1
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Zhou M, Li Y, Cai Y, Sun Y, Chen W, Wang J, Shen F, Zhan Y, Ying J, Chen S. Development of an Inosine Hyperproducer from Bacillus licheniformis by Systems Metabolic Engineering. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:20210-20221. [PMID: 38079219 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c07715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Inosine is widely used in food, chemical, and medicine. This study developed Bacillus licheniformis into an inosine hyperproducer through systems metabolic engineering. First, purine metabolism was activated by deleting inhibitors PurR and YabJ and overexpressing the pur operon. Then, the 5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate (PRPP) supply was increased by optimizing the glucose transport system and pentose phosphate pathway, increasing the inosine titer by 97% and decreasing the titers of byproducts by 36%. Next, to prevent the degradation of inosine, genes deoD and pupG coding purine nucleoside phosphorylase were deleted, accumulating 0.91 g/L inosine in the culture medium. Additionally, the downregulation of adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP) synthesis pathway increased the inosine titer by 409%. Importantly, enhancing the glycine and aspartate supply increased the inosine titer by 298%. Finally, the guanosine synthesis pathway was blocked, leading to strain IR-8-2 producing 27.41 g/L inosine with a 0.46 g inosine/g glucose yield and a 0.38 g/(L·h) productivity in a shake flask.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menglin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, PR China
| | - Yi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, PR China
| | - Youhua Cai
- Star Lake Bioscience Co. Inc, Zhaoging, Zhaoging, Guangdong 526000, PR China
| | - Yaqi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, PR China
| | - Wu Chen
- Star Lake Bioscience Co. Inc, Zhaoging, Zhaoging, Guangdong 526000, PR China
| | - Jin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, PR China
| | - Feng Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, PR China
| | - Yangyang Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, PR China
| | - Jun Ying
- Star Lake Bioscience Co. Inc, Zhaoging, Zhaoging, Guangdong 526000, PR China
| | - Shouwen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Technology of Fujian Province University, College of Ecological and Resource Engineering, Wuyi University, Wuyishan 354300, PR China
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2
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Li X, Zhang M, Lu Y, Wu N, Chen J, Ji Z, Zhan Y, Ma X, Chen J, Cai D, Chen S. Metabolic engineering of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens for efficient production of α-glucosidase inhibitor1-deoxynojirimycin. Synth Syst Biotechnol 2023; 8:378-385. [PMID: 37692204 PMCID: PMC10485785 DOI: 10.1016/j.synbio.2023.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Owing to the feature of strong α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, 1-deoxynojirimycin (1-DNJ) has broad application prospects in areas of functional food, biomedicine, etc., and this research wants to construct an efficient strain for 1-DNJ production, basing on Bacillus amyloliquefaciens HZ-12. Firstly, using the temperature-sensitive shuttle plasmid T2 (2)-Ori, gene ptsG in phosphotransferase system (PTS) was weakened by homologous recombination, and non-PTS pathway was strengthened by deleting its repressor gene iolR, and 1-DNJ yield of resultant strain HZ-S2 was increased by 4.27-fold, reached 110.72 mg/L. Then, to increase precursor fructose-6-phosphate (F-6-P) supply, phosphofructokinase was weaken, fructose phosphatase GlpX and 6-phosphate glucose isomerase Pgi were strengthened by promoter replacement, moreover, regulator gene nanR was deleted, 1-DNJ yield was further increased to 267.37 mg/L by 2.41-fold. Subsequently, promoter of 1-DNJ synthetase cluster was optimized, as well as 5'-UTRs of downstream genes in synthetase cluster, and 1-DNJ produced by the final strain reached 478.62 mg/L. Last but not the least, 1-DNJ yield of 1632.50 mg/L was attained in 3 L fermenter, which was the highest yield of 1-DNJ reported to date. Taken together, our results demonstrated that metabolic engineering was an effective strategy for 1-DNJ synthesis, this research laid a foundation for industrialization of functional food and drugs based on 1-DNJ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xujie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Yu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Ningyang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Jian'gang Chen
- Wuhan Jun'an Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zhixia Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yangyang Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Xin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Junyong Chen
- Department of Urology, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated to Jinan University), Zhuhai, 519000, China
| | - Dongbo Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Shouwen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
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Faria PE, Castro AM, Freire DMG, Mesquita RD. Enzymes and pathways in microbial production of 2,3-butanediol and 3-acetoin isomers. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2023; 43:67-81. [PMID: 34957872 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2021.2004990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
2,3-Butanediol (BD) and acetoin (AC) are products of the non-oxidative metabolism of microorganisms, presenting industrial importance due to their wide range of applications and high market value. Their optical isomers have particular applications, justifying the efforts on the selective bioproduction. Each microorganism produces different isomer mixtures, as a consequence of having different butanediol dehydrogenase (BDH) enzymes. However, the whole scene of the isomer bioproduction, considering the several enzymes and conditions, has not been completely elucidated. Here we show the BDH classification as R, S or meso by bioinformatics analysis uncovering the details of the isomers production. The BDH was compared to diacetyl reductases (DAR) and the new enoyl reductases (ER). We observed that R-BDH is the most singular BDH, while meso and S-BDHs are similar and may be better distinguished through their stereo-selective triad. DAR and ER showed distinct stereo-triads from those described for BDHs, agreeing with kinetic data from the literature and our phylogenetic analysis. The ER family probably has meso-BDH like activity as already demonstrated for a single sequence from this group. These results are of great relevance, as they organize BD producing enzymes, to our known, never shown before in the literature. This review also brings attention to nontraditional enzymes/pathways that can be involved with BD/AC synthesis, as well as oxygen conditions that may lead to the differential production of their isomers. Together, this information can provide helpful orientation for future studies in the field of BD/AC biological production, thus contributing to achieve their production on an industrial scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Esteves Faria
- Biochemistry Department, Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Aline M Castro
