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Li D, Zhang T, Guo Y, Bi C, Liu M, Wang G. Biological impact and therapeutic implication of tumor-associated macrophages in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:498. [PMID: 38997297 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06888-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment is a complex space comprised of normal, cancer and immune cells. The macrophages are considered as the most abundant immune cells in tumor microenvironment and their function in tumorigenesis is interesting. Macrophages can be present as M1 and M2 polarization that show anti-cancer and oncogenic activities, respectively. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) mainly have M2 polarization and they increase tumorigenesis due to secretion of factors, cytokines and affecting molecular pathways. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is among predominant tumors of liver that in spite of understanding its pathogenesis, the role of tumor microenvironment in its progression still requires more attention. The presence of TAMs in HCC causes an increase in growth and invasion of HCC cells and one of the reasons is induction of glycolysis that such metabolic reprogramming makes HCC distinct from normal cells and promotes its malignancy. Since M2 polarization of TAMs stimulates tumorigenesis in HCC, molecular networks regulating M2 to M1 conversion have been highlighted and moreover, drugs and compounds with the ability of targeting TAMs and suppressing their M2 phenotypes or at least their tumorigenesis activity have been utilized. TAMs increase aggressive behavior and biological functions of HCC cells that can result in development of therapy resistance. Macrophages can provide cell-cell communication in HCC by secreting exosomes having various types of biomolecules that transfer among cells and change their activity. Finally, non-coding RNA transcripts can mainly affect polarization of TAMs in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deming Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, PR China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, PR China
| | - Ye Guo
- Department of Intervention, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, PR China
| | - Cong Bi
- Department of Radiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, PR China.
| | - Ming Liu
- Department of Oral Radiology, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110002, PR China.
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Intervention, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, PR China.
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2
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Xin Z, Chen H, Xu J, Zhang H, Peng Y, Ren J, Guo Q, Song J, Jiao L, You L, Bai L, Wei Y, Zhou J, Ying B. Exosomal mRNA in plasma serves as a predictive marker for microvascular invasion in hepatocellular carcinoma. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024. [PMID: 38972728 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.16677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM There is a pressing need for non-invasive preoperative prediction of microvascular invasion (MVI) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study investigates the potential of exosome-derived mRNA in plasma as a biomarker for diagnosing MVI. METHODS Patients with suspected HCC undergoing hepatectomy were prospectively recruited for preoperative peripheral blood collection. Exosomal RNA profiling was conducted using RNA sequencing in the discovery cohort, followed by differential expression analysis to identify candidate targets. We employed multiplexed droplet digital PCR technology to efficiently validate them in a larger sample size cohort. RESULTS A total of 131 HCC patients were ultimately enrolled, with 37 in the discovery cohort and 94 in the validation cohort. In the validation cohort, the expression levels of RSAD2, PRPSAP1, and HOXA2 were slightly elevated while CHMP4A showed a slight decrease in patients with MVI compared with those without MVI. These trends were consistent with the findings in the discovery cohort, although they did not reach statistical significance (P > 0.05). Notably, the expression level of exosomal PRPSAP1 in plasma was significantly higher in patients with more than 5 MVI than in those without MVI (0.147 vs 0.070, P = 0.035). CONCLUSION This study unveils the potential of exosome-derived PRPSAP1 in plasma as a promising indicator for predicting MVI status preoperatively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaodan Xin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingtong Xu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haili Zhang
- Division of Liver Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yufu Peng
- Division of Liver Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Ren
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangyuan Central Hospital, Guangyuan, China
| | - Qin Guo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Ziyang, Ziyang, China
| | - Jiajia Song
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lin Jiao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liting You
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling Bai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yonggang Wei
- Division of Liver Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Juan Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Binwu Ying
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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3
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Shi M, Jia JS, Gao GS, Hua X. Advances and challenges of exosome-derived noncoding RNAs for hepatocellular carcinoma diagnosis and treatment. Biochem Biophys Rep 2024; 38:101695. [PMID: 38560049 PMCID: PMC10979073 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2024.101695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Exosomes, also termed extracellular vesicles (EVs), are an important component of the tumor microenvironment (TME) and exert versatile effects on the molecular communications in the TME of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Exosome-mediated intercellular communication is closely associated with the tumorigenesis and development of HCC. Exosomes can be extracted through ultracentrifugation and size exclusion, followed by molecular analysis through sequencing. Increasing studies have confirmed the important roles of exosome-derived ncRNAs in HCC, including tumorigenesis, progression, immune escape, and treatment resistance. Due to the protective membrane structure of exosomes, the ncRNAs carried by exosomes can evade degradation by enzymes in body fluids and maintain good expression stability. Thus, exosome-derived ncRNAs are highly suitable as biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognostic prediction of HCC, such as exosomal miR-21-5p, miR-221-3p and lncRNA-ATB. In addition, substantial studies revealed that the up-or down-regulation of exosome-derived ncRNAs had an important impact on HCC progression and response to treatment. Exosomal biomarkers, such as miR-23a, lncRNA DLX6-AS1, miR-21-5p, lncRNA TUC339, lncRNA HMMR-AS1 and hsa_circ_0004658, can reshape immune microenvironment by regulating M2-type macrophage polarization and then promote HCC development. Therefore, by controlling exosome biogenesis and modulating exosomal ncRNA levels, HCC may be inhibited or eliminated. In this current review, we summarized the recent findings on the role of exosomes in HCC progression and analyzed the relationship between exosome-derived ncRNAs and HCC diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Shi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Ningbo No.2 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jun-Su Jia
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Ningbo No.2 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guo-Sheng Gao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Ningbo No.2 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xin Hua
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Ningbo No.2 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
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4
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Yang M, Mu Y, Yu X, Gao D, Zhang W, Li Y, Liu J, Sun C, Zhuang J. Survival strategies: How tumor hypoxia microenvironment orchestrates angiogenesis. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 176:116783. [PMID: 38796970 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
During tumor development, the tumor itself must continuously generate new blood vessels to meet their growth needs while also allowing for tumor invasion and metastasis. One of the most common features of tumors is hypoxia, which drives the process of tumor angiogenesis by regulating the tumor microenvironment, thus adversely affecting the prognosis of patients. In addition, to overcome unsuitable environments for growth, such as hypoxia, nutrient deficiency, hyperacidity, and immunosuppression, the tumor microenvironment (TME) coordinates angiogenesis in several ways to restore the supply of oxygen and nutrients and to remove metabolic wastes. A growing body of research suggests that tumor angiogenesis and hypoxia interact through a complex interplay of crosstalk, which is inextricably linked to the TME. Here, we review the TME's positive contribution to angiogenesis from an angiogenesis-centric perspective while considering the objective impact of hypoxic phenotypes and the status and limitations of current angiogenic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengrui Yang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Yufeng Mu
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Xiaoyun Yu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Dandan Gao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Wenfeng Zhang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Ye Li
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, 999078, Macao Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Jingyang Liu
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, 999078, Macao Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Changgang Sun
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang 261053, China; Department of Oncology, Weifang Traditional Chinese Hospital, Weifang 261000, China.
| | - Jing Zhuang
- Department of Oncology, Weifang Traditional Chinese Hospital, Weifang 261000, China.
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Cao H, Wang S. G-CSF promotes the development of hepatocellular carcinoma by activating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in TAM. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:205922. [PMID: 38967628 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This investigation seeks to elucidate the role of the Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor (G-CSF) in the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), as well as the impact of the substance on related signaling pathways within the disease matrix. METHODS Nude mouse tumor-bearing assay was used to detect tumor progression. Levels of Mannose/CD68 and CD34/Mannose within these samples and the concentrations of Mannose and inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase (iNOS) in macrophages were quantified using immunofluorescence techniques. The angiogenic capability was assessed via tube formation assays, and protein expressions of G-CSF, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF), Transforming Growth Factor-beta (TGF-β), Matrix Metalloproteinases 2 and 9 (MMP2/9), SH2-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase-2 (SHP-2), phosphorylated PI3K/total PI3K (P-PI3K/t-PI3K), phosphorylated AKT/total AKT (P-AKT/t-AKT), and phosphorylated mTOR/total mTOR (P-mTOR/t-mTOR) were measured through Western Blot analysis in both tumor tissues and macrophages. RESULTS Administration of G-CSF resulted in a marked augmentation of tumor volume. Macrophage Mannose expression was significantly elevated upon G-CSF treatment, while iNOS levels were conspicuously diminished. G-CSF substantially enhanced the secretion of VEGF, TGF-β, and MMPs in tumor tissues. Macrophage parameters, following incubation in G-CSF pre-treated conditioned medium, indicated enhanced tube-forming capabilities relative to the control, an effect mitigated by the introduction of specific inhibitors. Furthermore, the G-CSF group exhibited a notable reduction in SHP-2 expression, alongside a substantial elevation in the phosphorylation levels of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway proteins across all tumor-bearing paradigms. CONCLUSION G-CSF ostensibly facilitates the advancement of hepatocellular carcinoma by activating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling cascade within Tumor-Associated Macrophages (TAM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Cao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, P.R. China
| | - Shunxiang Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, P.R. China
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El Hayek T, Alnaser-Almusa OA, Alsalameh SM, Alhalabi MT, Sabbah AN, Alshehri EA, Mir TA, Mani NK, Al-Kattan K, Chinnappan R, Yaqinuddin A. Emerging role of exosomal microRNA in liver cancer in the era of precision medicine; potential and challenges. Front Mol Biosci 2024; 11:1381789. [PMID: 38993840 PMCID: PMC11236732 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2024.1381789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) have great potential in the fight against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the fourth most common cause of cancer-related death worldwide. In this study, we explored the various applications of these small molecules while analyzing their complex roles in tumor development, metastasis, and changes in the tumor microenvironment. We also discussed the complex interactions that exist between exosomal miRNAs and other non-coding RNAs such as circular RNAs, and show how these interactions coordinate important biochemical pathways that propel the development of HCC. The possibility of targeting exosomal miRNAs for therapeutic intervention is paramount, even beyond their mechanistic significance. We also highlighted their growing potential as cutting-edge biomarkers that could lead to tailored treatment plans by enabling early identification, precise prognosis, and real-time treatment response monitoring. This thorough analysis revealed an intricate network of exosomal miRNAs lead to HCC progression. Finally, strategies for purification and isolation of exosomes and advanced biosensing techniques for detection of exosomal miRNAs are also discussed. Overall, this comprehensive review sheds light on the complex web of exosomal miRNAs in HCC, offering valuable insights for future advancements in diagnosis, prognosis, and ultimately, improved outcomes for patients battling this deadly disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarek El Hayek
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | | | | | - Eman Abdullah Alshehri
- Tissue/Organ Bioengineering and BioMEMS Laboratory, Organ Transplant Centre of Excellence (TR&I-Dpt), King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tanveer Ahmad Mir
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Tissue/Organ Bioengineering and BioMEMS Laboratory, Organ Transplant Centre of Excellence (TR&I-Dpt), King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naresh Kumar Mani
- Centre for Microfluidics, Biomarkers, Photoceutics and Sensors (μBioPS), Department of Biotechnology, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Khaled Al-Kattan
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Lung Health Center Department, Organ Transplant Centre of Excellence, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raja Chinnappan
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Tissue/Organ Bioengineering and BioMEMS Laboratory, Organ Transplant Centre of Excellence (TR&I-Dpt), King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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7
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Yin YF, Jia QY, Yao HF, Zhu YH, Zheng JH, Duan ZH, Hu CY, Sun YW, Liu DJ, Huo YM, Liu W. OCIAD2 promotes pancreatic cancer progression through the AKT signaling pathway. Gene 2024; 927:148735. [PMID: 38944166 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND OCIAD2(Ovarian carcinoma immunoreactive antigen-like protein 2) is a protein reported in various cancers. However, the role of OCIAD2 has not been explored in pan-cancer datasets. The purpose of this research lies in analyzing the expression level and prognostic-related value of OCIAD2 in different human cancers, as well as revealing the underlying mechanism in specific cancer type (pancreatic adenocarcinoma, PAAD). METHODS The correlation between OCIAD2 expression level and clinical relevance in different human cancers was investigated from bioinformatical perspective (GTEx and TCGA). The OCIAD2 expression level and clinical significance in PAAD were explored in GEO datasets and tissue microarray. Functional experiments were used to determine the OCIAD2 cell functions in vitro and in vivo. GSEA, western blot and immunohistochemistry were used to uncover the potential mechanism. RESULTS OCIAD2 expression level was closely correlated with clinical relevance in many cancer types through pan-cancer analysis, and we found OCIAD2 was highly expressed in PAAD and associated with poorer prognosis. OCIAD2 acted as the promotor of Warburg effect and influenced PAAD cells proliferation, migration and apoptosis. Mechanistically, OCIAD2 upregulation may boost glycolysis in PAAD via activating the AKT signaling pathway in PAAD. CONCLUSIONS In PAAD, OCIAD2 promotes Warburg effect via AKT signaling pathway and targeting cancer cells metabolic reprogramming could be a potential treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Fan Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China; Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, PR China
| | - Qin-Yuan Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China; Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, PR China
| | - Hong-Fei Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China; Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, PR China
| | - Yu-Heng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China; Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, PR China
| | - Jia-Hao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China; Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, PR China
| | - Zong-Hao Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China; Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, PR China
| | - Cheng-Yu Hu
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, PR China
| | - Yong-Wei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China; Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, PR China
| | - De-Jun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China; Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, PR China.
| | - Yan-Miao Huo
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China; Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, PR China.
| | - Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China; Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, PR China.
