohol consumption following initial 6-month improvements after a therapist-guided high-intensity internet intervention and an unguided low-intensity internet intervention among individuals with alcohol use disorder. Between-group comparisons were analyzed, as well as within-group comparisons with (1) pre-treatment measurements (2) post-treatment measurements. Participants consisted of a general population sample of internet help-seekers in Sweden. A total of 143 adults (47% men) with a score of 14 (women)/16 (men) or more on the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, alcohol consumption of 11 (women)/14 (men) or more standard drinks the preceding week and ≥ 2 DSM-5 alcohol use disorder (AUD) criteria based on a diagnostic interview were included. The high- and low-intensity internet interventions (n = 72 and n = 71 respectively) consisted of modules based on relapse prevention and cognitive-behavioral therapy. The primary outcome was self-reported alcohol consumption in the preceding week measured as (1) number of standard drinks and (2) number of heavy drinking days. Attrition from self-reported questionnaires was 36% at the 12-month follow-up and 53% at the 24-month follow-up. No significant between-group differences occurred in outcomes at either long-term follow-up. Regarding within-group differences, compared to pre-treatment, alcohol consumption was lower in both high- and low-intensity interventions at both long-term follow-ups [within-group standard drinks effect sizes varied between g = 0.38-1.04 and heavy drinking days effect sizes varied between g = 0.65-0.94]. Compared to post-treatment, within-group alcohol consumption in the high intensity intervention increased at both follow-ups; for the low-intensity intervention, within-group consumption decreased at 12-month follow-up, but did not differ compared to post-treatment at 24 months. Both high- and low-intensity internet interventions for AUD were thus associated with overall reductions in alcohol consumption at long term follow-ups, with no significant differences between the two. However, conclusions are hampered by differential and non-differential attrition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Niels Eék
- University of Gothenburg, Department of Psychology, Sweden
| | - Christopher Sundström
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Sweden
- Linnaeus University Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Sweden
| | - Martin Kraepelien
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Viktor Kaldo
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Sweden
- Linnaeus University Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Sweden
| | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Wallhed Finn S, Mejldal A, Nielsen AS. The associations between public stigma and support for others' help-seeking for alcohol use disorder: a cross sectional study in the general Danish population. Addict Sci Clin Pract 2023; 18:46. [PMID: 37542352 PMCID: PMC10403820 DOI: 10.1186/s13722-023-00400-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A minority of all individuals with alcohol use disorders (AUD) seek treatment, where stigma is one prominent barrier. Social support is important to facilitate health and increase treatment-seeking. Whether there is an association between stigma and attitudes towards others' help-seeking for AUD is unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between stigma and support towards others' help-seeking for AUD, also to explore possible gender differences. METHOD Cross-sectional study, n = 2895, including Danish adults aged 30-65 in the general population. Year 2020, an online questionnaire was administrated, which covered demographics, attitudes towards others' help-seeking for AUD, and stigma measured with the Difference, Disdain & Blame Scales. Analyses were performed with Restricted Cubic Spline models, and odds ratios were calculated. RESULTS Lower level of stigma was associated with a higher probability for endorsing an "active support strategy". Level of stigma was not associated with "not knowing what to say or do" or "sharing my concern with others". There were few gender differences: among men, higher level of stigma was associated with a higher probability of "avoidance". Among women, lower level of stigma was associated with a lower probability of "avoidance". CONCLUSION There is a clear association between stigma and attitudes towards supporting others' help-seeking for AUD. The results highlight the need to reduce stigma and promote engagement towards others' treatment-seeking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Wallhed Finn
- Unit of Clinical Alcohol Research, Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløws Vej 20, entrance. 220 B, 5000, Odense, Denmark.
