1
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Ng HJ, Alata MK, Nguyen QT, Huynh Duc Vinh P, Tan JY, Wong CL. Managing and treating COVID-19 in patients with hematological malignancies: a narrative review and expert insights. Clin Exp Med 2024; 24:119. [PMID: 38833206 PMCID: PMC11150206 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-024-01381-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Patients with hematologic malignancies (HMs) are at a significantly higher risk of contracting COVID-19 and experiencing severe outcomes compared to individuals without HMs. This heightened risk is influenced by various factors, including the underlying malignancy, immunosuppressive treatments, and patient-related factors. Notably, immunosuppressive regimens commonly used for HM treatment can lead to the depletion of B cells and T cells, which is associated with increased COVID-19-related complications and mortality in these patients. As the pandemic transitions into an endemic state, it remains crucial to acknowledge and address the ongoing risk for individuals with HMs. In this review, we aim to summarize the current evidence to enhance our understanding of the impact of HMs on COVID-19 risks and outcomes, identify particularly vulnerable individuals, and emphasize the need for specialized clinical attention and management. Furthermore, the impaired immune response to COVID-19 vaccination observed in these patients underscores the importance of implementing additional mitigation strategies. This may include targeted prophylaxis and treatment with antivirals and monoclonal antibodies as indicated. To provide practical guidance and considerations, we present two illustrative cases to highlight the real-life challenges faced by physicians caring for patients with HMs, emphasizing the need for individualized management based on disease severity, type, and the unique circumstances of each patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Joo Ng
- Department of Haematology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Quang The Nguyen
- Stem Cell Transplantation Department, Blood Transfusion Hematology Hospital, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam
| | - Phu Huynh Duc Vinh
- Stem Cell Transplantation Department, Blood Transfusion Hematology Hospital, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam
| | - Jing Yuan Tan
- Department of Haematology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chieh Lee Wong
- Department of Haematology, Sunway Medical Centre, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia.
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia.
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2
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Willis ZI, Oliveira CR, Abzug MJ, Anosike BI, Ardura MI, Bio LL, Boguniewicz J, Chiotos K, Downes K, Grapentine SP, Hersh AL, Heston SM, Hijano DR, Huskins WC, James SH, Jones S, Lockowitz CR, Lloyd EC, MacBrayne C, Maron GM, Hayes McDonough M, Miller CM, Morton TH, Olivero RM, Orscheln RC, Schwenk HT, Singh P, Soma VL, Sue PK, Vora SB, Nakamura MM, Wolf J. Guidance for prevention and management of COVID-19 in children and adolescents: A consensus statement from the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society Pediatric COVID-19 Therapies Taskforce. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc 2024; 13:159-185. [PMID: 38339996 DOI: 10.1093/jpids/piad116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since November 2019, the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has created challenges for preventing and managing COVID-19 in children and adolescents. Most research to develop new therapeutic interventions or to repurpose existing ones has been undertaken in adults, and although most cases of infection in pediatric populations are mild, there have been many cases of critical and fatal infection. Understanding the risk factors for severe illness and the evidence for safety, efficacy, and effectiveness of therapies for COVID-19 in children is necessary to optimize therapy. METHODS A panel of experts in pediatric infectious diseases, pediatric infectious diseases pharmacology, and pediatric intensive care medicine from 21 geographically diverse North American institutions was re-convened. Through a series of teleconferences and web-based surveys and a systematic review with meta-analysis of data for risk factors, a guidance statement comprising a series of recommendations for risk stratification, treatment, and prevention of COVID-19 was developed and refined based on expert consensus. RESULTS There are identifiable clinical characteristics that enable risk stratification for patients at risk for severe COVID-19. These risk factors can be used to guide the treatment of hospitalized and non-hospitalized children and adolescents with COVID-19 and to guide preventative therapy where options remain available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary I Willis
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Carlos R Oliveira
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Mark J Abzug
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Brenda I Anosike
- Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital at Montefiore and Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Monica I Ardura
- Department of Pediatrics, ID Host Defense Program, Nationwide Children's Hospital & The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Laura L Bio
- Department of Pharmacy, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Juri Boguniewicz
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Kathleen Chiotos
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Critical Care Medicine, and Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Divisions of Critical Care Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kevin Downes
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Division of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Steven P Grapentine
- Department of Pharmacy, University of California San Francisco Benioff Children's Hospital, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Adam L Hersh
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Sarah M Heston
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Diego R Hijano
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital and Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - W Charles Huskins
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Scott H James
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Sarah Jones
- Department of Pharmacy, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Elizabeth C Lloyd
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Gabriela M Maron
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital and Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Molly Hayes McDonough
- Center for Healthcare Quality & Analytics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Christine M Miller
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Theodore H Morton
- Department of Pharmacy, St Jude's Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Rosemary M Olivero
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, Michigan State College of Human Medicine and Helen DeVos Children's Hospital of Corewell Health, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | | | - Hayden T Schwenk
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Prachi Singh
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Vijaya L Soma
- Department of Pediatrics, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Paul K Sue
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Surabhi B Vora
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, and Division of Infectious Diseases, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Mari M Nakamura
- Antimicrobial Stewardship Program and Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joshua Wolf
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital and Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
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3
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Kamal M, Baudo M, Joseph J, Geng Y, Mohamed O, Rahouma M, Greenbaum U. Characteristics and Outcomes of Stem Cell Transplant Patients during the COVID-19 Era: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:530. [PMID: 38470640 PMCID: PMC10931059 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12050530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to identify the outcomes of stem cell transplant (SCT) patients during the COVID-19 era. Pooled event rates (PER) were calculated, and meta-regression was performed. A random effects model was utilized. In total, 36 eligible studies were included out of 290. The PER of COVID-19-related deaths and COVID-19-related hospital admissions were 21.1% and 55.2%, respectively. The PER of the use of hydroxychloroquine was 53.27%, of the receipt of immunosuppression it was 39.4%, and of the use of antivirals, antibiotics, and steroids it was 71.61%, 37.94%, and 18.46%, respectively. The PER of the time elapsed until COVID-19 infection after SCT of more than 6 months was 85.3%. The PER of fever, respiratory symptoms, and gastrointestinal symptoms were 70.9, 76.1, and 19.3%, respectively. The PER of acute and chronic GvHD were 40.2% and 60.9%, respectively. SCT patients are at a higher risk of severe COVID-19 infection and mortality. The use of dexamethasone improves the survival of hospitalized SCT patients with moderate to severe COVID-19 requiring supplemental oxygen or ventilation. The SCT patient group is a heterogeneous group with varying characteristics. The quality of reporting on these patients when infected with COVID-19 is not uniform and further prospective or registry studies are needed to better guide clinical care in this unique setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Kamal
- Department of Symptom Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Massimo Baudo
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Spedali Civili di Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy;
| | - Jacinth Joseph
- Hematology and Medical Oncology, University of Pittsburg Medical Center-Hillman Cancer Center, Altoona, PA 16601, USA
| | - Yimin Geng
- Research Medical Library, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Omnia Mohamed
- Department of Medical Oncology, NCI, Cairo 11796, Egypt;
| | - Mohamed Rahouma
- Surgical Oncology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo 12613, Egypt;
- Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Uri Greenbaum
- Department of Hematology, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer Sheva 8410501, Israel;
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 8410501, Israel
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4
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Kakavandi S, Hajikhani B, Azizi P, Aziziyan F, Nabi-Afjadi M, Farani MR, Zalpoor H, Azarian M, Saadi MI, Gharesi-Fard B, Terpos E, Zare I, Motamedifar M. COVID-19 in patients with anemia and haematological malignancies: risk factors, clinical guidelines, and emerging therapeutic approaches. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:126. [PMID: 38360719 PMCID: PMC10868124 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01316-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Extensive research in countries with high sociodemographic indices (SDIs) to date has shown that coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may be directly associated with more severe outcomes among patients living with haematological disorders and malignancies (HDMs). Because individuals with moderate to severe immunodeficiency are likely to undergo persistent infections, shed virus particles for prolonged periods, and lack an inflammatory or abortive phase, this represents an overall risk of morbidity and mortality from COVID-19. In cases suffering from HDMs, further investigation is needed to achieve a better understanding of triviruses and a group of related variants in patients with anemia and HDMs, as well as their treatment through vaccines, drugs, and other methods. Against this background, the present study aimed to delineate the relationship between HDMs and the novel COVID-19, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Besides, effective treatment options for HDM cases were further explored to address this epidemic and its variants. Therefore, learning about how COVID-19 manifests in these patients, along with exploiting the most appropriate treatments, may lead to the development of treatment and care strategies by clinicians and researchers to help patients recover faster. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sareh Kakavandi
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Bahareh Hajikhani
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Paniz Azizi
- Psychological and Brain Science Departments, Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Fatemeh Aziziyan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Nabi-Afjadi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marzieh Ramezani Farani
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Nano Bio High-Tech Materials Research Center, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Hamidreza Zalpoor
- Student Research Committee, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy & Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education & Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Azarian
- Department of Radiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Evangelos Terpos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Iman Zare
- Research and Development Department, Sina Medical Biochemistry Technologies Co., Ltd., Shiraz, 7178795844, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Motamedifar
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
- Shiraz HIV/AIDS Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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5
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He Q, Dou X, Liu Y, Wen L, Wang F, Peng N, Gong L, Li Y, Lu Y, Wang L, Zhang X, Huang X, Lu J. Characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19 in patients with plasma cell dyscrasias during the first Omicron wave in Beijing since December 2022: a retrospective study at a National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease. Ann Hematol 2023; 102:2857-2864. [PMID: 37436471 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-023-05350-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
The wave of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) with Omicron variant reached its first peak in Beijing, China in December 2022. We delineated characteristics and factors associated with adverse outcome of patients with plasma cell dyscrasias (PCDs) and COVID-19 during the first month of the wave. A total of 104 patients with a median age of 65 years were included in the study, with multiple myeloma (74%, n=77) and primary Immunoglobulin light chain amyloidosis (16.3%, n=17) being the two most common disease. Overall, severe or critical COVID-19 was developed in 18 (17.3%) patients, with a total all-cause mortality rate of 4.8% (n=5). The vaccination coverage was 41% and 48.1%, before and during the upsurge of Omicron, respectively, calling for the improvement of vaccination in PCD patients. Multivariable analysis revealed that age was the only independent risk factors (OR=1.14, 95% CI: 1.06-1.26, p = 0.002) associated with the development of severe or critical disease. Among patients with severe or critical group, low levels of albumin (HR=18.29; 95% CI: 1.82-183.44, p = 0.013) and high levels of lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) (HR=0.08; 95% CI: 0.01-0.65, p = 0.018) were associated with longer time to negative conversion of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing He
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Xuelin Dou
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Yang Liu
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Lei Wen
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Fengrong Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Nan Peng
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Lizhong Gong
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Yue Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Yao Lu
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Liru Wang
- Department of Hematology, Fu Xing Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Xiaojun Huang
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Jin Lu
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China.
