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Li Y, Fang Y, Li K, Yang H, Duan S, Sun L. Morphological Tracing and Functional Identification of Monosynaptic Connections in the Brain: A Comprehensive Guide. Neurosci Bull 2024; 40:1364-1378. [PMID: 38700806 PMCID: PMC11365912 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-024-01196-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Behavioral studies play a crucial role in unraveling the mechanisms underlying brain function. Recent advances in optogenetics, neuronal typing and labeling, and circuit tracing have facilitated the dissection of the neural circuitry involved in various important behaviors. The identification of monosynaptic connections, both upstream and downstream of specific neurons, serves as the foundation for understanding complex neural circuits and studying behavioral mechanisms. However, the practical implementation and mechanistic understanding of monosynaptic connection tracing techniques and functional identification remain challenging, particularly for inexperienced researchers. Improper application of these methods and misinterpretation of results can impede experimental progress and lead to erroneous conclusions. In this paper, we present a comprehensive description of the principles, specific operational details, and key steps involved in tracing anterograde and retrograde monosynaptic connections. We outline the process of functionally identifying monosynaptic connections through the integration of optogenetics and electrophysiological techniques, providing practical guidance for researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Li
- Affiliated Mental Health Center and Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital and School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science and Brain-machine Integration, State Key Laboratory of Brain-machine Intelligence, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yuanyuan Fang
- Affiliated Mental Health Center and Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital and School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science and Brain-machine Integration, State Key Laboratory of Brain-machine Intelligence, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Kaiyuan Li
- Affiliated Mental Health Center and Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital and School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science and Brain-machine Integration, State Key Laboratory of Brain-machine Intelligence, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Hongbin Yang
- Affiliated Mental Health Center and Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital and School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science and Brain-machine Integration, State Key Laboratory of Brain-machine Intelligence, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Shumin Duan
- Liangzhu Laboratory, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science and Brain-machine Integration, State Key Laboratory of Brain-machine Intelligence, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Li Sun
- Affiliated Mental Health Center and Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital and School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- Liangzhu Laboratory, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science and Brain-machine Integration, State Key Laboratory of Brain-machine Intelligence, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 311121, China.
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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2
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Bai L, Xu J, Zeng L, Zhang L, Zhou F. A review of HSV pathogenesis, vaccine development, and advanced applications. MOLECULAR BIOMEDICINE 2024; 5:35. [PMID: 39207577 PMCID: PMC11362470 DOI: 10.1186/s43556-024-00199-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus (HSV), an epidemic human pathogen threatening global public health, gains notoriety for its complex pathogenesis that encompasses lytic infection of mucosal cells, latent infection within neurons, and periodic reactivation. This intricate interplay, coupled with HSV's sophisticated immune evasion strategies, gives rise to various diseases, including genital lesions, neonatal encephalitis, and cancer. Despite more than 70 years of relentless research, an effective preventive or therapeutic vaccine against HSV has yet to emerge, primarily due to the limited understanding of virus-host interactions, which in turn impedes the identification of effective vaccine targets. However, HSV's unique pathological features, including its substantial genetic load capacity, high replicability, transmissibility, and neurotropism, render it a promising candidate for various applications, spanning oncolytic virotherapy, gene and immune therapies, and even as an imaging tracer in neuroscience. In this review, we comprehensively update recent breakthroughs in HSV pathogenesis and immune evasion, critically summarize the progress made in vaccine candidate development, and discuss the multifaceted applications of HSV as a biological tool. Importantly, we highlight both success and challenges, emphasizing the critical need for intensified research into HSV, with the aim of providing deeper insights that can not only advance HSV treatment strategies but also broaden its application horizons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Bai
- International Biomed-X Research Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Center for Oncology Medicine, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, and International School of Medicine, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Yiwu, 322000, China
| | - Jiuzhi Xu
- Center for Oncology Medicine, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, and International School of Medicine, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Yiwu, 322000, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Lung Cancer, Yiwu, 322000, China
| | - Linghui Zeng
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, 310015, China.
| | - Long Zhang
- International Biomed-X Research Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Fangfang Zhou
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, 310015, China.
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
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3
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McGovern DJ, Ly A, Ecton KL, Huynh DT, Prévost ED, Gonzalez SC, McNulty CJ, Rau AR, Hentges ST, Daigle TL, Tasic B, Baratta MV, Root DH. Ventral tegmental area glutamate neurons mediate nonassociative consequences of stress. Mol Psychiatry 2024; 29:1671-1682. [PMID: 36437312 PMCID: PMC10375863 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01858-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to trauma is a risk factor for the development of a number of mood disorders, and may enhance vulnerability to future adverse life events. Recent data demonstrate that ventral tegmental area (VTA) neurons expressing the vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (VGluT2) signal and causally contribute to behaviors that involve aversive or threatening stimuli. However, it is unknown whether VTA VGluT2 neurons regulate transsituational outcomes of stress and whether these neurons are sensitive to stressor controllability. This work adapted an operant mouse paradigm to examine the impact of stressor controllability on VTA VGluT2 neuron function as well as the role of VTA VGluT2 neurons in mediating transsituational stressor outcomes. Uncontrollable (inescapable) stress, but not physically identical controllable (escapable) stress, produced social avoidance and exaggerated fear in male mice. Uncontrollable stress in females led to exploratory avoidance of a novel brightly lit environment. Both controllable and uncontrollable stressors increased VTA VGluT2 neuronal activity, and chemogenetic silencing of VTA VGluT2 neurons prevented the behavioral sequelae of uncontrollable stress in male and female mice. Further, we show that stress activates multiple genetically-distinct subtypes of VTA VGluT2 neurons, especially those that are VGluT2+VGaT+, as well as lateral habenula neurons receiving synaptic input from VTA VGluT2 neurons. Our results provide causal evidence that mice can be used for identifying stressor controllability circuitry and that VTA VGluT2 neurons contribute to transsituational stressor outcomes, such as social avoidance, exaggerated fear, or anxiety-like behavior that are observed within trauma-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dillon J McGovern
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, 2860 Wilderness Pl, Boulder, 80301, CO, US
| | - Annie Ly
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, 2860 Wilderness Pl, Boulder, 80301, CO, US
| | - Koy L Ecton
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, 2860 Wilderness Pl, Boulder, 80301, CO, US
| | - David T Huynh
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, 2860 Wilderness Pl, Boulder, 80301, CO, US
| | - Emily D Prévost
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, 2860 Wilderness Pl, Boulder, 80301, CO, US
| | - Shamira C Gonzalez
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, 2860 Wilderness Pl, Boulder, 80301, CO, US
| | - Connor J McNulty
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, 2860 Wilderness Pl, Boulder, 80301, CO, US
| | - Andrew R Rau
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, 1617 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, 80523, CO, US
- Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, 59812, MT, US
| | - Shane T Hentges
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, 1617 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, 80523, CO, US
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University, Pullman, 99164, WA, US
| | - Tanya L Daigle
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, 615 Westlake. Avenue North, Seattle, 98109, WA, US
| | - Bosiljka Tasic
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, 615 Westlake. Avenue North, Seattle, 98109, WA, US
| | - Michael V Baratta
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, 2860 Wilderness Pl, Boulder, 80301, CO, US.
| | - David H Root
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, 2860 Wilderness Pl, Boulder, 80301, CO, US.
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4
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Shao Q, Chen L, Li X, Li M, Cui H, Li X, Zhao X, Shi Y, Sun Q, Yan K, Wang G. A non-canonical visual cortical-entorhinal pathway contributes to spatial navigation. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4122. [PMID: 38750027 PMCID: PMC11096324 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48483-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Visual information is important for accurate spatial coding and memory-guided navigation. As a crucial area for spatial cognition, the medial entorhinal cortex (MEC) harbors diverse spatially tuned cells and functions as the major gateway relaying sensory inputs to the hippocampus containing place cells. However, how visual information enters the MEC has not been fully understood. Here, we identify a pathway originating in the secondary visual cortex (V2) and directly targeting MEC layer 5a (L5a). L5a neurons served as a network hub for visual processing in the MEC by routing visual inputs from multiple V2 areas to other local neurons and hippocampal CA1. Interrupting this pathway severely impaired visual stimulus-evoked neural activity in the MEC and performance of mice in navigation tasks. These observations reveal a visual cortical-entorhinal pathway highlighting the role of MEC L5a in sensory information transmission, a function typically attributed to MEC superficial layers before.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiming Shao
- HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Ligu Chen
- HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Xiaowan Li
- HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Miao Li
- HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Hui Cui
- HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Xiaoyue Li
- HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Xinran Zhao
- HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Yuying Shi
- HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Qiang Sun
- HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Kaiyue Yan
- HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Guangfu Wang
- HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China.
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Guo YY, Gao Y, Zhao YL, Xie C, Gan H, Cheng X, Yang LP, Hu J, Shu HB, Zhong B, Lin D, Yao J. Viral infection and spread are inhibited by the polyubiquitination and downregulation of TRPV2 channel by the interferon-stimulated gene TRIM21. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114095. [PMID: 38613787 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Interferon (IFN) contributes to the host's antiviral response by inducing IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs). However, their functional targets and the mechanism of action remain elusive. Here, we report that one such ISG, TRIM21, interacts with and degrades the TRPV2 channel in myeloid cells, reducing its expression and providing host protection against viral infections. Moreover, viral infection upregulates TRIM21 in paracrine and autocrine manners, downregulating TRPV2 in neighboring cells to prevent viral spread to uninfected cells. Consistently, the Trim21-/- mice are more susceptible to HSV-1 and VSV infection than the Trim21+/+ littermates, in which viral susceptibility is rescued by inhibition or deletion of TRPV2. Mechanistically, TRIM21 catalyzes the K48-linked ubiquitination of TRPV2 at Lys295. TRPV2K295R is resistant to viral-infection-induced TRIM21-dependent ubiquitination and degradation, promoting viral infection more profoundly than wild-type TRPV2 when reconstituted into Lyz2-Cre;Trpv2fl/fl myeloid cells. These findings characterize targeting the TRIM21-TRPV2 axis as a conducive strategy to control viral spread to bystander cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Yao Guo
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Frontier Science Center of Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China; Medical Research Institute, Frontier Science Center of Immunology and Metabolism, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China
| | - Yue Gao
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Frontier Science Center of Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China
| | - Yun-Lin Zhao
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Frontier Science Center of Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China
| | - Chang Xie
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Frontier Science Center of Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China
| | - Hu Gan
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Frontier Science Center of Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China
| | - Xufeng Cheng
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Frontier Science Center of Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China
| | - Li-Ping Yang
- Medical Research Institute, Frontier Science Center of Immunology and Metabolism, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China
| | - Junyan Hu
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Frontier Science Center of Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China
| | - Hong-Bing Shu
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Frontier Science Center of Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China; Medical Research Institute, Frontier Science Center of Immunology and Metabolism, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China
| | - Bo Zhong
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Frontier Science Center of Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China; Medical Research Institute, Frontier Science Center of Immunology and Metabolism, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China.
| | - Dandan Lin
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Frontier Science Center of Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China.
| | - Jing Yao
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Frontier Science Center of Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China.
