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Wu JX, Jia L, Li Y, Liu Q, Zhang YY, Zhang J, Jia YR, Fan Z. The interplay of psychological resilience and adolescent mobile phone addiction in Henan province, China: insights from latent class analysis. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1386500. [PMID: 38966703 PMCID: PMC11223649 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1386500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to classify distinct subgroups of adolescents based on the severity levels of their mobile phone addiction and to investigate how these groups differed in terms of their psychosocial characteristics. We surveyed a total of 2,230 adolescents using three different questionnaires to assess the severity of their mobile phone addiction, stress, anxiety, depression, psychological resilience, and personality. Latent class analysis was employed to identify the subgroups, and we utilized Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves and multinomial logistic regression for statistical analysis. All data analyses were conducted using SPSS 26.0 and Mplus 8.5. Methods We classified the subjects into subgroups based on their mobile phone addiction severity, and the results revealed a clear pattern with a three-class model based on the likelihood level of mobile phone addiction (p < 0.05). We examined common trends in psychosocial traits such as age, grade at school, parental education level, anxiety levels, and resilience. ROC analysis of sensitivity versus 1-specificity for various mobile phone addiction index (MPAI) scores yielded an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.893 (95% CI, 0.879 to 0.905, p < 0.001). We also determined diagnostic value indices for potential cutoff points ranging from 8 to 40. The optimal cutoff value for MPAI was found to be >14, which corresponded to the maximum Youden index (Youden index = 0.751). Results The latent classification process in this research confirmed the existence of three distinct mobile phone user groups. We also examined the psychosocial characteristics that varied in relation to the severity levels of addiction. Conclusion This study provides valuable insights into the categorization of adolescents based on the severity of mobile phone addiction and sheds light on the psychosocial characteristics associated with different addiction levels. These findings are expected to enhance our understanding of mobile phone addiction traits and stimulate further research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Xiao Wu
- School of Nursing, Nanyang Medical College, Nanyang, Henan, China
| | - Lin Jia
- Faculty of Business, Economics and Law, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Yan Li
- School of Nursing, Nanyang Medical College, Nanyang, Henan, China
| | - Qian Liu
- School of Nursing, Nanyang Medical College, Nanyang, Henan, China
| | - Ying Ying Zhang
- School of Nursing, Nanyang Medical College, Nanyang, Henan, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- School of Nursing, Nanyang Medical College, Nanyang, Henan, China
| | | | - Zhen Fan
- School of Nursing, Nanyang Medical College, Nanyang, Henan, China
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Closson K, Zharima C, Kuchena TM, Dietrich JJ, Ogilvie G, Raj A, Beksinska M, Kaida A. Relationship impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown restrictions on young women and men in Durban and Soweto, South Africa. CULTURE, HEALTH & SEXUALITY 2024; 26:734-746. [PMID: 37584715 DOI: 10.1080/13691058.2023.2243300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
To deepen our understanding of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on intimate and/or sexual relationships, we conducted a qualitative study among 26 South African women and men aged 21-30 years in Durban and Soweto between September 2020 and March 2021. Overall, 13 women and 12 men who had been in an intimate and/or sexual relationship since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic were asked about the impact of COVID-19 on their relationships with their current or most recent primary partners. Data were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. The three most common impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on relationships were on (i) communication and connection; (ii) strained relationships; and (iii) job and economic loss. Both women and men discussed how COVID-19-related lockdowns provided opportunities to foster better communication, connection and support to one another. However, too little or too much time together strained relationships. Finally, income loss among young men meant that some young women became the primary income earner, changing relationship power dynamics. Findings highlight the importance of young people's relationships and the need for action to support young people in building positive relationships in challenging times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalysha Closson
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Campion Zharima
- Perinatal HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - T Michelle Kuchena
- Perinatal HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Janan J Dietrich
- Perinatal HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Gina Ogilvie
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Anita Raj
- Center on Gender Equity and Health, University of CA, San Diego, CA, US
- Newcomb Institute, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, US
| | - Mags Beksinska
- Maternal, Adolescent and Child Health Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Durban, South Africa
| | - Angela Kaida
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
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Prout TA. Commentary on Loades et al. (2022): The landscape of adolescent depression. Psychother Res 2024; 34:276-278. [PMID: 37014779 DOI: 10.1080/10503307.2023.2194559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
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Sayed T, Malan H, Fourie E. Exploring the associations between resilience and psychological well-being among South Africans during COVID-19. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1323466. [PMID: 38414871 PMCID: PMC10898365 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1323466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Resilience pertains to an individual's ability to withstand, adapt, and recuperate from adversity and stress. As the world grapples with unprecedented challenges such as the COVID-19 pandemic, understanding the relationship between resilience and psychological well-being becomes essential. Preliminary observations suggest that those with a higher resilience tend to have better psychological well-being, indicating a possible symbiotic relationship between the two. This study was structured using a cross-sectional survey design. A convenience sampling technique was employed, including 631 respondents in South Africa. Data collection took place between June 11 and July 9, 2022, facilitated through a Google Forms questionnaire. This questionnaire encompassed various instruments, namely a biographical questionnaire, the CD-RISC 10, the WHO Well-being Index, the FACIT-Sp-12, and the PMHS. The findings from the collected data highlighted a strong correlation between resilience and overall well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic. This elevation in resilience can be instrumental in augmenting psychological well-being. As such, interventions or programs aimed at enhancing individual and community well-being might benefit from incorporating elements that bolster resilience, especially during periods of global adversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasleem Sayed
