1
|
Lou T, Lv S, Wang J, Wang D, Lin K, Zhang X, Zhang B, Guo Z, Yi Z, Li Y. Cell size and xylem differentiation regulating genes from Salicornia europaea contribute to plant salt tolerance. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024; 47:2640-2659. [PMID: 38558078 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Cell wall is involved in plant growth and plays pivotal roles in plant adaptation to environmental stresses. Cell wall remodelling may be crucial to salt adaptation in the euhalophyte Salicornia europaea. However, the mechanism underlying this process is still unclear. Here, full-length transcriptome indicated cell wall-related genes were comprehensively regulated under salinity. The morphology and cell wall components in S. europaea shoot were largely modified under salinity. Through the weighted gene co-expression network analysis, SeXTH2 encoding xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolases, and two SeLACs encoding laccases were focused. Meanwhile, SeEXPB was focused according to expansin activity and the expression profiling. Function analysis in Arabidopsis validated the functions of these genes in enhancing salt tolerance. SeXTH2 and SeEXPB overexpression led to larger cells and leaves with hemicellulose and pectin content alteration. SeLAC1 and SeLAC2 overexpression led to more xylem vessels, increased secondary cell wall thickness and lignin content. Notably, SeXTH2 transgenic rice exhibited enhanced salt tolerance and higher grain yield. Altogether, these genes may function in the succulence and lignification process in S. europaea. This work throws light on the regulatory mechanism of cell wall remodelling in S. europaea under salinity and provides potential strategies for improving crop salt tolerance and yields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tengxue Lou
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of In Vitro Diagnostic Reagent, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Sulian Lv
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, China
| | - Jinhui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Duoliya Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kangqi Lin
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zijing Guo
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ze Yi
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yinxin Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang T, Liu Y, Zou K, Guan M, Wu Y, Hu Y, Yu H, Du J, Wu D. The Analysis, Description, and Examination of the Maize LAC Gene Family's Reaction to Abiotic and Biotic Stress. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:749. [PMID: 38927685 PMCID: PMC11202975 DOI: 10.3390/genes15060749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Laccase (LAC) is a diverse group of genes found throughout the plant genome essential for plant growth and the response to stress by converting monolignin into intricate lignin formations. However, a comprehensive investigation of maize laccase has not yet been documented. A bioinformatics approach was utilized in this research to conduct a thorough examination of maize (Zea mays L.), resulting in the identification and categorization of 22 laccase genes (ZmLAC) into six subfamilies. The gene structure and motifs of each subgroup were largely consistent. The distribution of the 22 LAC genes was uneven among the maize chromosomes, with the exception of chromosome 9. The differentiation of the genes was based on fragment replication, and the differentiation time was about 33.37 million years ago. ZmLAC proteins are primarily acidic proteins. There are 18 cis-acting elements in the promoter sequences of the maize LAC gene family associated with growth and development, stress, hormones, light response, and stress response. The analysis of tissue-specific expression revealed a high expression of the maize LAC gene family prior to the V9 stage, with minimal expression at post-V9. Upon reviewing the RNA-seq information from the publicly available transcriptome, it was discovered that ZmLAC5, ZmLAC10, and ZmLAC17 exhibited significant expression levels when exposed to various biotic and abiotic stress factors, suggesting their crucial involvement in stress responses and potential value for further research. This study offers an understanding of the functions of the LAC genes in maize's response to biotic and abiotic stress, along with a theoretical basis for comprehending the molecular processes at play.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tonghan Wang
- College of Agriculture, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China; (T.W.); (K.Z.); (Y.W.); (Y.H.); (H.Y.); (J.D.)
| | - Yang Liu
- College of Resource and Environment, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China; (Y.L.); (M.G.)
| | - Kunliang Zou
- College of Agriculture, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China; (T.W.); (K.Z.); (Y.W.); (Y.H.); (H.Y.); (J.D.)
| | - Minhui Guan
- College of Resource and Environment, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China; (Y.L.); (M.G.)
| | - Yutong Wu
- College of Agriculture, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China; (T.W.); (K.Z.); (Y.W.); (Y.H.); (H.Y.); (J.D.)
| | - Ying Hu
- College of Agriculture, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China; (T.W.); (K.Z.); (Y.W.); (Y.H.); (H.Y.); (J.D.)
| | - Haibing Yu
- College of Agriculture, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China; (T.W.); (K.Z.); (Y.W.); (Y.H.); (H.Y.); (J.D.)
| | - Junli Du
- College of Agriculture, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China; (T.W.); (K.Z.); (Y.W.); (Y.H.); (H.Y.); (J.D.)
| | - Degong Wu
- College of Agriculture, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China; (T.W.); (K.Z.); (Y.W.); (Y.H.); (H.Y.); (J.D.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang S, Yuan G, Peng Z, Li X, Huang Y, Yin C, Cui L, Xiao G, Jiao Z, Wang L, Deng X, Qiu Z, Yan C. Chemical composition analysis and transcriptomics reveal the R2R3-MYB genes and phenol oxidases regulating the melanin formation in black radish. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 271:132627. [PMID: 38797290 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Melanins are dark-brown to black-colored biomacromolecules which have been thoroughly studied in animals and microorganisms. However, the biochemical and molecular basis of plant melanins are poorly understood. We first characterized melanin from the black radish (Raphanus sativus var. niger) 'HLB' through spectroscopic techniques. p-Coumaric acid was identified as the main precursor of radish melanin. Moreover, a joint analysis of transcriptome and coexpression network was performed for the two radish accessions with black and white cortexes, 'HLB' and '55'. A set of R2R3-type RsMYBs and enzyme-coding genes exhibited a coexpression pattern, and were strongly correlated with melanin formation in radish. Transient overexpression of two phenol oxidases RsLAC7 (laccase 7) or RsPOD22-1 (peroxidase 22-1) resulted in a deeper brown color around the infiltration sites and a significant increase in the total phenol content. Furthermore, co-injection of the transcriptional activator RsMYB48/RsMYB97 with RsLAC7 and/or RsPOD22-1, markedly increased the yield of black extracts. Spectroscopic analyses revealed that these extracts are similar to the melanin found in 'HLB'. Our findings advance the understanding of structural information and the transcriptional regulatory mechanism underlying melanin formation in radish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuting Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetable Ecological Cultivation on Highland, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Industrial Crops Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430063, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Enhancement and Genetic Improvement, Wuhan, Hubei 430063, China.
| | - Guoli Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Vegetable Ecological Cultivation on Highland, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Industrial Crops Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430063, China; National Key Lab for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.
| | - Zhaoxin Peng
- Key Laboratory of Vegetable Ecological Cultivation on Highland, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Industrial Crops Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430063, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Enhancement and Genetic Improvement, Wuhan, Hubei 430063, China.
| | - Xiaoyao Li
- Key Laboratory of Vegetable Ecological Cultivation on Highland, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Industrial Crops Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430063, China; National Key Lab for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.
| | - Yan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetable Ecological Cultivation on Highland, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Industrial Crops Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430063, China.
| | - Chaomin Yin
- Institute of Agro-Products Processing and Nuclear-Agricultural Technology, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China.
| | - Lei Cui
- Key Laboratory of Vegetable Ecological Cultivation on Highland, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Industrial Crops Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430063, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Enhancement and Genetic Improvement, Wuhan, Hubei 430063, China.
| | - Guilin Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Vegetable Ecological Cultivation on Highland, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Industrial Crops Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430063, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Enhancement and Genetic Improvement, Wuhan, Hubei 430063, China.
| | - Zhenbiao Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Vegetable Ecological Cultivation on Highland, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Industrial Crops Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430063, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Enhancement and Genetic Improvement, Wuhan, Hubei 430063, China.
| | - Liping Wang
- National Key Lab for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.
| | - Xiaohui Deng
- Key Laboratory of Vegetable Ecological Cultivation on Highland, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Industrial Crops Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430063, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Enhancement and Genetic Improvement, Wuhan, Hubei 430063, China.
| | - Zhengming Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetable Ecological Cultivation on Highland, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Industrial Crops Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430063, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Enhancement and Genetic Improvement, Wuhan, Hubei 430063, China.
| | - Chenghuan Yan
- Key Laboratory of Vegetable Ecological Cultivation on Highland, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Industrial Crops Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430063, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Enhancement and Genetic Improvement, Wuhan, Hubei 430063, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Khodaeiaminjan M, Gomes C, Pagano A, Kruszka D, Sulima P, Przyborowski JA, Krajewski P, Paiva JAP. Impacts of in-vitro zebularine treatment on genome-wide DNA methylation and transcriptomic profiles in Salix purpurea L. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2024; 176:e14403. [PMID: 38923551 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Renewable energy resources such as biomass are crucial for a sustainable global society. Trees are a major source of lignocellulosic biomass, which can vary in response to different environmental factors owing to epigenetic regulation, such as DNA C-methylation. To investigate the effects of DNA methylation on plant development and wood formation, and its impacts on gene expression, with a focus on secondary cell wall (SCW)-associated genes, Salix purpurea plantlets were cloned from buds derived from a single hybrid tree for both treatment and control conditions. For the treatment condition, buds were exposed to 50 μM zebularine in vitro and a combined strategy of whole-genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) and RNA-seq was employed to examine the methylome and transcriptome profiles of different tissues collected at various time points under both conditions. Transcriptomic and methylome data revealed that most of the promoter and gene body demethylation had no marked effects on the expression profiles of genes. Nevertheless, gene expression tended to decrease with the increased methylation levels of genes with highly methylated promoters. Results indicated that demethylation is less evident in centromeric regions and sex chromosomes. Promoters of secondary cell wall-associated genes, such as 4-coumarate-CoA ligase-like and Rac-like GTP-binding protein RHO, were differentially methylated in the secondary xylem samples collected from two-month potted treated plants compared to control samples. Our results provide novel insights into DNA methylation and gene expression landscapes and a basis for investigating the epigenetic regulation of wood formation in S. purpurea as a model plant for bioenergy species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mortaza Khodaeiaminjan
- Department of Integrative Plant Biology, Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Carolina Gomes
- Department of Integrative Plant Biology, Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Andrea Pagano
- Department of Integrative Plant Biology, Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Dariusz Kruszka
- Department of Biometry and Bioinformatics, Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Paweł Sulima
- Department of Genetics, Plant Breeding and Bioresource Engineering, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Jerzy Andrzej Przyborowski
- Department of Genetics, Plant Breeding and Bioresource Engineering, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Paweł Krajewski
- Department of Biometry and Bioinformatics, Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Jorge Almiro Pinto Paiva
- Department of Integrative Plant Biology, Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang Y, Luo Y, Guo X, Li Y, Yan J, Shao W, Wei W, Wei X, Yang T, Chen J, Chen L, Ding Q, Bai M, Zhuo L, Li L, Jackson D, Zhang Z, Xu X, Yan J, Liu H, Liu L, Yang N. A spatial transcriptome map of the developing maize ear. NATURE PLANTS 2024; 10:815-827. [PMID: 38745100 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-024-01683-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
A comprehensive understanding of inflorescence development is crucial for crop genetic improvement, as inflorescence meristems give rise to reproductive organs and determine grain yield. However, dissecting inflorescence development at the cellular level has been challenging owing to a lack of specific marker genes to distinguish among cell types, particularly in different types of meristems that are vital for organ formation. In this study, we used spatial enhanced resolution omics-sequencing (Stereo-seq) to construct a precise spatial transcriptome map of the developing maize ear primordium, identifying 12 cell types, including 4 newly defined cell types found mainly in the inflorescence meristem. By extracting the meristem components for detailed clustering, we identified three subtypes of meristem and validated two MADS-box genes that were specifically expressed at the apex of determinate meristems and involved in stem cell determinacy. Furthermore, by integrating single-cell RNA transcriptomes, we identified a series of spatially specific networks and hub genes that may provide new insights into the formation of different tissues. In summary, this study provides a valuable resource for research on cereal inflorescence development, offering new clues for yield improvement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuebin Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yun Luo
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xing Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, Key Laboratory of Genomics, Ministry of Agriculture, BGI Research, Shenzhen, China
- BGI Research, Wuhan, China
| | - Yunfu Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiali Yan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenwen Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, Key Laboratory of Genomics, Ministry of Agriculture, BGI Research, Shenzhen, China
- BGI Research, Wuhan, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjie Wei
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaofeng Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, Key Laboratory of Genomics, Ministry of Agriculture, BGI Research, Shenzhen, China
- China National GeneBank, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, Key Laboratory of Genomics, Ministry of Agriculture, BGI Research, Shenzhen, China
- China National GeneBank, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, Key Laboratory of Genomics, Ministry of Agriculture, BGI Research, Shenzhen, China
- China National GeneBank, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lihua Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, Key Laboratory of Genomics, Ministry of Agriculture, BGI Research, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qian Ding
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Minji Bai
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lin Zhuo
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, Key Laboratory of Genomics, Ministry of Agriculture, BGI Research, Shenzhen, China
| | - David Jackson
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| | - Zuxin Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
| | - Xun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, Key Laboratory of Genomics, Ministry of Agriculture, BGI Research, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jianbing Yan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
| | - Huan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, Key Laboratory of Genomics, Ministry of Agriculture, BGI Research, Shenzhen, China.