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6
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Novello M, Bosman LWJ, De Zeeuw CI. A Systematic Review of Direct Outputs from the Cerebellum to the Brainstem and Diencephalon in Mammals. CEREBELLUM (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2024; 23:210-239. [PMID: 36575348 PMCID: PMC10864519 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-022-01499-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The cerebellum is involved in many motor, autonomic and cognitive functions, and new tasks that have a cerebellar contribution are discovered on a regular basis. Simultaneously, our insight into the functional compartmentalization of the cerebellum has markedly improved. Additionally, studies on cerebellar output pathways have seen a renaissance due to the development of viral tracing techniques. To create an overview of the current state of our understanding of cerebellar efferents, we undertook a systematic review of all studies on monosynaptic projections from the cerebellum to the brainstem and the diencephalon in mammals. This revealed that important projections from the cerebellum, to the motor nuclei, cerebral cortex, and basal ganglia, are predominantly di- or polysynaptic, rather than monosynaptic. Strikingly, most target areas receive cerebellar input from all three cerebellar nuclei, showing a convergence of cerebellar information at the output level. Overall, there appeared to be a large level of agreement between studies on different species as well as on the use of different types of neural tracers, making the emerging picture of the cerebellar output areas a solid one. Finally, we discuss how this cerebellar output network is affected by a range of diseases and syndromes, with also non-cerebellar diseases having impact on cerebellar output areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuele Novello
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Chris I De Zeeuw
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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7
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Li J, Su L, Jiang J, Wang YE, Ling Y, Qiu Y, Yu H, Huang Y, Wu J, Jiang S, Zhang T, Palazzo AF, Shen Q. RanBP2/Nup358 Mediates Sumoylation of STAT1 and Antagonizes Interferon-α-Mediated Antiviral Innate Immunity. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:299. [PMID: 38203469 PMCID: PMC10778711 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Type I interferon (IFN-I)-induced signaling plays a critical role in host antiviral innate immune responses. Despite this, the mechanisms that regulate this signaling pathway have yet to be fully elucidated. The nucleoporin Ran Binding Protein 2 (RanBP2) (also known as Nucleoporin 358 KDa, Nup358) has been implicated in a number of cellular processes, including host innate immune signaling pathways, and is known to influence viral infection. In this study, we documented that RanBP2 mediates the sumoylation of signal transducers and activators of transcription 1 (STAT1) and inhibits IFN-α-induced signaling. Specifically, we found that RanBP2-mediated sumoylation inhibits the interaction of STAT1 and Janus kinase 1 (JAK1), as well as the phosphorylation and nuclear accumulation of STAT1 after IFN-α stimulation, thereby antagonizing the IFN-α-mediated antiviral innate immune signaling pathway and promoting viral infection. Our findings not only provide insights into a novel function of RanBP2 in antiviral innate immunity but may also contribute to the development of new antiviral therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Li
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (J.L.); (L.S.); (J.J.); (Y.L.); (H.Y.); (Y.H.); (J.W.); (S.J.); (T.Z.)
| | - Lili Su
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (J.L.); (L.S.); (J.J.); (Y.L.); (H.Y.); (Y.H.); (J.W.); (S.J.); (T.Z.)
| | - Jing Jiang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (J.L.); (L.S.); (J.J.); (Y.L.); (H.Y.); (Y.H.); (J.W.); (S.J.); (T.Z.)
| | - Yifan E. Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada; (Y.E.W.); (Y.Q.)
| | - Yingying Ling
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (J.L.); (L.S.); (J.J.); (Y.L.); (H.Y.); (Y.H.); (J.W.); (S.J.); (T.Z.)
| | - Yi Qiu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada; (Y.E.W.); (Y.Q.)
| | - Huahui Yu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (J.L.); (L.S.); (J.J.); (Y.L.); (H.Y.); (Y.H.); (J.W.); (S.J.); (T.Z.)
| | - Yucong Huang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (J.L.); (L.S.); (J.J.); (Y.L.); (H.Y.); (Y.H.); (J.W.); (S.J.); (T.Z.)
| | - Jiangmin Wu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (J.L.); (L.S.); (J.J.); (Y.L.); (H.Y.); (Y.H.); (J.W.); (S.J.); (T.Z.)
| | - Shan Jiang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (J.L.); (L.S.); (J.J.); (Y.L.); (H.Y.); (Y.H.); (J.W.); (S.J.); (T.Z.)
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (J.L.); (L.S.); (J.J.); (Y.L.); (H.Y.); (Y.H.); (J.W.); (S.J.); (T.Z.)
| | - Alexander F. Palazzo
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada; (Y.E.W.); (Y.Q.)
| | - Qingtang Shen
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (J.L.); (L.S.); (J.J.); (Y.L.); (H.Y.); (Y.H.); (J.W.); (S.J.); (T.Z.)
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8
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Song Y, Li L, Ma T, Zhang B, Wang J, Tang X, Lu Y, He A, Li X. A Novel Mouse Model for Polysynaptic Retrograde Tracing and Rabies Pathological Research. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2023; 43:3743-3752. [PMID: 37405550 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-023-01384-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
Retrograde tracing is an important method for dissecting neuronal connections and mapping neural circuits. Over the past decades, several virus-based retrograde tracers have been developed and have contributed to display multiple neural circuits in the brain. However, most of the previously widely used viral tools have focused on mono-transsynaptic neural tracing within the central nervous system, with very limited options for achieving polysynaptic tracing between the central and peripheral nervous systems. In this study, we generated a novel mouse line, GT mice, in which both glycoprotein (G) and ASLV-A receptor (TVA) were expressed throughout the body. Using this mouse model, in combination with the well-developed rabies virus tools (RABV-EnvA-ΔG) for monosynaptic retrograde tracing, polysynaptic retrograde tracing can be achieved. This allows functional forward mapping and long-term tracing. Furthermore, since the G-deleted rabies virus can travel upstream against the nervous system as the original strain, this mouse model can also be used for rabies pathological studies. Schematic illustrations about the application principles of GT mice in polysynaptic retrograde tracing and rabies pathological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yige Song
- Institute for Brain Research, Wuhan Center of Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Lanfang Li
- Institute for Brain Research, Wuhan Center of Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Tian Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- Institute for Brain Research, Wuhan Center of Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xiaomei Tang
- Institute for Brain Research, Wuhan Center of Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Youming Lu
- Institute for Brain Research, Wuhan Center of Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 4030030, China
| | - Aodi He
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
- Institute for Brain Research, Wuhan Center of Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Xinyan Li
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
- Institute for Brain Research, Wuhan Center of Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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9
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Qiao N, Ma L, Zhang Y, Wang L. Update on Nonhuman Primate Models of Brain Disease and Related Research Tools. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2516. [PMID: 37760957 PMCID: PMC10525665 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11092516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The aging of the population is an increasingly serious issue, and many age-related illnesses are on the rise. These illnesses pose a serious threat to the health and safety of elderly individuals and create a serious economic and social burden. Despite substantial research into the pathogenesis of these diseases, their etiology and pathogenesis remain unclear. In recent decades, rodent models have been used in attempts to elucidate these disorders, but such models fail to simulate the full range of symptoms. Nonhuman primates (NHPs) are the most ideal neuroscientific models for studying the human brain and are more functionally similar to humans because of their high genetic similarities and phenotypic characteristics in comparison with humans. Here, we review the literature examining typical NHP brain disease models, focusing on NHP models of common diseases such as dementia, Parkinson's disease, and epilepsy. We also explore the application of electroencephalography (EEG), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and optogenetic study methods on NHPs and neural circuits associated with cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Qiao
- School of Life Sciences, Hebei University, 180 Wusi Dong Lu, Baoding 071002, China;
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, China;
| | - Lizhen Ma
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, China;
| | - Yi Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Hebei University, 180 Wusi Dong Lu, Baoding 071002, China;
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, China;
| | - Lifeng Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Hebei University, 180 Wusi Dong Lu, Baoding 071002, China;
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, China;
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10
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Zheng N, Gui Z, Liu X, Wu Y, Wang H, Cai A, Wu J, Li X, Kaewborisuth C, Zhang Z, Wang Q, Manyande A, Xu F, Wang J. Investigations of brain-wide functional and structural networks of dopaminergic and CamKIIα-positive neurons in VTA with DREADD-fMRI and neurotropic virus tracing technologies. J Transl Med 2023; 21:543. [PMID: 37580725 PMCID: PMC10424380 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04362-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ventral tegmental area (VTA) contains heterogeneous cell populations. The dopaminergic neurons in VTA play a central role in reward and cognition, while CamKIIα-positive neurons, composed mainly of glutamatergic and some dopaminergic neurons, participate in the reward learning and locomotor activity behaviors. The differences in brain-wide functional and structural networks between these two neuronal subtypes were comparatively elucidated. METHODS In this study, we applied a method combining Designer Receptors Exclusively Activated by Designer Drugs (DREADD) and fMRI to assess the cell type-specific modulation of whole-brain neural networks. rAAV encoding the cre-dependent hM3D was injected into the right VTA of DAT-cre or CamKIIα-cre transgenic rats. The global brain activities elicited by DREADD stimulation were then detected using BOLD-fMRI. Furthermore, the cre-dependent antegrade transsynaptic viral tracer H129ΔTK-TT was applied to label the outputs of VTA neurons. RESULTS We found that DREADD stimulation of dopaminergic neurons induced significant BOLD signal changes in the VTA and several VTA-related regions including mPFC, Cg and Septum. More regions responded to selective activation of VTA CamKIIα-positive neurons, resulting in increased BOLD signals in VTA, Insula, mPFC, MC_R (Right), Cg, Septum, Hipp, TH_R, PtA_R, and ViC_R. Along with DREADD-BOLD analysis, further neuronal tracing identified multiple cortical (MC, mPFC) and subcortical (Hipp, TH) brain regions that are structurally and functionally connected by VTA dopaminergic and CamKIIα-positive neurons. CONCLUSIONS Our study dissects brain-wide structural and functional networks of two neuronal subtypes in VTA and advances our understanding of VTA functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences-Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, 430071, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhu Gui
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences-Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, 430071, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaodong Liu
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Peter Hung Pain Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Yang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences-Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, 430071, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Huadong Wang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Viral Vectors for Biomedicine, Key Laboratory of Quality Control Technology for Virus-Based Therapeutics, Guangdong Provincial Medical Products Administration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Viral Vector Technology in Cell and Gene Therapy Medicinal Products, The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Aoling Cai
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences-Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, 430071, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinfeng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences-Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, 430071, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xihai Li
- College of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Challika Kaewborisuth
- Virology and Cell Technology Research Team, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Zhijian Zhang
- Department of Neuroscience and Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, Perelman School for Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Qitian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences-Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, 430071, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Anne Manyande
- School of Human and Social Sciences, University of West London, Middlesex, TW8 9GA, UK
| | - Fuqiang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences-Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, 430071, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Viral Vectors for Biomedicine, Key Laboratory of Quality Control Technology for Virus-Based Therapeutics, Guangdong Provincial Medical Products Administration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Viral Vector Technology in Cell and Gene Therapy Medicinal Products, The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Jie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences-Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, 430071, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
- Institute of Neuroscience and Brain Diseases, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
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11
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Du W, Li E, Guo J, Arano R, Kim Y, Chen YT, Thompson A, Oh SJ, Samuel A, Li Y, Oyibo HK, Xu W. Directed stepwise tracing of polysynaptic neuronal circuits with replication-deficient pseudorabies virus. CELL REPORTS METHODS 2023; 3:100506. [PMID: 37426757 PMCID: PMC10326449 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmeth.2023.100506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Brain functions are accomplished by polysynaptic circuits formed by neurons wired together through multiple orders of synaptic connections. Polysynaptic connectivity has been difficult to examine due to a lack of methods of continuously tracing the pathways in a controlled manner. Here, we demonstrate directed, stepwise retrograde polysynaptic tracing by inducible reconstitution of replication-deficient trans-neuronal pseudorabies virus (PRVΔIE) in the brain. Furthermore, PRVΔIE replication can be temporally restricted to minimize its neurotoxicity. With this tool, we delineate a wiring diagram between the hippocampus and striatum-two major brain systems for learning, memory, and navigation-that consists of projections from specific hippocampal domains to specific striatal areas via distinct intermediate brain regions. Therefore, this inducible PRVΔIE system provides a tool for dissecting polysynaptic circuits underlying complex brain functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqin Du
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Elizabeth Li
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Jun Guo
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Rachel Arano
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Yerim Kim
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Yuh-Tarng Chen
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Alyssa Thompson
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - So Jung Oh
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Aspen Samuel
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Hassana K. Oyibo
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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12
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Peng S, Gu W, Zhu W, Zhuang Y, Yang X, Lv Y, Meng S, Xie W, Li M. A new AAV tool for highly preferentially targeting hippocampal CA2. Mol Brain 2023; 16:50. [PMID: 37303064 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-023-01038-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Mice hippocampus contains three prominent subregions, CA1, CA3 and DG and is well regarded as an essential multiple task processor for learning, memory and cognition based on tremendous studies on these three subregions. The narrow region sandwiched between CA1 and CA3 called CA2 has been neglected for a long time. But it raises great attentions recently since this region manifests the indispensable role in social memory. Its unique physical position connecting CA1 and CA3 suggests the potential novel functions besides social memory regulation. But the CA2 is too small to be accurately targeted. A flexible AAV tool capable of accurately and efficiently targeting this region is highly demanded. To fill this gap, we generate an AAV expressing Cre driven by the mini Map3k15 promoter, AAV/M1-Cre, which can be easily utilized to help tracing and manipulating CA2 pyramidal neurons. However, M1-Cre labeled a small percentage of M1+RGS14- neurons that do not colocalize with any RGS14+/STEP+/PEP4+/Amigo2+ pyramidal neurons. They are proved to be the mixture of normal CA2 pyramidal neurons, CA3-like neurons in CA2-CA3 mixed border, some CA2 interneurons and rarely few CA1-like neurons, which are probably the ones projecting to the revealed CA2 downstream targets, VMH, STHY and PMV in WT mice injecting this AAV/M1-Cre virus but not in Amigo2-Cre mice. Though it is still challenging to get a pure CA2 tracking and manipulation system, this tool provides a new, more flexible and extended strategy for in-depth CA2 functional study in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Peng
- School of Life Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Wenzhen Gu
- School of Life Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Wenxiu Zhu
- School of Life Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Yan Zhuang
- School of Life Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Xiuqi Yang
- School of Life Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Yaochen Lv
- School of Life Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Sibie Meng
- School of Life Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Wei Xie
- School of Life Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Moyi Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China.