- Community Psychosocial Research (COMPRES), Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University (NWU), Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Hanelie Malan
- Community Psychosocial Research (COMPRES), Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University (NWU), Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Erika Fourie
- Research Design, Statistical Analysis and Interpretation: Pure and Applied Analytics, School of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, North-West University (NWU), Potchefstroom, South Africa
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Taylor M, Dimitropoulos G, Scott SD, Ben-David S, Hilario C. "The Walls Had Been Built": A Qualitative Study of Canadian Adolescent Perspectives on Mental Health During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Glob Qual Nurs Res 2024; 11:23333936241273270. [PMID: 39228819 PMCID: PMC11369875 DOI: 10.1177/23333936241273270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Public health measures (PHMs) implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic introduced sudden changes to adolescents' everyday routines and required adolescents to repeatedly adapt their routines at a critical developmental stage. While meant to protect physical health, the PHMs destabilized mental health. Using a youth-engaged approach and interpretive description, this study explored adolescents' perspectives on their mental health in relation to the COVID-19 pandemic-related PHMs in Canada from March 2020 to the time of data collection in March 2022. Four Youth Research Collaborators contributed an adolescent lens to informing study activities, and a total of 33 high-school aged adolescents ages 14 to 19 completed individual interviews. Findings suggest an overarching concept of a "timeline" through which adolescents described their experiences. Most adolescents described their mental health as worsening during the initial lockdown, although some adolescents experienced positive mental health outcomes. Several adolescents felt their mental health had not recovered after the PHMs were fully lifted. This study contributes young Canadians' unique voices to the literature on the pandemic-related PHMs and adolescent mental health. It is essential that the impacts of the pandemic on adolescent mental health continue to be a focus of research and programming to better understand and address its ongoing effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mischa Taylor
- University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Carla Hilario
- University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, Canada
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Liu W, Wang D, Fan Y, Ye H, Bu L, Fan F. Changes in sleep disturbance among Chinese adolescents: A population-based online survey. J Psychosom Res 2023; 175:111515. [PMID: 37856932 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2023.111515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sleep disturbance is prevalent among adolescents but little is known about the short-term changes among Chinese adolescents. The study aimed to explore the prevalence and change patterns of sleep disturbance and identify its risk and protective factors. METHODS Data were collected online from April 21st to May 12th, 2021 (Time 1, T1) and December 17th to 26th, 2021 (Time 2, T2). The final sample comprised 34,260 adolescents. Self-administrated questionnaires were used to assess socio-demographic variables, sleep disturbance, depression, anxiety, life events, family function, and resilience. RESULTS The prevalence of sleep disturbance was 12.0% at T1 and 11.8% at T2, with higher rates in females than males. Four groups of sleep disturbance change patterns were identified: non-sleep disturbance group (80.4%), persistent group (4.2%), new-onset group (7.6%), and remission group (7.8%). Risk factors for new-onset sleep disturbance included being in junior high school (AOR = 1.26, 95%CI = 1.15-1.38), family history of mental disorders (AOR = 1.49, 95%CI = 1.03-2.15), and moderate (AOR = 1.24, 95%CI = 1.13-1.36) and severe (AOR = 1.48, 95%CI = 1.27-1.72) family dysfunction. Risk factors for persistent sleep disturbance included being in junior (AOR = 1.25, 95%CI = 1.08-1.45) and senior (AOR = 1.53, 95%CI = 1.15-2.03) high school, parental currently unmarried status (AOR = 1.34, 95%CI = 1.05-1.73), moderate (AOR = 1.19, 95%CI = 1.02-1.39) and severe (AOR = 1.28, 95%CI = 1.06-1.55) family dysfunction. Medium (AOR = 0.48, 95%CI = 0.43-0.53) and high (AOR = 0.34, 95%CI = 0.29-0.40) levels of resilience were protective factors against new-onset sleep disturbance, as well as against persistent sleep disturbance (medium level: AOR = 0.51, 95%CI = 0.43-0.60; high level: AOR = 0.32, 95%CI = 0.25-0.43). CONCLUSIONS Interventions aimed at promoting family functions and enhancing resilience may improve sleep disturbance among adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxu Liu
- School of Psychology, Centre for Studies of Psychological Applications, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Brain Cognition and Educational Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongfang Wang
- School of Psychology, Centre for Studies of Psychological Applications, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Brain Cognition and Educational Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunge Fan
- School of Psychology, Centre for Studies of Psychological Applications, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Brain Cognition and Educational Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haoxian Ye
- School of Psychology, Centre for Studies of Psychological Applications, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Brain Cognition and Educational Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Luowei Bu
- School of Psychology, Centre for Studies of Psychological Applications, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Brain Cognition and Educational Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fang Fan
- School of Psychology, Centre for Studies of Psychological Applications, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Brain Cognition and Educational Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China.