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6
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Zheng R, Mieth K, Bennett C, Miller C, Anderson LD, Chen M, Cao J. Clinical Features and Risk Stratification of Multiple Myeloma Patients with COVID-19. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3598. [PMID: 37509261 PMCID: PMC10377341 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15143598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 infection often results in a more severe COVID-19 disease course in multiple myeloma (MM) patients compared to immunocompetent individuals. The aim of this report is to summarize the clinical features of the MM patients with COVID-19 and the impact of MM treatment on outcomes to guide risk stratification and ensure the appropriate management of the patients. Serological responses in MM patients post-infection or -vaccination are also reviewed to better understand the strategy of prevention. Along with reports from the literature, we presented findings from a retrospective analysis of the clinical characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19 infection in MM patients in our institution. Study population includes 34 MM patients with a median age of 61 (range: 35-82 years) who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 between 1 March 2020-15 August 2021. We examined the effect of chemotherapy, the benefit of neutralizing monoclonal antibody (Bamlanivimab) and the impact of anti-CD38 antibody (daratumumab) on the hospitalization and mortality of the patients, as well as the efficacy of native antibody production. Our results showed that MM patients have increased hospitalization and mortality rates from COVID-19 compared with that of general population, especially those on active chemotherapy. Advanced age, high-risk myeloma, renal disease, and suboptimal disease control are independent predictors of adverse outcomes. The use of daratumumab does not increase the disease severity/hospitalization or the post-infection/vaccination seropositivity of SARS-CoV-2. The neutralizing antibody decreases overall mortality. Evidence from the current study and previous publications suggest that testing of neutralizing antibody post-SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in MM patients may be needed in reducing COVID-19 risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruifang Zheng
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Kelsey Mieth
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Christen Bennett
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Carol Miller
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Larry D Anderson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Mingyi Chen
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Jing Cao
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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7
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Biswas B, Roy S, Banerjee I, Jana S, Bhattacharjee B, Chakraborty S, Mondal A, Goswami R. IL-10/IL-6 ratio from nasal & oral swab samples, acts as an inflammatory indicator for COVID-19 patients infected with the delta variant. Heliyon 2023; 9:e16985. [PMID: 37292329 PMCID: PMC10238278 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hyper-inflammatory immune response of SARS-CoV-2 is often characterized by the release of multiple pro-inflammatory cytokines with an impact on the expression of numerous other interleukins (ILs). However, from oral and nasal swab samples the specific quantitative association of the different IL-markers with the disease progression and its relationship with the status of vaccination remains unclear. Materials and methods Patients' combined oral and nasal swab samples were collected from both non-vaccinated and double-vaccinated individuals with high (Ct value < 25) and low (Ct value > 30) viral loads, along with uninfected donors. None of the patients were critically ill, or needed ICU support. The expression of different cytokines (IL6, IL10, IL1B, IFNG) and mucin (MUC5AC, MUC1) markers were assessed between different groups by qRT-PCR. The important cytokine markers differentiating between vaccinated and non-vaccinated patients were identified by PCA. Conclusion IL6 expression was higher in non-vaccinated COVID-19 patients infected with delta-variant irrespective of their viral-load compared to uninfected individuals. However, in double-vaccinated patients, only in high viral-load patients (Ct value < 25), IL6 expression increased. In high viral-load patients, irrespective to their vaccination status, IL10 expression was lower compared to the uninfected control group. Surprisingly, IL10 expression was lower in double-vaccinated patients with Ct value > 30. IL1B, and IFNG expression remained unaltered in uninfected and infected individuals. However, MUC5AC expression was lower in non-vaccinated patients with Ct value < 25 compared to control group. Our study unveiled that IL10/IL6 ratio can be used as a biomarker for COVID-19 patients upon proper establishment of it in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Subhasis Jana
- Purba Medinipur District Hospital, West Bengal, India
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8
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Terpos E, Musto P, Engelhardt M, Delforge M, Cook G, Gay F, van de Donk NWCJ, Ntanasis-Stathopoulos I, Vangsted AJ, Driessen C, Schjesvold F, Cerchione C, Zweegman S, Hajek R, Moreau P, Einsele H, San-Miguel J, Boccadoro M, Dimopoulos MA, Sonneveld P, Ludwig H. Management of patients with multiple myeloma and COVID-19 in the post pandemic era: a consensus paper from the European Myeloma Network (EMN). Leukemia 2023:10.1038/s41375-023-01920-1. [PMID: 37142661 PMCID: PMC10157596 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-023-01920-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
In the post-pandemic COVID-19 period, human activities have returned to normal and COVID-19 cases are usually mild. However, patients with multiple myeloma (MM) present an increased risk for breakthrough infections and severe COVID-19 outcomes, including hospitalization and death. The European Myeloma Network has provided an expert consensus to guide patient management in this era. Vaccination with variant-specific booster vaccines, such as the bivalent vaccine for the ancestral Wuhan strain and the Omicron BA.4/5 strains, is essential as novel strains emerge and become dominant in the community. Boosters should be administered every 6-12 months after the last vaccine shot or documented COVID-19 infection (hybrid immunity). Booster shots seem to overcome the negative effect of anti-CD38 monoclonal antibodies on humoral responses; however, anti-BCMA treatment remains an adverse predictive factor for humoral immune response. Evaluation of the immune response after vaccination may identify a particularly vulnerable subset of patients who may need additional boosters, prophylactic therapies and prevention measures. Pre-exposure prophylaxis with tixagevimab/cilgavimab is not effective against the new dominant variants and thus is no longer recommended. Oral antivirals (nirmatrelvir/ritonavir and molnupiravir) and remdesivir are effective against Omicron subvariants BA.2.12.1, BA.4, BA.5, BQ.1.1 and/or XBB.1.5 and should be administered in MM patients at the time of a positive COVID-19 test or within 5 days post symptoms onset. Convalescent plasma seems to have low value in the post-pandemic era. Prevention measures during SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks, including mask wearing and avoiding crowded places, seem prudent to continue for MM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelos Terpos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
| | - Pellegrino Musto
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, "Aldo Moro" University School of Medicine, Bari, Italy
- Unit of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, AOUC Policlinico, Bari, Italy
| | - Monika Engelhardt
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Interdisciplinary Cancer Center and Comprehensive Cancer Center Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michel Delforge
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gordon Cook
- CRUK Clinical Trials Unit, Leeds Institute of Clinical Trial Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Francesca Gay
- Division of Hematology, University of Turin, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Niels W C J van de Donk
- Department of Hematology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ioannis Ntanasis-Stathopoulos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Annette Juul Vangsted
- Department of Hematology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christoph Driessen
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Fredrik Schjesvold
- Oslo Myeloma Center, Department of Hematology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Center for B-Cell Malignancies, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Claudio Cerchione
- Hematology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola, Italy
| | - Sonja Zweegman
- Department of Hematology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Roman Hajek
- Department of Hemato-Oncology, University Hospital Ostrava and Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Philippe Moreau
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital Hotel-Dieu, Nantes, France
| | - Hermann Einsele
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jesus San-Miguel
- Cancer Center Clínica Universidad de Navarra, CCUN, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Mario Boccadoro
- Division of Hematology, University of Turin, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Meletios A Dimopoulos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Pieter Sonneveld
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Heinz Ludwig
- Wilhelminen Cancer Research Institute, First Department of Medicine, Center for Oncology, Hematology, and Palliative Care, Clinic Ottakring, Vienna, Austria
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9
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Lin WL, Nguyen THY, Wu LM, Huang WT, Su SB. Anticancer Therapy and Mortality of Adult Patients with Hematologic Malignancy and COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13020381. [PMID: 36836738 PMCID: PMC9967921 DOI: 10.3390/life13020381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) might affect cancer treatment outcomes. This systematic review and meta-analysis identified the prognostic predictors of adult patients with hematologic malignancies and COVID-19, and evaluated the effect of anticancer therapy on mortality. We performed a literature search of electronic databases and identified additional studies from the bibliographies of the articles that were retrieved. Two investigators independently extracted data according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) reporting guidelines. We evaluated study quality using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and performed a meta-analyses in order to evaluate the effect of anticancer therapy on mortality among adult patients with hematologic malignancies and COVID-19. Heterogeneity was assessed with the I2 statistic. The meta-analysis included 12 studies. The overall mortality rate was 36.3%. The pooled risk difference (RD) in mortality between patients receiving and not receiving anticancer therapy was 0.14 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.02-0.26; I2 = 76%). The pooled RD in mortality associated with chemotherapy was 0.22 (95% CI: 0.05-0.39; I2 = 48%), and with immunosuppression was 0.20 (95% CI: 0.05-0.34; I2 = 67%). In the subgroup analyses, anticancer-therapy-associated mortality was higher in females (RD = 0.57; 95% CI: 0.29-0.85; I2 = 0%) than in males (RD = 0.28; 95% CI: 0.04-0.52; I2 = 0%). Among patients with hematologic malignancies and COVID-19, those receiving anticancer therapy had a higher mortality risk, regardless of sex. The mortality risk was higher in females than in males. These results indicate that caution should be exercised when administering anticancer therapy to patients with hematologic malignancies and COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Li Lin
- Center for Quality Management, Chi Mei Medical Center, Liouying, Tainan 71004, Taiwan
- School of Nursing, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Thi-Hoang-Yen Nguyen
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704302, Taiwan
| | - Li-Min Wu
- School of Nursing, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
| | - Wen-Tsung Huang
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Liouying, Tainan 71004, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Bin Su
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan 71004, Taiwan
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10
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COVID and Cancer: A Complete 3D Advanced Radiological CT-Based Analysis to Predict the Outcome. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15030651. [PMID: 36765610 PMCID: PMC9913442 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer patients infected with COVID-19 were shown in a multitude of studies to have poor outcomes on the basis of older age and weak immune systems from cancer as well as chemotherapy. In this study, the CT examinations of 22 confirmed COVID-19 cancer patients were analyzed. METHODOLOGY A retrospective analysis was conducted on 28 cancer patients, of which 22 patients were COVID positive. The CT scan changes before and after treatment and the extent of structural damage to the lungs after COVID-19 infection was analyzed. Structural damage to a lung was indicated by a change in density measured in Hounsfield units (HUs) and by lung volume reduction. A 3D radiometric analysis was also performed and lung and lesion histograms were compared. RESULTS A total of 22 cancer patients were diagnosed with COVID-19 infection. A repeat CT scan were performed in 15 patients after they recovered from infection. Most of the study patients were diagnosed with leukemia. A secondary clinical analysis was performed to show the associations of COVID treatment on the study subjects, lab data, and outcome on mortality. It was found that post COVID there was a decrease of >50% in lung volume and a higher density in the form of HUs due to scar tissue formation post infection. CONCLUSION It was concluded that COVID-19 infection may have further detrimental effects on the lungs of cancer patients, thereby, decreasing their lung volume and increasing their lung density due to scar formation.
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11
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Senefeld JW, Franchini M, Mengoli C, Cruciani M, Zani M, Gorman EK, Focosi D, Casadevall A, Joyner MJ. COVID-19 Convalescent Plasma for the Treatment of Immunocompromised Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Netw Open 2023; 6:e2250647. [PMID: 36633846 PMCID: PMC9857047 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.50647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Importance Patients who are immunocompromised have increased risk for morbidity and mortality associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) because they less frequently mount antibody responses to vaccines. Although neutralizing anti-spike monoclonal-antibody treatment has been widely used to treat COVID-19, evolutions of SARS-CoV-2 have been associated with monoclonal antibody-resistant SARS-CoV-2 variants and greater virulence and transmissibility of SARS-CoV-2. Thus, the therapeutic use of COVID-19 convalescent plasma has increased on the presumption that such plasma contains potentially therapeutic antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 that can be passively transferred to the plasma recipient. Objective To assess the growing number of reports of clinical experiences of patients with COVID-19 who are immunocompromised and treated with specific neutralizing antibodies via COVID-19 convalescent plasma transfusion. Data Sources On August 12, 2022, a systematic search was performed for clinical studies of COVID-19 convalescent plasma use in patients who are immunocompromised. Study Selection Randomized clinical trials, matched cohort studies, and case report or series on COVID-19 convalescent plasma use in patients who are immunocompromised were included. The electronic search yielded 462 unique records, of which 199 were considered for full-text screening. Data Extraction and Synthesis The study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Data were extracted by 3 independent reviewers in duplicate and pooled. Main Outcomes and Meaures The prespecified end point was all-cause mortality after COVID-19 convalescent plasma transfusion; exploratory subgroup analyses were performed based on putative factors associated with the potential mortality benefit of convalescent plasma. Results This systematic review and meta-analysis included 3 randomized clinical trials enrolling 1487 participants and 5 controlled studies. Additionally, 125 case series or reports enrolling 265 participants and 13 uncontrolled large case series enrolling 358 participants were included. Separate meta-analyses, using models both stratified and pooled by study type (ie, randomized clinical trials and matched cohort studies), demonstrated that transfusion of COVID-19 convalescent plasma was associated with a decrease in mortality compared with the control cohort for the amalgam of both randomized clinical trials and matched cohort studies (risk ratio [RR], 0.63 [95% CI, 0.50-0.79]). Conclusions and Relevance These findings suggest that transfusion of COVID-19 convalescent plasma is associated with mortality benefit for patients who are immunocompromised and have COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathon W. Senefeld
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Massimo Franchini
- Division of Transfusion Medicine, Carlo Poma Hospital, Mantua, Italy
| | - Carlo Mengoli
- Division of Transfusion Medicine, Carlo Poma Hospital, Mantua, Italy
| | - Mario Cruciani
- Division of Transfusion Medicine, Carlo Poma Hospital, Mantua, Italy
| | - Matteo Zani
- Division of Transfusion Medicine, Carlo Poma Hospital, Mantua, Italy
| | - Ellen K. Gorman
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Daniele Focosi
- North-Western Tuscany Blood Bank, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy
| | - Arturo Casadevall
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Michael J. Joyner
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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12
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Zhang Y, Fan X, Zhao C, Yuan Z, Cheng Y, Wu Y, Han J, Yuan Z, Zhao Y, Lu K. Association between metabolic obesity phenotypes and multiple myeloma hospitalization burden: A national retrospective study. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1116307. [PMID: 36910611 PMCID: PMC9996033 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1116307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background & purpose Obesity and metabolic disorders were associated with increased risk of MM, a disease characterized by high risk of relapsing and require frequent hospitalizations. In this study, we conducted a retrospective cohort study to explore the association of metabolic obesity phenotypes with the readmission risk of MM. Patients & methods We analyzed 34,852 patients diagnosed with MM from the Nationwide Readmissions Database (NRD), a nationally representative database from US. Hospitalization diagnosis of patients were obtained using ICD-10 diagnosis codes. According to obesity and metabolic status, the population was divided into four phenotypes: metabolically healthy non-obese (MHNO), metabolically unhealthy non-obese (MUNO), metabolically healthy obese (MHO), and metabolically unhealthy obese (MUO). The patients with different phenotypes were observed for hospital readmission at days 30-day, 60-day, 90-day and 180-day. Multivariate cox regression model was used to estimate the relationship between obesity metabolic phenotypes and readmissions risk. Results There were 5,400 (15.5%), 7,255 (22.4%), 8,025 (27.0%) and 7,839 (35.6%) unplanned readmissions within 30-day, 60-day, 90-day and 180-day follow-up, respectively. For 90-day and 180-day follow-up, compared with patients with the MHNO phenotype, those with metabolic unhealthy phenotypes MUNO (90-day: P = 0.004; 180-day: P = < 0.001) and MUO (90-day: P = 0.049; 180-day: P = 0.004) showed higher risk of readmission, while patients with only obesity phenotypes MHO (90-day: P = 0.170; 180-day: P = 0.090) experienced no higher risk. However, similar associations were not observed for 30-day and 60-day. Further analysis in 90-day follow-up revealed that, readmission risk elevated with the increase of the combined factor numbers, with aHR of 1.068 (CI: 1.002-1.137, P = 0.043, with one metabolic risk factor), 1.109 (CI: 1.038-1.184, P = 0.002, with two metabolic risk factors) and 1.125 (95% CI: 1.04-1.216, P = 0.003, with three metabolic risk factors), respectively. Conclusion Metabolic disorders, rather than obesity, were independently associated with higher readmission risk in patients with MM, whereas the risk elevated with the increase of the number of combined metabolic factors. However, the effect of metabolic disorders on MM readmission seems to be time-dependent. For MM patient combined with metabolic disorders, more attention should be paid to advance directives to reduce readmission rate and hospitalization burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong Engineering Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiude Fan
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong Engineering Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Chunhui Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong Engineering Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zinuo Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong Engineering Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yiping Cheng
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong Engineering Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yafei Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong Engineering Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Junming Han
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong Engineering Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhongshang Yuan
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yuanfei Zhao
- Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-based Precision Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Keke Lu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, China
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13
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Ho M, Zanwar S, Buadi FK, Ailawadhi S, Larsen J, Bergsagel L, Binder M, Chanan‐Khan A, Dingli D, Dispenzieri A, Fonseca R, Gertz MA, Gonsalves W, Go RS, Hayman S, Kapoor P, Kourelis T, Lacy MQ, Leung N, Lin Y, Muchtar E, Roy V, Sher T, Warsame R, Fonder A, Hobbs M, Hwa YL, Kyle RA, Rajkumar SV, Kumar S. Risk factors for severe infection and mortality In patients with COVID-19 in patients with multiple myeloma and AL amyloidosis. Am J Hematol 2023; 98:49-55. [PMID: 36226510 PMCID: PMC9874728 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.26762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Patients with multiple myeloma (MM) have a lower efficacy from COVID-19 vaccination and a high rate of mortality from COVID-19 in hospitalized patients. However, the overall rate and severity of COVID-19 infection in all settings (including non-hospitalized patients) and the independent impact of plasma cell-directed therapies on outcomes needs further study. We reviewed the medical records of 9225 patients with MM or AL amyloidosis (AL) seen at Mayo Clinic Rochester, Arizona, and Florida between 12/01/2019 and 8/31/2021 and identified 187 patients with a COVID-19 infection (n = 174 MM, n = 13 AL). The infection rate in our cohort was relatively low at 2% but one-fourth of the COVID-19 infections were severe. Nineteen (10%) patients required intensive care unit (ICU) admission and 5 (3%) patients required mechanical ventilation. The mortality rate among hospitalized patients with COVID-19 was 22% (16/72 patients). Among patients that were fully vaccinated at the time of infection (n = 12), two (17%) developed severe COVID-19 infection, without any COVID-related death. On multivariable analysis, treatment with CD38 antibody within 6 months of COVID-19 infection [Risk ratio (RR) 3.6 (95% CI: 1.2, 10.5), p = .02], cardiac [RR 4.1 (95% CI: 1.3, 12.4), p = .014] or pulmonary comorbidities [RR 3.6 (95% CI 1.1, 11.6); p = .029] were independent predictors for ICU admission. Cardiac comorbidity [RR 2.6 (95% CI: 1.1, 6.5), p = .038] was an independent predictor of mortality whereas MM/AL in remission was associated with lower mortality [RR 0.4 (95% CI: 0.2-0.8); p = .008].