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China.
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13
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Kong L, Sui C, Chen T, Zhang L, Zhao W, Zheng Y, Liu B, Cheng X, Gao C. The ubiquitin E3 ligase TRIM10 promotes STING aggregation and activation in the Golgi apparatus. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112306. [PMID: 36972172 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2023] Open
Abstract
STING is an endoplasmic reticulum-resident protein regulating innate immunity. After binding with cyclic guanosine monophosphate-AMP (cGAMP), STING translocates from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the Golgi apparatus to stimulate TBK1 and IRF3 activation, leading to expression of type I interferon. However, the exact mechanism concerning STING activation remains largely enigmatic. Here, we identify tripartite motif 10 (TRIM10) as a positive regulator of STING signaling. TRIM10-deficient macrophages exhibit reduced type I interferon production upon double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) or cGAMP stimulation and decreased resistance to herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) infection. Additionally, TRIM10-deficient mice are more susceptible to HSV-1 infection and exhibit faster melanoma growth. Mechanistically, TRIM10 associates with STING and catalyzes K27- and K29-linked polyubiquitination of STING at K289 and K370, which promotes STING trafficking from the ER to the Golgi apparatus, formation of STING aggregates, and recruitment of TBK1 to STING, ultimately enhancing the STING-dependent type I interferon response. Our study defines TRIM10 as a critical activator in cGAS-STING-mediated antiviral and antitumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingli Kong
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province & Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China; Department of Immunology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Chao Sui
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province & Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China; Department of Immunology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Tian Chen
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province & Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China; Department of Immunology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province & Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China; Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Yi Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province & Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China; Department of Immunology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Bingyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province & Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China; Department of Immunology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Xiaochen Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province & Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China; Department of Immunology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China.
| | - Chengjiang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province & Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China; Department of Immunology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China.
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14
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Wu D, Yu N, Gao Y, Xiong R, Liu L, Lei H, Jin S, Liu J, Liu Y, Xie J, Liu E, Zhou Q, Liu Y, Li S, Wei L, Lv J, Yu H, Zeng W, Zhou Q, Xu F, Luo MH, Zhang Y, Yang Y, Wang JZ. Targeting a vulnerable septum-hippocampus cholinergic circuit in a critical time window ameliorates tau-impaired memory consolidation. Mol Neurodegener 2023; 18:23. [PMID: 37060096 PMCID: PMC10103508 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-023-00614-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abnormal tau accumulation and cholinergic degeneration are hallmark pathologies in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the sensitivity of cholinergic neurons to AD-like tau accumulation and strategies to ameliorate tau-disrupted spatial memory in terms of neural circuits still remain elusive. METHODS To investigate the effect and mechanism of the cholinergic circuit in Alzheimer's disease-related hippocampal memory, overexpression of human wild-type Tau (hTau) in medial septum (MS)-hippocampus (HP) cholinergic was achieved by specifically injecting pAAV-EF1α-DIO-hTau-eGFP virus into the MS of ChAT-Cre mice. Immunostaining, behavioral analysis and optogenetic activation experiments were used to detect the effect of hTau accumulation on cholinergic neurons and the MS-CA1 cholinergic circuit. Patch-clamp recordings and in vivo local field potential recordings were used to analyze the influence of hTau on the electrical signals of cholinergic neurons and the activity of cholinergic neural circuit networks. Optogenetic activation combined with cholinergic receptor blocker was used to detect the role of cholinergic receptors in spatial memory. RESULTS In the present study, we found that cholinergic neurons with an asymmetric discharge characteristic in the MS-hippocampal CA1 pathway are vulnerable to tau accumulation. In addition to an inhibitory effect on neuronal excitability, theta synchronization between the MS and CA1 subsets was significantly disrupted during memory consolidation after overexpressing hTau in the MS. Photoactivating MS-CA1 cholinergic inputs within a critical 3 h time window during memory consolidation efficiently improved tau-induced spatial memory deficits in a theta rhythm-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS Our study not only reveals the vulnerability of a novel MS-CA1 cholinergic circuit to AD-like tau accumulation but also provides a rhythm- and time window-dependent strategy to target the MS-CA1 cholinergic circuit, thereby rescuing tau-induced spatial cognitive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongqin Wu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China/Hubei Province for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Department of Pathology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Nana Yu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China/Hubei Province for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yang Gao
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China/Hubei Province for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Rui Xiong
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China/Hubei Province for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Luping Liu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Huiyang Lei
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China/Hubei Province for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Sen Jin
- The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Jiale Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China/Hubei Province for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yingzhou Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China/Hubei Province for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jiazhao Xie
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China/Hubei Province for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Enjie Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China/Hubei Province for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Qiuzhi Zhou
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China/Hubei Province for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yanchao Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China/Hubei Province for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Shihong Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China/Hubei Province for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Linyu Wei
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China/Hubei Province for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jingru Lv
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China/Hubei Province for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Huilin Yu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China/Hubei Province for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Wenbo Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology (CEBSIT), Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Qiang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Fuqiang Xu
- The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Min-Hua Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology (CEBSIT), Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Endocrine Department of Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430077, China.
| | - Ying Yang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China/Hubei Province for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
- Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226000, China.
| | - Jian-Zhi Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China/Hubei Province for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
- Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226000, China.
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15
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Yang T, Yu K, Zhang X, Xiao X, Chen X, Fu Y, Li B. Plastic and stimulus-specific coding of salient events in the central amygdala. Nature 2023; 616:510-519. [PMID: 37020025 PMCID: PMC10665639 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-05910-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
The central amygdala (CeA) is implicated in a range of mental processes including attention, motivation, memory formation and extinction and in behaviours driven by either aversive or appetitive stimuli1-7. How it participates in these divergent functions remains elusive. Here we show that somatostatin-expressing (Sst+) CeA neurons, which mediate much of CeA functions3,6,8-10, generate experience-dependent and stimulus-specific evaluative signals essential for learning. The population responses of these neurons in mice encode the identities of a wide range of salient stimuli, with the responses of separate subpopulations selectively representing the stimuli that have contrasting valences, sensory modalities or physical properties (for example, shock and water reward). These signals scale with stimulus intensity, undergo pronounced amplification and transformation during learning, and are required for both reward and aversive learning. Notably, these signals contribute to the responses of dopamine neurons to reward and reward prediction error, but not to their responses to aversive stimuli. In line with this, Sst+ CeA neuron outputs to dopamine areas are required for reward learning, but are dispensable for aversive learning. Our results suggest that Sst+ CeA neurons selectively process information about differing salient events for evaluation during learning, supporting the diverse roles of the CeA. In particular, the information for dopamine neurons facilitates reward evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yang
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA.
| | - Kai Yu
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| | - Xian Zhang
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
- Bioscience and Biomedical Engineering Thrust, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiong Xiao
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoke Chen
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yu Fu
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bo Li
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA.
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16
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Xiao H, Hu H, Guo Y, Li J, Wen L, Zeng WB, Wang M, Luo MH, Hu Z. Construction and characterization of a synthesized herpes simplex virus H129-Syn-G2. Virol Sin 2023:S1995-820X(23)00026-3. [PMID: 36940800 DOI: 10.1016/j.virs.2023.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) causes lifelong infections worldwide, and currently there is no efficient cure or vaccine. HSV-1-derived tools, such as neuronal circuit tracers and oncolytic viruses, have been used extensively; however, further genetic engineering of HSV-1 is hindered by its complex genome structure. In the present study, we designed and constructed a synthetic platform for HSV-1 based on H129-G4. The complete genome was constructed from 10 fragments through 3 rounds of synthesis using transformation-associated recombination (TAR) in yeast, and was named H129-Syn-G2. The H129-Syn-G2 genome contained two copies of the gfp gene and was transfected into cells to rescue the virus. According to growth curve assay and electron microscopy results, the synthetic viruses exhibited more optimized growth properties and similar morphogenesis compared to the parental virus. This synthetic platform will facilitate further manipulation of the HSV-1 genome for the development of neuronal circuit tracers, oncolytic viruses, and vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Xiao
- State Key laboratory of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Science, Wuhan, 430071, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hengrui Hu
- State Key laboratory of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Science, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Yijia Guo
- State Key laboratory of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Science, Wuhan, 430071, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jiang Li
- State Key laboratory of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Science, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Le Wen
- State Key laboratory of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Science, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Wen-Bo Zeng
- State Key laboratory of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Science, Wuhan, 430071, China.
| | - Manli Wang
- State Key laboratory of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Science, Wuhan, 430071, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Min-Hua Luo
- State Key laboratory of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Science, Wuhan, 430071, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Zhihong Hu
- State Key laboratory of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Science, Wuhan, 430071, China.