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Leontopoulou S. Aftermath of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Resilience and Mental Health of Emerging Adult University Students. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6911. [PMID: 37887649 PMCID: PMC10606035 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20206911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
This study explored the relationship between COVID-19 impacts and resilience in emerging adulthood during the final two months of the pandemic. It aimed to examine whether mental health symptoms moderated this relationship. In total, 205 university students completed an online questionnaire survey. Regression analysis was used to examine the prediction of resilience by pandemic-related impacts, and moderation analysis was used to explore the potential moderating effect of mental health on the relationship between impacts and resilience. The findings failed to confirm the hypothesis that total COVID-19 impacts would predict resilience. Rather, resource-type impacts predicted resilience [B = 0.17, p < 0.5]. Significant partial correlations found among resource, financial, and psychological impacts may go some way toward clarifying connections between impacts and resilience [for resource-type impact with financial-type impact, r = 0.48, p < 0.01; for resource-type impact with psychological impact, r = 0.22, p < 0.01]. The results confirmed the hypothesis that mental health symptoms would moderate the relationship between pandemic impacts and resilience [for the overall model, R = 0.41, ΔR2 = 0.16, MSE = 0.76, F (4, 200) = 10.19, p < 0.001; for the interaction between total COVID impacts and resilience, ΔR2 = 0.017, F (1, 200) = 3.98, p < 0.05]. Thus, emerging adult students with low or moderate levels of symptomatology were more resilient, independently of the level of pandemic-related stressors they faced. Those experiencing higher levels of mental health symptoms, in tandem with high levels of pandemic-related impacts, exhibited increasingly higher resilience levels [b = 0.17, 95% CI [0.02, 0.32], t = 2.26, p = 0.025]. These youths may be better equipped to handle severe stress and adversity thanks to skills and resources they possess and are experienced in using. The implications of these findings for each group of young people are discussed for their usefulness in directing future research and interventions to foster resilience during current and future crises and health pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Leontopoulou
- Department of Primary Education, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
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Larsen L, Schauber SK, Holt T, Helland MS. Longitudinal Covid-19 effects on child mental health: vulnerability and age dependent trajectories. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2023; 17:104. [PMID: 37667287 PMCID: PMC10476387 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-023-00652-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few longitudinal studies have investigated the extended long-term impact of the Covid-19 pandemic for children's and adolescents' mental health, and a lack of uniform findings suggest heterogeneity in the impact of the pandemic. METHODS This study investigated child and adolescent mental health symptoms across four occasions (pre-pandemic, initial lockdown, second lockdown, and society post reopening) using data from the Dynamics of Family Conflict study. Child and adolescent depressive vulnerability, age, and sex were explored as trajectory moderators. Children and adolescents (N = 381, Mage = 13.65, SD = 1.74) self-reported their anxiety, depression, and externalizing symptoms. Mixed effects analyses were performed to investigate trajectories across measurement occasions and interaction terms between occasion and moderator variables were included to better understand the heterogeneity in the impact of the pandemic. RESULTS Children and adolescents reported increases in anxiety symptoms at the second lockdown (t(523) = -3.66, p < .01) and when society had reopened (t(522) = -4.90, p < .001). An increase in depression symptoms was seen when society had reopened relative to the three previous measurement occasions (ps < 0.01). Depressive vulnerability moderated the trajectory for anxiety symptoms (F(3,498) = 3.05, p = .028), while age moderated the trajectory for depression symptoms (F(3,532) = 2.97, p = .031). CONCLUSION The delayed and negative impact on children's and adolescents' mental health underscores the need for continued monitoring, and implementation of support systems to help and mitigate further deterioration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Larsen
- Division of Mental & Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. Box 222, Skøyen, 0213, Oslo, Norway.