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Ho
- Department of Internal MedicineMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | - Saurabh Zanwar
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal MedicineMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | - Francis K. Buadi
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal MedicineMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | | | - Jeremy Larsen
- Division of HematologyMayo ClinicScottsdaleArizonaUSA
| | | | - Moritz Binder
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal MedicineMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | | | - David Dingli
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal MedicineMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | - Angela Dispenzieri
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal MedicineMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | | | - Morie A. Gertz
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal MedicineMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | - Wilson Gonsalves
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal MedicineMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | - Ronald S. Go
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal MedicineMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | - Suzanne Hayman
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal MedicineMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | - Prashant Kapoor
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal MedicineMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | - Taxiarchis Kourelis
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal MedicineMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | - Martha Q. Lacy
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal MedicineMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | - Nelson Leung
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal MedicineMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | - Yi Lin
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal MedicineMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | - Eli Muchtar
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal MedicineMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | - Vivek Roy
- Division of HematologyMayo ClinicJacksonvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Taimur Sher
- Division of HematologyMayo ClinicJacksonvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Rahma Warsame
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal MedicineMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | - Amie Fonder
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal MedicineMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | - Miriam Hobbs
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal MedicineMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | - Yi L. Hwa
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal MedicineMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | - Robert A. Kyle
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal MedicineMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | - S. Vincent Rajkumar
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal MedicineMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | - Shaji Kumar
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal MedicineMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
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14
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Al‐Kuraishy HM, Al‐Gareeb AI, Mohammed AA, Alexiou A, Papadakis M, Batiha GE. The potential link between Covid-19 and multiple myeloma: A new saga. Immun Inflamm Dis 2022; 10:e701. [PMID: 36444620 PMCID: PMC9673426 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Covid-19 is considered a primary respiratory disease-causing viral pneumonia and, in severe cases, leads to acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). In addition, though, extra-pulmonary manifestations of Covid-19 have been shown. Furthermore, severe acute respiratory distress syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection may coexist with several malignancies, including multiple myeloma (MM). METHODS This critical literature review aimed to find the potential association between SARS-CoV-2 infection and MM in Covid-19 patients with underlying MM. Narrative literature and databases search revealed that ARDS is developed in both MM and Covid-19 due to hypercalcemia and proteasome dysfunction. RESULTS Notably, the expression of angiogenic factors and glutamine deficiency could link Covid-19 severity and MM in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular complications. MM and Covid-19 share thrombosis as a typical complication; unlike thrombosis in Covid-19, which reflects disease severity, thrombosis does not reflect disease severity in MM. In both conditions, thromboprophylaxis is essential to prevent pulmonary thrombosis and other thromboembolic disorders. Moreover, Covid-19 may exacerbate the development of acute kidney injury and neurological complications in MM patients. CONCLUSION These findings highlighted that MM patients might be a risk group for Covid-19 severity due to underlying immunosuppression and most of those patients need specific management in the Covid-19 era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayder M. Al‐Kuraishy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of MedicineALmustansiriyia UniversityBaghdadIraq
| | - Ali I. Al‐Gareeb
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of MedicineALmustansiriyia UniversityBaghdadIraq
| | - Ali A Mohammed
- The Chest Clinic, Barts Health NHS TrustWhipps Cross University HospitalLondonUK
| | - Athanasios Alexiou
- Department of Science and EngineeringNovel Global Community Educational FoundationHebershamAustralia
- AFNP MedWienAustria
| | - Marios Papadakis
- Department of Surgery II, University Hospital Witten‐HerdeckeUniversity of Witten‐HerdeckeWuppertalGermany
| | - Gaber El‐Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineDamanhour UniversityDamanhourEgypt
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15
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Bradykinin and Galectin-3 in Survived and Deceased Patients with COVID-19 Pneumonia: An Increasingly Promising Biochemical Target. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:7920915. [PMID: 36338343 PMCID: PMC9633192 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7920915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Introduction There are still no definite curative or preventive strategies for COVID-19 disease. It is crucial to fully comprehend the pathogenesis of COVID-19 infection so that we can develop expedient pharmacological protocols. While the impact of cytokine storm on COVID-19 severity has been one of the most tested hypotheses, the role of bradykinin and various other oxidative stress markers has been relatively under-researched. Their levels can be determined immediately after a hospital admission so they could be used as early predictors of the further development of the disease. Aim The study aims at evaluating the possibility of using bradykinin and galectin-3 levels as early predictors that COVID-19 disease will progress into a severe case. Material and methods. The study was conducted as a prospective cross-sectional study. It included 47 consecutive adult patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 pneumonia. All study subjects were admitted for a hospital treatment to the tertiary Clinical Hospital Center Bezanijska kosa, Belgrade, Serbia on June 2021. The blood samples were collected at the patients' admission. The analyses of demographic, radiological, and clinical data were later conducted for both groups (the deceased patients and those who survived). In addition, we analyzed the potential relations between the outcome and the levels of bradykinin and galectin-3 measured immediately after the patients were admitted to the hospital. Results The patients who passed away were predominantly older men with comorbidities. We recorded higher CT scores in the deceased patients and the significantly higher levels of urea, creatinine, CK, troponine, CRP, and other laboratory markers. They stayed at the ICU unit longer and required mechanical ventilation more frequently than the patients who survived. On the other hand, no differences were recorded in the time periods passing from the onset of the systems to the hospital admissions. Finally, we can highlight several independent predictors of mortality in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia, including the following: (1) patients who are 50 or more years old, (2) with in-hospital stays are longer that 4 days, (3) bradykinin levels surpass 220000 pg/ml, (4) D-dimer, creatinine, and CRP are elevated, and (5) comorbidities were present (such as hypertension and diabetes). Conclusion The present study strongly supports the bradykinin storm hypothesis. Since elevated bradykinin levels have been found in most COVID-19 cases with fatal outcomes, the future therapeutical strategies for COVID-19 have to be focused on reducing bradykinin serum concentrations.
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16
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Carrara E, Razzaboni E, Azzini AM, De Rui ME, Pinho Guedes MN, Gorska A, Giannella M, Bussini L, Bartoletti M, Arbizzani F, Palacios‐Baena ZR, Caponcello G, Maldonado N, Rodríguez‐Baño J, Visco C, Krampera M, Tacconelli E. Predictors of clinical evolution of SARS-CoV-2 infection in hematological patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Hematol Oncol 2022; 41:16-25. [PMID: 36238977 PMCID: PMC9874549 DOI: 10.1002/hon.3084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Main aim of this systematic review is to quantify the risk and identify predictors of clinical evolution of SARS-CoV-2 in hematological patients compared to different control populations. Two independent reviewers screened the literature assessing clinical outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infection in adult patients with active hematological malignancies published up to June 2021. Primary outcome was COVID-19 related mortality, secondary outcomes were hospital and intensive-care admission, mechanical ventilation (MV), and thromboembolic events. Variables related to study setting, baseline patients' demographic, comorbidities, underlying hematological disease, ongoing chemotherapy, COVID-19 presentation, and treatments were extracted. A total of 67 studies including 10,061 hematological patients and 111,143 controls were included. Most of the studies were retrospective cohorts (51 studies, 76%) and only 19 (13%) provided data for a control group. A significant increased risk of clinical progression in the hematological population compared to the controls was found in terms of COVID-19 related mortality (OR, 2.12; 95% CI, 1.77-2.54), hospitalization (OR, 1.98; 95% CI, 1.15-3.43), intensive-care admission (OR, 1.77; 95% CI, 1.38-2.26), and MV (OR, 2.17; 95% CI, 1.71-2.75). The risk remained significantly higher in the subgroup analysis comparing hematological patients versus solid cancer. Meta-regression analysis of uncontrolled studies showed that older age, male sex, and hypertension were significantly related to worse clinical outcomes of COVID-19 in hematological population. Older age and hypertension were found to be associated also to thromboembolic events. In conclusion, hematological patients have a higher risk of COVID-19 clinical progression compared to both the general population and to patients with solid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Carrara
- Department of Diagnostics and Public HealthDivision of Infectious DiseasesUniversity of VeronaVeronaItaly
| | - Elisa Razzaboni
- Department of Diagnostics and Public HealthDivision of Infectious DiseasesUniversity of VeronaVeronaItaly
| | - Anna Maria Azzini
- Department of Diagnostics and Public HealthDivision of Infectious DiseasesUniversity of VeronaVeronaItaly
| | - Maria Elena De Rui
- Department of Diagnostics and Public HealthDivision of Infectious DiseasesUniversity of VeronaVeronaItaly
| | - Mariana Nunes Pinho Guedes
- Department of Diagnostics and Public HealthDivision of Infectious DiseasesUniversity of VeronaVeronaItaly
| | - Anna Gorska
- Department of Diagnostics and Public HealthDivision of Infectious DiseasesUniversity of VeronaVeronaItaly
| | - Maddalena Giannella
- Department of Medical and Surgical SciencesInfectious Diseases UnitIRCCS Policlinico Sant’OrsolaUniversity of BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - Linda Bussini
- Department of Medical and Surgical SciencesInfectious Diseases UnitIRCCS Policlinico Sant’OrsolaUniversity of BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - Michele Bartoletti
- Department of Medical and Surgical SciencesInfectious Diseases UnitIRCCS Policlinico Sant’OrsolaUniversity of BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - Federica Arbizzani
- Department of Medical and Surgical SciencesInfectious Diseases UnitIRCCS Policlinico Sant’OrsolaUniversity of BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - Zaira R. Palacios‐Baena
- Department of MedicineInfectious Diseases and Microbiology UnitHospital Universitario Virgen MacarenaUniversity of SevilleBiomedicine Institute of Seville (IBiS) / CSIC; and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC)SevilleSpain
| | - Giulia Caponcello
- Department of MedicineInfectious Diseases and Microbiology UnitHospital Universitario Virgen MacarenaUniversity of SevilleBiomedicine Institute of Seville (IBiS) / CSIC; and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC)SevilleSpain
| | - Natalia Maldonado
- Department of MedicineInfectious Diseases and Microbiology UnitHospital Universitario Virgen MacarenaUniversity of SevilleBiomedicine Institute of Seville (IBiS) / CSIC; and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC)SevilleSpain
| | - Jesús Rodríguez‐Baño
- Department of MedicineInfectious Diseases and Microbiology UnitHospital Universitario Virgen MacarenaUniversity of SevilleBiomedicine Institute of Seville (IBiS) / CSIC; and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC)SevilleSpain
| | - Carlo Visco
- Department of MedicineSection of HematologyUniversity of VeronaVeronaItaly
| | - Mauro Krampera
- Department of MedicineSection of HematologyUniversity of VeronaVeronaItaly
| | - Evelina Tacconelli
- Department of Diagnostics and Public HealthDivision of Infectious DiseasesUniversity of VeronaVeronaItaly
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17
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Morrison FJ, Su M, Turchin A. COVID-19 outcomes in patients taking cardioprotective medications. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0275787. [PMID: 36215288 PMCID: PMC9550077 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0275787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused a worldwide pandemic and has led to over five million deaths. Many cardiovascular risk factors (e.g. obesity or diabetes) are associated with an increased risk of adverse outcomes in COVID-19. On the other hand, it has been suggested that medications used to treat cardiometabolic conditions may have protective effects for patients with COVID-19. Objectives To determine whether patients taking four classes of cardioprotective medications—aspirin, metformin, renin angiotensin aldosterone system inhibitors (RAASi) and statins–have a lower risk of adverse outcomes of COVID-19. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study of primary care patients at a large integrated healthcare delivery system who had a positive COVID-19 test between March 2020 and March 2021. We compared outcomes of patients who were taking one of the study medications at the time of the COVID-19 test to patients who took a medication from the same class in the past (to minimize bias by indication). The following outcomes were compared: a) hospitalization; b) ICU admission; c) intubation; and d) death. Multivariable analysis was used to adjust for patient demographics and comorbidities. Results Among 13,585 study patients, 1,970 (14.5%) were hospitalized; 763 (5.6%) were admitted to an ICU; 373 (2.8%) were intubated and 720 (5.3%) died. In bivariate analyses, patients taking metformin, RAASi and statins had lower risk of hospitalization, ICU admission and death. However, in multivariable analysis, only the lower risk of death remained statistically significant. Patients taking aspirin had a significantly higher risk of hospitalization in both bivariate and multivariable analyses. Conclusions Cardioprotective medications were not associated with a consistent benefit in COVID-19. As vaccination and effective treatments are not yet universally accessible worldwide, research should continue to determine whether affordable and widely available medications could be utilized to decrease the risks of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fritha J. Morrison
- Division of Endocrinology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Maxwell Su
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Phase V Technologies, Wellesley Hills, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Alexander Turchin
- Division of Endocrinology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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18
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Hussein H, Nevill CR, Meffen A, Abrams KR, Bujkiewicz S, Sutton AJ, Gray LJ. Double-counting of populations in evidence synthesis in public health: a call for awareness and future methodological development. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1827. [PMID: 36167529 PMCID: PMC9513872 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14213-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is a growing interest in the inclusion of real-world and observational studies in evidence synthesis such as meta-analysis and network meta-analysis in public health. While this approach offers great epidemiological opportunities, use of such studies often introduce a significant issue of double-counting of participants and databases in a single analysis. Therefore, this study aims to introduce and illustrate the nuances of double-counting of individuals in evidence synthesis including real-world and observational data with a focus on public health. Methods The issues associated with double-counting of individuals in evidence synthesis are highlighted with a number of case studies. Further, double-counting of information in varying scenarios is discussed with potential solutions highlighted. Results Use of studies of real-world data and/or established cohort studies, for example studies evaluating the effectiveness of therapies using health record data, often introduce a significant issue of double-counting of individuals and databases. This refers to the inclusion of the same individuals multiple times in a single analysis. Double-counting can occur in a number of manners, such as, when multiple studies utilise the same database, when there is overlapping timeframes of analysis or common treatment arms across studies. Some common practices to address this include synthesis of data only from peer-reviewed studies, utilising the study that provides the greatest information (e.g. largest, newest, greater outcomes reported) or analysing outcomes at different time points. Conclusions While common practices currently used can mitigate some of the impact of double-counting of participants in evidence synthesis including real-world and observational studies, there is a clear need for methodological and guideline development to address this increasingly significant issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humaira Hussein
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Clareece R Nevill
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Anna Meffen
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Keith R Abrams
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK.,Department of Statistics, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Sylwia Bujkiewicz
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Alex J Sutton
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Laura J Gray
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK.