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17
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Xiong F, Yang H, Song YG, Qin HB, Zhang QY, Huang X, Jing W, Deng M, Liu Y, Liu Z, Shen Y, Han Y, Lu Y, Xu X, Holmes TC, Luo M, Zhao F, Luo MH, Zeng WB. An HSV-1-H129 amplicon tracer system for rapid and efficient monosynaptic anterograde neural circuit tracing. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7645. [PMID: 36496505 PMCID: PMC9741617 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35355-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Monosynaptic viral tracers are essential tools for dissecting neuronal connectomes and for targeted delivery of molecular sensors and effectors. Viral toxicity and complex multi-injection protocols are major limiting application barriers. To overcome these barriers, we developed an anterograde monosynaptic H129Amp tracer system based on HSV-1 strain H129. The H129Amp tracer system consists of two components: an H129-dTK-T2-pacFlox helper which assists H129Amp tracer's propagation and transneuronal monosynaptic transmission. The shared viral features of tracer/helper allow for simultaneous single-injection and subsequent high expression efficiency from multiple-copy of expression cassettes in H129Amp tracer. These improvements of H129Amp tracer system shorten experiment duration from 28-day to 5-day for fast-bright monosynaptic tracing. The lack of toxic viral genes in the H129Amp tracer minimizes toxicity in postsynaptic neurons, thus offering the potential for functional anterograde mapping and long-term tracer delivery of genetic payloads. The H129Amp tracer system is a powerful tracing tool for revealing neuronal connectomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Xiong
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309State Key Laboratory of Virology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China ,grid.9227.e0000000119573309Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy of Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong Yang
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309State Key Laboratory of Virology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yi-Ge Song
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hai-Bin Qin
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309State Key Laboratory of Virology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qing-Yang Zhang
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309State Key Laboratory of Virology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xian Huang
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Jing
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Manfei Deng
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Liu
- grid.410717.40000 0004 0644 5086National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhixiang Liu
- grid.410717.40000 0004 0644 5086National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yin Shen
- grid.49470.3e0000 0001 2331 6153Eye Center, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yunyun Han
- grid.49470.3e0000 0001 2331 6153Eye Center, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Youming Lu
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiangmin Xu
- grid.266093.80000 0001 0668 7243Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA USA ,grid.266093.80000 0001 0668 7243Center for Neural Circuit Mapping, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA USA
| | - Todd C. Holmes
- grid.266093.80000 0001 0668 7243Center for Neural Circuit Mapping, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA USA ,grid.266093.80000 0001 0668 7243Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA USA
| | - Minmin Luo
- grid.410717.40000 0004 0644 5086National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China ,grid.510934.a0000 0005 0398 4153Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Zhao
- grid.510934.a0000 0005 0398 4153Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China ,grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XSchool of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Min-Hua Luo
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309State Key Laboratory of Virology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China ,grid.9227.e0000000119573309Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy of Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China ,grid.266093.80000 0001 0668 7243Center for Neural Circuit Mapping, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA USA
| | - Wen-Bo Zeng
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309State Key Laboratory of Virology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
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18
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Guo Y, Gao Y, Hu Y, Zhao Y, Jiang D, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Gan H, Xie C, Liu Z, Zhong B, Zhang Z, Yao J. The Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 2 (TRPV2) Channel Facilitates Virus Infection Through the Ca 2+ -LRMDA Axis in Myeloid Cells. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2202857. [PMID: 36261399 PMCID: PMC9731701 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202202857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The transient receptor potential vanilloid 2 (TRPV2) channel is a nonselective cation channel that has been implicated in multiple sensory processes in the nervous system. Here, it is shown that TRPV2 in myeloid cells facilitates virus penetration by promoting the tension and mobility of cell membrane through the Ca2+ -LRMDA axis. Knockout of TRPV2 in myeloid cells or inhibition of TRPV2 channel activity suppresses viral infection and protects mice from herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) and vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) infection. Reconstitution of TRPV2 but not the Ca2+ -impermeable mutant TRPV2E572Q into LyZ2-Cre;Trpv2fl/fl bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) restores viral infection. Mechanistically, knockout of TRPV2 in myeloid cells inhibits the tension and mobility of cell membrane and the penetration of viruses, which is restored by reconstitution of TRPV2 but not TRPV2E572Q . In addition, knockout of TRPV2 leads to downregulation of Lrmda in BMDCs and BMDMs, and knockdown of Lrmda significantly downregulates the mobility and tension of cell membrane and inhibits viral infections in Trpv2fl/fl but not LyZ2-Cre;Trpv2fl/fl BMDCs. Consistently, complement of LRMDA into LyZ2-Cre;Trpv2fl/fl BMDCs partially restores the tension and mobility of cell membrane and promotes viral penetration and infection. These findings characterize a previously unknown function of myeloid TRPV2 in facilitating viral infection though the Ca2+ -LRMDA axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu‐Yao Guo
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryCollege of Life SciencesZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan UniversityWuhan430071China
- Department of ImmunologyMedical Research Institute and Frontier Science Center for Immunology and MetabolismWuhan UniversityWuhan430071China
- Wuhan Research Center for Infectious Diseases and CancerChinese Academy of Medical SciencesWuhan430071China
- State Key Laboratory of VirologyHubei Key Laboratory of Cell HomeostasisCollege of Life SciencesFrontier Science Center for Immunology and MetabolismWuhan UniversityWuhan430072China
| | - Yue Gao
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryCollege of Life SciencesZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan UniversityWuhan430071China
- State Key Laboratory of VirologyHubei Key Laboratory of Cell HomeostasisCollege of Life SciencesFrontier Science Center for Immunology and MetabolismWuhan UniversityWuhan430072China
| | - Yu‐Ru Hu
- The Institute for Advanced StudiesWuhan UniversityWuhan430072China
| | - Yuhan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of VirologyHubei Key Laboratory of Cell HomeostasisCollege of Life SciencesFrontier Science Center for Immunology and MetabolismWuhan UniversityWuhan430072China
| | - Dexiang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of VirologyHubei Key Laboratory of Cell HomeostasisCollege of Life SciencesFrontier Science Center for Immunology and MetabolismWuhan UniversityWuhan430072China
| | - Yulin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of VirologyHubei Key Laboratory of Cell HomeostasisCollege of Life SciencesFrontier Science Center for Immunology and MetabolismWuhan UniversityWuhan430072China
| | - Youjing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of VirologyHubei Key Laboratory of Cell HomeostasisCollege of Life SciencesFrontier Science Center for Immunology and MetabolismWuhan UniversityWuhan430072China
| | - Hu Gan
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryCollege of Life SciencesZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan UniversityWuhan430071China
- Department of ImmunologyMedical Research Institute and Frontier Science Center for Immunology and MetabolismWuhan UniversityWuhan430071China
- Wuhan Research Center for Infectious Diseases and CancerChinese Academy of Medical SciencesWuhan430071China
| | - Chang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of VirologyHubei Key Laboratory of Cell HomeostasisCollege of Life SciencesFrontier Science Center for Immunology and MetabolismWuhan UniversityWuhan430072China
| | - Zheng Liu
- The Institute for Advanced StudiesWuhan UniversityWuhan430072China
| | - Bo Zhong
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryCollege of Life SciencesZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan UniversityWuhan430071China
- Department of ImmunologyMedical Research Institute and Frontier Science Center for Immunology and MetabolismWuhan UniversityWuhan430071China
- Wuhan Research Center for Infectious Diseases and CancerChinese Academy of Medical SciencesWuhan430071China
| | - Zhi‐Dong Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryCollege of Life SciencesZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan UniversityWuhan430071China
- Department of ImmunologyMedical Research Institute and Frontier Science Center for Immunology and MetabolismWuhan UniversityWuhan430071China
- Wuhan Research Center for Infectious Diseases and CancerChinese Academy of Medical SciencesWuhan430071China
| | - Jing Yao
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryCollege of Life SciencesZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan UniversityWuhan430071China
- Department of ImmunologyMedical Research Institute and Frontier Science Center for Immunology and MetabolismWuhan UniversityWuhan430071China
- State Key Laboratory of VirologyHubei Key Laboratory of Cell HomeostasisCollege of Life SciencesFrontier Science Center for Immunology and MetabolismWuhan UniversityWuhan430072China
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19
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Liu Q, Wu Y, Wang H, Jia F, Xu F. Viral Tools for Neural Circuit Tracing. Neurosci Bull 2022; 38:1508-1518. [PMID: 36136267 PMCID: PMC9723069 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-022-00949-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural circuits provide an anatomical basis for functional networks. Therefore, dissecting the structure of neural circuits is essential to understanding how the brain works. Recombinant neurotropic viruses are important tools for neural circuit tracing with many advantages over non-viral tracers: they allow for anterograde, retrograde, and trans-synaptic delivery of tracers in a cell type-specific, circuit-selective manner. In this review, we summarize the recent developments in the viral tools for neural circuit tracing, discuss the key principles of using viral tools in neuroscience research, and highlight innovations for developing and optimizing viral tools for neural circuit tracing across diverse animal species, including nonhuman primates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Liu
- The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Viral Vectors for Biomedicine, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Viral Vector Technology in Cell and Gene Therapy Medicinal Products, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Quality Control Technology for Virus-Based Therapeutics, Guangdong Provincial Medical Products Administration, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, Wuhan Center for Magnetic Resonance, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Huadong Wang
- The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Viral Vectors for Biomedicine, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Viral Vector Technology in Cell and Gene Therapy Medicinal Products, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Quality Control Technology for Virus-Based Therapeutics, Guangdong Provincial Medical Products Administration, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Fan Jia
- The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Viral Vectors for Biomedicine, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Viral Vector Technology in Cell and Gene Therapy Medicinal Products, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Quality Control Technology for Virus-Based Therapeutics, Guangdong Provincial Medical Products Administration, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Fuqiang Xu
- The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Viral Vectors for Biomedicine, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Viral Vector Technology in Cell and Gene Therapy Medicinal Products, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Quality Control Technology for Virus-Based Therapeutics, Guangdong Provincial Medical Products Administration, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, Wuhan Center for Magnetic Resonance, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China.
- Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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20
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Li X, Yu H, Zhang B, Li L, Chen W, Yu Q, Huang X, Ke X, Wang Y, Jing W, Du H, Li H, Zhang T, Liu L, Zhu LQ, Lu Y. Molecularly defined and functionally distinct cholinergic subnetworks. Neuron 2022; 110:3774-3788.e7. [PMID: 36130594 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2022.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cholinergic neurons in the medial septum (MS) constitute a major source of cholinergic input to the forebrain and modulate diverse functions, including sensory processing, memory, and attention. Most studies to date have treated cholinergic neurons as a single population; as such, the organizational principles underling their functional diversity remain unknown. Here, we identified two subsets (D28K+ versus D28K-) of cholinergic neurons that are topographically segregated in mice, Macaca fascicularis, and humans. These cholinergic subpopulations possess unique electrophysiological signatures, express mutually exclusive marker genes (kcnh1 and aifm3 versus cacna1h and gga3), and make differential connections with physiologically distinct neuronal classes in the hippocampus to form two structurally defined and functionally distinct circuits. Gain- and loss-of-function studies on these circuits revealed their differential roles in modulation of anxiety-like behavior and spatial memory. These results provide a molecular and circuitry-based theory for how cholinergic neurons contribute to their diverse behavioral functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyan Li
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 4030030, China; Institute for Brain Research, Wuhan Center of Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Hongyan Yu
- Institute for Brain Research, Wuhan Center of Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- Institute for Brain Research, Wuhan Center of Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Lanfang Li
- Institute for Brain Research, Wuhan Center of Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Wenting Chen
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 4030030, China; Institute for Brain Research, Wuhan Center of Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Quntao Yu
- Institute for Brain Research, Wuhan Center of Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xian Huang
- Institute for Brain Research, Wuhan Center of Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xiao Ke
- Institute for Brain Research, Wuhan Center of Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yunyun Wang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Wei Jing
- Institute for Brain Research, Wuhan Center of Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Huiyun Du
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 4030030, China; Institute for Brain Research, Wuhan Center of Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Hao Li
- Institute for Brain Research, Wuhan Center of Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Tongmei Zhang
- Institute for Brain Research, Wuhan Center of Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Liang Liu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Ling-Qiang Zhu
- Institute for Brain Research, Wuhan Center of Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Youming Lu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 4030030, China; Institute for Brain Research, Wuhan Center of Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
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21
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Lipopolysaccharide enhances HSV-1 replication and inflammatory factor release in the ARPE-19 cells. Heliyon 2022; 8:e11787. [DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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22
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O'Dell DE, Smith-Bell CA, Enquist LW, Engel EA, Schreurs BG. Eyeblink tract tracing with two strains of herpes simplex virus 1. Brain Res 2022; 1793:148040. [PMID: 35932812 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2022.148040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroinvasive herpes simplex-1 (HSV-1) isolates including H129 and McIntyre cross at or near synapses labeling higher-order neurons directly connected to infected cells. H129 spreads predominately in the anterograde direction while McIntyre strains spread only in the retrograde direction. However, it is unknown if neurons are functional once infected with derivatives of H129 or McIntyre. NEW METHOD We describe a previously unpublished HSV-1 recombinant derived from H129 (HSV-373) expressing mCherry fluorescent reporters and one new McIntyre recombinant (HSV-780) expressing the mCherry fluorophore and demonstrate how infections affect neuron viability. RESULTS AND COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS Each recombinant virus behaved similarly and spread to the target 4 days post-infection. We tested H129 recombinant infected neurons for neurodegeneration using Fluoro-jade C and found them to be necrotic as a result of viral infection. We performed dual inoculations with both HSV-772 and HSV-780 to identify cells comprising both the anterograde pathway and the retrograde pathway, respectively, of our circuit of study. We examined the presence of postsynaptic marker PSD-95, which plays a role in synaptic plasticity, in HSV-772 infected and in dual-infected rats (HSV-772 and HSV-780). PSD-95 reactivity decreased in HSV-772-infected neurons and dual-infected tissue had no PSD-95 reactivity. CONCLUSIONS Infection by these new recombinant viruses traced the circuit of interest but functional studies of the cells comprising the pathway were not possible because viral-infected neurons died as a result of necrosis or were stripped of PSD-95 by the time the viral labels reached the target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deidre E O'Dell
- Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, United States; West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, United States.
| | - Carrie A Smith-Bell
- Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, United States; West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, United States
| | - Lynn W Enquist
- Department of Molecular Biology, United States; Princeton Neuroscience Institute, United States; Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, United States
| | - Esteban A Engel
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, United States; Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, United States
| | - Bernard G Schreurs
- Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, United States; West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, United States.