| | | | - Tonje Holt
- Division of Mental & Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. Box 222, Skøyen, 0213, Oslo, Norway
| | - Maren Sand Helland
- Division of Mental & Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. Box 222, Skøyen, 0213, Oslo, Norway
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Wong LP, Farid NDN, Alias H, Yusop SM, Musa Z, Hu Z, Lin Y. COVID-19 responses and coping in young Malaysians from low-income families. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1165023. [PMID: 37255690 PMCID: PMC10225688 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1165023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction This study aimed to shed light on how young people from low-income families were responding to COVID-19. Methods This cross-sectional study recruited young people aged between 18 and 24 years from the low-income-group communities. A convenience sampling approach was used. Google Surveys were used to gather data from the survey. The questionnaire consisted of an assessment of demographic characteristics, lifestyle factors, parent-youth conflict (Parental Environment Questionnaire, PEQ), resilient coping (Brief Resilient Coping Scale, BRCS), and psychological distress (Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-short form, DASS-21). Results A total of 561 complete responses were received. The results showed a low level of parent-child conflict in the overall study population, with a median PEQ of 48.0 [interquartile range (IQR) 36-48]. Higher parent-child conflicts were found in females than in males (OR = 1.75, 95% CI 1.19-2.57) and in youth from households with an income below MYR 2000 than those earning MYR 3,001-5,000 (OR = 4.39, 95% CI 2.40-8.03). A low prevalence of depression (12.5%), anxiety (15.2%), and stress (6.4%) was found. Parent-child conflict remains the strongest significant predictor for higher levels of depression (OR = 10.90, 95% CI 4.31-27.57), anxiety (OR = 11.92, 95% CI 5.05-28.14), and stress (OR = 4.79, 95% CI 1.41-16.33) symptoms. Poor resilient coping was the second strongest predictor for depression and anxiety symptoms. Regarding lifestyle factors, a lower level of physical exercise was associated with higher symptoms of depression. By demographics, females reported more severe symptoms of depression and anxiety than males. Young people from low-income households reported greater severity in symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress than those from high-income households. Young people who are employed also reported greater severity of anxiety symptoms than those who are unemployed. Discussion The COVID-19 pandemic continues to have an unpredictable impact on the lives of vulnerable youth in low-income families that warrants attention in future advocacy efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ping Wong
- Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Practice, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Nik Daliana Nik Farid
- Centre for Population Health, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Haridah Alias
- Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Practice, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sofia Md Yusop
- National Population and Family Development Board [Lembaga Penduduk dan Pembangunan Keluarga Negara (LPPKN)], Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Zuhrah Musa
- National Population and Family Development Board [Lembaga Penduduk dan Pembangunan Keluarga Negara (LPPKN)], Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Zhijian Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yulan Lin
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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Yang X, He Y, Luo B, Zhao L, Huang C, Liao S. Associations between adolescents' empathy and prosocial attributes before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. BMC Pediatr 2023; 23:157. [PMID: 37013508 PMCID: PMC10068708 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-023-03977-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescence is a formative period of social development. Adolescents have experienced considerable changes in their lives due to the COVID-19 pandemic. We conducted a longitudinal study to examine the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on adolescents' prosocial attributes and empathy, as well as their longitudinal bilateral relationships. METHODS A total of 2,510 students from five junior schools in Sichuan Province were recruited via random cluster sampling. Data were collected in December 2019 (Wave 1, before the outbreak of the pandemic) and July 2020 (Wave 2, during the pandemic) in Chengdu, Sichuan, China. Prosocial attributes and empathy were measured with the Positive Youth Development Scale (GPYDS) subscale and Chinese Empathy Scale, respectively. RESULTS During the pandemic, both empathy and prosocial attributes decreased significantly from 49.89 (9.12) and 49.89 (8.80) before to 48.29 (8.72) and 49.39 (9.26) (p < 0.001), respectively. A higher level of empathy at Wave 1 significantly predicted higher prosocial attributes at Wave 2 (β = 0.173, SE = 0.021, t = 8.430, p < 0.001). A lower prosocial attributes score predicted a significantly lower empathy score from Wave 1 to Wave 2 (β = 0.100, SE = 0.021, t = 4,884, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The COVID-19 pandemic has had detrimental effects on adolescents' empathy and prosocial attributes. Special attention should be given to these two longitudinally associated factors in any social crisis, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, considering their importance for adolescents' physical, mental, and social development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqian Yang
- West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University/ Department of Nursing, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, #No. 20, Section 3, People's South Road, Wuhou District, Chengdu City, 610041, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yirong He
- West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University/ Department of Nursing, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, #No. 20, Section 3, People's South Road, Wuhou District, Chengdu City, 610041, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Biru Luo
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, #No. 20, Section 3, People's South Road, Wuhou District, Chengdu City, 610041, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
