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Huang LY, Zhang YD, Chen J, Fan HD, Wang W, Wang B, Ma JY, Li PP, Pu HW, Guo XY, Shen JG, Qi SH. Maintaining moderate levels of hypochlorous acid promotes neural stem cell proliferation and differentiation in the recovery phase of stroke. Neural Regen Res 2025; 20:845-857. [PMID: 38886957 PMCID: PMC11433893 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.392889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
JOURNAL/nrgr/04.03/01300535-202503000-00029/figure1/v/2024-06-17T092413Z/r/image-tiff It has been shown clinically that continuous removal of ischemia/reperfusion-induced reactive oxygen species is not conducive to the recovery of late stroke. Indeed, previous studies have shown that excessive increases in hypochlorous acid after stroke can cause severe damage to brain tissue. Our previous studies have found that a small amount of hypochlorous acid still exists in the later stage of stroke, but its specific role and mechanism are currently unclear. To simulate stroke in vivo, a middle cerebral artery occlusion rat model was established, with an oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation model established in vitro to mimic stroke. We found that in the early stage (within 24 hours) of ischemic stroke, neutrophils produced a large amount of hypochlorous acid, while in the recovery phase (10 days after stroke), microglia were activated and produced a small amount of hypochlorous acid. Further, in acute stroke in rats, hypochlorous acid production was prevented using a hypochlorous acid scavenger, taurine, or myeloperoxidase inhibitor, 4-aminobenzoic acid hydrazide. Our results showed that high levels of hypochlorous acid (200 μM) induced neuronal apoptosis after oxygen/glucose deprivation/reoxygenation. However, in the recovery phase of the middle cerebral artery occlusion model, a moderate level of hypochlorous acid promoted the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells into neurons and astrocytes. This suggests that hypochlorous acid plays different roles at different phases of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. Lower levels of hypochlorous acid (5 and 100 μM) promoted nuclear translocation of β-catenin. By transfection of single-site mutation plasmids, we found that hypochlorous acid induced chlorination of the β-catenin tyrosine 30 residue, which promoted nuclear translocation. Altogether, our study indicates that maintaining low levels of hypochlorous acid plays a key role in the recovery of neurological function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Yan Huang
- School of Medical Technology, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Laboratory Diagnostics, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yi-De Zhang
- School of Medical Technology, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Laboratory Diagnostics, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jie Chen
- School of Medical Technology, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Laboratory Diagnostics, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hai-Di Fan
- School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Branch Hospital of Huai’an First People’s Hospital, Huai’an, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wan Wang
- School of Medical Technology, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Laboratory Diagnostics, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ju-Yun Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Peng-Peng Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hai-Wei Pu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xin-Yian Guo
- School of Medical Technology, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Laboratory Diagnostics, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jian-Gang Shen
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Su-Hua Qi
- School of Medical Technology, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Laboratory Diagnostics, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
- School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
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Wang HS, Karnik SJ, Margetts TJ, Plotkin LI, Movila A, Fehrenbacher JC, Kacena MA, Oblak AL. Mind Gaps and Bone Snaps: Exploring the Connection Between Alzheimer's Disease and Osteoporosis. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2024; 22:483-494. [PMID: 38236512 PMCID: PMC11420299 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-023-00851-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This comprehensive review discusses the complex relationship between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and osteoporosis, two conditions that are prevalent in the aging population and result in adverse complications on quality of life. The purpose of this review is to succinctly elucidate the many commonalities between the two conditions, including shared pathways, inflammatory and oxidative mechanisms, and hormonal deficiencies. RECENT FINDINGS AD and osteoporosis share many aspects of their respective disease-defining pathophysiology. These commonalities include amyloid beta deposition, the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, and estrogen deficiency. The shared mechanisms and risk factors associated with AD and osteoporosis result in a large percentage of patients that develop both diseases. Previous literature has established that the progression of AD increases the risk of sustaining a fracture. Recent findings demonstrate that the reverse may also be true, suggesting that a fracture early in the life course can predispose one to developing AD due to the activation of these shared mechanisms. The discovery of these commonalities further guides the development of novel therapeutics in which both conditions are targeted. This detailed review delves into the commonalities between AD and osteoporosis to uncover the shared players that bring these two seemingly unrelated conditions together. The discussion throughout this review ultimately posits that the occurrence of fractures and the mechanism behind fracture healing can predispose one to developing AD later on in life, similar to how AD patients are at an increased risk of developing fractures. By focusing on the shared mechanisms between AD and osteoporosis, one can better understand the conditions individually and as a unit, thus informing therapeutic approaches and further research. This review article is part of a series of multiple manuscripts designed to determine the utility of using artificial intelligence for writing scientific reviews.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah S Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Sonali J Karnik
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Tyler J Margetts
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Lilian I Plotkin
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Alexandru Movila
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Comprehensive Care, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Jill C Fehrenbacher
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Melissa A Kacena
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
- Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
| | - Adrian L Oblak
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
- Department of Radiology & Imaging Sciences, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
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Dai N, Su X, Li A, Li J, Jiang D, Wang Y. DVL/GSK3/ISL1 pathway signaling: unraveling the mechanism of SIRT3 in neurogenesis and AD therapy. Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 15:299. [PMID: 39267160 PMCID: PMC11395226 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-024-03925-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The established association between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and compromised neural regeneration is well-documented. In addition to the mitigation of apoptosis in neural stem cells (NSCs), the induction of neurogenesis has been proposed as a promising therapeutic strategy for AD. Our previous research has demonstrated the effective inhibition of NSC injury induced by microglial activation through the repression of oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction by Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3). Nonetheless, the precise role of SIRT3 in neurogenesis remains incompletely understood. METHODS In vivo, SIRT3 overexpression adenovirus was firstly injected by brain stereotaxic localization to affect the hippocampal SIRT3 expression in APP/PS1 mice, and then behavioral experiments were performed to investigate the cognitive improvement of SIRT3 in APP/PS1 mice, as well as neurogenic changes in hippocampal region by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. In vitro, under the transwell co-culture condition of microglia and neural stem cells, the mechanism of SIRT3 improving neurogenesis of neural stem cells through DVL/GSK3/ISL1 axis was investigated by immunoblotting, immunofluorescence and other experimental methods. RESULTS Our findings indicate that the overexpression of SIRT3 in APP/PS1 mice led to enhanced cognitive function and increased neurogenesis. Additionally, SIRT3 was observed to promote the differentiation of NSCs into neurons during retinoic acid (RA)-induced NSC differentiation in vitro, suggesting a potential role in neurogenesis. Furthermore, we observed the activation of the Wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathway during this process, with Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3a (GSK3a) primarily governing NSC proliferation and GSK3ß predominantly regulating NSC differentiation. Moreover, the outcomes of our study demonstrate that SIRT3 exerts a protective effect against microglia-induced apoptosis in neural stem cells through its interaction with DVLs. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that SIRT3 overexpressing APP/PS1 mice have improved cognition and neurogenesis, as well as improved neurogenesis of NSC in microglia and NSC transwell co-culture conditions through the DVL/GSK3/ISL1 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Dai
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaorong Su
- Department of Pharmacy, Women and Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, 10# Zhenhai Road, Xiamen, China
| | - Aihua Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinglan Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Deqi Jiang
- Department of Biology and Pharmacy, Yulin Normal University, Yulin, 537000, Guangxi, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, Guangdong, China.
- Laboratory of Research of New Chinese Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, Guangdong, China.
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Shekho D, Mishra R, Kamal R, Bhatia R, Awasthi A. Breaking Barriers in Alzheimer's Disease: the Role of Advanced Drug Delivery Systems. AAPS PharmSciTech 2024; 25:207. [PMID: 39237748 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-024-02923-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/18/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), characterized by cognitive impairment, brain plaques, and tangles, is a global health concern affecting millions. It involves the build-up of amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau proteins, the formation of neuritic plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, cholinergic system dysfunction, genetic variations, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Various signaling pathways and metabolic processes are implicated in AD, along with numerous biomarkers used for diagnosis, risk assessment, and research. Despite these, there is no cure or effective treatment for AD. It is critically important to address this immediately to develop novel drug delivery systems (NDDS) capable of targeting the brain and delivering therapeutic agents to modulate the pathological processes of AD. This review summarizes AD, its pathogenesis, related signaling pathways, biomarkers, conventional treatments, the need for NDDS, and their application in AD treatment. It also covers preclinical, clinical, and ongoing trials, patents, and marketed AD formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devank Shekho
- Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Ritika Mishra
- Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Raj Kamal
- Department of Quality Assurance, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Rohit Bhatia
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Ankit Awasthi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India.
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India.
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Sai Varshini M, Aishwarya Reddy R, Thaggikuppe Krishnamurthy P. Unlocking hope: GSK-3 inhibitors and Wnt pathway activation in Alzheimer's therapy. J Drug Target 2024; 32:909-917. [PMID: 38838023 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2024.2365263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder characterised by progressive cognitive decline and the accumulation of amyloid-β plaques and tau tangles. The Wnt signalling pathway known for its crucial role in neurodevelopment and adult neurogenesis has emerged as a potential target for therapeutic intervention in AD. Glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (GSK-3β), a key regulator of the Wnt pathway, plays a pivotal role in AD pathogenesis by promoting tau hyperphosphorylation and neuroinflammation. Several preclinical studies have demonstrated that inhibiting GSK-3β leads to the activation of Wnt pathway thereby promoting neuroprotective effects, and mitigating cognitive deficits in AD animal models. The modulation of Wnt signalling appears to have multifaceted benefits including the reduction of amyloid-β production, tau hyperphosphorylation, enhancement of synaptic plasticity, and inhibition of neuroinflammation. These findings suggest that targeting GSK-3β to activate Wnt pathway may represent a novel approach for slowing or halting the progression of AD. This hypothesis reviews the current state of research exploring the activation of Wnt pathway through the inhibition of GSK-3β as a promising therapeutic strategy in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magham Sai Varshini
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Ooty, India
| | - Ramakkamma Aishwarya Reddy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Ooty, India
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Arshavsky YI. Autoimmune hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease: unanswered question. J Neurophysiol 2024; 132:929-942. [PMID: 39163023 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00259.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) was described more than a century ago. However, there are still no effective approaches to its treatment, which may suggest that the search for the cure is not being conducted in the most productive direction. AD begins as selective impairments of declarative memory with no deficits in other cognitive functions. Therefore, understanding of the AD pathogenesis has to include the understanding of this selectivity. Currently, the main efforts aimed at prevention and treatment of AD are based on the dominating hypothesis for the AD pathogenesis: the amyloid hypothesis. But this hypothesis does not explain selective memory impairments since β-amyloid accumulates extracellularly and should be toxic to all types of cerebral neurons, not only to "memory engram neurons." To explain selective memory impairment, I propose the autoimmune hypothesis of AD, based on the analysis of risk factors for AD and molecular mechanisms of memory formation. Memory formation is associated with epigenetic modifications of chromatin in memory engram neurons and, therefore, might be accompanied by the expression of memory-specific proteins recognized by the adaptive immune system as "non-self" antigens. Normally, the brain is protected by the blood-brain barrier (BBB). All risk factors for AD provoke BBB disruptions, possibly leading to an autoimmune reaction against memory engram neurons. This reaction would make them selectively sensitive to tauopathy. If this hypothesis is confirmed, the strategies for AD prevention and treatment would be radically changed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri I Arshavsky
- BioCircuits Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States
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7
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Wanionok NE, Morel GR, Fernández JM. Osteoporosis and Alzheimer´s disease (or Alzheimer´s disease and Osteoporosis). Ageing Res Rev 2024; 99:102408. [PMID: 38969142 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) and osteoporosis are two diseases that mainly affect elderly people, with increases in the occurrence of cases due to a longer life expectancy. Several epidemiological studies have shown a reciprocal association between both diseases, finding an increase in incidence of osteoporosis in patients with AD, and a higher burden of AD in osteoporotic patients. This epidemiological relationship has motivated the search for molecules, genes, signaling pathways and mechanisms that are related to both pathologies. The mechanisms found in these studies can serve to improve treatments and establish better patient care protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahuel E Wanionok
- Laboratorio de Osteopatías y Metabolismo Mineral (LIOMM), Facultad de Cs. Exactas. Universidad Nacional de La Plata UNLP-CIC, Argentina
| | - Gustavo R Morel
- Biochemistry Research Institute of La Plata "Professor Doctor Rodolfo R. Brenner" (INIBIOLP), Argentina
| | - Juan M Fernández
- Laboratorio de Osteopatías y Metabolismo Mineral (LIOMM), Facultad de Cs. Exactas. Universidad Nacional de La Plata UNLP-CIC, Argentina.