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23
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Xiong TC, Wei MC, Li FX, Shi M, Gan H, Tang Z, Dong HP, Liuyu T, Gao P, Zhong B, Zhang ZD, Lin D. The E3 ubiquitin ligase ARIH1 promotes antiviral immunity and autoimmunity by inducing mono-ISGylation and oligomerization of cGAS. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5973. [PMID: 36217001 PMCID: PMC9551088 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33671-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The cytosolic DNA sensor cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) plays a critical role in antiviral immunity and autoimmunity. The activity and stability of cGAS are fine-tuned by post-translational modifications. Here, we show that ariadne RBR E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1 (ARIH1) catalyzes the mono-ISGylation and induces the oligomerization of cGAS, thereby promoting antiviral immunity and autoimmunity. Knockdown or knockout of ARIH1 significantly inhibits herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1)- or cytoplasmic DNA-induced expression of type I interferons (IFNs) and proinflammatory cytokines. Consistently, tamoxifen-treated ER-Cre;Arih1fl/fl mice and Lyz2-Cre; Arih1fl/fl mice are hypersensitive to HSV-1 infection compared with the controls. In addition, deletion of ARIH1 in myeloid cells alleviates the autoimmune phenotypes and completely rescues the autoimmune lethality caused by TREX1 deficiency. Mechanistically, HSV-1- or cytosolic DNA-induced oligomerization and activation of cGAS are potentiated by ISGylation at its K187 residue, which is catalyzed by ARIH1. Our findings thus reveal an important role of ARIH1 in innate antiviral and autoimmune responses and provide insight into the post-translational regulation of cGAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Chen Xiong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Medical Research Institute, Frontier Science Center of Immunology and Metabolism, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Chongqing International Institute for Immunology, Chongqing, China
- TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Wuhan Research Center for Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Ming-Cong Wei
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Medical Research Institute, Frontier Science Center of Immunology and Metabolism, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fang-Xu Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Medical Research Institute, Frontier Science Center of Immunology and Metabolism, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Miao Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hu Gan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Medical Research Institute, Frontier Science Center of Immunology and Metabolism, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhen Tang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Medical Research Institute, Frontier Science Center of Immunology and Metabolism, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong-Peng Dong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Medical Research Institute, Frontier Science Center of Immunology and Metabolism, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tianzi Liuyu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Medical Research Institute, Frontier Science Center of Immunology and Metabolism, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Pu Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Zhong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Medical Research Institute, Frontier Science Center of Immunology and Metabolism, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
- TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
- Wuhan Research Center for Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China.
- Department of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Zhi-Dong Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Medical Research Institute, Frontier Science Center of Immunology and Metabolism, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Dandan Lin
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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24
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Arias A, Manubens-Gil L, Dierssen M. Fluorescent transgenic mouse models for whole-brain imaging in health and disease. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:958222. [PMID: 36211979 PMCID: PMC9538927 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.958222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A paradigm shift is occurring in neuroscience and in general in life sciences converting biomedical research from a descriptive discipline into a quantitative, predictive, actionable science. Living systems are becoming amenable to quantitative description, with profound consequences for our ability to predict biological phenomena. New experimental tools such as tissue clearing, whole-brain imaging, and genetic engineering technologies have opened the opportunity to embrace this new paradigm, allowing to extract anatomical features such as cell number, their full morphology, and even their structural connectivity. These tools will also allow the exploration of new features such as their geometrical arrangement, within and across brain regions. This would be especially important to better characterize brain function and pathological alterations in neurological, neurodevelopmental, and neurodegenerative disorders. New animal models for mapping fluorescent protein-expressing neurons and axon pathways in adult mice are key to this aim. As a result of both developments, relevant cell populations with endogenous fluorescence signals can be comprehensively and quantitatively mapped to whole-brain images acquired at submicron resolution. However, they present intrinsic limitations: weak fluorescent signals, unequal signal strength across the same cell type, lack of specificity of fluorescent labels, overlapping signals in cell types with dense labeling, or undetectable signal at distal parts of the neurons, among others. In this review, we discuss the recent advances in the development of fluorescent transgenic mouse models that overcome to some extent the technical and conceptual limitations and tradeoffs between different strategies. We also discuss the potential use of these strains for understanding disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Arias
- Department of System Biology, Centre for Genomic Regulation, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Linus Manubens-Gil
- Institute for Brain and Intelligence, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mara Dierssen
- Department of System Biology, Centre for Genomic Regulation, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, University Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona, Spain
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25
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Jiang S, Wang YS, Zheng XX, Zhao SL, Wang Y, Sun L, Chen PH, Zhou Y, Tin C, Li HL, Sui JF, Wu GY. Itch-specific neurons in the ventrolateral orbital cortex selectively modulate the itch processing. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabn4408. [PMID: 35905177 PMCID: PMC9337765 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abn4408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Itch is a cutaneous sensation that is critical in driving scratching behavior. The long-standing question of whether there are specific neurons for itch modulation inside the brain remains unanswered. Here, we report a subpopulation of itch-specific neurons in the ventrolateral orbital cortex (VLO) that is distinct from the pain-related neurons. Using a Tet-Off cellular labeling system, we showed that local inhibition or activation of these itch-specific neurons in the VLO significantly suppressed or enhanced itch-induced scratching, respectively, whereas the intervention did not significantly affect pain. Conversely, suppression or activation of pain-specific neurons in the VLO significantly affected pain but not itch. Moreover, fiber photometry and immunofluorescence verified that these itch- and pain-specific neurons are distinct in their functional activity and histological location. In addition, the downstream targets of itch- and pain-specific neurons were different. Together, the present study uncovers an important subpopulation of neurons in the VLO that specifically modulates itch processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Jiang
- Experimental Center of Basic Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yi-Song Wang
- Experimental Center of Basic Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Xiao-Xia Zheng
- Experimental Center of Basic Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Shan-Lan Zhao
- Experimental Center of Basic Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Experimental Center of Basic Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Lin Sun
- Experimental Center of Basic Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Peng-Hui Chen
- Department of Neurobiology, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Department of Neurobiology, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Chung Tin
- Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong-Li Li
- Experimental Center of Basic Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Jian-Feng Sui
- Experimental Center of Basic Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Guang-Yan Wu
- Experimental Center of Basic Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
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26
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Huang Y, Zhang Y, He Z, Manyande A, Wu D, Feng M, Xiang H. The connectome from the cerebral cortex to skeletal muscle using viral transneuronal tracers: a review. Am J Transl Res 2022; 14:4864-4879. [PMID: 35958450 PMCID: PMC9360884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Connectomics has developed from an initial observation under an electron microscope to the present well-known medical imaging research approach. The emergence of the most popular transneuronal tracers has further advanced connectomics research. Researchers use the virus trans-nerve tracing method to trace the whole brain, mark the brain nerve circuit and nerve connection structure, and construct a complete nerve conduction pathway. This review assesses current methods of studying cortical to muscle connections using viral neuronal tracers and demonstrates their application in disease diagnosis and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Huang
- Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430030, Hubei, P. R. China
- Department of Interventional Therapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical UniversityDalian 116000, Liaoning, P. R. China
| | - Yunhua Zhang
- Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese MedicineWuhan 430061, Hubei, P. R. China
- Clinical Medical College of Hubei University of Chinese MedicineWuhan 430061, Hubei, P. R. China
- Hubei Province Academy of Traditional Chinese MedicineWuhan 430061, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Zhigang He
- Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430030, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Anne Manyande
- School of Human and Social Sciences, University of West LondonLondon, UK
| | - Duozhi Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hainan General HospitalHaikou 570311, Hainan, P. R. China
| | - Maohui Feng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Wuhan Peritoneal Cancer Clinical Medical Research Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors and Hubei Cancer Clinical Study CenterWuhan 430071, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Hongbing Xiang
- Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430030, Hubei, P. R. China
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27
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Swanson JL, Chin PS, Romero JM, Srivastava S, Ortiz-Guzman J, Hunt PJ, Arenkiel BR. Advancements in the Quest to Map, Monitor, and Manipulate Neural Circuitry. Front Neural Circuits 2022; 16:886302. [PMID: 35719420 PMCID: PMC9204427 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2022.886302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Neural circuits and the cells that comprise them represent the functional units of the brain. Circuits relay and process sensory information, maintain homeostasis, drive behaviors, and facilitate cognitive functions such as learning and memory. Creating a functionally-precise map of the mammalian brain requires anatomically tracing neural circuits, monitoring their activity patterns, and manipulating their activity to infer function. Advancements in cell-type-specific genetic tools allow interrogation of neural circuits with increased precision. This review provides a broad overview of recombination-based and activity-driven genetic targeting approaches, contemporary viral tracing strategies, electrophysiological recording methods, newly developed calcium, and voltage indicators, and neurotransmitter/neuropeptide biosensors currently being used to investigate circuit architecture and function. Finally, it discusses methods for acute or chronic manipulation of neural activity, including genetically-targeted cellular ablation, optogenetics, chemogenetics, and over-expression of ion channels. With this ever-evolving genetic toolbox, scientists are continuing to probe neural circuits with increasing resolution, elucidating the structure and function of the incredibly complex mammalian brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L. Swanson
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Pey-Shyuan Chin
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Juan M. Romero
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Snigdha Srivastava
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Joshua Ortiz-Guzman
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Patrick J. Hunt
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Benjamin R. Arenkiel
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
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28
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Abstract
Neurons are highly interwoven to form intricate neural circuits that underlie the diverse functions of the brain. Dissecting the anatomical organization of neural circuits is key to deciphering how the brain processes information, produces thoughts, and instructs behaviors. Over the past decades, recombinant viral vectors have become the most commonly used tracing tools to define circuit architecture. In this review, we introduce the current categories of viral tools and their proper application in circuit tracing. We further discuss some advances in viral tracing strategy and prospective innovations of viral tools for future study.