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19
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Tang Q, Gao L, Tong Z, Li W. Hyperlipidemia, COVID-19 and acute pancreatitis: A tale of three entities. Am J Med Sci 2022; 364:257-263. [PMID: 35381217 PMCID: PMC8977370 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2022.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) caused the ongoing pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which presented as not only respiratory symptoms, but various digestive manifestations including pancreatic injury and acute pancreatitis (AP). The underlying mechanism is still unclear. Hypertriglyceridemia has become one of the leading causes of AP in recent years and hyperlipidemia is highly reported in COVID-19 cases. The current narrative review aimed to explore the associations between AP, COVID-19 and hyperlipidemia. Substantial cases of COVID-19 patients complicated with AP were reported, while the incidence of AP in the COVID-19 population was relatively low. Hyperlipidemia was common in COVID-19 patients with a pooled incidence of 32.98%. Hyperlipidemia could be a mediating factor in the pathogenesis of AP in COVID-19 patients. Further studies are warranted to clarify the relationship among AP, lipid metabolism disorders and COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyi Tang
- Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Center of Severe Acute Pancreatitis (CSAP), Department of Intensive Care Unit, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lin Gao
- Center of Severe Acute Pancreatitis (CSAP), Department of Intensive Care Unit, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhihui Tong
- Center of Severe Acute Pancreatitis (CSAP), Department of Intensive Care Unit, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Weiqin Li
- Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Center of Severe Acute Pancreatitis (CSAP), Department of Intensive Care Unit, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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20
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Lim YJ, Khan U, Karpha I, Ross A, Saif M, Remberger M, Kalakonda N, Pettitt AR, Floisand Y. COVID‐19 outcomes in haematopoietic cell transplant recipients: A systematic review and meta‐analysis. EJHAEM 2022; 3:862-872. [PMID: 35941880 PMCID: PMC9350043 DOI: 10.1002/jha2.465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Up‐to‐date information on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) outcomes and risk factors in haematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) recipients is required to inform on decisions about cancer treatment and COVID‐19 mitigation strategies. We performed a meta‐analysis to address this knowledge gap. All studies with at least five patients who reported COVID‐19‐related deaths in HCT recipients were included. The primary outcome was COVID‐19‐related death. Secondary outcomes were COVID‐19‐related mechanical ventilation (MV) and intensive care unit (ITU) admission. The cumulative COVID‐19‐related death rate among HCT recipients was 21% (95% confidence interval [CI] 18%–24%), while MV and ITU admission rates were 14% (95% CI 11%–17%) and 18% (95% CI 14%–22%), respectively. Subgroup analysis showed higher death rates in patients who developed COVID‐19 within 12 months of HCT (risk ratio [RR] 1.82, 95% CI 1.09–3.03), within 6 months of receiving immunosuppressant drugs (RR 2.11, 95% CI 1.38–3.20) or in the context of active graft‐versus‐host disease (RR 2.38, 95% CI 1.10–5.16). Our findings support the idea that HCT should remain an integral part of cancer treatment during the COVID‐19 pandemic but also highlight the need to prioritise preventative measures in those patients who are at increased risk of adverse COVID‐19 outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeong Jer Lim
- Haemato‐oncology Department Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust Liverpool UK
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology University of Liverpool Liverpool UK
| | - Umair Khan
- Haemato‐oncology Department Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust Liverpool UK
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology University of Liverpool Liverpool UK
| | - Indrani Karpha
- Haemato‐oncology Department Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust Liverpool UK
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology University of Liverpool Liverpool UK
| | - Andrew Ross
- Haemato‐oncology Department Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust Liverpool UK
| | - Muhammad Saif
- Haemato‐oncology Department Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust Liverpool UK
| | - Mats Remberger
- Department of Medical Sciences Uppsala University and KFUE Uppsala University Hospital Uppsala Sweden
| | - Nagesh Kalakonda
- Haemato‐oncology Department Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust Liverpool UK
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology University of Liverpool Liverpool UK
| | - Andrew R. Pettitt
- Haemato‐oncology Department Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust Liverpool UK
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology University of Liverpool Liverpool UK
| | - Yngvar Floisand
- Haemato‐oncology Department Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust Liverpool UK
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Institute of Clinical Medicine University of Oslo Oslo Norway
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21
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Laracy JC, Kamboj M, Vardhana SA. Long and persistent COVID-19 in patients with hematologic malignancies: from bench to bedside. Curr Opin Infect Dis 2022; 35:271-279. [PMID: 35849516 PMCID: PMC9922441 DOI: 10.1097/qco.0000000000000841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Cancer patients, especially those with hematologic malignancies, are at increased risk for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related complications and mortality. We describe the incidence, clinical characteristics, risk factors, and outcomes of persistent COVID-19 infection in patients with hematologic malignancies. RECENT FINDINGS The syndrome of persistent COVID-19 in patients with hematologic malignancies manifests as a chronic protracted illness marked by waxing and waning or progressive respiratory symptoms and prolonged viral shedding. Immunosuppressed patients with lymphoid malignancies may serve as partially immune reservoirs for the generation of immune-evasive viral escape mutants. SUMMARY Persistent COVID-19 infection is a unique concern in patients with hematologic malignancies. While vaccination against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 has reduced the overall burden of COVID-19 in patients with hematologic cancers, whether vaccination or other novel treatments for COVID-19 prevent or alleviate this syndrome remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin C. Laracy
- Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Infection Control, Division of Quality and Safety, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mini Kamboj
- Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Infection Control, Division of Quality and Safety, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Santosha A. Vardhana
- Lymphoma Service, Division of Hematologic Malignancies, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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22
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Van Oekelen O, Parekh S. CD8 + T cells: An ineffective armor against prolonged COVID-19 in cancer patients. Cell Rep Med 2022; 3:100695. [PMID: 35835105 PMCID: PMC9233996 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2022.100695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In a diverse cohort of cancer patients, Lyudovyk et al.1 show that persistent COVID-19 infection is associated with weaker humoral responses and increased CD8+ T cell responses that are ineffective in clearing virus, particularly in patients receiving B cell-depleting therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Van Oekelen
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai Beth Israel, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Samir Parekh
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Medicine, Hematology and Medical Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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23
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Fujii T, Hagihara M, Mitamura K, Nakashima S, Ohara S, Uchida T, Inoue M, Okuda M, Yasuhara A, Murakami J, Duong C, Iwatsuki-Horimoto K, Yamayoshi S, Kawaoka Y. Anti-SARS CoV-2 IgG in COVID-19 Patients with Hematological Diseases: A Single-center, Retrospective Study in Japan. Intern Med 2022; 61:1681-1686. [PMID: 35342138 PMCID: PMC9259303 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.9209-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has spread globally. Although the relationship between anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies and COVID-19 severity has been reported, information is lacking regarding the seropositivity of patients with particular types of diseases, including hematological diseases. Methods In this single-center, retrospective study, we compared SARS-CoV-2 IgG positivity between patients with hematological diseases and those with non-hematological diseases. Results In total, 77 adult COVID-19 patients were enrolled. Of these, 30 had hematological disorders, and 47 had non-hematological disorders. The IgG antibody against the receptor-binding domain of the spike protein was detected less frequently in patients with hematological diseases (60.0%) than in those with non-hematological diseases (91.5%; p=0.029). Rituximab use was significantly associated with seronegativity (p=0.010). Conclusion Patients with hematological diseases are less likely to develop anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies than those with non-hematological diseases, which may explain the poor outcomes of COVID-19 patients in this high-risk group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Fujii
- Department of Hematology, Eiju General Hospital, Japan
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Japan
| | | | - Keiko Mitamura
- Division of Infection Control, Eiju General Hospital, Japan
| | | | - Shin Ohara
- Department of Hematology, Eiju General Hospital, Japan
| | | | | | - Moe Okuda
- Division of Virology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Yasuhara
- Division of Virology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jurika Murakami
- Division of Virology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Calvin Duong
- Division of Virology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Seiya Yamayoshi
- Division of Virology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Japan
- The Research Center for Global Viral Diseases, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kawaoka
- Division of Virology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Japan
- The Research Center for Global Viral Diseases, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Japan
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24
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Nguyen NN, Ho DS, Nguyen HS, Ho DKN, Li HY, Lin CY, Chiu HY, Chen YC. Preadmission use of antidiabetic medications and mortality among patients with COVID-19 having type 2 diabetes: A meta-analysis. Metabolism 2022; 131:155196. [PMID: 35367460 PMCID: PMC8970613 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2022.155196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes is an independent predictor of poor outcomes in patients with COVID-19. We compared the effects of the preadmission use of antidiabetic medications on the in-hospital mortality of patients with COVID-19 having type 2 diabetes. METHODS A systematic search of PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus and Web of Science databases was performed to include studies (except case reports and review articles) published until November 30, 2021. We excluded papers regarding in-hospital use of antidiabetic medications. We used a random-effects meta-analysis to calculate the pooled OR (95% CI) and performed a sensitivity analysis to confirm the robustness of the meta-analyses. MAIN FINDINGS We included 61 studies (3,061,584 individuals), which were rated as having low risk of bias. The OR (95% CI) indicated some medications protective against COVID-related death, including metformin [0.54 (0.47-0.62), I2 86%], glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) [0.51 (0.37-0.69), I2 85%], and sodium-glucose transporter-2 inhibitor (SGLT-2i) [0.60 (0.40-0.88), I2 91%]. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (DPP-4i) [1.23 (1.07-1.42), I2 82%] and insulin [1.70 (1.33-2.19), I2 97%] users were more likely to die during hospitalization. Sulfonylurea, thiazolidinedione, and alpha-glucosidase inhibitor were mortality neutral [0.92 (95% CI 0.83-1.01, I2 44%), 0.90 (95% CI 0.71-1.14, I2 46%), and 0.61 (95% CI 0.26-1.45, I2 77%), respectively]. The sensitivity analysis indicated that our findings were robust. CONCLUSIONS Metformin, GLP-1RA, and SGLT-2i were associated with lower mortality rate in patients with COVID-19 having type 2 diabetes. DPP-4i and insulin were linked to increased mortality. Sulfonylurea, thiazolidinedione, and alpha-glucosidase inhibitors were mortality neutral. These findings can have a large impact on the clinicians' decisions amid the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nam Nhat Nguyen
- College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Dung Si Ho
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pham Ngoc Thach University of Medicine, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Department of Pulmonology, Thong Nhat Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Hung Song Nguyen
- College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Program, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Dang Khanh Ngan Ho
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Yuan Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yuan Lin
- Department of Family Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Yean Chiu
- School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Research Center of Sleep Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yang-Ching Chen
- Department of Family Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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25
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Khoury E, Nevitt S, Madsen WR, Turtle L, Davies G, Palmieri C. Differences in Outcomes and Factors Associated With Mortality Among Patients With SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Cancer Compared With Those Without Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Netw Open 2022; 5:e2210880. [PMID: 35532936 PMCID: PMC9086843 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.10880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Importance SARS-CoV-2 infection has been associated with more severe disease and death in patients with cancer. However, the implications of certain tumor types, treatments, and the age and sex of patients with cancer for the outcomes of COVID-19 remain unclear. Objective To assess the differences in clinical outcomes between patients with cancer and SARS-CoV-2 infection and patients without cancer but with SARS-CoV-2 infection, and to identify patients with cancer at particularly high risk for a poor outcome. Data Sources PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases were searched for articles published in English until June 14, 2021. References in these articles were reviewed for additional studies. Study Selection All case-control or cohort studies were included that involved 10 or more patients with malignant disease and SARS-CoV-2 infection with or without a control group (defined as patients without cancer but with SARS-CoV-2 infection). Studies were excluded if they involved fewer than 10 patients, were conference papers or abstracts, were preprint reports, had no full text, or had data that could not be obtained from the corresponding author. Data Extraction and Synthesis Two investigators independently performed data extraction using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) reporting guideline. Meta-analysis was performed using a random-effects model. Main Outcomes and Measures The difference in mortality between patients with cancer and SARS-CoV-2 infection and control patients as well as the difference in outcomes for various tumor types and cancer treatments. Pooled case fatality rates, a random-effects model, and random-effects meta-regressions were used. Results A total of 81 studies were included, involving 61 532 patients with cancer. Among 58 849 patients with available data, 30 557 male individuals (52%) were included and median age ranged from 35 to 74 years. The relative risk (RR) of mortality from COVID-19 among patients with vs without cancer when age and sex were matched was 1.69 (95% CI, 1.46-1.95; P < .001; I2 = 51.0%). The RR of mortality in patients with cancer vs control patients was associated with decreasing age (exp [b], 0.96; 95% CI, 0.92-0.99; P = .03). Compared with other cancers, lung cancer (RR, 1.68; 95% CI, 1.45-1.94; P < .001; I2 = 32.9%), and hematologic cancer (RR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.31-1.54; P < .001; I2 = 6.8%) were associated with a higher risk of death. Although a higher point estimate was found for genitourinary cancer (RR, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.00-1.24; P = .06; I2 = 21.5%), the finding was not statistically significant. Breast cancer (RR, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.36-0.71; P < .001; I2 = 86.2%) and gynecological cancer (RR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.62-0.93; P = .009; I2 = 0%) were associated with a lower risk of death. Chemotherapy was associated with the highest overall pooled case fatality rate of 30% (95% CI, 25%-36%; I2 = 86.97%; range, 10%-100%), and endocrine therapy was associated with the lowest at 11% (95% CI, 6%-16%; I2 = 70.68%; range, 0%-27%). Conclusions and Relevance Results of this study suggest that patients with cancer and SARS-CoV-2 infection had a higher risk of death than patients without cancer. Younger age, lung cancer, and hematologic cancer were also risk factors associated with poor outcomes from COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Khoury