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Zhou X, Tong Y, Yu C, Pu J, Zhu W, Zhou Y, Wang Y, Xiong Y, Sun X. FAP positive cancer-associated fibroblasts promote tumor progression and radioresistance in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma by transferring exosomal lncRNA AFAP1-AS1. Mol Carcinog 2024. [PMID: 38934786 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are abundant and heterogeneous stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment, which play important roles in regulating tumor progression and therapy resistance by transferring exosomes to cancer cells. However, how CAFs modulate esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) progression and radioresistance remains incompletely understood. The expression of fibroblast activation protein (FAP) in CAFs was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in 174 ESCC patients who underwent surgery and 78 pretreatment biopsy specimens of ESCC patients who underwent definitive chemoradiotherapy. We sorted CAFs according to FAP expression, and the conditioned medium (CM) was collected to culture ESCC cells. The expression levels of several lncRNAs that were considered to regulate ESCC progression and/or radioresistance were measured in exosomes derived from FAP+ CAFs and FAP- CAFs. Subsequently, cell counting kit-8, 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine, transwell, colony formation, and xenograft assays were performed to investigate the functional differences between FAP+ CAFs and FAP- CAFs. Finally, a series of in vitro and in vivo assays were used to evaluate the effect of AFAP1-AS1 on radiosensitivity of ESCC cells. FAP expression in stromal CAFs was positively correlated with nerve invasion, vascular invasion, depth of invasion, lymph node metastasis, lack of clinical complete response and poor survival. Culture of ESCC cells with CM/FAP+ CAFs significantly increased cancer proliferation, migration, invasion and radioresistance, compared with culture with CM/FAP- CAFs. Importantly, FAP+ CAFs exert their roles by directly transferring the functional lncRNA AFAP1-AS1 to ESCC cells via exosomes. Functional studies showed that AFAP1-AS1 promoted radioresistance by enhancing DNA damage repair in ESCC cells. Clinically, high levels of plasma AFAP1-AS1 correlated with poor responses to dCRT in ESCC patients. Our findings demonstrated that FAP+ CAFs promoted radioresistance in ESCC cells through transferring exosomal lncRNA AFAP1-AS1; and may be a potential therapeutic target for ESCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xilei Zhou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, China
| | - Yusuo Tong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, China
| | - Changhua Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, China
| | - Juan Pu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Lianshui County People's Hospital, Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, China
| | - Weiguo Zhu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, China
| | - Yun Zhou
- Department of Radiotherapy, Xuzhou Central Hospital, The Xuzhou School of Clinical Medicine of Nanjing Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yuandong Wang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yaozu Xiong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, China
| | - Xinchen Sun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Velikova T, Dekova T, Miteva DG. Controversies regarding transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells. World J Transplant 2024; 14:90554. [PMID: 38947963 PMCID: PMC11212595 DOI: 10.5500/wjt.v14.i2.90554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have tantalized regenerative medicine with their therapeutic potential, yet a cloud of controversies looms over their clinical transplantation. This comprehensive review navigates the intricate landscape of MSC controversies, drawing upon 15 years of clinical experience and research. We delve into the fundamental properties of MSCs, exploring their unique immunomodulatory capabilities and surface markers. The heart of our inquiry lies in the controversial applications of MSC transplantation, including the perennial debate between autologous and allogeneic sources, concerns about efficacy, and lingering safety apprehensions. Moreover, we unravel the enigmatic mechanisms surrounding MSC transplantation, such as homing, integration, and the delicate balance between differentiation and paracrine effects. We also assess the current status of clinical trials and the ever-evolving regulatory landscape. As we peer into the future, we examine emerging trends, envisioning personalized medicine and innovative delivery methods. Our review provides a balanced and informed perspective on the controversies, offering readers a clear understanding of the complexities, challenges, and potential solutions in MSC transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsvetelina Velikova
- Department of Medical Faculty, Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski, Sofia 1407, Bulgaria
| | - Tereza Dekova
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski, Sofia 1164, Bulgaria
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10
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Wu H, Zeng C, Wu G, Fang F, Xiao C, Li L, Luo Y, Ouyang Z, Zhou C, Qian Y. Exosomal LRG1 promotes non-small cell lung cancer proliferation and metastasis by binding FN1 protein. Exp Cell Res 2024; 439:114097. [PMID: 38796135 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2024.114097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
Leucine-rich α2-glycoprotein-1 (LRG1) is overexpressed in various cancers, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but its role in NSCLC cell metastasis is not well understood. In this study, NSCLC cell exosomes were analyzed using different techniques, and the impact of exosomal LRG1 on NSCLC cell behavior was investigated through various assays both in vitro and in vivo. The study revealed that LRG1, found abundantly in NSCLC cells and exosomes, enhanced cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Exosomal LRG1 was shown to promote NSCLC cell metastasis in animal models. Additionally, the interaction between LRG1 and fibronectin 1 (FN1) in the cytoplasm was identified. It was observed that FN1 could counteract the effects of LRG1 knockdown on cell regulation induced by exosomes derived from NSCLC cells. Overall, the findings suggest that targeting exosomal LRG1 or FN1 may hold therapeutic potential for treating NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518035, China.
| | - Chao Zeng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518035, China.
| | - Guodong Wu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518035, China.
| | - Fuyuan Fang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518035, China.
| | - Chunyang Xiao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518035, China.
| | - Liang Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518035, China
| | - Yisheng Luo
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518035, China.
| | - Zezhong Ouyang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518035, China.
| | - Chaochao Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518035, China.
| | - Youhui Qian
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518035, China.
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11
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Hu P, Yan T, Lv S, Ye M, Wu M, Fang H, Xiao B. Exosomal HMGB3 released by glioma cells confers the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and pyroptosis in tumor-associated macrophages. Tissue Cell 2024; 88:102406. [PMID: 38761792 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2024.102406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous evidences has highlighted the pivotal role of NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3)-mediated inflammasomes and pyroptosis activation in driving tumor malignancy and shaping the tumor microenvironment. Herein, we aimed to elucidate the impact of high-mobility group box 3 (HMGB3) released in glioma-derived exosomes on macrophage infiltration in gliomas, NLRP3 inflammasome activation and polarization. METHODS Transcripts and protein levels of HMGB3, and cytokines associated with macrophage phenotypes and pyroptosis were assessed in glioma tissues and cell lines (U251, LN229, T98G, A172) using qRT-PCR and/or Western blot analysis. Exosomes secreted from LN229 and NHA cells were isolated via differential ultracentrifugation and characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), and analysis of exosome-related markers. PKH67 staining was employed to examine exosomes uptake by THP-1 differentiated macrophages. Flow cytometry was utilized to assess macrophage pyroptotic rates and polarization-related markers. RESULTS HMGB3 expression was elevated in glioma tissues, serum samples and tumor cell lines. Kaplan-Meier curves revealed a positive correlation between higher HMGB3 expression and poor overall survival and recurrence-free survival. Moreover, glioma tissues with increased HMGB3 expression exhibited significant upregulation of M2 macrophages markers (CD68, CD206, Arg1) and NLRP3 inflammasome components (NLRP3, IL-1β, ASC), suggesting that HMGB3 was closely associated with macrophage infiltration and NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Notably, HMGB3 was found to be enriched in glioma cell- secreted exosomes and could be internalized by macrophages. Knockdown of HMGB3 in glioma cell exosomes could restrain M2 macrophage polarization, NLRP3 inflammasome activation and pyroptosis. CONCLUSION These findings suggested that glioma cells secreted exosomal HMGB3 could facilitate macrophage M2 polarization, pyroptosis and inflammatory infiltration, indicating HMGB3 might be a poor prognosis factor for glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, the 2nd affiliated hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province 330006, PR China
| | - Tengfeng Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, the 2nd affiliated hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province 330006, PR China
| | - Shigang Lv
- Department of Neurosurgery, the 2nd affiliated hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province 330006, PR China
| | - Minhua Ye
- Department of Neurosurgery, the 2nd affiliated hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province 330006, PR China
| | - Miaojing Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, the 2nd affiliated hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province 330006, PR China
| | - Hua Fang
- Department of Neurosurgery, the 2nd affiliated hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province 330006, PR China
| | - Bing Xiao
- Department of Neurosurgery, the 2nd affiliated hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province 330006, PR China.
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12
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Dong FL, Xu ZZ, Wang YQ, Li T, Wang X, Li J. Exosome-derived circUPF2 enhances resistance to targeted therapy by redeploying ferroptosis sensitivity in hepatocellular carcinoma. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:298. [PMID: 38811968 PMCID: PMC11137910 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02582-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) can be treated with sorafenib, which is the primary choice for targeted therapy. Nevertheless, the effectiveness of sorafenib is greatly restricted due to resistance. Research has shown that exosomes and circular RNAs play a vital role in the cancer's malignant advancement. However, the significance of exosomal circular RNAs in the development of resistance to sorafenib in HCC remains uncertain. METHODS Ultracentrifugation was utilized to isolate exosomes (Exo-SR) from the sorafenib-resistant HCC cells' culture medium. Transcriptome sequencing and differential expression gene analysis were used to identify the targets of Exo-SR action in HCC cells. To identify the targets of Exo-SR action in HCC cells, transcriptome sequencing and analysis of differential expression genes were employed. To evaluate the impact of exosomal circUPF2 on resistance to sorafenib in HCC, experiments involving gain-of-function and loss-of-function were conducted. RNA pull-down assays and mass spectrometry analysis were performed to identify the RNA-binding proteins interacting with circUPF2. RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP), RNA pull-down, electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA), immunofluorescence (IF) -fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and rescue assays were used to validate the interactions among circUPF2, IGF2BP2 and SLC7A11. Finally, a tumor xenograft assay was used to examine the biological functions and underlying mechanisms of Exo-SR and circUPF2 in vivo. RESULTS A novel exosomal circRNA, circUPF2, was identified and revealed to be significantly enriched in Exo-SR. Exosomes with enriched circUPF2 enhanced sorafenib resistance by promoting SLC7A11 expression and suppressing ferroptosis in HCC cells. Mechanistically, circUPF2 acts as a framework to enhance the creation of the circUPF2-IGF2BP2-SLC7A11 ternary complex contributing to the stabilization of SLC7A11 mRNA. Consequently, exosomal circUPF2 promotes SLC7A11 expression and enhances the function of system Xc- in HCC cells, leading to decreased sensitivity to ferroptosis and resistance to sorafenib. CONCLUSIONS The resistance to sorafenib in HCC is facilitated by the exosomal circUPF2, which promotes the formation of the circUPF2-IGF2BP2-SLC7A11 ternary complex and increases the stability of SLC7A11 mRNA. Focusing on exosomal circUPF2 could potentially be an innovative approach for HCC treatment.
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MESH Headings
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/genetics
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/metabolism
- Humans
- Exosomes/metabolism
- Liver Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Liver Neoplasms/genetics
- Liver Neoplasms/pathology
- Liver Neoplasms/metabolism
- Sorafenib/pharmacology
- RNA, Circular/genetics
- RNA, Circular/metabolism
- Ferroptosis/drug effects
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Animals
- Mice
- RNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- RNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- Mice, Nude
- Amino Acid Transport System y+/metabolism
- Amino Acid Transport System y+/genetics
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Lin Dong
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, No. 16766, Jingshi Road, Jinan, 250014, China
- Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117, China
| | - Zong-Zhen Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, No. 16766, Jingshi Road, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Ying-Qiao Wang
- Department of Hematology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Tao Li
- Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, No. 16766, Jingshi Road, Jinan, 250014, China.
- Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117, China.
| | - Jie Li
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, No. 16766, Jingshi Road, Jinan, 250014, China.
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13
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Liu J, Sun B, Li W, Kim HJ, Gan SU, Ho JS, Rahmat JNB, Zhang Y. Wireless sequential dual light delivery for programmed PDT in vivo. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2024; 13:113. [PMID: 38744817 PMCID: PMC11094163 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-024-01437-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Using photodynamic therapy (PDT) to treat deep-seated cancers is limited due to inefficient delivery of photosensitizers and low tissue penetration of light. Polymeric nanocarriers are widely used for photosensitizer delivery, while the self-quenching of the encapsulated photosensitizers would impair the PDT efficacy. Furthermore, the generated short-lived reactive oxygen spieces (ROS) can hardly diffuse out of nanocarriers, resulting in low PDT efficacy. Therefore, a smart nanocarrier system which can be degraded by light, followed by photosensitizer activation can potentially overcome these limitations and enhance the PDT efficacy. A light-sensitive polymer nanocarrier encapsulating photosensitizer (RB-M) was synthesized. An implantable wireless dual wavelength microLED device which delivers the two light wavelengths sequentially was developed to programmatically control the release and activation of the loaded photosensitizer. Two transmitter coils with matching resonant frequencies allow activation of the connected LEDs to emit different wavelengths independently. Optimal irradiation time, dose, and RB-M concentration were determined using an agent-based digital simulation method. In vitro and in vivo validation experiments in an orthotopic rat liver hepatocellular carcinoma disease model confirmed that the nanocarrier rupture and sequential low dose light irradiation strategy resulted in successful PDT at reduced photosensitizer and irradiation dose, which is a clinically significant event that enhances treatment safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Liu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Bowen Sun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Wenkai Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117576, Singapore
| | - Han-Joon Kim
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
- Department of Medical IT Convergence Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi, 39253, Republic of Korea
| | - Shu Uin Gan
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
| | - John S Ho
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
- The N.1 Institute for Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117456, Singapore
- Institute for Health Innovation and Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119276, Singapore
| | - Juwita Norasmara Bte Rahmat
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117585, Singapore.