- Biotechnology Division, R&D Center (Cenpes), PETROBRAS, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Rafael D Mesquita
- Biochemistry Department, Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Harirchi S, Sar T, Ramezani M, Aliyu H, Etemadifar Z, Nojoumi SA, Yazdian F, Awasthi MK, Taherzadeh MJ. Bacillales: From Taxonomy to Biotechnological and Industrial Perspectives. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10122355. [PMID: 36557608 PMCID: PMC9781867 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10122355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
For a long time, the genus Bacillus has been known and considered among the most applicable genera in several fields. Recent taxonomical developments resulted in the identification of more species in Bacillus-related genera, particularly in the order Bacillales (earlier heterotypic synonym: Caryophanales), with potential application for biotechnological and industrial purposes such as biofuels, bioactive agents, biopolymers, and enzymes. Therefore, a thorough understanding of the taxonomy, growth requirements and physiology, genomics, and metabolic pathways in the highly diverse bacterial order, Bacillales, will facilitate a more robust designing and sustainable production of strain lines relevant to a circular economy. This paper is focused principally on less-known genera and their potential in the order Bacillales for promising applications in the industry and addresses the taxonomical complexities of this order. Moreover, it emphasizes the biotechnological usage of some engineered strains of the order Bacillales. The elucidation of novel taxa, their metabolic pathways, and growth conditions would make it possible to drive industrial processes toward an upgraded functionality based on the microbial nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharareh Harirchi
- Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery, University of Borås, 50190 Borås, Sweden
| | - Taner Sar
- Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery, University of Borås, 50190 Borås, Sweden
| | - Mohaddaseh Ramezani
- Microorganisms Bank, Iranian Biological Resource Centre (IBRC), Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Tehran, Iran
| | - Habibu Aliyu
- Institute of Process Engineering in Life Science II: Technical Biology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Zahra Etemadifar
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology & Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan 8174673441, Iran
| | - Seyed Ali Nojoumi
- Microbiology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran 1316943551, Iran
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran 1316943551, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Yazdian
- Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran 1439957131, Iran
| | - Mukesh Kumar Awasthi
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road 3#, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Mohammad J. Taherzadeh
- Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery, University of Borås, 50190 Borås, Sweden
- Correspondence:
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Stoklosa RJ, Latona RJ, Johnston DB. Assessing oxygen limiting fermentation conditions for 2,3-butanediol production from Paenibacillus polymyxa. FRONTIERS IN CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fceng.2022.1038311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
2,3-butanediol (2,3-BDO) is a platform chemical that can be converted to a wide array of products ranging from bio-based materials to sustainable aviation fuel. This chemical can be produced by a variety of microorganisms in fermentation processes. Challenges remain for high titer 2,3-BDO production during fermentation due to several parameters, but controlling oxygen is one of the most relevant processing parameters to ensure viable product output. This work investigated the fermentation of plant biomass sugars by the 2,3-BDO producer Paenibacillus polymyxa. Aerobic and oxygen limited fermentation conditions were initially evaluated using molasses-based media to determine cell growth and 2,3-BDO output. Similar conditions were then evaluated on hydrolysate from pretreated sweet sorghum bagasse (SSB) that contained fermentable sugars from structural polysaccharides. Fermentations in molasses media under aerobic conditions found that 2,3-BDO could be generated, but over time the amount of 2,3-BDO decreased due to conversion back into acetoin. Oxygen limited fermentation conditions exhibited improved biomass growth, but only limited suppression of 2,3-BDO conversion to acetoin occurred. Glucose depletion appeared to have a greater role influencing 2,3-BDO conversion back into acetoin. Further improvements in 2,3-BDO yields were found by utilizing detoxified SSB hydrolysate.
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Gao L, She M, Shi J, Cai D, Wang D, Xiong M, Shen G, Gao J, Zhang M, Yang Z, Chen S. Enhanced production of iturin A by strengthening fatty acid synthesis modules in Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:974460. [PMID: 36159706 PMCID: PMC9500472 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.974460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Iturin A is a biosurfactant with various applications, and its low synthesis capability limits its production and application development. Fatty acids play a critical role in cellular metabolism and target product syntheses, and the relationship between fatty acid supplies and iturin A synthesis is unclear. In this study, we attempted to increase iturin A production via strengthening fatty acid synthesis pathways in Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. First, acetyl-CoA carboxylase AccAD and ACP S-malonyltransferase fabD were overexpressed via promoter replacement, and iturin A yield was increased to 1.36 g/L by 2.78-fold in the resultant strain HZ-ADF1. Then, soluble acyl-ACP thioesterase derived from Escherichia coli showed the best performance for iturin A synthesis, as compared to those derived from B. amyloliquefaciens and Corynebacterium glutamicum, the introduction of which in HZ-ADF1 further led to a 57.35% increase of iturin A yield, reaching 2.14 g/L. Finally, long-chain fatty acid-CoA ligase LcfA was overexpressed in HZ-ADFT to attain the final strain HZ-ADFTL2, and iturin A yield reached 2.96 g/L, increasing by 6.59-fold, and the contents of fatty acids were enhanced significantly in HZ-ADFTL2, as compared to the original strain HZ-12. Taken together, our results implied that strengthening fatty acid supplies was an efficient approach for iturin A production, and this research provided a promising strain for industrial production of iturin A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Menglin She
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiao Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Dongbo Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Dong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Min Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Guoming Shen
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Jiaming Gao
- Hubei Corporation of China National Tobacco Corporation, Wuhan, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Technology of Fujian Province University, College of Ecological and Resource Engineering, Wuyi University, Wuyishan, China
| | - Zhifan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Shouwen Chen, ; Zhifan Yang,
| | - Shouwen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Technology of Fujian Province University, College of Ecological and Resource Engineering, Wuyi University, Wuyishan, China