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Anna Mejldal
- Unit of Clinical Alcohol Research, Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløws Vej 20, entrance. 220 B, 5000, Odense, Denmark
| | - Anette Søgaard Nielsen
- Unit of Clinical Alcohol Research, Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløws Vej 20, entrance. 220 B, 5000, Odense, Denmark
- Psychiatric Hospital, University Function, Region of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Syan SK, McIntyre-Wood C, Vandehei E, Vidal ML, Hargreaves T, Levitt EE, Scarfe M, Marsden E, MacKillop E, Sarles-Whittlesey H, Amlung M, Sweet L, MacKillop J. Resting state functional connectivity as a predictor of brief intervention response in adults with alcohol use disorder: A preliminary study. ALCOHOL, CLINICAL & EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 47:1590-1602. [PMID: 37572293 DOI: 10.1111/acer.15123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brief interventions for alcohol use disorder (AUD) are generally efficacious, albeit with variability in response. Resting state functional connectivity (rsFC) may characterize neurobiological indicators that predict the response to brief interventions and is the focus of the current investigation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-six individuals with AUD (65.2% female) completed a resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scan immediately followed by a brief intervention aimed at reducing alcohol consumption. Positive clinical response was defined as a reduction in alcohol consumption by at least one World Health Organization (WHO) risk drinking level at 3-month follow-up. rsFC was analyzed using seed-to-voxel analysis with seed regions from four networks: salience network, reward network, frontoparietal network, and default mode network. RESULTS At baseline, responders had greater rsFC between the following seed regions in relation to voxel-based clusters than non-responders: (i) anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) in relation to left postcentral gyrus and right supramarginal gyrus (salience network); (ii) right posterior parietal cortex in relation to right ventral ACC (salience network); (iii) right interior frontal gyrus (IFG) pars opercularis in relation to right cerebellum and right occipital fusiform gyrus (frontoparietal); and (iv) right primary motor cortex in relation to left thalamus (default mode). Lower rsFC in responders vs. nonresponders was seen between the (i) right rostral prefrontal cortex in relation to left IFG pars triangularis (frontoparietal); (ii) right IFG pars triangularis in relation to right cerebellum (frontoparietal); (iii) right IFG pars triangularis in relation to right frontal eye fields and right angular gyrus (frontoparietal); and (iv) right nucleus accumbens in relation to right orbital frontal cortex and right insula (reward). CONCLUSIONS Resting state functional connectivity in the frontoparietal, salience, and reward networks predicts the response to a brief intervention in individuals with AUD and could reflect greater receptivity or motivation for behavior change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina K Syan
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Carly McIntyre-Wood
- Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Emily Vandehei
- Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mae Linda Vidal
- Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tegan Hargreaves
- Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Emily E Levitt
- Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Molly Scarfe
- Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Emma Marsden
- Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Emily MacKillop
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Michael Amlung
- Cofrin Logan Center for Addiction Research and Treatment, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
- Department of Applied Behavioral Science, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
| | - Lawrence Sweet
- Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - James MacKillop
- Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Ruiz SG, Brazil IA, Baskin-Sommers A. Distinct neurocognitive fingerprints reflect differential associations with risky and impulsive behavior in a neurotypical sample. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11782. [PMID: 37479846 PMCID: PMC10362008 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38991-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Engagement in risky and impulsive behavior has long been associated with deficits in neurocognition. However, we have a limited understanding of how multiple subfunctions of neurocognition co-occur within individuals and which combinations of neurocognitive subfunctions are most relevant for risky and impulsive behavior. Using the neurotypical Nathan Kline Institute Rockland Sample (N = 673), we applied a Bayesian latent feature learning model-the Indian Buffet Process-to identify nuanced, individual-specific profiles of multiple neurocognitive subfunctions and examine their relationship to risky and impulsive behavior. All features were within a relatively normative range of neurocognition; however, there was subtle variability related to risky and impulsive behaviors. The relatively overall poorer neurocognition feature correlated with greater affective impulsivity and substance use patterns/problems. The poorer episodic memory and emotion feature correlated with greater trait externalizing and sensation-seeking. The poorer attention feature correlated with increased trait externalizing and negative urgency but decreased positive urgency and substance use. Finally, the average or mixed features negatively correlated with various risky and impulsive behaviors. Estimating nuanced patterns of co-occurring neurocognitive functions can inform our understanding of a continuum of risky and impulsive behaviors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonia G Ruiz
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Inti A Brazil