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Institute of Translational Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- University of Liverpool, School of Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Nevitt
- Department of Health Data Science, Institute of Population Health, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - William Rohde Madsen
- Department of Political Science and School of Public Policy, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Political Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lance Turtle
- Tropical and Infectious Disease Unit, Liverpool University Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Member of Liverpool Health Partners, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Gerry Davies
- Department of Clinical Infection Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Clinical Infection, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- University of Liverpool Institute of Infection and Global Health, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Carlo Palmieri
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Institute of Translational Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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Zaki A, Soomar SM, Khan DH, Shaharyar Sheikh H, Iftikhar R, Mir A, Aziz Z, Bano K, Naseer H, Chaudhry QU, Bokhari SWI, Shabbir-Moosajee M. “Outcomes of COVID-19 infection in patients with hematological malignancies- A multicenter analysis from Pakistan”. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0267139. [PMID: 35446898 PMCID: PMC9022796 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose COVID-19 infection resulting from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) began to spread across the globe in early 2020. Patients with hematologic malignancies are supposed to have an increased risk of mortality from coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) infection. From Pakistan, we report the analysis of the outcome and interaction between patient demographics and tumor subtype and COVID-19 infection and hematological malignancy. Patients and methods This multicenter, retrospective study included adult patients with a history of histologically proven hematological malignancies who were tested positive for COVID-19 via PCR presented at the oncology department of 5 tertiary care hospitals in Pakistan from February to August 2020. A patient with any known hematological malignancy who was positive for COVID-19 on RT-PCR, was included in the study. Chi-square test and Cox-regression hazard regression model was applied considering p ≤ 0.05 significant. Results A total of 107 patients with hematological malignancies were diagnosed with COVID-19, out of which 82 (76.64%) were alive, and 25 (23.36%) were dead. The significant hematological malignancy was B-cell Lymphoma in dead 4 (16.00%) and alive group 21 (25.61%), respectively. The majority of the patients in both the dead and alive group were on active treatment for hematological malignancy while they came positive for COVID-19 [21 (84.00%) & 48 (58.54%) p 0.020]. All patients in the dead group were admitted to the hospital 25 (100.00%), and among these, 14 (56.00%) were admitted in ICU with a median 11 (6–16.5) number of days. Among those who had contact exposure, the hazard of survival or death in patients with hematological malignancies and COVID-19 positive was 2.18 (CI: 1.90–4.44) times and 3.10 (CI: 2.73–4.60) times in patients with travel history compared to no exposure history (p 0.001). Conclusion Taken together, this data supports the emerging consensus that patients with hematologic malignancies experience significant morbidity and mortality resulting from COVID-19 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeeba Zaki
- Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
- Department of Oncology, The Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
- * E-mail:
| | - Salman Muhammad Soomar
- Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
- Department of Oncology, The Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Danish Hasan Khan
- Hangzhou Tigermed, Karachi, Pakistan
- Clinical Project Manager (CPM Pakistan), Hangzhou Tigermed, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Hasan Shaharyar Sheikh
- Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Lahore, Pakistan
- Consultant Medical Oncologist, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Raheel Iftikhar
- Armed Forces Bone Marrow Transplant Centre, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Ayaz Mir
- Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Bone Marrow & Stem Cell Transplant, Shifa International Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Zeba Aziz
- Hameed Latif Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan
- Medical Oncologist, Hammed Latif Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Khadija Bano
- Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Fellow Clinical Hematology Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Hafsa Naseer
- Hameed Latif Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan
- Postgraduate Resident, Hameed Latif Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Syed Waqas Imam Bokhari
- Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Lahore, Pakistan
- Medical Oncologist, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Munira Shabbir-Moosajee
- Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
- Department of Oncology, The Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
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Scarpa R, Dell'Edera A, Felice C, Buso R, Muscianisi F, Finco Gambier R, Toffolo S, Grossi U, Giobbia M, Barberio G, Landini N, Facchini C, Agostini C, Rattazzi M, Cinetto F. Impact of Hypogammaglobulinemia on the Course of COVID-19 in a Non-Intensive Care Setting: A Single-Center Retrospective Cohort Study. Front Immunol 2022; 13:842643. [PMID: 35359947 PMCID: PMC8960988 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.842643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Severity and mortality of COVID-19 largely depends on the ability of the immune system to clear the virus. Among various comorbidities potentially impacting on this process, the weight and the consequences of an antibody deficiency have not yet been clarified. Methods We used serum protein electrophoresis to screen for hypogammaglobulinemia in a cohort of consecutive adult patients with COVID-19 pneumonia, hospitalized in non-intensive care setting between December 2020 and January 2021. The disease severity, measured by a validated score and by the need for semi intensive (sICU) or intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and the 30-day mortality was compared between patients presenting hypogammaglobulinemia (HYPO) and without hypogammaglobulinemia (no-HYPO). Demographics, comorbidities, COVID-19 specific treatment during the hospital stay, disease duration, complications and laboratory parameters were also evaluated in both groups. Results We enrolled 374 patients, of which 39 represented the HYPO cohort (10.4%). In 10/39 the condition was previously neglected, while in the other 29/39 hematologic malignancies were common (61.5%); 2/39 were on regular immunoglobulin replacement therapy (IgRT). Patients belonging to the HYPO group more frequently developed a severe COVID-19 and more often required sICU/ICU admission than no-HYPO patients. IgRT were administered in 8/39 during hospitalization; none of them died or needed sICU/ICU. Among HYPO cohort, we observed a significantly higher prevalence of neoplastic affections, of active oncologic treatment and bronchiectasis, together with higher prevalence of viral and bacterial superinfections, mechanical ventilation, convalescent plasma and SARS-CoV-2 monoclonal antibodies administration during hospital stay, and longer disease duration. Multivariate logistic regression analysis and Cox proportional hazard regression confirmed the impact of hypogammaglobulinemia on the COVID-19 severity and the probability of sICU/ICU admission. The analysis of the mortality rate in the whole cohort showed no significant difference between HYPO and no-HYPO. Conclusions Hypogammaglobulinemia, regardless of its cause, in COVID-19 patients hospitalized in a non-intensive care setting was associated to a more severe disease course and more frequent admission to s-ICU/ICU, particularly in absence of IgRT. Our findings emphasize the add-value of routine serum protein electrophoresis evaluation in patients admitted with COVID-19 to support clinicians in patient care and to consider IgRT initiation during hospitalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Scarpa
- Internal Medicine I, Ca' Foncello Hospital, Azienda Unità Locale Socio Sanitaria n. 2 (AULSS2) Marca Trevigiana, Treviso, Italy.,Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Alessandro Dell'Edera
- Internal Medicine I, Ca' Foncello Hospital, Azienda Unità Locale Socio Sanitaria n. 2 (AULSS2) Marca Trevigiana, Treviso, Italy.,Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Carla Felice
- Internal Medicine I, Ca' Foncello Hospital, Azienda Unità Locale Socio Sanitaria n. 2 (AULSS2) Marca Trevigiana, Treviso, Italy.,Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Roberta Buso
- Internal Medicine I, Ca' Foncello Hospital, Azienda Unità Locale Socio Sanitaria n. 2 (AULSS2) Marca Trevigiana, Treviso, Italy
| | - Francesco Muscianisi
- Internal Medicine I, Ca' Foncello Hospital, Azienda Unità Locale Socio Sanitaria n. 2 (AULSS2) Marca Trevigiana, Treviso, Italy.,Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Renato Finco Gambier
- Internal Medicine I, Ca' Foncello Hospital, Azienda Unità Locale Socio Sanitaria n. 2 (AULSS2) Marca Trevigiana, Treviso, Italy.,Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Sara Toffolo
- Internal Medicine I, Ca' Foncello Hospital, Azienda Unità Locale Socio Sanitaria n. 2 (AULSS2) Marca Trevigiana, Treviso, Italy.,Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Ugo Grossi
- Department of Surgery, Ca' Foncello Hospital, Azienda Unità Locale Socio Sanitaria n. 2 (AULSS2) Marca Trevigiana, Treviso, Italy
| | - Mario Giobbia
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Ca' Foncello Hospital, Azienda Unità Locale Socio Sanitaria n. 2 (AULSS2) Marca Trevigiana, Treviso, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Barberio
- Laboratory Medicine, Ca' Foncello Hospital, Azienda Unità Locale Socio Sanitaria n. 2 (AULSS2) Marca Trevigiana, Treviso, Italy
| | - Nicholas Landini
- Radiology Unit, Ca' Foncello Hospital, Azienda Unità Locale Socio Sanitaria n. 2 (AULSS2) Marca Trevigiana, Treviso, Italy
| | - Cesarina Facchini
- Internal Medicine I, Ca' Foncello Hospital, Azienda Unità Locale Socio Sanitaria n. 2 (AULSS2) Marca Trevigiana, Treviso, Italy
| | - Carlo Agostini
- Internal Medicine I, Ca' Foncello Hospital, Azienda Unità Locale Socio Sanitaria n. 2 (AULSS2) Marca Trevigiana, Treviso, Italy.,Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Marcello Rattazzi
- Internal Medicine I, Ca' Foncello Hospital, Azienda Unità Locale Socio Sanitaria n. 2 (AULSS2) Marca Trevigiana, Treviso, Italy.,Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Francesco Cinetto
- Internal Medicine I, Ca' Foncello Hospital, Azienda Unità Locale Socio Sanitaria n. 2 (AULSS2) Marca Trevigiana, Treviso, Italy.,Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
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Cao C, Gan X, Hu X, Su Y, Zhang Y, Peng X. Association of active immunotherapy with outcomes in cancer patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:2062-2080. [PMID: 35271463 PMCID: PMC8954969 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic, there are growing concerns about the safety of administering immunotherapy in cancer patients with COVID-19. However, current clinical guidelines provided no clear recommendation. Methods: Studies were searched and retrieved from electronic databases. The meta-analysis was performed by employing the generic inverse-variance method. A random-effects model was used to calculate the unadjusted odds ratios (ORs) and adjusted ORs with the corresponding 95% CIs. Results: This meta-analysis included 20 articles with 6,042 cancer patients diagnosed with COVID-19. According to the univariate analysis, the acceptance of immunotherapy within 30 days before COVID-19 diagnosis did not increase the mortality of cancer patients (OR: 0.92; 95% CI: 0.68-1.25; P=0.61). Moreover, after adjusting for confounders, the adjusted OR for mortality was 0.51, with borderline significance (95% CI: 0.25-1.01; P=0.053). Similarly, the univariate analysis showed that the acceptance of immunotherapy within 30 days before COVID-19 diagnosis did not increase the risk of severe/critical disease in cancer patients (OR: 1.07; 95% CI: 0.78-1.47; P=0.66). No significant between-study heterogeneity was found in these analyses. Conclusions: Accepting immunotherapy within 30 days before the diagnosis of COVID-19 was not significantly associated with a higher risk of mortality or severe/critical disease of infected cancer patients. Further prospectively designed studies with large sample sizes are required to evaluate the present results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology/Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Xinyan Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology/Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolin Hu
- Department of Nursing, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Yonglin Su
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Xingchen Peng
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, P.R. China
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29
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Wu Q, Luo S, Xie X. The impact of anti-tumor approaches on the outcomes of cancer patients with COVID-19: a meta-analysis based on 52 cohorts incorporating 9231 participants. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:241. [PMID: 35246063 PMCID: PMC8895689 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-09320-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study was designed to investigate the impact of anti-tumor approaches (including chemotherapy, targeted therapy, endocrine therapy, immunotherapy, surgery and radiotherapy) on the outcomes of cancer patients with COVID-19. METHODS Electronic databases were searched to identify relevant trials. The primary endpoints were severe disease and death of cancer patients treated with anti-tumor therapy before COVID-19 diagnosis. In addition, stratified analyses were implemented towards various types of anti-tumor therapy and other prognostic factors. Furthermore, odds ratios (ORs) were hereby adopted to measure the outcomes with the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS As indicated in the study consisting of 9231 individuals from 52 cohorts in total, anti-tumor therapy before COVID-19 diagnosis could elevate the risk of death in cancer patients (OR: 1.21, 95%CI: 1.07-1.36, P = 0.0026) and the incidence of severe COVID-19 (OR: 1.19, 95%CI: 1.01-1.40, P = 0.0412). Among various anti-tumor approaches, chemotherapy distinguished to increase the incidence of death (OR = 1.22, 95%CI: 1.08-1.38, P = 0.0013) and severe COVID-19 (OR = 1.10, 95%CI: 1.02-1.18, P = 0.0165) as to cancer patients with COVID-19. Moreover, for cancer patients with COVID-19, surgery and targeted therapy could add to the risk of death (OR = 1.27, 95%CI: 1.00-1.61, P = 0.0472), and the incidence of severe COVID-19 (OR = 1.14, 95%CI: 1.01-1.30, P = 0.0357) respectively. In the subgroup analysis, the incidence of death (OR = 1.17, 95%CI: 1.03-1.34, P = 0.0158) raised in case of chemotherapy adopted for solid tumor with COVID-19. Besides, age, gender, hypertension, COPD, smoking and lung cancer all served as potential prognostic factors for both death and severe disease of cancer patients with COVID-19. CONCLUSIONS Anti-tumor therapy, especially chemotherapy, augmented the risk of severe disease and death for cancer patients with COVID-19, so did surgery for the risk of death and targeted therapy for the incidence of severe COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Wu
- Department of Oncology, Molecular Oncology Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No. 20, Chazhong Road, Fuzhou, 350005, Fujian, China
| | - Shuimei Luo
- Department of Oncology, Molecular Oncology Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No. 20, Chazhong Road, Fuzhou, 350005, Fujian, China
| | - Xianhe Xie
- Department of Oncology, Molecular Oncology Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No. 20, Chazhong Road, Fuzhou, 350005, Fujian, China. .,Fujian Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Cancer, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, Fujian, China.
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30
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Di Felice G, Visci G, Teglia F, Angelini M, Boffetta P. Effect of cancer on outcome of COVID-19 patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies of unvaccinated patients. eLife 2022; 11:74634. [PMID: 35171096 PMCID: PMC8956284 DOI: 10.7554/elife.74634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Since the beginning of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, cancer patients affected by COVID-19 have been reported to experience poor prognosis; however, a detailed quantification of the effect of cancer on outcome of unvaccinated COVID-19 patients has not been performed. Methods: To carry out a systematic review of the studies comparing the outcome of unvaccinated COVID-19 patients with and without cancer, a search string was devised which was used to identify relevant publications in PubMed up to December 31, 2020. We selected three outcomes: mortality, access to ICU, and COVID-19 severity or hospitalization. We considered results for all cancers combined as well as for specific cancers. We conducted random-effects meta-analyses of the results, overall and after stratification by region. We also performed sensitivity analyses according to quality score and assessed publication bias. Results: For all cancer combined, the pooled odds ratio (OR) for mortality was 2.32 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.82–2.94, I2 for heterogeneity 90.1%, 24 studies), that for ICU admission was 2.39 (95% CI 1.90–3.02, I2 0.0%, 5 studies), that for disease severity or hospitalization was 2.08 (95% CI 1.60–2.72, I2 92.1%, 15 studies). The pooled mortality OR for hematologic neoplasms was 2.14 (95% CI 1.87–2.44, I2 20.8%, 8 studies). Data were insufficient to perform a meta-analysis for other cancers. In the mortality meta-analysis for all cancers, the pooled OR was higher for studies conducted in Asia than studies conducted in Europe or North America. There was no evidence of publication bias. Conclusions: Our meta-analysis indicates a twofold increased risk of adverse outcomes (mortality, ICU admission, and severity of COVID-19) in unvaccinated COVID-19 patients with cancer compared to COVID-19 patients without cancer. These results should be compared with studies conducted in vaccinated patients; nonetheless, they argue for special effort to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with cancer. Funding: No external funding was obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Di Felice
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanni Visci
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Federica Teglia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Angelini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Boffetta
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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31
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Healthcare Disparities and Outcomes of Cancer Patients in a Community Setting from a COVID-19 Epicenter. Curr Oncol 2022; 29:1150-1162. [PMID: 35200597 PMCID: PMC8870882 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol29020098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
There have been numerous studies demonstrating how cancer patients are at an increased risk of mortality. Within New York City, our community hospital emerged as an epicenter of the first wave of the pandemic in the spring of 2020 and serves a unique population that is predominately uninsured, of a lower income, and racially/ethnically diverse. In this single institution retrospective study, the authors seek to investigate COVID-19 diagnosis, severity and mortality in patients with an active cancer diagnosis. Demographic, clinical characteristics, treatment, SARS-CoV-2 laboratory results, and outcomes were evaluated. In our community hospital during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States, patients with active cancer diagnosis appear to be at increased risk for mortality (30%) and severe events (50%) due to the SARS-CoV-2 infection compared to the general population. A higher proportion of active cancer patients with Medicaid insurance, Hispanic ethnicity, other race, and male sex had complications and death from COVID-19 infection. The pandemic has highlighted the health inequities that exist in vulnerable patient populations and underserved communities such as ours.
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32
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Mohseni Afshar Z, Hosseinzadeh R, Barary M, Ebrahimpour S, Alijanpour A, Sayad B, Hosseinzadeh D, Miri SR, Sio TT, Sullman MJM, Carson‐Chahhoud K, Babazadeh A. Challenges posed by COVID-19 in cancer patients: A narrative review. Cancer Med 2022; 11:1119-1135. [PMID: 34951152 PMCID: PMC8855916 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel coronavirus, or severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was identified as the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In early 2020, the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 the sixth public health emergency of international concern. The COVID-19 pandemic has substantially affected many groups within the general population, but particularly those with extant clinical conditions, such as having or being treated for cancer. Cancer patients are at a higher risk of developing severe COVID-19 since the malignancy and chemotherapy may negatively affect the immune system, and their immunocompromised condition also increases the risk of infection. Substantial international efforts are currently underway to develop specific methods for diagnosing and treating COVID-19. However, cancer patients' risk profiles, management, and outcomes are not well understood. Thus, the main objective of this review is to discuss the relevant evidence to understand the prognosis of COVID-19 infections in cancer patients more clearly, as well as helping to improve the clinical management of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Mohseni Afshar
- Clinical Research Development CenterImam Reza HospitalKermanshah University of Medical SciencesKermanshahIran
| | | | - Mohammad Barary
- Student Research CommitteeBabol University of Medical SciencesBabolIran
- Students’ Scientific Research Center (SSRC)Tehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Soheil Ebrahimpour
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research CenterHealth Research InstituteBabol University of Medical SciencesBabolIran
| | | | - Babak Sayad
- Clinical Research Development CenterImam Reza HospitalKermanshah University of Medical SciencesKermanshahIran
| | | | - Seyed Rouhollah Miri
- Cancer Research CenterCancer Institute of IranTehran University of Medical ScienceTehranIran
| | - Terence T. Sio
- Department of Radiation OncologyMayo ClinicPhoenixArizonaUSA
| | - Mark J. M. Sullman
- Department of Social SciencesUniversity of NicosiaNicosiaCyprus
- Department of Life and Health SciencesUniversity of NicosiaNicosiaCyprus
| | | | - Arefeh Babazadeh
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research CenterHealth Research InstituteBabol University of Medical SciencesBabolIran
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Sanvisens A, Ameijide A, Carulla M, Marcos-Gragera R. Estimates of the incidence of hematological neoplasms in Spain, 2021: Study of the Spanish Network of Cancer Registries (REDECAN). Med Clin (Barc) 2021; 158:284-290. [PMID: 34949449 DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2021.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arantza Sanvisens
- Institut de Recerca contra la Leucèmia Josep Carreras, Unitat d'Epidemiologia i Registre del Càncer de Girona, Girona, España
| | - Alberto Ameijide
- Registre del Càncer de Tarragona, Servei d'Epidemiologia i Prevenció del Càncer, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, Tarragona, España
| | - Marià Carulla
- Registre del Càncer de Tarragona, Servei d'Epidemiologia i Prevenció del Càncer, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, Tarragona, España
| | - Rafael Marcos-Gragera
- Institut de Recerca contra la Leucèmia Josep Carreras, Unitat d'Epidemiologia i Registre del Càncer de Girona, Girona, España; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), España; Unitat d'Epidemiologia i Registre del Càncer de Girona, Pla Director d'Oncologia, Institut Català d'Oncologia, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona Dr. Josep Trueta (IDIBGI), Universitat de Girona, Girona, España.
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34
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Stainer A, Amati F, Suigo G, Simonetta E, Gramegna A, Voza A, Aliberti S. COVID-19 in Immunocompromised Patients: A Systematic Review. Semin Respir Crit Care Med 2021; 42:839-858. [PMID: 34918325 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1740110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) was first identified as a novel coronavirus in Wuhan, Hubei province, central China, in December 2019, and is responsible for the 2019-to-present pandemic. According to the most recent data released by the World Health Organization, more than 200 million people have been infected by SARS-CoV-2 so far, and more than 4 million people died worldwide. Although our knowledge on SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 is constantly growing, data on COVID-19 in immunocompromised patients are still limited. The aim of the present systematic review is to describe clinical picture, disease severity, proposed treatment regimen, and response to vaccination in patients with different types and severity of immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Stainer
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy.,Respiratory Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Amati
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy.,Respiratory Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Suigo
- Respiratory Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Edoardo Simonetta
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Respiratory Department, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Gramegna
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Respiratory Department, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Voza
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy.,Emergency Medicine Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Aliberti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy.,Respiratory Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
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Shah MR, Gabel A, Beers S, Salaru G, Lin Y, Cooper DL. COVID-19 Vaccine Responses in Patients With Plasma Cell Dyscrasias After Complete Vaccination. CLINICAL LYMPHOMA, MYELOMA & LEUKEMIA 2021; 22:e321-e326. [PMID: 34872881 PMCID: PMC8580561 DOI: 10.1016/j.clml.2021.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Due to functional hypogammaglobulinemia, patients with multiple myeloma are at increased risk for infection and generally have poorer responses to vaccines. In this study, we examined antibody responses after complete COVID-19 vaccination in patients with plasma cell dyscrasias, most of whom were receiving treatment. Patients and Methods Real world study of consecutive patients with multiple myeloma and other plasma cell dyscrasias (PCD) were evaluated after complete vaccination with either the 2-shot mRNA vaccines from BioNTech and Moderna or the 1-shot adenoviral vector vaccine from Johnson & Johnson (J&J). Patients received vaccines 1-4 months before antibody testing without controlling for the type of vaccine or the timing of drug therapy. Patients with a clinical history or antibody evidence of prior infection were excluded. Antinucleocapsid and quantitative anti-spike antibody levels were measured with the Roche Elecys assay. Results Ninety-five percent of patients had detectable antibody responses. Multivariate analysis showed that higher age, ongoing anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody therapy and the J&J vaccine negatively affected quantitative response. A small number of ineffectively vaccinated patients receiving IVIG subsequently had detectable nucleocapsid and spike antibodies confirming the presence of the latter in currently administered IVIG. Conclusions Nearly all PCD had detectable anti-spike antibodies after vaccination but age, anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody therapy, and the single-shot J&J vaccine negatively affected responses. In patients who received the J&J vaccine, second doses or heterologous mRNA vaccines should be tested. Quantitative antibody testing might make future management more rational, particularly in patients with poor responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansi R Shah
- Division of Blood Disorders, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Alissa Gabel
- Division of Blood Disorders, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Stephanie Beers
- Division of Blood Disorders, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Gratian Salaru
- Division of Clinical Pathology, Robert Wood Johnson University Hospital, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Yong Lin
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Rutgers School of Public Health, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Dennis L Cooper
- Division of Blood Disorders, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ.
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Wu KS, Lin PC, Chen YS, Pan TC, Tang PL. The use of statins was associated with reduced COVID-19 mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Med 2021; 53:874-884. [PMID: 34096808 PMCID: PMC8189130 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2021.1933165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Statins are widely used to treat people with metabolic and cardiovascular disorders. The effect of statins on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is unclear. To investigate the association between statins and COVID-19 outcomes and, if possible, identify the subgroup population that benefits most from statin use. MATERIALS AND METHODS A systematic review and meta-analysis of published studies that included statin users and described COVID-19 outcomes through 10 November 2020. This study used the generic inverse variance method to perform meta-analyses with random-effects modelling. The main outcomes were evaluation of the need for invasive mechanical ventilator (IMV) support, the need for intensive care unit (ICU) care and death. All outcomes were measured as dichotomous variables. RESULTS A total of 28 observational studies, covering data from 63,537 individuals with COVID-19, were included. The use of statins was significantly associated with decreased mortality (odds ratio [OR] = 0.71, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.55-0.92, I2=72%) and the need for IMV (OR = 0.81, 95% CI: 0.69-0.95, I2=0%) but was not linked to the need for ICU care (OR = 0.91, 95% CI: 0.55-1.51, I2=66%). Subgroup analysis further identified five types of studies in which statin users had even lower odds of death. CONCLUSIONS The use of statins was significantly associated with a reduced need for IMV and decreased mortality among individuals with COVID-19. Statins may not need to be discontinued because of concern for COVID-19 on admission. Further randomized controlled trial (RCTs) are needed to clarify the causal effect between statin use and severe COVID-19 outcomes.Key messagesParticipants in five types of studies were shown to have even lower odds of death when taking statins.The use of statins was significantly associated with a reduced need for invasive mechanical ventilation and decreased all-cause mortality among individuals with COVID-19. However, statin use did not prevent participants from needing care in the intensive care unit.The results justify performing randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to validate the benefits of statins on COVID-19 outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Sheng Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung City, ROC
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, ROC
| | - Pei-Chin Lin
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung City, ROC
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, ROC
| | - Yao-Shen Chen
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, ROC
- Department of Administration, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung City, ROC
| | - Tzu-Cheng Pan
- Research Center of Medical Informatics, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung City, ROC
| | - Pei-Ling Tang
- Research Center of Medical Informatics, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung City, ROC
- Department of Health-Business Administration, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung City, ROC
- College of Nursing, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, ROC
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Kamyshnyi O, Matskevych V, Lenchuk T, Strilbytska O, Storey K, Lushchak O. Metformin to decrease COVID-19 severity and mortality: Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic potential. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 144:112230. [PMID: 34628168 PMCID: PMC8492612 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has become a serious challenge for medicine and science. Analysis of the molecular mechanisms associated with the clinical manifestations and severity of COVID-19 has identified several key points of immune dysregulation observed in SARS-CoV-2 infection. For diabetic patients, factors including higher binding affinity and virus penetration, decreased virus clearance and decreased T cell function, increased susceptibility to hyperinflammation, and cytokine storm may make these patients susceptible to a more severe course of COVID-19 disease. Metabolic changes induced by diabetes, especially hyperglycemia, can directly affect the immunometabolism of lymphocytes in part by affecting the activity of the mTOR protein kinase signaling pathway. High mTOR activity can enhance the progression of diabetes due to the activation of effector proinflammatory subpopulations of lymphocytes and, conversely, low activity promotes the differentiation of T-regulatory cells. Interestingly, metformin, an extensively used antidiabetic drug, inhibits mTOR by affecting the activity of AMPK. Therefore, activation of AMPK and/or inhibition of the mTOR-mediated signaling pathway may be an important new target for drug therapy in COVID-19 cases mostly by reducing the level of pro-inflammatory signaling and cytokine storm. These suggestions have been partially confirmed by several retrospective analyzes of patients with diabetes mellitus hospitalized for severe COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olexandr Kamyshnyi
- Department of Microbiology, Virology and Immunology, I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ternopil, Ukraine
| | - Victoriya Matskevych
- Department of Radiology and Radiation Medicine, Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine
| | - Tetyana Lenchuk
- Department of Radiology and Radiation Medicine, Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine
| | - Olha Strilbytska
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine
| | - Kenneth Storey
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Oleh Lushchak
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine; Research and Development University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine.
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Papakonstantinou E, Dragoumani K, Efthimiadou A, Palaiogeorgou AM, Pierouli K, Mitsis T, Chrousos GP, Bacopoulou F, Vlachakis D. Haematological malignancies implications during the times of the COVID-19 pandemic. Oncol Lett 2021; 22:856. [PMID: 34777590 PMCID: PMC8581473 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.13117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has complicated current healthcare services for cancer patients. Patients with haematological malignancies specifically seem vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2 infection due to their immunosuppressed status. The COVID-19 pandemic influences every step of the assessment and treatment of a haematological malignancy. Clinicians must adhere to strict policies to not spread the virus to their patients while they must also adjust their workflow for maximum productivity. These difficulties accentuate the ever-present need to improve the healthcare services for cancer patients. This improvement is needed not only to combat the problems that arose from the COVID-19 pandemic but also to establish a framework for the management of patients with haematological malignancies in potential future pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Papakonstantinou
- Laboratory of Genetics, Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantina Dragoumani
- Laboratory of Genetics, Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Aspasia Efthimiadou
- Hellenic Agricultural Organization-Demeter, Institute of Soil and Water Resources, Department of Soil Science of Athens, 14123 Lycovrisi, Greece
| | - Anastasia Marina Palaiogeorgou
- Laboratory of Genetics, Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Katerina Pierouli
- Laboratory of Genetics, Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Thanasis Mitsis
- Laboratory of Genetics, Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - George P. Chrousos
- University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health and Precision Medicine, and UNESCO Chair on Adolescent Health Care, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center of Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Flora Bacopoulou
- University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health and Precision Medicine, and UNESCO Chair on Adolescent Health Care, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Vlachakis
- Laboratory of Genetics, Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
- University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health and Precision Medicine, and UNESCO Chair on Adolescent Health Care, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center of Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
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Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance and COVID-19: a population-based cohort study. Blood Cancer J 2021; 11:191. [PMID: 34853309 PMCID: PMC8635472 DOI: 10.1038/s41408-021-00580-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) patients have increased risk of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) when infected by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), the precursor of MM has been associated with immune dysfunction which may lead to severe COVID-19. No systematic data have been published on COVID-19 in individuals with MGUS. We conducted a large population-based cohort study evaluating the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe COVID-19 among individuals with MGUS. We included 75,422 Icelanders born before 1976, who had been screened for MGUS in the Iceland Screens Treats or Prevents Multiple Myeloma study (iStopMM). Data on SARS-CoV-2 testing and COVID-19 severity were acquired from the Icelandic COVID-19 Study Group. Using a test-negative study design, we included 32,047 iStopMM participants who had been tested for SARS-CoV-2, of whom 1754 had MGUS. Among these participants, 1100 participants, tested positive, 65 of whom had MGUS. Severe COVID-19 developed in 230 participants, including 16 with MGUS. MGUS was not associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection (Odds ratio (OR): 1.05; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.81–1.36; p = 0.72) or severe COVID-19 (OR: 0.99; 95%CI: 0.52–1.91; p = 0.99). These findings indicate that MGUS does not affect the susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 or the severity of COVID-19.
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Ludwig H, Sonneveld P, Facon T, San-Miguel J, Avet-Loiseau H, Mohty M, Mateos MV, Moreau P, Cavo M, Pawlyn C, Zweegman S, Engelhardt M, Driessen C, Cook G, Dimopoulos MA, Gay F, Einsele H, Delforge M, Caers J, Weisel K, Jackson G, Garderet L, van de Donk N, Leleu X, Goldschmidt H, Beksac M, Nijhof I, Schreder M, Abildgaard N, Hajek R, Zojer N, Kastritis E, Broijl A, Schjesvold F, Boccadoro M, Terpos E. COVID-19 vaccination in patients with multiple myeloma: a consensus of the European Myeloma Network. Lancet Haematol 2021; 8:e934-e946. [PMID: 34756169 PMCID: PMC8553271 DOI: 10.1016/s2352-3026(21)00278-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Patients with multiple myeloma frequently present with substantial immune impairment and an increased risk for infections and infection-related mortality. The risk for infection with SARS-CoV-2 virus and resulting mortality is also increased, emphasising the importance of protecting patients by vaccination. Available data in patients with multiple myeloma suggest a suboptimal anti-SARS-CoV-2 immune response, meaning a proportion of patients are unprotected. Factors associated with poor response are uncontrolled disease, immunosuppression, concomitant therapy, more lines of therapy, and CD38 antibody-directed and B-cell maturation antigen-directed therapy. These facts suggest that monitoring the immune response to vaccination in patients with multiple myeloma might provide guidance for clinical management, such as administration of additional doses of the same or another vaccine, or even temporary treatment discontinuation, if possible. In those who do not exhibit a good response, prophylactic treatment with neutralising monoclonal antibody cocktails might be considered. In patients deficient of a SARS-CoV-2 immune response, adherence to measures for infection risk reduction is particularly recommended. This consensus was generated by members of the European Multiple Myeloma Network and some external experts. The panel members convened in virtual meetings and conducted an extensive literature research and evaluated recently published data and work presented at meetings, as well as findings from their own studies. The outcome of the discussions on establishing consensus recommendations for COVID-19 vaccination in patients with multiple myeloma was condensed into this Review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heinz Ludwig
- Wilhelminen Cancer Research Institute, First Department of Medicine, Center for Oncology, Hematology, and Palliative Care, Clinic Ottakring, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Pieter Sonneveld
- Erasmus Medical Center Cancer Institute-Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Thierry Facon
- University of Lille, CHU Lille, Service des Maladies du Sang, Lille, France
| | - Jesus San-Miguel
- Clínica Universidad de Navarra, CIMA, CIBERONC, IDISNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | | | - Mohamad Mohty
- Service d'Hematologie Clinique et Therapie Cellulaire, Hopital Saint-Antoine, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Sorbonne University, INSERM Unite Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 938, Paris, France
| | - Maria-Victoria Mateos
- Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (Universidad de Salamanca-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas), CIBERONC, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Philippe Moreau
- Department of Hematology, University hospital Hotel-Dieu, Nantes, France
| | - Michele Cavo
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Istituto di Ematologia "Seràgnoli", Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica, Diagnostica e Sperimentale, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Charlotte Pawlyn
- Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK; Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
| | - Sonja Zweegman
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, VU University, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Monika Engelhardt
- Department of Medicine I and Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Stem-Cell Transplantation, Clinical Cancer Research Group, University Hospital of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Driessen
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Kantonsspital St Gallen, St Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Gordon Cook
- Leeds Institute of Clinical Trial Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Melitios A Dimopoulos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Francesca Gay
- Myeloma Unit, Division of Hematology, University of Torino, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza, Torino, Italy
| | - Hermann Einsele
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Jo Caers
- Department of Hematology, CHU de Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Katja Weisel
- Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf II, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Graham Jackson
- Northern Centre for Cancer Care, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Laurent Garderet
- Sorbonne Université-INSERM, UMR-S 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine-Team Hematopoietic and leukemic development, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié Salpetrière, Département d'Hématologie et de Thérapie Cellulaire, Paris, France
| | - Niels van de Donk
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, VU University, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Xavier Leleu
- CHU Poitiers, Poitiers, France; Inserm, Poitiers, France
| | - Hartmut Goldschmidt
- University Hospital Heidelberg, Internal Medicine V and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Meral Beksac
- Department of Hematology, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Inger Nijhof
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, VU University, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Martin Schreder
- First Department of Medicine, Center for Oncology, Hematology, and Palliative Care, Clinic Ottakring, Vienna, Austria
| | - Niels Abildgaard
- Hematology Research Unit, Department of Hematology, Odense University Hospital, and Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Roman Hajek
- Department of Hematooncology, University Hospital Ostrava and Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Niklas Zojer
- First Department of Medicine, Center for Oncology, Hematology, and Palliative Care, Clinic Ottakring, Vienna, Austria
| | - Efstathios Kastritis
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Annemiek Broijl
- Erasmus Medical Center Cancer Institute-Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Mario Boccadoro
- KG Jebsen Center for B Cell Malignancies, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; European Myeloma Network (EMN) Italy, Torino, Italy
| | - Evangelos Terpos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Hagihara M, Ohara S, Uchida T, Inoue M. Practical management of patients with hematological diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan. Int J Hematol 2021; 114:709-718. [PMID: 34669154 PMCID: PMC8527309 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-021-03175-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests cannot always detect the SARS-CoV-2 virus, possibly due to differences in sensitivity between sample types. Under these circumstances, immunochromatography may serve as an alternative method to detect anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies that indicate a history of infection. In our analysis of patients with severe COVID-19 infection, we found that 14 of 19 serum samples were positive for IgG antibodies, whereas 6 of 10 samples from patients with asymptomatic or mild cases were negative. Two patients with immune thrombocytopenia who were treated with prednisolone experienced aggressive COVID-19-related respiratory failure and eventually died. Patients not in remission and those who received steroid-based chemotherapy had a higher risk of death, and patients with lymphoid malignancies including lymphoma and myeloma died in larger numbers than those with myeloid malignancies. A stricter cohorting strategy based on repeat PCR tests or isolation to a private room should be adopted in routine care in hematology departments to prevent viral spread to the environment.
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Kılıçaslan E, Erdoğan Özünal I, Elibol T, Öztürk E. Are Hematologic Patients Trojan Horse for COVID-19? Indian J Hematol Blood Transfus 2021; 38:529-535. [PMID: 34667375 PMCID: PMC8517942 DOI: 10.1007/s12288-021-01498-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) which is caused by severe acute respiratory distress syndrome virus (SARS-CoV-2) continues to affect people all around the world. This study aimed to compare the SARS-CoV-2 viral shedding time between patients diagnosed with hematologic diseases (HD) and a control group. A total of 110 patients were enrolled in this retrospective study; 55 patients with a diagnosis of HD and 55 sex and comorbidity matched controls without a diagnosis of HD, who caught COVID-19 at the same period. Thirty-eight patients were hospitalized in each group. Viral shedding time, COVID-19 severity, need for intensive care unit support, and mortality rates were compared between groups. Median viral shedding time was 24 days in hospitalized HD patients and 12 days in the hospitalized control group (p < 0.01) as 20 days in outpatient HD patients and 10 days in the outpatient control group (p = 0.02). Viral shedding time was longer in severe + critical COVID-19 cases in the whole cohort (median 22 days in severe + critical, and 12 days in mild + moderate) (p < 0.01). Severe + critical COVID-19 was more common in the HD group than the control group (47.2% versus 25.4%, respectively) (p = 0.017). Twenty-five patients were dead in the whole cohort. One patient was in the control group and 24 patients were in the HD group, therefore the mortality rate for the HD group was 43.6%. Because of statistically significant longer viral shedding time, longer-term isolation may be necessary for hematologic patients diagnosed with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emrah Kılıçaslan
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Işıl Erdoğan Özünal
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tayfun Elibol
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Erman Öztürk
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Zervou FN, Ali NM, Neumann HJ, Madan RP, Mehta SA. SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses in solid organ transplant recipients. Transpl Infect Dis 2021; 23:e13728. [PMID: 34505324 PMCID: PMC8646321 DOI: 10.1111/tid.13728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Antibody responses among immunocompromised solid organ transplant recipients (SOT) infected with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) may be diminished compared to the general population and have not been fully characterized. We conducted a cohort study at our transplant center to investigate the rate of seroconversion for SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies among SOT recipients who were diagnosed with Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and underwent serum SARS-CoV-2 IgG enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) testing. The 61 patients who were included in the final analysis underwent initial SARS-CoV-2 IgG testing at a median of 62 days (Interquartile range 55.0-75.0) from symptom onset. Note that, 51 of 61 patients (83.6%) had positive SARS-CoV-2 IgG results, whereas 10 (16.4%) had negative IgG results. Six (60%) out of 10 seronegative patients underwent serial IgG testing and remained seronegative up to 17 weeks post-diagnosis. Use of belatacept in maintenance immunosuppression was significantly associated with negative IgG antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 both in univariate and multivariate analyses (Odds ratio 0.04, p = .01). In conclusion, the majority of organ transplant recipients with COVID-19 in our study developed SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Further longitudinal studies of the durability and immunologic role of these IgG responses and the factors associated with lack of seroconversion are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fainareti N. Zervou
- Department of MedicineGrossman School of MedicineNew York UniversityNew York CityNew YorkUSA
| | - Nicole M. Ali
- Department of MedicineGrossman School of MedicineNew York UniversityNew York CityNew YorkUSA
- Langone Transplant InstituteNew York UniversityNew York CityNew YorkUSA
| | - Henry J. Neumann
- Department of MedicineGrossman School of MedicineNew York UniversityNew York CityNew YorkUSA
- Langone Transplant InstituteNew York UniversityNew York CityNew YorkUSA
| | - Rebecca Pellett Madan
- Department of MedicineGrossman School of MedicineNew York UniversityNew York CityNew YorkUSA
- Langone Transplant InstituteNew York UniversityNew York CityNew YorkUSA
- Department of PediatricsNew York CityNew YorkUSA
| | - Sapna A. Mehta
- Department of MedicineGrossman School of MedicineNew York UniversityNew York CityNew YorkUSA
- Langone Transplant InstituteNew York UniversityNew York CityNew YorkUSA
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Chan WY, Sanchez E, Chavda SJ, Lecat CSY, Ainley L, Xu K, Wisniowski B, Mahmood S, Papanikolaou X, Kyriakou C, Sive J, Wechalekar A, Popat R, Rabin N, Lee L, Nastouli E, Yong KL. Development of antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 following asymptomatic infection in patients with plasma cell disorders on immunomodulatory therapy. Br J Haematol 2021; 194:857-861. [PMID: 34323287 PMCID: PMC8444933 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.17441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yee Chan
- Department of HaematologyUniversity College London Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
- Research Department of HaematologyUCL Cancer InstituteLondonUK
| | - Emilie Sanchez
- Department of Clinical VirologyUniversity College London Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
| | - Selina J. Chavda
- Department of HaematologyUniversity College London Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
- Research Department of HaematologyUCL Cancer InstituteLondonUK
| | - Catherine S. Y. Lecat
- Department of HaematologyUniversity College London Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
- Research Department of HaematologyUCL Cancer InstituteLondonUK
| | - Louise Ainley
- Department of HaematologyUniversity College London Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
- Research Department of HaematologyUCL Cancer InstituteLondonUK
| | - Ke Xu
- Department of HaematologyUniversity College London Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
| | - Brendan Wisniowski
- Department of HaematologyUniversity College London Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
| | - Shameem Mahmood
- Department of HaematologyUniversity College London Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
| | - Xenofon Papanikolaou
- Department of HaematologyUniversity College London Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
| | - Charalampia Kyriakou
- Department of HaematologyUniversity College London Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
| | - Jonathan Sive
- Department of HaematologyUniversity College London Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
| | - Ashutosh Wechalekar
- Department of HaematologyUniversity College London Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
| | - Rakesh Popat
- Department of HaematologyUniversity College London Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
| | - Neil Rabin
- Department of HaematologyUniversity College London Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
| | - Lydia Lee
- Department of HaematologyUniversity College London Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
- Research Department of HaematologyUCL Cancer InstituteLondonUK
| | - Eleni Nastouli
- Department of Clinical VirologyUniversity College London Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
| | - Kwee L. Yong
- Department of HaematologyUniversity College London Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
- Research Department of HaematologyUCL Cancer InstituteLondonUK
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45
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Nadkarni AR, Vijayakumaran SC, Gupta S, Divatia JV. Mortality in Cancer Patients With COVID-19 Who Are Admitted to an ICU or Who Have Severe COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. JCO Glob Oncol 2021; 7:1286-1305. [PMID: 34406802 PMCID: PMC8457815 DOI: 10.1200/go.21.00072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
There are scarce data to aid in prognostication of the outcome of critically ill cancer patients with COVID-19. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we investigated the mortality of critically ill cancer patients with COVID-19. In 28 studies, pooled mortality in cancer patients with COVID-19 admitted to an ICU was not prohibitively high (60%)![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Amogh Rajeev Nadkarni
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Swapna C Vijayakumaran
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Sudeep Gupta
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Jigeeshu V Divatia
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
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Li Y, Yang X, Yan P, Sun T, Zeng Z, Li S. Metformin in Patients With COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:704666. [PMID: 34490296 PMCID: PMC8416892 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.704666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Importance/Background: The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic is a critical public health issue. Evidence has shown that metformin favorably influences COVID-19 outcomes. This study aimed to assess the benefits and risks of metformin in COVID-19 patients. Methods: We searched the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Chinese Biomedical Literature Database from inception to February 18, 2021. Observational studies assessing the association between metformin use and the outcomes of COVID-19 patients were included. The primary outcome was mortality, and the secondary outcomes included intubation, deterioration, and hospitalization. Random-effects weighted models were used to pool the specific effect sizes. Subgroup analyses were conducted by stratifying the meta-analysis by region, diabetic status, the adoption of multivariate model, age, risk of bias, and timing for adding metformin. Results: We identified 28 studies with 2,910,462 participants. Meta-analysis of 19 studies showed that metformin is associated with 34% lower COVID-19 mortality [odds ratio (OR), 0.66; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.56-0.78; I 2 = 67.9%] and 27% lower hospitalization rate (pooled OR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.53-1.00; I 2 = 16.8%). However, we did not identify any subgroup effects. The meta-analysis did not identify statistically significant association between metformin and intubation and deterioration of COVID-19 (OR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.77-1.16; I 2 = 0.0% for intubation and OR, 2.04; 95% CI, 0.65-6.34; I 2 = 79.4% for deterioration of COVID-19), respectively. Conclusions: Metformin use among COVID-19 patients was associated with a reduced risk of mortality and hospitalization. Our findings suggest a relative benefit for metformin use in nursing home and hospitalized COVID-19 patients. However, randomized controlled trials are warranted to confirm the association between metformin use and COVID-19 outcomes. Study Registration: The study was registered on the PROSPERO on Feb 23, 2021 (CRD42021238722).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Li
- “Double First-Class” Construction Office, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xue Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Peijing Yan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tong Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhi Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Sheyu Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Guideline and Rapid Recommendation, Chinese Evidence-Based Medicine Center, Cochrane China Center and MAGIC China Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Poly TN, Islam MM, Li YC(J, Lin MC, Hsu MH, Wang YC. Metformin Use Is Associated with Decreased Mortality in COVID-19 Patients with Diabetes: Evidence from Retrospective Studies and Biological Mechanism. J Clin Med 2021; 10:3507. [PMID: 34441802 PMCID: PMC8397144 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10163507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) increases hyperinflammatory state, leading to acute lung damage, hyperglycemia, vascular endothelial damage, and a higher mortality rate. Metformin is a first-line treatment for type 2 diabetes and is known to have anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects. Previous studies have shown that metformin use is associated with decreased risk of mortality among patients with COVID-19; however, the results are still inconclusive. This study investigated the association between metformin and the risk of mortality among diabetes patients with COVID-19. METHODS Data were collected from online databases such as PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, and Web of Science, and reference from the most relevant articles. The search and collection of relevant articles was carried out between 1 February 2020, and 20 June 2021. Two independent reviewers extracted information from selected studies. The random-effects model was used to estimate risk ratios (RRs), with a 95% confidence interval. RESULTS A total of 16 studies met all inclusion criteria. Diabetes patients given metformin had a significantly reduced risk of mortality (RR, 0.65; 95% CI: 0.54-0.80, p < 0.001, heterogeneity I2 = 75.88, Q = 62.20, and τ2 = 0.06, p < 0.001) compared with those who were not given metformin. Subgroup analyses showed that the beneficial effect of metformin was higher in the patients from North America (RR, 0.43; 95% CI: 0.26-0.72, p = 0.001, heterogeneity I2 = 85.57, Q = 34.65, τ2 = 0.31) than in patients from Europe (RR, 0.67; 95% CI: 0.47-0.94, p = 0.02, heterogeneity I2 = 82.69, Q = 23.11, τ2 = 0.10) and Asia (RR, 0.90; 95% CI: 0.43-1.86, p = 0.78, heterogeneity I2 = 64.12, Q = 11.15, τ2 = 0.40). CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis shows evidence that supports the theory that the use of metformin is associated with a decreased risk of mortality among diabetes patients with COVID-19. Randomized control trials with a higher number of participants are warranted to assess the effectiveness of metformin for reducing the mortality of COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahmina Nasrin Poly
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan; (T.N.P.); (M.M.I.); (Y.-C.L.); (M.-C.L.)
- International Center for Health Information Technology (ICHIT), Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
- Research Center of Big Data and Meta-Analysis, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
| | - Md. Mohaimenul Islam
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan; (T.N.P.); (M.M.I.); (Y.-C.L.); (M.-C.L.)
- International Center for Health Information Technology (ICHIT), Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
- Research Center of Big Data and Meta-Analysis, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chuan (Jack) Li
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan; (T.N.P.); (M.M.I.); (Y.-C.L.); (M.-C.L.)
- International Center for Health Information Technology (ICHIT), Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
- Research Center of Big Data and Meta-Analysis, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
- Department of Dermatology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei 116081, Taiwan
- TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chin Lin
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan; (T.N.P.); (M.M.I.); (Y.-C.L.); (M.-C.L.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
- Professional Master Program in Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
| | - Min-Huei Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Data Science, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan;
| | - Yao-Chin Wang
- Department of Emergency, Min-Sheng General Hospital, Taoyuan 33044, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Injury Prevention and Control, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
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Cai Z, Yang Y, Zhang J. Obesity is associated with severe disease and mortality in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a meta-analysis. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:1505. [PMID: 34348687 PMCID: PMC8334342 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-11546-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to global research to predict those who are at greatest risk of developing severe disease and mortality. The aim of this meta-analysis was to determine the associations between obesity and the severity of and mortality due to COVID-19. Methods We searched the PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library and Web of Science databases for studies evaluating the associations of obesity with COVID-19. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using random- or fixed-effects models. Meta-regression analyses were conducted to estimate regression coefficients. Results Forty-six studies involving 625,153 patients were included. Compared with nonobese patients, obese patients had a significantly increased risk of infection. (OR 2.73, 95% CI 1.53–4.87; I2 = 96.8%), hospitalization (OR 1.72, 95% CI 1.55–1.92; I2 = 47.4%), clinically severe disease (OR 3.81, 95% CI 1.97–7.35; I2 = 57.4%), mechanical ventilation (OR 1.66, 95% CI 1.42–1.94; I2 = 41.3%), intensive care unit (ICU) admission (OR 2.25, 95% CI 1.55–3.27; I2 = 71.5%), and mortality (OR 1.61, 95% CI 1.29–2.01; I2 = 83.1%). Conclusion Patients with obesity may have a greater risk of infection, hospitalization, clinically severe disease, mechanical ventilation, ICU admission, and mortality due to COVID-19. Therefore, it is important to increase awareness of these associations with obesity in COVID-19 patients. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-021-11546-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixin Cai
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Yan Yang
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel López-Candales
- Cardiovascular Medicine Division, Truman Medical Center, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas, MO, USA
| | - Pankaj Mathur
- Department of Medicine, Cardiology Division, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and Cardiology Division, University of Arkansas for Medical Center, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Jack Xu
- Department of Medicine, Cardiology Division, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and Cardiology Division, University of Arkansas for Medical Center, Little Rock, AR, USA
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50
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Senefeld JW, Klassen SA, Ford SK, Senese KA, Wiggins CC, Bostrom BC, Thompson MA, Baker SE, Nicholson WT, Johnson PW, Carter RE, Henderson JP, Hartman WR, Pirofski L, Wright RS, Fairweather DL, Bruno KA, Paneth NS, Casadevall A, Joyner MJ. Use of convalescent plasma in COVID-19 patients with immunosuppression. Transfusion 2021; 61:2503-2511. [PMID: 34036587 PMCID: PMC8242637 DOI: 10.1111/trf.16525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In the absence of effective countermeasures, human convalescent plasma has been widely used to treat severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, the causative agent of novel coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19), including among patients with innate or acquired immunosuppression. However, the association between COVID-19-associated mortality in patients with immunosuppression and therapeutic use of convalescent plasma is unknown. We review 75 reports, including one large matched-control registry study of 143 COVID-19 patients with hematological malignancies, and 51 case reports and 23 case series representing 238 COVID-19 patients with immunosuppression. We review clinical features and treatment protocols of COVID-19 patients with immunosuppression after treatment with human convalescent plasma. We also discuss the time course and clinical features of recovery. The available data from case reports and case series provide evidence suggesting a mortality benefit and rapid clinical improvement in patients with several forms of immunosuppression following COVID-19 convalescent plasma transfusion. The utility of convalescent plasma or other forms of antibody therapy in immune-deficient and immune-suppressed patients with COVID-19 warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathon W. Senefeld
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative MedicineMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | - Stephen A. Klassen
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative MedicineMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | - Shane K. Ford
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative MedicineMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | - Katherine A. Senese
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative MedicineMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | - Chad C. Wiggins
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative MedicineMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | - Bruce C. Bostrom
- Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Children's Hospital of MinnesotaMinneapolisMinnesotaUSA
| | | | - Sarah E. Baker
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative MedicineMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | - Wayne T. Nicholson
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative MedicineMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | - Patrick W. Johnson
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo ClinicJacksonvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Rickey E. Carter
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo ClinicJacksonvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Jeffrey P. Henderson
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of MedicineWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - William R. Hartman
- Department of AnesthesiologyUniversity of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Liise‐anne Pirofski
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of MedicineAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNew YorkUSA
| | - R. Scott Wright
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Director Human Research Protection ProgramMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | | | - Katelyn A. Bruno
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineMayo ClinicJacksonvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Nigel S. Paneth
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Department of Pediatrics and Human DevelopmentMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA
| | - Arturo Casadevall
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and ImmunologyJohns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Michael J. Joyner
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative MedicineMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
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