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29
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Liu B, Qiao L, Liu K, Liu J, Piccinni-Ash TJ, Chen ZF. Molecular and neural basis of pleasant touch sensation. Science 2022; 376:483-491. [PMID: 35482870 DOI: 10.1126/science.abn2479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Pleasant touch provides emotional and psychological support that helps mitigate social isolation and stress. However, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Using a pleasant touch-conditioned place preference (PT-CPP) test, we show that genetic ablation of spinal excitatory interneurons expressing prokineticin receptor 2 (PROKR2), or its ligand PROK2 in sensory neurons, abolishes PT-CPP without impairing pain and itch behaviors in mice. Mutant mice display profound impairments in stress response and prosocial behaviors. Moreover, PROKR2 neurons respond most vigorously to gentle stroking and encode reward value. Collectively, we identify PROK2 as a long-sought neuropeptide that encodes and transmits pleasant touch to spinal PROKR2 neurons. These findings may have important implications for elucidating mechanisms by which pleasant touch deprivation contributes to social avoidance behavior and mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benlong Liu
- Center for the Study of Itch and Sensory Disorders and Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Lina Qiao
- Center for the Study of Itch and Sensory Disorders and Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Kun Liu
- Center for the Study of Itch and Sensory Disorders and Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Juan Liu
- Center for the Study of Itch and Sensory Disorders and Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Tyler J Piccinni-Ash
- Center for the Study of Itch and Sensory Disorders and Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Zhou-Feng Chen
- Center for the Study of Itch and Sensory Disorders and Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.,Departments of Medicine, Psychiatry, and Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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30
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Hui Y, Zheng X, Zhang H, Li F, Yu G, Li J, Zhang J, Gong X, Guo G. Strategies for Targeting Neural Circuits: How to Manipulate Neurons Using Virus Vehicles. Front Neural Circuits 2022; 16:882366. [PMID: 35571271 PMCID: PMC9099413 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2022.882366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Viral strategies are the leading methods for mapping neural circuits. Viral vehicles combined with genetic tools provide the possibility to visualize entire functional neural networks and monitor and manipulate neural circuit functions by high-resolution cell type- and projection-specific targeting. Optogenetics and chemogenetics drive brain research forward by exploring causal relationships among different brain regions. Viral strategies offer a fresh perspective for the analysis of the structure-function relationship of the neural circuitry. In this review, we summarize current and emerging viral strategies for targeting neural circuits and focus on adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Hui
- Department of Anatomy, Neuroscience Laboratory for Cognitive and Developmental Disorders, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuefeng Zheng
- Department of Anatomy, Neuroscience Laboratory for Cognitive and Developmental Disorders, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou
| | - Huijie Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, Neuroscience Laboratory for Cognitive and Developmental Disorders, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fang Li
- Department of Anatomy, Neuroscience Laboratory for Cognitive and Developmental Disorders, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou
| | - Guangyin Yu
- Department of Anatomy, Neuroscience Laboratory for Cognitive and Developmental Disorders, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou
| | - Jiong Li
- Department of Anatomy, Neuroscience Laboratory for Cognitive and Developmental Disorders, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou
| | - Jifeng Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, Neuroscience Laboratory for Cognitive and Developmental Disorders, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou
- Jifeng Zhang,
| | - Xiaobing Gong
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Xiaobing Gong,
| | - Guoqing Guo
- Department of Anatomy, Neuroscience Laboratory for Cognitive and Developmental Disorders, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou
- *Correspondence: Guoqing Guo,
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31
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Huang C, Wang Y, Chen P, Shan QH, Wang H, Ding LF, Bi GQ, Zhou JN. Single-cell reconstruction reveals input patterns and pathways into corticotropin-releasing factor neurons in the central amygdala in mice. Commun Biol 2022; 5:322. [PMID: 35388122 PMCID: PMC8986827 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03260-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) neurons are one of the most densely distributed cell types in the central amygdala (CeA), and are involved in a wide range of behaviors including anxiety and learning. However, the fundamental input circuits and patterns of CeA-CRF neurons are still unclear. Here, we generate a monosynaptic-input map onto CeA-CRF neurons at single-cell resolution via a retrograde rabies-virus system. We find all inputs are located in 44 nested subregions that directly innervate CeA-CRF neurons; most of them are top-down convergent inputs expressing Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II, and are centralized in cortex, especially in the layer 4 of the somatosensory cortex, which may directly relay information from the thalamus. While the bottom-up divergent inputs have the highest proportion of glutamate decarboxylase expression. Finally, en passant structures of single input neuron are revealed by in-situ reconstruction in a modified 3D-reference atlas, represented by a Periaqueductal gray-Subparafascicular nucleus-Subthalamic nucleus-Globus pallidus-Caudoputamen-CeA pathway. Taken together, our findings provide morphological and connectivity properties of inputs onto CeA-CRF neurons, which may provide insights for future studies interrogating circuit mechanisms of CeA-CRF neurons in mediating various functions. Viral retrograde tracing identifies input regions and patterns into the corticotropin releasing factor-expressing neurons in central amygdala, providing an important resource to disentangle the role of these cells in fear and anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Huang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, PR China. .,Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yu Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, PR China.,Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, PR China.,Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing-Hong Shan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, PR China.,Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Brain-inspired Intelligence Technology and Application, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei, China
| | - Lu-Feng Ding
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, PR China.,Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Guo-Qiang Bi
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, PR China.,Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiang-Ning Zhou
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, PR China. .,Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
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Luo W, Yun D, Hu Y, Tian M, Yang J, Xu Y, Tang Y, Zhan Y, Xie H, Guan JS. Acquiring new memories in neocortex of hippocampal-lesioned mice. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1601. [PMID: 35332120 PMCID: PMC8948206 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29208-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The hippocampus interacts with the neocortical network for memory retrieval and consolidation. Here, we found the lateral entorhinal cortex (LEC) modulates learning-induced cortical long-range gamma synchrony (20–40 Hz) in a hippocampal-dependent manner. The long-range gamma synchrony, which was coupled to the theta (7–10 Hz) rhythm and enhanced upon learning and recall, was mediated by inter-cortical projections from layer 5 neurons of the LEC to layer 2 neurons of the sensory and association cortices. Artificially induced cortical gamma synchrony across cortical areas improved memory encoding in hippocampal lesioned mice for originally hippocampal-dependent tasks. Mechanistically, we found that activities of cortical c-Fos labeled neurons, which showed egocentric map properties, were modulated by LEC-mediated gamma synchrony during memory recall, implicating a role of cortical synchrony to generate an integrative memory representation from disperse features. Our findings reveal the hippocampal mediated organization of cortical memories and suggest brain-machine interface approaches to improve cognitive function. Hippocampal lesioned mice form new memories. Here, the authors show the lateral entorhinal cortex modulates learning-induced cortical long-range gamma synchrony in a hippocampal-dependent manner and artificially induced cortical gamma synchrony across cortical areas improved memory encoding in hippocampal lesioned mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhan Luo
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, 201210, Shanghai, China
| | - Di Yun
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, 201210, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Hu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, 201210, Shanghai, China
| | - Miaomiao Tian
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, 201210, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiajun Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Yifan Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Tang
- Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 518055, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yang Zhan
- Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 518055, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hong Xie
- Institute of Photonic Chips, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 200093, Shanghai, China.,Centre for Artificial-Intelligence Nanophotonics, School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Ji-Song Guan
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, 201210, Shanghai, China. .,CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China.
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Li Y, Wei Y, Li G, Huang S, Xu J, Ding Q, Hong J. Targeting NECTIN-1 Based on CRISPR/Cas9 System Attenuated the Herpes Simplex Virus Infection in Human Corneal Epithelial Cells In Vitro. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2022; 11:8. [PMID: 35119473 PMCID: PMC8819356 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.11.2.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Viral keratitis caused by herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) is a lifelong recurring disease and an unignored cause of blindness worldwide. Current antiviral therapy cannot eliminate the transcriptionally silent HSV-1 in latently infected patients. With the explosive applications of the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated nuclease (Cas) 9 gene-editing system in recent years, we aim to develop a CRISPR/Cas9 system targeting down the major HSV receptor, NECTIN-1 on human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs), to provide a novel strategy for herpes simplex keratitis (HSK) treatment. METHODS The selected single guide RNAs (sgRNAs) targeting human nectin cell adhesion molecule 1 (NECTIN-1), together with Cas-9, were assembled into lentivirus. HCECs were infected with Lenti-Cas9-gRNAs to establish NECTIN-1 knockdown cells. Following HSV-green fluorescent protein (GFP) infection, cell survival and virus infection were determined by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. Relative HSV DNA amount was also compared through quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Lentivirus packaged with the CRISPR/Cas9 system and the two selected sgRNAs both successfully edited down the protein levels of NECTIN-1 of HCECs. After HSV-GFP infection, the infection rate of HCECs in knockdown groups dramatically decreased, especially in the NECTIN-1 knockdown group 1. In addition, the relative HSV DNA amount of both knockdown groups was only 30% when compared with the control group. CONCLUSIONS We successfully knocked down the NECTIN-1 expression in vitro by the CRISPR/Cas9 system, which alleviated the HSV infection in HCECs. TRANSLATIONAL RELEVANCE This study offered a promising target for the cure of HSK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Li
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuda Wei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Gang Li
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, China
| | - Shiqian Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianjiang Xu
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiurong Ding
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaxu Hong
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, China
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A novel H129-based anterograde monosynaptic tracer exhibits features of strong labeling intensity, high tracing efficiency, and reduced retrograde labeling. Mol Neurodegener 2022; 17:6. [PMID: 35012591 PMCID: PMC8744342 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-021-00508-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Viral tracers are important tools for mapping brain connectomes. The feature of predominant anterograde transneuronal transmission offers herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) strain H129 (HSV1-H129) as a promising candidate to be developed as anterograde viral tracers. In our earlier studies, we developed H129-derived anterograde polysynaptic tracers and TK deficient (H129-dTK) monosynaptic tracers. However, their broad application is limited by some intrinsic drawbacks of the H129-dTK tracers, such as low labeling intensity due to TK deficiency and potential retrograde labeling caused by axon terminal invasion. The glycoprotein K (gK) of HSV-1 plays important roles in virus entry, egress, and virus-induced cell fusion. Its deficiency severely disables virus egress and spread, while only slightly limits viral genome replication and expression of viral proteins. Therefore, we created a novel H129-derived anterograde monosynaptic tracer (H129-dgK) by targeting gK, which overcomes the limitations of H129-dTK. Methods Using our established platform and pipeline for developing viral tracers, we generated a novel tracer by deleting the gK gene from the H129-G4. The gK-deleted virus (H129-dgK-G4) was reconstituted and propagated in the Vero cell expressing wildtype H129 gK (gKwt) or the mutant gK (gKmut, A40V, C82S, M223I, L224V, V309M), respectively. Then the obtained viral tracers of gKmut pseudotyped and gKwt coated H129-dgK-G4 were tested in vitro and in vivo to characterize their tracing properties. Results H129-dgK-G4 expresses high levels of fluorescent proteins, eliminating the requirement of immunostaining for imaging detection. Compared to the TK deficient monosynaptic tracer H129-dTK-G4, H129-dgK-G4 labeled neurons with 1.76-fold stronger fluorescence intensity, and visualized 2.00-fold more postsynaptic neurons in the downstream brain regions. gKmut pseudotyping leads to a 77% decrease in retrograde labeling by reducing axon terminal invasion, and thus dramatically improves the anterograde-specific tracing of H129-dgK-G4. In addition, assisted by the AAV helper trans-complementarily expressing gKwt, H129-dgK-G4 allows for mapping monosynaptic connections and quantifying the circuit connectivity difference in the Alzheimer’s disease and control mouse brains. Conclusions gKmut pseudotyped H129-dgK-G4, a novel anterograde monosynaptic tracer, overcomes the limitations of H129-dTK tracers, and demonstrates desirable features of strong labeling intensity, high tracing efficiency, and improved anterograde specificity. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13024-021-00508-6.
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Li J, Cheng C, Lin T, Xue R, Liu X, Wu K. Efficacy of sodium polyanethol sulfonate on herpes simplex virus-1 infection in vitro. Mol Vis 2022; 28:516-525. [PMID: 37089702 PMCID: PMC10115364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the effect of sodium polyanethol sulfonate (SPS) on herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection in vitro. Methods Human corneal epithelial (HCE-T) cells and Vero cells were infected with HSV-1 [HSV-1 f strain, HSV-1f; HSV-1-H129 with green fluorescent protein (GFP) knock-in, HSV-1g]. SPS was added to the culture medium at various concentrations in time-of-addition assay. Experiments including photography of fluorescence in HSV-1g or plaque formation by HSV-1f, western blot assays, real-time RT-PCR assays, cytopathic effect inhibition assays, cytotoxicity assays, and viral absorption and penetration assays were performed to explore the antiviral effect and mechanism of the compounds. Results We identified that SPS reduced the replication of HSV-1 in HCE-T and Vero cells in a dose-dependent manner. HSV-1g fluorescence was reduced by 66.3% and 65.4% in HCE-T and Vero cells, respectively, after treatment with 0.4 µg/ml SPS. Furthermore, the viral fluorescence intensities were inhibited by SPS in a dose-dependent manner when the viruses or cells were preincubated with SPS. Relative levels of the ICP4 protein and VP16 mRNA were decreased by SPS in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, the IC50 values of SPS for HSV-1g and HSV-1f in HCE-T cells were 0.69±0.09 μg/ml and 1.63±0.44 μg/ml, respectively. Even 10,000 µg/ml SPS had no obvious cytotoxicity toward HCE-T and Vero cells. Importantly, viral absorption and penetration assays showed that the relative fluorescence intensity of HSV-1g was significantly reduced by SPS in a dose-dependent manner in the absorption test, but no change was observed in the penetration test. Conclusions SPS inhibits HSV-1 replication in HCE-T and Vero cells, indicating that SPS has the potential for treating HSV-1 infection, particularly HSV-1 keratitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Li
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chao Cheng
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tianlan Lin
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ran Xue
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiuping Liu
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kaili Wu
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
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Emerging strategies for the genetic dissection of gene functions, cell types, and neural circuits in the mammalian brain. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:422-435. [PMID: 34561609 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01292-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The mammalian brain is composed of a large number of highly diverse cell types with different molecular, anatomical, and functional features. Distinct cellular identities are generated during development under the regulation of intricate genetic programs and manifested through unique combinations of gene expression. Recent advancements in our understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the assembly, function, and pathology of the brain circuitry depend on the invention and application of genetic strategies that engage intrinsic gene regulatory mechanisms. Here we review the strategies for gene regulation on DNA, RNA, and protein levels and their applications in cell type targeting and neural circuit dissection. We highlight newly emerged strategies and emphasize the importance of combinatorial approaches. We also discuss the potential caveats and pitfalls in current methods and suggest future prospects to improve their comprehensiveness and versatility.