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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14
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Meng Y, Zhang M, Li X, Wang X, Dong Q, Zhang H, Zhai Y, Song Q, He F, Tian C, Sun A. Myeloid cell-expressed MNDA enhances M2 polarization to facilitate the metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Int J Biol Sci 2024; 20:2814-2832. [PMID: 38904028 PMCID: PMC11186364 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.91877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Stable infiltration of myeloid cells, especially tumor-associated M2 macrophages, acts as one of the essential features of the tumor immune microenvironment by promoting the malignant progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the factors affecting the infiltration of M2 macrophages are not fully understood. In this study, we found the molecular subtypes of HCC with the worst prognosis are characterized by immune disorders dominated by myeloid cell infiltration. Myeloid cell nuclear differentiation antigen (MNDA) was significantly elevated in the most aggressive subtype and exhibited a positively correlation with M2 infiltration and HCC metastasis. Moreover, MNDA functioned as an independent prognostic predictor and has a good synergistic effect with some existing prognostic clinical indicators. We further confirmed that MNDA was primarily expressed in tumor M2 macrophages and contributed to the enhancement of its polarization by upregulating the expression of the M2 polarization enhancers. Furthermore, MNDA could drive the secretion of M2 macrophage-derived pro-metastasis proteins to accelerate HCC cells metastasis both in vivo and in vitro. In summary, MNDA exerts a protumor role by promoting M2 macrophages polarization and HCC metastasis, and can serve as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanru Meng
- Department of Immunology, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
| | - Mengxin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Xinli Li
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Xinxin Wang
- Department of Pathology, Beijing You'an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Qian Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Hu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yuanjun Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Qin Song
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, Hebei, China
| | - Fuchu He
- Department of Immunology, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
- Research Unit of Proteomics Dirven Cancer Precision Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chunyan Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
- Research Unit of Proteomics Dirven Cancer Precision Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, Hebei, China
| | - Aihua Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
- Research Unit of Proteomics Dirven Cancer Precision Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, Hebei, China
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15
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Tang J, Wang X, Lin X, Wu C. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles: a regulator and carrier for targeting bone-related diseases. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:212. [PMID: 38697996 PMCID: PMC11066013 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-01973-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The escalating threat of bone-related diseases poses a significant challenge to human health. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs), as inherent cell-secreted natural products, have emerged as promising treatments for bone-related diseases. Leveraging outstanding features such as high biocompatibility, low immunogenicity, superior biological barrier penetration, and extended circulating half-life, MSC-EVs serve as potent carriers for microRNAs (miRNAs), long no-code RNAs (lncRNAs), and other biomolecules. These cargo molecules play pivotal roles in orchestrating bone metabolism and vascularity through diverse mechanisms, thereby contributing to the amelioration of bone diseases. Additionally, engineering modifications enhance the bone-targeting ability of MSC-EVs, mitigating systemic side effects and bolstering their clinical translational potential. This review comprehensively explores the mechanisms through which MSC-EVs regulate bone-related disease progression. It delves into the therapeutic potential of MSC-EVs as adept drug carriers, augmented by engineered modification strategies tailored for osteoarthritis (OA), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), osteoporosis, and osteosarcoma. In conclusion, the exceptional promise exhibited by MSC-EVs positions them as an excellent solution with considerable translational applications in clinical orthopedics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiandong Tang
- Orthopaedics Center, Zigong Fourth People's Hospital, Tan mu lin Street 19#, Zigong, 643099, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xiangyu Wang
- Orthopaedics Center, Zigong Fourth People's Hospital, Tan mu lin Street 19#, Zigong, 643099, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xu Lin
- Orthopaedics Center, Zigong Fourth People's Hospital, Tan mu lin Street 19#, Zigong, 643099, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Chao Wu
- Orthopaedics Center, Zigong Fourth People's Hospital, Tan mu lin Street 19#, Zigong, 643099, Sichuan Province, China.
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16
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Li Y, Ren X, Gao W, Cai R, Wu J, Liu T, Chen X, Jiang D, Chen C, Cheng Q, Wu A, Cheng W. The biological behavior and clinical outcome of pituitary adenoma are affected by the microenvironment. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14729. [PMID: 38738958 PMCID: PMC11090080 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pituitary adenoma is one of the most common brain tumors. Most pituitary adenomas are benign and can be cured by surgery and/or medication. However, some pituitary adenomas show aggressive growth with a fast growth rate and are resistant to conventional treatments such as surgery, drug therapy, and radiation therapy. These tumors, referred to as refractory pituitary adenomas, often relapse or regrow in the early postoperative period. The tumor microenvironment (TME) has recently been identified as an important factor affecting the biological manifestations of tumors and acts as the main battlefield between the tumor and the host immune system. MAIN BODY In this review, we focus on describing TME in pituitary adenomas and refractory pituitary adenomas. Research on the immune microenvironment of pituitary adenomas is currently focused on immune cells such as macrophages and lymphocytes, and extensive research and experimental verifications are still required regarding other components of the TME. In particular, studies are needed to determine the role of the TME in the specific biological behaviors of refractory pituitary adenomas, such as high invasion, fast recurrence rate, and high tolerance to traditional treatments and to identify the mechanisms involved. CONCLUSION Overall, we summarize the similarities and differences between the TME of pituitary adenomas and refractory pituitary adenomas as well as the changes in the biological behavior of pituitary adenomas that may be caused by the microenvironment. These changes greatly affect the outcome of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhe Li
- Department of NeurosurgeryShengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoningChina
| | - Xiufang Ren
- Department of PathologyShengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoningChina
| | - Wei Gao
- Department of NeurosurgeryShengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoningChina
| | - Ruikai Cai
- Department of NeurosurgeryShengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoningChina
| | - Jianqi Wu
- Department of NeurosurgeryShengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoningChina
| | - Tianqi Liu
- Department of NeurosurgeryShengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoningChina
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of NeurosurgeryShengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoningChina
| | - Daoming Jiang
- Shenyang ShenDa Endoscopy Co., Ltd.ShenyangLiaoningChina
| | - Chong Chen
- Shenyang ShenDa Endoscopy Co., Ltd.ShenyangLiaoningChina
| | - Quan Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Anhua Wu
- Department of NeurosurgeryShengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoningChina
| | - Wen Cheng
- Department of NeurosurgeryShengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoningChina
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17
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Zertuche-Martínez C, Velázquez-Enríquez JM, González-García K, Baltiérrez-Hoyos R, Carrasco-Torres G, García-Román R, Romero-Díaz RI, Pérez-Hernández JL, Muriel P, Villa-Treviño S, Arellanes-Robledo J, Vásquez-Garzón VR. Identification of ABCC3 and its isoforms as potential biomarker in hepatocellular carcinoma. Toxicol Mech Methods 2024; 34:398-407. [PMID: 38083799 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2023.2294475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Liver diseases preceding the occurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) play a crucial role in the progression and establishment of HCC, a malignancy ranked as the third deadliest cancer worldwide. Late diagnosis, alongside ineffective treatment, leads patients to a poor survival rate. This scenario argues for seeking novel alternatives for detecting liver alterations preceding the early occurrence of HCC. Experimental studies have reported that ABCC3 protein increases within HCC tumors but not in adjacent tissue. Therefore, we analyzed ABCC3 expression in public databases and investigated the presence of ABCC3 and its isoforms in plasma, urine and its release in extracellular vesicles (EVs) cargo from patients bearing cirrhosis and HCC. The UALCAN and GEPIA databases were used to analyze the expression of ABCC3 in HCC. The results were validated in a case-control study including 41 individuals bearing cirrhosis and HCC, and the levels of ABCC3 in plasma and urine samples, as well as EVs, were analyzed by ELISA and western blot. Our data showed that ABCC3 expression was higher in HCC tissues than in normal tissues and correlated with HCC grade and stage. ABCC3 protein levels were highly increased in both plasma and urine and correlated with liver disease progression and severity. The isoforms MRP3A and MRP3B of ABCC3 were significantly increased in both EVs and plasma/urine of patients bearing HCC. ABCC3 expression gradually increases in HCC tissues, and its protein levels are increased in both plasma and urine of patients with cirrhosis and HCC. MRP3A and MRP3B isoforms have the potential to be prognostic biomarkers of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Zertuche-Martínez
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Laboratory of Fibrosis and Cancer, 'Benito Juarez' Autonomous University of Oaxaca-UABJO, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | - Juan Manuel Velázquez-Enríquez
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Laboratory of Fibrosis and Cancer, 'Benito Juarez' Autonomous University of Oaxaca-UABJO, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | - Karina González-García
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Laboratory of Fibrosis and Cancer, 'Benito Juarez' Autonomous University of Oaxaca-UABJO, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | - Rafael Baltiérrez-Hoyos
- CONACYT-Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Autonomous University "Benito Juarez" of Oaxaca-UABJO, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | - Gabriela Carrasco-Torres
- Centre for Research in Applied Science and Advanced Technology, Morelos Unit, National Polytechnic Institute, Atlacholoaya, Mexico
| | | | | | | | - Pablo Muriel
- Department of Pharmacology, Laboratory of Experimental Hepatology, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute - CINVESTAV-IPN, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Saúl Villa-Treviño
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute - CINVESTAV-IPN, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jaime Arellanes-Robledo
- CONACYT-Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute of Genomic Medicine - INMEGEN, Mexico City, Mexico
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18
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Ru Q, Chen L, Xu G, Wu Y. Exosomes in the pathogenesis and treatment of cancer-related cachexia. J Transl Med 2024; 22:408. [PMID: 38689293 PMCID: PMC11062016 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05201-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer-related cachexia is a metabolic syndrome characterized by weight loss, adipose tissue decomposition, and progressive skeletal muscle atrophy. It is a major complication of many advanced cancers and seriously affects the quality of life and survival of cancer patients. However, the specific molecules that mediate cancer-related cachexia remain elusive, and the fundamental cellular and molecular mechanisms associated with muscle atrophy and lipidolysis in cancer patients still need to be investigated. Exosomes, a newly discovered class of small extracellular vesicles that facilitate intercellular communication, have a significant role in the onset and development of various cancers. Studies have shown that exosomes play a role in the onset and progression of cancer-related cachexia by transporting active molecules such as nucleic acids and proteins. This review aimed to provide an overview of exosome developments in cancer-induced skeletal muscle atrophy and adipose tissue degradation. More importantly, exosomes were shown to have potential as diagnostic markers or therapeutic strategies for cachexia and were prospected, providing novel strategies for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer-related cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Ru
- Institute of Intelligent Sport and Proactive Health,Department of Health and Physical Education, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Institute of Intelligent Sport and Proactive Health,Department of Health and Physical Education, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
| | - Guodong Xu
- Institute of Intelligent Sport and Proactive Health,Department of Health and Physical Education, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
| | - Yuxiang Wu
- Institute of Intelligent Sport and Proactive Health,Department of Health and Physical Education, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China.