- Department of Nursing, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University/ West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of Health Policy and Management, West China School of Public Health/ West China Forth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Chuanya Huang
- West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University/ Department of Nursing, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, #No. 20, Section 3, People's South Road, Wuhou District, Chengdu City, 610041, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Shujuan Liao
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, #No. 20, Section 3, People's South Road, Wuhou District, Chengdu City, 610041, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Nursing, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University/ West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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Moosa AS, Ng DX, Aau WK, Goy WTT, Yang CR, Sim EHA, Wee JD, Tan NC. Resilience and coping behaviour among adolescents in a high-income city-state during the COVID-19 pandemic. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4061. [PMID: 36906711 PMCID: PMC10006555 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31147-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to determine the resilience of multi-ethnic, multi-cultural adolescent students in cosmopolitan Singapore, their coping abilities, and the impact on their social and physical activities during the COVID-19 pandemic and its association with their resilience. A total of 582 adolescents in post-secondary education institutes completed an online survey from June to November 2021. The survey assessed their sociodemographic status, resilience level using the Brief Resilience Scale (BRS) and Hardy-Gill Resilience Scale (HGRS), the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on their daily activities, life settings, social life, social interactions, and coping ability in these aspects of life. Poor ability to cope with school life (adjusted beta = - 0.163, 95% CI - 1.928 to 0.639, p < 0.001), staying home (adjusted beta = - 0.108, 95% CI = - 1.611 to - 0.126, p = 0.022), sports (adjusted beta = - 0.116, 95% CI - 1.691 to - 0.197, p = 0.013) and friends (adjusted beta = - 0.143, 95% CI - 1.904 to - 0.363, p = 0.004) were associated with statistically significant low resilience level measured with HGRS. About half and a third of the participants reported normal and low resilience, respectively, based on BRS (59.6%/32.7%) and HGRS (49.0%/29.0%) scores. Adolescents of Chinese ethnicity and low socioeconomic status had comparatively lower resilience scores. Approximately half of the adolescents in this study had normal resilience despite the COVID-19 pandemic. Adolescents with lower resilience tended to have lower coping abilities. The study did not compare changes in the social life and coping behaviour of the adolescents due to COVID-19, as data on these aspects prior to the pandemic was unavailable.
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Kurz D, Braig S, Genuneit J, Rothenbacher D. Trajectories of child mental health, physical activity and screen-time during the COVID-19 pandemic considering different family situations: results from a longitudinal birth cohort. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2023; 17:36. [PMID: 36899392 PMCID: PMC9999332 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-023-00581-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many authors have described a significant mental health burden on children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic, possibly moderated by social disparities. This analysis explores whether pre-pandemic family circumstances might be related to different aspects of child health during the pandemic. METHODS We analyzed trajectories of health-related outcomes in children aged 5 to 9 years (T7 to T11) using the Ulm SPATZ Health study, a population based birth cohort study (baseline 04/2012-05/2013) conducted in the South of Germany. Outcomes were children's mental health, quality of life, and lifestyle, such as screen time and physical activity. We conducted descriptive statistics of maternal and child characteristics before and throughout the pandemic. We defined three different groups of pre-pandemic family situations and used adjusted mixed models to estimate differences in means associated with the time during the pandemic vs. before the pandemic in (a) all children and in (b) children belonging to specific pre-pandemic family situations. RESULTS We analyzed data from n = 588 children from whom at least one questionnaire was completed between T7 and T11. When not considering the pre-pandemic family situation, adjusted mixed models showed statistically significant lower mean scores of health-related quality of life among girls during vs. before the COVID-19 pandemic (difference in means (b): - 3.9 (95% confidence interval (CI): - 6.4, - 1.4). There were no substantial differences in mental health, screen time, or physical activity in boys or girls. When considering pre-pandemic family situations, boys with mothers having symptoms of depression or anxiety showed a substantial loss of health-related quality of life on the subscale of friends (b: - 10.5 (95% CI: - 19.7, - 1.4)). Among girls in this group, 60% of the 15 assessed outcomes were negatively associated with a remarkable loss in health-related quality of life (e.g., KINDL-physical well-being difference in means: - 12.2 (95% CI: - 18.9, - 5.4)). Furthermore, a substantial increase in screen time was found (+ 2.9 h (95% CI: 0.3, 5.6)). CONCLUSION Our results suggest that the health (and behavior) of primary school-aged children is possibly impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic, with adverse consequences differing by gender and very likely by the pre-pandemic family situation. Especially in girls having a mother with depression or anxiety symptoms, the adverse consequences of the pandemic on mental health seem to be aggregated. Boys showed fewer adverse trajectories, and it needs to be further assessed which factors exactly are behind the (socio-economic) factors, such as maternal working habits and limited living space, when analyzing the effect of the pandemic on children's health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Kurz
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, Ulm University, Helmholtzstrasse 22, 89081, Ulm, Germany.
| | - Stefanie Braig
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, Ulm University, Helmholtzstrasse 22, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jon Genuneit
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, Ulm University, Helmholtzstrasse 22, 89081, Ulm, Germany.,Pediatric Epidemiology, Clinic and Polyclinic for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Liebigstraße 20a, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Dietrich Rothenbacher
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, Ulm University, Helmholtzstrasse 22, 89081, Ulm, Germany
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Xu J, Yang X. The influence of resilience on stress reaction of college students during COVID-19: the mediating role of coping style and positive adaptive response. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2023; 43:1-12. [PMID: 36684467 PMCID: PMC9838361 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-04214-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic was a stressful event for all. It threatened people's physical and mental health. Previous studies have found that resilience can help people deal with stress and difficulties more effectively and prevent them from mental health problems. Coping style mediates the relationship between resilience and psychological well-being. Given the novelty and recency of the COVID-19, it is unknown whether resilience can also protect individuals in new difficulties, and whether the previous effective coping styles can be applied to new situations. The current study aimed to explore the influence mechanism of college students' resilience on negative stress response during the pandemic, and the chain mediation of coping style and positive adaptive response. A questionnaire survey was conducted among 910 college students (Mage = 20.58 years; 41.1% men, 58.9% women) studying in Shanghai by stratified random cluster sampling. At that time, they were in 27 different provinces and cities because of the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown. The research tools included Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire (SCSQ), Positive Adaptive Response Questionnaire (PARQ), and Negative Stress Reaction Questionnaire (NSRQ). The results showed that: (1) College students' resilience, coping style, positive adaptive response and negative stress reaction were significantly correlated with each other; (2) Resilience could not directly affect negative stress reaction, but it could affect negative stress reaction through the chain mediation of coping style and positive adaptive response. These findings suggest that resilience enhancement intervention programs need to focus on the cultivation of individual positive coping style; In response to major emergencies such as the COVID-19 pandemic, officials can help people reduce negative stress reaction by disseminating positive coping strategies through the media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xu
- Psychological Counseling Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444 China
| | - Xiujun Yang
- School of Marxism, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444 China
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14
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Koper N, Creemers HE, van Dam L, Stams GJJM, Branje S. Resilience, well-being and informal and formal support in multi-problem families during the Covid-19 pandemic. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2022; 16:103. [PMID: 36536396 PMCID: PMC9762621 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-022-00542-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Covid-19 pandemic may have had negative effects on youth and parental mental health, especially in high-risk populations such as multi-problem families (i.e., families that experience problems in multiple domains, such as mental health and social network problems). Using one to four assessments during all phases of the Covid-19 pandemic up until January 2022, we examined the associations between pandemic-related stress and mental health (resilience and well-being) of youth and parents from multi-problem families. We also investigated whether experienced informal (i.e., youth informal mentoring) and formal support (i.e., therapist support) served as protective factors in this association. METHODS A total of 92 youth aged 10-19 years (46.7% girls; mean age 16.00 years) and 78 parents (79.5% female; mean age 47.17 years) filled in one to four questionnaires between March 2020 and January 2022. Multi-level analyses were conducted to account for the nested structure of the data. RESULTS For youth, pandemic-related stress was associated with lower well-being, but not with resilience. Perceived support from both mentors and therapists was positively associated with youth mental health. Furthermore, high perceived therapist support protected youth from the negative effect of pandemic-related stress on resilience. For parents, pandemic-related stress was not related to mental health, irrespective of therapist support. Yet, therapist support was directly and positively associated with parental mental health. CONCLUSIONS Youth from multi-problem families who experience pandemic-related stress are at risk of (elevated) mental health problems during the pandemic, specifically if they have no or weak therapist support. The mental health of parents, however, was minimally affected by pandemic-related stress, indicating strength and flexibility. Youth and parents who experienced support during the pandemic reported higher levels of resilience and well-being, demonstrating the importance of support for individuals' mental health during stressful times such as a pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Koper
- Department of Youth and Family, Utrecht University, PO box 80140, 3508TC, Utrecht, The Netherlands. .,Department of Forensic Child and Youth Care Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,YIM Foundation, Amersfoort, The Netherlands.
| | - Hanneke E. Creemers
- grid.7177.60000000084992262Department of Forensic Child and Youth Care Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Levi van Dam
- grid.7177.60000000084992262Department of Forensic Child and Youth Care Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,YIM Foundation, Amersfoort, The Netherlands ,grid.491096.3Levvel Youth and Family Care, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Geert Jan J. M. Stams
- grid.7177.60000000084992262Department of Forensic Child and Youth Care Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Susan Branje
- grid.5477.10000000120346234Department of Youth and Family, Utrecht University, PO box 80140, 3508TC Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Leybas Nuño V, Mantina NM, Dawodu O, Dykinga M, Carr DL, Pogreba-Brown K, Cordova-Marks F, Jehn M, Peace-Tuskey K, Barraza L, Garcia-Filion P. Consequences of COVID-19 on adolescents in Arizona: A longitudinal study protocol. Front Public Health 2022; 10:945089. [PMID: 36589965 PMCID: PMC9797691 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.945089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The long-term impact of COVID-19 is unknown. We developed a 5-year prospective cohort study designed to generate actionable community-informed research about the consequences of COVID-19 on adolescents ages 12-17 years in Arizona. Methods The study has two primary outcomes: 1) acute and long-term outcomes of COVID-19 illness and 2) symptoms of depression and anxiety. Data is collected using an online survey with plans to integrate qualitative data collection methods. The survey is administered at baseline, 4, and 8 months in year one, and annually in years two through five. This study is informed by Intersectionality Theory, which considers the diverse identities adolescents have that are self and socially defined and the influence they have collectively and simultaneously. To this end, a sample of variables collected is race/ethnicity, language usage, generational status, co-occurring health conditions, and gender. Additional measures capture experiences in social contexts such as home (parent employment, food, and housing security), school (remote learning, type of school), and society (racism). Results Findings are not presented because the manuscript is a protocol designed to describe the procedure instead of report results. Discussion The unique contributions of the study is its focus on COVID-19 the illness and COVID-19 the socially experienced pandemic and the impact of both on adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Velia Leybas Nuño
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health (MEZCOPH), University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States,*Correspondence: Velia Leybas Nuño
| | - Namoonga M. Mantina
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, MEZCOPH, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Oriyomi Dawodu
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, MEZCOPH, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Maureen Dykinga
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, MEZCOPH, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Dametreea L. Carr
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MEZCOPH, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Kristen Pogreba-Brown
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MEZCOPH, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Felina Cordova-Marks
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, MEZCOPH, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Megan Jehn
- School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona States University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - Kimberly Peace-Tuskey
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, MEZCOPH, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Leila Barraza
- Department of Community, Environment and Policy, MEZCOPH, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
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Jozefiakova B, Kascakova N, Furstova J, Sarnikova G, Hasto J, Tavel P. COVID anxiety and its predictors among Slovak adolescents. Front Psychol 2022; 13:993003. [PMID: 36578692 PMCID: PMC9791256 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.993003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic and its related restrictions, mainly social distancing, had an impact on the mental health of various groups, including adolescents. Methods The main goal of our study was to explore the impact of gender, age, resilience (measured using the Brief Resilience Scale), attachment anxiety, attachment avoidance (both measured using the Experiences in Close Relationships Revised Scale for adolescents), and mental and general health (measured using items of SF-8 Health Survey) on COVID anxiety (measured using the COVID Anxiety Scale) among a sample of Slovak adolescents (N = 1,786, age 15 to 19, mean age = 16.8, SD = 1.2). The data were collected online between 13 April and 24 May 2021. Results Four nested linear regression models were fitted to the data and evaluated. The significant predictors that had a greater effect than our smallest effect size of interest (β = 0.10) were gender (β = -0.26, p < 0.001, where boys had lower scores in COVID anxiety), general and mental health (β = -0.13 and β = -0.14, respectively, both with p < 0.001), resilience (β = -0.12, p < 0.001), and attachment avoidance (β = -0.11, p < 0.001). Similarly, age and attachment anxiety were significant predictors with a lower effect size (β = 0.06, p = 0.003, and β = 0.09, p < 0.001, respectively). Discussion Our results are in line with previous research findings highlighting the importance of prevention and interventions programs focused mainly on preventing loneliness and social disconnection, fostering secure attachment with parents and peers, and increasing the resilience of adolescents, especially in the stressful time of a pandemic, to promote their mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibiána Jozefiakova
- Olomouc University Social Health Institute, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Natália Kascakova
- Olomouc University Social Health Institute, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czechia
- Psychiatric-Psychotherapeutic Outpatient Clinic, Pro Mente Sana, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jana Furstova
- Olomouc University Social Health Institute, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Gabriela Sarnikova
- Department of Christian Education, Sts. Cyril and Methodius Faculty of Theology, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Jozef Hasto
- Olomouc University Social Health Institute, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czechia
- Psychiatric-Psychotherapeutic Outpatient Clinic, Pro Mente Sana, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Department of Social Work, St. Elizabeth College of Health and Social Work, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Peter Tavel
- Olomouc University Social Health Institute, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czechia
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Hubenschmid L, Helmreich I, Köber G, Gilan D, Frenzel SB, van Dick R, Lieb K. Effects of general and corona-specific stressors on mental burden during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in Germany. Front Public Health 2022; 10:991292. [PMID: 36483250 PMCID: PMC9724653 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.991292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic turned out to be a serious threat to mental and physical health. However, the relative contribution of corona-specific (DHs) and general stressors (DHg) on mental burden, and specific protective and risk factors for mental health are still not well understood. In a representative sample (N = 3,055) of the German adult population, mental health, potential risk, and protective factors as well as DHs and DHg exposure were assessed online during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic (June and July 2020). The impact of these factors on mental health was analyzed using descriptive statistics, data visualizations, multiple regressions, and moderation analyses. The most burdensome DHg were financial and sleeping problems, respectively, and DHs corona-media reports and exclusion from recreational activities/important social events. 31 and 24% of total mental health was explained by DHg and DHs, respectively. Both predictors combined explained 36%, resulting in an increase in variance due to DHs of only 5% (R2 adjusted). Being female, older and a lower educational level were identified as general risk factors, somatic diseases as a corona-specific risk factor, and self-efficacy and locus of control (LOC) proved to be corona-specific protective factors. Further analyses showed that older age and being diagnosed with a somatic illness attenuated the positive influence of LOC, self-efficacy, and social support on resilience. Although the data showed that after the first easing restrictions, the stressor load was comparable to pre-pandemic data (with DHs not making a significant contribution), different risk and protective factors could be identified for general and corona-specific stressors. In line with observations from network analysis from other groups, the positive impact of resilience factors was especially diminished in the most vulnerable groups (elderly and somatically ill). This highlights the need to especially target these vulnerable groups to foster their resilience in upcoming waves of the corona pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Hubenschmid
- Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research (LIR), Mainz, Germany,*Correspondence: Lara Hubenschmid
| | | | - Göran Köber
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany,Freiburg Center for Data Analysis and Modeling, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Donya Gilan
- Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research (LIR), Mainz, Germany,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Svenja B. Frenzel
- Department of Psychology, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Rolf van Dick
- Department of Psychology, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Klaus Lieb
- Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research (LIR), Mainz, Germany,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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O’Keeffe P. Young Peoples’ Construction of DIY Dirt Jumps in Melbourne, Australia, Throughout the Covid-19 Lockdowns. JOURNAL OF APPLIED YOUTH STUDIES 2022. [PMCID: PMC9088726 DOI: 10.1007/s43151-022-00075-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Access to public space is critically important for young people, providing key opportunities for self-expression, independence, identity development and relationship building. The Covid-19 pandemic has profoundly affected how young people can engage with public spaces. In Melbourne, Australia, young people have experienced 262 days in lockdown, contributing to escalating anxiety and depression, social isolation, physical health impacts and increased exposure to family conflict and family violence. Throughout this time, there has been a proliferation of young people constructing DIY dirt jumps across Melbourne. This article analyses this unstructured production of public space, focusing on one case study and drawing from council responses. I suggest that through this practice, young people challenge adult interpretations of public space, intentionally or unintentionally, resisting adult control of public space at a time when young people have been denied opportunities for independence and autonomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick O’Keeffe
- Social and Global Studies Centre, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, VIC 3001 Australia
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The Relationship between Emotional Stability, Psychological Well-Being and Life Satisfaction of Romanian Medical Doctors during COVID-19 Period: A Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19052937. [PMID: 35270629 PMCID: PMC8910741 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19052937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as the fast progression of modern society, occupational stress has recently reached alarming levels with consequences for doctors’ psychological well-being. The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship among emotional stability, psychological well-being, and life satisfaction of medical doctors. We conducted a cross-sectional study on 280 medical doctors from Romania between February 2021 and September 2021, in the period between the third and fourth pandemic waves, who were evaluated by the DECAS, ASSET, and Satisfaction with Life scales. Our results showed that emotional stability is negatively correlated with psychological well-being (r = −0.526, p < 0.000) and positively correlated with life satisfaction (r = 0.319, p < 0.0001). Between psychological well-being and life satisfaction, we found a negative correlation (r = −0.046, p < 0.001). This study shows that there is a correlation among emotional stability, psychological well-being, and life satisfaction, which is why it can be considered that Romanian doctors have generated coping mechanisms during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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