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Jing W, Zhang T, Liu J, Huang X, Yu Q, Yu H, Zhang Q, Li H, Deng M, Zhu LQ, Du H, Lu Y. A circuit of COCH neurons encodes social-stress-induced anxiety via MTF1 activation of Cacna1h. Cell Rep 2021; 37:110177. [PMID: 34965426 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The hippocampus is a temporal lobe structure critical for cognition, such as learning, memory, and attention, as well as emotional responses. Hippocampal dysfunction can lead to persistent anxiety and/or depression. However, how millions of neurons in the hippocampus are molecularly and structurally organized to engage their divergent functions remains unknown. Here, we genetically target a subset of neurons expressing the coagulation factor c homolog (COCH) gene. COCH-expressing neurons or COCH neurons are topographically segregated in the distal region of the ventral CA3 hippocampus and express Mtf1 and Cacna1h. MTF1 activation of Cacna1h transcription in COCH neurons encodes the ability of COCH neurons to burst action potentials and cause social-stress-induced anxiety-like behaviors by synapsing directly with a subset of GABAergic inhibitory neurons in the lateral septum. Together, this study provides a molecular and circuitry-based framework for understanding how COCH neurons in the hippocampus are assembled to engage social behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Jing
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Wuhan Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Tongmei Zhang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Wuhan Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Jiaying Liu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Wuhan Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xian Huang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Wuhan Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Quntao Yu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Wuhan Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Hongyan Yu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Wuhan Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Qingping Zhang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Wuhan Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Wuhan Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Manfei Deng
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Wuhan Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Ling-Qiang Zhu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Wuhan Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Huiyun Du
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Wuhan Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Youming Lu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Wuhan Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
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Zhang F, Wu LB, Yu Q, Wang MJ, Zeng XL, Wei XT, Wu ZJ, Cai RL, Hu L. Neurotropic Viruses as a Tool for Neural Circuit-Tracing. NEUROCHEM J+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1819712421040176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Anterograde transneuronal tracing and genetic control with engineered yellow fever vaccine YFV-17D. Nat Methods 2021; 18:1542-1551. [PMID: 34824475 PMCID: PMC8665090 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-021-01319-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Transneuronal viruses are powerful tools for tracing neuronal circuits or delivering genes to specific neurons in the brain. While there are multiple retrograde viruses, few anterograde viruses are available. Further, available anterograde viruses often have limitations such as retrograde transport, high neuronal toxicity or weak signals. We developed an anterograde viral system based on a live attenuated vaccine for yellow fever-YFV-17D. Replication- or packaging-deficient mutants of YFV-17D can be reconstituted in the brain, leading to efficient synapse-specific and anterograde-only transneuronal spreading, which can be controlled to achieve either monosynaptic or polysynaptic tracing. Moreover, inducible transient replication of YFV-17D mutant is sufficient to induce permanent transneuronal genetic modifications without causing neuronal toxicity. The engineered YFV-17D systems can be used to express fluorescent markers, sensors or effectors in downstream neurons, thus providing versatile tools for mapping and functionally controlling neuronal circuits.
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Lin X, Amalraj M, Blanton C, Avila B, Holmes TC, Nitz DA, Xu X. Noncanonical projections to the hippocampal CA3 regulate spatial learning and memory by modulating the feedforward hippocampal trisynaptic pathway. PLoS Biol 2021; 19:e3001127. [PMID: 34928938 PMCID: PMC8741299 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The hippocampal formation (HF) is well documented as having a feedforward, unidirectional circuit organization termed the trisynaptic pathway. This circuit organization exists along the septotemporal axis of the HF, but the circuit connectivity across septal to temporal regions is less well described. The emergence of viral genetic mapping techniques enhances our ability to determine the detailed complexity of HF circuitry. In earlier work, we mapped a subiculum (SUB) back projection to CA1 prompted by the discovery of theta wave back propagation from the SUB to CA1 and CA3. We reason that this circuitry may represent multiple extended noncanonical pathways involving the subicular complex and hippocampal subregions CA1 and CA3. In the present study, multiple retrograde viral tracing approaches produced robust mapping results, which supports this prediction. We find significant noncanonical synaptic inputs to dorsal hippocampal CA3 from ventral CA1 (vCA1), perirhinal cortex (Prh), and the subicular complex. Thus, CA1 inputs to CA3 run opposite the trisynaptic pathway and in a temporal to septal direction. Our retrograde viral tracing results are confirmed by anterograde-directed viral mapping of projections from input mapped regions to hippocampal dorsal CA3 (dCA3). We find that genetic inactivation of the projection of vCA1 to dCA3 impairs object-related spatial learning and memory but does not modulate anxiety-related behaviors. Our data provide a circuit foundation to explore novel functional roles contributed by these noncanonical hippocampal circuit connections to hippocampal circuit dynamics and learning and memory behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Lin
- Department Anatomy & Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Michelle Amalraj
- Department Anatomy & Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Crisylle Blanton
- Department Anatomy & Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Brenda Avila
- Department Anatomy & Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Todd C. Holmes
- Department Physiology & Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California, United States of America
- The Center for Neural Circuit Mapping, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Douglas A. Nitz
- The Center for Neural Circuit Mapping, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
- Department of Cognitive Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Xiangmin Xu
- Department Anatomy & Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California, United States of America
- The Center for Neural Circuit Mapping, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
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Li X, Chen W, Huang X, Jing W, Zhang T, Yu Q, Yu H, Li H, Tian Q, Ding Y, Lu Y. Synaptic dysfunction of Aldh1a1 neurons in the ventral tegmental area causes impulsive behaviors. Mol Neurodegener 2021; 16:73. [PMID: 34702328 PMCID: PMC8549305 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-021-00494-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aldh1a1 neurons are a subtype of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) inhibitory neurons that use Aldh1a1 rather than glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) as an enzyme for synthesizing GABA transmitters. However, the behaviors and circuits of this newly identified subtype of inhibitory interneurons remain unknown. Methods We generated a mutant mouse line in which cyclization recombination enzyme (CRE) was expressed under the control of the Aldh1a1 promotor (Aldh1a1-CRE mice). Using this mutant strain of mice together with the heterozygous male Alzheimer’s disease (AD) related model mice (APPswe/PSEN1dE9, or AD mice) and a genetically modified retrograde and anterograde synaptic tracing strategy, we have studied a specific synaptic circuit of Aldh1a1 neurons with system-level function and disease progression in AD mice. Results We demonstrate that Aldh1a1 neurons encode delay of gratification that measures self-control skills in decision making by projecting inhibitory synapses directly onto excitatory glutamate neurons in the intermediate lateral septum (EGNIS) and receiving synaptic inputs from layer 5b pyramidal neurons in the medial prefrontal cortex (L5PN). L5PN → Aldh1a1 synaptic transmission undergoes long-term potentiation (LTP). Pathway specific inhibition by either genetic silencing presynaptic terminals or antagonizing postsynaptic receptors impairs delay of gratification, resulting in the impulsive behaviors. Further studies show that reconstitution of Aldh1a1-deficient neurons with the expression of exogenous Aldh1a1 (eAldh1a1) restores Aldh1a1 → EGNIS synaptic transmission and rescues the impulsive behaviors in AD mice. Conclusions These results not only identify a specific function and circuit of Aldh1a1 neurons but also provide a cellular point of entry to an important but understudied synaptic mechanism for the induction of impulsive behaviors at an early stage of AD. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13024-021-00494-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyan Li
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 4030030, China.,Wuhan Center of Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Wenting Chen
- Wuhan Center of Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.,Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xian Huang
- Wuhan Center of Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.,Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Wei Jing
- Wuhan Center of Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.,Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Tongmei Zhang
- Wuhan Center of Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.,Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Quntao Yu
- Wuhan Center of Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.,Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Hongyan Yu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 4030030, China.,Wuhan Center of Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Hao Li
- Wuhan Center of Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.,Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Qing Tian
- Wuhan Center of Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.,Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yumei Ding
- Wuhan Center of Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China. .,Department of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Youming Lu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 4030030, China. .,Wuhan Center of Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China. .,Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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Lv X, Gao F, Li TP, Xue P, Wang X, Wan M, Hu B, Chen H, Jain A, Shao Z, Cao X. Skeleton interoception regulates bone and fat metabolism through hypothalamic neuroendocrine NPY. eLife 2021; 10:e70324. [PMID: 34468315 PMCID: PMC8439655 DOI: 10.7554/elife.70324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The central nervous system regulates activity of peripheral organs through interoception. In our previous study, we have demonstrated that PGE2/EP4 skeleton interception regulate bone homeostasis. Here, we show that ascending skeleton interoceptive signaling downregulates expression of hypothalamic neuropeptide Y (NPY) and induce lipolysis of adipose tissue for osteoblastic bone formation. Specifically, the ascending skeleton interoceptive signaling induces expression of small heterodimer partner-interacting leucine zipper protein (SMILE) in the hypothalamus. SMILE binds to pCREB as a transcriptional heterodimer on Npy promoters to inhibit NPY expression. Knockout of EP4 in sensory nerve increases expression of NPY causing bone catabolism and fat anabolism. Importantly, inhibition of NPY Y1 receptor (Y1R) accelerated oxidation of free fatty acids in osteoblasts and rescued bone loss in AvilCre:Ptger4fl/fl mice. Thus, downregulation of hypothalamic NPY expression lipolyzes free fatty acids for anabolic bone formation through a neuroendocrine descending interoceptive regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Lv
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Institute of Cell Engineering, and Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreUnited States
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Institute of Cell Engineering, and Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreUnited States
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Tuo Peter Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Institute of Cell Engineering, and Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Peng Xue
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Institute of Cell Engineering, and Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Institute of Cell Engineering, and Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Mei Wan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Institute of Cell Engineering, and Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Bo Hu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Institute of Cell Engineering, and Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Institute of Cell Engineering, and Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Amit Jain
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Institute of Cell Engineering, and Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Zengwu Shao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Xu Cao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Institute of Cell Engineering, and Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreUnited States
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GABAergic Neurons in the Dorsal-Intermediate Lateral Septum Regulate Sleep-Wakefulness and Anesthesia in Mice. Anesthesiology 2021; 135:463-481. [PMID: 34259824 DOI: 10.1097/aln.0000000000003868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The γ-aminobutyric acid-mediated (GABAergic) inhibitory system in the brain is critical for regulation of sleep-wake and general anesthesia. The lateral septum contains mainly GABAergic neurons, being cytoarchitectonically divided into the dorsal, intermediate, and ventral parts. This study hypothesized that GABAergic neurons of the lateral septum participate in the control of wakefulness and promote recovery from anesthesia. METHODS By employing fiber photometry, chemogenetic and optogenetic neuronal manipulations, anterograde tracing, in vivo electrophysiology, and electroencephalogram/electromyography recordings in adult male mice, the authors measured the role of lateral septum GABAergic neurons to the control of sleep-wake transition and anesthesia emergence and the corresponding neuron circuits in arousal and emergence control. RESULTS The GABAergic neurons of the lateral septum exhibited high activities during the awake state by in vivo fiber photometry recordings (awake vs. non-rapid eye movement sleep: 3.3 ± 1.4% vs. -1.3 ± 1.2%, P < 0.001, n = 7 mice/group; awake vs. anesthesia: 2.6 ± 1.2% vs. -1.3 ± 0.8%, P < 0.001, n = 7 mice/group). Using chemogenetic stimulation of lateral septum GABAergic neurons resulted in a 100.5% increase in wakefulness and a 51.2% reduction in non-rapid eye movement sleep. Optogenetic activation of these GABAergic neurons promoted wakefulness from sleep (median [25th, 75th percentiles]: 153.0 [115.9, 179.7] s to 4.0 [3.4, 4.6] s, P = 0.009, n = 5 mice/group) and accelerated emergence from isoflurane anesthesia (514.4 ± 122.2 s vs. 226.5 ± 53.3 s, P < 0.001, n = 8 mice/group). Furthermore, the authors demonstrated that the lateral septum GABAergic neurons send 70.7% (228 of 323 cells) of monosynaptic projections to the ventral tegmental area GABAergic neurons, preferentially inhibiting their activities and thus regulating wakefulness and isoflurane anesthesia depth. CONCLUSIONS The results uncover a fundamental role of the lateral septum GABAergic neurons and their circuit in maintaining awake state and promoting general anesthesia emergence time. EDITOR’S PERSPECTIVE
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Yang H, Xiong F, Song YG, Jiang HF, Qin HB, Zhou J, Lu S, Grieco SF, Xu X, Zeng WB, Zhao F, Luo MH. HSV-1 H129-Derived Anterograde Neural Circuit Tracers: Improvements, Production, and Applications. Neurosci Bull 2021; 37:701-719. [PMID: 33367996 PMCID: PMC8099975 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-020-00614-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Anterograde viral tracers are powerful and essential tools for dissecting the output targets of a brain region of interest. They have been developed from herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) strain H129 (H129), and have been successfully applied to map diverse neural circuits. Initially, the anterograde polysynaptic tracer H129-G4 was used by many groups. We then developed the first monosynaptic tracer, H129-dTK-tdT, which was highly successful, yet improvements are needed. Now, by inserting another tdTomato expression cassette into the H129-dTK-tdT genome, we have created H129-dTK-T2, an updated version of H129-dTK-tdT that has improved labeling intensity. To help scientists produce and apply our H129-derived viral tracers, here we provide the protocol describing our detailed and standardized procedures. Commonly-encountered technical problems and their solutions are also discussed in detail. Broadly, the dissemination of this protocol will greatly support scientists to apply these viral tracers on a large scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Feng Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yi-Ge Song
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hai-Fei Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hai-Bin Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Sha Lu
- Shanghai Genechem Co. Ltd., Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Steven F Grieco
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Xiangmin Xu
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Wen-Bo Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China.