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Lei Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China.
| | - Ning Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Martin E, Dubessay P, Record E, Audonnet F, Michaud P. Recent advances in laccase activity assays: A crucial challenge for applications on complex substrates. Enzyme Microb Technol 2024; 173:110373. [PMID: 38091836 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2023.110373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Despite being one of the first enzymes discovered in 1883, the determination of laccase activity remains a scientific challenge, and a barrier to the full use of laccase as a biocatalyst. Indeed, laccase, an oxidase of the blue multi-copper oxidases family, has a wide range of substrates including substituted phenols, aromatic amines and lignin-related compounds. Its one-electron mechanism requires only oxygen and releases water as a reaction product. These characteristics make laccase a biocatalyst of interest in many fields of applications including pulp and paper industry, biorefineries, food, textile, and pharmaceutical industries. But to fully envisage the use of laccase at an industrial scale, its activity must be reliably quantifiable on complex substrates and in complex matrices. This review aims to describe current and emerging methods for laccase activity assays and place them in the context of a potential industrial use of the enzyme.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elise Martin
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont Auvergne INP, CNRS, Institut Pascal, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Pascal Dubessay
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont Auvergne INP, CNRS, Institut Pascal, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Eric Record
- INRAE, Aix-Marseille Université, UMR1163, Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Fabrice Audonnet
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont Auvergne INP, CNRS, Institut Pascal, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Philippe Michaud
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont Auvergne INP, CNRS, Institut Pascal, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ma JX, Wang H, Jin C, Ye YF, Tang LX, Si J, Song J. Whole genome sequencing and annotation of Daedaleopsis sinensis, a wood-decaying fungus significantly degrading lignocellulose. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 11:1325088. [PMID: 38292304 PMCID: PMC10826855 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1325088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Daedaleopsis sinensis is a fungus that grows on wood and secretes a series of enzymes to degrade cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin and cause wood rot decay. Wood-decaying fungi have ecological, economic, edible, and medicinal functions. Furthermore, the use of microorganisms to biodegrade lignocellulose has high application value. Genome sequencing has allowed microorganisms to be analyzed from the aspects of genome characteristics, genome function annotation, metabolic pathways, and comparative genomics. Subsequently, the relevant information regarding lignocellulosic degradation has been mined by bioinformatics. Here, we sequenced and analyzed the genome of D. sinensis for the first time. A 51.67-Mb genome sequence was assembled to 24 contigs, which led to the prediction of 12,153 protein-coding genes. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes database analysis of the D. sinensis data revealed that 3,831 genes are involved in almost 120 metabolic pathways. According to the Carbohydrate-Active Enzyme database, 481 enzymes are found in D. sinensis, of which glycoside hydrolases are the most abundant. The genome sequence of D. sinensis provides insights into its lignocellulosic degradation and subsequent applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Xin Ma
- Institute of Microbiology, School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Institute of Microbiology, School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Can Jin
- Institute of Microbiology, School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi-Fan Ye
- Institute of Microbiology, School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Lu-Xin Tang
- Institute of Microbiology, School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Si
- Institute of Microbiology, School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Song
- Department of Horticulture and Food, Guangdong Eco-Engineering Polytechnic, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ahlawat YK, Biswal AK, Harun S, Harman-Ware AE, Doeppke C, Sharma N, Joshi CP, Hankoua BB. Heterologous expression of Arabidopsis laccase2, laccase4 and peroxidase52 driven under developing xylem specific promoter DX15 improves saccharification in populus. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2024; 17:5. [PMID: 38218877 PMCID: PMC10787383 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-023-02452-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Secondary cell wall holds considerable potential as it has gained immense momentum to replace the lignocellulosic feedstock into fuels. Lignin one of the components of secondary cell wall tightly holds the polysaccharides thereby enhancing the recalcitrance and complexity in the biomass. Laccases (LAC) and peroxidases (PRX) are the major phenyl-oxidases playing key functions during the polymerization of monolignols into lignin. Yet, the functions of laccase and peroxidases gene families remained largely unknown. Hence, the objective of this conducted study is to understand the role of specific LAC and PRX in Populus wood formation and to further investigate how the altered Lac and Prx expression affects biomass recalcitrance and plant growth. This study of heterologous expression of Arabidopsis Lac and Prx genes was conducted in poplar to avoid any otherwise occurring co-suppression mechanism during the homologous overexpression of highly expressed native genes. In the pursuit of optimizing lignocellulosic biomass for biofuel production, the present study focuses on harnessing the enzymatic potential of Arabidopsis thaliana Laccase2, Laccase4, and Peroxidase52 through heterologous expression. RESULTS We overexpressed selected Arabidopsis laccase2 (AtLac2), laccase4 (AtLac4), and peroxidase52 (AtPrx52) genes, based on their high transcript expression respective to the differentiating xylem tissues in the stem, in hybrid poplar (cv. 717) expressed under the developing xylem tissue-specific promoter, DX15 characterized the transgenic populus for the investigation of growth phenotypes and recalcitrance efficiency. Bioinformatics analyses conducted on AtLac2 and AtLac4 and AtPrx52, revealed the evolutionary relationship between the laccase gene and peroxidase gene homologs, respectively. Transgenic poplar plant lines overexpressing the AtLac2 gene (AtLac2-OE) showed an increase in plant height without a change in biomass yield as compared to the controls; whereas, AtLac4-OE and AtPrx52-OE transgenic lines did not show any such observable growth phenotypes compared to their respective controls. The changes in the levels of lignin content and S/G ratios in the transgenic poplar resulted in a significant increase in the saccharification efficiency as compared to the control plants. CONCLUSIONS Overall, saccharification efficiency was increased by 35-50%, 21-42%, and 8-39% in AtLac2-OE, AtLac4-OE, and AtPrx52-OE transgenic poplar lines, respectively, as compared to their controls. Moreover, the bioengineered plants maintained normal growth and development, underscoring the feasibility of this approach for biomass improvement without compromising overall plant fitness. This study also sheds light on the potential of exploiting regulatory elements of DX15 to drive targeted expression of lignin-modifying enzymes, thereby providing a promising avenue for tailoring biomass for improved biofuel production. These findings contribute to the growing body of knowledge in synthetic biology and plant biotechnology, offering a sustainable solution to address the challenges associated with lignocellulosic biomass recalcitrance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yogesh K Ahlawat
- Department of Biological Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, 49931, USA
| | - Ajaya K Biswal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA30602, USA
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA30602, USA
| | - Sarahani Harun
- Centre for Bioinformatics Research, Institute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Anne E Harman-Ware
- Renewable Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
| | - Crissa Doeppke
- Renewable Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
| | - Nisha Sharma
- Microbiology Section, Department of Basic Science, Dr. Y.S Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Chandrashekhar P Joshi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, 49931, USA.
| | - Bertrand B Hankoua
- Human Ecology Department, College of Agriculture, Science, and Technology (CAST), Food Science and Biotechnology Program, 1200 N. DuPont Highway, Dover, DE, 19901, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Coman C, Hădade N, Pesek S, Silaghi-Dumitrescu R, Moț AC. Removal and degradation of sodium diclofenac via radical-based mechanisms using S. sclerotiorum laccase. J Inorg Biochem 2023; 249:112400. [PMID: 37844532 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2023.112400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
The recently isolated Sclerotinia sclerotiorum laccase was used for the degradation of sodium diclofenac, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug widely found in the aquatic environment. The Michaelis-Menten parameters, half-life of diclofenac at different pH values in presence of this enzyme and potential inhibitors were evaluated. Diclofenac-based radicals formed in presence of laccase were spin-trapped and detected using EPR spectroscopy. Almost complete diclofenac degradation (> 96%) occurred after a 30-h treatment via radical-based generated oligomers and their rapid precipitation, thus ensuring an unprecedented green formula suitable not only for degradation but also for straightforward removal of the degradation products. High performance liquid chromatography coupled with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-ion trap mass spectrometry (HPLC-APCI-MS) analyses of the degradation products of diclofenac in aqueous dosage revealed the presence of at least seven products while HR Orbitrap MS analysis showed that the enzymatic treatment produced high molecular weight metabolites through a radical oligomerization mechanism of diclofenac. The enzymatically formed products precipitated and its constituting components were also characterized using UV-vis spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Coman
- Babeș-Bolyai University, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Mihail Kogălniceanu, no. 1, Cluj-Napoca 400084, Romania
| | - Niculina Hădade
- Babeș-Bolyai University, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Mihail Kogălniceanu, no. 1, Cluj-Napoca 400084, Romania
| | - Szilárd Pesek
- Babeș-Bolyai University, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Mihail Kogălniceanu, no. 1, Cluj-Napoca 400084, Romania
| | - Radu Silaghi-Dumitrescu
- Babeș-Bolyai University, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Mihail Kogălniceanu, no. 1, Cluj-Napoca 400084, Romania.