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8
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Ke C, Shan S, Tan Y, Cao Y, Xie Z, Shi S, Pan J, Zhang W. Signaling pathways in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease with acupuncture: a narrative review. Acupunct Med 2024; 42:216-230. [PMID: 38859546 DOI: 10.1177/09645284241256669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To date, there is no effective treatment for Alzheimer's disease (AD), a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that is increasing in prevalence worldwide. The objective of this review was to summarize the core targets and signaling pathways involved in acupuncture treatment for AD. METHODS We reviewed numerous signaling pathways, including mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-protein kinase B (PI3 K/Akt), adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), nuclear factor (NF)-kB, p53, Wnt, nitric oxide (NO), Janus kinase / signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/ STAT), RhoA/ROCK (Rho-associated protein kinase) and Ca2+/ calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) / cyclic adenosine monophosphate-response element-binding protein (CREB). The relevant data were obtained from PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and Wanfang databases. RESULTS In summary, the effects of acupuncture are mediated by multiple targets and pathways. Furthermore, acupuncture can improve pathological changes associated with AD (such as abnormal deposition of amyloid (A)β, tau hyperphosphorylation, synaptic dysfunction and neuronal apoptosis) through multiple signaling pathways. CONCLUSION Overall, our findings provide a basis for future research into the effects of acupuncture on AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Ke
- The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Shengtao Shan
- The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Yan Tan
- The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Yang Cao
- The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Zhengrong Xie
- The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Senjie Shi
- The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Jiang Pan
- The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
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9
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Abdalla MMI. Insulin resistance as the molecular link between diabetes and Alzheimer's disease. World J Diabetes 2024; 15:1430-1447. [PMID: 39099819 PMCID: PMC11292327 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v15.i7.1430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are two major health concerns that have seen a rising prevalence worldwide. Recent studies have indicated a possible link between DM and an increased risk of developing AD. Insulin, while primarily known for its role in regulating blood sugar, also plays a vital role in protecting brain functions. Insulin resistance (IR), especially prevalent in type 2 diabetes, is believed to play a significant role in AD's development. When insulin signalling becomes dysfunctional, it can negatively affect various brain functions, making individuals more susceptible to AD's defining features, such as the buildup of beta-amyloid plaques and tau protein tangles. Emerging research suggests that addressing insulin-related issues might help reduce or even reverse the brain changes linked to AD. This review aims to explore the rela-tionship between DM and AD, with a focus on the role of IR. It also explores the molecular mechanisms by which IR might lead to brain changes and assesses current treatments that target IR. Understanding IR's role in the connection between DM and AD offers new possibilities for treatments and highlights the importance of continued research in this interdisciplinary field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Mohamed Ibrahim Abdalla
- Department of Human Biology, School of Medicine, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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10
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Shen Y, Zhao M, Zhao P, Meng L, Zhang Y, Zhang G, Taishi Y, Sun L. Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic potential of lithium in Alzheimer's disease: repurposing an old class of drugs. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1408462. [PMID: 39055498 PMCID: PMC11269163 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1408462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cognitive decline and memory loss. Despite advances in understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms of AD, effective treatments remain scarce. Lithium salts, recognized as mood stabilizers in bipolar disorder, have been extensively studied for their neuroprotective effects. Several studies indicate that lithium may be a disease-modifying agent in the treatment of AD. Lithium's neuroprotective properties in AD by acting on multiple neuropathological targets, such as reducing amyloid deposition and tau phosphorylation, enhancing autophagy, neurogenesis, and synaptic plasticity, regulating cholinergic and glucose metabolism, inhibiting neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis, while preserving mitochondrial function. Clinical trials have demonstrated that lithium therapy can improve cognitive function in patients with AD. In particular, meta-analyses have shown that lithium may be a more effective and safer treatment than the recently FDA-approved aducanumab for improving cognitive function in patients with AD. The affordability and therapeutic efficacy of lithium have prompted a reassessment of its use. However, the use of lithium may lead to potential side effects and safety issues, which may limit its clinical application. Currently, several new lithium formulations are undergoing clinical trials to improve safety and efficacy. This review focuses on lithium's mechanism of action in treating AD, highlighting the latest advances in preclinical studies and clinical trials. It also explores the side effects of lithium therapy and coping strategies, offering a potential therapeutic strategy for patients with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxin Shen
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
- Cognitive Center, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Meng Zhao
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
- Cognitive Center, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Panpan Zhao
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
- Cognitive Center, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Lingjie Meng
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
- Cognitive Center, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
- Cognitive Center, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Guimei Zhang
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
- Cognitive Center, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Yezi Taishi
- Department of Cadre Ward, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Li Sun
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
- Cognitive Center, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
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El-Sayed NS, Khalil NA, Saleh SR, Aly RG, Basta M. The Possible Neuroprotective Effect of Caffeic Acid on Cognitive Changes and Anxiety-Like Behavior Occurring in Young Rats Fed on High-Fat Diet and Exposed to Chronic Stress: Role of β-Catenin/GSK-3B Pathway. J Mol Neurosci 2024; 74:61. [PMID: 38954245 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-024-02232-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Lifestyle influences physical and cognitive development during the period of adolescence greatly. The most important of these lifestyle factors are diet and stress. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the impact of high fat diet (HFD) and chronic mild stress on cognitive function and anxiety-like behaviors in young rats and to study the role of caffeic acid as a potential treatment for anxiety and cognitive dysfunction. Forty rats were assigned into 4 groups: control, HFD, HFD + stress, and caffeic acid-treated group. Rats were sacrificed after neurobehavioral testing. We detected memory impairment and anxiety-like behavior in rats which were more exaggerated in stressed rats. Alongside the behavioral changes, there were biochemical and histological changes. HFD and/or stress decreased hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels and induced oxidative and inflammatory changes in the hippocampus. In addition, they suppressed Wnt/β-catenin pathway which was associated with activation of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β). HFD and stress increased arginase 1 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) levels as well. These disturbances were found to be aggravated in stressed rats than HFD group. However, caffeic acid was able to reverse these deteriorations leading to memory improvement and ameliorating anxiety-like behavior. So, the current study highlights an important neuroprotective role for caffeic acid that may guard against induction of cognitive dysfunction and anxiety disorders in adolescents who are exposed to HFD and/or stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norhan S El-Sayed
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt.
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Nehal Adel Khalil
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Samar R Saleh
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Baghdad St., Moharam Bek, Alexandria, 21511, Egypt
- Bioscreening and Preclinical Trial Lab, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Baghdad St., Moharam Bek, Alexandria, 21511, Egypt
| | - Rania G Aly
- Department of pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Marianne Basta
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
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12
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Rishabh, Rohilla M, Bansal S, Bansal N, Chauhan S, Sharma S, Goyal N, Gupta S. Estrogen signalling and Alzheimer's disease: Decoding molecular mechanisms for therapeutic breakthrough. Eur J Neurosci 2024; 60:3466-3490. [PMID: 38726764 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
In females, Alzheimer's disease (AD) incidences increases as compared to males due to estrogen deficiency after menopause. Estrogen therapy is the mainstay therapy for menopause and associated complications. Estrogen, a hormone with multifaceted physiological functions, has been implicated in AD pathophysiology. Estrogen plays a crucial role in amyloid precursor protein (APP) processing and overall neuronal health by regulating various factors such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), intracellular calcium signalling, death domain-associated protein (Daxx) translocation, glutamatergic excitotoxicity, Voltage-Dependent Anion Channel, Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 Receptor, estrogen-metabolising enzymes and apolipoprotein E (ApoE) protein polymorphisms. All these factors impact the physiology of postmenopausal women. Estrogen replacement therapies play an important treatment strategy to prevent AD after menopause. However, use of these therapies may lead to increased risks of breast cancer, venous thromboembolism and cardiovascular disease. Various therapeutic approaches have been used to mitigate the effects of estrogen on AD. These include hormone replacement therapy, Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs), Estrogen Receptor Beta (ERβ)-Selective Agonists, Transdermal Estrogen Delivery, Localised Estrogen Delivery, Combination Therapies, Estrogen Metabolism Modulation and Alternative Estrogenic Compounds like genistein from soy, a notable phytoestrogen from plant sources. However, mechanism via which these approaches modulate AD in postmenopausal women has not been explained earlier thoroughly. Present review will enlighten all the molecular mechanisms of estrogen and estrogen replacement therapies in AD. Along-with this, the association between estrogen, estrogen-metabolising enzymes and ApoE protein polymorphisms will also be discussed in postmenopausal AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishabh
- Department of Pharmacology, M. M. College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Ambala, Haryana, India
| | - Manni Rohilla
- Department of Pharmacology, Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Seema Bansal
- Department of Pharmacology, M. M. College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Ambala, Haryana, India
| | - Nitin Bansal
- Department of Pharmacy, Chaudhary Bansilal University, Bhiwani, India
| | - Samrat Chauhan
- Department of Pharmacology, Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Sheenam Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, M. M. College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Ambala, Haryana, India
| | - Navjyoti Goyal
- Department of Pharmacology, M. M. College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Ambala, Haryana, India
| | - Sumeet Gupta
- Department of Pharmacology, M. M. College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Ambala, Haryana, India
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Alaiya A, Alharbi BM, Shinwari Z, Rashid M, Albinhassan TH, Bouchama A, Alwesmi MB, Mohammad S, Malik SS. Proteomics Analysis of Proteotoxic Stress Response in In-Vitro Human Neuronal Models. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6787. [PMID: 38928492 PMCID: PMC11204259 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Heat stroke, a hazardous hyperthermia-related illness, is characterized by CNS injury, particularly long-lasting brain damage. A root cause for hyperthermic neurological damage is heat-induced proteotoxic stress through protein aggregation, a known causative agent of neurological disorders. Stress magnitude and enduring persistence are highly correlated with hyperthermia-associated neurological damage. We used an untargeted proteomic approach using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to identify and characterize time-series proteome-wide changes in dose-responsive proteotoxic stress models in medulloblastoma [Daoy], neuroblastoma [SH-SY5Y], and differentiated SH-SY5Y neuron-like cells [SH(D)]. An integrated analysis of condition-time datasets identified global proteome-wide differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) as part of the heat-induced proteotoxic stress response. The condition-specific analysis detected higher DEPs and upregulated proteins in extreme heat stress with a relatively conservative and tight regulation in differentiated SH-SY5Y neuron-like cells. Functional network analysis using ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) identified common intercellular pathways associated with the biological processes of protein, RNA, and amino acid metabolism and cellular response to stress and membrane trafficking. The condition-wise temporal pathway analysis in the differentiated neuron-like cells detects a significant pathway, functional, and disease association of DEPs with processes like protein folding and protein synthesis, Nervous System Development and Function, and Neurological Disease. An elaborate dose-dependent stress-specific and neuroprotective cellular signaling cascade is also significantly activated. Thus, our study provides a comprehensive map of the heat-induced proteotoxic stress response associating proteome-wide changes with altered biological processes. This helps to expand our understanding of the molecular basis of the heat-induced proteotoxic stress response with potential translational connotations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayodele Alaiya
- Cell Therapy & Immunobiology Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bothina Mohammed Alharbi
- Experimental Medicine Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zakia Shinwari
- Cell Therapy & Immunobiology Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mamoon Rashid
- Department of AI and Bioinformatics, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, MNGHA, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tahani H. Albinhassan
- Experimental Medicine Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abderrezak Bouchama
- Experimental Medicine Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mai B. Alwesmi
- Medical-Surgical Nursing Department, College of Nursing, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sameer Mohammad
- Experimental Medicine Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shuja Shafi Malik
- Experimental Medicine Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia
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14
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Luquero A, Pimentel N, Vilahur G, Badimon L, Borrell-Pages M. Unique Splicing of Lrp5 in the Brain: A New Player in Neurodevelopment and Brain Maturation. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6763. [PMID: 38928468 PMCID: PMC11203723 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 (LRP5) is a constitutively expressed receptor with observed roles in bone homeostasis, retinal development, and cardiac metabolism. However, the function of LRP5 in the brain remains unexplored. This study investigates LRP5's role in the central nervous system by conducting an extensive analysis using RNA-seq tools and in silico assessments. Two protein-coding Lrp5 transcripts are expressed in mice: full-length Lrp5-201 and a truncated form encoded by Lrp5-202. Wt mice express Lrp5-201 in the liver and brain and do not express the truncated form. Lrp5-/- mice express Lrp5-202 in the liver and brain and do not express Lrp5-201 in the liver. Interestingly, Lrp5-/- mouse brains show full-length Lrp5-201 expression, suggesting that LRP5 has a role in preserving brain function during development. Functional gene enrichment analysis on RNA-seq unveils dysregulated expression of genes associated with neuronal differentiation and synapse formation in the brains of Lrp5-/- mice compared to Wt mice. Furthermore, Gene Set Enrichment Analysis highlights downregulated expression of genes involved in retinol and linoleic acid metabolism in Lrp5-/- mouse brains. Tissue-specific alternative splicing of Lrp5 in Lrp5-/- mice supports that the expression of LRP5 in the brain is needed for the correct synthesis of vitamins and fatty acids, and it is indispensable for correct brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aureli Luquero
- Cardiovascular Program, Institut de Recerca de Sant Pau, 08025 Barcelona, Spain; (A.L.); (N.P.); (G.V.); (L.B.)
- Biomedicine Doctorate Program, Universitat de Barcelona, 08007 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Noelia Pimentel
- Cardiovascular Program, Institut de Recerca de Sant Pau, 08025 Barcelona, Spain; (A.L.); (N.P.); (G.V.); (L.B.)
- Biomedicine Doctorate Program, Universitat de Barcelona, 08007 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Vilahur
- Cardiovascular Program, Institut de Recerca de Sant Pau, 08025 Barcelona, Spain; (A.L.); (N.P.); (G.V.); (L.B.)
- Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red-Cardiovascular (CIBER-CV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Lina Badimon
- Cardiovascular Program, Institut de Recerca de Sant Pau, 08025 Barcelona, Spain; (A.L.); (N.P.); (G.V.); (L.B.)
- Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red-Cardiovascular (CIBER-CV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Borrell-Pages
- Cardiovascular Program, Institut de Recerca de Sant Pau, 08025 Barcelona, Spain; (A.L.); (N.P.); (G.V.); (L.B.)
- Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red-Cardiovascular (CIBER-CV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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15
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Priya, Yadav N, Anand S, Banerjee J, Tripathi M, Chandra PS, Dixit AB. The multifaceted role of Wnt canonical signalling in neurogenesis, neuroinflammation, and hyperexcitability in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. Neuropharmacology 2024; 251:109942. [PMID: 38570066 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2024.109942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Epilepsy is a neurological disorder characterised by unprovoked, repetitive seizures caused by abnormal neuronal firing. The Wnt/β-Catenin signalling pathway is involved in seizure-induced neurogenesis, aberrant neurogenesis, neuroinflammation, and hyperexcitability associated with epileptic disorder. Wnt/β-Catenin signalling is crucial for early brain development processes including neuronal patterning, synapse formation, and N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) regulation. Disruption of molecular networks such as Wnt/β-catenin signalling in epilepsy could offer encouraging anti-epileptogenic targets. So, with a better understanding of the canonical Wnt/-Catenin pathway, we highlight in this review the important elements of Wnt/-Catenin signalling specifically in Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy (MTLE) for potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya
- Dr. B.R Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Nitin Yadav
- Dr. B.R Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Sneha Anand
- Dr. B.R Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Jyotirmoy Banerjee
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Manjari Tripathi
- Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - P Sarat Chandra
- Department of Neurosurgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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16
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Deng AF, Wang FX, Wang SC, Zhang YZ, Bai L, Su JC. Bone-organ axes: bidirectional crosstalk. Mil Med Res 2024; 11:37. [PMID: 38867330 PMCID: PMC11167910 DOI: 10.1186/s40779-024-00540-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
In addition to its recognized role in providing structural support, bone plays a crucial role in maintaining the functionality and balance of various organs by secreting specific cytokines (also known as osteokines). This reciprocal influence extends to these organs modulating bone homeostasis and development, although this aspect has yet to be systematically reviewed. This review aims to elucidate this bidirectional crosstalk, with a particular focus on the role of osteokines. Additionally, it presents a unique compilation of evidence highlighting the critical function of extracellular vesicles (EVs) within bone-organ axes for the first time. Moreover, it explores the implications of this crosstalk for designing and implementing bone-on-chips and assembloids, underscoring the importance of comprehending these interactions for advancing physiologically relevant in vitro models. Consequently, this review establishes a robust theoretical foundation for preventing, diagnosing, and treating diseases related to the bone-organ axis from the perspective of cytokines, EVs, hormones, and metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- An-Fu Deng
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Organoid Research Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
- National Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai) SHU Branch, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Fu-Xiao Wang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Organoid Research Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
- National Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai) SHU Branch, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Si-Cheng Wang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Organoid Research Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
- National Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai) SHU Branch, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Zhongye Hospital, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Ying-Ze Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, the Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Orthopaedic Research Institution of Hebei Province, NHC Key Laboratory of Intelligent Orthopaedic Equipment, Shijiazhuang, 050051, China.
| | - Long Bai
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Organoid Research Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
- National Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai) SHU Branch, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
- Wenzhou Institute of Shanghai University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Jia-Can Su
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Organoid Research Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
- National Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai) SHU Branch, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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17
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Dutta A, Bhattacharya P, Chutia P, Borah A. Targeting of wnt signalling pathway by small bioactive molecules for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. In Silico Pharmacol 2024; 12:50. [PMID: 38840665 PMCID: PMC11147993 DOI: 10.1007/s40203-024-00226-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most occurring neurodegenerative disorder that destroys learning, memory, and thinking skills. Although the pathophysiology of the disease is least understood, the post-mortem brain of AD patients as well as animal models revealed the part of down regulated Wnt signalling in progression of the disease. The deficit in the Wnt signalling leads to the accumulation of amyloid beta peptides, phosphorylation of tau proteins, and synaptic dysfunctions, which are regarded as the major pathological features of AD. As the available drugs for AD are only able to mitigate the symptoms and are also associated with several side effects, the therapeutic potential of the bioactive compounds is being explored for their efficacies in managing the major pathologies. Consequently, a few bioactive compounds fundamentally isolated from Garcinia species are established as promising neuroprotective agents in AD, however; their potential to regulate the Wnt signalling pathway is yet to be discovered. Considering the neuroprotective properties, in the present study efficiency of six small bioactive compounds viz., amentoflavone, isovitexin, orientin, apigenin, kaempferol, and garcinol have been investigated in modulating the receptor proteins (LRP6, DKK1, WIF1 and GSK3β) of the Wnt signalling pathway by molecular docking technique. While all the bioactive compounds could efficiently interact with the target proteins, amentoflavone, orientin, and isovitexin interact with all the target proteins viz., LRP6, DKK1, WIF1, and GSK3β with higher free energy of binding, more number of interactions, and similar mode of binding in comparison to their known or reported modulators. Thus, the present study set forth the investigated small bioactive molecules as potential drug candidates in AD therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankumoni Dutta
- Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Assam University, Silchar, Assam 788011 India
- Department of Zoology, Pandit Deendayal Upadhyaya Adarsha Mahavidyalaya (PDUAM), Behali, Biswanath, Assam 784184 India
| | - Pallab Bhattacharya
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355 India
| | - Pavitra Chutia
- Department of Life Sciences, Debraj Roy College, Golaghat, Assam 785621 India
| | - Anupom Borah
- Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Assam University, Silchar, Assam 788011 India
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Ramasubbu K, Venkatraman G, Ramanathan G, Dhanasekar S, Rajeswari VD. Molecular and cellular signalling pathways for promoting neural tissue growth - A tissue engineering approach. Life Sci 2024; 346:122640. [PMID: 38614302 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Neural tissue engineering is a sub-field of tissue engineering that develops neural tissue. Damaged central and peripheral nervous tissue can be fabricated with a suitable scaffold printed with biomaterials. These scaffolds promote cell growth, development, and migration, yet they vary according to the biomaterial and scaffold printing technique, which determine the physical and biochemical properties. The physical and biochemical properties of scaffolds stimulate diverse signalling pathways, such as Wnt, NOTCH, Hedgehog, and ion channels- mediated pathways to promote neuron migration, elongation and migration. However, neurotransmitters like dopamine, acetylcholine, gamma amino butyric acid, and other signalling molecules are critical in neural tissue engineering to tissue fabrication. Thus, this review focuses on neural tissue regeneration with a tissue engineering approach highlighting the signalling pathways. Further, it explores the interaction of the scaffolds with the signalling pathways for generating neural tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanagavalli Ramasubbu
- Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology-, Vellore 632 014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ganesh Venkatraman
- Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology-, Vellore 632 014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ganasambanthan Ramanathan
- Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology-, Vellore 632 014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sivaraman Dhanasekar
- Department of Biotechnology, Pandit Deendayal Energy University, Gandhinagar 382007, Gujarat, India
| | - V Devi Rajeswari
- Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology-, Vellore 632 014, Tamil Nadu, India.
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19
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Mikkelsen ACD, Kjærgaard K, Mookerjee RP, Vilstrup H, Wegener G, Bay-Richter C, Thomsen KL. Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Also a Disease of the Brain? A Systematic Review of the Preclinical Evidence. Neurochem Res 2024; 49:1468-1488. [PMID: 35230646 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03551-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) currently affects 25% of the global adult population. Cognitive impairment is a recently recognised comorbidity impeding memory, attention, and concentration, affecting the patients' activities of daily living and reducing their quality of life. This systematic review provides an overview of the evidence for, and potential pathophysiological mechanisms behind brain dysfunction at a neurobiological level, in preclinical NAFLD. We performed a systematic literature search for animal models of NAFLD studying intracerebral conditions using PubMed, Embase and Scopus. We included studies that reported data on neurobiology in rodent and pig models with evidence of steatosis or steatohepatitis assessed by liver histology. 534 unique studies were identified, and 30 studies met the selection criteria, and were included. Findings of neurobiological changes were divided into five key areas: (1) neuroinflammation, (2) neurodegeneration, (3) neurotransmitter alterations, (4) oxidative stress, and (5) changes in proteins and synaptic density. Despite significant heterogeneity in the study designs, all but one study of preclinical NAFLD reported changes in one or more of the above key areas when compared to control animals. In conclusion, this systematic review supports an association between all stages of NAFLD (from simple steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)) and neurobiological changes in preclinical models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kristoffer Kjærgaard
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Rajeshwar Prosad Mookerjee
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark
- UCL Institute of Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Hendrik Vilstrup
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Gregers Wegener
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Cecilie Bay-Richter
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Karen Louise Thomsen
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark
- UCL Institute of Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, London, UK
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20
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Sharma V, Chander Sharma P, Reang J, Yadav V, Kumar Tonk R, Majeed J, Sharma K. Impact of GSK-3β and CK-1δ on Wnt signaling pathway in alzheimer disease: A dual target approach. Bioorg Chem 2024; 147:107378. [PMID: 38643562 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an enigmatic neurological illness that offers few treatment options. Recent exploration has highlighted the crucial connection of the Wnt signaling pathway in AD pathogenesis, shedding light on potential therapeutic targets. The present study focuses on the dual targeting of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) and casein kinase-1δ (CK-1δ) within the framework of the Wnt signaling pathway as a possible technique for AD intervention. GSK-3β and CK-1δ are multifunctional kinases known for their roles in tau hyperphosphorylation, amyloid processing, and synaptic dysfunction, all of which are major hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease. They are intricately linked to Wnt signaling, which plays a pivotal part in sustaining neuronal function and synaptic plasticity. Dysregulation of the Wnt pathway in AD contributes to cognitive decline and neurodegeneration. This review delves into the molecular mechanisms by which GSK-3β and CK-1δ impact the Wnt signaling pathway, elucidating their roles in AD pathogenesis. We discuss the potential of small-molecule inhibitors along with their SAR studies along with the multi-targetd approach targeting GSK-3β and CK-1δ to modulate Wnt signaling and mitigate AD-related pathology. In summary, the dual targeting of GSK-3β and CK-1δ within the framework of the Wnt signaling pathway presents an innovative and promising avenue for future AD therapies, offering new hope for patients and caregivers in the quest to combat this challenging condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinita Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, SPS, DPSRU, New Delhi, 110017, India
| | | | - Jurnal Reang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, SPS, DPSRU, New Delhi, 110017, India
| | - Vivek Yadav
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, SPS, DPSRU, New Delhi, 110017, India
| | - Rajiv Kumar Tonk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, SPS, DPSRU, New Delhi, 110017, India
| | - Jaseela Majeed
- School of Allied Health Sciences and Management, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi, 110017, India.
| | - Kalicharan Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, SPS, DPSRU, New Delhi, 110017, India; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, 142001, India.
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21
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Khalifa MKA, Abdel-Sattar SA, Amin OM, Kohaf NA, Zaky HS, Abd El-Fattah MA, Mohammed KHA, Badawi NM, Mansoor I, Eassa HA. Effectiveness of epigallocatechin gallate nanoparticles on the in-vivo treatment of Alzheimer's disease in a rat/mouse model: a systematic review. Daru 2024; 32:319-337. [PMID: 38079104 PMCID: PMC11087435 DOI: 10.1007/s40199-023-00494-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurological disease that causes memory loss over time. Current therapies are limited and frequently inadequate. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antifibrosis, anti-remodeling and tissue-protective qualities that may be effective in treatment of different diseases, including AD. Because of nanoparticles' high surface area, they can enhance solubility, stability, pharmacokinetics and biodistribution, and diminish toxicities. Besides, lipid nanoparticles have a high binding affinity that can enhance the rate of drug transport across BBB. So, EGCG nanoparticles represent a promising treatment for AD. OBJECTIVES This systematic review sought to assess the efficacy of EGCG nanoparticles against AD in rat/mouse models. METHODS Study was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines, and the protocol was registered in PROSPERO. Electronic databases were searched to discover relevant studies published up to October 2022. RESULTS Two studies met the inclusion criteria out of 1338 and were included in this systematic review. Collectively, the results indicate that EGCG has a significant potential for reducing AD pathology and improving cognitive deficits in rat/mouse models. The formulated particles were in the nanometer range, as indicated by TEM, with good particle size control and stability. EGCG nanoparticles showed superior pharmacokinetic characteristics and improved blood-brain barrier permeability, and increased brain bioavailability compared to free EGCG. Additionally, nanoEGCG were more effective in modulating oxidative stress than free formulation and decreased AChE in the cortex and hippocampus of AlCl3-treated rats. CONCLUSION This systematic analysis of the two studies included showed that EGCG nanoparticles are efficacious as a potential therapeutic intervention for AD in rat/mouse models. However, limited number of studies found indicates insufficient data in this research point that requires further investigation by experimental studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha K A Khalifa
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11884, Egypt
| | - Somaia A Abdel-Sattar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, 11884, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Omnya M Amin
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11884, Egypt
| | - Neveen A Kohaf
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11884, Egypt
| | - Heba S Zaky
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, 11884, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marwa A Abd El-Fattah
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11884, Egypt
| | - Kamilia H A Mohammed
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11884, Egypt
| | - Noha M Badawi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Heba A Eassa
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11884, Egypt.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy & Physician Assistant Studies, University of Saint Joseph, West Hartford, CT, 06117, USA.
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22
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Suresh S, Vellapandian C. Cyanidin improves spatial memory and cognition in bisphenol A-induced rat model of Alzheimer's-like neuropathology by restoring canonical Wnt signaling. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2024; 487:116953. [PMID: 38705400 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2024.116953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Research has unveiled the neurotoxicity of Bisphenol A (BPA) linked to neuropathological traits of Alzheimer's disease (AD) through varied mechanisms. This study aims to investigate the neuroprotective properties of cyanidin, an anthocyanin, in an in vivo model of BPA-induced Alzheimer's-like neuropathology. METHODS Three-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to four groups: vehicle control, negative control (BPA exposure), low-dose cyanidin treatment (BPA + cyanidin 5 mg/kg), and high-dose cyanidin treatment (BPA + cyanidin 10 mg/kg). Spatial memory was assessed through behavioral tests, including the Y-maze, novel object recognition, and Morris water maze. After behavioral tests, animals were euthanized, and brain regions were examined for acetylcholinesterase inhibition, p-tau, Wnt3, GSK3β, and β-catenin levels, antioxidant activities, and histopathological changes. RESULTS BPA-exposed groups displayed memory impairments, while cyanidin-treated groups showed significant memory improvement (p < 0.0001). Cyanidin down regulated p-tau and glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β) and restored Wnt3 and β-catenin levels (p < 0.0001). Moreover, cyanidin exhibited antioxidant properties, elevating catalase and superoxide dismutase levels. The intervention significantly reduced the concentrations of acetylcholinesterase in the cortex and hippocampus in comparison to the groups treated with BPA (p < 0.0001). Significant gender-based disparities were not observed. CONCLUSION Cyanidin demonstrated potent neuroprotection against BPA-induced Alzheimer's-like neuropathology by enhancing antioxidant defenses, modulating tau phosphorylation by restoring the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, and ameliorating spatial memory deficits. This study highlights the therapeutic potential of cyanidin in countering neurotoxicity linked to BPA exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swathi Suresh
- Department of Pharmacology, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Chitra Vellapandian
- Department of Pharmacology, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu, India.
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23
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Li H, Li J, Zhang Y, Zhao C, Ge J, Sun Y, Fu H, Li Y. The therapeutic effect of traditional Chinese medicine on breast cancer through modulation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1401979. [PMID: 38783943 PMCID: PMC11111876 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1401979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer, the most prevalent malignant tumor among women globally, is significantly influenced by the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, which plays a crucial role in its initiation and progression. While conventional chemotherapy, the standard clinical treatment, suffers from significant drawbacks like severe side effects, high toxicity, and limited prognostic efficacy, Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) provides a promising alternative. TCM employs a multi-targeted therapeutic approach, which results in fewer side effects and offers a high potential for effective treatment. This paper presents a detailed analysis of the therapeutic impacts of TCM on various subtypes of breast cancer, focusing on its interaction with the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Additionally, it explores the effectiveness of both monomeric and compound forms of TCM in the management of breast cancer. We also discuss the potential of establishing biomarkers for breast cancer treatment based on key proteins within the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Our aim is to offer new insights into the prevention and treatment of breast cancer and to contribute to the standardization of TCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongkun Li
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiawei Li
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- College of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Chengcheng Zhao
- Experimental Teaching and Practical Training Center, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Jun Ge
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yujiao Sun
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Hui Fu
- College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yingpeng Li
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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24
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Liu J, Wei AH, Liu TT, Ji XH, Zhang Y, Yan F, Chen MX, Hu JB, Zhou SY, Shi JS, Jin H, Jin F. Icariin ameliorates glycolytic dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease models by activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. FEBS J 2024; 291:2221-2241. [PMID: 38400523 DOI: 10.1111/febs.17099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
It was reported that the Wnt/β-catenin pathway is involved in the regulation of aerobic glycolysis and that brain glycolytic dysfunction results in the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Icariin (ICA), an active component extracted from Epimedii Folium, has been reported to produce neuroprotective effects in multiple models of AD, but its underlying mechanism remains to be fully described. We aimed to investigate the protective effects of ICA on animal and cell models of AD and confirm whether the Wnt/β-catenin pathway has functions in the neuroprotective function of ICA. The 3 × Tg-AD mice were treated with ICA. HT22 cells, the Aβ25-35 peptide and Dickkopf-1 (DKK1) agent (a specific inhibitor of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway) were used to further explore the underlying mechanism of ICA that produces anti-AD effects. Behavioral examination, western blotting assay, staining analysis, biochemical test, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assays were applied. We first demonstrated that ICA significantly improved cognitive function and autonomous behavior, reduced neuronal damage, and reversed the protein levels and activities of glycolytic key enzymes, and expression of protein molecules of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway, in 3 × Tg-AD mice back to wild-type levels. Next, we further found that ICA increased cell viability and effectively improved the dysfunctional glycolysis in HT22 cells injured by Aβ25-35. However, when canonical Wnt signaling was inhibited by DKK1, the above effects of ICA on glycolysis were abolished. In summary, ICA exerts neuroprotective effects in 3 × Tg-AD animals and AD cellular models by enhancing the function of glycolysis through activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Liu
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, China
- Department of Hospital Infection Management, People's Hospital of WeiNing County, Bijie, China
| | - Ai-Hong Wei
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, China
| | - Ting-Ting Liu
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, China
| | - Xin-Hao Ji
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, China
| | - Fei Yan
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, China
| | - Mei-Xiang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, China
| | - Jin-Bo Hu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, China
| | - Shao-Yu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, China
| | - Jing-Shan Shi
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, China
| | - Hai Jin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, China
| | - Feng Jin
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, China
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25
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Zhang Y, Xie JZ, Jiang YL, Yang SJ, Wei H, Yang Y, Wang JZ. Homocysteine-potentiated Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 promotes senescence of neuroblastoma 2a cells via inhibiting ubiquitination of β-catenin. Eur J Neurosci 2024; 59:2732-2747. [PMID: 38501537 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Elevated serum homocysteine (Hcy) level is a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and accelerates cell aging. However, the mechanism by which Hcy induces neuronal senescence remains largely unknown. In this study, we observed that Hcy significantly promoted senescence in neuroblastoma 2a (N2a) cells with elevated β-catenin and Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1) levels. Intriguingly, Hcy promoted the interaction between KEAP1 and the Wilms tumor gene on the X chromosome (WTX) while hampering the β-catenin-WTX interaction. Mechanistically, Hcy attenuated the methylation level of the KEAP1 promoter CpG island and activated KEAP1 transcription. However, a slow degradation rate rather than transcriptional activation contributed to the high level of β-catenin. Hcy-upregulated KEAP1 competed with β-catenin to bind to WTX. Knockdown of both β-catenin and KEAP1 attenuated Hcy-induced senescence in N2a cells. Our data highlight a crucial role of the KEAP1-β-catenin pathway in Hcy-induced neuronal-like senescence and uncover a promising target for AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Zhang
- Endocrine Department of Liyuan Hospital; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jia-Zhao Xie
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China/Hubei Province for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Precision Medical Center, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan-Li Jiang
- Endocrine Department of Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shao-Juan Yang
- Endocrine Department of Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Wei
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China/Hubei Province for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Yang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China/Hubei Province for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jian-Zhi Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China/Hubei Province for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
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26
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Abu-Elfotuh K, Hamdan AME, Mohamed SA, Bakr RO, Ahmed AH, Atwa AM, Hamdan AM, Alanzai AG, Alnahhas RK, Gowifel AMH, Salem MA. The potential anti-Alzheimer's activity of Oxalis corniculata Linn. Methanolic extract in experimental rats: Role of APOE4/LRP1, TLR4/NF-κβ/NLRP3, Wnt 3/β-catenin/GSK-3β, autophagy and apoptotic cues. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 324:117731. [PMID: 38218505 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Oxalis corniculata (O. corniculata) is a member of Oxalidaceae family, widely distributed in Asia, Europe, America, and Africa, used extensively as food and its traditional folkloric uses include management of epilepsy, gastric disorders, and neurodegenerative diseases, together with its use in enhancing health. Numerous pharmacological benefits of O. corniculata are linked to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant abilities. One of the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorders is Alzheimer's disease (AD) in which neuroinflammation and oxidative stress are its main pathogenic processes. AIM OF THE STUDY Our research aimed to study the neuroprotective effect of the methanolic extract of Oxalis corniculata Linn. (O. corniculata ME), compared to selenium (Se) against AlCl3-induced AD. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty male albino rats were allocated into four groups (Gps). Gp I a control group, the rest of the animals received AlCl3 (Gp II-Gp IV). Rats in Gp III and IV were treated with Se and O. corniculata ME, respectively. RESULTS The chemical profile of O. corniculata ME was studied using ultraperformance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry, allowing the tentative identification of sixty-six compounds, including organic acids, phenolics and others, cinnamic acid and its derivatives, fatty acids, and flavonoids. AlCl3 showed deterioration in short-term memory and brain histological pictures. Our findings showed that O. corniculata ME and selenium helped to combat oxidative stress produced by accumulation of AlCl3 in the brain and in prophylaxis against AD. Thus, Selenium (Se) and O. corniculata ME restored antioxidant defense, via enhancing Nrf2/HO-1 hub, hampered neuroinflammation, via TLR4/NF-κβ/NLRP3, along with dampening apoptosis, Aβ generation, tau hyperphosphorylation, BACE1, ApoE4 and LRP1 levels. Treatments also promoted autophagy and modulated Wnt 3/β-catenin/GSK3β cue. CONCLUSIONS It was noted that O. corniculata ME showed a notable ameliorative effect compared to Se on Nrf2/HO-1, TLR4/NF-κβ/NLRP3, APOE4/LRP1, Wnt 3/β-catenin/GSK-3β and PERK axes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karema Abu-Elfotuh
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt; Al-Ayen Iraqi University, Thi-Qar, 64001, Iraq.
| | - Ahmed M E Hamdan
- Pharmacy Practice Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 74191, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Shaza A Mohamed
- Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11754, Egypt.
| | - Riham O Bakr
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA) University, Giza 11787, Egypt.
| | - Amal H Ahmed
- Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11754, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed M Atwa
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Badr City, Cairo-Suez Road, Cairo 11829, Egypt.
| | - Amira M Hamdan
- Oceanography Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21511, Egypt.
| | | | | | - Ayah M H Gowifel
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information (MTI), Cairo 11571, Egypt.
| | - Maha A Salem
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information (MTI), Cairo 11571, Egypt.
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27
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Ayoubi R, Southern K, Laflamme C. A guide to selecting high-performing antibodies for Secreted frizzled-related protein 1 (sFRP-1) for use in Western Blot and immunoprecipitation. F1000Res 2024; 12:291. [PMID: 39319244 PMCID: PMC11420615 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.130991.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Secreted frizzled-related protein 1 (sFRP-1) is a secreted protein, belonging to the secreted glycoprotein SFRP family. As a modulator of the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway, sFRP-1 has implications in human cancers and neurological diseases. If the community had access to well-characterized anti-sFRP-1 antibodies, the reproducibility of sFRP-1 research would be enhanced. In this study, we characterized 11 sFRP-1 commercial antibodies for Western Blot and immunoprecipitation, using a standardized experimental protocol based on comparing read-outs in knockout cell lines and isogenic parental controls. These studies are part of a larger, collaborative initiative seeking to address the antibody reproducibility issue by characterizing commercially available antibodies for human proteins and publishing the results openly as a resource for the scientific community. While use of antibodies and protocols vary between laboratories, we encourage readers to use this report as a guide to select the most appropriate antibodies for their specific needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riham Ayoubi
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Structural Genomics Consortium, The Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Kathleen Southern
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Structural Genomics Consortium, The Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Carl Laflamme
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Structural Genomics Consortium, The Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 2B4, Canada
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28
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Iemmolo M, Bivona G, Piccoli T, Nicosia A, Schiera G, Di Liegro CM, Di Pietra F, Ghersi G. Effects of Cerebrospinal Fluids from Alzheimer and Non-Alzheimer Patients on Neurons-Astrocytes-Microglia Co-Culture. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2510. [PMID: 38473758 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, characterized by the accumulation of β-amyloid plaques, tau tangles, neuroinflammation, and synaptic/neuronal loss, the latter being the strongest correlating factor with memory and cognitive impairment. Through an in vitro study on a neurons-astrocytes-microglia (NAM) co-culture system, we analyzed the effects of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from AD and non-AD patients (other neurodegenerative pathologies). Treatment with CSF from AD patients showed a loss of neurofilaments and spheroids, suggesting the presence of elements including CX3CL1 (soluble form), destabilizing the neurofilaments, cellular adhesion processes, and intercellular contacts. The NAM co-cultures were analyzed in immunofluorescence assays for several markers related to AD, such as through zymography, where the expression of proteolytic enzymes was quantified both in cell extracts and the co-cultures' conditioned medium (CM). Through qRT-PCR assays, several genes involved in the formation of β-amyloid plaque, in phosphorylation of tau, and in inflammation pathways and MMP expression were investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matilda Iemmolo
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giulia Bivona
- Department of Biomedicine Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Tommaso Piccoli
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital "P. Giaccone", 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Aldo Nicosia
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation-National Research Council (IRIB-CNR), 90146 Palermo, Italy
| | - Gabriella Schiera
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Carlo Maria Di Liegro
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Di Pietra
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giulio Ghersi
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, 90123 Palermo, Italy
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Margetts TJ, Wang HS, Karnik SJ, Plotkin LI, Movila A, Oblak AL, Fehrenbacher JC, Kacena MA. From the Mind to the Spine: The Intersecting World of Alzheimer's and Osteoporosis. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2024; 22:152-164. [PMID: 38334917 PMCID: PMC10912148 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-023-00848-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This comprehensive review delves into the intricate interplay between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and osteoporosis, two prevalent conditions with significant implications for individuals' quality of life. The purpose is to explore their bidirectional association, underpinned by common pathological processes such as aging, genetic factors, inflammation, and estrogen deficiency. RECENT FINDINGS Recent advances have shown promise in treating both Alzheimer's disease (AD) and osteoporosis by targeting disease-specific proteins and bone metabolism regulators. Monoclonal antibodies against beta-amyloid and tau for AD, as well as RANKL and sclerostin for osteoporosis, have displayed therapeutic potential. Additionally, ongoing research has identified neuroinflammatory genes shared between AD and osteoporosis, offering insight into the interconnected inflammatory mechanisms. This knowledge opens avenues for innovative dual-purpose therapies that could address both conditions, potentially revolutionizing treatment approaches for AD and osteoporosis simultaneously. This review underscores the potential for groundbreaking advancements in early diagnosis and treatment by unraveling the intricate connection between AD and bone health. It advocates for a holistic, patient-centered approach to medical care that considers both cognitive and bone health, ultimately aiming to enhance the overall well-being of individuals affected by these conditions. This review article is part of a series of multiple manuscripts designed to determine the utility of using artificial intelligence for writing scientific reviews.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler J Margetts
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Hannah S Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Sonali J Karnik
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Lilian I Plotkin
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Alexandru Movila
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Comprehensive Care, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Adrian L Oblak
- Department of Radiology & Imaging Sciences, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Jill C Fehrenbacher
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
| | - Melissa A Kacena
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
- Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
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30
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Singh L, Bhatti R. Signaling Pathways Involved in the Neuroprotective Effect of Osthole: Evidence and Mechanisms. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:1100-1118. [PMID: 37682453 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03580-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases constitute a major threat to human health and are usually accompanied by progressive structural and functional loss of neurons. Abnormalities in synaptic plasticity are involved in neurodegenerative disorders. Aberrant cell signaling cascades play a predominant role in the initiation, progress as well as in the severity of these ailments. Notch signaling is a pivotal role in the maintenance of neural stem cells and also participates in neurogenesis. PI3k/Akt cascade regulates different biological processes including cell proliferation, apoptosis, and metabolism. It regulates neurotoxicity and mediates the survival of neurons. Moreover, the activated BDNF/TrkB cascade is involved in promoting the transcription of genes responsible for cell survival and neurogenesis. Despite significant progress made in delineating the underlying pathological mechanisms involved and derangements in cellular metabolic promenades implicated in these diseases, satisfactory strategies for the clinical management of these ailments are yet to be achieved. Therefore, the molecules targeting these cell signaling cascades may emerge as useful leads in developing newer management strategies. Osthole is an important ingredient of traditional Chinese medicinal plants, often found in various plants of the Apiaceae family and has been observed to target these aforementioned mediators. Until now, no review has been aimed to discuss the possible molecular signaling cascades involved in osthole-mediated neuroprotection at one platform. The current review aimed to explore the interplay of various mediators and the modulation of the different molecular signaling cascades in osthole-mediated neuroprotection. This review could open new insights into research involving diseases of neuronal origin, especially the effect on neurodegeneration, neurogenesis, and synaptic plasticity. The articles gathered to compose the current review were extracted by using the PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, and Web of Science databases. A methodical approach was used to integrate and discuss all published original reports describing the modulation of different mediators by osthole to confer neuroprotection at one platform to provide possible molecular pathways. Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 32 articles were included in the systematic review. Moreover, literature evidence was also used to construct the biosynthetic pathway of osthole. The current review reveals that osthole promotes neurogenesis and neuronal functioning via stimulation of Notch, BDNF/Trk, and P13k/Akt signaling pathways. It upregulates the expression of various proteins, such as BDNF, TrkB, CREB, Nrf-2, P13k, and Akt. Activation of Wnt by osthole, in turn, regulates downstream GSK-1β to inhibit tau phosphorylation and β-catenin degradation to prevent neuronal apoptosis. The activation of Wnt and inhibition of oxidative stress, Aβ, and GSK-3β mediated β-catenin degradation by osthole might also be involved in mediating the protection against neurodegenerative diseases. Furthermore, it also inhibits neuroinflammation by suppressing MAPK/NF-κB-mediated transcription of genes involved in the generation of inflammatory cytokines and NLRP-3 inflammasomes. This review delineates the various underlying signaling pathways involved in mediating the neuroprotective effect of osthole. Modulation of Notch, BDNF/Trk, MAPK/NF-κB, and P13k/Akt signaling pathways by osthole confers protection against neurodegenerative diseases. The preclinical effects of osthole suggest that it could be a valuable molecule in inspiring the development of new drugs for the management of neurodegenerative diseases and demands clinical studies to explore its potential. An effort has been made to unify the varied mechanisms and target sites involved in the neuroprotective effect of osthole. The comprehensive description of the molecular pathways in the present work reflects its originality and thoroughness. The reviewed literature findings may be extrapolated to suggest the role of othole as a "biological response modifier" which contributes to neuroprotection through kinase modulatory, immunomodulatory, and anti-oxidative activity, which is documented even at lower doses. The current review attempts to emphasize the gaps in the existing literature which can be explored in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lovedeep Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, Punjab, India.
- University Institute of Pharma Sciences, Chandigarh University, Mohali, 140413, Punjab, India.
| | - Rajbir Bhatti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, Punjab, India.
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Sanajou S, Yirün A, Arca Çakır D, Demirel G, Şahin G, Erkekoğlu P, Baydar T. Unraveling the neuroprotective mechanisms of naltrexone against aluminum-induced neurotoxicity. Drug Chem Toxicol 2024:1-12. [PMID: 38221775 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2024.2303975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Aluminum (Al) is a known neurotoxic trace element linked to Alzheimer's disease (AD). Naltrexone, an opioid antagonist, has shown promising effects in reducing neuroinflammation at lower doses than those prescribed for addiction. This study aimed to determine the neuroprotective effects of naltrexone on Al-induced neurotoxicity in an in vitro AD model. The SH-SY5Y cells were first cultivated in a standard growth medium. Subsequently, the cells were induced to differentiate by decreasing the concentration of fetal bovine serum and introducing retinoic acid (RA) into the culture media. Subsequently, the inclusion of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) was implemented in conjunction with RA. The process of differentiation was concluded on the seventh day. Study groups (n = 3) were designed as the control group, naltrexone group, Al group, Al-Nal group, Alzheimer' model (AD) group, Alzheimer model + Al-exposed group (AD-Al), Alzheimer model + Nal applied group (AD-Nal) and Alzheimer model + Al-exposed + Nal applied group (AD-Al-Nal). Hyperphosphorylated Tau protein as the specific marker of AD was measured in all groups. Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3)β, Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), Akt and Wnt signaling pathways were analyzed comparatively. In addition, oxidative stress parameters (total antioxidant capacity, lipid peroxidase, protein carbonyl and reactive oxygen species) were measured comparatively in the study groups. The results showed that naltrexone reduced hyperphosphorylated tau protein levels by regulating GSK-3β, PP2A, Akt and Wnt signaling. Also, exposure to naltrexone decreased oxidative stress parameters. Based on these results, naltrexone shows promise as a potential therapy for AD, subject to additional clinical assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Sanajou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Anil Yirün
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Çukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Deniz Arca Çakır
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Vaccine Technology, Hacettepe University, Vaccine Institute, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Göksun Demirel
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Çukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Gönül Şahin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Pinar Erkekoğlu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Vaccine Technology, Hacettepe University, Vaccine Institute, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Terken Baydar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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32
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Collignon A, Dion-Albert L, Ménard C, Coelho-Santos V. Sex, hormones and cerebrovascular function: from development to disorder. Fluids Barriers CNS 2024; 21:2. [PMID: 38178239 PMCID: PMC10768274 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-023-00496-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Proper cerebrovascular development and neurogliovascular unit assembly are essential for brain growth and function throughout life, ensuring the continuous supply of nutrients and oxygen. This involves crucial events during pre- and postnatal stages through key pathways, including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and Wnt signaling. These pathways are pivotal for brain vascular growth, expansion, and blood-brain barrier (BBB) maturation. Interestingly, during fetal and neonatal life, cerebrovascular formation coincides with the early peak activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, supporting the idea of sex hormonal influence on cerebrovascular development and barriergenesis.Sex hormonal dysregulation in early development has been implicated in neurodevelopmental disorders with highly sexually dimorphic features, such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Both disorders show higher prevalence in men, with varying symptoms between sexes, with boys exhibiting more externalizing behaviors, such as aggressivity or hyperactivity, and girls displaying higher internalizing behaviors, including anxiety, depression, or attention disorders. Indeed, ASD and ADHD are linked to high prenatal testosterone exposure and reduced aromatase expression, potentially explaining sex differences in prevalence and symptomatology. In line with this, high estrogen levels seem to attenuate ADHD symptoms. At the cerebrovascular level, sex- and region-specific variations of cerebral blood flow perfusion have been reported in both conditions, indicating an impact of gonadal hormones on the brain vascular system, disrupting its ability to respond to neuronal demands.This review aims to provide an overview of the existing knowledge concerning the impact of sex hormones on cerebrovascular formation and maturation, as well as the onset of neurodevelopmental disorders. Here, we explore the concept of gonadal hormone interactions with brain vascular and BBB development to function, with a particular focus on the modulation of VEGF and Wnt signaling. We outline how these pathways may be involved in the underpinnings of ASD and ADHD. Outstanding questions and potential avenues for future research are highlighted, as uncovering sex-specific physiological and pathological aspects of brain vascular development might lead to innovative therapeutic approaches in the context of ASD, ADHD and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeline Collignon
- Department of Psychiatry & Neuroscience and CERVO Brain Research Center, Universite Laval, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Laurence Dion-Albert
- Department of Psychiatry & Neuroscience and CERVO Brain Research Center, Universite Laval, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Caroline Ménard
- Department of Psychiatry & Neuroscience and CERVO Brain Research Center, Universite Laval, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Vanessa Coelho-Santos
- Institute for Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health (ICNAS), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
- University of Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), Coimbra, Portugal.
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Institute of Physiology, Coimbra, Portugal.
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Zhang M, Zhang Z, Li H, Xia Y, Xing M, Xiao C, Cai W, Bu L, Li Y, Park TE, Tang Y, Ye X, Lin WJ. Blockage of VEGF function by bevacizumab alleviates early-stage cerebrovascular dysfunction and improves cognitive function in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Transl Neurodegener 2024; 13:1. [PMID: 38173017 PMCID: PMC10763201 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-023-00388-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder and the predominant type of dementia worldwide. It is characterized by the progressive and irreversible decline of cognitive functions. In addition to the pathological beta-amyloid (Aβ) deposition, glial activation, and neuronal injury in the postmortem brains of AD patients, increasing evidence suggests that the often overlooked vascular dysfunction is an important early event in AD pathophysiology. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays a critical role in regulating physiological functions and pathological changes in blood vessels, but whether VEGF is involved in the early stage of vascular pathology in AD remains unclear. METHODS We used an antiangiogenic agent for clinical cancer treatment, the humanized monoclonal anti-VEGF antibody bevacizumab, to block VEGF binding to its receptors in the 5×FAD mouse model at an early age. After treatment, memory performance was evaluated by a novel object recognition test, and cerebral vascular permeability and perfusion were examined by an Evans blue assay and blood flow scanning imaging analysis. Immunofluorescence staining was used to measure glial activation and Aβ deposits. VEGF and its receptors were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunoblotting. RNA sequencing was performed to elucidate bevacizumab-associated transcriptional signatures in the hippocampus of 5×FAD mice. RESULTS Bevacizumab treatment administered from 4 months of age dramatically improved cerebrovascular functions, reduced glial activation, and restored long-term memory in both sexes of 5×FAD mice. Notably, a sex-specific change in different VEGF receptors was identified in the cortex and hippocampus of 5×FAD mice. Soluble VEGFR1 was decreased in female mice, while full-length VEGFR2 was increased in male mice. Bevacizumab treatment reversed the altered expression of receptors to be comparable to the level in the wild-type mice. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis of transcriptomic changes revealed that bevacizumab effectively reversed the changes in the gene sets associated with blood-brain barrier integrity and vascular smooth muscle contraction in 5×FAD mice. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrated the mechanistic roles of VEGF at the early stage of amyloidopathy and the protective effects of bevacizumab on cerebrovascular function and memory performance in 5×FAD mice. These findings also suggest the therapeutic potential of bevacizumab for the early intervention of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- Brain Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Faculty of Forensic Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Guangdong Province Translational Forensic Medicine Engineering Technology Research Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Zhan Zhang
- Brain Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Nanhai Translational Innovation Center of Precision Immunology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Foshan, 528200, China
| | - Honghong Li
- Brain Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Yuting Xia
- Brain Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Nanhai Translational Innovation Center of Precision Immunology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Foshan, 528200, China
| | - Mengdan Xing
- Brain Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Nanhai Translational Innovation Center of Precision Immunology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Foshan, 528200, China
| | - Chuan Xiao
- Brain Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Nanhai Translational Innovation Center of Precision Immunology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Foshan, 528200, China
| | - Wenbao Cai
- Faculty of Forensic Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Guangdong Province Translational Forensic Medicine Engineering Technology Research Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Lulu Bu
- Brain Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Yi Li
- Brain Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Tae-Eun Park
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Information and Biotechnology, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Yamei Tang
- Brain Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
- Nanhai Translational Innovation Center of Precision Immunology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Foshan, 528200, China.
| | - Xiaojing Ye
- Faculty of Forensic Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
- Guangdong Province Translational Forensic Medicine Engineering Technology Research Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
| | - Wei-Jye Lin
- Brain Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
- Nanhai Translational Innovation Center of Precision Immunology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Foshan, 528200, China.
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Tang J, Yousaf M, Wu YP, Li QQ, Xu YQ, Liu DM. Mechanisms and structure-activity relationships of polysaccharides in the intervention of Alzheimer's disease: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 254:127553. [PMID: 37865357 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex neurodegenerative disease. Despite several decades of research, the development of effective treatments and responses for Alzheimer's disease remains elusive. The utilization of polysaccharides for Alzheimer's disease became more popular due to their beneficial characteristics, notably their multi-target activity and low toxicity. This review mainly focuses on the researches of recent 5 years in the regulation of AD by naturally derived polysaccharides, systematically lists the possible intervention pathways of polysaccharides from different mechanisms, and explores the structure-activity relationship between polysaccharide structural activities, so as to provide references for the intervention and treatment of AD by polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Tang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, Guangdong, China
| | - Muhammad Yousaf
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, Guangdong, China
| | - Ya-Ping Wu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, Guangdong, China
| | - Qin-Qin Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, Guangdong, China
| | - Yi-Qian Xu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, Guangdong, China
| | - Dong-Mei Liu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, Guangdong, China.
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Loeffler DA. Approaches for Increasing Cerebral Efflux of Amyloid-β in Experimental Systems. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 100:379-411. [PMID: 38875041 PMCID: PMC11307100 DOI: 10.3233/jad-240212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Amyloid protein-β (Aβ) concentrations are increased in the brain in both early onset and late onset Alzheimer's disease (AD). In early onset AD, cerebral Aβ production is increased and its clearance is decreased, while increased Aβ burden in late onset AD is due to impaired clearance. Aβ has been the focus of AD therapeutics since development of the amyloid hypothesis, but efforts to slow AD progression by lowering brain Aβ failed until phase 3 trials with the monoclonal antibodies lecanemab and donanemab. In addition to promoting phagocytic clearance of Aβ, antibodies lower cerebral Aβ by efflux of Aβ-antibody complexes across the capillary endothelia, dissolving Aβ aggregates, and a "peripheral sink" mechanism. Although the blood-brain barrier is the main route by which soluble Aβ leaves the brain (facilitated by low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 and ATP-binding cassette sub-family B member 1), Aβ can also be removed via the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier, glymphatic drainage, and intramural periarterial drainage. This review discusses experimental approaches to increase cerebral Aβ efflux via these mechanisms, clinical applications of these approaches, and findings in clinical trials with these approaches in patients with AD or mild cognitive impairment. Based on negative findings in clinical trials with previous approaches targeting monomeric Aβ, increasing the cerebral efflux of soluble Aβ is unlikely to slow AD progression if used as monotherapy. But if used as an adjunct to treatment with lecanemab or donanemab, this approach might allow greater slowing of AD progression than treatment with either antibody alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A. Loeffler
- Department of Neurology, Beaumont Research Institute, Corewell Health, Royal Oak, MI, USA
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36
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Chen ZS, Ou M, Taylor S, Dafinca R, Peng SI, Talbot K, Chan HYE. Mutant GGGGCC RNA prevents YY1 from binding to Fuzzy promoter which stimulates Wnt/β-catenin pathway in C9ALS/FTD. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8420. [PMID: 38110419 PMCID: PMC10728118 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44215-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The GGGGCC hexanucleotide repeat expansion mutation in the chromosome 9 open reading frame 72 (C9orf72) gene is a major genetic cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia (C9ALS/FTD). In this study, we demonstrate that the zinc finger (ZF) transcriptional regulator Yin Yang 1 (YY1) binds to the promoter region of the planar cell polarity gene Fuzzy to regulate its transcription. We show that YY1 interacts with GGGGCC repeat RNA via its ZF and that this interaction compromises the binding of YY1 to the FuzzyYY1 promoter sites, resulting in the downregulation of Fuzzy transcription. The decrease in Fuzzy protein expression in turn activates the canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway and induces synaptic deficits in C9ALS/FTD neurons. Our findings demonstrate a C9orf72 GGGGCC RNA-initiated perturbation of YY1-Fuzzy transcriptional control that implicates aberrant Wnt/β-catenin signalling in C9ALS/FTD-associated neurodegeneration. This pathogenic cascade provides a potential new target for disease-modifying therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhefan Stephen Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China
- Oxford Motor Neuron Disease Centre, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Mingxi Ou
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Stephanie Taylor
- Oxford Motor Neuron Disease Centre, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Ruxandra Dafinca
- Oxford Motor Neuron Disease Centre, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
- Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin Building, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Shaohong Isaac Peng
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kevin Talbot
- Oxford Motor Neuron Disease Centre, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK.
- Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin Building, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK.
| | - Ho Yin Edwin Chan
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China.
- Gerald Choa Neuroscience Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China.
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Scopa C, Barnada SM, Cicardi ME, Singer M, Trotti D, Trizzino M. JUN upregulation drives aberrant transposable element mobilization, associated innate immune response, and impaired neurogenesis in Alzheimer's disease. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8021. [PMID: 38049398 PMCID: PMC10696058 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43728-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult neurogenic decline, inflammation, and neurodegeneration are phenotypic hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Mobilization of transposable elements (TEs) in heterochromatic regions was recently reported in AD, but the underlying mechanisms are still underappreciated. Combining functional genomics with the differentiation of familial and sporadic AD patient derived-iPSCs into hippocampal progenitors, CA3 neurons, and cerebral organoids, we found that the upregulation of the AP-1 subunit, c-Jun, triggers decondensation of genomic regions containing TEs. This leads to the cytoplasmic accumulation of HERVK-derived RNA-DNA hybrids, the activation of the cGAS-STING cascade, and increased levels of cleaved caspase-3, suggesting the initiation of programmed cell death in AD progenitors and neurons. Notably, inhibiting c-Jun effectively blocks all these downstream molecular processes and rescues neuronal death and the impaired neurogenesis phenotype in AD progenitors. Our findings open new avenues for identifying therapeutic strategies and biomarkers to counteract disease progression and diagnose AD in the early, pre-symptomatic stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Scopa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Jefferson Weinberg ALS Center, Vickie and Jack Farber Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Samantha M Barnada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Maria E Cicardi
- Jefferson Weinberg ALS Center, Vickie and Jack Farber Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mo Singer
- Jefferson Weinberg ALS Center, Vickie and Jack Farber Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Davide Trotti
- Jefferson Weinberg ALS Center, Vickie and Jack Farber Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Marco Trizzino
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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Dong L, Hou B, Liu C, Mao C, Huang X, Shang L, Chu S, Peng B, Cui L, Feng F, Gao J. Association Between Wnt Target Genes and Cortical Volumes in Alzheimer's Disease. J Mol Neurosci 2023; 73:1010-1016. [PMID: 38135866 PMCID: PMC10754720 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-023-02122-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
The disproportionate cortical atrophy is an established biomarker for the pathophysiological process of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the genetic basis underlying the cortical atrophy remains poorly defined. Herein, we aim to illustrate the effect of the Wnt target genes on the cortical volumes of AD patients. 82 sporadic AD patients were recruited. All the subjects had history survey, blood biochemical examination, cognitive assessment, MRI morphometry and whole exome sequencing. This report focused on 84 common variants (minor allele frequency > 0.01) of 32 Wnt target genes, including the APC, DAAM1, DACT1, DISC1, LATS2, TLR2, WDR61, and the AXIN, DVL, FZD, LRP, TCF/LEF, WNT family genes. The Wnt target genes showed asymmetric effects on the cortical volumes of AD patients. The right temporal/parietal/occipital cortices were more affected than left temporal/parietal/occipital cortices. Nevertheless, the reverse applied to the frontal cortex. The DACT1 affected the cortical thickness most, followed by the TCF3 and APC. The DACT1 rs698025-GG genotype displayed greater right temporal pole and left medial orbito-frontal gyrus than rs698025-GA genotype (2.4 ± 0.4 vs. 2.0 ± 0.6, P = 0.005; 5.2 ± 0.6 vs. 5.0 ± 0.6, P = 0.001). The brain region most influenced by the Wnt target genes was the right calcarine cortex. In conclusion, the common variants of the Wnt target genes exert asymmetric effects on the cortical volumes of AD patients. The Wnt signaling pathway may play a role in the cortical atrophy of AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liling Dong
- Neurology Department, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shuaifuyuan No. 1, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Bo Hou
- Radiology Department, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shuaifuyuan No. 1, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Caiyan Liu
- Neurology Department, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shuaifuyuan No. 1, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Chenhui Mao
- Neurology Department, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shuaifuyuan No. 1, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Xinying Huang
- Neurology Department, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shuaifuyuan No. 1, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Li Shang
- Neurology Department, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shuaifuyuan No. 1, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Shanshan Chu
- Neurology Department, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shuaifuyuan No. 1, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Bin Peng
- Neurology Department, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shuaifuyuan No. 1, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Liying Cui
- Neurology Department, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shuaifuyuan No. 1, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Feng Feng
- Radiology Department, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shuaifuyuan No. 1, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100005, China.
| | - Jing Gao
- Neurology Department, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shuaifuyuan No. 1, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100005, China.
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Fessel J. The several ways to authentically cure Alzheimer's dementia. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 92:102093. [PMID: 37865143 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.102093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
Although drugs may slow its progression, authentic cure of AD has never been accomplished. Here, six approaches are suggested that might achieve genuine cure. The six therapies include: 1) treatments addressing levels of TGF-β and Wnt/β-catenin, that become significantly reduced after MCI transitions to AD, and addressing also the impaired epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in AD's pathogenesis; 2) and 3) are two formulations that address the inadequate counter-responses to initial loss of cognition; 4) treatments addressing the brain cells whose impaired functions result in MCI and dementia; 5) the need for using partner drugs even when a particular drug addresses a single pathogenetic cause such as amyloid deposition; 6) enhancing the likelihood of genuine cure by using combinations of approaches chosen from the foregoing. Briefly, genuine cure of AD is possible; however, since AD denotes not one but multiple, phenotypically similar conditions, no one therapy can be generalized to all cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Fessel
- Department of Medicine, University of California, 2069 Filbert Street, San Francisco, CA 94123, USA.
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Stoner A, Fu L, Nicholson L, Zheng C, Toyonaga T, Spurrier J, Laird W, Cai Z, Strittmatter SM. Neuronal transcriptome, tau and synapse loss in Alzheimer's knock-in mice require prion protein. Alzheimers Res Ther 2023; 15:201. [PMID: 37968719 PMCID: PMC10647125 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-023-01345-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Progression of Alzheimer's disease leads to synapse loss, neural network dysfunction and cognitive failure. Accumulation of protein aggregates and brain immune activation have triggering roles in synaptic failure but the neuronal mechanisms underlying synapse loss are unclear. On the neuronal surface, cellular prion protein (PrPC) is known to be a high-affinity binding site for Amyloid-β oligomers (Aβo). However, PrPC's dependence in knock-in AD models for tau accumulation, transcriptomic alterations and imaging biomarkers is unknown. METHODS The necessity of PrPC was examined as a function of age in homozygous AppNL-G-F/hMapt double knock-in mice (DKI). Phenotypes of AppNL-G-F/hMapt mice with a deletion of Prnp expression (DKI; Prnp-/-) were compared with DKI mice with intact Prnp, mice with a targeted deletion of Prnp (Prnp-/-), and mice with intact Prnp (WT). Phenotypes examined included behavioral deficits, synapse loss by PET imaging, synapse loss by immunohistology, tau pathology, gliosis, inflammatory markers, and snRNA-seq transcriptomic profiling. RESULTS By 9 months age, DKI mice showed learning and memory impairment, but DKI; Prnp-/- and Prnp-/- groups were indistinguishable from WT. Synapse loss in DKI brain, measured by [18F]SynVesT-1 SV2A PET or anti-SV2A immunohistology, was prevented by Prnp deletion. Accumulation of Tau phosphorylated at aa 217 and 202/205, C1q tagging of synapses, and dystrophic neurites were all increased in DKI mice but each decreased to WT levels with Prnp deletion. In contrast, astrogliosis, microgliosis and Aβ levels were unchanged between DKI and DKI; Prnp-/- groups. Single-nuclei transcriptomics revealed differential expression in neurons and glia of DKI mice relative to WT. For DKI; Prnp-/- mice, the majority of neuronal genes differentially expressed in DKI mice were no longer significantly altered relative to WT, but most glial DKI-dependent gene expression changes persisted. The DKI-dependent neuronal genes corrected by Prnp deletion associated bioinformatically with synaptic function. Additional genes were uniquely altered only in the Prnp-/- or the DKI; Prnp-/- groups. CONCLUSIONS Thus, PrPC-dependent synapse loss, phospho-tau accumulation and neuronal gene expression in AD mice can be reversed without clearing Aβ plaque or preventing gliotic reaction. This supports targeting the Aβo-PrPC interaction to prevent Aβo-neurotoxicity and pathologic tau accumulation in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin Stoner
- Departments of Neuroscience and Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Li Fu
- Departments of Neuroscience and Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - LaShae Nicholson
- Departments of Neuroscience and Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Chao Zheng
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Takuya Toyonaga
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Joshua Spurrier
- Departments of Neuroscience and Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Will Laird
- Departments of Neuroscience and Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Zhengxin Cai
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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Gao HM, Chen H, Cui GY, Hu JX. Damage mechanism and therapy progress of the blood-brain barrier after ischemic stroke. Cell Biosci 2023; 13:196. [PMID: 37915036 PMCID: PMC10619327 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-01126-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) serves as a defensive line protecting the central nervous system, while also maintaining micro-environment homeostasis and inhibiting harmful materials from the peripheral blood. However, the BBB's unique physiological functions and properties make drug delivery challenging for patients with central nervous system diseases. In this article, we briefly describe the cell structure basis and mechanism of action of the BBB, as well as related functional proteins involved. Additionally, we discuss the various mechanisms of BBB damage following the onset of an ischemic stroke, and lastly, we mention several therapeutic strategies accounting for impairment mechanisms. We hope to provide innovative ideas for drug delivery research via the BBB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Min Gao
- Institute of Stroke Research, Xuzhou Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Gui-Yun Cui
- Institute of Stroke Research, Xuzhou Medical University, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jin-Xia Hu
- Institute of Stroke Research, Xuzhou Medical University, Jiangsu, China.
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Jiangsu, China.
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, China.
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Raafat RS, Habib MZ, AbdElfattah AA, Olama NK, Abdelraouf SM, Hendawy N, Kamal KA, Nawishy SA, Aboul-Fotouh S. Amisulpride attenuates 5-fluorouracil-induced cognitive deficits via modulating hippocampal Wnt/GSK-3β/β-catenin signaling in Wistar rats. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 124:110945. [PMID: 37716161 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
Chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment (CICI) is a general term describing cognitive dysfunction during/after treatment with chemotherapeutic agents. CICI represents a significant medical problem due to its increasing prevalence with the lack of robust therapeutic approaches. This study aimed at investigating the effects of chronic treatment with amisulpride (5 mg/kg/day) in the management of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-induced cognitive deficits in Wistar rats. Rats received 5 intraperitoneal injections of 5-FU (25 mg/kg every 3 days). 5-FU treatment induced impairments in spatial learning (reduction in object location discrimination ratio) and non-spatial learning (reduction in novel object recognition discrimination ratio). Moreover, 5-FU induced a decrease in the activity of the Wnt/GSK-3β/β-catenin pathway with a decrease in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) level in the hippocampus. These changes were associated with an increase in the expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines; tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β), in hippocampal tissue sections accompanied by a decrease in the number of Ki-67 positive cells (indicating a decrease in proliferative capacity), a decrease in the Nissl's granules optical density (denoting neurodegeneration), a decrease in the number of viable intact neurons with an increase in the expression of β-amyloid and caspase-3. Amisulpride enhanced Wnt/GSK-3β/β-catenin signaling, increased BDNF levels, and abrogated 5-FU-induced neuroinflammation, apoptosis, β-amyloid accumulation, and neurodegenerative changes with an improvement of cognitive performance. This study draws attention to the pro-cognitive effects of amisulpride in 5-FU-exposed rats that could be attributed to enhancing hippocampal Wnt/GSK-3β/β-catenin signaling pathway, and this could offer a promising therapeutic option for subjects with CICI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radwa S Raafat
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Z Habib
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt; Faculty of Medicine, King Salman International University, El-Tor, South Sinai, Egypt.
| | - Amany A AbdElfattah
- Department of Medical Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, El-Mansoura, Egypt; Faculty of Medicine, King Salman International University, El-Tor, South Sinai, Egypt
| | - Nouran K Olama
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sahar M Abdelraouf
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr International University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nevien Hendawy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt; Faculty of Medicine, Galala University, Suez, Egypt
| | - Khaled A Kamal
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Salwa A Nawishy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sawsan Aboul-Fotouh
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Zhuo R, Song Z, Wang Y, Zhu M, Liu F, Lin P, Rao R, Zhou Y, Zhao Y, Fan Z, Cui L, Liu H, Li J, Li Y, Guo H, Cai CF, Yang L. Oleoylethanolamide ameliorates motor dysfunction through PPARα-mediates oligodendrocyte differentiation and white matter integrity after ischemic stroke. Phytother Res 2023; 37:5341-5353. [PMID: 37700535 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Our previous study has revealed that OEA promotes motor function recovery in the chronic stage of ischemic stroke. However, the neuroprotective mechanism of OEA on motor function recovery after stroke still is unexplored. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore the effects of OEA treatment on angiogenesis, neurogenesis, and white matter repair in the peri-infarct region after cerebral ischemia. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE The adult male rats were subjected to 2 h of middle cerebral artery occlusion. The rats were treated with 10 and 30 mg/kg OEA or vehicle daily starting from day 2 after ischemia induction until they were sacrificed. KEY RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS The results revealed that OEA increased cortical angiogenesis, neural progenitor cells (NPCs) proliferation, migration, and differentiation. OEA treatment enhanced the survival of newborn neurons and oligodendrogenesis, which eventually repaired the cortical neuronal injury and improved motor function after ischemic stroke. Meanwhile, OEA treatment promoted the differentiation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) and oligodendrogenesis by activating the PPARα signaling pathway. Our results showed that OEA restores motor function by facilitating cortical angiogenesis, neurogenesis, and white matter repair in rats after ischemic stroke. Therefore, we demonstrate that OEA facilitates functional recovery after ischemic stroke and propose the hypothesis that the long-term application of OEA mitigates the disability after stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rengong Zhuo
- The Fifth Hospital of Xiamen & Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zhengmao Song
- The Fifth Hospital of Xiamen & Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yun Wang
- The Fifth Hospital of Xiamen & Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Maoshu Zhu
- The Fifth Hospital of Xiamen & Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Feng Liu
- The Fifth Hospital of Xiamen & Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Pingli Lin
- The Fifth Hospital of Xiamen & Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Rong Rao
- The Fifth Hospital of Xiamen & Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- The Fifth Hospital of Xiamen & Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yun Zhao
- The Fifth Hospital of Xiamen & Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zhongxiong Fan
- Institute of Materia Medica, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
| | - Lishan Cui
- The Fifth Hospital of Xiamen & Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Hongtao Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jingwen Li
- Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Ying Li
- Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, China
| | - Han Guo
- The Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng Fu Cai
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Teaching Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lichao Yang
- The Fifth Hospital of Xiamen & Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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Sarnowski C, Huan T, Ma Y, Joehanes R, Beiser A, DeCarli CS, Heard-Costa NL, Levy D, Lin H, Liu CT, Liu C, Meigs JB, Satizabal CL, Florez JC, Hivert MF, Dupuis J, De Jager PL, Bennett DA, Seshadri S, Morrison AC. Multi-tissue epigenetic analysis identifies distinct associations underlying insulin resistance and Alzheimer's disease at CPT1A locus. Clin Epigenetics 2023; 15:173. [PMID: 37891690 PMCID: PMC10612362 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-023-01589-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin resistance (IR) is a major risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia. The mechanisms by which IR predisposes to AD are not well-understood. Epigenetic studies may help identify molecular signatures of IR associated with AD, thus improving our understanding of the biological and regulatory mechanisms linking IR and AD. METHODS We conducted an epigenome-wide association study of IR, quantified using the homeostatic model assessment of IR (HOMA-IR) and adjusted for body mass index, in 3,167 participants from the Framingham Heart Study (FHS) without type 2 diabetes at the time of blood draw used for methylation measurement. We identified DNA methylation markers associated with IR at the genome-wide level accounting for multiple testing (P < 1.1 × 10-7) and evaluated their association with neurological traits in participants from the FHS (N = 3040) and the Religious Orders Study/Memory and Aging Project (ROSMAP, N = 707). DNA methylation profiles were measured in blood (FHS) or dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (ROSMAP) using the Illumina HumanMethylation450 BeadChip. Linear regressions (ROSMAP) or mixed-effects models accounting for familial relatedness (FHS) adjusted for age, sex, cohort, self-reported race, batch, and cell type proportions were used to assess associations between DNA methylation and neurological traits accounting for multiple testing. RESULTS We confirmed the strong association of blood DNA methylation with IR at three loci (cg17901584-DHCR24, cg17058475-CPT1A, cg00574958-CPT1A, and cg06500161-ABCG1). In FHS, higher levels of blood DNA methylation at cg00574958 and cg17058475 were both associated with lower IR (P = 2.4 × 10-11 and P = 9.0 × 10-8), larger total brain volumes (P = 0.03 and P = 9.7 × 10-4), and smaller log lateral ventricular volumes (P = 0.07 and P = 0.03). In ROSMAP, higher levels of brain DNA methylation at the same two CPT1A markers were associated with greater risk of cognitive impairment (P = 0.005 and P = 0.02) and higher AD-related indices (CERAD score: P = 5 × 10-4 and 0.001; Braak stage: P = 0.004 and P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest potentially distinct epigenetic regulatory mechanisms between peripheral blood and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex tissues underlying IR and AD at CPT1A locus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloé Sarnowski
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Tianxiao Huan
- Population Sciences Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yiyi Ma
- Center for Translational and Computational Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Roby Joehanes
- Population Sciences Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - Alexa Beiser
- The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Nancy L Heard-Costa
- The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel Levy
- Center for Translational and Computational Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - Honghuang Lin
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Ching-Ti Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chunyu Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - James B Meigs
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Programs in Metabolism and Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Claudia L Satizabal
- The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Department of Population Health Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Jose C Florez
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Programs in Metabolism and Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine and Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marie-France Hivert
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
- Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Josée Dupuis
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, School of Population and Global Health, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Philip L De Jager
- Center for Translational and Computational Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - David A Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sudha Seshadri
- The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Alanna C Morrison
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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Bora K, Kushwah N, Maurya M, Pavlovich MC, Wang Z, Chen J. Assessment of Inner Blood-Retinal Barrier: Animal Models and Methods. Cells 2023; 12:2443. [PMID: 37887287 PMCID: PMC10605292 DOI: 10.3390/cells12202443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Proper functioning of the neural retina relies on the unique retinal environment regulated by the blood-retinal barrier (BRB), which restricts the passage of solutes, fluids, and toxic substances. BRB impairment occurs in many retinal vascular diseases and the breakdown of BRB significantly contributes to disease pathology. Understanding the different molecular constituents and signaling pathways involved in BRB development and maintenance is therefore crucial in developing treatment modalities. This review summarizes the major molecular signaling pathways involved in inner BRB (iBRB) formation and maintenance, and representative animal models of eye diseases with retinal vascular leakage. Studies on Wnt/β-catenin signaling are highlighted, which is critical for retinal and brain vascular angiogenesis and barriergenesis. Moreover, multiple in vivo and in vitro methods for the detection and analysis of vascular leakage are described, along with their advantages and limitations. These pre-clinical animal models and methods for assessing iBRB provide valuable experimental tools in delineating the molecular mechanisms of retinal vascular diseases and evaluating therapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jing Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Lim CM, González Díaz A, Fuxreiter M, Pun FW, Zhavoronkov A, Vendruscolo M. Multiomic prediction of therapeutic targets for human diseases associated with protein phase separation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2300215120. [PMID: 37774095 PMCID: PMC10556643 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2300215120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The phenomenon of protein phase separation (PPS) underlies a wide range of cellular functions. Correspondingly, the dysregulation of the PPS process has been associated with numerous human diseases. To enable therapeutic interventions based on the regulation of this association, possible targets should be identified. For this purpose, we present an approach that combines the multiomic PandaOmics platform with the FuzDrop method to identify PPS-prone disease-associated proteins. Using this approach, we prioritize candidates with high PandaOmics and FuzDrop scores using a profiling method that accounts for a wide range of parameters relevant for disease mechanism and pharmacological intervention. We validate the differential phase separation behaviors of three predicted Alzheimer's disease targets (MARCKS, CAMKK2, and p62) in two cell models of this disease. Overall, the approach that we present generates a list of possible therapeutic targets for human diseases associated with the dysregulation of the PPS process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine M. Lim
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, Centre for Misfolding Diseases, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Alicia González Díaz
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, Centre for Misfolding Diseases, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Monika Fuxreiter
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova35131, Italy
| | - Frank W. Pun
- Insilico Medicine, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong, China
| | - Alex Zhavoronkov
- Insilico Medicine, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong, China
| | - Michele Vendruscolo
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, Centre for Misfolding Diseases, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB2 1EW, United Kingdom
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Hooshmandi E, Akbari S, Pandamooz S, Ghobadi M, Ghasemi R, Maghsoudi N, Rai SN, Borhani-Haghighi A, Salehi MS, Azarpira N, YousefiNejad A, Haghani M, Bayat M. Combined use of hair follicle stem cells and CEPO (carbamylated erythropoietin)-Fc in a rat model of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion: A behavioral, electrophysiological, and molecular study. Behav Brain Res 2023; 454:114655. [PMID: 37666305 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In dementia, synaptic dysfunction appears before neuronal loss. Stem cell therapy could potentially provide a promising strategy for the treatment of dementia models. The carbamylated erythropoietin fusion protein (CEPO-Fc) has shown synaptotrophic effects. This study aimed to determine the efficiency of the combined use of hair follicle stem cells (HFSC) and CEPO-Fc in the basal synaptic transmission (BST) and long-term plasticity (LTP) of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) rats. METHODS We divided 64 adult rats into control, sham, CCH+vehicle, CCH+CEPO, CCH+HFSC, and CCH+HFSC+CEPO groups. The CEPO-Fc was injected three times/week for 30 days. HFSC transplantation was done on days 4, 14, and 21 after surgery. The Morris water maze test and passive avoidance were used to assess memory. BST and LTP were assessed by a field-potential recording of the CA1 region. The hippocampal mRNA expression of IGF-1, TGF-β1, β1-Catenine, NR2B, PSD-95, and GSk-3β was evaluated by quantitative RT-PCR. RESULTS Following combination therapy, spatial memory retention, and BST showed significant improvement relative to HFSC and CEPO-Fc groups. These effects were also confirmed by recovered mRNA expression of β1-catenin, TGF-β1, and NR2B. GSK-3β expression was downregulated in all treatment groups. The upregulated PSD-95 was identified in HFSC and combination groups compared to the vehicle group. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that the combined use of HFSC and CEPO-Fc may be more advantageous for treating memory disruption in the CCH model than CEPO-Fc or HFSC alone. This type of combination therapy may hopefully lead to a new approach to treatment for dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etrat Hooshmandi
- Clinical Neurology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, the Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Somayeh Akbari
- Department of Physiology, The Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, the Islamic Republic of Iran; Histomorphometry and Stereology Research Centre, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, the Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Sareh Pandamooz
- Stem Cells Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, the Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Mojtaba Ghobadi
- Department of Physiology, The Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, the Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Rasoul Ghasemi
- Neurophysiology Research Center and Physiology Department, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, the Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Nader Maghsoudi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, the Islamic Republic of Iran
| | | | - Afshin Borhani-Haghighi
- Clinical Neurology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, the Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Mohammad Saied Salehi
- Clinical Neurology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, the Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Negar Azarpira
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Mohammad Rasoul-Allah Research Tower, Shiraz, the Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Amirhossein YousefiNejad
- Department of Physiology, The Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, the Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Masoud Haghani
- Department of Physiology, The Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, the Islamic Republic of Iran; Histomorphometry and Stereology Research Centre, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, the Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Mahnaz Bayat
- Department of Physiology, The Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, the Islamic Republic of Iran.
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Anand AA, Khan M, V M, Kar D. The Molecular Basis of Wnt/ β-Catenin Signaling Pathways in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Cell Biol 2023; 2023:9296092. [PMID: 37780577 PMCID: PMC10539095 DOI: 10.1155/2023/9296092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Defective Wnt signaling is found to be associated with various neurodegenerative diseases. In the canonical pathway, the Frizzled receptor (Fzd) and the lipoprotein receptor-related proteins 5/6 (LRP5/LRP6) create a seven-pass transmembrane receptor complex to which the Wnt ligands bind. This interaction causes the tumor suppressor adenomatous polyposis coli gene product (APC), casein kinase 1 (CK1), and GSK-3β (glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta) to be recruited by the scaffold protein Dishevelled (Dvl), which in turn deactivates the β-catenin destruction complex. This inactivation stops the destruction complex from phosphorylating β-catenin. As a result, β-catenin first builds up in the cytoplasm and then migrates into the nucleus, where it binds to the Lef/Tcf transcription factor to activate the transcription of more than 50 Wnt target genes, including those involved in cell growth, survival, differentiation, neurogenesis, and inflammation. The treatments that are currently available for neurodegenerative illnesses are most commonly not curative in nature but are only symptomatic. According to all available research, restoring Wnt/β-catenin signaling in the brains of patients with neurodegenerative disorders, particularly Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, would improve the condition of several patients with neurological disorders. The importance of Wnt activators and modulators in patients with such illnesses is to mainly restore rather than overstimulate the Wnt/β-catenin signaling, thereby reestablishing the equilibrium between Wnt-OFF and Wnt-ON states. In this review, we have tried to summarize the significance of the Wnt canonical pathway in the pathophysiology of certain neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, cerebral ischemia, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, multiple sclerosis, and other similar diseases, and as to how can it be restored in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananya Anurag Anand
- Department of Applied Sciences, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Allahabad 211012, India
| | - Misbah Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bengaluru 560054, India
| | - Monica V
- Department of Biotechnology, Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bengaluru 560054, India
| | - Debasish Kar
- Department of Biotechnology, Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bengaluru 560054, India
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Abu-Elfotuh K, Selim HMRM, Riad OKM, Hamdan AME, Hassanin SO, Sharif AF, Moustafa NM, Gowifel AM, Mohamed MYA, Atwa AM, Zaghlool SS, El-Din MN. The protective effects of sesamol and/or the probiotic, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, against aluminum chloride-induced neurotoxicity and hepatotoxicity in rats: Modulation of Wnt/β-catenin/GSK-3β, JAK-2/STAT-3, PPAR-γ, inflammatory, and apoptotic pathways. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1208252. [PMID: 37601053 PMCID: PMC10436218 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1208252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Aluminium (Al) is accumulated in the brain causing neurotoxicity and neurodegenerative disease like Alzheimer's disease (AD), multiple sclerosis, autism and epilepsy. Hence, attenuation of Al-induced neurotoxicity has become a "hot topic" in looking for an intervention that slow down the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. Objective: Our study aims to introduce a new strategy for hampering aluminum chloride (AlCl3)-induced neurotoxicity using a combination of sesamol with the probiotic bacteria; Lactobacillus rhamnosus (L. rhamnosus) and also to test their possible ameliorative effects on AlCl3-induced hepatotoxicity. Methods: Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomly divided into five groups (n = 10/group) which are control, AlCl3, AlCl3 + Sesamol, AlCl3 + L. rhamnosus and AlCl3 + Sesamol + L. rhamnosus. We surveilled the behavioral, biochemical, and histopathological alterations centrally in the brain and peripherally in liver. Results: This work revealed that the combined therapy of sesamol and L. rhamnosus produced marked reduction in brain amyloid-β, p-tau, GSK-3β, inflammatory and apoptotic biomarkers, along with marked elevation in brain free β-catenin and Wnt3a, compared to AlCl3-intoxicated rats. Also, the combined therapy exerted pronounced reduction in hepatic expressions of JAK-2/STAT-3, inflammatory (TNF-α, IL-6, NF-κB), fibrotic (MMP-2, TIMP-1, α-SMA) and apoptotic markers, (caspase-3), together with marked elevation in hepatic PPAR-γ expression, compared to AlCl3 -intoxicated rats. Behavioral and histopathological assessments substantiated the efficiency of this combined regimen in halting the effect of neurotoxicity. Discussion: Probiotics can be used as an add-on therapy with sesamol ameliorate AlCl3 -mediated neurotoxicity and hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karema Abu-Elfotuh
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Heba Mohammed Refat M. Selim
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Omnia Karem M. Riad
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M. E. Hamdan
- Pharmacy Practice Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Soha Osama Hassanin
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information (MTI), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Asmaa F. Sharif
- Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
- Clinical Medical Sciences Department, College of Medicine, Dar Al Uloom University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nouran Magdy Moustafa
- Basic Medical Science Department, College of Medicine, Dar Al Uloom University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Medical Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ayah M.H. Gowifel
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information (MTI), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marwa Y. A. Mohamed
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M. Atwa
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sameh S. Zaghlool
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information (MTI), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Nour El-Din
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City (USC), Menoufia, Egypt
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50
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Yoon M, Kim H, Shin H, Lee H, Kang MJ, Park SH, Han G, Kim Y, Choi KY. Inhibition of CXXC5 function rescues Alzheimer's disease phenotypes by restoring Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Pharmacol Res 2023; 194:106836. [PMID: 37355147 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent type of dementia and is characterized by cognitive deficits and accumulation of pathological plaques. Owing to the complexity of AD development, paradigms for AD research and drug discovery have shifted to target factors that mediate multiple pathogenesis in AD. Increasing evidence suggests that the suppression of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway plays substantial roles in AD progression. However, the underlying mechanism for the suppression of Wnt/β-catenin pathway associated with AD pathogenesis remains unexplored. In this study, we identified that CXXC5, a negative feedback regulator of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, was overexpressed in the tissues of AD patients and 5xFAD transgenic mice paired with the suppression of Wnt/β-catenin pathway and its target genes related to AD. The level of CXXC5 was upregulated, upon aging of 5xFAD mice. AD characteristics including cognitive deficits, amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques, neuronal inflammation, and age-dependent increment of AD-related markers were rescued in Cxxc5-/-/5xFAD mice. 5-methoxyindirubin-3'-oxime (KY19334), a small molecule that restores the suppressed Wnt/β-catenin pathway via interference of the CXXC5-Dvl interaction, significantly improved the overall pathogenic phenotypes of 5xFAD mice. Collectively, our findings revealed that CXXC5 plays a key role in AD pathogenesis and suggest inhibition of CXXC5-Dvl interaction as a new therapeutic approach for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minguen Yoon
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Heejene Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Heewon Shin
- Department of Pharmacy and Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - HeeYang Lee
- Department of Pharmacy and Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Sung-Hye Park
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyoonhee Han
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - YoungSoo Kim
- Department of Pharmacy and Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kang-Yell Choi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; CK Regeon Inc, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
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