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Forensic Psychiatric Centre Pompestichting, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Hendriks H, Thanh Le T, Gebhardt WA, van den Putte B, Vanherle R. Dealing with Alcohol-Related Posts on Social Media: Using a Mixed-Method Approach to Understand Young Peoples' Problem Awareness and Evaluations of Intervention Ideas. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:ijerph20105820. [PMID: 37239547 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20105820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Young individuals frequently share and encounter alcohol-related content (i.e., alcohol posts) on social networking sites. The prevalence of these posts is problematic because both the sharing of and exposure to these posts can increase young individuals' alcohol (mis)use. Consequently, it is essential to develop effective intervention strategies that hinder young individuals from sharing these posts. This study aimed to develop such intervention strategies by following four steps: (1) assessing young individuals' problem awareness of alcohol posts, (2) unraveling individuals' own intervention ideas to tackle the problem of alcohol posts, (3) examining their evaluations of theory/empirical-based intervention ideas, and (4) exploring individual differences in both problem awareness and intervention evaluations. To reach these aims, a mixed-method study (i.e., focus-group interviews and surveys) among Dutch high-school and college students (Ntotal = 292, Agerange = 16-28 years) was conducted. According to the results, most youth did not consider alcohol posts to be a problem and were, therefore, in favor of using automated warning messages to raise awareness. However, these messages might not work for every individual, as group differences in problem awareness and intervention evaluations exist. Overall, this study puts forward potential intervention ideas to reduce alcohol posts in digital spheres and can therefore serve as a steppingstone to test the actual effects of the ideas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanneke Hendriks
- Behavioral Science Institute (BSI), Communication & Media, Radboud University, 6525 GD Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Tu Thanh Le
- Dutch Ministry of Health, Welfare and Sport, 2511 VX Den Haag, The Netherlands
| | - Winifred A Gebhardt
- Health, Medical and Neuropsychology Unit, Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, 2300 RB Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Bas van den Putte
- Amsterdam School of Communication Research (ASCoR), University of Amsterdam, 1018 WV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robyn Vanherle
- Leuven School for Mass Communication Research, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Konstantakopoulos G, Trova A, Tzavellas E, Stefanatou P, David AS, Paparrigopoulos T. Development and validation of the Schedule for the Assessment of Insight in Alcohol Dependence (SAI-AD): Dimensions and correlates of insight in alcohol use disorder. Drug Alcohol Depend 2023; 248:109917. [PMID: 37207614 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2023.109917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The objectives of this study were to develop a multidimensional, clinician-rated scale that assess impaired insight into illness in patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD) and to examine its reliability, validity and internal structure. Moreover, we investigated the relationships of overall insight and its dimensions with demographic and clinical characteristics in AUD. METHODS We developed the Schedule for the Assessment of Insight in Alcohol Dependence (SAI-AD), based on scales that has already been used in psychosis and other mental disorders. Sixty-four patients with AUD were assessed with SAI-AD. Hierarchical cluster analysis and multidimensional scaling were used to identify insight components and assess their inter-relationships. RESULTS The SAI-AD demonstrated good convergent validity (r = -0.73, p < 0.001) and internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.72). Inter-rater and test-retest reliabilities were high (intra-class correlations 0.90 and 0.88, respectively). Three subscales of SAI-AD were identified which measure major insight components: awareness of illness, recognition of symptoms and need for treatment, and treatment engagement. Higher levels of depression, anxiety and AUD symptom severity were associated with overall insight impairment but not with recognition of symptoms and need for treatment, or with treatment engagement. Illness duration was specifically and positively associated with the treatment engagement component of insight. CONCLUSIONS Insight is a multidimensional construct in AUD and its major components appear to be associated with different clinical aspects of the disorder. The SAI-AD is a valid and reliable tool for the assessment of insight in AUD patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- George Konstantakopoulos
- First Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Research Department of Clinical, Education and Health Psychology, University College London, UK.
| | - Anna Trova
- First Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Elias Tzavellas
- First Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Pentagiotissa Stefanatou
- First Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Anthony S David
- UCL Institute of Mental Health, Division of Psychiatry, University College London, UK
| | - Thomas Paparrigopoulos
- First Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Welford P, Gunillasdotter V, Andreasson S, Herring MP, Vancampfort D, Hallgren M. Sticking with it? Factors associated with exercise adherence in people with alcohol use disorder. Addict Behav 2023; 144:107730. [PMID: 37094457 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2023.107730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging evidence suggests that exercise may be an efficacious treatment for alcohol use disorder (AUD), but adherence is suboptimal. We examined factors associated with adherence to an exercise intervention for non-treatment seeking adults with AUD. METHODS This secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial included 95 physically inactive adults aged 18-75 years with clinician-diagnosed AUD. Study participants were randomly assigned to 12-weeks fitness centre-based, supervised aerobic exercise or yoga classes and asked to attend at least three times/week. Adherence