| | - Augustin C Moț
- Babeș-Bolyai University, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Mihail Kogălniceanu, no. 1, Cluj-Napoca 400084, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Mishra A, Mishra TK, Nanda S, Mohanty MK, Dash M. A comprehensive review on genetic modification of plant cell wall for improved saccharification efficiency. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:10509-10524. [PMID: 37921982 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08886-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/05/2023]
Abstract
The focus is now on harnessing energy from green sources through sustainable technology to minimize environmental pollution. Several crop residues including rice and wheat straw are having enormous potential to be used as lignocellulosic source material for bioenergy production. The lignocellulosic feedstock is primarily composed of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin cell wall polymers. The hemicellulose and lignin polymers induce crosslinks in the cell wall, by firmly associating with cellulose microfibrils, and thereby, denying considerable access of cellulose to cellulase enzymes. This issue has been addressed by various researchers through downregulating several genes associated in monolignol biosynthesis in Arabidopsis, Poplar, Rice and Switchgrass to increase ethanol recovery. Similarly, xylan biosynthetic genes are also targeted to genetically culminate its accumulation in the secondary cell walls. Regulation of cellulose synthases (CesA) proves to be an effective tool in addressing the negative impact of these two factors. Modification in the expression of cellulose synthase aids in reducing cellulose crystallinity as well as polymerisation degree which in turn increases ethanol recovery. The engineered bioenergy crops and various fungal strains with state of art biomass processing techniques presents the most recent integrative biotechnology model for cost effective green fuels generation along with production of key value-added products with minuscule disturbances in the environment. Plant breeding strategies utilizing the existing variability for biomass traits will be key in developing dual purpose varieties. For this purpose, reorientation of conventional breeding techniques for incorporating useful biomass traits will be effective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abinash Mishra
- College of Agriculture, Odisha University of Agriculture & Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Tapas Kumar Mishra
- College of Agriculture, Odisha University of Agriculture & Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Spandan Nanda
- College of Agriculture Engineering and Technology, Odisha University of Agriculture & Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Mahendra Kumar Mohanty
- College of Agriculture Engineering and Technology, Odisha University of Agriculture & Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Manasi Dash
- College of Agriculture, Odisha University of Agriculture & Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ube N, Ishihara A, Yabuta Y, Taketa S, Kato Y, Nomura T. Molecular identification of a laccase that catalyzes the oxidative coupling of a hydroxycinnamic acid amide for hordatine biosynthesis in barley. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 115:1037-1050. [PMID: 37163295 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Plants produce dimerized phenolic compounds as secondary metabolites. Hordatine A (HA), a dehydrodimer of p-coumaroylagmatine (pCA), is an antifungal compound accumulated at high levels in young barley (Hordeum vulgare) seedlings. The enzyme responsible for the oxidative dimerization of pCA, which is the final step of the hordatine biosynthetic pathway, has not been identified. In this study, we first verified the presence of this enzyme activity in the crude extract of barley seedlings. Because the enzyme activity was not dependent on H2 O2 , the responsible enzyme was not peroxidase, which was previously implicated in HA biosynthesis. The analysis of the dissection lines of wheat (Triticum aestivum) carrying aberrant barley 2H chromosomes detected HA in the wheat lines carrying the distal part of the 2H short arm. This chromosomal region contains two laccase genes (HvLAC1 and HvLAC2) that are highly expressed at the seedling stage and may encode enzymes that oxidize pCA during the formation of HA. Changes in the HvLAC transcript levels coincided with the changes in the HA biosynthesis-related enzyme activities in the crude extract and the HA content in barley seedlings. Moreover, HvLAC genes were heterologously expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves and in bamboo (Phyllostachys nigra) suspension cells and HA biosynthetic activities were detected in the crude extract of transformed N. benthamiana leaves and bamboo suspension cells. The HA formed by the enzymatic reaction had the same stereo-configuration as the naturally occurring HA. These results demonstrate that HvLAC enzymes mediate the oxidative coupling of pCA during HA biosynthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Ube
- Biotechnology Research Center and Department of Biotechnology, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama, 939-0398, Japan
| | - Atsushi Ishihara
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-cho Minami, Tottori, 680-8553, Japan
| | - Yukinori Yabuta
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-cho Minami, Tottori, 680-8553, Japan
| | - Shin Taketa
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, 2-20-1 Chuo, Kurashiki, Okayama, 710-0046, Japan
| | - Yasuo Kato
- Biotechnology Research Center and Department of Biotechnology, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama, 939-0398, Japan
| | - Taiji Nomura
- Biotechnology Research Center and Department of Biotechnology, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama, 939-0398, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhang H, Zhou J, Kou X, Liu Y, Zhao X, Qin G, Wang M, Qian G, Li W, Huang Y, Wang X, Zhao Z, Li S, Wu X, Jiang L, Feng X, Zhu JK, Li L. Syntaxin of plants71 plays essential roles in plant development and stress response via regulating pH homeostasis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1198353. [PMID: 37342145 PMCID: PMC10277689 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1198353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
SYP71, a plant-specific Qc-SNARE with multiple subcellular localization, is essential for symbiotic nitrogen fixation in nodules in Lotus, and is implicated in plant resistance to pathogenesis in rice, wheat and soybean. Arabidopsis SYP71 is proposed to participate in multiple membrane fusion steps during secretion. To date, the molecular mechanism underlying SYP71 regulation on plant development remains elusive. In this study, we clarified that AtSYP71 is essential for plant development and stress response, using techniques of cell biology, molecular biology, biochemistry, genetics, and transcriptomics. AtSYP71-knockout mutant atsyp71-1 was lethal at early development stage due to the failure of root elongation and albinism of the leaves. AtSYP71-knockdown mutants, atsyp71-2 and atsyp71-3, had short roots, delayed early development, and altered stress response. The cell wall structure and components changed significantly in atsyp71-2 due to disrupted cell wall biosynthesis and dynamics. Reactive oxygen species homeostasis and pH homeostasis were also collapsed in atsyp71-2. All these defects were likely resulted from blocked secretion pathway in the mutants. Strikingly, change of pH value significantly affected ROS homeostasis in atsyp71-2, suggesting interconnection between ROS and pH homeostasis. Furthermore, we identified AtSYP71 partners and propose that AtSYP71 forms distinct SNARE complexes to mediate multiple membrane fusion steps in secretory pathway. Our findings suggest that AtSYP71 plays an essential role in plant development and stress response via regulating pH homeostasis through secretory pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Jingwen Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaoyue Kou
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Yuqi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaonan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guochen Qin
- Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Peking University, Weifang, China
| | - Mingyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Guangtao Qian
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Wen Li
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Yongshun Huang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaoting Wang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhenjie Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Shuang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaoqian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Lixi Jiang
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xianzhong Feng
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Jian-Kang Zhu
- Institute of Advanced Biotechnology and School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Center for Advanced Bioindustry Technologies, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lixin Li
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Singh AK, Iqbal HMN, Cardullo N, Muccilli V, Fern'andez-Lucas J, Schmidt JE, Jesionowski T, Bilal M. Structural insights, biocatalytic characteristics, and application prospects of lignin-modifying enzymes for sustainable biotechnology-A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023:124968. [PMID: 37217044 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Lignin modifying enzymes (LMEs) have gained widespread recognition in depolymerization of lignin polymers by oxidative cleavage. LMEs are a robust class of biocatalysts that include lignin peroxidase (LiP), manganese peroxidase (MnP), versatile peroxidase (VP), laccase (LAC), and dye-decolorizing peroxidase (DyP). Members of the LMEs family act on phenolic, non-phenolic substrates and have been widely researched for valorization of lignin, oxidative cleavage of xenobiotics and phenolics. LMEs implementation in the biotechnological and industrial sectors has sparked significant attention, although its potential future applications remain underexploited. To understand the mechanism of LMEs in sustainable pollution mitigation, several studies have been undertaken to assess the feasibility of LMEs in correlating to diverse pollutants for binding and intermolecular interactions at the molecular level. However, further investigation is required to fully comprehend the underlying mechanism. In this review we presented the key structural and functional features of LMEs, including the computational aspects, as well as the advanced applications in biotechnology and industrial research. Furthermore, concluding remarks and a look ahead, the use of LMEs coupled with computational frameworks, built upon artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML), has been emphasized as a recent milestone in environmental research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anil Kumar Singh
- Environmental Microbiology Laboratory, Environmental Toxicology Group CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Hafiz M N Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
| | - Nunzio Cardullo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Catania, V.le A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Vera Muccilli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Catania, V.le A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Jesús Fern'andez-Lucas
- Applied Biotechnology Group, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Urbanizaci'on El Bosque, 28670 Villaviciosa de Od'on, Spain; Grupo de Investigaci'on en Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, GICNEX, Universidad de la Costa, CUC, Calle 58 # 55-66, 080002 Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Jens Ejbye Schmidt
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Environmental Technology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Teofil Jesionowski
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, PL-60965 Poznan, Poland
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, PL-60965 Poznan, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Hashemipetroudi SH, Arab M, Heidari P, Kuhlmann M. Genome-wide analysis of the laccase (LAC) gene family in Aeluropus littoralis: A focus on identification, evolution and expression patterns in response to abiotic stresses and ABA treatment. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1112354. [PMID: 36938021 PMCID: PMC10014554 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1112354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Laccases are plant enzymes with essential functions during growth and development. These monophenoloxidases are involved in lignin polymerization, and their expression respond to environmental stress. However, studies of laccases in some plants and fungi have highlighted that many structural and functional aspects of these genes are still unknown. Here, the laccase gene family in Aeluropus littoralis (AlLAC) is described based on sequence structure and expression patterns under abiotic stresses and ABA treatment. Fifteen non-redundant AlLACs were identified from the A. littoralis genome, which showed differences in physicochemical characteristics and gene structure. Based on phylogenetic analysis, AlLACs and their orthologues were classified into five groups. A close evolutionary relationship was observed between LAC gene family members in rice and A. littoralis. According to the interaction network, AlLACs interact more with proteins involved in biological processes such as iron incorporation into the metallo-sulfur cluster, lignin catabolism, regulation of the symbiotic process and plant-type primary cell wall biogenesis. Gene expression analysis of selected AlLACs using real-time RT (reverse transcription)-PCR revealed that AlLACs are induced in response to abiotic stresses such as cold, salt, and osmotic stress, as well as ABA treatment. Moreover, AlLACs showed differential expression patterns in shoot and root tissues. Our findings indicate that AlLACs are preferentially involved in the late response of A. littoralis to abiotic stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seyyed Hamidreza Hashemipetroudi
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biology, Genetics and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute of Tabarestan (GABIT), Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University (SANRU), Sari, Iran
- RG Heterosis, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Mozhdeh Arab
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biology, Genetics and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute of Tabarestan (GABIT), Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University (SANRU), Sari, Iran
- National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
| | - Parviz Heidari
- Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran
| | - Markus Kuhlmann
- RG Heterosis, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Bai Y, Ali S, Liu S, Zhou J, Tang Y. Characterization of plant laccase genes and their functions. Gene 2023; 852:147060. [PMID: 36423777 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.147060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Laccase is a copper-containing polyphenol oxidase found in different organisms. The multigene family that encodes laccases is widely distributed in plant genomes. Plant laccases oxidize monolignols to produce lignin which is important for plant growth and stress responses. Industrial applications of fungal and bacterial laccases are extensively explored and addressed. Recently many studies have focused on the significance of plant laccase, particularly in crop yield, and its functions in different environmental conditions. This review summarizes the transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation of plant laccase genes and their functions in plant growth and development. It especially describes the responses of laccase genes to various stresses and their contributions to plant biotic and abiotic stress resistance. In-depth explanations and scientific advances will serve as foundations for research into plant laccase genes' function, mechanism, and possible applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongsheng Bai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource & Eco-environmental Science, Longhua Institute of Innovative Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Shahid Ali
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource & Eco-environmental Science, Longhua Institute of Innovative Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, Guangdong, PR China; Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- Shaanxi Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710003, China
| | - Jiajie Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource & Eco-environmental Science, Longhua Institute of Innovative Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Yulin Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource & Eco-environmental Science, Longhua Institute of Innovative Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, Guangdong, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Liao B, Wang C, Li X, Man Y, Ruan H, Zhao Y. Genome-wide analysis of the Populus trichocarpa laccase gene family and functional identification of PtrLAC23. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1063813. [PMID: 36733583 PMCID: PMC9887407 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1063813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Biofuel is a kind of sustainable, renewable and environment friendly energy. Lignocellulose from the stems of woody plants is the main raw material for "second generation biofuels". Lignin content limits fermentation yield and is therefore a major obstacle in biofuel production. Plant laccase plays an important role in the final step of lignin formation, which provides a new strategy for us to obtain ideal biofuels by regulating the expression of laccase genes to directly gain the desired lignin content or change the composition of lignin. METHODS Multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis were used to classify PtrLAC genes; sequence features of PtrLACs were revealed by gene structure and motif composition analysis; gene duplication, interspecific collinearity and Ka/Ks analysis were conducted to identify ancient PtrLACs; expression levels of PtrLAC genes were measured by RNA-Seq data and qRT-PCR; domain analysis combine with cis-acting elements prediction together showed the potential function of PtrLACs. Furthermore, Alphafold2 was used to simulate laccase 3D structures, proLAC23::LAC23-eGFP transgenic Populus stem transects were applied to fluorescence observation. RESULTS A comprehensive analysis of the P. trichocarpa laccase gene (PtLAC) family was performed. Some ancient PtrLAC genes such as PtrLAC25, PtrLAC19 and PtrLAC41 were identified. Gene structure and distribution of conserved motifs clearly showed sequence characteristics of each PtrLAC. Combining published RNA-Seq data and qRT-PCR analysis, we revealed the expression pattern of PtrLAC gene family. Prediction results of cis-acting elements show that PtrLAC gene regulation was closely related to light. Through above analyses, we selected 5 laccases and used Alphafold2 to simulate protein 3D structures, results showed that PtrLAC23 may be closely related to the lignification. Fluorescence observation of proLAC23::LAC23-eGFP transgenic Populus stem transects and qRT-PCR results confirmed our hypothesis again. DISCUSSION In this study, we fully analyzed the Populus trichocarpa laccase gene family and identified key laccase genes related to lignification. These findings not only provide new insights into the characteristics and functions of Populus laccase, but also give a new understanding of the broad prospects of plant laccase in lignocellulosic biofuel production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Boyang Liao
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Institute of Environmental Biology and Life Support Technology, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Chencan Wang
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxu Li
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Man
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Hang Ruan
- School of Cyber Science and Technology, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhao
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Sutaoney P, Pandya S, Gajarlwar D, Joshi V, Ghosh P. Feasibility and potential of laccase-based enzyme in wastewater treatment through sustainable approach: A review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:86499-86527. [PMID: 35771325 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21565-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The worldwide increase in metropolitan cities and rise in industrialization have resulted in the assimilation of hazardous pollutants into the ecosystems. Different physical, chemical and biological techniques have been employed to remove these toxins from water bodies. Several bioprocess applications using microbes and their enzymes are utilized to achieve the goal. Biocatalysts, such as laccases, are employed explicitly to deplete a variety of organic pollutants. However, the degradation of contaminants using biocatalysts has many disadvantages concerning the stability and activity of the enzyme. Hence, they are immobilized on different supports to improve the enzyme kinetics and recyclability. Furthermore, standard wastewater treatment methods are not effective in eliminating all the contaminants. As a result, membrane separation technologies have emerged to overcome the limitations of traditional wastewater treatment methods. Moreover, enzymes immobilized onto these membranes have generated new avenues in wastewater purification technology. This review provides the latest information on laccases from diverse sources, their molecular framework and their mode of action. This report also gives information about various immobilization techniques and the application of membrane bioreactors to eliminate and biotransform hazardous contaminants. In a nutshell, laccases appear to be the most promising biocatalysts for green and cost-efficient wastewater treatment technologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Priya Sutaoney
- Center for Basic Sciences, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Srishti Pandya
- Center for Basic Sciences, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Devashri Gajarlwar
- Center for Basic Sciences, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Veenu Joshi
- Center for Basic Sciences, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Prabir Ghosh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, NIT Raipur, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
The Citrus Laccase Gene CsLAC18 Contributes to Cold Tolerance. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314509. [PMID: 36498836 PMCID: PMC9737282 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant laccases, as multicopper oxidases, play an important role in monolignol polymerization, and participate in the resistance response of plants to multiple biotic/abiotic stresses. However, little is currently known about the role of laccases in the cold stress response of plants. In this study, the laccase activity and lignin content of C. sinensis leaves increased after the low-temperature treatment, and cold treatment induced the differential regulation of 21 CsLACs, with 15 genes being upregulated and 6 genes being downregulated. Exceptionally, the relative expression level of CsLAC18 increased 130.17-fold after a 48-h treatment. The full-length coding sequence of CsLAC18 consists of 1743 nucleotides and encodes a protein of 580 amino acids, and is predominantly expressed in leaves and fruits. CsLAC18 was phylogenetically related to AtLAC17, and was localized in the cell membrane. Overexpression of CsLAC18 conferred enhanced cold tolerance on transgenic tobacco; however, virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS)-mediated suppression of CsLAC18 in Poncirus trifoliata significantly impaired resistance to cold stress. As a whole, our findings revealed that CsLAC18 positively regulates a plant's response to cold stress, providing a potential target for molecular breeding or gene editing.
Collapse
|
19
|
Abdelaziz OY, Clemmensen I, Meier S, Costa CAE, Rodrigues AE, Hulteberg CP, Riisager A. On the Oxidative Valorization of Lignin to High-Value Chemicals: A Critical Review of Opportunities and Challenges. CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202201232. [PMID: 36004569 PMCID: PMC9825943 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202201232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The efficient valorization of lignin is crucial if we are to replace current petroleum-based feedstock and establish more sustainable and competitive lignocellulosic biorefineries. Pulp and paper mills and second-generation biorefineries produce large quantities of low-value technical lignin as a by-product, which is often combusted on-site for energy recovery. This Review focuses on the conversion of technical lignins by oxidative depolymerization employing heterogeneous catalysts. It scrutinizes the current literature describing the use of various heterogeneous catalysts in the oxidative depolymerization of lignin and includes a comparison of the methods, catalyst loadings, reaction media, and types of catalyst applied, as well as the reaction products and yields. Furthermore, current techniques for the determination of product yields and product recovery are discussed. Finally, challenges and suggestions for future approaches are outlined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Omar Y. Abdelaziz
- Department of Chemical EngineeringLund UniversityNaturvetarvägen 14SE-221 00LundSweden
| | - Ida Clemmensen
- Department of ChemistryTechnical University of DenmarkKemitorvet 207DK-2800 Kgs.LyngbyDenmark
| | - Sebastian Meier
- Department of ChemistryTechnical University of DenmarkKemitorvet 207DK-2800 Kgs.LyngbyDenmark
| | - Carina A. E. Costa
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering–Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM)Department of Chemical EngineeringFaculty of EngineeringUniversity of PortoRua Dr. Roberto Frias4200-465PortoPortugal
- Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering (ALiCE)Department of Chemical EngineeringFaculty of EngineeringUniversity of PortoRua Dr. Roberto Frias4200-465PortoPortugal
| | - Alírio E. Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering–Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM)Department of Chemical EngineeringFaculty of EngineeringUniversity of PortoRua Dr. Roberto Frias4200-465PortoPortugal
- Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering (ALiCE)Department of Chemical EngineeringFaculty of EngineeringUniversity of PortoRua Dr. Roberto Frias4200-465PortoPortugal
| | | | - Anders Riisager
- Department of ChemistryTechnical University of DenmarkKemitorvet 207DK-2800 Kgs.LyngbyDenmark
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Biocatalytic Versatilities and Biotechnological Prospects of Laccase for a Sustainable Industry. Catal Letters 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-022-04134-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
|
21
|
Zhang X, Ran D, Wu P, Cao Z, Xu F, Xia N, Gao H, Jiang Y, Yang C, He N, Tang N, Chen Z. Transcriptome and metabolite profiling to identify genes associated with rhizome lignification and the function of ZoCSE in ginger ( Zingiber officinale). FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2022; 49:689-703. [PMID: 35379382 DOI: 10.1071/fp21267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) is an important spice crop in China, and fresh ginger rhizomes are consumed as vegetable in Sichuan and Chongqing. However, tissue lignification accelerates with rhizome maturation, resulting in the loss of edible quality. To understand the molecular mechanisms of texture modification during rhizome development, we investigated lignin accumulation patterns and identified the key genes associated with lignin biosynthesis using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq). Results showed that the contents of total lignin and its precursors exhibited notable declines with tissue maturation. However, the lignin composition was remarkably modified and syringyl lignin was deposited in mature rhizomes, leading to ginger lignification. Transcriptome analysis displayed 32 lignin biosynthetic genes were dramatically downregulated with rhizome development, including caffeoylshikimate esterase (CSE ), 4-coumarate-CoA ligase , laccase , cinnamoyl-CoA reductase , cinnamyl-alcohol dehydrogenase , peroxidase and caffeic acid 3-O-methyltransferase , indicating that lignin reduction might be attributed to deficiency in intermediates or the downregulation of key biosynthetic enzymes. Furthermore, overexpressing ZoCSE in Nicotiana benthamiana L. enhanced the total lignin content, suggesting its fundamental role in lignin biosynthesis. RNA-Seq also identified candidate lignin production regulators, including hormone-related genes and NAC/MYB transcription factors (ZoNAC1 , ZoNAC4 , ZoMYB14 and ZoMYB17 ). This result provides a molecular basis for lignin accumulation in ginger.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xian Zhang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Life Science, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China; and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Biotechnology, Chongqing 400000, China; and College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Dongsheng Ran
- College of Landscape Architecture and Life Science, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China
| | - Peiyin Wu
- College of Landscape Architecture and Life Science, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China; and College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Zhengyan Cao
- College of Landscape Architecture and Life Science, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China; and College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Feng Xu
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Ning Xia
- College of Landscape Architecture and Life Science, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China
| | - Hongmei Gao
- College of Landscape Architecture and Life Science, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China
| | - Ying Jiang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Life Science, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China
| | - Cheng Yang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Life Science, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China
| | - Na He
- College of Landscape Architecture and Life Science, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China
| | - Ning Tang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Life Science, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China; and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Biotechnology, Chongqing 400000, China
| | - Zexiong Chen
- College of Landscape Architecture and Life Science, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China; and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Biotechnology, Chongqing 400000, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Explosive seed dispersal depends on SPL7 to ensure sufficient copper for localized lignin deposition via laccases. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2202287119. [PMID: 35666865 PMCID: PMC9214497 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2202287119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The sudden explosion of seed pods in popping cress (Cardamine hirsuta) takes less than 3 ms to accelerate seeds away from the plant. This explosive mechanism relies on polar deposition of the cell-wall polymer lignin. To investigate the genetic basis for polar lignin deposition, we conducted a mutant screen and identified SQUAMOSA PROMOTER-BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE 7 (SPL7)—a transcriptional regulator of copper homeostasis. We discovered three multicopper laccases, LAC4, 11, and 17, that precisely colocalize with, and are required for, the polar deposition of lignin in explosive seed pods. Activity of these three laccases depends on SPL7 to acclimate to copper deficiency. Our findings demonstrate how mineral nutrition is integrated with polar lignin deposition to facilitate dispersal. Exploding seed pods evolved in the Arabidopsis relative Cardamine hirsuta via morphomechanical innovations that allow the storage and rapid release of elastic energy. Asymmetric lignin deposition within endocarpb cell walls is one such innovation that is required for explosive seed dispersal and evolved in association with the trait. However, the genetic control of this novel lignin pattern is unknown. Here, we identify three lignin-polymerizing laccases, LAC4, 11, and 17, that precisely colocalize with, and are redundantly required for, asymmetric lignification of endocarpb cells. By screening for C. hirsuta mutants with less lignified fruit valves, we found that loss of function of the transcription factor gene SQUAMOSA PROMOTER-BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE 7 (SPL7) caused a reduction in endocarpb cell-wall lignification and a consequent reduction in seed dispersal range. SPL7 is a conserved regulator of copper homeostasis and is both necessary and sufficient for copper to accumulate in the fruit. Laccases are copper-requiring enzymes. We discovered that laccase activity in endocarpb cell walls depends on the SPL7 pathway to acclimate to copper deficiency and provide sufficient copper for lignin polymerization. Hence, SPL7 links mineral nutrition to efficient dispersal of the next generation.
Collapse
|
23
|
Sun Z, Zhou Y, Hu Y, Jiang N, Hu S, Li L, Li T. Identification of Wheat LACCASEs in Response to Fusarium graminearum as Potential Deoxynivalenol Trappers. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:832800. [PMID: 35360333 PMCID: PMC8964265 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.832800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium graminearum (F. graminearum) can cause huge yield reductions and contamination of grain with deoxynivalenol (DON), and thus is one of the most problematic pathogen of wheat worldwide. Although great efforts have been paid and great achievements have been made to control the pathogens, there is still a wide gap for understanding the mechanism underlying F. graminearum resistance. Plant LACCASEs (LACs) catalyze the oxidative polymerization of monolignols by reinforcing cell-wall of various cell types to provide mechanical support, xylem sap transportation, and defense against pest and pathogens. To date, little has been known about LAC genes in bread wheat and their potential roles in wheat-F. graminearum interaction. Through systematic analysis of the genome-wide homologs and transcriptomes of wheat, a total of 95 Triticum aestivum laccases (TaLACs) were identified, and 14 of them were responsive to F. graminearum challenge. 3D structure modelings of the 14 TaLAC proteins showed that only TaLAC78 contains the entire activity center for oxidation and the others lack the type 1 copper ion ligand (T1Cu). Both amino acid sequence alignment and three-dimensional reconstruction after amino acid mutation showed that the loss of T1Cu is not only related to variation of the key amino acid coordinating T1Cu, but also closely related to the flanking amino acids. Significantly differential temporal expression patterns of TaLACs suggested that their subfunctionalization might occur. Promoter array analysis indicated that the induction of TaLACs may be closely associated with salicylic acid signaling, dehydration, and low-oxygen stress under F. graminearum infection. Molecular docking simulation demonstrated that TaLACs can not only catalyze lignin as a substrate, but also interact with DON, which may be docked into the binding position of the monolignols, where the LACs recognize substrates. The current study provides clues for exploring the novel functions of TaLACs in wheat resistance to F. graminearum, and TaLACs maybe candidates for conferring a high level of resistance against F. graminearum in wheat.
Collapse
|
24
|
Singh KBM, Jayaswal P, Chandra S, M J, Mandal PK. Comparative transcriptome profiling of Polianthes tuberosa during a compatible interaction with root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:4503-4516. [PMID: 35277786 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07294-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The root-knot nematode (RKN; Meloidogyne spp.) is the most destructive plant parasitic nematode known to date. RKN infections, especially those caused by Meloidogyne incognita, are one of the most serious diseases of tuberose. METHODS AND RESULTS To investigate the molecular mechanism in the host-pathogen interactions, the Illumina sequencing platform was employed to generate comparative transcriptome profiles of uninfected and Meloidogyne incognita-infected tuberose plants, during early, mid, and late infection stage. A total of 7.5 GB (49 million reads) and 9.3 GB (61 million reads) of high-quality data was generated for the control and infected samples, respectively. These reads were combined and assembled using the Trinity assembly program which clustered them into 1,25,060 unigenes. A total of 85,360 validated CDS were obtained from the combined transcriptome whereas 6,795 CDS and 7,778 CDS were found in the data for the control and infected samples, respectively. Gene ontology terms were assigned to 958 and 1,310 CDSs from the control and infected data, respectively. The KAAS pathway analysis revealed that 1,248 CDS in the control sample and 1,482 CDS in the infected sample were enriched with KEGG pathways. The major proportions of CDS were annotated for carbohydrate metabolism, signal transduction and translation related pathways in control and infected samples. Of the 8,289 CDS commonly expressed between the control and infected plants, 256 were significantly upregulated and 129 were significantly downregulated in the infected plants. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our results provide a comprehensive gene expression changes in tuberose during its association with RKNs and point to candidate genes that are involved in nematode stress signaling for further investigation. This is the first report addressing genes associated with M. incognita-tuberose interaction and the results have important implications for further characterization of RKN resistance genes in tuberose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kanchan B M Singh
- Division of Nematology, ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, 110012, New Delhi, India.,Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, 201313, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pawan Jayaswal
- National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, 110012, Pusa, New Delhi, India
| | - Shivani Chandra
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, 201313, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Jayanthi M
- Division of Nematology, ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, 110012, New Delhi, India.
| | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Wang S, Liang H, Wang H, Li L, Xu Y, Liu Y, Liu M, Wei J, Ma T, Le C, Yang J, He C, Liu J, Zhao J, Zhao Y, Lisby M, Sahu SK, Liu H. The chromosome-scale genomes of Dipterocarpus turbinatus and Hopea hainanensis (Dipterocarpaceae) provide insights into fragrant oleoresin biosynthesis and hardwood formation. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2022; 20:538-553. [PMID: 34687252 PMCID: PMC8882806 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Dipterocarpaceae are typical tropical plants (dipterocarp forests) that are famous for their high economic value because of their production of fragrant oleoresins, top-quality timber and usage in traditional Chinese medicine. Currently, the lack of Dipterocarpaceae genomes has been a limiting factor to decipher the fragrant oleoresin biosynthesis and gain evolutionary insights into high-quality wood formation in Dipterocarpaceae. We generated chromosome-level genome assemblies for two representative Dipterocarpaceae species viz. Dipterocarpus turbinatus Gaertn. f. and Hopea hainanensis Merr. et Chun. Our whole-genome duplication (WGD) analysis revealed that Dipterocarpaceae underwent a shared WGD event, which showed significant impacts on increased copy numbers of genes related to the biosynthesis of terpene, BAHD acyltransferases, fatty acid and benzenoid/phenylpropanoid, which probably confer to the formation of their characteristic fragrant oleoresin. Additionally, compared with common soft wood plants, the expansion of gene families was also found to be associated with wood formation, such as in CESA (cellulose synthase), CSLE (cellulose synthase-like protein E), laccase and peroxidase in Dipterocarpaceae genomes, which might also contribute to the formation of harder, stronger and high-density timbers. Finally, an integrative analysis on a combination of genomic, transcriptomic and metabolic data from different tissues provided further insights into the molecular basis of fragrant oleoresins biosynthesis and high-quality wood formation of Dipterocarpaceae. Our study contributes the first two representative genomes for Dipterocarpaceae, which are valuable genetic resources for further researches on the fragrant oleoresins and superior-quality timber, genome-assisted breeding and improvement, and conservation biology of this family.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sibo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural GenomicsBGI‐ShenzhenShenzhenChina
| | - Hongping Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural GenomicsBGI‐ShenzhenShenzhenChina
- College of Life SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Hongli Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural GenomicsBGI‐ShenzhenShenzhenChina
- College of Life SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Linzhou Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural GenomicsBGI‐ShenzhenShenzhenChina
- Department of Biotechnology and BiomedicineTechnical University of DenmarkLyngbyDenmark
| | - Yan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural GenomicsBGI‐ShenzhenShenzhenChina
- College of Life SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural GenomicsBGI‐ShenzhenShenzhenChina
| | - Min Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural GenomicsBGI‐ShenzhenShenzhenChina
| | - Jinpu Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural GenomicsBGI‐ShenzhenShenzhenChina
| | - Tao Ma
- Key Laboratory of Bio‐resource and Eco‐Environment of Ministry of EducationCollege of Life SciencesSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Cheng Le
- BGI‐Yunnan, BGI‐ShenzhenYunnanChina
| | - Jinlong Yang
- BGI‐Yunnan, BGI‐ShenzhenYunnanChina
- College of Forensic ScienceXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anChina
| | | | - Jie Liu
- Forestry Bureau of RuiliYunnan Dehong, RuiliChina
| | | | | | - Michael Lisby
- Department of BiologyUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Sunil Kumar Sahu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural GenomicsBGI‐ShenzhenShenzhenChina
| | - Huan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural GenomicsBGI‐ShenzhenShenzhenChina
- College of Life SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Wan F, Zhang L, Tan M, Wang X, Wang GL, Qi M, Liu B, Gao J, Pan Y, Wang Y. Genome-wide identification and characterization of laccase family members in eggplant ( Solanum melongena L.). PeerJ 2022; 10:e12922. [PMID: 35223206 PMCID: PMC8868016 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Laccase, as a copper-containing polyphenol oxidase, primarily functions in the process of lignin, anthocyanin biosynthesis, and various abiotic/biotic stresses. In this study, forty-eight laccase members were identified in the eggplant genome. Only forty-two laccase genes from eggplant (SmLACs) were anchored unevenly in 12 chromosomes, the other six SmLACs were mapped on unanchored scaffolds. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that only twenty-five SmLACs were divided into six different groups on the basis of groups reported in Arabidopsis. Gene structure analysis revealed that the number of exons ranged from one to 13. Motif analysis revealed that SmLACs included six conserved motifs. In aspects of gene duplication analysis, twenty-one SmLACs were collinear with LAC genes from Arabidopsis, tomato or rice. Cis-regulatory elements analysis indicated many SmLACs may be involved in eggplant morphogenesis, flavonoid biosynthesis, diverse stresses and growth/development processes. Expression analysis further confirmed that a few SmLACs may function in vegetative and reproductive organs at different developmental stages and also in response to one or multiple stresses. This study would help to further understand and enrich the physiological function of the SmLAC gene family in eggplant, and may provide high-quality genetic resources for eggplant genetics and breeding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Faxiang Wan
- Faculty of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, Jiangsu, The People’s Republic of China
| | - Linqing Zhang
- Faculty of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, Jiangsu, The People’s Republic of China
| | - Mengying Tan
- Faculty of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, Jiangsu, The People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaohua Wang
- Faculty of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, Jiangsu, The People’s Republic of China
| | - Guang-Long Wang
- Faculty of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, Jiangsu, The People’s Republic of China
| | - Mengru Qi
- Faculty of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, Jiangsu, The People’s Republic of China
| | - Bingxin Liu
- Faculty of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, Jiangsu, The People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Gao
- Faculty of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, Jiangsu, The People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Pan
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architechture, Southwest University, Chongqing, The People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongqing Wang
- The Institute of Vegetable and Flower Research, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Science, Chongqing, The People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Brugnari T, Braga DM, Dos Santos CSA, Torres BHC, Modkovski TA, Haminiuk CWI, Maciel GM. Laccases as green and versatile biocatalysts: from lab to enzyme market-an overview. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2021; 8:131. [PMID: 38650295 PMCID: PMC10991308 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-021-00484-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Laccases are multi-copper oxidase enzymes that catalyze the oxidation of different compounds (phenolics and non-phenolics). The scientific literature on laccases is quite extensive, including many basic and applied research about the structure, functions, mechanism of action and a variety of biotechnological applications of these versatile enzymes. Laccases can be used in various industries/sectors, from the environmental field to the cosmetics industry, including food processing and the textile industry (dyes biodegradation and synthesis). Known as eco-friendly or green enzymes, the application of laccases in biocatalytic processes represents a promising sustainable alternative to conventional methods. Due to the advantages granted by enzyme immobilization, publications on immobilized laccases increased substantially in recent years. Many patents related to the use of laccases are available, however, the real industrial or environmental use of laccases is still challenged by cost-benefit, especially concerning the feasibility of producing this enzyme on a large scale. Although this is a compelling point and the enzyme market is heated, articles on the production and application of laccases usually neglect the economic assessment of the processes. In this review, we present a description of laccases structure and mechanisms of action including the different sources (fungi, bacteria, and plants) for laccases production and tools for laccases evolution and prediction of potential substrates. In addition, we both compare approaches for scaling-up processes with an emphasis on cost reduction and productivity and critically review several immobilization methods for laccases. Following the critical view on production and immobilization, we provide a set of applications for free and immobilized laccases based on articles published within the last five years and patents which may guide future strategies for laccase use and commercialization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatiane Brugnari
- Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Biology, Graduate Program in Environmental Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil.
| | - Dayane Moreira Braga
- Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Biology, Graduate Program in Environmental Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Camila Souza Almeida Dos Santos
- Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Biology, Graduate Program in Environmental Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Bruno Henrique Czelusniak Torres
- Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Biology, Graduate Program in Environmental Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Tatiani Andressa Modkovski
- Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Biology, Graduate Program in Environmental Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Charles Windson Isidoro Haminiuk
- Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Biology, Graduate Program in Environmental Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Giselle Maria Maciel
- Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Biology, Graduate Program in Environmental Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Christie N, Mannapperuma C, Ployet R, van der Merwe K, Mähler N, Delhomme N, Naidoo S, Mizrachi E, Street NR, Myburg AA. qtlXplorer: an online systems genetics browser in the Eucalyptus Genome Integrative Explorer (EucGenIE). BMC Bioinformatics 2021; 22:595. [PMID: 34911434 PMCID: PMC8672637 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-021-04514-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Affordable high-throughput DNA and RNA sequencing technologies are allowing genomic analysis of plant and animal populations and as a result empowering new systems genetics approaches to study complex traits. The availability of intuitive tools to browse and analyze the resulting large-scale genetic and genomic datasets remain a significant challenge. Furthermore, these integrative genomics approaches require innovative methods to dissect the flow and interconnectedness of biological information underlying complex trait variation. The Plant Genome Integrative Explorer (PlantGenIE.org) is a multi-species database and domain that houses online tools for model and woody plant species including Eucalyptus. Since the Eucalyptus Genome Integrative Explorer (EucGenIE) is integrated within PlantGenIE, it shares genome and expression analysis tools previously implemented within the various subdomains (ConGenIE, PopGenIE and AtGenIE). Despite the success in setting up integrative genomics databases, online tools for systems genetics modelling and high-resolution dissection of complex trait variation in plant populations have been lacking. RESULTS We have developed qtlXplorer ( https://eucgenie.org/QTLXplorer ) for visualizing and exploring systems genetics data from genome-wide association studies including quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and expression-based QTL (eQTL) associations. This module allows users to, for example, find co-located QTLs and eQTLs using an interactive version of Circos, or explore underlying genes using JBrowse. It provides users with a means to build systems genetics models and generate hypotheses from large-scale population genomics data. We also substantially upgraded the EucGenIE resource and show how it enables users to combine genomics and systems genetics approaches to discover candidate genes involved in biotic stress responses and wood formation by focusing on two multigene families, laccases and peroxidases. CONCLUSIONS qtlXplorer adds a new dimension, population genomics, to the EucGenIE and PlantGenIE environment. The resource will be of interest to researchers and molecular breeders working in Eucalyptus and other woody plant species. It provides an example of how systems genetics data can be integrated with functional genetics data to provide biological insight and formulate hypotheses. Importantly, integration within PlantGenIE enables novel comparative genomics analyses to be performed from population-scale data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nanette Christie
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private bag X20, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa.
| | - Chanaka Mannapperuma
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, 907 81, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Raphael Ployet
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private bag X20, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
| | - Karen van der Merwe
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private bag X20, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
| | - Niklas Mähler
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, 907 81, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Nicolas Delhomme
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 83, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Sanushka Naidoo
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private bag X20, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
| | - Eshchar Mizrachi
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private bag X20, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
| | - Nathaniel R Street
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, 907 81, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Alexander A Myburg
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private bag X20, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Malhotra M, Suman SK. Laccase-mediated delignification and detoxification of lignocellulosic biomass: removing obstacles in energy generation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:58929-58944. [PMID: 33712950 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13283-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The rising global population and worldwide industrialization have led to unprecedented energy demand that is causing fast depletion of fossil reserves. This has led to search for alternative energy sources that are renewable and environment friendly. Use of lignocellulosic biomass for energy generation is considered a promising approach as it does not compete with food supply. However, the lignin component of the biomass acts as a natural barrier that prevents its efficient utilization. In order to remove the lignin and increase the amount of fermentable sugars, the lignocellulosic biomass is pretreated using physical and chemical methods which are costly and hazardous for environment. Moreover, during the traditional pretreatment process, numerous inhibitory compounds are generated that adversely affect the growth of fermentative microbes. Alternatively, biological methods that use microbes and their enzymes disrupt lignin polymers and increase the accessibility of the carbohydrates for the sugar generation. Microbial laccases have been considered as an efficient biocatalyst for delignification and detoxification offering a green initiative for energy generation process. The present review aims to bring together recent studies in bioenergy generation using laccase biocatalyst in the pretreatment processes. The work provides an overview of the sustainable and eco-friendly approach of biological delignification and detoxification through whole-cell and enzymatic methods, use of laccase-mediator system, and immobilized laccases for this purpose. It also summarizes the advantages, associated challenges, and potential prospects to overcome the limitations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Malhotra
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Mohkampur, Dehradun, 248005, India
| | - Sunil Kumar Suman
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Mohkampur, Dehradun, 248005, India.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Backes E, Kato CG, Corrêa RCG, Peralta Muniz Moreira RDF, Peralta RA, Barros L, Ferreira IC, Zanin GM, Bracht A, Peralta RM. Laccases in food processing: Current status, bottlenecks and perspectives. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.06.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
|
31
|
Bogolitsyn KG, Gusakova MA, Krasikova AA. Molecular self-organization of wood lignin-carbohydrate matrix. PLANTA 2021; 254:30. [PMID: 34272608 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-021-03675-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The analysis of the state of research on the chemical composition, functional nature and structure of the main components of the lignin-carbohydrate matrix allows considering the wood substance as a thermodynamically self-organizing nanobiocomposite system. Features of biosynthesis of the wood matrix main biopolymers, the formation of their functional nature and structure determine the complex hierarchical organization of cell walls. The supramolecular level of biosynthesis considers the interaction of cell wall components. On the one hand, these are questions of dynamics of cell walls synthesis and processes of self-organization that control the formation of chaotic objects of biological origin; on the other hand, it is the question of thermodynamic compatibility of plant tissue components. Various models of structural organization are currently being considered, focusing on various features (biological, chemical, structural) of wood substance. At the same time, the lignin-carbohydrate matrix is a three-component system of natural polymers: lignin-hemicelluloses-cellulose, the state of which is described by specific values of thermodynamic parameters that characterize the degree of its stability. The new approach proposed in this paper allows considering the plant lignin-carbohydrate matrix from the standpoint of physical chemistry of polymer as quasi-equilibrium, thermodynamically limited ordered system of biopolymers. Thus, the biochemical processes of synthesis and self-organization lead to the formation of a complex multicomponent system of wood substance, considered as a nanobiocomposite. This determines the need to study the applicability of the fundamental cycle "structure-functional nature-properties" from the standpoint of physical chemistry of biopolymers both for the investigation of plant objects and for the development of modern technologies for complex processing based on the principles of "green chemistry".
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin G Bogolitsyn
- N. Laverov Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Northern Dvina Embankment, 23, Arkhangelsk, 163000, Russia
- Northern (Arctic) Federal University, Northern Dvina Embankment, 17, Arkhangelsk, 163000, Russia
| | - Mariya A Gusakova
- N. Laverov Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Northern Dvina Embankment, 23, Arkhangelsk, 163000, Russia
| | - Anna A Krasikova
- N. Laverov Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Northern Dvina Embankment, 23, Arkhangelsk, 163000, Russia.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Zou H, Guo X, Yang R, Wang S, Li L, Niu J, Wang D, Cao X. MiR408- SmLAC3 Module Participates in Salvianolic Acid B Synthesis in Salvia miltiorrhiza. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147541. [PMID: 34299156 PMCID: PMC8306038 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are important regulators of gene expression involved in plant development and abiotic stress responses. Recently, miRNAs have also been reported to be engaged in the regulation of secondary plant metabolism. However, there are few functional studies of miRNAs in medicinal plants. For this study, we obtained Sm-miR408 interference lines to investigate the function of Sm-miR408 in a medicinal model plant (Salvia miltiorrhiza). It was found that inhibiting the expression of Sm-miR408 could increase the content of salvianolic acid B and rosmarinic acid in the roots. The SmLAC3 and Sm-miR408 expression patterns were analyzed by qRT-PCR. A 5’ RLM-RACE assay confirmed that Sm-miR408 targets and negatively regulates SmLAC3. Moreover, the overexpression of SmLAC3 in S. miltiorrhiza promoted the accumulation of salvianolic acids in the roots. Furthermore, the lignin content of the roots in overexpressed SmLAC3 lines was decreased. Taken together, these findings indicated that Sm-miR408 modulates the accumulation of phenolic acids in S. miltiorrhiza by targeting SmLAC3 expression levels.
Collapse
|
33
|
Yaya Lancheros ML, Rai KM, Balasubramanian VK, Dampanaboina L, Mendu V, Terán W. De novo transcriptome analysis of white teak (Gmelina arborea Roxb) wood reveals critical genes involved in xylem development and secondary metabolism. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:494. [PMID: 34215181 PMCID: PMC8252223 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07777-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gmelina arborea Roxb is a fast-growing tree species of commercial importance for tropical countries due to multiple industrial uses of its wood. Wood is primarily composed of thick secondary cell walls of xylem cells which imparts the strength to the wood. Identification of the genes involved in the secondary cell wall biosynthesis as well as their cognate regulators is crucial to understand how the production of wood occurs and serves as a starting point for developing breeding strategies to produce varieties with improved wood quality, better paper pulping or new potential uses such as biofuel production. In order to gain knowledge on the molecular mechanisms and gene regulation related with wood development in white teak, a de novo sequencing and transcriptome assembly approach was used employing secondary cell wall synthesizing cells from young white teak trees. RESULTS For generation of transcriptome, RNA-seq reads were assembled into 110,992 transcripts and 49,364 genes were functionally annotated using plant databases; 5071 GO terms and 25,460 SSR markers were identified within xylem transcripts and 10,256 unigenes were assigned to KEGG database in 130 pathways. Among transcription factor families, C2H2, C3H, bLHLH and MYB were the most represented in xylem. Differential gene expression analysis using leaves as a reference was carried out and a total of 20,954 differentially expressed genes were identified including monolignol biosynthetic pathway genes. The differential expression of selected genes (4CL, COMT, CCoAOMT, CCR and NST1) was validated using qPCR. CONCLUSIONS We report the very first de novo transcriptome of xylem-related genes in this tropical timber species of commercial importance and constitutes a valuable extension of the publicly available transcriptomic resource aimed at fostering both basic and breeding studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mary Luz Yaya Lancheros
- Department of Biology, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Carrera 7 N° 43-82, Bogotá, 110231, Colombia
| | - Krishan Mohan Rai
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Fiber and Biopolymer Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Vimal Kumar Balasubramanian
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Fiber and Biopolymer Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Lavanya Dampanaboina
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Fiber and Biopolymer Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA
| | - Venugopal Mendu
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Fiber and Biopolymer Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA
| | - Wilson Terán
- Department of Biology, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Carrera 7 N° 43-82, Bogotá, 110231, Colombia.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Jayaprakash A, Roy A, Thanmalagan RR, Arunachalam A, Ptv L. Immune response gene coexpression network analysis of Arachis hypogaea infected with Aspergillus flavus. Genomics 2021; 113:2977-2988. [PMID: 34153499 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2021.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Aspergillus flavus (A. flavus) infection and aflatoxin contamination is a major bottleneck for peanut cultivation and value chain industry. In this study, a transcriptomic network study was conducted by retrieving publically available RNA-seq datasets of resistant and susceptible peanut varieties infected by A. flavus separately to understand the peanut defense mechanism against A. flavus. The gene expression analysis revealed differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in response to the different levels of infection and coexpression network of DEGs deciphered hub genes involved in the immune process in resistant and susceptible varieties. The interplay of resistance conferring genes and cell wall related genes was observed through functional enrichment analysis in response to pathogen infection and identified few key genes such as Protein P21, R genes, Pattern Recognition Receptor genes, Pectinesterases, Laccase and Thaumatin-like protein 1b as candidate genes in imparting immune response against A. flavus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aiswarya Jayaprakash
- Centre for Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, R. V. Nagar Kalapet, Pondicherry 605014, India
| | - Abhijeet Roy
- Centre for Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, R. V. Nagar Kalapet, Pondicherry 605014, India
| | - Raja Rajeswary Thanmalagan
- Centre for Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, R. V. Nagar Kalapet, Pondicherry 605014, India
| | - Annamalai Arunachalam
- Postgraduate and Research Department of Botany, Arignar Anna Government Arts College, Villupuram, Tamil Nadu 605602, India
| | - Lakshmi Ptv
- Centre for Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, R. V. Nagar Kalapet, Pondicherry 605014, India.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Hiraide H, Tobimatsu Y, Yoshinaga A, Lam PY, Kobayashi M, Matsushita Y, Fukushima K, Takabe K. Localised laccase activity modulates distribution of lignin polymers in gymnosperm compression wood. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 230:2186-2199. [PMID: 33570753 PMCID: PMC8252379 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The woody stems of coniferous gymnosperms produce specialised compression wood to adjust the stem growth orientation in response to gravitropic stimulation. During this process, tracheids develop a compression-wood-specific S2 L cell wall layer with lignins highly enriched with p-hydroxyphenyl (H)-type units derived from H-type monolignol, whereas lignins produced in the cell walls of normal wood tracheids are exclusively composed of guaiacyl (G)-type units from G-type monolignol with a trace amount of H-type units. We show that laccases, a class of lignin polymerisation enzymes, play a crucial role in the spatially organised polymerisation of H-type and G-type monolignols during compression wood formation in Japanese cypress (Chamaecyparis obtusa). We performed a series of chemical-probe-aided imaging analysis on C. obtusa compression wood cell walls, together with gene expression, protein localisation and enzymatic assays of C. obtusa laccases. Our data indicated that CoLac1 and CoLac3 with differential oxidation activities towards H-type and G-type monolignols were precisely localised to distinct cell wall layers in which H-type and G-type lignin units were preferentially produced during the development of compression wood tracheids. We propose that, not only the spatial localisation of laccases, but also their biochemical characteristics dictate the spatial patterning of lignin polymerisation in gymnosperm compression wood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hideto Hiraide
- Graduate School of AgricultureKyoto UniversityKitashirakawa‐oiwakechoKyoto606‐8502Japan
- Research Institute for Sustainable HumanosphereKyoto UniversityGokasho, Uji611‐0011Japan
| | - Yuki Tobimatsu
- Research Institute for Sustainable HumanosphereKyoto UniversityGokasho, Uji611‐0011Japan
| | - Arata Yoshinaga
- Graduate School of AgricultureKyoto UniversityKitashirakawa‐oiwakechoKyoto606‐8502Japan
| | - Pui Ying Lam
- Research Institute for Sustainable HumanosphereKyoto UniversityGokasho, Uji611‐0011Japan
| | - Masaru Kobayashi
- Graduate School of AgricultureKyoto UniversityKitashirakawa‐oiwakechoKyoto606‐8502Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Matsushita
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural SciencesNagoya UniversityFuro‐choNagoya464‐8601Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Fukushima
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural SciencesNagoya UniversityFuro‐choNagoya464‐8601Japan
| | - Keiji Takabe
- Graduate School of AgricultureKyoto UniversityKitashirakawa‐oiwakechoKyoto606‐8502Japan
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Niu Z, Li G, Hu H, Lv J, Zheng Q, Liu J, Wan D. A gene that underwent adaptive evolution, LAC2 (LACCASE), in Populus euphratica improves drought tolerance by improving water transport capacity. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2021; 8:88. [PMID: 33795664 PMCID: PMC8016922 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-021-00518-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Drought severely limits plant development and growth; accordingly, plants have evolved strategies to prevent water loss and adapt to water deficit conditions. However, experimental cases that corroborate these evolutionary processes are limited. The LACCASEs (LACs) family is involved in various plant development and growth processes. Here, we performed an evolutionary analysis of LACs from Populus euphratica and characterized the functions of LACs in Arabidopsis and poplar. The results showed that in PeuLACs, multiple gene duplications led to apparent functional redundancy as the result of various selective pressures. Among them, PeuLAC2 underwent strong positive selection. Heterologous expression analyses showed that the overexpression of PeuLAC2 alters the xylem structure of plants, including thickening the secondary cell wall (SCW) and increasing the fiber cell length and stem tensile strength. Altogether, these changes improve the water transport capacity of plants. The analysis of the physiological experimental results showed that PeuLAC2-OE lines exhibited a stronger antioxidant response and greater drought tolerance than WT. Three genes screened by transcriptome analysis, NAC025, BG1, and UGT, that are associated with SCW synthesis and drought stress were all upregulated in the PeuLAC2-OE lines, implying that the overexpression of PeuLAC2 thickened the SCW, improved the water transport capacity of the plant, and further enhanced its drought tolerance. Our study highlights that genes that have undergone adaptive evolution may participate in the development of adaptive traits in P. euphratica and that PeuLAC2 could be a candidate gene for molecular genetic breeding in trees.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystem, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Guiting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystem, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystem, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaojiao Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystem, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiwei Zheng
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianquan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystem, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongshi Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystem, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Krishnatreya DB, Agarwala N, Gill SS, Bandyopadhyay T. Understanding the role of miRNAs for improvement of tea quality and stress tolerance. J Biotechnol 2021; 328:34-46. [PMID: 33421509 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2020.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are an emerging class of small non-coding RNAs that exhibit important role in regulation of gene expression, mostly through the mechanism of cleavage and/or inhibition of translation of target mRNAs during or after transcription. Although much has been unravelled about the role of miRNAs in diverse biological processes like maintenance of functional integrity of genes and genome, growth and development, metabolism, and adaptive responses towards biotic and abiotic stresses in plants, not much is known on their specific roles in majority of cash crops - an area of investigation with potentially significant and gainful economic implications. Tea (Camellia sinensis) is globally the second most consumed beverage after water and its cultivation has major agro-economic and social ramifications. In recent years, global tea production has been greatly challenged by many biotic and abiotic stress factors and a deeper understanding of molecular processes regulating stress adaptation in this largely under investigated crop stands to significantly facilitate potential crop improvement strategies towards durable stress tolerance. This review endeavours to highlight recent advances in our understanding of the role of miRNAs in regulating stress tolerance traits in tea plant with additional focus on their role in determining tea quality attributes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Niraj Agarwala
- Department of Botany, Gauhati University, Jalukbari, Guwahati, Assam, 781014, India.