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19
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Jia Y, Chen X, Guo H, Zhang B, Liu B. Comprehensive characterization of β-alanine metabolism-related genes in HCC identified a novel prognostic signature related to clinical outcomes. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:7073-7100. [PMID: 38637116 PMCID: PMC11087131 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) stands out as the most prevalent type of liver cancer and a significant contributor to cancer-related fatalities globally. Metabolic reprogramming, particularly in glucose, lipid, and amino acid metabolism, plays a crucial role in HCC progression. However, the functions of β-alanine metabolism-related genes (βAMRGs) in HCC remain understudied. Therefore, a comprehensive evaluation of βAMRGs is required, specifically in HCC. Initially, we explored the pan-cancer landscape of βAMRGs, integrating expression profiles, prognostic values, mutations, and methylation levels. Subsequently, scRNA sequencing results indicated that hepatocytes had the highest scores of β-alanine metabolism. In the process of hepatocyte carcinogenesis, metabolic pathways were further activated. Using βAMRGs scores and expression profiles, we classified HCC patients into three subtypes and examined their prognosis and immune microenvironments. Cluster 3, characterized by the highest βAMRGs scores, displayed the best prognosis, reinforcing β-alanine's significant contribution to HCC pathophysiology. Notably, immune microenvironment, metabolism, and cell death modes significantly varied among the β-alanine subtypes. We developed and validated a novel prognostic panel based on βAMRGs and constructed a nomogram incorporating risk degree and clinicopathological characteristics. Among the model genes, EHHADH has been identified as a protective protein in HCC. Its expression was notably downregulated in tumors and exhibited a close correlation with factors such as tumor staging, grading, and prognosis. Immunohistochemical experiments, conducted using HCC tissue microarrays, substantiated the validation of its expression levels. In conclusion, this study uncovers β-alanine's significant role in HCC for the first time, suggesting new research targets and directions for diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Jia
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Xu Chen
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Hui Guo
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Biao Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
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20
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Wang L, Shen K, Gao Z, Ren M, Wei C, Yang Y, Li Y, Zhu Y, Zhang S, Ding Y, Zhang T, Li J, Zhu M, Zheng S, Yang Y, Du S, Wei C, Gu J. Melanoma Derived Exosomes Amplify Radiotherapy Induced Abscopal Effect via IRF7/I-IFN Axis in Macrophages. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2304991. [PMID: 38286661 PMCID: PMC10987102 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202304991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Radiotherapy (RT) can induce tumor regression outside the irradiation field, known as the abscopal effect. However, the detailed underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. A tumor-bearing mouse model is successfully constructed by inducing both subcutaneous tumors and lung metastases. Single-cell RNA sequencing, immunofluorescence, and flow cytometry are performed to explore the regulation of tumor microenvironment (TME) by RT. A series of in vitro assays, including luciferase reporter, RNA Pulldown, and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) assays, are performed to evaluate the detailed mechanism of the abscopal effect. In addition, in vivo assays are performed to investigate combination therapy strategies for enhancing the abscopal effect. The results showed that RT significantly inhibited localized tumor and lung metastasis progression and improved the TME. Mechanistically, RT promoted the release of tumor-derived exosomes carrying circPIK3R3, which is taken up by macrophages. circPIK3R3 promoted Type I interferon (I-IFN) secretion and M1 polarization via the miR-872-3p/IRF7 axis. Secreted I-IFN activated the JAK/STAT signaling pathway in CD8+ T cells, and promoted IFN-γ and GZMB secretion. Together, the study shows that tumor-derived exosomes promote I-IFN secretion via the circPIK3R3/miR-872-3p/IRF7 axis in macrophages and enhance the anti-tumor immune response of CD8+ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- Department of Plastic SurgeryZhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai200032P. R. China
| | - Kangjie Shen
- Department of Plastic SurgeryZhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai200032P. R. China
| | - Zixu Gao
- Department of Plastic SurgeryZhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai200032P. R. China
| | - Ming Ren
- Department of Plastic SurgeryZhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai200032P. R. China
| | - Chenlu Wei
- Department of Plastic SurgeryZhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai200032P. R. China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Plastic SurgeryZhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai200032P. R. China
| | - Yinlam Li
- Department of Plastic SurgeryZhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai200032P. R. China
| | - Yu Zhu
- Department of Plastic SurgeryZhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai200032P. R. China
| | - Simin Zhang
- Department of Plastic SurgeryShanghai Geriatric Medical CenterShanghai201104P. R. China
| | - Yiteng Ding
- Department of Plastic SurgeryZhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai200032P. R. China
| | - Tianyi Zhang
- Department of Plastic SurgeryZhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai200032P. R. China
| | - Jianrui Li
- Department of Plastic SurgeryZhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai200032P. R. China
| | - Ming Zhu
- Department of Plastic SurgeryZhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai200032P. R. China
| | - Shaoluan Zheng
- Department of Plastic SurgeryZhongshan Hospital Xiamen BranchFudan UniversityXiamen361015P. R. China
| | - Yanwen Yang
- Department of Plastic SurgeryZhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai200032P. R. China
| | - Shisuo Du
- Department of RadiotherapyZhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai200032P. R. China
| | - Chuanyuan Wei
- Department of Plastic SurgeryZhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai200032P. R. China
| | - Jianying Gu
- Department of Plastic SurgeryZhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai200032P. R. China
- Department of Plastic SurgeryZhongshan Hospital Xiamen BranchFudan UniversityXiamen361015P. R. China
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21
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Zhu L, Lou Y, Xiao Q, Wang L, Chen G, Yang W, Wang T. Establishment and Evaluation of Exosomes-Related Gene Risk Model in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Biochem Genet 2024; 62:698-717. [PMID: 37405532 PMCID: PMC11031460 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-023-10441-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a challenging disease to evaluate in terms of prognosis, requiring close attention to the prognosis of HCC patients. Exosomes have been shown to play an important role in HCC development and have significant potential in managing HCC patient prognosis, as they are detectable in patients' blood. By using small extracellular vesicular RNA, liquid biopsies can reflect the underlying physiological and pathological status of the originating cells, providing a valuable assessment of human health. No study has explored the diagnostic value of mRNA expression changes in exosomes for liver cancer. The present study investigated establishing a risk prognosis model based on mRNA expression levels in exosomes from blood samples of liver cancer patients and evaluated its diagnostic and prognostic value, providing new targets for liver cancer detection. We obtained mRNA data from HCC patients and normal controls from the TCGA and exoRBase 2.0 databases and established a risk prognostic assessment model using exosomes-related risk genes selected through prognostic analysis and Lasso Cox analysis. The patients were divided into high-risk and low-risk groups based on median risk score values to validate the independence and evaluability of the risk score. The clinical value of the model was further analyzed using a nomograph model, and the efficacy of immunotherapy and cell-origin types of prognostic risk genes were further assessed in the high- and low-risk groups by immune checkpoint and single-cell sequencing. A total of 44 genes were found to be significantly associated with the prognosis of HCC patients. From this group, we selected six genes (CLEC3B, CYP2C9, GNA14, NQO1, NT5DC2, and S100A9) as exosomal risk genes and used them as a basis for the risk prognosis model. The clinical information of HCC patients from the TCGA and ICGC databases demonstrated that the risk prognostic score of the model established in this study was an independent prognostic factor with good robustness. When pathological stage and risk prognostic score were incorporated into the model to predict clinical outcomes, the nomograph model had the best clinical benefit. Furthermore, immune checkpoint assays and single-cell sequencing analysis suggested that exosomal risk genes were derived from different cell types and that immunotherapy in the high-risk groups could be beneficial. Our study demonstrated that the prognostic scoring model based on exosomal mRNA was highly effective. The six genes selected using the scoring model have been previously reported to be associated with the occurrence and development of liver cancer. However, this study is the first to confirm that these related genes existed in the blood exosomes, which could be used for liquid biopsy of patients with liver cancer, thereby avoiding the need for puncture diagnosis. This approach has a high value in clinical application. Through single-cell sequencing, we found that the six genes in the risk model originate from multiple cell types. This finding suggests that the exosomal characteristic molecules secreted by different types of cells in the microenvironment of liver cancer may serve as diagnostic markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance, The School of Basic Medicine, The General Hospital, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Yan Lou
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Spine Tumor Center, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiyu Xiao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hunan Cancer Hospital/The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai, China
| | - Guodong Chen
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjun Yang
- Department of Emergency, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Tengjiao Wang
- Department of Precision Medicine, Translational Medicine Research Center, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China.
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22
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Liu Q, Wang J, Sun H, Zhang Z, Wang H, Ma S, Zhang C, Wang Q, Cai G, Zheng J, Nie Y, Liu P, Wang J. Targeting RORγ inhibits the growth and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Mol Ther 2024; 32:749-765. [PMID: 38310356 PMCID: PMC10928303 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2024.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Approximately 80%-90% of hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) occur in a premalignant environment of fibrosis and abnormal extracellular matrix (ECM), highlighting an essential role of ECM in the tumorigenesis and progress of HCC. However, the determinants of ECM in HCC are poorly defined. Here, we show that nuclear receptor RORγ is highly expressed and amplified in HCC tumors. RORγ functions as an essential activator of the matrisome program via directly driving the expression of major ECM genes in HCC cells. Elevated RORγ increases fibronectin-1 deposition, cell-matrix adhesion, and collagen production, creating a favorable microenvironment to boost liver cancer metastasis. Moreover, RORγ antagonists effectively inhibit tumor growth and metastasis in multiple HCC xenografts and immune-intact models, and they effectively sensitize HCC tumors to sorafenib therapy in mice. Notably, elevated RORγ expression is associated with ECM remodeling and metastasis in patients with HCC. Taken together, we identify RORγ as a key player of ECM remodeling in HCC and as an attractive therapeutic target for advanced HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Junhua Wang
- Clinical Research Institute, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Huizi Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Zhenhua Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Hong Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Shuai Ma
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
| | - Chenxi Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Qianqian Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Guodi Cai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Jianwei Zheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Yichu Nie
- Clinical Research Institute, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan 528000, China.
| | - Peiqing Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China; National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China.
| | - Junjian Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China; National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China.
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23
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Abbasi-Malati Z, Azizi SG, Milani SZ, Serej ZA, Mardi N, Amiri Z, Sanaat Z, Rahbarghazi R. Tumorigenic and tumoricidal properties of exosomes in cancers; a forward look. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:130. [PMID: 38360641 PMCID: PMC10870553 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01510-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, emerging data have highlighted the critical role of extracellular vesicles (EVs), especially (exosomes) Exos, in the progression and development of several cancer types. These nano-sized vesicles are released by different cell lineages within the cancer niche and maintain a suitable platform for the interchange of various signaling molecules in a paracrine manner. Based on several studies, Exos can transfer oncogenic factors to other cells, and alter the activity of immune cells, and tumor microenvironment, leading to the expansion of tumor cells and metastasis to the remote sites. It has been indicated that the cell-to-cell crosstalk is so complicated and a wide array of factors are involved in this process. How and by which mechanisms Exos can regulate the behavior of tumor cells and non-cancer cells is at the center of debate. Here, we scrutinize the molecular mechanisms involved in the oncogenic behavior of Exos released by different cell lineages of tumor parenchyma. Besides, tumoricidal properties of Exos from various stem cell (SC) types are discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Abbasi-Malati
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Seyed Ghader Azizi
- Clinical Immunology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Soheil Zamen Milani
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zeinab Aliyari Serej
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Narges Mardi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zahra Amiri
- Department of Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zohreh Sanaat
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Rahbarghazi
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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24
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Tu A, Zhu X, Dastjerdi PZ, Yin Y, Peng M, Zheng D, Peng Z, Wang E, Wang X, Jing W. Evaluate the clinical efficacy of traditional Chinese Medicine as the neoadjuvant treatment in reducing the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with hepatitis B-related cirrhosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24437. [PMID: 38322894 PMCID: PMC10843996 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), has been used for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) at every therapeutic stage, even before tumor formation. However, the efficacy of TCM in reducing the incidence of HCC in patients with chronic hepatitis B-related cirrhosis remains unclear. This study aims to address this gap. Methods Publications were collected from PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CNKI, Sino Med, VIP, and Wan Fang Databases. Relative risk (RR) was calculated with a 95 % confidence interval (CI). Heterogeneity was assessed. The Cochrane Collaboration's tool was used to assess the risk of bias. Results 10 studies with 2702 patients showed that the combination therapy significantly reduced the incidence of HCC in patients with post-hepatitis B cirrhosis at 1, 3, and 5 years. However, the preventive effects of TCM were in compensated cirrhosis, but not the decompensated cirrhosis. Furthermore, TCM correlated with improved liver function and enhanced virological response. Conclusion Combination therapy with TCM demonstrated the certain potential in reducing the incidence of HCC in patients with hepatitis B cirrhosis. This is attrinuted to the improvement of liver function and enhancement of the viral response. However, the efficacy of TCM in the field still needs more high-quality RCTs to provide stronger evidence in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- An Tu
- Hepatobiliary Department, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Liver Diseases, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xiaoning Zhu
- Hepatobiliary Department, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Department of Biomedical Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Liver Diseases, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | | | - Yue Yin
- Hepatobiliary Department, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Liver Diseases, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Mengyun Peng
- Hepatobiliary Department, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Liver Diseases, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Ding Zheng
- Hepatobiliary Department, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Liver Diseases, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Zhaoxuan Peng
- Hepatobiliary Department, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Liver Diseases, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Encheng Wang
- Hepatobiliary Department, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Liver Diseases, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- Hepatobiliary Department, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Liver Diseases, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Wang Jing
- Hepatobiliary Department, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Liver Diseases, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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25
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Liu Y, Wu H, Sang Y, Chong W, Shang L, Li L. Research progress of exosomes in the angiogenesis of digestive system tumour. Discov Oncol 2024; 15:33. [PMID: 38341827 PMCID: PMC10859358 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-024-00879-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Malignant tumours of the digestive system cover a wide range of diseases that affect the health of people to a large extent. Angiogenesis is indispensable in the development, and metastasis of tumours, mainly in two ways: occupation or formation. Vessels can provide nutrients, oxygen, and growth factors for tumours to encourage growth and metastasis, so cancer progression depends on simultaneous angiogenesis. Recently, exosomes have been proven to participate in the angiogenesis of tumours. They influence angiogenesis by binding to tyrosine kinase receptors (VEGFR)-1, VEGFR-2, and VEGFR-3 with different affinities, regulating Yap-VEGF pathway, Akt pathway or other signaling pathway. Additionally, exosomes are potential therapeutic vectors that can deliver many types of cargoes to different cells. In this review, we summarize the roles of exosomes in the angiogenesis of digestive system tumours and highlight the clinical application prospects, directly used as targers or delivery vehicles, in antiangiogenic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Liu
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Key Laboratory of Engineering of Shandong Province, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan, 250021, China
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yaodong Sang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Key Laboratory of Engineering of Shandong Province, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan, 250021, China
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, China
| | - Wei Chong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Key Laboratory of Engineering of Shandong Province, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan, 250021, China.
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, China.
| | - Liang Shang
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China.
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Key Laboratory of Engineering of Shandong Province, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan, 250021, China.
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, China.
| | - Leping Li
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China.
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Key Laboratory of Engineering of Shandong Province, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan, 250021, China.
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, China.
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26
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Raju S, Botts SR, Blaser MC, Abdul-Samad M, Prajapati K, Khosraviani N, Ho TWW, Breda LC, Ching C, Galant NJ, Fiddes L, Wu R, Clift CL, Pham T, Lee WL, Singh SA, Aikawa E, Fish JE, Howe KL. Directional Endothelial Communication by Polarized Extracellular Vesicle Release. Circ Res 2024; 134:269-289. [PMID: 38174557 PMCID: PMC10826926 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.123.322993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extracellular vesicles (EVs) contain bioactive cargo including miRNAs and proteins that are released by cells during cell-cell communication. Endothelial cells (ECs) form the innermost lining of all blood vessels, interfacing with cells in the circulation and vascular wall. It is unknown whether ECs release EVs capable of governing recipient cells within these 2 separate compartments. Given their boundary location, we propose ECs use bidirectional release of distinct EV cargo in quiescent (healthy) and activated (atheroprone) states to communicate with cells within the circulation and blood vessel wall. METHODS EVs were isolated from primary human aortic ECs (plate and transwell grown; ±IL [interleukin]-1β activation), quantified, visualized, and analyzed by miRNA transcriptomics and proteomics. Apical and basolateral EC-EV release was determined by miRNA transfer, total internal reflection fluorescence and electron microscopy. Vascular reprogramming (RNA sequencing) and functional assays were performed on primary human monocytes or smooth muscle cells±EC-EVs. RESULTS Activated ECs increased EV release, with miRNA and protein cargo related to atherosclerosis. EV-treated monocytes and smooth muscle cells revealed activated EC-EV altered pathways that were proinflammatory and atherogenic. ECs released more EVs apically, which increased with activation. Apical and basolateral EV cargo contained distinct transcriptomes and proteomes that were altered by EC activation. Notably, activated basolateral EC-EVs displayed greater changes in the EV secretome, with pathways specific to atherosclerosis. In silico analysis determined compartment-specific cargo released by the apical and basolateral surfaces of ECs can reprogram monocytes and smooth muscle cells, respectively, with functional assays and in vivo imaging supporting this concept. CONCLUSIONS Demonstrating that ECs are capable of polarized EV cargo loading and directional EV secretion reveals a novel paradigm for endothelial communication, which may ultimately enhance the design of endothelial-based therapeutics for cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis where ECs are persistently activated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Raju
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada (S.R., S.R.B., M.A.-S., K.P., N.K., L.C.D.B., C.C., R.W., J.E.F., K.L.H.)
- Institute of Medical Science (S.R., S.R.B., C.C., J.E.F., K.L.H.), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine (S.R., S.R.B., L.F., K.L.H.), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada (S.R., K.L.H.)
| | - Steven R. Botts
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada (S.R., S.R.B., M.A.-S., K.P., N.K., L.C.D.B., C.C., R.W., J.E.F., K.L.H.)
- Institute of Medical Science (S.R., S.R.B., C.C., J.E.F., K.L.H.), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine (S.R., S.R.B., L.F., K.L.H.), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mark C. Blaser
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences (M.C.B., C.L.C., T.P., S.A.S., E.A.), Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Majed Abdul-Samad
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada (S.R., S.R.B., M.A.-S., K.P., N.K., L.C.D.B., C.C., R.W., J.E.F., K.L.H.)
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology (M.A.-S., N.K., R.W., J.E.F.), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kamalben Prajapati
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada (S.R., S.R.B., M.A.-S., K.P., N.K., L.C.D.B., C.C., R.W., J.E.F., K.L.H.)
| | - Negar Khosraviani
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada (S.R., S.R.B., M.A.-S., K.P., N.K., L.C.D.B., C.C., R.W., J.E.F., K.L.H.)
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology (M.A.-S., N.K., R.W., J.E.F.), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tse Wing Winnie Ho
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada (T.W.W.H., W.L.L.)
| | - Leandro C.D. Breda
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada (S.R., S.R.B., M.A.-S., K.P., N.K., L.C.D.B., C.C., R.W., J.E.F., K.L.H.)
| | - Crizza Ching
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada (S.R., S.R.B., M.A.-S., K.P., N.K., L.C.D.B., C.C., R.W., J.E.F., K.L.H.)
- Institute of Medical Science (S.R., S.R.B., C.C., J.E.F., K.L.H.), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Lindsey Fiddes
- Faculty of Medicine (S.R., S.R.B., L.F., K.L.H.), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ruilin Wu
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada (S.R., S.R.B., M.A.-S., K.P., N.K., L.C.D.B., C.C., R.W., J.E.F., K.L.H.)
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology (M.A.-S., N.K., R.W., J.E.F.), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Cassandra L. Clift
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences (M.C.B., C.L.C., T.P., S.A.S., E.A.), Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Tan Pham
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences (M.C.B., C.L.C., T.P., S.A.S., E.A.), Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Warren L. Lee
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada (T.W.W.H., W.L.L.)
| | - Sasha A. Singh
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences (M.C.B., C.L.C., T.P., S.A.S., E.A.), Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine (S.A.S., E.A.), Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Elena Aikawa
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences (M.C.B., C.L.C., T.P., S.A.S., E.A.), Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine (S.A.S., E.A.), Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Jason E. Fish
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada (S.R., S.R.B., M.A.-S., K.P., N.K., L.C.D.B., C.C., R.W., J.E.F., K.L.H.)
- Institute of Medical Science (S.R., S.R.B., C.C., J.E.F., K.L.H.), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology (M.A.-S., N.K., R.W., J.E.F.), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada (J.E.F., K.L.H.)
| | - Kathryn L. Howe
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada (S.R., S.R.B., M.A.-S., K.P., N.K., L.C.D.B., C.C., R.W., J.E.F., K.L.H.)
- Institute of Medical Science (S.R., S.R.B., C.C., J.E.F., K.L.H.), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine (S.R., S.R.B., L.F., K.L.H.), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada (S.R., K.L.H.)
- Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada (J.E.F., K.L.H.)
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Moshrefiravasjani R, Kamrani A, Nazari N, Jafari F, Nasiri H, Jahanban-Esfahlan R, Akbari M. Exosome-mediated tumor metastasis: Biology, molecular targets and immuno-therapeutic options. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 254:155083. [PMID: 38277749 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.155083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Small extracellular vesicles called exosomes play a crucial part in promoting intercellular communication. They act as intermediaries for the exchange of bioactive chemicals between cells, released into the extracellular milieu by a variety of cell types. Within the context of cancer progression, metastasis is a complex process that plays a significant role in the spread of malignant cells from their main site of origin to distant anatomical locations. This complex process plays a key role in the domain of cancer-related deaths. In summary, the trajectory of current research in the field of exosome-mediated metastasis is characterized by its unrelenting quest for more profound understanding of the molecular nuances, the development of innovative diagnostic tools and therapeutic approaches, and the unwavering dedication to transforming these discoveries into revolutionary clinical applications. This unrelenting pursuit represents a shared desire to improve the prognosis for individuals suffering from metastatic cancer and to nudge the treatment paradigm in the direction of more effective and customized interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amin Kamrani
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nazanin Nazari
- Department of Immunology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Jafari
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hadi Nasiri
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Rana Jahanban-Esfahlan
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Morteza Akbari
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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28
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Xie C, Hao X, Yuan H, Wang C, Sharif R, Yu H. Crosstalk Between circRNA and Tumor Microenvironment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Mechanism, Function and Applications. Onco Targets Ther 2024; 17:7-26. [PMID: 38283733 PMCID: PMC10812140 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s437536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common aggressive tumors in the world. Despite the availability of various treatments, its prognosis remains poor due to the lack of specific diagnostic indicators and the high heterogeneity of HCC cases. CircRNAs are noncoding RNAs with stable and highly specific expression. Extensive research evidence suggests that circRNAs mediate the pathogenesis and progression of HCC through acting as miRNA sponges, protein modulators, and translation templates. Tumor microenvironment (TME) has become a hotspot of immune-related research in recent years due to its effects on metabolism, secretion and immunity of HCC. Accordingly, understanding the role played by circRNAs in TME is important for the study of HCC. This review will discuss the crosstalk between circRNAs and TME in HCC. In addition, we will discuss the current deficiencies and controversies in research on circRNAs and predict future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Xie
- Hepatobiliary Center, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaopei Hao
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450008, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hao Yuan
- Hepatobiliary Center, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chongyu Wang
- The First Clinical Medical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Razinah Sharif
- Center for Healthy Ageing & Wellness, Faculty of Health Sciences, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, 50300, Malaysia
- Biocompatibility Laboratory, Centre for Research and Instrumentation, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM, Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, 43600, Malaysia
| | - Haibo Yu
- Hepatobiliary Center, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
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29
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冯 唐, 杨 欣, 王 琦, 刘 肖. [Hepatocellular Carcinoma-Derived Exosomes: Key Players in Intercellular Communication Within the Tumor Microenvironment]. SICHUAN DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE BAN = JOURNAL OF SICHUAN UNIVERSITY. MEDICAL SCIENCE EDITION 2024; 55:6-12. [PMID: 38322525 PMCID: PMC10839483 DOI: 10.12182/20240160203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths in the world. Due to the insidious onset and rapid progression and a lack of effective treatments, the prognosis of patients with HCC is extremely poor, with the average 5-year survival rate being less than 10%. The tumor microenvironment (TME), the internal environment in which HCC develops, can regulate the oncogenesis, development, invasion, and metastasis of HCC. During the process of cancer progression, HCC cells can regulate the biological behaviors of tumor cells, cancer-associated fibroblasts, cancer-associated immune cells, and other cells in the TME by releasing exosomes containing specific signals, thereby promoting cancer progression. However, the exact molecular mechanisms and the roles of exosomes in the specific cellular regulation of these processes are not fully understood. Herein, we summarized the TME components of HCC, the sources and the biological traits of exosomes in the TME, and the impact of mechanical factors on exosomes. In addition, special attention was given to the discussion of the effects of HCC-exosomes on different types of cells in the microenvironment. There are still many difficulties to be overcome before exosomes can be applied as carriers in clinical cancer treatment. First of all, the homogeneity of exosomes is difficult to ensure. Secondly, exosomes are mainly administered through subcutaneous injection. Although this method is simple and easy to implement, the absorption efficiency is not ideal. Thirdly, exosome extraction methods are limited in number and inefficient, making it difficult to prepare exosomes in large quantities. It is important to ensure that exosomes are used in sufficient quantities to trigger an effective tumor immune response, especially for exosome-mediated tumor immunotherapy. With the improvement in identification, isolation, and purification technology, exosomes are expected to be successfully used in the clinical diagnosis of early-stage HCC and the clinical treatment of liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- 唐 冯
- 四川大学华西基础医学与法医学院 生物医学工程研究室 (成都 610041)Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - 欣蕊 杨
- 四川大学华西基础医学与法医学院 生物医学工程研究室 (成都 610041)Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - 琦为 王
- 四川大学华西基础医学与法医学院 生物医学工程研究室 (成都 610041)Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - 肖珩 刘
- 四川大学华西基础医学与法医学院 生物医学工程研究室 (成都 610041)Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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30
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Shu F, Shi Y, Shan X, Zha W, Fan R, Xue W. SIAH2-Mediated Degradation of ACSL4 Inhibits the Anti-Tumor Activity of CD8+ T Cells in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Crit Rev Eukaryot Gene Expr 2024; 34:1-13. [PMID: 38842200 DOI: 10.1615/critreveukaryotgeneexpr.2024051981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
SIAH2 function as an oncogene in various cancer. However, the roles of SIAH2 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are still unknown. This study aimed to investigate the roles of SIAH2 in HCC. Immunohistochemistry was used determine SIAH2 and ACSL4 expression in clinical samples. RT-qPCR was used to determine mRNA expression. Western blot assay was applied for determining protein expression. Ubiquitination assay was conducted for determining ubiquitination of ACSL4. Xenograft experiment was applied for determining tumor growth. Flow cytometry was applied to determine the functions of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. SIAH2 expression was overexpressed in HCC tumors. High levels of SIAH2 predicted poor outcomes. However, SIAH2 knockdown promoted the proliferation of CD8+ T cells as well as promoted the ferroptosis of tumor cells, inhibiting tumor growth in HCC. ACSL4 is required for CD8+ T cell-mediated ferroptosis of HCC cells. However, SIAH2 induced ubiquitination of ACSL4 and inhibited its expression. SIAH2 specific inhibitor menadione promoted the immune checkpoint blockade. Taken together, SIAH2-mediated inactivation of CD8+ T cells inhibits the ferroptosis of HCC via mediating ubiquitination of ACSL4. Therefore, targeting SIAH2 may be a promising strategy for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangzheng Shu
- Medical College of Nantong University, Nantong, 226007, Jiangsu, China; Department of General Surgery, Dafeng People's Hospital, Yancheng, 224100, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuhua Shi
- Department of General Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Yancheng Third People's Hospital, No. 75, Juchang Road, Yancheng, 224000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiangxiang Shan
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, The First People's Hospital of Yancheng, No. 166, Yulong West Road, Yancheng, 224000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenzhang Zha
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, The First People's Hospital of Yancheng, No. 166, Yulong West Road, Yancheng, 224000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rengen Fan
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, The First People's Hospital of Yancheng, No. 166, Yulong West Road, Yancheng, 224000, Jiangsu, China
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31
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Pourbagheri-Sigaroodi A, Fallah F, Bashash D, Karimi A. Unleashing the potential of gene signatures as prognostic and predictive tools: A step closer to personalized medicine in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Cell Biochem Funct 2024; 42:e3913. [PMID: 38269520 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the growing malignancies globally, affecting a myriad of people and causing numerous cancer-related deaths. Despite therapeutic improvements in treatment strategies over the past decades, HCC still remains one of the leading causes of person-years of life lost. Numerous studies have been conducted to assess the characteristics of HCC with the aim of predicting its prognosis and responsiveness to treatment. However, the identified biomarkers have shown limited sensitivity, and the translation of these findings into clinical practice has faced challenges. The development of sequencing techniques has facilitated the exploration of a wide range of genes, leading to the emergence of gene signatures. Although several studies assessed differentially expressed genes in normal and HCC tissues to find the unique gene signature with prognostic value, to date, no study has reviewed the task, and to the best of our knowledge, this review represents the first comprehensive analysis of relevant studies in HCC. Most gene signatures focused on immune-related genes, while others investigated genes related to metabolism, autophagy, and apoptosis. Even though no identical gene signatures were found, NDRG1, SPP1, BIRC5, and NR0B1 were the most extensively studied genes with prognostic value. Finally, despite challenges such as the lack of consistent patterns in gene signatures, we believe that comprehensive analysis of pertinent gene signatures will bring us a step closer to personalized medicine in HCC, where treatment strategies can be tailored to individual patients based on their unique molecular profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atieh Pourbagheri-Sigaroodi
- Pediatric Infections Research Center, Research Institute for Children's Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Fallah
- Pediatric Infections Research Center, Research Institute for Children's Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Davood Bashash
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdollah Karimi
- Pediatric Infections Research Center, Research Institute for Children's Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Tavakoli Pirzaman A, Alishah A, Babajani B, Ebrahimi P, Sheikhi SA, Moosaei F, Salarfar A, Doostmohamadian S, Kazemi S. The Role of microRNAs in Hepatocellular Cancer: A Narrative Review Focused on Tumor Microenvironment and Drug Resistance. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2024; 23:15330338241239188. [PMID: 38634139 PMCID: PMC11025440 DOI: 10.1177/15330338241239188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Globally, hepatic cancer ranks fourth in terms of cancer-related mortality and is the sixth most frequent kind of cancer. Around 80% of liver cancers are hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC), which are the leading cause of cancer death. It is well known that HCC may develop resistance to the available chemotherapy treatments very fast. One of the biggest obstacles in providing cancer patients with appropriate care is drug resistance. According to reports, more than 90% of cancer-specific fatalities are caused by treatment resistance. By binding to the 3'-untranslated region of target messenger RNAs (mRNAs), microRNAs (miRNAs), a group of noncoding RNAs which are around 17 to 25 nucleotides long, regulate target gene expression. Moreover, they play role in the control of signaling pathways, cell proliferation, and cell death. As a result, miRNAs play an important role in the microenvironment of HCC by changing immune phenotypes, hypoxic conditions, and acidification, as well as angiogenesis and extracellular matrix components. Moreover, changes in miRNA levels in HCC can effectively resist cancer cells to chemotherapy by affecting various cellular processes such as autophagy, apoptosis, and membrane transporter activity. In the current work, we narratively reviewed the role of miRNAs in HCC, with a special focus on tumor microenvironment and drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ali Alishah
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Bahareh Babajani
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Pouyan Ebrahimi
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Seyyed Ali Sheikhi
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Farhad Moosaei
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | | | | | - Sohrab Kazemi
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
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Alam MR, Rahman MM, Li Z. The link between intracellular calcium signaling and exosomal PD-L1 in cancer progression and immunotherapy. Genes Dis 2024; 11:321-334. [PMID: 37588227 PMCID: PMC10425812 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2023.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are small membrane vesicles containing microRNA, RNA, DNA fragments, and proteins that are transferred from donor cells to recipient cells. Tumor cells release exosomes to reprogram the factors associated with the tumor microenvironment (TME) causing tumor metastasis and immune escape. Emerging evidence revealed that cancer cell-derived exosomes carry immune inhibitory molecule program death ligand 1 (PD-L1) that binds with receptor program death protein 1 (PD-1) and promote tumor progression by escaping immune response. Currently, some FDA-approved monoclonal antibodies are clinically used for cancer treatment by blocking PD-1/PD-L1 interaction. Despite notable treatment outcomes, some patients show poor drug response. Exosomal PD-L1 plays a vital role in lowering the treatment response, showing resistance to PD-1/PD-L1 blockage therapy through recapitulating the effect of cell surface PD-L1. To enhance therapeutic response, inhibition of exosomal PD-L1 is required. Calcium signaling is the central regulator of tumorigenesis and can regulate exosome biogenesis and secretion by modulating Rab GTPase family and membrane fusion factors. Immune checkpoints are also connected with calcium signaling and calcium channel blockers like amlodipine, nifedipine, lercanidipine, diltiazem, and verapamil were also reported to suppress cellular PD-L1 expression. Therefore, to enhance the PD-1/PD-L1 blockage therapy response, the reduction of exosomal PD-L1 secretion from cancer cells is in our therapeutic consideration. In this review, we proposed a therapeutic strategy by targeting calcium signaling to inhibit the expression of PD-L1-containing exosome levels that could reduce the anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy resistance and increase the patient's drug response rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Rakibul Alam
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Md Mizanur Rahman
- Department of Medicine (Nephrology), Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6E2H7, Canada
| | - Zhiguo Li
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
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34
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Liu X, Liu G, Mao Y, Luo J, Cao Y, Tan W, Li W, Yu H, Jia X, Li H. Engineering extracellular vesicles mimetics for targeted chemotherapy of drug-resistant ovary cancer. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2024; 19:25-41. [PMID: 38059464 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2023-0289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: To develop nanocarriers for targeting the delivery of chemotherapeutics to overcome multidrug-resistant ovarian cancer. Materials & methods: Doxorubicin-loaded nanovesicles were obtained through serial extrusion, followed by loading of P-glycoprotein siRNA and folic acid. The targeting ability and anticancer efficacy of the nanovesicles were evaluated. Results: The doxorubicin-loaded nanovesicles showed a high production yield. The presence of P-glycoprotein siRNA and folic acid resulted in reversed drug resistance and tumor targeting. This nanoplatform tremendously inhibited the viability of multidrug-resistant ovarian cancer cells, which was able to target tumor tissue and suppress tumor growth without adverse effects. Conclusion: These bioengineered nanovesicles could serve as novel extracellular vesicles mimetics for chemotherapeutics delivery to overcome multidrug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoguang Liu
- Department of Gynecology, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity & Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, 210001, China
| | - Guangquan Liu
- Department of Gynecology, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity & Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, 210001, China
| | - Yinghua Mao
- Centre for Diseases Prevention & Control of Eastern Theater, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Jie Luo
- Department of Healthcare, General Hospital of Eastern Theater Command, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Yongping Cao
- Centre for Diseases Prevention & Control of Eastern Theater, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Weilong Tan
- Centre for Diseases Prevention & Control of Eastern Theater, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Wenhao Li
- Centre for Diseases Prevention & Control of Eastern Theater, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Huanhuan Yu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, General Hospital of Eastern Theater Command, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Xuemei Jia
- Department of Gynecology, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity & Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, 210001, China
| | - Hong Li
- Centre for Diseases Prevention & Control of Eastern Theater, Nanjing, 210002, China
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35
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Liu S, Jia M, Dai R. Deciphering the tumour immune microenvironment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Scand J Immunol 2023; 98:e13327. [PMID: 38441331 DOI: 10.1111/sji.13327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Current treatments for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are less effective and prone to recurrence after surgery, so it's needed to seek new ideas for its therapy. Tumour immune microenvironment (TME) is crucial for the pathogenesis, development and metastasis of HCC. Interactions between immune cells and tumour cells significantly impact responses to immunotherapies and patient prognosis. In recent years, immunotherapies for HCC have shown promising potential, but the response rate is still unsatisfactory. Understanding their cross-talks is helpful for selecting potential therapeutic targets, predicting immunotherapy responses, determining immunotherapy efficacy, identifying prognostic markers and selecting individualized treatment options. In this paper, we reviewed the research advances on the roles of immune cells and multi-omic research associated with HCC pathogenesis and therapy, and future perspectives on TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Department of Pain, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Man Jia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Rongyang Dai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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36
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Zhang J, Zhou Y, Feng J, Xu X, Wu J, Guo C. Deciphering roles of TRIMs as promising targets in hepatocellular carcinoma: current advances and future directions. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 167:115538. [PMID: 37729731 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Tripartite motif (TRIM) family is assigned to RING-finger-containing ligases harboring the largest number of proteins in E3 ubiquitin ligating enzymes. E3 ubiquitin ligases target the specific substrate for proteasomal degradation via the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), which seems to be a more effective and direct strategy for tumor therapy. Recent advances have demonstrated that TRIM genes associate with the occurrence and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). TRIMs trigger or inhibit multiple biological activities like proliferation, apoptosis, metastasis, ferroptosis and autophagy in HCC dependent on its highly conserved yet diverse structures. Remarkably, autophagy is another proteolytic pathway for intracellular protein degradation and TRIM proteins may help to delineate the interaction between the two proteolytic systems. In depth research on the precise molecular mechanisms of TRIM family will allow for targeting TRIM in HCC treatment. We also highlight several potential directions warranted further development associated with TRIM family to provide bright insight into its translational values in hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Putuo People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200060, China; Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Yuting Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Jiao Feng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Putuo People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200060, China; Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China.
| | - Xuanfu Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shidong Hospital, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Jianye Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Putuo People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200060, China.
| | - Chuanyong Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Putuo People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200060, China; Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China.
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Zheng S, Liao J, Sun M, Liu R, Lv J. Extracellular shuttling miR-21 contributes to esophageal cancers and human umbilical vein endothelial cell communication in the tumor microenvironment and promotes tumor angiogenesis by targeting phosphatase and tensinhomolog. Thorac Cancer 2023; 14:3119-3132. [PMID: 37726969 PMCID: PMC10626251 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.15103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cell-cell communication by carcinoma-derived exosomes can influence the tumor microenvironment (TME) and regulate cancer progression. Based on the overexpression of microRNA-21-5p (miR-21) in plasma from patients diagnosed with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and exosomes from ESCC cell lines identified earlier, this study aimed to explore the influence of exosomal miR-21 within the TME. METHOD ScRNA-Seq and Bulk RNA-Seq were integrated to elucidate the communication between cancer and endothelial cells. The functionality and mechanisms by which exo-miR-21 derived from carcinoma regulate endothelial cell-mediated angiogenesis were assessed using a cocultivation model of EC9706 cells and recipient human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), through blood vessel formation experiments, luciferase reporter assays, RT-qPCR, and western blot analysis. RESULT A total of 3842 endothelial cells were extracted from the scRNA-seq data of ESCC samples and reclustered into five cell subtype. Cell-cell communication analysis revealed cancer cells presented a strong interaction with angiogenesis-like endothelial cells in secreted signaling. MiR-21 was unregulated in ESCC and the carcinoma-derived exo-miR-21 was significantly raised in HUVECs. The exo-miR-21 promoted the proliferation and migration of HUVECs while also enhancing, closed mesh count, and junction number in HUVECs. Mechanistically, dual-luciferase reporter assay revealed that PTEN was the target of miR-21. Meanwhile, p-Akt was significantly increased and suppressed by inhibition of miR-21 and PI3K inhibitor LY294002. CONCLUSION Exo-miR-21-mediated communication between endothelial and cancer cells plays a pivotal role in promoting the angiogenesis of ESCC. Therefore, controlling exo-miR-21 could serve as a novel therapeutic strategy for ESCC by targeting angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanbo Zheng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and State Key Laboratory of Genetic EngineeringFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghaiPeople's Republic of China
- Institute of Thoracic OncologyFudan UniversityShanghaiPeople's Republic of China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiPeople's Republic of China
| | - Juan Liao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public HealthSoutheast UniversityNanjingPeople's Republic of China
- Department of Science and Education, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouPeople's Republic of China
| | - Mingjun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public HealthSoutheast UniversityNanjingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Ran Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public HealthSoutheast UniversityNanjingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Junjie Lv
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and State Key Laboratory of Genetic EngineeringFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghaiPeople's Republic of China
- Institute of Thoracic OncologyFudan UniversityShanghaiPeople's Republic of China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiPeople's Republic of China
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Wang HC, Yin WX, Jiang M, Han JY, Kuai XW, Sun R, Sun YF, Ji JL. Function and biomedical implications of exosomal microRNAs delivered by parenchymal and nonparenchymal cells in hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 2023; 29:5435-5451. [PMID: 37900996 PMCID: PMC10600808 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i39.5435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Small extracellular vesicles (exosomes) are important components of the tumor microenvironment. They are small membrane-bound vesicles derived from almost all cell types and play an important role in intercellular communication. Exosomes transmit biological molecules obtained from parent cells, such as proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, and are involved in cancer development. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), the most abundant contents in exosomes, are selectively packaged into exosomes to carry out their biological functions. Recent studies have revealed that exosome-delivered miRNAs play crucial roles in the tumorigenesis, progression, and drug resistance of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In addition, exosomes have great industrial prospects in the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of patients with HCC. This review summarized the composition and function of exosomal miRNAs of different cell origins in HCC and highlighted the association between exosomal miRNAs from stromal cells and immune cells in the tumor microenvironment and the progression of HCC. Finally, we described the potential applicability of exosomal miRNAs derived from mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Chen Wang
- Department of Pathology, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wen-Xuan Yin
- Department of Pathology, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Meng Jiang
- Department of Pathology, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Microenvironment and Translational Cancer Research, Science and Technology Bureau of Nantong City, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jia-Yi Han
- Department of Pathology, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Microenvironment and Translational Cancer Research, Science and Technology Bureau of Nantong City, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xing-Wang Kuai
- Department of Pathology, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Microenvironment and Translational Cancer Research, Science and Technology Bureau of Nantong City, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Rui Sun
- Department of Pathology, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Microenvironment and Translational Cancer Research, Science and Technology Bureau of Nantong City, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yu-Feng Sun
- Department of Pathology, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Microenvironment and Translational Cancer Research, Science and Technology Bureau of Nantong City, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ju-Ling Ji
- Department of Pathology, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Microenvironment and Translational Cancer Research, Science and Technology Bureau of Nantong City, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
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Chen X, Li Y, Li M, Xie Y, Wang K, Zhang L, Zou Z, Xiong L. Exosomal miRNAs assist in the crosstalk between tumor cells and immune cells and its potential therapeutics. Life Sci 2023; 329:121934. [PMID: 37460057 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles that carry active substances (including proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids) and are essential for homeostasis and signal transmission. Recent studies have focused on the function of exosomal miRNAs in tumor progression. Researchers have expanded the use of exosomes and miRNAs as potential therapeutic tools and biomarkers to detect tumor progression. Immune cells, as an important part of the tumor microenvironment (TME), secrete a majority of exosome-derived miRNAs involved in the biological processes of malignancies. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Currently, there is no literature that systematically summarizes the communication of exosome-derived miRNAs between tumor cells and immune cells. Based on the cell specificity of exosome-derived miRNAs, this review provides the first comprehensive summary of the significant miRNAs from the standpoint of exosome sources, which are tumor cells and immune cells. Furthermore, we elaborated on the potential clinical applications of these miRNAs, attempting to propose existing difficulties and future possibilities in tumor diagnostics and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China; Second Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Yuqiu Li
- Queen Mary College of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Miao Li
- Second Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Yujie Xie
- College of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Keqin Wang
- First Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Lifang Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Zhuoling Zou
- Queen Mary College of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Lixia Xiong
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China.