- *Correspondence: Shouwen Chen, ; Zhifan Yang,
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Kim B, Park AR, Song CW, Song H, Kim JC. Biological Control Efficacy and Action Mechanism of Klebsiella pneumoniae JCK-2201 Producing Meso-2,3-Butanediol Against Tomato Bacterial Wilt. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:914589. [PMID: 35910601 PMCID: PMC9333516 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.914589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is a fatal disease that affects the production of tomatoes and many other crops worldwide. As an effective strategy to manage bacterial wilt, biological control agents using plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are being developed. In this study, we screened 2,3-butanediol (BDO)-producing PGPR to control tomato bacterial wilt and investigated the action mechanism of the disease control agent. Of the 943 strains isolated from soil, Klebsiella pneumoniae strain JCK-2201 produced the highest concentration of 2,3-BDO. The culture broth of K. pneumoniae JCK-2201 did not show any direct activity on R. solanacearum in vitro, but a 100-fold dilution effectively controlled tomato bacterial wilt with a control value of 77% in vivo. Fermentation utilizing K. pneumoniae JCK-2201 was optimized to produce 48 g/L of meso-2,3-BDO, which is 50% of the sucrose conversion efficiency. In addition, the control efficacy and mechanism of meso-2,3-BDO produced by JCK-2201 in tomato bacterial wilt were determined by comparative analysis with Bacillus licheniformis DSM13 producing meso-2,3-BDO and B. licheniformis DSM13 ΔalsS that did not produce 2,3-BDO, as the step of converting pyruvate to α-acetolactate was omitted. Tomato seedlings treated with the K. pneumoniae JCK-2201 (500-fold dilution) and B. licheniformis DSM13 (100-fold dilution) culture broth produced meso-2,3-BDO that significantly reduced R. solanacearum-induced disease severity with control values of 55% and 63%, respectively. The formulated meso-2,3-BDO 9% soluble concentrate (SL; 1,000-fold dilution) showed 87% control against tomato bacterial wilt in the field condition. Klebsiella pneumoniae JCK-2201 and B. licheniformis DSM13 treatment induced the expression of plant defense marker genes, such as LePR1, LePR2, LePR5, LePR3, and PI-II, in the salicylic acid and jasmonic acid signaling pathways at 4 days after inoculation. These results show that 2,3-BDO-producing bacteria and 2,3-BDO are potential biological control agents that act through induction of resistance for controlling tomato bacterial wilt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bora Kim
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Institute of Environmentally Friendly Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Ae Ran Park
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Institute of Environmentally Friendly Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Chan Woo Song
- Research and Department Center, GS Caltex Corporation, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Hyohak Song
- Research and Department Center, GS Caltex Corporation, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jin-Cheol Kim
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Institute of Environmentally Friendly Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Jin-Cheol Kim,
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Choi Y, Kim YH. Regulatory role of cysteines in (2R, 3R)-butanediol dehydrogenase BdhA of Bacillus velezensis strain GH1-13. J Microbiol 2022; 60:411-418. [DOI: 10.1007/s12275-022-2018-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Meng W, Ma C, Xu P, Gao C. Biotechnological production of chiral acetoin. Trends Biotechnol 2022; 40:958-973. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2022.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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10
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Zhan Y, Shi J, Xiao Y, Zhou F, Wang H, Xu H, Li Z, Yang S, Cai D, Chen S. Multilevel metabolic engineering of Bacillus licheniformis for de novo biosynthesis of 2-phenylethanol. Metab Eng 2022; 70:43-54. [PMID: 35038552 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2022.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Due to its pleasant rose-like scent, 2-phenylethanol (2-PE) has been widely used in the fields of cosmetics and food. Microbial production of 2-PE offers a natural and sustainable production process. However, the current bioprocesses for de novo production of 2-PE suffer from low titer, yield, and productivity. In this work, a multilevel metabolic engineering strategy was employed for the high-level production of 2-PE. Firstly, the native alcohol dehydrogenase YugJ was identified and characterized for 2-PE production via genome mining and gene function analysis. Subsequently, the redirection of carbon flux into 2-PE biosynthesis by combining optimization of Ehrlich pathway, central metabolic pathway, and phenylpyruvate pathway enabled the production of 2-PE to a titer of 1.81 g/L. Specifically, AroK and AroD were identified as the rate-limiting enzymes of 2-PE production through transcription and metabolite analyses, and overexpression of aroK and aroD efficiently boosted 2-PE synthesis. The precursor competing pathways were blocked by eliminating byproduct formation pathways and modulating the glucose transport system. Under the optimal condition, the engineered strain PE23 produced 6.24 g/L of 2-PE with a yield and productivity of 0.14 g/g glucose and 0.13 g/L/h, respectively, using a complex medium in shake flasks. This work achieves the highest titer, yield, and productivity of 2-PE from glucose via the phenylpyruvate pathway. This study provides a promising platform that might be widely useful for improving the production of aromatic-derived chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of High-throughput Drug Screening Technology, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, PR China
| | - Jiao Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of High-throughput Drug Screening Technology, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, PR China
| | - Yuan Xiao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430081, PR China
| | - Fei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of High-throughput Drug Screening Technology, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, PR China
| | - Huan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of High-throughput Drug Screening Technology, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, PR China
| | - Haixia Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of High-throughput Drug Screening Technology, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, PR China
| | - Zhi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of High-throughput Drug Screening Technology, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, PR China
| | - Shihui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of High-throughput Drug Screening Technology, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, PR China
| | - Dongbo Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of High-throughput Drug Screening Technology, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, PR China.
| | - Shouwen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of High-throughput Drug Screening Technology, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, PR China.
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11
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Zou D, Ye C, Min Y, Li L, Ruan L, Yang Z, Wei X. Production of a novel lycopene-rich soybean food by fermentation with Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.112551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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12
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Yang F, Liu N, Chen Y, Wang S, Liu J, Zhao L, Ma X, Cai D, Chen S. Rational engineering of cofactor specificity of glutamate dehydrogenase for poly-γ-glutamic acid synthesis in Bacillus licheniformis. Enzyme Microb Technol 2021; 155:109979. [PMID: 34973505 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2021.109979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) is a multifunctional biopolymer mainly produced by Bacillus. The cofactor specificity of enzymes plays a critical role in regulating metabolic process and metabolite production. Here, we present a novel approach for switching cofactor specificity of glutamate dehydrogenase RocG from nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) to improve γ-PGA production. Firstly, 3D structural modeling and molecular docking were performed to predict the binding modes of NADH and NADPH. Several site-specific mutants based on the conventional and Random Accelerated Molecular Dynamics simulations were obtained to alter cofactor specificity. Then, the effects of RocG variants overexpressions on γ-PGA production were evaluated. Compared to the wild-type, the mutant RocGD276E showed highest increase in γ-PGA yield, increased by 40.50%. Meanwhile, yields of main by-products acetoin and 2,3-butandieol were decreased by 21.70% and 16.53%, respectively. Finally, the results of enzymatic properties confirmed that glutamate dehydrogenase mutant RocGD276E exhibited the higher affinity for NADH, caused a shift in coenzyme preference from NADPH to NADH, with a catalytic efficiency comparable with NADPH-dependent RocG. Taken together, this research demonstrated that switching the cofactor preference of glutamate dehydrogenase via rational design was an effective strategy for high-level production of γ-PGA in Bacillus licheniformis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, PR China
| | - Na Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, PR China
| | - Yaozhong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, PR China
| | - Si Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, PR China
| | - Jun Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, PR China
| | - Ling Zhao
- School of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, PR China
| | - Xin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, PR China
| | - Dongbo Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, PR China.
| | - Shouwen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, PR China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Industrial Green Technology, College of Ecological and Resource Engineering, Wuyi University, Wuyishan 354300, PR China.
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13
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Abstract
The growing need for industrial production of bio-based acetoin and 2,3-butanediol (2,3-BD) is due to both environmental concerns, and their widespread use in the food, pharmaceutical, and chemical industries. Acetoin is a common spice added to many foods, but also a valuable reagent in many chemical syntheses. Similarly, 2,3-BD is an indispensable chemical on the platform in the production of synthetic rubber, printing inks, perfumes, antifreeze, and fuel additives. This state-of-the-art review focuses on representatives of the genus Bacillus as prospective producers of acetoin and 2,3-BD. They have the following important advantages: non-pathogenic nature, unpretentiousness to growing conditions, and the ability to utilize a huge number of substrates (glucose, sucrose, starch, cellulose, and inulin hydrolysates), sugars from the composition of lignocellulose (cellobiose, mannose, galactose, xylose, and arabinose), as well as waste glycerol. In addition, these strains can be improved by genetic engineering, and are amenable to process optimization. Bacillus spp. are among the best acetoin producers. They also synthesize 2,3-BD in titer and yield comparable to those of the pathogenic producers. However, Bacillus spp. show relatively lower productivity, which can be increased in the course of challenging future research.
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14
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A novel strategy of feeding nitrate for cost-effective production of poly-γ-glutamic acid from crude glycerol by Bacillus licheniformis WX-02. Biochem Eng J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2021.108156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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15
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Zhu J, Li L, Wu F, Wu Y, Wang Z, Chen X, Li J, Cai D, Chen S. Metabolic Engineering of Aspartic Acid Supply Modules for Enhanced Production of Bacitracin in Bacillus licheniformis. ACS Synth Biol 2021; 10:2243-2251. [PMID: 34324815 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.1c00154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Bacitracin, a type of cyclic dodecapeptide antibiotic mainly produced by Bacillus, is widely used in fields of veterinary drug and feed additive. Modularization of metabolic pathways based on the concept of synthetic biology has been widely used in the efficient synthesis of target products. Here, we want to improve bacitracin production through strengthening aspartic acid (Asp) supply in B. licheniformis DW2. First, exogenous Asp addition assays implied that strengthening Asp supply benefited bacitracin production. Second, Asp synthetic pathways were strengthened via overexpressing aspartate dehydrogenase AspD and asparaginase AnsB, attaining recombinant strain DW2-ASP2, and bacitracin yield produced by DW2-ASP2 was 862.81 U/mL, increased by 14.05% compared with that of DW2 (756.49 U/mL). Then, to improve precursor oxaloacetate (OAA) accumulation for Asp synthesis, pyruvate carboxylase PycA and carbonic anhydrase EcaA were co-overexpressed in DW2-ASP2, and malic enzyme gene malS was deleted to weak overflow metabolism of tricarboxylic acid, and the attained strain DW2-ASP7 showed further increased bacitracin production from 862.81 to 989.23 U/mL. Subsequently, transporter YveA was identified as an Asp exporter, and bacitracin yield was increased to 1025.26 U/mL via deleting yveA, attaining strain DW2-ASP9. Finally, Asp ammonia-lyase gene aspA was disrupted to weaken Asp degradation, and bacitracin yield of attained strain DW2-ASP10 reached 1059.86 U/mL, increased by 40.10% compared to DW2. Taken together, this research demonstrated that metabolic engineering of Asp metabolic modules is an efficient strategy for enhancing bacitracin production, and these strategies could also be applied in the production of other peptide-related metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, PR China
| | - Lingfeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, PR China
| | - Fei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, PR China
| | - Yuanxin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, PR China
| | - Zhi Wang
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of food and biological engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, Hubei China
| | - Xiaobin Chen
- Lifecome Biochemistry Co. Ltd, Nanping, 353400, PR China
| | - Junhui Li
- Lifecome Biochemistry Co. Ltd, Nanping, 353400, PR China
| | - Dongbo Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, PR China
| | - Shouwen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, PR China
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16
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Biochemical and genomic identification of novel thermophilic Bacillus licheniformis strains YNP1-TSU, YNP2-TSU, and YNP3-TSU with potential in 2,3-butanediol production from non-sterile food waste fermentation. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2021.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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17
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Maina S, Schneider R, Alexandri M, Papapostolou H, Nychas GJ, Koutinas A, Venus J. Volumetric oxygen transfer coefficient as fermentation control parameter to manipulate the production of either acetoin or D-2,3-butanediol using bakery waste. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 335:125155. [PMID: 34015563 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The formation of either acetoin or D-2,3-butanediol (D-BDO) by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens cultivated on bakery waste hydrolysates has been evaluated in bioreactor cultures by varying the volumetric oxygen transfer coefficient (kLa). The highest D-BDO production (55.2 g L-1) was attained in batch fermentations with kLa value of 64 h-1. Batch fermentations performed at 203 h-1 led to the highest productivity (2.16 g L-1h-1) and acetoin production (47.4 g L-1). The utilization of bakery waste hydrolysate in fed-batch cultures conducted at kLa of 110 h-1 led to combined production of acetoin, meso-BDO and D-BDO (103.9 g L-1). Higher kLa value (200 h-1) resulted to 65.9 g L-1 acetoin with 1.57 g L-1h-1 productivity. It has been demonstrated that the kLa value may divert the bacterial metabolism towards high acetoin or D-BDO production during fermentation carried out in crude bakery waste hydrolysates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Maina
- Agricultural University of Athens, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Roland Schneider
- Dept. Bioengineering, Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy (ATB), Max-Eyth-Allee 100, D-14469 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Maria Alexandri
- Agricultural University of Athens, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece; Dept. Bioengineering, Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy (ATB), Max-Eyth-Allee 100, D-14469 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Harris Papapostolou
- Agricultural University of Athens, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - George-John Nychas
- Agricultural University of Athens, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Apostolis Koutinas
- Agricultural University of Athens, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece.
| | - Joachim Venus
- Dept. Bioengineering, Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy (ATB), Max-Eyth-Allee 100, D-14469 Potsdam, Germany
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18
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Chu W, Jiang K, Lu P, Xu Y, Yang J, Wei X, Li L, Liu S, Wu Y, Wang S, Zhao H, Zhao H. Metabolic regulation and optimization of oxygen supply enhance the 2,3-butanediol yield of the novel Klebsiella sp. isolate FSoil 024. Biotechnol J 2021; 16:e2100279. [PMID: 34390606 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202100279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biogenic 2,3-butanediol (2,3-BDO) is a high-value-added compound that can be used as a liquid fuel and a platform chemical. Bioproduction of 2,3-BDO is an environmentally friendly choice. METHOD AND RESULTS Three recombinant derivatives of the novel Klebsiella sp. isolate FSoil 024 (WT) were constructed via different strategies including deletion of lactate dehydrogenase by λ-Red homologous recombination technology, overexpression of the small-noncoding RNA RyhB and a combination of both. The 2,3-BDO productivity of the mutants increased by 61.3-79%, and WT-Δldh/ryhB displayed the highest 2,3-BDO yield of 42.36 mM after 24 h of shake-flask fermentation. Glucose was shown as the best carbon source for 2,3-BDO production by WT-Δldh/ryhB. In addition, higher oxygenation was favorable for ideal product synthesis. The maximal 2,3-BDO yield of WT and WT-Δldh/ryhB were increased by 23.3 and 52.5% respectively compared to the control group in the presence of 70% oxygen (V:V' = O2 :(O2 +N2 )). CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS According to the present study, deletion of lactate dehydrogenase, RyhB overexpression and manipulation of oxygen supply showed great impacts on cell growth, 2,3-BDO productivity and cellular metabolism of the novel isolated strain Klebsiella sp. FSoil 024. This work would also provide insights for promoting 2,3-BDO biosynthesis for industrial applications. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanying Chu
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ke Jiang
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ping Lu
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yudong Xu
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiayao Yang
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuan Wei
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Li
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuxin Liu
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Wu
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shenghou Wang
- Experimental Teaching Center, College of Life Science, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hongxin Zhao
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongxin Zhao
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
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19
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Lee JW, Lee YG, Jin YS, Rao CV. Metabolic engineering of non-pathogenic microorganisms for 2,3-butanediol production. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:5751-5767. [PMID: 34287658 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11436-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
2,3-Butanediol (2,3-BDO) is a promising commodity chemical with various industrial applications. While petroleum-based chemical processes currently dominate the industrial production of 2,3-BDO, fermentation-based production of 2,3-BDO provides an attractive alternative to chemical-based processes with regards to economic and environmental sustainability. The achievement of high 2,3-BDO titer, yield, and productivity in microbial fermentation is a prerequisite for the production of 2,3-BDO at large scales. Also, enantiopure production of 2,3-BDO production is desirable because 2,3-BDO stereoisomers have unique physicochemical properties. Pursuant to these goals, many metabolic engineering strategies to improve 2,3-BDO production from inexpensive sugars by Klebsiella oxytoca, Bacillus species, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae have been developed. This review summarizes the recent advances in metabolic engineering of non-pathogenic microorganisms to enable efficient and enantiopure production of 2,3-BDO. KEY POINTS: • K. oxytoca, Bacillus species, and S. cerevisiae have been engineered to achieve efficient 2,3-BDO production. • Metabolic engineering of non-pathogenic microorganisms enabled enantiopure production of 2,3-BDO. • Cost-effective 2,3-BDO production can be feasible by using renewable biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Won Lee
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.,Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.,DOE Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Ye-Gi Lee
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.,DOE Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Yong-Su Jin
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.,Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.,DOE Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Christopher V Rao
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA. .,DOE Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA. .,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
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20
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Highly Efficient 2,3-Butanediol Production by Bacillus licheniformis via Complex Optimization of Nutritional and Technological Parameters. FERMENTATION 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation7030118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
2,3-Butanediol (2,3-BD) is a reagent with remarkable commercial use as a platform chemical in numerous industries. The present study aims to determine the capabilities of non-pathogenic and cellulolytic Bacillus licheniformis 24 as a 2,3-BD producer. By applying the Plackett–Burman design and response surface methodology through central composite design (CCD), a complex optimization of medium and process parameters was conducted. Thus, among ten studied factors of medium content, four components were evaluated with a significant positive effect on 2,3-BD formation. Their optimal values for 2,3-BD production (yeast extract, 13.38 g/L; tryptone, 6.41 g/L; K2HPO4, 4.2 g/L; MgSO4, 0.32 g/L), as well as the optimal temperature (37.8 °C), pH (6.23) and aeration rate (3.68 vvm) were predicted by CCD experiments and validated in a series of batch processes. In optimized batch fermentation of 200 g/L of glucose 91.23 g/L of 2,3-BD was obtained, with the overall productivity of 1.94 g/L/h and yield of 0.488 g/g. To reveal the maximum 2,3-BD tolerance of B. licheniformis 24, fed-batch fermentation was carried out. The obtained 138.8 g/L of 2,3-BD with a yield of 0.479 g/g and productivity of 1.16 g/L/h ranks the strain among the best 2,3-BD producers.
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21
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Bäumgen M, Dutschei T, Bornscheuer UT. Marine Polysaccharides: Occurrence, Enzymatic Degradation and Utilization. Chembiochem 2021; 22:2247-2256. [PMID: 33890358 PMCID: PMC8360166 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202100078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Macroalgae species are fast growing and their polysaccharides are already used as food ingredient due to their properties as hydrocolloids or they have potential high value bioactivity. The degradation of these valuable polysaccharides to access the sugar components has remained mostly unexplored so far. One reason is the high structural complexity of algal polysaccharides, but also the need for suitable enzyme cocktails to obtain oligo- and monosaccharides. Among them, there are several rare sugars with high value. Recently, considerable progress was made in the discovery of highly specific carbohydrate-active enzymes able to decompose complex marine carbohydrates such as carrageenan, laminarin, agar, porphyran and ulvan. This minireview summarizes these achievements and highlights potential applications of the now accessible abundant renewable resource of marine polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Bäumgen
- Department of Biotechnology & Enzyme CatalysisInstitute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald17487GreifswaldGermany
| | - Theresa Dutschei
- Department of Biotechnology & Enzyme CatalysisInstitute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald17487GreifswaldGermany
| | - Uwe T. Bornscheuer
- Department of Biotechnology & Enzyme CatalysisInstitute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald17487GreifswaldGermany
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Maina S, Prabhu AA, Vivek N, Vlysidis A, Koutinas A, Kumar V. Prospects on bio-based 2,3-butanediol and acetoin production: Recent progress and advances. Biotechnol Adv 2021; 54:107783. [PMID: 34098005 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2021.107783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The bio-based platform chemicals 2,3-butanediol (BDO) and acetoin have various applications in chemical, cosmetics, food, agriculture, and pharmaceutical industries, whereas the derivatives of BDO could be used as fuel additives, polymer and synthetic rubber production. This review summarizes the novel technological developments in adapting genetic and metabolic engineering strategies for selection and construction of chassis strains for BDO and acetoin production. The valorization of renewable feedstocks and bioprocess development for the upstream and downstream stages of bio-based BDO and acetoin production are discussed. The techno-economic aspects evaluating the viability and industrial potential of bio-based BDO production are presented. The commercialization of bio-based BDO and acetoin production requires the utilization of crude renewable resources, the chassis strains with high fermentation production efficiencies and development of sustainable purification or conversion technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Maina
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos, 75, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Ashish A Prabhu
- Centre for Climate and Environmental Protection, School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Cranfield MK43 0AL, UK
| | - Narisetty Vivek
- Centre for Climate and Environmental Protection, School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Cranfield MK43 0AL, UK
| | - Anestis Vlysidis
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos, 75, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Apostolis Koutinas
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos, 75, 11855 Athens, Greece.
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Centre for Climate and Environmental Protection, School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Cranfield MK43 0AL, UK.
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23
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C4 Bacterial Volatiles Improve Plant Health. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10060682. [PMID: 34072921 PMCID: PMC8227687 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10060682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) associated with plant roots can trigger plant growth promotion and induced systemic resistance. Several bacterial determinants including cell-wall components and secreted compounds have been identified to date. Here, we review a group of low-molecular-weight volatile compounds released by PGPR, which improve plant health, mostly by protecting plants against pathogen attack under greenhouse and field conditions. We particularly focus on C4 bacterial volatile compounds (BVCs), such as 2,3-butanediol and acetoin, which have been shown to activate the plant immune response and to promote plant growth at the molecular level as well as in large-scale field applications. We also disc/ uss the potential applications, metabolic engineering, and large-scale fermentation of C4 BVCs. The C4 bacterial volatiles act as airborne signals and therefore represent a new type of biocontrol agent. Further advances in the encapsulation procedure, together with the development of standards and guidelines, will promote the application of C4 volatiles in the field.
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24
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Das A, Prakash G, Lali AM. 2,3-Butanediol production using soy-based nitrogen source and fermentation process evaluation by a novel isolate of Bacillus licheniformis BL1. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2021; 51:1046-1055. [PMID: 33719922 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2021.1894443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
2,3-Butanediol (2,3-BDO) has varied applications in chemical, pharmaceutical, & food industry. Microorganisms belonging to Klebsiella, Enterobacter & Serratia genera are well-known producers of 2,3-BDO. However, they have limited usage in industrial-scale owing to their pathogenic nature. A nonpathogenic soil isolate identified as Bacillus licheniformis (BL1) was thus investigated for 2,3-BDO production. Soy flakes, soy flour, defatted soy, and soybean meal-based hydrolysates replaced yeast extract and peptone as nitrogen sources. Defatted soy flakes and soybean meal hydrolysate led to an equivalent 2,3-BDO yield and productivity as compared to that of Yeast Extract and peptone. The pH and oxygen variation influenced the proportion of various products of the mixed acid-butanediol pathway. Further, the batch mode fermentation with soy hydrolysate and optimized process parameter resulted in 2,3-BDO titer, yield and productivity of 11.06 g/L, 0.43 g/g and 0.48 g/L h respectively. Glucose concentration above 5% was inhibitory and led to reduction in the specific growth rate of BL1 in batch cultivation. Intermittent glucose feeding in fed-batch mode overcame this substrate limitation resulting in increased titers (49.8 g/L) and productivity (0.62 g/L h). Modified medium containing soy hydrolysate as nitrogen source with fermentation process optimization resulted in 67% decrease in medium cost for 2,3-BDO production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arijit Das
- DBT-ICT Centre for Energy Biosciences, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, India
| | - Gunjan Prakash
- DBT-ICT Centre for Energy Biosciences, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, India
| | - Arvind M Lali
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, India
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Zou D, Li L, Min Y, Ji A, Liu Y, Wei X, Wang J, Wen Z. Biosynthesis of a Novel Bioactive Metabolite of Spermidine from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens: Gene Mining, Sequence Analysis, and Combined Expression. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:267-274. [PMID: 33356220 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c07143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Spermidine is a biologically active polyamine with extensive application potential in functional foods. However, previously reported spermidine titers by biosynthesis methods are relatively low, which hinders its industrial application. To improve the spermidine titer, key genes affecting the spermidine production were mined to modify Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. Genes of S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (speD) and spermidine synthase (speE) from different microorganisms were expressed and compared in B. amyloliquefaciens. Therein, the speD from Escherichia coli and speE from Saccharomyces cerevisiae were confirmed to be optimal for spermidine synthesis, respectively. Gene and amino acid sequence analysis further confirmed the function of speD and speE. Then, these two genes were co-expressed to generate a recombinant strain B. amyloliquefaciens HSAM2(PDspeD-SspeE) with a spermidine titer of 105.2 mg/L, improving by 11.0-fold compared with the control (HSAM2). Through optimization of the fermentation medium, the spermidine titer was increased to 227.4 mg/L, which was the highest titer among present reports. Moreover, the consumption of the substrate S-adenosylmethionine was consistent with the accumulation of spermidine, which contributed to understanding its synthesis pattern. In conclusion, two critical genes for spermidine synthesis were obtained, and an engineering B. amyloliquefaciens strain was constructed for enhanced spermidine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dian Zou
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Ministry of Education), College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Lu Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510610, China
| | - Yu Min
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Ministry of Education), College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Anying Ji
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Ministry of Education), College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yingli Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
| | - Xuetuan Wei
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Ministry of Education), College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
| | - Zhiyou Wen
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
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Song CW, Rathnasingh C, Park JM, Kwon M, Song H. CRISPR-Cas9 mediated engineering of Bacillus licheniformis for industrial production of (2R,3S)-butanediol. Biotechnol Prog 2020; 37:e3072. [PMID: 32964665 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.3072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Bacillus lichenformis is an industrially promising generally recognized as safe (GRAS) strain that can be used for the production of a valuable chemical, 2,3-butanediol (BDO). Conventional gene deletion vectors and/or methods are time-consuming and have poor efficiency. Therefore, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)-Cas9 mediated homologous recombination was used to engineer a newly isolated and UV-mutagenized B. licheniformis 4071-15 strain. With the help of a CRISPR-Cas9 system, this one-step process could be used for the deletion of ldh gene within 4 days with high-efficiency exceeding 60%. In addition, the sequential deletion of target genes for engineering studies was evaluated, and it was confirmed that a triple mutant strain (ldh, dgp, and acoR) could be obtained by repeated one-step cycles. Furthermore, a practical metabolic engineering study was carried out using a CRISPR-Cas9 system for the stereospecific production of (2R,3S)-BDO. The predicted (2R,3R)-butanediol dehydrogenase encoded by the gdh gene was selected as a target for the production of (2R,3S)-BDO, and the mutant was successfully obtained. The results show that the stereospecific production of (2R,3S)-BDO was possible with the gdh deletion mutant, while the 4071-15 host strain still generated 26% of (2R,3R)-BDO. It was also shown that the 4071-15 Δgdh mutant could produce 115 g/L of (2R,3S)-BDO in 64 hr by two-stage fed-batch fermentation. This study has shown the efficient development of a (2R,3S)-BDO producing B. licheniformis strain based on CRISPR-Cas9 and fermentation technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Woo Song
- Research and Development Center, GS Caltex Corporation, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Jong Myoung Park
- Research and Development Center, GS Caltex Corporation, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Mina Kwon
- Research and Development Center, GS Caltex Corporation, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyohak Song
- Research and Development Center, GS Caltex Corporation, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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Petrova P, Petlichka S, Petrov K. New Bacillus spp. with potential for 2,3-butanediol production from biomass. J Biosci Bioeng 2020; 130:20-28. [PMID: 32169317 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2020.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Zou D, Min Y, Liu Y, Wei X, Wang J. Identification of a Spermidine Synthase Gene from Soybean by Recombinant Expression, Transcriptional Verification, and Sequence Analysis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:2366-2372. [PMID: 32017555 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b07443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Spermidine possesses multiple healthy functions, and soybeans contain the most abundant spermidine. In this study, spermidine contents of soybeans from different varieties and production regions in China were evaluated, and a spermidine synthase gene (speE) was identified by recombinant expression, transcriptional verification, and sequence analysis. Spermidine contents of soybean samples from 18 varieties ranged 72.38-228.82 mg/kg, and those from 19 production regions ranged 134.64-242.32 mg/kg. The highest-spermidine sample GZ was used to clone four predicted speE genes. Expressing the gene speE5 improved the spermidine titer by 54% in Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, confirming that speE5 was involved in spermidine synthesis. Transcriptional verification was performed through a soybean germination model. Germination for 48 h led to a onefold increase of spermidine in samples SHX and HB, and corresponding speE5 transcriptional levels were improved by 26-fold and 18-fold, respectively, further verifying the function of speE5. Finally, the sequences of the speE5 gene and deduced amino acids were analyzed, and the conserved sites and catalysis mechanisms were presented. This study identified an active spermidine synthase gene from soybean for the first time, which provided an important gene resource for genetic breeding of spermidine-rich soybean or microbial cell factory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dian Zou
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health , Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU) , Beijing 100048 , China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Ministry of Education), College of Food Science and Technology , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan 430070 , China
| | - Yu Min
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health , Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU) , Beijing 100048 , China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Ministry of Education), College of Food Science and Technology , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan 430070 , China
| | - Yingli Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health , Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU) , Beijing 100048 , China
| | - Xuetuan Wei
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health , Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU) , Beijing 100048 , China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Ministry of Education), College of Food Science and Technology , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan 430070 , China
| | - Jing Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health , Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU) , Beijing 100048 , China
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Lü C, Ge Y, Cao M, Guo X, Liu P, Gao C, Xu P, Ma C. Metabolic Engineering of Bacillus licheniformis for Production of Acetoin. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:125. [PMID: 32154242 PMCID: PMC7047894 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetoin is a potential platform compound for a variety of chemicals. Bacillus licheniformis MW3, a thermophilic and generally regarded as safe (GRAS) microorganism, can produce 2,3-butanediol with a high concentration, yield, and productivity. In this study, B. licheniformis MW3 was metabolic engineered for acetoin production. After deleting two 2,3-butanediol dehydrogenases encoding genes budC and gdh, an engineered strain B. licheniformis MW3 (ΔbudCΔgdh) was constructed. Using fed-batch fermentation of B. licheniformis MW3 (ΔbudCΔgdh), 64.2 g/L acetoin was produced at a productivity of 2.378 g/[L h] and a yield of 0.412 g/g from 156 g/L glucose in 27 h. The fermentation process exhibited rather high productivity and yield of acetoin, indicating that B. licheniformis MW3 (ΔbudCΔgdh) might be a promising acetoin producer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanjuan Lü
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yongsheng Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Menghao Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoting Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Peihai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Chao Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ping Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cuiqing Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Establishment and application of multiplexed CRISPR interference system in Bacillus licheniformis. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 104:391-403. [PMID: 31745574 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-10230-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Bacillus licheniformis has been regarded as an outstanding microbial cell factory for the production of biochemicals and enzymes. Due to lack of genetic tools to repress gene expression, metabolic engineering and gene function elucidation are limited in this microbe. In this study, an integrated CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) system was constructed in B. licheniformis. Several endogenous genes, including yvmC, cypX, alsD, pta, ldh, and essential gene rpsC, were severed as the targets to test this CRISPRi system, and the repression efficiencies were ranged from 45.02 to 94.00%. Moreover, the multiple genes were simultaneously repressed with high efficiency using this CRISPRi system. As a case study, the genes involved in by-product synthetic and L-valine degradation pathways were selected as the silence targets to redivert metabolic flux toward L-valine synthesis. Repression of acetolactate decarboxylase (alsD) and leucine dehydrogenase (bcd) led to 90.48% and 80.09 % increases in L-valine titer, respectively. Compared with the control strain DW9i△leuA (1.47 g/L and 1.79 g/L), the L-valine titers of combinatorial strain DW9i△leuA/pHYi-alsD-bcd were increased by 1.27-fold and 2.89-fold, respectively, in flask and bioreactor. Collectively, this work provides a feasible approach for multiplex metabolic engineering and functional genome studies of B. licheniformis.
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Xie NZ, Li JX, Huang RB. Biological Production of (S)-acetoin: A State-of-the-Art Review. Curr Top Med Chem 2019; 19:2348-2356. [PMID: 31648637 DOI: 10.2174/1568026619666191018111424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Acetoin is an important four-carbon compound that has many applications in foods, chemical synthesis, cosmetics, cigarettes, soaps, and detergents. Its stereoisomer (S)-acetoin, a high-value chiral compound, can also be used to synthesize optically active drugs, which could enhance targeting properties and reduce side effects. Recently, considerable progress has been made in the development of biotechnological routes for (S)-acetoin production. In this review, various strategies for biological (S)- acetoin production are summarized, and their constraints and possible solutions are described. Furthermore, future prospects of biological production of (S)-acetoin are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neng-Zhong Xie
- National Engineering Research Center for Non-Food Biorefinery, State Key Laboratory of Non-Food Biomass and Enzyme Technology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-refinery, Guangxi Biomass Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, 98 Daling Road, Nanning, 530007, China
| | - Jian-Xiu Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Non-Food Biorefinery, State Key Laboratory of Non-Food Biomass and Enzyme Technology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-refinery, Guangxi Biomass Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, 98 Daling Road, