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Ming J, Liao Y, Song W, Wang Z, Cui J, He L, Chen G, Xu K. Role of intracranial bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in stroke recovery: A focus on post-stroke inflammation and mitochondrial transfer. Brain Res 2024; 1837:148964. [PMID: 38677450 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.148964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Stem cell therapy has become a hot research topic in the medical field in recent years, with enormous potential for treating a variety of diseases. In particular, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) have wide-ranging applications in the treatment of ischemic stroke, autoimmune diseases, tissue repair, and difficult-to-treat diseases. BMSCs can differentiate into multiple cell types and exhibit strong immunomodulatory properties. Although BMSCs can regulate the inflammatory response activated after stroke, the mechanism by which BMSCs regulate inflammation remains unclear and requires further study. Recently, stem cell therapy has emerged as a potentially effective approach for enhancing the recovery process following an ischemic stroke. For example, by regulating post-stroke inflammation and by transferring mitochondria to exert therapeutic effects. Therefore, this article reviews the therapeutic effects of intracranial BMSCs in regulating post-stroke inflammation and mitochondrial transfer in the treatment of stroke, providing a basis for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Ming
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou, China
| | - Yidong Liao
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of Guiyang, Guiyang 550002, Guizhou, China
| | - Wenxue Song
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou, China
| | - Zili Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou, China
| | - Junshuan Cui
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou, China
| | - Longcai He
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou, China
| | - Guangtang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou, China.
| | - Kaya Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou, China; Department of Hyperbaric Oxygen, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou, China.
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2
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Laohavisudhi K, Sriwichaiin S, Attachaipanich T, Wittayachamnankul B, Chattipakorn N, Chattipakorn S. Mechanistic insights into Lipocalin-2 in ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic brain injury: Integrating animal and clinical studies. Exp Neurol 2024; 379:114885. [PMID: 38996863 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2024.114885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
Brain injuries, including strokes and traumatic brain injuries (TBI), are a major global health concern, contributing significantly to both mortality and long-term disability. Recent research has identified lipocalin-2 (LCN2), a glycoprotein secreted by various brain cells, as a key factor in influencing brain injury outcomes. Evidence from animal and clinical studies firmly establishes the pivotal role of LCN2 in driving the inflammatory responses triggered by damage to brain tissue. Furthermore, increased LCN2 promotes cellular differentiation, blood-brain barrier breakdown, and decreases cell viability. Interventions with LCN2 inhibitors attenuated brain injury through a reduction in the inflammation process and enhanced cellular viability. Potential mechanisms of LCN2 involve several pathways including the Janus kinase-2 (JAK2)-signal transducers and the transcription-3 (STAT3) signaling, hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α)-LCN2-vascular endothelial growth factor alpha (VEGFα), and the PKR-like ER kinase (PERK) pathways. LCN2 itself interacts with diverse inflammatory cytokines in TBI and intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), resulting in disruption of the blood-brain barrier, increased programmed cell death, and an imbalance in iron homeostasis. Clinical studies have also shown that increased LCN2 level can act as a prognostic biomarker of outcomes following brain injuries. Therefore, this review aims to comprehensively evaluate the role and underlying mechanisms of LCN2 in brain injuries, including stroke and TBI, and explore potential therapeutic interventions targeting LCN2 in these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Korsin Laohavisudhi
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Sirawit Sriwichaiin
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Cardiac Electrophysiology Research Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Tanawat Attachaipanich
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Borwon Wittayachamnankul
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Nipon Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Cardiac Electrophysiology Research Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; The Academy of Science, The Royal Society of Thailand, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Siriporn Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
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Cai H, Zhang Y, Meng F, Li Y. Effects of spinal cord injury associated exosomes delivered tRF-41 on the progression of spinal cord injury progression. Genomics 2024; 116:110885. [PMID: 38866256 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2024.110885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating neurological and pathological condition. Exosomal tsRNAs have reported to be promising biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and therapy. This study aimed to investigate the roles of SCI-associated exosomes, and related tsRNA mechanisms in SCI. METHODS The serum of healthy controls and SCI patients at the acute stage were collected for exosomes isolation, and the two different exosomes were used to treat human astrocytes (HA). The cell viability, apoptosis, and cycle were determined, and the expression of the related proteins were detected by western blot. Then, the two different exosomes were sent for tsRNA sequencing, and four significant known differentially expressed tsRNAs (DE-tsRNAs) were selected for RT-qPCR validation. Finally, tRT-41 was chosen to further explore its roles and related mechanisms in SCI. RESULTS After sequencing, 21 DE-tsRNAs were identified, which were significantly enriched in pathways of Apelin, AMPK, Hippo, MAPK, Ras, calcium, PI3K-Akt, and Rap1. RT-qPCR showed that tRF-41 had higher levels in the SCI-associated exosomes. Compared with the control HA, healthy exosomes did not significantly affect the growth of HA cells, but SCI-associated exosomes inhibited viability of HA cells, while promoted their apoptosis and increased the HA cells in G2/M phase; but tRF-41 inhibitor reversed the actions of SCI-associated exosomes. Additionally, SCI-associated exosomes, similar with tRF-41 mimics, down-regulated IGF-1, NGF, Wnt3a, and β-catenin, while up-regulated IL-1β and IL-6; but tRF-41 inhibitor had the opposite actions, and reversed the effects induced by SCI-associated exosomes. CONCLUSIONS SCI-associated exosomes delivered tRF-41 may inhibit the growth of HA through regulating Wnt/ β-catenin pathway and inflammation response, thereby facilitating the progression of SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongfei Cai
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Organ Transplantation Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Organ Transplantation Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Fanyu Meng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Organ Transplantation Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Organ Transplantation Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China.
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Deng AF, Wang FX, Wang SC, Zhang YZ, Bai L, Su JC. Bone-organ axes: bidirectional crosstalk. Mil Med Res 2024; 11:37. [PMID: 38867330 PMCID: PMC11167910 DOI: 10.1186/s40779-024-00540-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
In addition to its recognized role in providing structural support, bone plays a crucial role in maintaining the functionality and balance of various organs by secreting specific cytokines (also known as osteokines). This reciprocal influence extends to these organs modulating bone homeostasis and development, although this aspect has yet to be systematically reviewed. This review aims to elucidate this bidirectional crosstalk, with a particular focus on the role of osteokines. Additionally, it presents a unique compilation of evidence highlighting the critical function of extracellular vesicles (EVs) within bone-organ axes for the first time. Moreover, it explores the implications of this crosstalk for designing and implementing bone-on-chips and assembloids, underscoring the importance of comprehending these interactions for advancing physiologically relevant in vitro models. Consequently, this review establishes a robust theoretical foundation for preventing, diagnosing, and treating diseases related to the bone-organ axis from the perspective of cytokines, EVs, hormones, and metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- An-Fu Deng
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Organoid Research Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
- National Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai) SHU Branch, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Fu-Xiao Wang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Organoid Research Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
- National Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai) SHU Branch, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Si-Cheng Wang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Organoid Research Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
- National Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai) SHU Branch, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Zhongye Hospital, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Ying-Ze Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, the Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Orthopaedic Research Institution of Hebei Province, NHC Key Laboratory of Intelligent Orthopaedic Equipment, Shijiazhuang, 050051, China.
| | - Long Bai
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Organoid Research Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
- National Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai) SHU Branch, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
- Wenzhou Institute of Shanghai University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Jia-Can Su
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Organoid Research Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
- National Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai) SHU Branch, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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Hamada Y, Takata T, Iwama H, Kawakita R, Nonaka W, Deguchi K, Kobara H, Morishita A, Miyamoto O, Nakamura T, Itano T, Masaki T. Temporal expression profiles of microRNAs associated with acute phase of brain ischemia in gerbil hippocampus. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28875. [PMID: 38576576 PMCID: PMC10990972 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Neuroprotective therapeutic potential for restoring dysregulated microRNA (miRNA) expression has previously been demonstrated in a gerbil cerebral infarction model. However, since temporal changes in miRNA expression profiles following stroke onset are unknown, miRNAs proving to be useful therapeutic targets have yet to be identified. We evaluated cognitive function, hippocampal neuronal cell death, and microarray-based miRNA expression profiles at 5, 9, 18, 36, and 72 h after 5-min whole brain ischemia in gerbils. A decline in cognitive function occurred in parallel with increased neuronal cell death 36-72 h after ischemia. The Jonckheere-Terpstra test was used to analyze miRNA expression trends 5-72 h after ischemia. The expression levels of 63 miRNAs were significantly upregulated, whereas 32 miRNAs were significantly downregulated, monotonically. Of the 32 monotonically downregulated miRNAs, 18 showed the largest decrease in expression 5-9 h after ischemia. A subset of these dysregulated miRNAs (miR-378a-5p, miR-204-5p, miR-34c-5p, miR-211-5p, miR-34b-3p, and miR-199b-3p) could be associated with brain ischemia and neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Hamada
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan
| | - Tadayuki Takata
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan
| | - Hisakazu Iwama
- Life Science Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan
| | - Rie Kawakita
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan
| | - Wakako Nonaka
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan
- Department of General Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan
| | - Kazushi Deguchi
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan
| | - Hideki Kobara
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan
| | - Asahiro Morishita
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan
| | - Osamu Miyamoto
- Department of Medical Engineering, Faculty of Health Science and Technology, Kawasaki University of Medical Welfare, 288 Matsushima, Kurashiki, 701-0193, Japan
| | - Takehiro Nakamura
- Department of Physiology 2, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki, Okayama, 701-0192, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Itano
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Masaki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan
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Pratiwi DIN, Alhajlah S, Alawadi A, Hjazi A, Alawsi T, Almalki SG, Alsalamy A, Kumar A. Mesenchymal stem cells and their extracellular vesicles as emerging therapeutic tools in the treatment of ischemic stroke. Tissue Cell 2024; 87:102320. [PMID: 38342071 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2024.102320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke (IS) is a neurological condition characterized by severe long-term consequences and an unfavorable prognosis for numerous patients. Despite advancements in stroke treatment, existing therapeutic approaches possess certain limitations. However, accumulating evidence suggests that mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) hold promise as a potential therapy for various neurological disorders, including IS, owing to their advantageous properties, such as immunomodulation and tissue regeneration. Additionally, MSCs primarily exert their therapeutic effects through the release of extracellular vesicles (EVs), highlighting the significance of their paracrine activities. These EVs are small double-layered phospholipid membrane vesicles, carrying a diverse cargo of proteins, lipids, and miRNAs that enable effective cell-to-cell communication. Notably, EVs have emerged as attractive substitutes for stem cell therapy due to their reduced immunogenicity, lower tumorigenic potential, and ease of administration and handling. Hence, this review summarizes the current preclinical and clinical studies performed to investigate the safety and therapeutic potential of MSCs and their EVs derived from different sources, including bone marrow, adipose tissue, umbilical cord blood, and Wharton's jelly in IS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sharif Alhajlah
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Shaqra University, Shaqra 11961, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Alawadi
- College of technical engineering, the Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq; College of technical engineering, the Islamic University of Al Diwaniyah, Iraq; College of technical engineering, the Islamic University of Babylon, Iraq
| | - Ahmed Hjazi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Taif Alawsi
- Department of Laser and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Sami G Almalki
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Alsalamy
- College of technical engineering, Imam Ja'afar Al-Sadiq University, Al-Muthanna 66002, Iraq
| | - Abhinav Kumar
- Department of Nuclear and Renewable Energy, Ural Federal University Named after the First President of Russia Boris Yeltsin, Ekaterinburg 620002, Russia
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Marchal S, Andriantsitohaina R, Martinez MC. Biotherapeutic approaches against cardio-metabolic dysfunctions based on extracellular vesicles. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:167095. [PMID: 38428684 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Among the different pathways involved in the cell-to-cell communication, extracellular vesicles (EVs) are defined as key players in the transport of different signalling molecules, such as lipids, proteins, and RNA, from the originating cells to specific target cells. The biogenesis and composition of EVs are complex and confer them a unique ability to more effectively reach tissues and cells as compared to other types of synthetic carriers. Owing to these properties, EVs have been suggested as new therapeutic tools for personalized medicine. Since cardiometabolic diseases have reached pandemic proportions, new therapies are needed to be developed. In this context, EVs appear as promising therapeutic tools against cardiometabolic disorders associated with obesity and diabetes. This review focuses on the latest research on preclinical applications of EVs for cardiometabolic diseases, and draw primarily on our experience in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Marchal
- PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | | | - M Carmen Martinez
- PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, Montpellier, France.
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8
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Xiong Y, Guo X, Gao W, Ke C, Huang X, Pan Z, Chen C, Zheng H, Hu W, Zheng F, Yao H. Efficacy and safety of stem cells in the treatment of ischemic stroke: A meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e37414. [PMID: 38518043 PMCID: PMC10956950 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000037414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stem cell therapy on ischemic stroke has long been studied using animal experiments. The efficacy and safety of this treatment in ischemic stroke patients remain uncertain. METHODS We searched for all clinical randomized controlled trials published before October 2023, on PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library using predetermined search terms, and performed a meta-analysis of the efficacy of stem cell therapy in ischemic stroke patients. RESULTS 13 studies that included 592 ischemic stroke patients were reviewed. The mRS (MD -0.32, 95% CI -0.64 to 0.00, I2 = 63%, P = .05), NIHSS (MD -1.63, 95% CI -2.69 to -0.57, I2 = 58%, P = .003), and BI (MD 14.22, 95% CI 3.95-24.48, I2 = 43%, P = .007) showed effective stem cell therapy. The mortality (OR 0.42, 95% CI 0.23-0.79, I2 = 0%, P = .007) showed improved prognosis and reduce mortality with stem cell therapy. CONCLUSION Stem cell therapy reduces mortality and improves the neurological prognosis of ischemic stroke patients. However, due to the different types of stem cells used and the limited data in the reported studies, the safety of clinical applications of stem cells in patients with ischemic stroke must be carefully evaluated. Future randomized controlled trials with large sample sizes from controlled cell sources are warranted to validate this finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Xiong
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Xiumei Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Wen Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Chuhan Ke
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Xinyue Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Zhigang Pan
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Chunhui Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Hanlin Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Weipeng Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Feng Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Hao Yao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinjiang Municipal Hospital, Quanzhou, China
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9
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Chen L, Xiong Y, Chopp M, Zhang Y. Engineered exosomes enriched with select microRNAs amplify their therapeutic efficacy for traumatic brain injury and stroke. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 18:1376601. [PMID: 38566841 PMCID: PMC10985177 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2024.1376601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) and stroke stand as prominent causes of global disability and mortality. Treatment strategies for stroke and TBI are shifting from targeting neuroprotection toward cell-based neurorestorative strategy, aiming to augment endogenous brain remodeling, which holds considerable promise for the treatment of TBI and stroke. Compelling evidence underscores that the therapeutic effects of cell-based therapy are mediated by the active generation and release of exosomes from administered cells. Exosomes, endosomal derived and nano-sized extracellular vesicles, play a pivotal role in intercellular communication. Thus, we may independently employ exosomes to treat stroke and TBI. Systemic administration of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) derived exosomes promotes neuroplasticity and neurological functional recovery in preclinical animal models of TBI and stroke. In this mini review, we describe the properties of exosomes and recent exosome-based therapies of TBI and stroke. It is noteworthy that the microRNA cargo within exosomes contributes to their therapeutic effects. Thus, we provide a brief introduction to microRNAs and insight into their key roles in mediating therapeutic effects. With the increasing knowledge of exosomes, researchers have "engineered" exosome microRNA content to amplify their therapeutic benefits. We therefore focus our discussion on the therapeutic benefits of recently employed microRNA-enriched engineered exosomes. We also discuss the current opportunities and challenges in translating exosome-based therapy to clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Ye Xiong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Michael Chopp
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI, United States
- Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, United States
| | - Yanlu Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI, United States
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10
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Tan Q, Zhang C, Rao X, Wan W, Lin W, Huang S, Ying J, Lin Y, Hua F. The interaction of lipocalin-2 and astrocytes in neuroinflammation: mechanisms and therapeutic application. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1358719. [PMID: 38533497 PMCID: PMC10963420 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1358719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a common pathological process in various neurological disorders, including stroke, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and others. It involves the activation of glial cells, particularly astrocytes, and the release of inflammatory mediators. Lipocalin-2 (Lcn-2) is a secretory protein mainly secreted by activated astrocytes, which can affect neuroinflammation through various pathways. It can also act as a pro-inflammatory factor by modulating astrocyte activation and polarization through different signaling pathways, such as NF-κB, and JAK-STAT, amplifying the inflammatory response and aggravating neural injury. Consequently, Lcn-2 and astrocytes may be potential therapeutic targets for neuroinflammation and related diseases. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the role mechanisms, interactions, and therapeutic implications of Lcn-2 and astrocytes in neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Tan
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Chenxi Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiuqin Rao
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Wei Wan
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Wei Lin
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Shupeng Huang
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jun Ying
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yue Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Fuzhou Hua
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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11
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Saleh RO, Majeed AA, Margiana R, Alkadir OKA, Almalki SG, Ghildiyal P, Samusenkov V, Jabber NK, Mustafa YF, Elawady A. Therapeutic gene delivery by mesenchymal stem cell for brain ischemia damage: Focus on molecular mechanisms in ischemic stroke. Cell Biochem Funct 2024; 42:e3957. [PMID: 38468129 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemic damage is prevalent and the second highest cause of death globally across patient populations; it is as a substantial reason of morbidity and mortality. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have garnered significant interest as a potential treatment for cerebral ischemic damage, as shown in ischemic stroke, because of their potent intrinsic features, which include self-regeneration, immunomodulation, and multi-potency. Additionally, MSCs are easily obtained, isolated, and cultured. Despite this, there are a number of obstacles that hinder the effectiveness of MSC-based treatment, such as adverse microenvironmental conditions both in vivo and in vitro. To overcome these obstacles, the naïve MSC has undergone a number of modification processes to enhance its innate therapeutic qualities. Genetic modification and preconditioning modification (with medications, growth factors, and other substances) are the two main categories into which these modification techniques can be separated. This field has advanced significantly and is still attracting attention and innovation. We examine these cutting-edge methods for preserving and even improving the natural biological functions and therapeutic potential of MSCs in relation to adhesion, migration, homing to the target site, survival, and delayed premature senescence. We address the use of genetically altered MSC in stroke-induced damage. Future strategies for improving the therapeutic result and addressing the difficulties associated with MSC modification are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raed Obaid Saleh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Techniques, Al-Maarif University College, Al-Anbar, Iraq
| | - Ali A Majeed
- Department of Pathological Analyses, Faculty of Science, University of Kufa, Najaf, Iraq
| | - Ria Margiana
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Master's Programme Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Ola Kamal A Alkadir
- Department of Medical Engineering, Al-Nisour University College, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Sami G Almalki
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Pallavi Ghildiyal
- Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India
| | - Vadim Samusenkov
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Yasser Fakri Mustafa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq
| | - Ahmed Elawady
- College of Technical Engineering, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq
- College of Technical Engineering, The Islamic University of Al Diwaniyah, Al Diwaniyah, Iraq
- College of Technical Engineering, The Islamic University of Babylon, Babylon, Iraq
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12
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Chang H, Chen E, Hu Y, Wu L, Deng L, Ye‐Lehmann S, Mao X, Zhu T, Liu J, Chen C. Extracellular Vesicles: The Invisible Heroes and Villains of COVID-19 Central Neuropathology. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2305554. [PMID: 38143270 PMCID: PMC10933635 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202305554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Acknowledging the neurological symptoms of COVID-19 and the long-lasting neurological damage even after the epidemic ends are common, necessitating ongoing vigilance. Initial investigations suggest that extracellular vesicles (EVs), which assist in the evasion of the host's immune response and achieve immune evasion in SARS-CoV-2 systemic spreading, contribute to the virus's attack on the central nervous system (CNS). The pro-inflammatory, pro-coagulant, and immunomodulatory properties of EVs contents may directly drive neuroinflammation and cerebral thrombosis in COVID-19. Additionally, EVs have attracted attention as potential candidates for targeted therapy in COVID-19 due to their innate homing properties, low immunogenicity, and ability to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) freely. Mesenchymal stromal/stem cell (MSCs) secreted EVs are widely applied and evaluated in patients with COVID-19 for their therapeutic effect, considering the limited antiviral treatment. This review summarizes the involvement of EVs in COVID-19 neuropathology as carriers of SARS-CoV-2 or other pathogenic contents, as predictors of COVID-19 neuropathology by transporting brain-derived substances, and as therapeutic agents by delivering biotherapeutic substances or drugs. Understanding the diverse roles of EVs in the neuropathological aspects of COVID-19 provides a comprehensive framework for developing, treating, and preventing central neuropathology and the severe consequences associated with the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiqing Chang
- Department of AnesthesiologyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityLaboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care MedicineNational‐Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine of AnesthesiologyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuan610041China
| | - Erya Chen
- Department of AnesthesiologyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityLaboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care MedicineNational‐Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine of AnesthesiologyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuan610041China
| | - Yi Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Honghui hospitalXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710049China
| | - Lining Wu
- Department of AnesthesiologyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityLaboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care MedicineNational‐Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine of AnesthesiologyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuan610041China
| | - Liyun Deng
- Department of AnesthesiologyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityLaboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care MedicineNational‐Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine of AnesthesiologyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuan610041China
| | - Shixin Ye‐Lehmann
- Diseases and Hormones of the Nervous System University of Paris‐Scalay Bicêtre Hosptial BâtGrégory Pincus 80 Rue du Gal Leclerc, CedexLe Kremlin Bicêtre94276France
| | - Xiaobo Mao
- Department of NeurologyInstitute of Cell EngineeringSchool of MedicineJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMD21218USA
| | - Tao Zhu
- Department of AnesthesiologyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityLaboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care MedicineNational‐Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine of AnesthesiologyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuan610041China
| | - Jin Liu
- Department of AnesthesiologyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityLaboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care MedicineNational‐Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine of AnesthesiologyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuan610041China
| | - Chan Chen
- Department of AnesthesiologyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityLaboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care MedicineNational‐Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine of AnesthesiologyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuan610041China
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13
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Farahmand Y, Nabiuni M, Vafaei Mastanabad M, Sheibani M, Mahmood BS, Obayes AM, Asadi F, Davallou R. The exo-microRNA (miRNA) signaling pathways in pathogenesis and treatment of stroke diseases: Emphasize on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Cell Biochem Funct 2024; 42:e3917. [PMID: 38379232 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
A major factor in long-term impairment is stroke. Patients with persistent stroke and severe functional disabilities have few therapy choices. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) may contribute to the regulation of the pathophysiologic processes of ischemic stroke as shown by altered expression of lncRNAs and microRNA (miRNAs) in blood samples of acute ischemic stroke patients. On the other hand, multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) increase neurogenesis, and angiogenesis, dampen neuroinflammation, and boost brain plasticity to improve functional recovery in experimental stroke models. MSCs can be procured from various sources such as the bone marrow, adipose tissue, and peripheral blood. Under the proper circumstances, MSCs can differentiate into a variety of mature cells, including neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes. Accordingly, the capability of MSCs to exert neuroprotection and also neurogenesis has recently attracted more attention. Nowadays, lncRNAs and miRNAs derived from MSCs have opened new avenues to alleviate stroke symptoms. Accordingly, in this review article, we examined various studies concerning the lncRNAs and miRNAs' role in stroke pathogenesis and delivered an overview of the therapeutic role of MSC-derived miRNAs and lncRNAs in stroke conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalda Farahmand
- School of Medicine, Terhan University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Nabiuni
- Neurosurgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Vafaei Mastanabad
- Neurosurgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Science, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Mehrnaz Sheibani
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | | | - Ali Mohammed Obayes
- College of Nursing, National University of Science and Technology, Dhi Qar, Iraq
| | - Fatemeh Asadi
- Department of Genetics, Fars Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran
- Department of Genetics, Marvdasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran
| | - Rosa Davallou
- Department of Neurology, Sayyad Shirazi Hospital, Golestan University of Medical Siences, Gorgan, Iran
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14
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Muskan M, Abeysinghe P, Cecchin R, Branscome H, Morris KV, Kashanchi F. Therapeutic potential of RNA-enriched extracellular vesicles: The next generation in RNA delivery via biogenic nanoparticles. Mol Ther 2024:S1525-0016(24)00094-7. [PMID: 38414242 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2024.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are extracellular vesicles (EVs) (∼50-150 nm) that have emerged as promising vehicles for therapeutic applications and drug delivery. These membrane-bound particles, released by all actively dividing cells, have the ability to transfer effector molecules, including proteins, RNA, and even DNA, from donor cells to recipient cells, thereby modulating cellular responses. RNA-based therapeutics, including microRNAs, messenger RNAs, long non-coding RNAs, and circular RNAs, hold great potential in controlling gene expression and treating a spectrum of medical conditions. RNAs encapsulated in EVs are protected from extracellular degradation, making them attractive for therapeutic applications. Understanding the intricate biology of cargo loading and transfer within EVs is pivotal to unlocking their therapeutic potential. This review discusses the biogenesis and classification of EVs, methods for loading RNA into EVs, their advantages as drug carriers over synthetic-lipid-based systems, and the potential applications in treating neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, and viral infections. Notably, EVs show promise in delivering RNA cargo across the blood-brain barrier and targeting tumor cells, offering a safe and effective approach to RNA-based therapy in these contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muskan Muskan
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Pevindu Abeysinghe
- Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD 4059, Australia
| | - Riccardo Cecchin
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Heather Branscome
- George Mason University, School of Systems Biology, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA
| | - Kevin V Morris
- Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD 4059, Australia.
| | - Fatah Kashanchi
- George Mason University, School of Systems Biology, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA.
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15
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Chai M, Su G, Chen W, Gao J, Wu Q, Song J, Zhang Z. Effects of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes in Central Nervous System Diseases. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04032-8. [PMID: 38393450 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04032-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) diseases are one of the diseases that threaten human health. The delivery of drugs targeting the CNS has always been a significant challenge; the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is the main obstacle that must be overcome. The rise of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) therapy has brought hope for the treatment of CNS diseases. However, the problems of low homing rate, susceptibility differentiation into astrocytes, immune rejection, and formation of iatrogenic tumors of transplanted BMSCs limit their clinical application. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (BMSC-Exos) have become a hot research topic in the treatment of CNS diseases in recent years because of their excellent histocompatibility, low immunogenicity, ease of crossing the BBB, and their ability to serve as natural carriers for treatment. This article reviews the mechanisms of BMSC-Exos in CNS diseases and provides direction for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Chai
- Department of Neurology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu, China
| | - Gang Su
- Institute of Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Neurology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu, China
| | - Juan Gao
- Department of Neurology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu, China
| | - Qionghui Wu
- Department of Neurology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu, China
| | - Jinyang Song
- Department of Neurology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu, China
| | - Zhenchang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu, China.
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16
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Ge Y, Wu J, Zhang L, Huang N, Luo Y. A New Strategy for the Regulation of Neuroinflammation: Exosomes Derived from Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2024; 44:24. [PMID: 38372822 PMCID: PMC10876823 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-024-01460-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is an important pathogenesis of neurological diseases and causes a series of physiopathological changes, such as abnormal activation of glial cells, neuronal degeneration and death, and disruption of the blood‒brain barrier. Therefore, modulating inflammation may be an important therapeutic tool for treating neurological diseases. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), as pluripotent stem cells, have great therapeutic potential for neurological diseases due to their regenerative ability, immunity, and ability to regulate inflammation. However, recent studies have shown that MSC-derived exosomes (MSC-Exos) play a major role in this process and play a key role in neuroprotection by regulating neuroglia. This review summarizes the recent progress made in regulating neuroinflammation by focusing on the mechanisms by which MSC-Exos are involved in the regulation of glial cells through signaling pathways such as the TLR, NF-κB, MAPK, STAT, and NLRP3 pathways to provide some references for subsequent research and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Ge
- Department of Neurology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Zunyi), Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Jingjing Wu
- Department of Neurology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Zunyi), Zunyi, Guizhou, China
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Zunyi), Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Nanqu Huang
- National Drug Clinical Trial Institution, Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Zunyi), Zunyi, Guizhou, China.
| | - Yong Luo
- Department of Neurology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Zunyi), Zunyi, Guizhou, China.
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17
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Fang X, Zhou D, Wang X, Ma Y, Zhong G, Jing S, Huang S, Wang Q. Exosomes: A Cellular Communication Medium That Has Multiple Effects On Brain Diseases. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-03957-4. [PMID: 38356095 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-03957-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Exosomes, as membranous vesicles generated by multiple cell types and secreted to extracellular space, play a crucial role in a range of brain injury-related brain disorders by transporting diverse proteins, RNA, DNA fragments, and other functional substances. The nervous system's pathogenic mechanisms are complicated, involving pathological processes like as inflammation, apoptosis, oxidative stress, and autophagy, all of which result in blood-brain barrier damage, cognitive impairment, and even loss of normal motor function. Exosomes have been linked to the incidence and progression of brain disorders in recent research. As a result, a thorough knowledge of the interaction between exosomes and brain diseases may lead to the development of more effective therapeutic techniques that may be implemented in the clinic. The potential role of exosomes in brain diseases and the crosstalk between exosomes and other pathogenic processes were discussed in this paper. Simultaneously, we noted the delicate events in which exosomes as a media allow the brain to communicate with other tissues and organs in physiology and disease, and compiled a list of natural compounds that modulate exosomes, in order to further improve our understanding of exosomes and propose new ideas for treating brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Fang
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Dishu Zhou
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xinyue Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510405, Guangdong Province, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, Guangdong Research Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 510405, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yujie Ma
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Guangcheng Zhong
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shangwen Jing
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shuiqing Huang
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Qi Wang
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, Guangdong Province, China.
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18
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Hashemi A, Ezati M, Nasr MP, Zumberg I, Provaznik V. Extracellular Vesicles and Hydrogels: An Innovative Approach to Tissue Regeneration. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:6184-6218. [PMID: 38371801 PMCID: PMC10870307 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c08280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles have emerged as promising tools in regenerative medicine due to their inherent ability to facilitate intercellular communication and modulate cellular functions. These nanosized vesicles transport bioactive molecules, such as proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, which can affect the behavior of recipient cells and promote tissue regeneration. However, the therapeutic application of these vesicles is frequently constrained by their rapid clearance from the body and inability to maintain a sustained presence at the injury site. In order to overcome these obstacles, hydrogels have been used as extracellular vesicle delivery vehicles, providing a localized and controlled release system that improves their therapeutic efficacy. This Review will examine the role of extracellular vesicle-loaded hydrogels in tissue regeneration, discussing potential applications, current challenges, and future directions. We will investigate the origins, composition, and characterization techniques of extracellular vesicles, focusing on recent advances in exosome profiling and the role of machine learning in this field. In addition, we will investigate the properties of hydrogels that make them ideal extracellular vesicle carriers. Recent studies utilizing this combination for tissue regeneration will be highlighted, providing a comprehensive overview of the current research landscape and potential future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Hashemi
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 3082/12, 61600 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Masoumeh Ezati
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 3082/12, 61600 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Minoo Partovi Nasr
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 3082/12, 61600 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Inna Zumberg
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 3082/12, 61600 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Valentine Provaznik
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 3082/12, 61600 Brno, Czech Republic
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19
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Yi F, Xiao H, Song M, Huang L, Huang Q, Deng J, Yang H, Zheng L, Wang H, Gu W. BMSC-derived exosomal miR-148b-3p attenuates OGD/R-induced HMC3 cell activation by targeting DLL4 and Notch1. Neurosci Res 2024; 199:36-47. [PMID: 37741572 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2023.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
Bone mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC)-derived exosome (BMSC-Exo) could be a treatment method for ischemic injury. In ischemic cerebrovascular disease (IC), microglia is pivotal in neuronal damage and remodeling. This study explores the mechanisms of BMSC-Exo miR-148b-3p in regulating oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R)-induced human microglial clone 3 (HMC3) cell activation. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and qNano were used to assess BMSC-Exo features. The functions of BMSC-Exo miR-148 b-3p in OGD/R-induced HMC3 cell activation were explored via MTT assay, flow cytometry, scratch, transwell, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) assays. A dual-luciferase reporter assay was performed to determine the relationship between miR-148b-3p and Delta-like ligand 4(DDL4) or neurogenic locus notch homolog protein 1 (Notch1). OGD/R decreased miR-148b-3p expression in HMC3 cells. After BMSC-Exo treatment, miR-148b-3p expression was upregulated, cell viability and migration were inhibited, cell cycles remained in the G0/G1 phase, and proinflammatory cytokines were decreased in OGD/R-induced HMC3 cells. More importantly, BMSC-Exo miR-148b-3p could further strengthen BMSC-Exo effects. DDL4 and Notch1 are direct targets of miR-148b-3p, respectively. Moreover, the knockdown of DLL4 or Notch1 could inhibit OGD/R-induced HMC3 cell activation. BMSC-Exo miR-148b-3p inhibited OGD/R-induced HMC3 cell activation via inhibiting DLL4 and Notch1 expression, which provided a new strategy for treating cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Yi
- Department of Geriatric Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, PR China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, PR China
| | - Hui Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Changsha Central Hospital, Changsha 410004, Hunan, PR China
| | - Mingyu Song
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, PR China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, PR China; Clinical Research Center for Cerebrovascular Disease of Hunan Province, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, PR China
| | - Lei Huang
- Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410000, Hunan, PR China
| | - Qianyi Huang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, PR China
| | - Jun Deng
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410000, Hunan, PR China
| | - Han Yang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, PR China
| | - Lan Zheng
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, PR China
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Geriatric Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, PR China
| | - Wenping Gu
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, PR China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, PR China; Clinical Research Center for Cerebrovascular Disease of Hunan Province, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, PR China.
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20
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Della Rocca Y, Diomede F, Konstantinidou F, Trubiani O, Soundara Rajan T, Pierdomenico SD, Gatta V, Stuppia L, Marconi GD, Pizzicannella J. Protective effect of oral stem cells extracellular vesicles on cardiomyocytes in hypoxia-reperfusion. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 11:1260019. [PMID: 38288344 PMCID: PMC10823008 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1260019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia signaling plays an important role in physiological and pathological conditions. Hypoxia in the heart tissue can produce different consequences depending on the duration of exposure to the hypoxic state. While acute hypoxic exposure leads to a reversible acclimatization in heart tissue with normal systemic oxygen supply, chronic hypoxia exacerbates cardiac dysfunction, leads to a destruction of the tissue. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small membrane vesicles that act as mediators of intercellular communication. EVs are secreted by different cell types and those produced by oral cavity-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), including human gingival MSCs (hGMSCs), have pro-angiogenic and anti-inflammatory effects and showed therapeutic role in tissue regeneration. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the potential protective and regenerative role of EVs produced by hGMSCs, in an in vitro model of hypoxia-conditioned HL-1 cardiomyocytes through the expression analysis of following inflammatory, oxidative stress, angiogenesis, cell survival and apoptotic markers: HIF-1α, P300, NFkB, CCL2, IL1B, IL6, NRF2, CASP-3, BAX and VEGF. Results showed that hGMSCs-derived EVs exerted protection HL-1 cardiomyocytes exposed to both pre and post hypoxic conditions. Moreover, modulation of CASP3 and BAX expression demonstrated that EVs reduced the apoptosis. The analysis of microRNAs in EVs derived from hGMSCs was performed to assess the epigenetic regulation of the presented markers. The following microRNAs: hsa-miR-138-5p, hsa-miR-17-5p, hsa-miR-18a-5p, hsa-miR-21-5p, hsa-miR-324-5p, hsa-miR-133a-3p, hsa-miR-150-5p, hsa-miR-199a-5p, hsa-miR-128-3p and hsa-miR-221-3p can directly or indirectly target the studied genes by determining their modulation obtained in our study. The data from this study suggested that EVs obtained from hGMSCs may be considered for the cell free treatment option in hypoxia-driven cardiac tissue dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ylenia Della Rocca
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, University “G. D’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Francesca Diomede
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, University “G. D’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Fanì Konstantinidou
- Department of Psychological Health and Territorial Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, “G. D'Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Unit of Molecular Genetics, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), “G. D'Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Oriana Trubiani
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, University “G. D’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | | | - Sante D. Pierdomenico
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, University “G. D’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Valentina Gatta
- Department of Psychological Health and Territorial Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, “G. D'Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Unit of Molecular Genetics, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), “G. D'Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Liborio Stuppia
- Department of Psychological Health and Territorial Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, “G. D'Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Unit of Molecular Genetics, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), “G. D'Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Guya Diletta Marconi
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, University “G. D’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Jacopo Pizzicannella
- Department of Engineering and Geology, University “G. D’ Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Pescara, Italy
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21
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Wang YY, Cheng J, Liu YD, Wang YP, Yang QW, Zhou N. Exosome-based regenerative rehabilitation: A novel ice breaker for neurological disorders. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 169:115920. [PMID: 37995565 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurological disorders affect a large population, often leading to different levels of disability and resulting in decreased quality of life. Due to the limited recovery obtained from surgical procedures and other medical approaches, a large number of patients with prolonged dysfunction receive neurorehabilitation protocols to improve their neural plasticity and regeneration. However, the poor neural regeneration ability cannot effectively rebuild the tissue integrity and neural functional networks; consequently, the prognoses of neurorehabilitation remain undetermined. To increase the chances of neural regeneration and functional recovery for patients with neurological disorders, regenerative rehabilitation was introduced with combined regenerative medicine and neurorehabilitation protocols to repair neural tissue damage and create an optimized biophysical microenvironment for neural regeneration potential. With the deepening of exosome research, an increasing number of studies have found that the systemic therapeutic effects of neurorehabilitation approaches are mediated by exosomes released by physically stimulated cells, which provides new insight into rehabilitative mechanisms. Meanwhile, exosome therapy also serves as an alternative cell-free therapy of regenerative medicine that is applied in partnership with neurorehabilitation approaches and formulates exosome-based neurological regenerative rehabilitation. In this study, we review the current state of exosome-associated neurorehabilitation. On the one hand, we focus on presenting the varied mediating effects of exosomes in neurorehabilitation protocols of specific neurological pathologies; on the other hand, we discuss the diverse combinations of exosome therapies and neurorehabilitation approaches in the field of neurological regenerative rehabilitation, aiming to increase the awareness of exosome research and applications in the rehabilitation of neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yi Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Jin Cheng
- Department of Sport Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ya-Dong Liu
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Yi-Peng Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Qi-Wei Yang
- Medical Research Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China.
| | - Nan Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Province, China.
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22
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Liu Y, Luo Y, Zhang A, Wang Z, Wang X, Yu Q, Zhang Z, Zhu Z, Wang K, Chen L, Nie X, Zhang JH, Zhang J, Fang Y, Su Z, Chen S. Long Non-coding RNA H19 Promotes NLRP3-Mediated Pyroptosis After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Rats. Transl Stroke Res 2023; 14:987-1001. [PMID: 36418735 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-022-01104-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
NLRP3 inflammasomes have been reported to be an essential mediator in the inflammatory response during early brain injury (EBI) following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Recent studies have indicated that NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) H19 can participate in the inflammatory response. However, the roles and functions of lncRNA H19 in NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis during EBI after SAH are unknown and need to be further elucidated. NLRP3 inflammasome proteins were significantly elevated in CSF of human with SAH induced EBI and presented a positive correlation with severity. In ipsilateral hemisphere cortex of rats, these NLRP3 inflammasome proteins were also increased and accompanied with upregulation of H19, and both of NLRP3 and H19 were peaked at 24 h after SAH. However, knockdown of H19 markedly decreased the expression of NLRP3 inflammasome proteins at 24 h after SAH in rats and also ameliorated EBI, showing improved neurobehavioral deficits, cerebral edema, and neuronal injury. Moreover, knocking down of H19 downregulated the expression of Gasdermin D (GSDMD) in microglia in SAH rats. Similarly, knockdown of H19 also alleviated OxyHb-induced pyroptosis and NLRP3-mediated inflammasomes activation in primary microglia. Lastly, H19 competitively sponged with rno-miR-138-5p and then upregulated NLRP3 expression in the post-SAH inflammatory response. lncRNA H19 promotes NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis by functioning as rno-miR-138-5p sponge in rats during EBI after SAH, which might provide a potential therapeutic target for post-SAH inflammation regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibo Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Precise Treatment and Clinical Translational Research of Neurological Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yujie Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Precise Treatment and Clinical Translational Research of Neurological Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Ma Liu Shui, Hong Kong, China
| | - Anke Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Precise Treatment and Clinical Translational Research of Neurological Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zefeng Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Precise Treatment and Clinical Translational Research of Neurological Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Precise Treatment and Clinical Translational Research of Neurological Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qian Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Precise Treatment and Clinical Translational Research of Neurological Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zeyu Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Precise Treatment and Clinical Translational Research of Neurological Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhoule Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Precise Treatment and Clinical Translational Research of Neurological Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kaikai Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Precise Treatment and Clinical Translational Research of Neurological Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Luxi Chen
- Department of Medical Genetics, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohu Nie
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Huzhou Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine (Huzhou Central Hospital), Huzhou, China
| | - John H Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Jianmin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Precise Treatment and Clinical Translational Research of Neurological Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuanjian Fang
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Precise Treatment and Clinical Translational Research of Neurological Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Zhongzhou Su
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Huzhou Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine (Huzhou Central Hospital), Huzhou, China.
| | - Sheng Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Precise Treatment and Clinical Translational Research of Neurological Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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23
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Waseem A, Saudamini, Haque R, Janowski M, Raza SS. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes: Shaping the next era of stroke treatment. NEUROPROTECTION 2023; 1:99-116. [PMID: 38283953 PMCID: PMC10811806 DOI: 10.1002/nep3.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Exosome-based treatments are gaining traction as a viable approach to addressing the various issues faced by an ischemic stroke. These extracellular vesicles, mainly produced by Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs), exhibit many properties with substantial therapeutic potential. Exosomes are particularly appealing for stroke therapy because of their low immunogenicity, effective cargo transport, and ability to cross the blood-brain barrier. Their diverse effects include neuroprotection, angiogenesis stimulation, inflammatory response modulation, and cell death pathway attenuation, synergistically promoting neuronal survival, tissue regeneration, and functional recovery. Exosomes also show potential as diagnostic indicators for early stroke identification and customized treatment options. Despite these promising qualities, current exosome-based therapeutics have some limitations. The heterogeneity of exosome release among cell types, difficulty in standardization and isolation techniques, and complications linked to dosage and targeted administration necessitates extensive investigation. It is critical to thoroughly understand exosomal processes and their complicated interactions within the cellular milieu. To improve the practicality and efficacy of exosome-based medicines, research efforts must focus on improving production processes, developing robust evaluation criteria, and developing large-scale isolation techniques. Altogether, exosomes' multifunctional properties offer a new route for transforming stroke treatment and significantly improving patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arshi Waseem
- Laboratory for Stem Cell & Restorative Neurology, Department of Biotechnology, Era’s Lucknow Medical College Hospital, Era University, Sarfarazganj, Lucknow, India
| | - Saudamini
- Laboratory for Stem Cell & Restorative Neurology, Department of Biotechnology, Era’s Lucknow Medical College Hospital, Era University, Sarfarazganj, Lucknow, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Central University of South Bihar, Gaya, India
| | - Rizwanul Haque
- Department of Biotechnology, Central University of South Bihar, Gaya, India
| | - Miroslaw Janowski
- Center for Advanced Imaging Research, Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Syed Shadab Raza
- Laboratory for Stem Cell & Restorative Neurology, Department of Biotechnology, Era’s Lucknow Medical College Hospital, Era University, Sarfarazganj, Lucknow, India
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Era’s Lucknow Medical College Hospital, Era University, Sarfarazganj, Lucknow, India
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24
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Saenz-Pipaon G, Jover E, van der Bent ML, Orbe J, Rodriguez JA, Fernández-Celis A, Quax PHA, Paramo JA, López-Andrés N, Martín-Ventura JL, Nossent AY, Roncal C. Role of LCN2 in a murine model of hindlimb ischemia and in peripheral artery disease patients, and its potential regulation by miR-138-5P. Atherosclerosis 2023; 385:117343. [PMID: 37871404 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2023.117343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is a leading cause of morbimortality worldwide. Lipocalin-2 (LCN2) has been associated with higher risk of amputation or mortality in PAD and might be involved in muscle regeneration. Our aim is to unravel the role of LCN2 in skeletal muscle repair and PAD. METHODS AND RESULTS WT and Lcn2-/- mice underwent hindlimb ischemia. Blood and crural muscles were analyzed at the inflammatory and regenerative phases. At day 2, Lcn2-/- male mice, but not females, showed increased blood and soleus muscle neutrophils, and elevated circulating pro-inflammatory monocytes (p < 0.05), while locally, total infiltrating macrophages were reduced (p < 0.05). Moreover, Lcn2-/- soleus displayed an elevation of Cxcl1 (p < 0.001), and Cxcr2 (p < 0.01 in males), and a decrease in Ccl5 (p < 0.05). At day 15, Lcn2 deficiency delayed muscle recovery, with higher density of regenerating myocytes (p < 0.04) and arterioles (αSMA+, p < 0.025). Reverse target prediction analysis identified miR-138-5p as a potential regulator of LCN2, showing an inverse correlation with Lcn2 mRNA in skeletal muscles (rho = -0.58, p < 0.01). In vitro, miR-138-5p mimic reduced Lcn2 expression and luciferase activity in murine macrophages (p < 0.05). Finally, in human serum miR-138-5p was inversely correlated with LCN2 (p ≤ 0.001 adjusted, n = 318), and associated with PAD (Odds ratio 0.634, p = 0.02, adjusted, PAD n = 264, control n = 54). CONCLUSIONS This study suggests a possible dual role of LCN2 in acute and chronic conditions, with a probable role in restraining inflammation early after skeletal muscle ischemia, while being associated with vascular damage in PAD, and identifies miR-138-5p as one potential post-transcriptional regulator of LCN2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goren Saenz-Pipaon
- Laboratory of Atherothrombosis, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; IdiSNA, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Eva Jover
- IdiSNA, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Cardiovascular Translational Research, Navarrabiomed (Miguel Servet Foundation), Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - M Leontien van der Bent
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Josune Orbe
- Laboratory of Atherothrombosis, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; IdiSNA, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; RICORS-ICTUS, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose A Rodriguez
- Laboratory of Atherothrombosis, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; IdiSNA, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; CIBERCV, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Amaya Fernández-Celis
- IdiSNA, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Cardiovascular Translational Research, Navarrabiomed (Miguel Servet Foundation), Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Paul H A Quax
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Jose A Paramo
- Laboratory of Atherothrombosis, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; IdiSNA, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; CIBERCV, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain; Hematology Service, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Natalia López-Andrés
- IdiSNA, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Cardiovascular Translational Research, Navarrabiomed (Miguel Servet Foundation), Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | | | - Anne Yaël Nossent
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Carmen Roncal
- Laboratory of Atherothrombosis, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; IdiSNA, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; CIBERCV, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.
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25
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Fullerton JL, Cosgrove CC, Rooney RA, Work LM. Extracellular vesicles and their microRNA cargo in ischaemic stroke. J Physiol 2023; 601:4907-4921. [PMID: 35421904 PMCID: PMC10952288 DOI: 10.1113/jp282050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute ischaemic stroke (AIS) is a leading cause of death and disability. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNAs which hold the potential to act as a novel biomarker in AIS. The majority of circulating miRNAs are actively encapsulated by extracellular vesicles (EVs) produced by many cells and organs endogenously. EVs released by mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been extensively studied for their therapeutic potential. In health and disease, EVs are vital for intercellular communication, as the cargo within EVs can be exchanged between neighbouring cells or transported to distant sites. It is clear here from both current preclinical and clinical studies that AIS is associated with specific EV-derived miRNAs, including those transported via MSC-derived EVs. In addition, current studies provide evidence to show that modulating levels of specific EV-derived miRNAs in AIS provides a novel therapeutic potential of miRNAs in the treatment of stroke. Commonalities exist in altered miRNAs across preclinical and clinical studies. Of those EV-packaged miRNAs, miRNA-124 was described both as an EV-packaged biomarker and as a potential EV-loaded therapeutic in experimental models. Alterations of miRNA-17 family and miRNA-17-92 cluster were identified in preclinical, clinical and MSC-EV-mediated neuroprotection in experimental stroke. Finally, miRNA-30d and -30a were found to mediate therapeutic effect when overexpressed from MSC and implicated as a biomarker clinically. Combined, EV-derived miRNAs will further our understanding of the neuropathological processes triggered by AIS. In addition, this work will help determine the true clinical value of circulating EV-packaged miRNAs as biomarkers of AIS or as novel therapeutics in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josie L. Fullerton
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences College of Medical, Veterinary and Life SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Caitlin C. Cosgrove
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences College of Medical, Veterinary and Life SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Rebecca A. Rooney
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences College of Medical, Veterinary and Life SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Lorraine M. Work
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences College of Medical, Veterinary and Life SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
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26
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Shelash Al-Hawary SI, Yahya Ali A, Mustafa YF, Margiana R, Maksuda Ilyasovna S, Ramadan MF, Almalki SG, Alwave M, Alkhayyat S, Alsalamy A. The microRNAs (miRs) overexpressing mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) therapy in neurological disorders; hope or hype. Biotechnol Prog 2023; 39:e3383. [PMID: 37642165 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.3383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Altered expression of multiple miRNAs was found to be extensively involved in the pathogenesis of different neurological disorders including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, stroke, epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Huntington's disease. One of the biggest concerns within gene-based therapy is the delivery of the therapeutic microRNAs to the intended place, which is obligated to surpass the biological barriers without undergoing degradation in the bloodstream or renal excretion. Hence, the delivery of modified and unmodified miRNA molecules using excellent vehicles is required. In this light, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have attracted increasing attention. The MSCs can be genetically modified to express or overexpress a particular microRNA aimed with promote neurogenesis and neuroprotection. The current review has focused on the therapeutic capabilities of microRNAs-overexpressing MSCs to ameliorate functional deficits in neurological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anas Yahya Ali
- Department of Nursing, Al-maarif University College, Ramadi, Al-Anbar, Iraq
| | - Yasser Fakri Mustafa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq
| | - Ria Margiana
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Master's Programme Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Andrology Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
- Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | | | | | - Sami G Almalki
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marim Alwave
- Medical Technical College, Al-Farahidi University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Safa Alkhayyat
- College of Pharmacy, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq
| | - Ali Alsalamy
- College of Technical Engineering, Imam Ja'afar Al-Sadiq University, Al-Muthanna, Iraq
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27
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Li P, Yin R, Chen Y, Chang J, Yang L, Liu X, Xu H, Zhang X, Wang S, Han Q, Wei J. Engineered extracellular vesicles for ischemic stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis of preclinical studies. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:396. [PMID: 37904204 PMCID: PMC10617166 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-02114-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the efficacy of engineered extracellular vesicles (EEVs) in the treatment of ischemic stroke (IS) in preclinical studies and to compare them with natural extracellular vesicles (EVs). The systematic review provides an up-to-date overview of the current state of the literature on the use of EEVs for IS and informs future research in this area. METHODS We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Scopus databases for peer-reviewed preclinical studies on the therapeutic effect of EEVs on IS.Databases ranged from the inception to August 1, 2023. The outcome measures included infarct volumes, neurological scores, behavioral scores, apoptosis rates, numbers of neurons, and levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. The CAMARADES checklist was used to assess the quality and bias risks of the studies. All statistical analyses were performed using RevMan 5.4 software. RESULTS A total of 28 studies involving 1760 animals met the inclusion criteria. The results of the meta-analysis showed that compared to natural EVs, EEVs reduced infarct volume (percentage: SMD = -2.33, 95% CI: -2.92, -1.73; size: SMD = -2.36, 95% CI: -4.09, -0.63), improved neurological scores (mNSS: SMD = -1.78, 95% CI: -2.39, -1.17; Zea Longa: SMD = -2.75, 95% CI: -3.79, -1.71), promoted behavioral recovery (rotarod test: SMD = 2.50, 95% CI: 1.81, 3.18; grid-walking test: SMD = -3.45, 95% CI: -5.15, -1.75; adhesive removal test: SMD = -2.60, 95% CI: -4.27, -0.93; morris water maze test: SMD = -3.91, 95% CI: -7.03, -0.79), and reduced the release of proinflammatory factors (IL-1β: SMD = -2.02, 95% CI: -2.77, -1.27; IL-6: SMD = -3.01, 95% CI: -4.47, -1.55; TNF-α: SMD = -2.72, 95% CI: -4.30, -1.13), increasing the number of neurons (apoptosis rate: SMD = -2.24, 95% CI: -3.32, -1.16; the number of neurons: SMD = 3.70, 95% CI: 2.44, 4.96). The funnel plots for the two main outcome measures were asymmetric, indicating publication bias. The median score on the CAMARADES checklist was 7 points (IQR: 6-9). CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis shows that EEVs are superior to natural EVs for the treatment of IS. However, research in this field is still at an early stage, and more research is needed to fully understand the potential therapeutic mechanism of EEVs and their potential use in the treatment of IS. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42022368744.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengtao Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Yin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yihao Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianbo Chang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lang Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Houshi Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shihua Wang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qin Han
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Junji Wei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Filippenkov IB, Khrunin AV, Mozgovoy IV, Dergunova LV, Limborska SA. Are Ischemic Stroke and Alzheimer's Disease Genetically Consecutive Pathologies? Biomedicines 2023; 11:2727. [PMID: 37893101 PMCID: PMC10604604 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11102727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Complex diseases that affect the functioning of the central nervous system pose a major problem for modern society. Among these, ischemic stroke (IS) holds a special place as one of the most common causes of disability and mortality worldwide. Furthermore, Alzheimer's disease (AD) ranks first among neurodegenerative diseases, drastically reducing brain activity and overall life quality and duration. Recent studies have shown that AD and IS share several common risk and pathogenic factors, such as an overlapping genomic architecture and molecular signature. In this review, we will summarize the genomics and RNA biology studies of IS and AD, discussing the interconnected nature of these pathologies. Additionally, we highlight specific genomic points and RNA molecules that can serve as potential tools in predicting the risks of diseases and developing effective therapies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Svetlana A. Limborska
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, Kurchatov Sq. 2, 123182 Moscow, Russia (A.V.K.); (I.V.M.); (L.V.D.)
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29
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Mehryab F, Taghizadeh F, Goshtasbi N, Merati F, Rabbani S, Haeri A. Exosomes as cutting-edge therapeutics in various biomedical applications: An update on engineering, delivery, and preclinical studies. Biochimie 2023; 213:139-167. [PMID: 37207937 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2023.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are cell-derived nanovesicles, circulating in different body fluids, and acting as an intercellular mechanism. They can be purified from culture media of different cell types and carry an enriched content of various protein and nucleic acid molecules originating from their parental cells. It was indicated that the exosomal cargo can mediate immune responses via many signaling pathways. Over recent years, the therapeutic effects of various exosome types were broadly investigated in many preclinical studies. Herein, we present an update on recent preclinical studies on exosomes as therapeutic and/or delivery agents for various applications. The exosome origin, structural modifications, natural or loaded active ingredients, size, and research outcomes were summarized for various diseases. Overall, the present article provides an overview of the latest exosome research interests and developments to clear the way for the clinical study design and application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Mehryab
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Taghizadeh
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nazanin Goshtasbi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Faezeh Merati
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahram Rabbani
- Research Center for Advanced Technologies in Cardiovascular Medicine, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azadeh Haeri
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Protein Technology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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30
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Al-Dhalimy AMB, Salim HM, Shather AH, Naser IH, Hizam MM, Alshujery MK. The pathological and therapeutically role of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived exosome in degenerative diseases; Particular focus on LncRNA and microRNA. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 250:154778. [PMID: 37683391 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
By releasing exosomes, which create the ideal milieu for the resolution of inflammation, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) enhance tissue healing and have strong immunomodulatory capabilities. MSCs-derived exosome also can affect tumor progress by a myriad of mechanisms. Exosomes function as a cell-cell communication tool to affect cellular activity in recipient cells and include an array of efficient bioactive chemicals. Understanding the fundamental biology of inflammation ablation, tissue homeostasis, and the creation of therapeutic strategies is particularly interested in the horizontal transfer of exosomal long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA) and microRNAs (miRNAs) to recipient cells, where they affect target gene expression. Herein, we propose an exosomal lncRNA and microRNA profile in neurological, renal, cardiac, lung, and liver diseases as well as skin wounds and arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Haitham Mukhlif Salim
- Ministry of Health, Directorat of the Public Health, Health Promotion Departments, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - A H Shather
- Department of Computer Engineering Technology, Al Kitab University, Altun Kopru, Kirkuk 00964, Iraq
| | - Israa Habeeb Naser
- Medical Laboratories Techniques Department, AL-Mustaqbal University, 51001 Hillah, Babil, Iraq
| | - Manar Mohammed Hizam
- Collage of Pharmacy, National University of Science and Technology, Dhi Qar, Iraq
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31
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Dey A, Ghosh S, Bhuniya T, Koley M, Bera A, Guha S, Chakraborty K, Muthu S, Gorai S, Vorn R, Vadivalagan C, Anand K. Clinical Theragnostic Signature of Extracellular Vesicles in Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI). ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:2981-2994. [PMID: 37624044 PMCID: PMC10485905 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a common cause of disability and fatality worldwide. Depending on the clinical presentation, it is a type of acquired brain damage that can be mild, moderate, or severe. The degree of patient's discomfort, prognosis, therapeutic approach, survival rates, and recurrence can all be strongly impacted by an accurate diagnosis made early on. The Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), along with neuroimaging (MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) and CT scan), is a neurological assessment tools used to evaluate and categorize the severity of TBI based on the patient's level of consciousness, eye opening, and motor response. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a growing domain, explaining neurological complications in a more detailed manner. EVs, in general, play a role in cellular communication. Its molecular signature such as DNA, RNA, protein, etc. contributes to the status (health or pathological stage) of the parental cell. Brain-derived EVs support more specific screening (diagnostic and prognostic) in TBI research. Therapeutic impact of EVs are more promising for aiding in TBI healing. It is nontoxic, biocompatible, and capable of crossing the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to transport therapeutic molecules. This review has highlighted the relationships between EVs and TBI theranostics, EVs and TBI-related clinical trials, and related research domain-associated challenges and solutions. This review motivates further exploration of associations between EVs and TBI and develops a better approach to TBI management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuvab Dey
- Department
of Biological Sciences and Biological Engineering, IIT Guwahati, North
Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | | | - Tiyasa Bhuniya
- Department
of Biotechnology, NIT Durgapur, Mahatma Gandhi Rd, A-Zone, Durgapur, West Bengal 713209, India
| | - Madhurima Koley
- Chemistry
and Chemical Biology department, IIT(ISM), Dhanbad 826004, India
| | - Aishi Bera
- Heritage
Institute of Technology, Chowbaga, Anandapur, Kolkata 700107, India
| | - Sudeepta Guha
- Chemistry
and Chemical Biology department, IIT(ISM), Dhanbad 826004, India
| | | | - Sathish Muthu
- Department
of Orthopaedics, Orthopaedic Research Group, Coimbatore 641045, Tamil Nadu, India
- Department
of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore 641021, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sukhamoy Gorai
- Rush University
Medical Center, 1620 W Harrison St, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Rany Vorn
- School
of Nursing and Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
| | - Chithravel Vadivalagan
- Department
of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical
Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Krishnan Anand
- Department
of Chemical Pathology, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
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Pantazopoulou M, Lamprokostopoulou A, Karampela DS, Alexaki A, Delis A, Coens A, Samiotaki M, Kriebardis AG, Melki R, Pagakis SN, Stefanis L, Vekrellis K. Differential intracellular trafficking of extracellular vesicles in microglia and astrocytes. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:193. [PMID: 37391572 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04841-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as key players in cell-to-cell communication in both physiological and pathological processes in the Central Nervous System. Thus far, the intracellular pathways involved in uptake and trafficking of EVs within different cell types of the brain are poorly understood. In our study, the endocytic processes and subcellular sorting of EVs were investigated in primary glial cells, particularly linked with the EV-associated α-synuclein (α-syn) transmission. Mouse microglia and astrocytic primary cultures were incubated with DiI-stained mouse brain-derived EVs. The internalization and trafficking pathways were analyzed in cells treated with pharmacological reagents that block the major endocytic pathways. Brain-derived EVs were internalized by both glial cell types; however, uptake was more efficient in microglia than in astrocytes. Colocalization of EVs with early and late endocytic markers (Rab5, Lamp1) indicated that EVs are sorted to endo-lysosomes for subsequent processing. Blocking actin-dependent phagocytosis and/or macropinocytosis with Cytochalasin D or EIPA inhibited EV entry into glial cells, whereas treatment with inhibitors that strip cholesterol off the plasma membrane, induced uptake, however differentially altered endosomal sorting. EV-associated fibrillar α-Syn was efficiently internalized and detected in Rab5- and Lamp1-positive compartments within microglia. Our study strongly suggests that EVs enter glial cells through phagocytosis and/or macropinocytosis and are sorted to endo-lysosomes for subsequent processing. Further, brain-derived EVs serve as scavengers and mediate cell-to-glia transfer of pathological α-Syn which is also targeted to the endolysosomal pathway, suggesting a beneficial role in microglia-mediated clearance of toxic protein aggregates, present in numerous neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Pantazopoulou
- Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens-BRFAA, Clinical-Experimental Surgery & Translational Research, 4, Soranou Tou Efesiou Street, 11527, Athens, Greece.
| | | | | | - Anastasia Alexaki
- Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens-BRFAA, Centre of Basic Research, Athens, Greece
| | - Anastasios Delis
- Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens-BRFAA, Centre of Basic Research, Athens, Greece
| | - Audrey Coens
- Institut Francois Jacob (MIRCen), CEA and Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, CNRS, Fontenay-Aux-Roses Cedex, France
| | - Martina Samiotaki
- Institute for Bioinnovation, Biomedical Sciences Research Center 'Alexander Fleming', Fleming 34, 16672, Vari, Greece
| | - Anastasios G Kriebardis
- Laboratory of Reliability and Quality Control in Laboratory Hematology (HemQcR), Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Health & Welfare Sciences, University of West Attica (UniWA), Egaleo, Greece
| | - Ronald Melki
- Institut Francois Jacob (MIRCen), CEA and Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, CNRS, Fontenay-Aux-Roses Cedex, France
| | - Stamatis N Pagakis
- Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens-BRFAA, Centre of Basic Research, Athens, Greece
| | - Leonidas Stefanis
- Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens-BRFAA, Clinical-Experimental Surgery & Translational Research, 4, Soranou Tou Efesiou Street, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Kostas Vekrellis
- Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens-BRFAA, Centre of Basic Research, Athens, Greece
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Chen N, Wang YL, Sun HF, Wang ZY, Zhang Q, Fan FY, Ma YC, Liu FX, Zhang YK. Potential regulatory effects of stem cell exosomes on inflammatory response in ischemic stroke treatment. World J Stem Cells 2023; 15:561-575. [PMID: 37424949 PMCID: PMC10324506 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v15.i6.561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The high incidence and disability rates of stroke pose a heavy burden on society. Inflammation is a significant pathological reaction that occurs after an ischemic stroke. Currently, therapeutic methods, except for intravenous thrombolysis and vascular thrombectomy, have limited time windows. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can migrate, differentiate, and inhibit inflammatory immune responses. Exosomes (Exos), which are secretory vesicles, have the characteristics of the cells from which they are derived, making them attractive targets for research in recent years. MSC-derived exosomes can attenuate the inflammatory response caused by cerebral stroke by modulating damage-associated molecular patterns. In this review, research on the inflammatory response mechanisms associated with Exos therapy after an ischemic injury is discussed to provide a new approach to clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Chen
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan Province, China
| | - Yan-Lin Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China
| | - Hui-Fang Sun
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China
| | - Zhuo-Ya Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China
| | - Fei-Yan Fan
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan Province, China
| | - Yu-Cheng Ma
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan Province, China
| | - Fei-Xiang Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan Province, China
| | - Yun-Ke Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan Province, China
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450008, Henan Province, China
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Attaluri S, Jaimes Gonzalez J, Kirmani M, Vogel AD, Upadhya R, Kodali M, Madhu LN, Rao S, Shuai B, Babu RS, Huard C, Shetty AK. Intranasally administered extracellular vesicles from human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neural stem cells quickly incorporate into neurons and microglia in 5xFAD mice. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1200445. [PMID: 37424631 PMCID: PMC10323752 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1200445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Extracellular vesicles (EVs) released by human-induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived neural stem cells (NSCs) have robust antiinflammatory and neurogenic properties due to therapeutic miRNAs and proteins in their cargo. Hence, hiPSC-NSC-EVs are potentially an excellent biologic for treating neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Methods This study investigated whether intranasally (IN) administered hiPSC-NSC-EVs would quickly target various neural cell types in the forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain regions of 3-month-old 5xFAD mice, a model of β-amyloidosis and familial AD. We administered a single dose of 25 × 109 hiPSC-NSC-EVs labeled with PKH26, and different cohorts of naïve and 5xFAD mice receiving EVs were euthanized at 45 min or 6 h post-administration. Results At 45 min post-administration, EVs were found in virtually all subregions of the forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain of naïve and 5xFAD mice, with predominant targeting and internalization into neurons, interneurons, and microglia, including plaque-associated microglia in 5xFAD mice. EVs also came in contact with the plasma membranes of astrocytic processes and the soma of oligodendrocytes in white matter regions. Evaluation of CD63/CD81 expression with the neuronal marker confirmed that PKH26 + particles found within neurons were IN administered hiPSC-NSC-EVs. At 6 h post-administration, EVs persisted in all cell types in both groups, with the distribution mostly matching what was observed at 45 min post-administration. Area fraction (AF) analysis revealed that, in both naïve and 5xFAD mice, higher fractions of EVs incorporate into forebrain regions at both time points. However, at 45 min post-IN administration, AFs of EVs within cell layers in forebrain regions and within microglia in midbrain and hindbrain regions were lower in 5xFAD mice than naïve mice, implying that amyloidosis reduces EV penetrance. Discussion Collectively, the results provide novel evidence that IN administration of therapeutic hiPSC-NSC-EVs is an efficient avenue for directing such EVs into neurons and glia in all brain regions in the early stage of amyloidosis. As pathological changes in AD are observed in multiple brain areas, the ability to deliver therapeutic EVs into various neural cells in virtually every brain region in the early stage of amyloidosis is attractive for promoting neuroprotective and antiinflammatory effects.
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Duan J, Li H, Wang C, Yao J, Jin Y, Zhao J, Zhang Y, Liu M, Sun H. BMSC-derived extracellular vesicles promoted osteogenesis via Axin2 inhibition by delivering MiR-16-5p. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 120:110319. [PMID: 37216799 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis (OP) is a systemic bone disease caused by an imbalance in osteogenesis and osteoclastic resorption. Extracellular vesicles (EVs)-encapsulated miRNAs from bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) have been reported to participate in osteogenesis. MiR-16-5p is one of the miRNAs that regulates osteogenic differentiation; however, studies have shown that its role in osteogenesis is controversial. Thus, this study aims to investigate the role of miR-16-5p from BMSC-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) in osteogenic differentiation and uncover the underlying mechanisms. In this study, we used an ovariectomized (OVX) mouse model and an H2O2-treated BMSCs model to investigate the effects of BMSC-derived EVs and EV-encapsulated miR-16-5p on OP and the underlying mechanisms. Our results proved that the miR-16-5p level was significantly decreased in H2O2-treated BMSCs, bone tissues of OVX mice, and lumbar lamina tissues from osteoporotic women. EVs-encapsulated miR-16-5p from BMSCs could promote osteogenic differentiation. Moreover, the miR-16-5p mimics promoted osteogenic differentiation of H2O2-treated BMSCs, and the effects exerted by miR-16-5p were mediated by targeting Axin2, a scaffolding protein of GSK3β that negatively regulates the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. This study provides evidence that EVs-encapsulated miR-16-5p from BMSCs could promote osteogenic differentiation by repressing Axin2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Duan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China; Academy of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, 9 West Section, Lvshun South Road, Lvshunkou District, Dalian 116044, China.
| | - Changyuan Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
| | - Jialin Yao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
| | - Yue Jin
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
| | - Jianyu Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
| | - Yukun Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Development and Utilization of Genuine Medicinal Materials in Three Gorges Reservoir Area, Department of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Wanzhou, Chongqing, China.
| | - Mozhen Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
| | - Huijun Sun
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China; Academy of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, 9 West Section, Lvshun South Road, Lvshunkou District, Dalian 116044, China.
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Pan Y, Wu W, Jiang X, Liu Y. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases: From mechanisms to therapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 163:114817. [PMID: 37141733 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases (CVDs) remain an intractable problem and have high morbidity and mortality worldwide, as well as substantial health and economic burdens, representing an urgent clinical need. In recent years, the focus of research has shifted from the use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for transplantation to the use of their secretory exosomes (MSC-exosomes) for the treatment of numerous CVDs, including atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction (MI), heart failure (HF), ischemia/reperfusion (I/R), aneurysm, and stroke. MSCs are pluripotent stem cells with multiple differentiation pathways that exert pleiotropic effects by producing soluble factors, the most effective components of which are exosomes. MSC-exosomes are considered to be an excellent and promising cell-free therapy for CVDs due to their higher circulating stability, improved biocompatibility, reduced toxicity, and immunogenicity. In addition, exosomes play critical roles in repairing CVDs by inhibiting apoptosis, regulating inflammation, ameliorating cardiac remodeling, and promoting angiogenesis. Herein, we describe knowledge about the biological characteristics of MSC-exosomes, investigate the mechanism by which MSC-exosomes mediate therapeutic repair, and summarize recent advances in the efficacy of MSC-exosomes in CVDs, with a view toward future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Pan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The People's Hospital of Longhua Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518109, China.
| | - Weipeng Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shenzhen Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Xiaoxin Jiang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The People's Hospital of Longhua Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518109, China
| | - Yunhong Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The People's Hospital of Longhua Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518109, China
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Zhou H, He Y, Xiong W, Jing S, Duan X, Huang Z, Nahal GS, Peng Y, Li M, Zhu Y, Ye Q. MSC based gene delivery methods and strategies improve the therapeutic efficacy of neurological diseases. Bioact Mater 2023; 23:409-437. [PMCID: PMC9713256 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
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Zhou W, Zhao L, Mao Z, Wang Z, Zhang Z, Li M. Bidirectional Communication Between the Brain and Other Organs: The Role of Extracellular Vesicles. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2023:10.1007/s10571-023-01345-5. [PMID: 37067749 PMCID: PMC10106324 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-023-01345-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
A number of substances released by the brain under physiological and pathological conditions exert effects on other organs. In turn, substances produced primarily by organs such as bone marrow, adipose tissue, or the heart may have an impact on the metabolism and function and metabolism of the healthy and diseased brain. Despite a mounting amount of evidence supports such bidirectional communication between the brain and other organs, research on the function of molecular mediators carried by extracellular vesicles (EVs) is in the early stages. In addition to being able to target or reach practically any organ, EVs have the ability to cross the blood-brain barrier to transport a range of substances (lipids, peptides, proteins, and nucleic acids) to recipient cells, exerting biological effects. Here, we review the function of EVs in bidirectional communication between the brain and other organs. In a small number of cases, the role has been explicitly proven; yet, in most cases, it relies on indirect evidence from EVs in cell culture or animal models. There is a dearth of research currently available on the function of EVs-carrying mediators in the bidirectional communication between the brain and bone marrow, adipose tissue, liver, heart, lungs, and gut. Therefore, more studies are needed to determine how EVs facilitate communication between the brain and other organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17 Yongwai Street, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Lihong Zhao
- Department of Radiotherapy, Jilin Cancer Hospital, 1018 Huguang Street, Changchun, 130012, Jilin, China
| | - Zelu Mao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17 Yongwai Street, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhihua Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17 Yongwai Street, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhixiong Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17 Yongwai Street, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Meihua Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17 Yongwai Street, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China.
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Wang QS, Xiao RJ, Peng J, Yu ZT, Fu JQ, Xia Y. Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomal KLF4 Alleviated Ischemic Stroke Through Inhibiting N6-Methyladenosine Modification Level of Drp1 by Targeting lncRNA-ZFAS1. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:3945-3962. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03301-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
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Shan XQ, Luo YY, Chang J, Song JJ, Hao N, Zhao L. Immunomodulation: The next target of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes in the context of ischemic stroke. World J Stem Cells 2023; 15:52-70. [PMID: 37007453 PMCID: PMC10052343 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v15.i3.52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke (IS) is the most prevalent form of brain disease, characterized by high morbidity, disability, and mortality. However, there is still a lack of ideal prevention and treatment measures in clinical practice. Notably, the transplantation therapy of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has been a hot research topic in stroke. Nevertheless, there are risks associated with this cell therapy, including tumor formation, coagulation dysfunction, and vascular occlusion. Also, a growing number of studies suggest that the therapeutic effect after transplantation of MSCs is mainly attributed to MSC-derived exosomes (MSC-Exos). And this cell-free mediated therapy appears to circumvent many risks and difficulties when compared to cell therapy, and it may be the most promising new strategy for treating stroke as stem cell replacement therapy. Studies suggest that suppressing inflammation via modulation of the immune response is an additional treatment option for IS. Intriguingly, MSC-Exos mediates the inflammatory immune response following IS by modulating the central nervous system, the peripheral immune system, and immunomodulatory molecules, thereby promoting neurofunctional recovery after stroke. Thus, this paper reviews the role, potential mechanisms, and therapeutic potential of MSC-Exos in post-IS inflammation in order to identify new research targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Qian Shan
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300381, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin 300381, China
| | - Yong-Yin Luo
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300381, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin 300381, China
| | - Jun Chang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300381, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin 300381, China
| | - Jing-Jing Song
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300381, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin 300381, China
| | - Nan Hao
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300381, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin 300381, China
| | - Lan Zhao
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300381, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin 300381, China
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Hedayat M, Ahmadi M, Shoaran M, Rezaie J. Therapeutic application of mesenchymal stem cells derived exosomes in neurodegenerative diseases: A focus on non-coding RNAs cargo, drug delivery potential, perspective. Life Sci 2023; 320:121566. [PMID: 36907326 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Despite the massive efforts advanced over recent years in emerging therapies for neurodegenerative diseases, effective treatment for these diseases is still an urgent need. The application of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived exosomes (MSCs-Exo) as a novel therapy for neurodegenerative diseases holds great promise. A growing body of data now suggests that an innovative cell-free therapy, MSCs-Exo, may establish a fascinating alternative therapy due to their unique advantages over MSCs. Notable, MSCs-Exo can infiltrate the blood-brain barrier and then well distribute non-coding RNAs into injured tissues. Research shows that non-coding RNAs of MSCs-Exo are vital effectors that participate in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases through neurogeneration and neurite outgrowth, modulation of the immune system, reducing neuroinflammation, repairmen of damaged tissue, and promotion of neuroangiogenesis. In addition, MSCs-Exo can serve as a drug delivery system for delivering non-coding RNAs to neurons in neurodegenerative conditions. In this review, we summarize the recent progress in the therapeutic role of non-coding RNAs of MSCs-Exo for various neurodegenerative diseases. This study also discusses the potential drug delivery role of MSCs-Exo and challenges and opportunities in the clinical translation of MSCs-Exo-based therapies for neurodegenerative diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohaddeseh Hedayat
- Experimental and Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Mahdi Ahmadi
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maryam Shoaran
- Pediatric Health Research Center,Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Jafar Rezaie
- Solid Tumor Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
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Mot YY, Moses EJ, Mohd Yusoff N, Ling KH, Yong YK, Tan JJ. Mesenchymal Stromal Cells-Derived Exosome and the Roles in the Treatment of Traumatic Brain Injury. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2023; 43:469-489. [PMID: 35103872 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-022-01201-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) could result in life-long disabilities and death. Though the mechanical insult causes primary injury, the secondary injury due to dysregulated responses following neuronal apoptosis and inflammation is often the cause for more detrimental consequences. Mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) has been extensively investigated as the emerging therapeutic for TBI, and the functional properties are chiefly attributed to their secretome, especially the exosomes. Delivering these nanosize exosomes have shown to ameliorate post-traumatic injury and restore brain functions. Recent technology advances also allow engineering MSC-derived exosomes to carry specific biomolecules of interest to augment their therapeutic outcome. In this review, we discuss the pathophysiology of TBI and summarize the recent progress in the applications of MSCs-derived exosomes, the roles and the signalling mechanisms underlying the protective effects in the treatment of the TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yee Yik Mot
- Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, BertamKepala Batas, 13200, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Emmanuel Jairaj Moses
- Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, BertamKepala Batas, 13200, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.
| | - Narazah Mohd Yusoff
- Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, BertamKepala Batas, 13200, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - King-Hwa Ling
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yoke Keong Yong
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jun Jie Tan
- Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, BertamKepala Batas, 13200, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.
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Stem Cell-derived Extracellular Vesicles: A Promising Nano Delivery Platform to the Brain? Stem Cell Rev Rep 2023; 19:285-308. [PMID: 36173500 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-022-10455-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A very important cause of the frustration with drug therapy for central nervous system (CNS) diseases is the failure of drug delivery. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) prevents most therapeutic molecules from entering the brain while maintaining CNS homeostasis. Scientists are keen to develop new brain drug delivery systems to solve this dilemma. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), as a class of naturally derived nanoscale vesicles, have been extensively studied in drug delivery due to their superior properties. This review will briefly present current brain drug delivery strategies, including invasive and non-invasive techniques that target the brain, and the application of nanocarriers developed for brain drug delivery in recent years, especially EVs. The cellular origin of EVs affects the surface protein, size, yield, luminal composition, and other properties of EVs, which are also crucial in determining whether EVs are useful as drug carriers. Stem cell-derived EVs, which inherit the properties of parental cells and avoid the drawbacks of cell therapy, have always been favored by researchers. Thus, in this review, we will focus on the application of stem cell-derived EVs for drug delivery in the CNS. Various nucleic acids, proteins, and small-molecule drugs are loaded into EVs with or without modification and undergo targeted delivery to the brain to achieve their therapeutic effects. In addition, the challenges facing the clinical application of EVs as drug carriers will also be discussed. The directions of future efforts may be to improve drug loading efficiency and precise targeting.
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Exosomes as biomarkers and therapeutic measures for ischemic stroke. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 939:175477. [PMID: 36543286 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke (IS) is the leading cause of long-term disability in the world and characterized by high morbidity, recurrence, complications, and mortality. Due to the lack of early diagnostic indicators, limited therapeutic measures and inadequate prognostic indicators, the diagnosis and treatment of IS remains a particular challenge at present. It has recently been reported that exosomes (EXOs) play a significant role in the pathogenesis and treatment of IS. The purpose of this paper is to probe the role of EXOs in diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic measures for IS and to provide innovative ideas for improving the prognosis of IS.
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Cui J, Li Y, Zhu M, Liu Y, Liu Y. Analysis of the Research Hotspot of Exosomes in Cardiovascular Disease: A Bibliometric-based Literature Review. Curr Vasc Pharmacol 2023; 21:316-345. [PMID: 37779407 DOI: 10.2174/0115701611249727230920042944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the current status and development trend of research on exosomes in cardiovascular disease (CVD) using bibliometric analysis and to elucidate trending research topics. METHODS Research articles on exosomes in CVD published up to April 2022 were retrieved from the Web of Science database. Data were organized using Microsoft Office Excel 2019. CiteSpace 6.1 and VOSviewer 1.6.18 were used for bibliometric analysis and result visualization. RESULTS Overall, 256 original research publications containing 190 fundamental research publications and 66 clinical research publications were included. "Extracellular vesicle" was the most frequent research keyword, followed by "microrna," "apoptosis," and "angiogenesis." Most publications were from China (187, 73.05%), followed by the United States (57, 22.27%), the United Kingdom (7, 2.73%), and Japan (7, 2.73%). A systematic review of the publications revealed that myocardial infarction and stroke were the most popular topics and that exosomes and their contents, such as microRNAs (miRNAs), play positive roles in neuroprotection, inhibition of autophagy and apoptosis, promotion of angiogenesis, and protection of cardiomyocytes. CONCLUSION Research on exosomes in CVD has attracted considerable attention, with China having the most published studies. Fundamental research has focused on CVD pathogenesis; exosomes regulate the progression of CVD through biological processes, such as the inflammatory response, autophagy, and apoptosis. Clinical research has focused on biomarkers for CVD; studies on using miRNAs in exosomes as disease markers for diagnosis could become a future trend.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Cui
- National Clinical Research Centre for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yiwen Li
- National Clinical Research Centre for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mengmeng Zhu
- National Clinical Research Centre for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanfei Liu
- National Clinical Research Centre for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Second Department of Geriatrics, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Liu
- National Clinical Research Centre for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Norouzi-Barough L, Asgari Khosroshahi A, Gorji A, Zafari F, Shahverdi Shahraki M, Shirian S. COVID-19-Induced Stroke and the Potential of Using Mesenchymal Stem Cells-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in the Regulation of Neuroinflammation. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2023; 43:37-46. [PMID: 35025001 PMCID: PMC8755896 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-021-01169-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke (IS) is a known neurological complication of COVID-19 infection, which is associated with high mortality and disability. Following IS, secondary neuroinflammation that occurs can play both harmful and beneficial roles and lead to further injury or repair of damaged neuronal tissue, respectively. Since inflammation plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of COVID-19-induced stroke, targeting neuroinflammation could be an effective strategy for modulating the immune responses following ischemic events. Numerous investigations have indicated that the application of mesenchymal stem cells-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) improves functional recovery following stroke, mainly through reducing neuroinflammation as well as promoting neurogenesis and angiogenesis. Therefore, MSC-EVs can be applied for the regulation of SARS-CoV-2-mediated inflammation and the management of COVID-19- related ischemic events. In this study, we have first described the advantages and disadvantages of neuroinflammation in the pathological evolution after IS and summarized the characteristics of neuroinflammation in COVID-19-related stroke. Then, we have discussed the potential benefit of MSC-EVs in the regulation of inflammatory responses after COVID-19-induced ischemic events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyla Norouzi-Barough
- Acquired Immunodeficiency Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Ali Gorji
- Epilepsy Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universitat Münster, Munster, Germany
- Shefa Neuroscience Research Center, Khatam Alanbia Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fariba Zafari
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non- Communicable Disease, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | | | - Sadegh Shirian
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran.
- Shiraz Molecular Pathology Research Center, Dr. Daneshbod Pathol Lab, Shiraz, Iran.
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Isaković J, Šerer K, Barišić B, Mitrečić D. Mesenchymal stem cell therapy for neurological disorders: The light or the dark side of the force? Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1139359. [PMID: 36926687 PMCID: PMC10011535 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1139359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurological disorders are recognized as major causes of death and disability worldwide. Because of this, they represent one of the largest public health challenges. With awareness of the massive burden associated with these disorders, came the recognition that treatment options were disproportionately scarce and, oftentimes, ineffective. To address these problems, modern research is increasingly looking into novel, more effective methods to treat neurological patients; one of which is cell-based therapies. In this review, we present a critical analysis of the features, challenges, and prospects of one of the stem cell types that can be employed to treat numerous neurological disorders-mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Despite the fact that several studies have already established the safety of MSC-based treatment approaches, there are still some reservations within the field regarding their immunocompatibility, heterogeneity, stemness stability, and a range of adverse effects-one of which is their tumor-promoting ability. We additionally examine MSCs' mechanisms of action with respect to in vitro and in vivo research as well as detail the findings of past and ongoing clinical trials for Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease, ischemic stroke, glioblastoma multiforme, and multiple sclerosis. Finally, this review discusses prospects for MSC-based therapeutics in the form of biomaterials, as well as the use of electromagnetic fields to enhance MSCs' proliferation and differentiation into neuronal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmina Isaković
- Omnion Research International, Zagreb, Croatia.,Department of Histology and Embryology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Klara Šerer
- University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Barbara Barišić
- University of Zagreb School of Dental Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dinko Mitrečić
- Department of Histology and Embryology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia.,Laboratory for Stem Cells, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
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48
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Li M, Chen H, Zhu M. Mesenchymal stem cells for regenerative medicine in central nervous system. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:1068114. [PMID: 36583105 PMCID: PMC9793714 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1068114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stem cells, whose paracrine and immunomodulatory potential has made them a promising candidate for central nervous system (CNS) regeneration. Numerous studies have demonstrated that MSCs can promote immunomodulation, anti-apoptosis, and axon re-extension, which restore functional neural circuits. The therapeutic effects of MSCs have consequently been evaluated for application in various CNS diseases including spinal cord injury, cerebral ischemia, and neurodegenerative disease. In this review, we will focus on the research works published in the field of mechanisms and therapeutic effects of MSCs in CNS regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Li
- Department of Anesthesia, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Anesthesia, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Mingxin Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China,*Correspondence: Mingxin Zhu,
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49
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Exosomes in Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury: Current Perspectives and Future Challenges. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12121657. [PMID: 36552117 PMCID: PMC9776031 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12121657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia impedes the functional or metabolic demands of the central nervous system (CNS), which subsequently leads to irreversible brain damage. While recanalization of blocked vessels recovers cerebral blood flow, it can also aggravate brain injury, termed as ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Exosomes, nanometric membrane vesicles, attracted wide attention as carriers of biological macromolecules. In the brain, exosomes can be secreted by almost all types of cells, and their contents can be altered during the pathological and clinical processes of cerebral I/R injury. Herein, we will review the current literature on the possible role of cargos derived from exosomes and exosomes-mediated intercellular communication in cerebral I/R injury. The PubMed and Web of Science databases were searched through January 2015. The studies published in English were identified using search terms including "exosomes", "cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury", "brain ischemia-reperfusion injury", and "stroke". We will also focus on the potential therapeutic effects of stem cell-derived exosomes and underlying mechanisms in cerebral I/R injury. Meanwhile, with the advantages of low immunogenicity and cytotoxicity, high bioavailability, and the capacity to pass through the blood-brain barrier, exosomes also attract more attention as therapeutic modalities for the treatment of cerebral I/R injury.
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50
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Seyedaghamiri F, Salimi L, Ghaznavi D, Sokullu E, Rahbarghazi R. Exosomes-based therapy of stroke, an emerging approach toward recovery. Cell Commun Signal 2022; 20:110. [PMID: 35869548 PMCID: PMC9308232 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-022-00919-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractBased on clinical observations, stroke is touted as one of the specific pathological conditions, affecting an individual’s life worldwide. So far, no effective treatment has been introduced to deal with stroke post-complications. Production and release of several neurotrophic factors by different cells exert positive effects on ischemic areas following stroke. As a correlate, basic and clinical studies have focused on the development and discovery of de novo modalities to introduce these factors timely and in appropriate doses into the affected areas. Exosomes (Exo) are non-sized vesicles released from many cells during pathological and physiological conditions and participate in intercellular communication. These particles transfer several arrays of signaling molecules, like several neurotrophic factors into the acceptor cells and induce specific signaling cascades in the favor of cell bioactivity. This review aimed to highlight the emerging role of exosomes as a therapeutic approach in the regeneration of ischemic areas.
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