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Todorova VK, Byrum SD, Mackintosh SG, Jamshidi-Parsian A, Gies AJ, Washam CL, Jenkins SV, Spiva T, Bowman E, Reyna NS, Griffin RJ, Makhoul I. Exosomal MicroRNA and Protein Profiles of Hepatitis B Virus-Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13098. [PMID: 37685904 PMCID: PMC10487651 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a main risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Extracellular vesicles, such as exosomes, play an important role in tumor development and metastasis, including regulation of HBV-related HCC. In this study, we have characterized exosome microRNA and proteins released in vitro from hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related HCC cell lines SNU-423 and SNU-182 and immortalized normal hepatocyte cell lines (THLE2 and THLE3) using microRNA sequencing and mass spectrometry. Bioinformatics, including functional enrichment and network analysis, combined with survival analysis using data related to HCC in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, were applied to examine the prognostic significance of the results. More than 40 microRNAs and 200 proteins were significantly dysregulated (p < 0.05) in the exosomes released from HCC cells in comparison with the normal liver cells. The functional analysis of the differentially expressed exosomal miRNAs (i.e., mir-483, mir-133a, mir-34a, mir-155, mir-183, mir-182), their predicted targets, and exosomal differentially expressed proteins (i.e., POSTN, STAM, EXOC8, SNX9, COL1A2, IDH1, FN1) showed correlation with pathways associated with HBV, virus activity and invasion, exosome formation and adhesion, and exogenous protein binding. The results from this study may help in our understanding of the role of HBV infection in the development of HCC and in the development of new targets for treatment or non-invasive predictive biomarkers of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina K. Todorova
- Department of Internal Medicine/Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA;
| | - Stephanie D. Byrum
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (S.D.B.); (S.G.M.); (A.J.G.); (C.L.W.)
| | - Samuel G. Mackintosh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (S.D.B.); (S.G.M.); (A.J.G.); (C.L.W.)
| | - Azemat Jamshidi-Parsian
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (A.J.-P.); (S.V.J.); (R.J.G.)
| | - Allen J. Gies
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (S.D.B.); (S.G.M.); (A.J.G.); (C.L.W.)
| | - Charity L. Washam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (S.D.B.); (S.G.M.); (A.J.G.); (C.L.W.)
| | - Samir V. Jenkins
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (A.J.-P.); (S.V.J.); (R.J.G.)
| | - Timothy Spiva
- Biology Department, Ouachita Baptist University, Arkadelphia, AR 71998, USA; (T.S.); (E.B.); (N.S.R.)
| | - Emily Bowman
- Biology Department, Ouachita Baptist University, Arkadelphia, AR 71998, USA; (T.S.); (E.B.); (N.S.R.)
| | - Nathan S. Reyna
- Biology Department, Ouachita Baptist University, Arkadelphia, AR 71998, USA; (T.S.); (E.B.); (N.S.R.)
| | - Robert J. Griffin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (A.J.-P.); (S.V.J.); (R.J.G.)
| | - Issam Makhoul
- Department of Internal Medicine/Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA;
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Jiang C, Zhang J, Wang W, Shan Z, Sun F, Tan Y, Tong Y, Qiu Y. Extracellular vesicles in gastric cancer: role of exosomal lncRNA and microRNA as diagnostic and therapeutic targets. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1158839. [PMID: 37664422 PMCID: PMC10469264 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1158839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes, play a crucial role in intercellular communication and have emerged as important mediators in the development and progression of gastric cancer. This review discusses the current understanding of the role of EVs, particularly exosomal lncRNA and microRNA, in gastric cancer and their potential as diagnostic and therapeutic targets. Exosomes are small membrane-bound particles secreted by both cancer cells and stromal cells within the tumor microenvironment. They contain various ncRNA and biomolecules, which can be transferred to recipient cells to promote tumor growth and metastasis. In this review, we highlighted the importance of exosomal lncRNA and microRNA in gastric cancer. Exosomal lncRNAs have been shown to regulate gene expression by interacting with transcription factors or chromatin-modifying enzymes, which regulate gene expression by binding to target mRNAs. We also discuss the potential use of exosomal lncRNAs and microRNAs as diagnostic biomarkers for gastric cancer. Exosomes can be isolated from various bodily fluids, including blood, urine, and saliva. They contain specific molecules that reflect the molecular characteristics of the tumor, making them promising candidates for non-invasive diagnostic tests. Finally, the potential of targeting exosomal lncRNAs and microRNAs as a therapeutic strategy for gastric cancer were reviewed as wee. Inhibition of specific molecules within exosomes has been shown to suppress tumor growth and metastasis in preclinical models. In conclusion, this review article provides an overview of the current understanding of the role of exosomal lncRNA and microRNA in gastric cancer. We suggest that further research into these molecules could lead to new diagnostic tools and therapeutic strategies for this deadly disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyao Jiang
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wentao Wang
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zexing Shan
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Fan Sun
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuen Tan
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yilin Tong
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yue Qiu
- Medical Oncology Department of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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Papadakos SP, Machairas N, Stergiou IE, Arvanitakis K, Germanidis G, Frampton AE, Theocharis S. Unveiling the Yin-Yang Balance of M1 and M2 Macrophages in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Role of Exosomes in Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Modulation. Cells 2023; 12:2036. [PMID: 37626849 PMCID: PMC10453902 DOI: 10.3390/cells12162036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a primary liver cancer with a high mortality rate and limited treatment options. Recent research has brought attention to the significant importance of intercellular communication in the progression of HCC, wherein exosomes have been identified as critical agents facilitating cell-to-cell signaling. In this article, we investigate the impact of macrophages as both sources and targets of exosomes in HCC, shedding light on the intricate interplay between exosome-mediated communication and macrophage involvement in HCC pathogenesis. It investigates how exosomes derived from HCC cells and other cell types within the tumor microenvironment (TME) can influence macrophage behavior, polarization, and recruitment. Furthermore, the section explores the reciprocal interactions between macrophage-derived exosomes and HCC cells, stromal cells, and other immune cells, elucidating their role in tumor growth, angiogenesis, metastasis, and immune evasion. The findings presented here contribute to a better understanding of the role of macrophage-derived exosomes in HCC progression and offer new avenues for targeted interventions and improved patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stavros P. Papadakos
- First Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 10679 Athens, Greece;
| | - Nikolaos Machairas
- Second Department of Propaedeutic Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laikon General Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Ioanna E. Stergiou
- Pathophysiology Department, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Konstantinos Arvanitakis
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, First Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, St. Kiriakidi 1, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece; (K.A.); (G.G.)
- Basic and Translational Research Unit (BTRU), Special Unit for Biomedical Research and Education (BRESU), Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Georgios Germanidis
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, First Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, St. Kiriakidi 1, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece; (K.A.); (G.G.)
- Basic and Translational Research Unit (BTRU), Special Unit for Biomedical Research and Education (BRESU), Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Adam Enver Frampton
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London W12 0NN, UK
- Oncology Section, Surrey Cancer Research Institute, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, FHMS, University of Surrey, The Leggett Building, Daphne Jackson Road, Guildford GU2 7WG, UK
- HPB Surgical Unit, Royal Surrey NHS Foundation Trust, Guildford GU2 7XX, UK
| | - Stamatios Theocharis
- First Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 10679 Athens, Greece;
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Wang G, Li J, Zhu L, Zhou Z, Ma Z, Zhang H, Yang Y, Niu Q, Wang X. Identification of hepatocellular carcinoma-related subtypes and development of a prognostic model: a study based on ferritinophagy-related genes. Discov Oncol 2023; 14:147. [PMID: 37555866 PMCID: PMC10412519 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-023-00756-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma still has a high incidence and mortality rate worldwide, and further research is needed to investigate its occurrence and development mechanisms in depth in order to identify new therapeutic targets. Ferritinophagy is a type of autophagy and a key factor in ferroptosis that could influence tumor onset and progression. Although, the potential role of ferritinophagy-related genes (FRGs) in liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC) is unknown. METHODS Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data of LIHC were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) dataset. In addition, transcriptome and clinical follow-up outcome data of individuals with LIHC were extracted from the The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset. FRGs were collected through the GeneCards database. Differential cell subpopulations were distinguished, and differentially expressed FRGs (DEFRGs) were obtained. Differential expression of FRGs and prognosis were observed according to the TCGA database. An FRG-related risk model was constructed to predict patient prognosis by absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and COX regression analyses, and its prognosis predictive power was validated. Ultimately, the association between risk score and tumor microenvironment (TME), immune cell infiltration, immune checkpoints, drug sensitivity, and tumor mutation burden (TMB) was analyzed. We also used quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) to validate the expression of key genes in normal liver cells and liver cancer cells. RESULTS We ultimately identified 8 cell types, and 7 differentially expressed FRGs genes (ZFP36, NCOA4, FTH1, FTL, TNF, PCBP1, CYB561A3) were found among immune cells, and we found that Monocytes and Macrophages were closely related to FRGs genes. Subsequently, COX regression analysis showed that patients with high expression of FTH1, FTL, and PCBP1 had significantly worse prognosis than those with low expression, and our survival prediction model, constructed based on age, stage, and risk score, showed better prognostic prediction ability. Our risk model based on 3 FRGs genes ultimately revealed significant differences between high-risk and low-risk groups in terms of immune infiltration and immune checkpoint correlation, drug sensitivity, and somatic mutation risk. Finally, we validated the key prognostic genes FTH1, FTL, using qRT-PCR, and found that the expression of FTH1 and FTL was significantly higher in various liver cancer cells than in normal liver cells. At the same time, immunohistochemistry showed that the expression of FTH1, FTL in tumor tissues was significantly higher than that in para-tumor tissues. CONCLUSION This study identifies a considerable impact of FRGs on immunity and prognosis in individuals with LIHC. The collective findings of this research provide new ideas for personalized treatment of LIHC and a more targeted therapy approach for individuals with LIHC to improve their prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganggang Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, 201399, China
| | - Jian Li
- Endoscopy Center, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201199, China
| | - Lingkang Zhu
- Jing'an District Central Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Zhijie Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, 201399, China
| | - Zenghui Ma
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, 201399, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, 201399, China
| | - Yulong Yang
- Institute of Gallstone Disease, Center of Gallbladder Disease, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China.
| | - Qiang Niu
- Department of General Surgery, Shidong Hospital, Shidong Hospital Affiliated to University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200438, China.
| | - Xiaoliang Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, 201399, China.
- Department of General Surgery, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Wang L, Shan Y, Zheng S, Li J, Cui P. miR-4780 Derived from N2-Like Neutrophil Exosome Aggravates Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Angiogenesis in Colorectal Cancer. Stem Cells Int 2023; 2023:2759679. [PMID: 37576407 PMCID: PMC10421714 DOI: 10.1155/2023/2759679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite significant advances in diagnostic methods and treatment strategies, the prognosis for patients with advanced colon cancer remains poor, and mortality rates are often high due to metastasis. Increasing evidence showed that it is of significant importance to investigate how the tumor microenvironment participates in the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). In this manuscript, neutrophils were sequentially stimulated with all-trans retinoic acid and transforming growth factor-β in turn to induce the neutrophil polarization. Differentially expressed miRNA in neutrophil exosomes have been sequenced by microarray profile, and the effect of N2-like neutrophil-derived exosomal miR-4780 on epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and angiogenesis was investigated. In our results, we found that neutrophils were enriched in CRC tumor tissue and that CD11b expression correlated with tumor site and serous membrane invasion. At the same time, we demonstrated that internalization of N2 exosomes exacerbated the viability, migration, and invasion of CRC cell lines and inhibited apoptosis. To further investigate the molecular mechanism, we analyzed the miRNA expression profile in the N2-like neutrophils, which led to the selection of hsa-miR-4780 for the subsequent experiment. The overexpression of miR-4780 from N2-like neutrophil-derived exosomes exacerbated EMT and angiogenesis. Moreover, miR-4780 can regulate its target gene SOX11 to effect EMT and angiogenesis in CRC cell lines. CRC with liver metastasis model also validated that aberrant expression of miR-4780 in N2-like neutrophil exosomes exacerbated tumor metastasis and development of tumor via EMT and angiogenesis. In conclusion, our current findings reveal an important mechanism by which mR-4780 from N2-like neutrophil exosomes exacerbates tumor metastasis and progression via EMT and angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Anal Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuqiang Shan
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Anal Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sixin Zheng
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Anal Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiangtao Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Anal Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peng Cui
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Changzhi People's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, China
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Xu Y, Luan G, Liu F, Zhang Y, Li Z, Liu Z, Yang T. Exosomal miR-200b-3p induce macrophage polarization by regulating transcriptional repressor ZEB1 in hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatol Int 2023; 17:889-903. [PMID: 36930410 DOI: 10.1007/s12072-023-10507-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Accumulating evidence has elucidated that the interaction between cancer cells and M2 macrophages plays an important role in the tumorigenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the mechanism connecting tumor-derived exosomes, M2 polarization of macrophages, and liver metastasis remain unclear. Therefore, it is necessary to explore their influence on the tumor microenvironment of HCC. METHODS Transmission electron microscopy, nanometer particle testing, and special biomarker analysis were utilized to characterize exosomes, while the differential expression of microRNAs was evaluated using high-throughput sequencing technology. The functions of miR-200b-3p exosomes were confirmed using in vitro and in vivo assays. The interactions between microRNAs and ZEB1 as well as cancer cells and macrophages were measured using RNA pull-down and luciferase gene reporter assays. RESULTS Using in silico analysis, we identified high levels of miR-200b-3p exosome expression in patients with HCC, particularly with relapsed HCC. We demonstrated that HCC cell-derived miR-200b-3p exosomes were internalized by M0 macrophages and induced M2 polarization by downregulating ZEB1 and upregulating interleukin-4. As a result, the JAK/STAT signaling pathway was activated in M2 macrophages, leading to increased PIM1 and VEGFα expression. These cell factors accelerated the proliferation and metastasis of HCC, resulting in a feedback loop between HCC cells and M2 macrophages. CONCLUSION The study illustrates that HCC cell-derived miR-200b-3p exosomes facilitate the proliferation and polarization of macrophages by modulating cytokine secretion and the JAK/STAT signaling pathway, leading to the metastasis of HCC. These findings demonstrate the existence of a novel feedback loop between cancer cells and immune cells in the tumor microenvironment, presenting a new concept in cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xu
- Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong Fist Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Science, No 440, Jiyan Road, Ji'nan, Shandong, China.
| | | | - Feng Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong, China
| | - Yuhua Zhang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong, China
| | - Zhongchao Li
- Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong Fist Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Science, No 440, Jiyan Road, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Ziming Liu
- Shandong Fist Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Shandong, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Shandong, China
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Hou TZ, Yang HM, Cheng YZ, Gu L, Zhang JN, Zhang H. The Parkinson's disease-associated protein α-synuclein inhibits hepatoma by exosome delivery. Mol Carcinog 2023; 62:1163-1175. [PMID: 37144864 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Numerous epidemiological studies suggest a link between Parkinson's disease (PD) and cancer. However, their relevant pathogenesis is not clear. In the present study, we investigated the potential role of exosome-delivered α-synuclein (α-syn) in the regulation between PD and liver cancer. We cultured hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells with exosomes derived from conditioned medium of the PD cellular model, and injected exosomes enriched with α-syn into the striatum of a liver cancer rat model. We found that α-syn-contained exosomes from the rotenone-induced cellular model of PD suppressed the growth, migration, and invasion of HCC cells. Integrin αVβ5 in exosomes from the rotenone-induced PD model was higher than that in the control, resulting in more α-syn-contained exosomes being taken up by HCC cells. Consistently, in vivo experiments with rat models also confirmed exosome-delivered α-syn inhibited liver cancer. These findings illustrate the important role of PD-associated protein α-syn inhibiting hepatoma by exosome delivery, suggesting a new mechanism underlying the link between these two diseases and therapeutics of liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Zhong Hou
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Min Yang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun-Zhong Cheng
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Gu
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Nan Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Li D, Zhou X, Xu W, Chen Y, Mu C, Zhao X, Yang T, Wang G, Wei L, Ma B. Prostate cancer cells synergistically defend against CD8 + T cells by secreting exosomal PD-L1. Cancer Med 2023; 12:16405-16415. [PMID: 37501397 PMCID: PMC10469662 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.6275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) remains fatal and incurable, despite a variety of treatments that can delay disease progression and prolong life. Immune checkpoint therapy is a promising treatment. However, emerging evidence suggests that exosomal programmed necrosis ligand 1 (PD-L1) directly binds to PD-1 on the surface of T cells in the drain lineage lymph nodes or neutralizes administered PD-L1 antibodies, resulting in poor response to anti-PD-L1 therapy in mCRPC. MATERIALS AND METHODS Western blotting and immunofluorescence were performed to compare PD-L1 levels in exosomes derived from different prostate cancer cells. PC3 cells were subcutaneously injected into nude mice, and then ELISA assay was used to detect human specific PD-L1 in exosomes purified from mouse serum. The function of CD8+ T cells was detected by T cell mediated tumor cell killing assay and FACS analysis. A subcutaneous xenograft model was established using mouse prostate cancer cell RM1, exosomes with or without PD-L1 were injected every 3 days, and then tumor size and weight were analyzed to evaluate the effect of exosomal PD-L1. RESULTS Herein, we found that exosomal-PD-L1 was taken up by tumor cells expressing low levels of PD-L1, thereby protecting them from T-cell killing. Higher levels of PD-L1 were detected in exosomes derived from the highly malignant prostate cancer PC3 and DU145 cell lines. Moreover, exosomal PD-L1 was taken up by the PD-L1-low-expressing LNCaP cell line and inhibited the killing function of CD8-T cells on tumor cells. The growth rate of RM1-derived subcutaneous tumors was decreased after knockdown of PD-L1 in tumor cells, whereas the growth rate recovered following exosomal PD-L1 tail vein injection. Furthermore, in the serum of mice with PCa subcutaneous tumors, PD-L1 was mainly present on exosomes. CONCLUSION In summary, tumor cells share PD-L1 synergistically against T cells through exosomes. Inhibition of exosome secretion or prevention of PD-L1 sorting into exosomes may improve the therapeutic response of prostate tumors to anti-PD-L1 therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dameng Li
- Cancer InstituteXuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
- Center of Clinical OncologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
- Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer InstituteXuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
| | - Xueying Zhou
- Cancer InstituteXuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
| | - Wenxian Xu
- Cancer InstituteXuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
| | - Yuxin Chen
- Cancer InstituteXuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
- Center of Clinical OncologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
- Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer InstituteXuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
| | - Chenglong Mu
- Cancer InstituteXuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
- Center of Clinical OncologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
- Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer InstituteXuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
| | - Xinchun Zhao
- Cancer InstituteXuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
- Center of Clinical OncologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
- Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer InstituteXuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
| | - Tao Yang
- Cancer InstituteXuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
- Center of Clinical OncologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
- Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer InstituteXuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
| | - Gang Wang
- Cancer InstituteXuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
- Center of Clinical OncologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
- Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer InstituteXuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
| | - Liang Wei
- Cancer InstituteXuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
- Center of Clinical OncologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
- Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer InstituteXuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
| | - Bo Ma
- Cancer InstituteXuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
- Center of Clinical OncologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
- Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer InstituteXuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
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Wang X, Dong FL, Wang YQ, Wei HL, Li T, Li J. Exosomal circTGFBR2 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression via enhancing ATG5 mediated protective autophagy. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:451. [PMID: 37474520 PMCID: PMC10359294 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05989-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes contribute substantially to the communication between tumor cells and normal cells. Benefiting from the stable structure, circular RNAs (circRNAs) are believed to serve an important function in exosome-mediated intercellular communication. Here, we focused on circRNAs enriched in starvation-stressed hepatocytic exosomes and further investigated their function and mechanism in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression. Differentially expressed circRNAs in exosomes were identified by RNA sequencing, and circTGFBR2 was identified and chosen for further study. The molecular mechanism of circTGFBR2 in HCC was demonstrated by RNA pulldown, RIP, dual-luciferase reporter assays, rescue experiments and tumor xenograft assay both in vitro and vivo. We confirmed exosomes with enriched circTGFBR2 led to an upregulated resistance of HCC cells to starvation stress. Mechanistically, circTGFBR2 delivered into HCC cells via exosomes serves as a competing endogenous RNA by binding miR-205-5p to facilitate ATG5 expression and enhance autophagy in HCC cells, resulting in resistance to starvation. Thus, we revealed that circTGFBR2 is a novel tumor promoter circRNA in hepatocytic exosomes and promotes HCC progression by enhancing ATG5-mediated protective autophagy via the circTGFBR2/miR-205-5p/ATG5 axis, which may be a potential therapeutic target for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117, China
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Feng-Lin Dong
- Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117, China
| | - Ying-Qiao Wang
- Department of Hematology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Hong-Long Wei
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, 250014, China.
| | - Jie Li
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, 250014, China.
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Wang YW, Zuo JC, Chen C, Li XH. Post-translational modifications and immune responses in liver cancer. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1230465. [PMID: 37609076 PMCID: PMC10441662 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1230465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-translational modification (PTM) refers to the covalent attachment of functional groups to protein substrates, resulting in structural and functional changes. PTMs not only regulate the development and progression of liver cancer, but also play a crucial role in the immune response against cancer. Cancer immunity encompasses the combined efforts of innate and adaptive immune surveillance against tumor antigens, tumor cells, and tumorigenic microenvironments. Increasing evidence suggests that immunotherapies, which harness the immune system's potential to combat cancer, can effectively improve cancer patient prognosis and prolong the survival. This review presents a comprehensive summary of the current understanding of key PTMs such as phosphorylation, ubiquitination, SUMOylation, and glycosylation in the context of immune cancer surveillance against liver cancer. Additionally, it highlights potential targets associated with these modifications to enhance the response to immunotherapies in the treatment of liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chong Chen
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Medical College of Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Li
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Medical College of Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
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Kaur S, Nathani A, Singh M. Exosomal delivery of cannabinoids against cancer. Cancer Lett 2023; 566:216243. [PMID: 37257632 PMCID: PMC10426019 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are extracellular vesicles (EVs) originating from endosomes that play a role in cellular communication. These vesicles which mimic the parental cells that release them are promising candidates for targeted drug delivery and therapeutic applications against cancer because of their favorable biocompatibility, specific targeting, low toxicity, and immunogenicity. Currently, Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabidiol (CBD) and other cannabinoids (e.g., CBG, THCV, CBC), are being explored for their anticancer and anti-proliferative properties. Several mechanisms, including cell cycle arrest, proliferation inhibition, activation of autophagy and apoptosis, inhibition of adhesion, metastasis, and angiogenesis have been proposed for their anticancer activity. EVs could be engineered as cannabinoid delivery systems for tumor-specificity leading to superior anticancer effects. This review discusses current techniques for EV isolation from various sources, characterization and strategies to load them with cannabinoids. More extensively, we culminate information available on different sources of EVs that have anticancer activity, mechanism of action of cannabinoids against various wild type and resistant tumors and role of CBD in histone modifications and cancer epigenetics. We have also enumerated the role of EVs containing cannabinoids against various tumors and in chemotherapy induced neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukhmandeep Kaur
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, 32307, USA
| | - Aakash Nathani
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, 32307, USA
| | - Mandip Singh
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, 32307, USA.
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