| | - Sarvajeet Singh Gill
- Center for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, 124001, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Wang X, Zhuo C, Xiao X, Wang X, Docampo-Palacios M, Chen F, Dixon RA. Substrate Specificity of LACCASE8 Facilitates Polymerization of Caffeyl Alcohol for C-Lignin Biosynthesis in the Seed Coat of Cleome hassleriana. THE PLANT CELL 2020; 32:3825-3845. [PMID: 33037146 PMCID: PMC7721330 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.20.00598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Catechyl lignin (C-lignin) is a linear homopolymer of caffeyl alcohol found in the seed coats of diverse plant species. Its properties make it a natural source of carbon fibers and high-value chemicals, but the mechanism of in planta polymerization of caffeyl alcohol remains unclear. In the ornamental plant Cleome hassleriana, lignin biosynthesis in the seed coat switches from guaiacyl lignin to C-lignin at ∼12 d after pollination. Here we found that the transcript profile of the laccase gene ChLAC8 parallels the accumulation of C-lignin during seed coat development. Recombinant ChLAC8 oxidizes caffeyl and sinapyl alcohols, generating their corresponding dimers or trimers in vitro, but cannot oxidize coniferyl alcohol. We propose a basis for this substrate preference based on molecular modeling/docking experiments. Suppression of ChLAC8 expression led to significantly reduced C-lignin content in the seed coats of transgenic Cleome plants. Feeding of 13C-caffeyl alcohol to the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) caffeic acid o-methyltransferase mutant resulted in no incorporation of 13C into C-lignin, but expressing ChLAC8 in this genetic background led to appearance of C-lignin with >40% label incorporation. These results indicate that ChLAC8 is required for C-lignin polymerization and determines lignin composition when caffeyl alcohol is available.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- BioDiscovery Institute and Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Chunliu Zhuo
- BioDiscovery Institute and Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203
- Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831
| | - Xirong Xiao
- BioDiscovery Institute and Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203
- Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831
| | - Xiaoqiang Wang
- BioDiscovery Institute and Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203
| | - Maite Docampo-Palacios
- BioDiscovery Institute and Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203
- Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831
| | - Fang Chen
- BioDiscovery Institute and Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203
- Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831
| | - Richard A Dixon
- BioDiscovery Institute and Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203
- Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Madritsch S, Bomers S, Posekany A, Burg A, Birke R, Emerstorfer F, Turetschek R, Otte S, Eigner H, Sehr EM. Integrative transcriptomics reveals genotypic impact on sugar beet storability. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 104:359-378. [PMID: 32754876 PMCID: PMC7593311 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-020-01041-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
An integrative comparative transcriptomic approach on six sugar beet varieties showing different amount of sucrose loss during storage revealed genotype-specific main driver genes and pathways characterizing storability. Sugar beet is next to sugar cane one of the most important sugar crops accounting for about 15% of the sucrose produced worldwide. Since its processing is increasingly centralized, storage of beet roots over an extended time has become necessary. Sucrose loss during storage is a major concern for the sugar industry because the accumulation of invert sugar and byproducts severely affect sucrose manufacturing. This loss is mainly due to ongoing respiration, but changes in cell wall composition and pathogen infestation also contribute. While some varieties can cope better during storage, the underlying molecular mechanisms are currently undiscovered. We applied integrative transcriptomics on six varieties exhibiting different levels of sucrose loss during storage. Already prior to storage, well storable varieties were characterized by a higher number of parenchyma cells, a smaller cell area, and a thinner periderm. Supporting these findings, transcriptomics identified changes in genes involved in cell wall modifications. After 13 weeks of storage, over 900 differentially expressed genes were detected between well and badly storable varieties, mainly in the category of defense response but also in carbohydrate metabolism and the phenylpropanoid pathway. These findings were confirmed by gene co-expression network analysis where hub genes were identified as main drivers of invert sugar accumulation and sucrose loss. Our data provide insight into transcriptional changes in sugar beet roots during storage resulting in the characterization of key pathways and hub genes that might be further used as markers to improve pathogen resistance and storage properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Madritsch
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology, Center for Health & Bioresources, Tulln, Austria
- Center for Integrative Bioinformatics Vienna, Max Perutz Labs, University of Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Svenja Bomers
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology, Center for Health & Bioresources, Tulln, Austria
| | - Alexandra Posekany
- University of Technology Vienna, Research Unit of Computational Statistics, Vienna, Austria
| | - Agnes Burg
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology, Center for Health & Bioresources, Tulln, Austria
| | - Rebekka Birke
- AGRANA Research & Innovation Center GmbH, Tulln, Austria
| | | | | | - Sandra Otte
- Strube Research GmbH & Co. KG, Söllingen, Germany
| | - Herbert Eigner
- AGRANA Research & Innovation Center GmbH, Tulln, Austria
| | - Eva M Sehr
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology, Center for Health & Bioresources, Tulln, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Catucci G, Valetti F, Sadeghi SJ, Gilardi G. Biochemical features of dye‐decolorizing peroxidases: Current impact on lignin degradation. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2020; 67:751-759. [DOI: 10.1002/bab.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Catucci
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology University of Torino Torino 10123 Italy
| | - Francesca Valetti
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology University of Torino Torino 10123 Italy
| | - Sheila J. Sadeghi
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology University of Torino Torino 10123 Italy
| | - Gianfranco Gilardi
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology University of Torino Torino 10123 Italy
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Chen X, He B, Feng M, Zhao D, Sun J. Immobilized laccase on magnetic nanoparticles for enhanced lignin model compounds degradation. Chin J Chem Eng 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2020.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
|
42
|
Glagoleva AY, Shoeva OY, Khlestkina EK. Melanin Pigment in Plants: Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:770. [PMID: 32655591 PMCID: PMC7324791 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The word "melanin" refers to a group of high molecular weight, black, and brown pigments formed through the oxidation and polymerization of phenolic compounds. This pigment is present in all kingdoms of living organisms, but it remains the most enigmatic pigment in plants. The poor solubility of melanin in particular solvents and its complex polymeric nature significantly constrain its study. Plant melanin synthesis is mostly associated with the enzymatic browning reaction that occurs in wounded plant tissues. This reaction occurs when, due to the disruption of cellular compartmentation, the chloroplast-located polyphenol oxidases (PPOs) release from the chloroplast and interact with their vacuolar substrates to produce o-quinones, which in turn polymerize to melanin. Furthermore, the presence of melanin in intact seed tissues has been demonstrated by diagnostic physicochemical tests. Unlike the well-studied enzymatic browning reaction, little is known about how melanin is formed in seeds. Recent data have shown that it is a tightly controlled genetic process that involves many genes, among which the genes encoding PPOs might be key. The present article aims to provide an overview of the current knowledge on melanin in plants and to discuss future perspectives on its study in light of recent findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiia Y. Glagoleva
- Cereal Functional Genetics Group, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Olesya Y. Shoeva
- Cereal Functional Genetics Group, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Elena K. Khlestkina
- Cereal Functional Genetics Group, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
- N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Research Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR), Saint Petersburg, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Li L, Yang K, Wang S, Lou Y, Zhu C, Gao Z. Genome-wide analysis of laccase genes in moso bamboo highlights PeLAC10 involved in lignin biosynthesis and in response to abiotic stresses. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2020; 39:751-763. [PMID: 32152695 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-020-02528-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Twenty-three PeLACs have been identified in moso bamboo, overexpression of PeLAC10 increases the lignin content and confers drought and phenolic acid tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis. Laccases (LACs) have multifunction involved in the processes of cell elongation, lignification and stress response in plants. However, the function of laccases in bamboo remain unclear. Here, a total of 23 laccase genes (PeLAC1-PeLAC23) were identified in moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis). The diverse gene structure and expression pattern of PeLACs suggested that their function should be spatiotemporal and complicated, which was supported by the expression profiles in different tissues of moso bamboo. Eighteen PeLACs were identified as the targets of ped-miR397. The putative ped-miR397-binding site in the coding region of PeLAC10 was further confirmed by RLM-5' RACE, indicating that PeLAC10 was regulated by ped-miR397 after transcription. With the increasing shoot height, the expression abundance of PeLAC10 was up-regulated and reached the maximum in 15 cm shoots, while that of ped-miR397 was relative lower and showed the minimum in 15 cm shoots. PeLAC10 was up-regulated obviously under both ABA (100 μmol L-1) and NaCl (400 mmol L-1) treatments, and it was down-regulated under the GA3 (100 μmol L-1) treatment. The transgenic Arabidopsis plants over-expressing PeLAC10 became slightly smaller and their petioles were shorter than those of Col-0. However, they had a stronger capacity in resistance to phenolic acids and drought besides higher lignin content in stems. These results indicated that overexpression of PeLAC10 was helpful to increase the content of lignin in transgenic Arabidopsis and improve the adaptability to phenolic acid and drought stresses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lichao Li
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Key Open Laboratory On the Science and Technology of Bamboo and Rattan, Institute of Gene Science and Industrialization for Bamboo and Rattan Resources, International Center for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing, 100102, China
| | - Kebin Yang
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Key Open Laboratory On the Science and Technology of Bamboo and Rattan, Institute of Gene Science and Industrialization for Bamboo and Rattan Resources, International Center for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing, 100102, China
| | - Sining Wang
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Key Open Laboratory On the Science and Technology of Bamboo and Rattan, Institute of Gene Science and Industrialization for Bamboo and Rattan Resources, International Center for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing, 100102, China
| | - Yongfeng Lou
- Jiangxi Academy of Forestry, Nanchang, 330013, China
| | - Chenglei Zhu
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Key Open Laboratory On the Science and Technology of Bamboo and Rattan, Institute of Gene Science and Industrialization for Bamboo and Rattan Resources, International Center for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing, 100102, China
| | - Zhimin Gao
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Key Open Laboratory On the Science and Technology of Bamboo and Rattan, Institute of Gene Science and Industrialization for Bamboo and Rattan Resources, International Center for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing, 100102, China.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Grover SP, Butterly CR, Wang X, Gleeson DB, Macdonald LM, Hall D, Tang C. An agricultural practise with climate and food security benefits: "Claying" with kaolinitic clay subsoil decreased soil carbon priming and mineralisation in sandy cropping soils. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 709:134488. [PMID: 31884291 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
As the agricultural sector seeks to feed a growing global population, climate-smart agriculture offers opportunities to concurrently mitigate climate change by reducing greenhouse gas emissions and/or increasing carbon storage in soils. This study examined the potential for clay addition to reduce CO2 emissions from plant residues and soil organic matter in a sandy soil. Soils were sourced from a 15-year-old field trial where claying (200 t ha-1) had already demonstrated improvements in water infiltration, grain yield and profits. Isotopically labelled plant residues (wheat, canola, or pea) were used to separate residue-derived and soil-derived CO2 sources from a nil-clay control, a historically clayed, and two freshly created soils with either high (10%) or low (3%) subsoil clay additions. Laboratory incubations demonstrated that historically clayed soils released less CO2 from plant residues and soil organic matter. Clay addition also decreased the priming effect of adding fresh residue to soils. The results from clay experimentally added in the laboratory varied. Differences in chemical and biological indicators (pH, microbial biomass C and N, extractable organic C and N, NO3-, NH4+, abundance of bacterial, archaeal, fungal, LMCO, GH48 and CbhI genes) did not correlate with patterns of CO2 emissions across treatments. While claying practices have previously demonstrated benefits to crop productivity, this research demonstrates long-term changes in carbon-cycling that could promote greater carbon sequestration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samantha P Grover
- Department of Animal, Plant & Soil Sciences, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, La Trobe University, Melbourne Campus, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia.
| | - Clayton R Butterly
- Department of Animal, Plant & Soil Sciences, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, La Trobe University, Melbourne Campus, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia; School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Xiaojuan Wang
- Department of Animal, Plant & Soil Sciences, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, La Trobe University, Melbourne Campus, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Deirdre B Gleeson
- School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | | | - David Hall
- Western Australian Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, Esperance, WA 6450, Australia
| | - Caixian Tang
- Department of Animal, Plant & Soil Sciences, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, La Trobe University, Melbourne Campus, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Yu Y. LACCASE2 Negatively Regulates Lignin Deposition of Arabidopsis Roots. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 182:1190-1191. [PMID: 32127430 PMCID: PMC7054889 DOI: 10.1104/pp.20.00152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yunqing Yu
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, Saint Louis, Missouri 63132
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Janusz G, Pawlik A, Świderska-Burek U, Polak J, Sulej J, Jarosz-Wilkołazka A, Paszczyński A. Laccase Properties, Physiological Functions, and Evolution. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21030966. [PMID: 32024019 PMCID: PMC7036934 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Discovered in 1883, laccase is one of the first enzymes ever described. Now, after almost 140 years of research, it seems that this copper-containing protein with a number of unique catalytic properties is widely distributed across all kingdoms of life. Laccase belongs to the superfamily of multicopper oxidases (MCOs)—a group of enzymes comprising many proteins with different substrate specificities and diverse biological functions. The presence of cupredoxin-like domains allows all MCOs to reduce oxygen to water without producing harmful byproducts. This review describes structural characteristics and plausible evolution of laccase in different taxonomic groups. The remarkable catalytic abilities and broad substrate specificity of laccases are described in relation to other copper-containing MCOs. Through an exhaustive analysis of laccase roles in different taxa, we find that this enzyme evolved to serve an important, common, and protective function in living systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Janusz
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19 Street, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (A.P.); (J.P.); (J.S.); (A.J.-W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-81-537-5521
| | - Anna Pawlik
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19 Street, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (A.P.); (J.P.); (J.S.); (A.J.-W.)
| | - Urszula Świderska-Burek
- Department of Botany, Mycology and Ecology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19 Street, 20-033 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Jolanta Polak
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19 Street, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (A.P.); (J.P.); (J.S.); (A.J.-W.)
| | - Justyna Sulej
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19 Street, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (A.P.); (J.P.); (J.S.); (A.J.-W.)
| | - Anna Jarosz-Wilkołazka
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19 Street, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (A.P.); (J.P.); (J.S.); (A.J.-W.)
| | - Andrzej Paszczyński
- Professor Emeritus, School of Food Science, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Mohit E, Tabarzad M, Faramarzi MA. Biomedical and Pharmaceutical-Related Applications of Laccases. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2020; 21:78-98. [DOI: 10.2174/1389203720666191011105624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
The oxidation of a vast range of phenolic and non-phenolic substrates has been catalyzed by
laccases. Given a wide range of substrates, laccases can be applied in different biotechnological applications.
The present review was conducted to provide a broad context in pharmaceutical- and biomedical-
related applications of laccases for academic and industrial researchers. First, an overview of biological
roles of laccases was presented. Furthermore, laccase-mediated strategies for imparting antimicrobial
and antioxidant properties to different surfaces were discussed. In this review, laccase-mediated
mechanisms for endowing antimicrobial properties were divided into laccase-mediated bio-grafting of
phenolic compounds on lignocellulosic fiber, chitosan and catheters, and laccase-catalyzed iodination.
Accordingly, a special emphasis was placed on laccase-mediated functionalization for creating antimicrobials,
particularly chitosan-based wound dressings. Additionally, oxidative bio-grafting and oxidative
polymerization were described as the two main laccase-catalyzed reactions for imparting antioxidant
properties. Recent laccase-related studies were also summarized regarding the synthesis of antibacterial
and antiproliferative agents and the degradation of pharmaceuticals and personal care products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elham Mohit
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Tabarzad
- Protein Technology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Faramarzi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 14155-6451, Tehran 1417614411, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Mnich E, Bjarnholt N, Eudes A, Harholt J, Holland C, Jørgensen B, Larsen FH, Liu M, Manat R, Meyer AS, Mikkelsen JD, Motawia MS, Muschiol J, Møller BL, Møller SR, Perzon A, Petersen BL, Ravn JL, Ulvskov P. Phenolic cross-links: building and de-constructing the plant cell wall. Nat Prod Rep 2020; 37:919-961. [PMID: 31971193 DOI: 10.1039/c9np00028c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Covering: Up to 2019Phenolic cross-links and phenolic inter-unit linkages result from the oxidative coupling of two hydroxycinnamates or two molecules of tyrosine. Free dimers of hydroxycinnamates, lignans, play important roles in plant defence. Cross-linking of bound phenolics in the plant cell wall affects cell expansion, wall strength, digestibility, degradability, and pathogen resistance. Cross-links mediated by phenolic substituents are particularly important as they confer strength to the wall via the formation of new covalent bonds, and by excluding water from it. Four biopolymer classes are known to be involved in the formation of phenolic cross-links: lignins, extensins, glucuronoarabinoxylans, and side-chains of rhamnogalacturonan-I. Lignins and extensins are ubiquitous in streptophytes whereas aromatic substituents on xylan and pectic side-chains are commonly assumed to be particular features of Poales sensu lato and core Caryophyllales, respectively. Cross-linking of phenolic moieties proceeds via radical formation, is catalyzed by peroxidases and laccases, and involves monolignols, tyrosine in extensins, and ferulate esters on xylan and pectin. Ferulate substituents, on xylan in particular, are thought to be nucleation points for lignin polymerization and are, therefore, of paramount importance to wall architecture in grasses and for the development of technology for wall disassembly, e.g. for the use of grass biomass for production of 2nd generation biofuels. This review summarizes current knowledge on the intra- and extracellular acylation of polysaccharides, and inter- and intra-molecular cross-linking of different constituents. Enzyme mediated lignan in vitro synthesis for pharmaceutical uses are covered as are industrial exploitation of mutant and transgenic approaches to control cell wall cross-linking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Mnich
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Yang D, Wang Y, Huang W, Li Z, Qiu X. Model Compounds Study for the Mechanism of Horseradish Peroxidase-Catalyzed Lignin Modification. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2020; 191:981-995. [PMID: 31950443 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-020-03248-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) has demonstrated high activity for the modification of lignin. In this paper, several lignin model compounds with different functional groups and linkages are selected to investigate the reactivity of HRP-catalyzed lignin modification. The phenolic groups of lignin model compounds are indispensable for the HRP-catalyzed modification process. The introduction of the sulfomethylated methyl group or methoxyl group could facilitate or inhibit the modification, respectively. The oxidative coupling activity of α-O-4 lignin model compounds is higher than that of β-O-4 compounds. Meanwhile, the free energy obtained by density functional theory (DFT) is used to verify the results of the experimental study, and the order of preference for linkages is β-5 > β-β > β-O-4 in most cases. In addition, electron cloud density and steric hindrance of lignin model compounds have crucial effects on the oxidation and modification processes. Finally, the mechanism of HRP-catalyzed lignin modification is proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongjie Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yalin Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenjing Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhixian Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xueqing Qiu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Simões MS, Carvalho GG, Ferreira SS, Hernandes-Lopes J, de Setta N, Cesarino I. Genome-wide characterization of the laccase gene family in Setaria viridis reveals members potentially involved in lignification. PLANTA 2020; 251:46. [PMID: 31915928 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-020-03337-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Five laccase genes are potentially involved in developmental lignification in the model C4 grass Setaria viridis and their different tissue specificities suggest subfunctionalization events. Plant laccases are copper-containing glycoproteins involved in monolignol oxidation and, therefore, their activity is essential for lignin polymerization. Although these enzymes belong to large multigene families with highly redundant members, not all of them are thought to be involved in lignin metabolism. Here, we report on the genome-wide characterization of the laccase gene family in the model C4 grass Setaria viridis and further identification of the members potentially involved in monolignol oxidation. A total of 52 genes encoding laccases (SvLAC1 to SvLAC52) were found in the genome of S. viridis, and phylogenetic analyses showed that these genes were heterogeneously distributed among the characteristic six subclades of the family and are under relaxed selective constraints. The observed expansion in the total number of genes in this species was mainly caused by tandem duplications within subclade V, which accounts for 68% of the whole family. Comparative phylogenetic analyses showed that the expansion of subclade V is specifically observed for the Paniceae tribe within the Panicoideae subfamily in grasses. Five SvLAC genes (SvLAC9, SvLAC13, SvLAC15, SvLAC50, and SvLAC52) fulfilled the criteria established to identify lignin-related candidates: (1) phylogenetic proximity to previously characterized lignin-related laccases from other species, (2) similar expression pattern to that observed for lignin biosynthetic genes in the S. viridis elongating internode, and (3) high expression in S. viridis tissues undergoing active lignification. In addition, in situ hybridization experiments not only confirmed that these selected SvLAC genes were expressed in lignifying cells, but also that their expression showed different tissue specificities, suggesting subfunctionalization events within the family. These five laccase genes are strong candidates to be involved in lignin polymerization in S. viridis and might be good targets for lignin bioengineering strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcella Siqueira Simões
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua Do Matão, 277, São Paulo, 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Garon Carvalho
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua Do Matão, 277, São Paulo, 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Sávio Siqueira Ferreira
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua Do Matão, 277, São Paulo, 05508-090, Brazil
| | - José Hernandes-Lopes
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua Do Matão, 277, São Paulo, 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Nathalia de Setta
- Centro de Ciências Naturais E Humanas, Universidade Federal Do ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, São Paulo, 09606-070, Brazil
| | - Igor Cesarino
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua Do Matão, 277, São Paulo, 05508-090, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|