was assessed both objectively (based on use of a keycard at entry) and subjectively using an activity calendar. The association between AUD and other predictor variables with adherence was assessed using logistic and Poisson regression models. RESULTS Just under half of participants (47/95, 49%) completed ≥ 12 supervised exercise sessions. When both supervised classes and self-reported sessions were included, 32/95 (34%) participants completed ≤ 11 sessions, 28/95 (29%) did 12-23 sessions and 35/95 (37%) completed ≥ 24 sessions. In univariate logistic regression analyses, lower education was associated with non-adherence (<12 sessions) (OR = 3.02, 95%CI = 1.19-7.61). In models adjusted for demographic and clinical variables, moderate AUD (OR = 0.11, 95%CI = 0.02-0.49) and severe AUD (OR = 0.12, 95%CI = 0.02-0.69) were associated with non-adherence, when compared to low severity AUD. Higher body mass index (OR = 0.80, 95%CI = 0.68-0.93) was also associated with non-adherence. Results were materially the same when objective and subjective adherence data were combined. CONCLUSION Adults with AUD can be supported to engage in yoga and aerobic exercise. Additional support may be required for those with moderate or severe AUD, higher BMI, and lower education.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Welford
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Victoria Gunillasdotter
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden; Centre for Psychiatry Research, Sweden, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Services, 114 35 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sven Andreasson
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden; Centre for Psychiatry Research, Sweden, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Services, 114 35 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Matthew P Herring
- Physical Activity for Health Research Centre, Health Research Institute & Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, University of Limerick, Ireland
| | - Davy Vancampfort
- Research Group for Adapted Physical Activity and Psychomotor Rehabilitation, University of Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mats Hallgren
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Barré T, Ramier C, Antwerpes S, Costa M, Bureau M, Maradan G, Di Beo V, Cutarella C, Leloutre J, Riccobono-Soulier O, Hedoire S, Frot E, Vernier F, Vassas-Goyard S, Dufort S, Protopopescu C, Marcellin F, Casanova D, Coste M, Carrieri P. A novel community-based therapeutic education program for reducing alcohol-related harms and stigma in people with alcohol use disorders: A quasi-experimental study (ETHER study). Drug Alcohol Rev 2023; 42:664-679. [PMID: 36721903 DOI: 10.1111/dar.13605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is associated with a significant disease burden in France, where alcohol use is deeply rooted in culture. However, the treatment gap is large because of several barriers, including stigmatisation and drinkers' apprehension about total abstinence. However, standardised and evidence-based interventions based on controlled-drinking for people with AUD are lacking. We aimed to assess the effectiveness of a novel community-based French therapeutic patient education (TPE) program for people with AUD named Choizitaconso. METHODS A before-after non-randomised quasi-experimental study, named ETHER, was designed and implemented with people living with AUD, over a period of 6 months. The primary outcome was percentage change in the number of alcohol-related harms experienced. Secondary outcomes were percentage changes in psycho-social patient-reported and community-validated outcomes. Participants in the intervention group (n = 34) benefited from the 10-week TPE program Choizitaconso, while the comparison group (n = 58) received standard care. The Kruskall-Wallis and chi-squared or Fisher's exact tests were used to compare before-after changes in variables in both groups. Linear regression models were used to test for the effect of study group on each outcome and to test for the effect of alcohol consumption as a confounder. RESULTS At 6 months, all outcomes but one either remained stable or numerically improved in both groups. Internalised stigma significantly improved in the intervention group (p = 0.026) but not in the comparison group (p = 0.207), with a significant group effect (p = 0.014). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates the effectiveness of the Choizitaconso TPE program on community-validated outcomes, especially internalised stigma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tangui Barré
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, IRD, SESSTIM, Sciences Economiques & Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale, ISSPAM, Marseille, France
| | - Clémence Ramier
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, IRD, SESSTIM, Sciences Economiques & Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale, ISSPAM, Marseille, France
| | - Saskia Antwerpes
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, IRD, SESSTIM, Sciences Economiques & Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale, ISSPAM, Marseille, France
| | - Marie Costa
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, IRD, SESSTIM, Sciences Economiques & Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale, ISSPAM, Marseille, France
| | - Morgane Bureau
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, IRD, SESSTIM, Sciences Economiques & Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale, ISSPAM, Marseille, France
| | - Gwenaelle Maradan
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, IRD, SESSTIM, Sciences Economiques & Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale, ISSPAM, Marseille, France
| | - Vincent Di Beo
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, IRD, SESSTIM, Sciences Economiques & Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale, ISSPAM, Marseille, France
| | - Christophe Cutarella
- Clinique Saint-Barnabé, Marseille, France
- Association Addictions France, Salon-de-Provence, France
| | | | | | | | - Elodie Frot
- Association Addictions France, Digne-les-Bains, France
| | | | | | - Sabine Dufort
- Association Addictions France, Digne-les-Bains, France
| | - Camelia Protopopescu