| | - Fei Zhao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, 102206, China.
| | - Min-Hua Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Weinholtz CA, Castle MJ. Intersectional targeting of defined neural circuits by adeno-associated virus vectors. J Neurosci Res 2021; 99:981-990. [PMID: 33341969 PMCID: PMC8786212 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian nervous system is a complex network of interconnected cells. We review emerging techniques that use the axonal transport of adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors to dissect neural circuits. These intersectional approaches specifically target AAV-mediated gene expression to discrete neuron populations based on their axonal connectivity, including: (a) neurons with one defined output, (b) neurons with one defined input, (c) neurons with one defined input and one defined output, and (d) neurons with two defined inputs or outputs. The number of labeled neurons can be directly controlled to trace axonal projections and examine cellular morphology. These approaches can precisely target the expression of fluorescent reporters, optogenetic ion channels, chemogenetic receptors, disease-associated proteins, and other factors to defined neural circuits in mammals ranging from mice to macaques, and thereby provide a powerful new means to understand the structure and function of the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chase A. Weinholtz
- Laboratory of Behavioral and Genomic Neuroscience, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michael J. Castle
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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46
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Richards P, Thornberry NA, Pinto S. The gut-brain axis: Identifying new therapeutic approaches for type 2 diabetes, obesity, and related disorders. Mol Metab 2021; 46:101175. [PMID: 33548501 PMCID: PMC8085592 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The gut-brain axis, which mediates bidirectional communication between the gastrointestinal system and central nervous system (CNS), plays a fundamental role in multiple areas of physiology including regulating appetite, metabolism, and gastrointestinal function. The biology of the gut-brain axis is central to the efficacy of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1)-based therapies, which are now leading treatments for type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and obesity. This success and research to suggest a much broader role of gut-brain circuits in physiology and disease has led to increasing interest in targeting such circuits to discover new therapeutics. However, our current knowledge of this biology is limited, largely because the scientific tools have not been available to enable a detailed mechanistic understanding of gut-brain communication. SCOPE OF REVIEW In this review, we provide an overview of the current understanding of how sensory information from the gastrointestinal system is communicated to the central nervous system, with an emphasis on circuits involved in regulating feeding and metabolism. We then describe how recent technologies are enabling a better understanding of this system at a molecular level and how this information is leading to novel insights into gut-brain communication. We also discuss current therapeutic approaches that leverage the gut-brain axis to treat diabetes, obesity, and related disorders and describe potential novel approaches that have been enabled by recent advances in the field. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS The gut-brain axis is intimately involved in regulating glucose homeostasis and appetite, and this system plays a key role in mediating the efficacy of therapeutics that have had a major impact on treating T2DM and obesity. Research into the gut-brain axis has historically largely focused on studying individual components in this system, but new technologies are now enabling a better understanding of how signals from these components are orchestrated to regulate metabolism. While this work reveals a complexity of signaling even greater than previously appreciated, new insights are already being leveraged to explore fundamentally new approaches to treating metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Richards
- Kallyope, Inc., 430 East 29th, Street, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
| | | | - Shirly Pinto
- Kallyope, Inc., 430 East 29th, Street, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
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47
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Localization of the WD repeat-containing protein 5 to the Virion Assembly Compartment Facilitates Human Cytomegalovirus Assembly. J Virol 2021; 95:JVI.02101-20. [PMID: 33504601 PMCID: PMC8103678 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02101-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) utilizes the cellular protein WD repeat-containing protein 5 (WDR5) to facilitate capsid nuclear egress. Here, we further show that HCMV infection results in WDR5 localization in a juxtanuclear region, and that its localization to this cellular site is associated with viral replication and late viral gene expression. Furthermore, WDR5 accumulated in the virion assembly compartment (vAC) and co-localized with vAC markers of gamma-tubulin (γ-tubulin), early endosomes, and viral vAC marker proteins pp65, pp28, and glycoprotein B (gB). WDR5 co-immunoprecipitated with multiple virion proteins, including MCP, pp150, pp65, pIRS1, and pTRS1, which may explain WDR5 accumulation in the vAC during infection. WDR5 fractionated with virions either in the presence or absence of Triton X-100 and was present in purified viral particles, suggesting that WDR5 was incorporated into HCMV virions. Thus, WDR5 localized to the vAC and was incorporated into virions, raising the possibility that in addition to capsid nuclear egress, WDR5 could also participate in cytoplasmic HCMV virion morphogenesis.Importance Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) has a large (∼235-kb) genome that contains over 170 ORFs and exploits numerous cellular factors to facilitate its replication. In the late phase of HCMV infection cytoplasmic membranes are reorganized to establish the virion assembly compartment (vAC), which has been shown to necessary for efficient assembly of progeny virions. We previously reported that WDR5 facilitates HCMV nuclear egress. Here, we show that WDR5 is localized to the vAC and incorporated into virions, perhaps contributing to efficient virion maturation. Thus, findings in this study identified a potential role for WDR5 in HCMV assembly in the cytoplasmic phase of virion morphogenesis.
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Chadney OMT, Blankvoort S, Grimstvedt JS, Utz A, Kentros CG. Multiplexing viral approaches to the study of the neuronal circuits. J Neurosci Methods 2021; 357:109142. [PMID: 33753126 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2021.109142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Neural circuits are composed of multitudes of elaborately interconnected cell types. Understanding neural circuit function requires not only cell-specific knowledge of connectivity, but the ability to record and manipulate distinct cell types independently. Recent advances in viral vectors promise the requisite specificity to perform true "circuit-breaking" experiments. However, such new avenues of multiplexed, cell-specific investigation raise new technical issues: one must ensure that both the viral vectors and their transgene payloads do not overlap with each other in both an anatomical and a functional sense. This review describes benefits and issues regarding the use of viral vectors to analyse the function of neural circuits and provides a resource for the design and implementation of such multiplexing experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar M T Chadney
- Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience and Centre for Neural Computation, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Stefan Blankvoort
- Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience and Centre for Neural Computation, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Joachim S Grimstvedt
- Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience and Centre for Neural Computation, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Annika Utz
- Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience and Centre for Neural Computation, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Clifford G Kentros
- Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience and Centre for Neural Computation, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway.
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49
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Li X, Chen W, Yu Q, Zhang Q, Zhang T, Huang X, Li H, He A, Yu H, Jing W, Du H, Ke X, Zhang B, Tian Q, Liu R, Lu Y. A circuit of mossy cells controls the efficacy of memory retrieval by Gria2I inhibition of Gria2. Cell Rep 2021; 34:108741. [PMID: 33596426 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.108741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mossy cells (MCs) are a unique group of excitatory neurons in the hippocampus, a brain region important for emotion, learning, and memory. Due to the lack of a reliable method to isolate MCs from other cell types, how MCs integrate neural information and convey it to their synaptic targets for engaging a specific function are still unknown. Here, we report that MCs control the efficacy of spatial memory retrieval by synapsing directly onto local somatostatin-expressing (SST) cells. MC-SST synaptic transmission undergoes long-term potentiation (LTP), requiring Gria2-lacking Ca2+-permeable anti-α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-propionic acid (AMPA) receptor (Ca2+AR). A long noncoding RNA (Gria2I) is associated with Gria2 transcriptional repressors in SST cells. Silencing Gria2I induces Gria2 transcription, blocks LTP of MCs-SST synaptic transmission, and reduces the efficacy of memory retrieval. Thus, MCs directly and functionally innervate local SST neurons, and this innervation controls the efficacy of spatial memory retrieval by Gria2I inhibition of Gria2 transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyan Li
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 4030030, China; Institute for Brain Research, Wuhan Center of Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Wenting Chen
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 4030030, China; Institute for Brain Research, Wuhan Center of Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Quntao Yu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 4030030, China; Institute for Brain Research, Wuhan Center of Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Qingping Zhang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 4030030, China; Institute for Brain Research, Wuhan Center of Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Tongmei Zhang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 4030030, China; Institute for Brain Research, Wuhan Center of Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xian Huang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 4030030, China; Institute for Brain Research, Wuhan Center of Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 4030030, China; Institute for Brain Research, Wuhan Center of Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Aodi He
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 4030030, China; Institute for Brain Research, Wuhan Center of Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Hongyan Yu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 4030030, China; Institute for Brain Research, Wuhan Center of Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Wei Jing
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 4030030, China; Institute for Brain Research, Wuhan Center of Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Huiyun Du
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 4030030, China; Institute for Brain Research, Wuhan Center of Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xiao Ke
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 4030030, China; Institute for Brain Research, Wuhan Center of Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 4030030, China; Institute for Brain Research, Wuhan Center of Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Qing Tian
- Institute for Brain Research, Wuhan Center of Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Rong Liu
- Institute for Brain Research, Wuhan Center of Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Youming Lu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 4030030, China; Institute for Brain Research, Wuhan Center of Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
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Zhang ZD, Xiong TC, Yao SQ, Wei MC, Chen M, Lin D, Zhong B. RNF115 plays dual roles in innate antiviral responses by catalyzing distinct ubiquitination of MAVS and MITA. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5536. [PMID: 33139700 PMCID: PMC7606512 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19318-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
MAVS and MITA are essential adaptor proteins mediating innate antiviral immune responses against RNA and DNA viruses, respectively. Here we show that RNF115 plays dual roles in response to RNA or DNA virus infections by catalyzing distinct types of ubiquitination of MAVS and MITA at different phases of viral infection. RNF115 constitutively interacts with and induces K48-linked ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of homeostatic MAVS in uninfected cells, whereas associates with and catalyzes K63-linked ubiquitination of MITA after HSV-1 infection. Consistently, the protein levels of MAVS are substantially increased in Rnf115−/− organs or cells without viral infection, and HSV-1-induced aggregation of MITA is impaired in Rnf115−/− cells compared to the wild-type counterparts. Consequently, the Rnf115−/− mice exhibit hypo- and hyper-sensitivity to EMCV and HSV-1 infection, respectively. These findings highlight dual regulation of cellular antiviral responses by RNF115-mediated ubiquitination of MAVS and MITA and contribute to our understanding of innate immune signaling. MAVS and MITA are adapter proteins that play distinct roles in the context of the host response to RNA and DNA viruses, respectively. Here the authors implicate RNF115 in dual temporal and spatial mechanisms of interacting and catalyzing distinct ubiquitination of MAVS and MITA to modulate RNA and DNA antiviral immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Dong Zhang
- Department of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 430071, Wuhan, China.,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 430071, Wuhan, China.,Department of Immunology, Medical Research Institute and Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, 430072, Wuhan, China
| | - Tian-Chen Xiong
- Department of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 430071, Wuhan, China.,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 430071, Wuhan, China.,Department of Immunology, Medical Research Institute and Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, 430072, Wuhan, China
| | - Shu-Qi Yao
- Department of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 430071, Wuhan, China.,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 430071, Wuhan, China.,Department of Immunology, Medical Research Institute and Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, 430072, Wuhan, China
| | - Ming-Cong Wei
- Department of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 430071, Wuhan, China.,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 430071, Wuhan, China.,Department of Immunology, Medical Research Institute and Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, 430072, Wuhan, China
| | - Ming Chen
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 430071, Wuhan, China
| | - Dandan Lin
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 430060, Wuhan, China
| | - Bo Zhong
- Department of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 430071, Wuhan, China. .,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 430071, Wuhan, China. .,Department of Immunology, Medical Research Institute and Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, 430072, Wuhan, China.
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