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, IRD, SESSTIM, Sciences Economiques & Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale, ISSPAM, Marseille, France
| | - Fabienne Marcellin
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, IRD, SESSTIM, Sciences Economiques & Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale, ISSPAM, Marseille, France
| | | | - Marion Coste
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, IRD, SESSTIM, Sciences Economiques & Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale, ISSPAM, Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, AMSE, Marseille, France
| | - Patrizia Carrieri
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, IRD, SESSTIM, Sciences Economiques & Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale, ISSPAM, Marseille, France
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Hyland K, Hammarberg A, Hedman-Lagerlöf E, Johansson M, Lindner P, Andreasson S. The efficacy of an internet-based cognitive behavioral program added to treatment-as-usual for alcohol-dependent patients in primary care: a randomized controlled trial. Addiction 2023. [PMID: 36739528 DOI: 10.1111/add.16157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Most alcohol-dependent people have a moderate level of dependence. General practitioners (GPs) hesitate to engage in this area, and need to have access to treatment they find applicable and feasible to use. The aim of this present study was to test if an open-ended internet-based cognitive-behavioral therapy (iCBT) program added to treatment-as-usual (TAU) is more effective than TAU-only for alcohol-dependent patients in primary care. DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS The present study was a two-group, parallel, randomized controlled superiority trial comparing iCBT+TAU versus TAU-only at 3- and 12-month follow-ups. TAU was delivered at 14 primary care centers in Stockholm, Sweden. A total of 264 patients (mean age 51 years, of whom 148 were female and 116 were male) with alcohol dependence and hazardous alcohol consumption were enrolled between September 2017 and November 2019. MEASUREMENTS Participants were randomized at a ratio of 1:1 to iCBT, as a self-help intervention added to TAU (n = 132) or to TAU-only (n = 132). The GPs gave participants in both treatment arms feedback on the assessments and biomarkers and offered TAU at the primary care center. Primary outcome was weekly alcohol consumption in g/week at 12-month follow-up, analyzed according to intention-to-treat (n = 132 + 132). The per-protocol analysis included participants who completed at least one module of iCBT (n = 102 + 132). FINDINGS There was no significant difference in weekly alcohol consumption between iCBT+TAU and TAU in the intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis at 12-month follow-up [iCBT+TAU = 133.56 (95% confidence interval, CI = 100.94-166.19) and TAU = 176.20 (95% CI = 144.04-208.35), P = 0.068, d = 0.23]. In the per-protocol analysis, including only those who initiated iCBT, the iCBT+TAU group showed lower mean weekly alcohol consumption compared with TAU [iCBT+TAU = 107.46 (95% CI = 71.17-143.74), TAU = 176.00 (95% CI = 144.21-207.80), P = 0.010, d = 0.42]. CONCLUSIONS In Sweden, an internet-based cognitive-behavioral program added to treatment-as-usual to reduce alcohol consumption showed weak evidence of a benefit at 12 months in the intention-to-treat analysis and good evidence of a benefit in the per-protocol analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karin Hyland
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Centre for Dependency Disorders, Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Hammarberg
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Centre for Dependency Disorders, Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Erik Hedman-Lagerlöf
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Gustavsberg Primary Care Center, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Magnus Johansson
- Centre for Dependency Disorders, Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Philip Lindner
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Centre for Dependency Disorders, Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sven Andreasson
- Centre for Dependency Disorders, Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
The Effects of Transcranial Focused Ultrasound Stimulation of Nucleus Accumbens on Neuronal Gene Expression and Brain Tissue in High Alcohol-Preferring Rats. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:1099-1116. [PMID: 36417101 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-03130-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the effect of low-intensity focused ultrasound (LIFU) on gene expression related to alcohol dependence and histological effects on brain tissue. We also aimed at determining the miRNA-mRNA relationship and their pathways in alcohol dependence-induced expression changes after focused ultrasound therapy. We designed a case-control study for 100 days of observation to investigate differences in gene expression in the short-term stimulation group (STS) and long-term stimulation group (LTS) compared with the control sham group (SG). The study was performed in our Experimental Research Laboratory. 24 male high alcohol-preferring rats 63 to 79 days old, weighing 270 to 300 g, were included in the experiment. LTS received 50-day LIFU and STS received 10-day LIFU and 40-day sham stimulation, while the SG received 50-day sham stimulation. In miRNA expression analysis, it was found that LIFU caused gene expression differences in NAc. Significant differences were found between the groups for gene expression. Compared to the SG, the expression of 454 genes in the NAc region was changed in the STS while the expression of 382 genes was changed in the LTS. In the LTS, the expression of 32 genes was changed in total compared to STS. Our data suggest that LIFU targeted on NAc may assist in the treatment of alcohol dependence, especially in the long term possibly through altering gene expression. Our immunohistochemical studies verified that LIFU does not cause any tissue damage. These findings may lead to new studies in investigating the efficacy of LIFU for the treatment of alcohol dependence and also for other psychiatric disorders.
Collapse
|
44
|
Thakral N, Deutsch-Link S, Singal AK. Therapeutic Pipeline in Alcohol-Associated Liver Disease. Semin Liver Dis 2023; 43:60-76. [PMID: 36572032 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1759614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol-associated liver disease is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Patients with alcohol-associated liver disease are often diagnosed at advanced stage and disease spectrum including alcoholic hepatitis, a severe manifestation with a high short-term mortality. Corticosteroid, recommended first-line treatment for patients with alcoholic hepatitis, is a very suboptimal treatment. Although the use of early liver transplantation has increased with consistent benefit in select patients with alcoholic hepatitis, its use remains heterogeneous worldwide due to lack of uniform selection criteria. Over the last decade, several therapeutic targets have evolved of promise with ongoing clinical trials in patients with cirrhosis and alcoholic hepatitis. Even with availability of effective medical therapies for alcohol-associated liver disease, long-term outcome depends on abstinence from alcohol use in any spectrum of alcohol-associated liver disease. However, alcohol use disorder treatment remains underutilized due to several barriers even in patients with advanced disease. There is an urgent unmet need to implement and promote integrated multidisciplinary care model with hepatologists and addiction experts to provide comprehensive management for these patients. In this review, we will discuss newer therapies targeting liver disease and therapies targeting alcohol use disorder in patients with alcohol-associated liver disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nimish Thakral
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Sasha Deutsch-Link
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Ashwani K Singal
- Department of Medicine, University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, Sioux Falls, South Dakota
- Division of Transplant Hepatology, Avera Transplant Institute, Sioux Falls, South Dakota
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Möckl J, Lindemann C, Manthey J, Schulte B, Reimer J, Pogarell O, Kraus L. Estimating the prevalence of alcohol-related disorders and treatment utilization in Bremen 2016/2017 through routine data linkage. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1002526. [PMID: 36778636 PMCID: PMC9909027 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1002526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In Germany, most individuals with alcohol dependence are recognized by the health care system and about 16% per year receive addiction-specific care. This paper aimed to analyze the prevalence and treatment utilization rate of people with alcohol dependence by type of addiction-specific care in the federal state of Bremen using routine and survey data. Methods The number of individuals with alcohol dependence was estimated using data from the 2018 Epidemiological Survey of Substance Abuse (ESA). Furthermore, linked routine data of two statutory health insurances (SHIs), the German pension insurance (GPI), and the communal hospital group Gesundheit Nord - Bremen Hospital Group (GeNo), from 2016/2017, were analyzed. Based on SHI data, the administrative prevalence of various alcohol-related diagnoses according to the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10), in various treatment settings, was extrapolated to the total population of Bremen. Based on all routine data sources, treatment and care services for individuals with alcohol dependence were also extrapolated to Bremen's total population. Care services included outpatient addiction care visits and addiction-specific treatments, [i.e., qualified withdrawal treatment (QWT), outpatient pharmacotherapy as relapse prevention, and rehabilitation treatment]. Results Of the survey-estimated 15,792 individuals with alcohol dependence in Bremen, 72.4% (n = 11,427) had a diagnosis documented with an ICD-10 code for alcohol dependence (F10.2) or withdrawal state (F10.3-4). One in 10 individuals with alcohol dependence (n = 1,577) used one or more addiction-specific care services during the observation period. Specifically, 3.7% (n = 675) received outpatient addiction care, 3.9% (n = 736) initiated QWT, 0.8% (n = 133) received pharmacotherapy, and 2.6% (n = 405) underwent rehabilitation treatment. The share of seeking addiction-specific treatment after diagnosis was highest among younger and male patients. Conclusion Although more than half of the individuals with alcohol dependence are documented in the health system, utilization rates of addiction-specific treatments are low. These low utilization rates suggest that there are existing barriers to transferring patients with alcohol dependence into addiction-specific care. Strengthening primary medical care provision in dealing with alcohol-related disorders and improving networking within the addiction support system appear to be particularly appropriate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justin Möckl
- Department of Epidemiology and Diagnostics, Institut für Therapieforschung (IFT), Centre for Mental Health and Addiction Research, Munich, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christina Lindemann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Center for Interdisciplinary Addiction Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Medical Psychology, Center for Health Care Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jakob Manthey
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Center for Interdisciplinary Addiction Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Bernd Schulte
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Center for Interdisciplinary Addiction Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jens Reimer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Center for Interdisciplinary Addiction Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Zentrum für Psychosoziale Medizin, Klinikum Itzehoe, Itzehoe, Germany
| | - Oliver Pogarell
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ludwig Kraus
- Department of Epidemiology and Diagnostics, Institut für Therapieforschung (IFT), Centre for Mental Health and Addiction Research, Munich, Germany
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Centre for Social Research on Alcohol and Drugs, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE), Budapest, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Leung T, Gutierrez G, Moghimi E, Stephenson C, Khalafi P, Nikjoo N, Jagayat J, Gizzarelli T, Reshetukha T, Omrani M, Yang M, Alavi N. Developing and Implementing a Web-Based Relapse Prevention Psychotherapy Program for Patients With Alcohol Use Disorder: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Res Protoc 2023; 12:e44694. [PMID: 36567076 PMCID: PMC9909521 DOI: 10.2196/44694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is characterized by problematic alcohol use accompanied by clinically substantial distress. Patients with AUD frequently experience high relapse rates, and only 1 in 5 remain abstinent 12 months post treatment. Traditional face-to-face relapse prevention therapy (RPT) is a form of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) that examines one's situational triggers, maladaptive thought processes, self-efficacy, and motivation. However, access to this treatment is frequently limited due to its high cost, long waitlists, and inaccessibility. A web-based adaptation of RPT (e-RPT) could address these limitations by providing a more cost-effective and accessible delivery method for mental health care in this population. OBJECTIVE This study protocol aims to establish the first academic e-RPT program to address AUD in the general population. The primary objective of this study is to compare the efficacy of e-RPT to face-to-face RPT in decreasing relapse rates. The secondary objective is to assess the effects of e-RPT on quality of life, self-efficacy, resilience, and depressive symptomatology. The tertiary objective is to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of e-RPT compared to face-to-face RPT. METHODS Adult participants (n=60) with a confirmed diagnosis of AUD will be randomly assigned to receive 10 sessions of e-RPT or face-to-face RPT. e-RPT will consist of 10 predesigned modules and homework with asynchronous, personalized feedback from a therapist. Face-to-face RPT will comprise 10 one-hour face-to-face sessions with a therapist. The predesigned modules and the face-to-face sessions will present the same content and structure. Self-efficacy, resilience, depressive symptomatology, and alcohol consumption will be measured through various questionnaires at baseline, amid treatment, and at the end of treatment. RESULTS Participant recruitment is expected to begin in October 2022 through targeted advertisements and physician referrals. Completed data collection and analysis are expected to conclude by October 2023. Outcome data will be assessed using linear and binomial regression (for continuous and categorical outcomes, respectively). Qualitative data will be analyzed using thematic analysis methods. CONCLUSIONS This study will be the first to examine the effectiveness of e-RPT compared to face-to-face RPT. It is posited that web-based care can present benefits in terms of accessibility and affordability compared to traditional face-to-face psychotherapy. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05579210; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05579210. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) PRR1-10.2196/44694.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Gilmar Gutierrez
- Department of Psychiatry, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Elnaz Moghimi
- Department of Psychiatry, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Callum Stephenson
- Department of Psychiatry, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.,Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Payam Khalafi
- Department of Psychiatry, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Niloofar Nikjoo
- Department of Psychiatry, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.,Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Jasleen Jagayat
- Department of Psychiatry, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.,Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Tessa Gizzarelli
- Department of Psychiatry, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Taras Reshetukha
- Department of Psychiatry, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.,Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Mohsen Omrani
- Department of Psychiatry, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.,OPTT Inc, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Megan Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Nazanin Alavi
- Department of Psychiatry, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.,Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.,OPTT Inc, Toronto, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Finn SW, Mejldal A, Nielsen AS. Public stigma and treatment preferences for alcohol use disorders. BMC Health Serv Res 2023; 23:76. [PMID: 36694198 PMCID: PMC9872434 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-023-09037-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol use disorders (AUD) are among the most highly stigmatized medical conditions. Only a minority of individuals with AUD seek treatment, and stigma is one of the most prominent barriers to treatment-seeking. However, there is a lack of knowledge about the associations between stigma and preferences for help-seeking, and the associations between stigma and preferences for treatment seeking. AIM to investigate the associations between stigma and preferences for where to seek help and treatment for AUD. As sub-analyses, associations between stigma, level of alcohol use and preferences for help-seeking and treatment preferences will be analyzed. METHOD Cross-sectional design, including n = 3037 participants aged 30 - 65 years, living in Denmark. DATA In 2020, an online questionnaire was administered by a market research company. The questionnaire covered demographics, preferences for help-seeking and treatment for AUD, stigma measured with the Difference, Disdain & Blame Scales for Public Stigma, and alcohol use measured with the Alcohol Use Disorder Test (AUDIT). ANALYSES restricted cubic spline models were applied to model outcomes. Odds ratios were calculated. RESULTS A lower level of stigma was associated with a higher probability of preferring formal and informal help-seeking for AUD. Both high and low levels of stigma were associated with a higher probability of preferring to consult general practitioners. Stigma was not associated with other preferences for treatment-seeking, nor trying to change oneself or a passive strategy. The sub-analyses, grouped by level of alcohol use, showed similar results. CONCLUSION Stigma is associated with lower preferences for formal and informal help-seeking, however not type of treatment preferred. Future studies should address stigma in relation to other factors of the treatment-seeking process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Wallhed Finn
- grid.10825.3e0000 0001 0728 0170Unit of Clinical Alcohol Research, Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløws Vej 20, Entrance. 220 B, 5000 Odense, Denmark ,grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Mejldal
- grid.10825.3e0000 0001 0728 0170Unit of Clinical Alcohol Research, Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløws Vej 20, Entrance. 220 B, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Anette Søgaard Nielsen
- grid.10825.3e0000 0001 0728 0170Unit of Clinical Alcohol Research, Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløws Vej 20, Entrance. 220 B, 5000 Odense, Denmark ,grid.425874.80000 0004 0639 1911Psychiatric Hospital, University Function, Region of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Over 20% of patients report excessive alcohol use pre-transplant. Bone Marrow Transplant 2023; 58:581-583. [PMID: 36693926 DOI: 10.1038/s41409-023-01921-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
|
49
|
Individual differences and predictors of general awareness in problem gambling. Addict Behav 2023; 136:107505. [PMID: 36183686 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2022.107505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
In Canada, up to 3% of individuals have or are at risk of gambling disorder. Among these individuals, a lack of awareness of their problem gambling is a common barrier to treatment and negatively affects treatment adherence. A secondary analysis was conducted on data from 1346 individuals (mean age = 43.4, SD = 14.4; 54.3 % male) with problem gambling who did and did not perceive having a problem with their gambling as assessed by the fifth item of the Problem Gambling Severity Index, "In the past twelve months, how often have you felt that you might have a problem with gambling?" Additionally, we investigated predictors of increased general awareness at 12-month follow-up. At baseline, individuals who perceived a problem with their gambling experienced more gambling-related harms (OR = 1.714), had greater total gambling losses (OR = 1.067), were more likely to have a family history of problem gambling (OR = 2.143), experienced a greater loss of control (OR = 1.313) and more often gambled alone than with others (OR = 0.879), accounting for 26.6 % of the variance in general awareness. Baseline problem awareness was positively associated with attempts to cut down or control gambling at follow-up (χ2=11.350,p<.001), but negatively associated with remission (χ2=18.392,p<.001). Increases in awareness were related to an increase in the number of gambling-related harms, gambling involvement, impaired control, and lower educational attainment, explaining 35.5% of the variance in increased general awareness. The results indicate that experiencing more gambling-related harms increases the salience and awareness of problem gambling, and that awareness is also associated with an individual's gambling context, their loss of control, and their level of gambling involvement. The findings highlight the importance of gambling harms as they pertain to general awareness and suggest that improving the recognition of gambling harms could be beneficial for the prevention and intervention of gambling disorder.
Collapse
|
50
|
Mushi D, Moshiro C, Hanlon C, Francis JM, Teferra S. Missed opportunity for alcohol use disorder screening and management in primary health care facilities in northern rural Tanzania: a cross-sectional survey. Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy 2022; 17:50. [PMID: 35794580 PMCID: PMC9258127 DOI: 10.1186/s13011-022-00479-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The study aimed to identify the missed opportunity for detection and management of alcohol use disorder by primary health care workers. Design A cross-sectional survey Setting Outpatient services in the six governmental primary health care facilities in Moshi district council in Tanzania. Participants A total of 1604 adults were screened for alcohol use disorder (AUD) using the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT). Participants scoring 8 or above then provided details about their help-seeking behavior and barriers to seeking care. Participants’ records were reviewed to assess the screening and management of AUD. Results In the last 12 months, 60.7% reported alcohol use, and heavy episodic drinking (HED) was reported by 37.3%. AUD (AUDIT ≥ 8) was present in 23.9%. Males were more likely to have HED (aPR = 1.43;95% CI:1.3 to 1.4) or AUD (aPR = 2.9; 95% CI 1.9 to 4.2). Both HED and AUD increased with age. Only one participant (0.3%) had documented AUD screening and management. Only 5% of participants screening positive for AUD had sought help. Reasons for not seeking care were thinking that the problem would get better by itself (55.0%), wanting to handle the problem alone (42.0%), or not being bothered by the problem (40.0%). Conclusion While reported alcohol use, HED, and AUD are common among patients presenting to primary healthcare facilities in northern Tanzania, help-seeking behavior and detection are very low. Not screening for AUD in primary health care is a missed opportunity for early detection and management. There is an urgent need to develop interventions to increase the detection of AUD by health care providers, while also addressing help-seeking behavior and barriers to seeking care.
Collapse
|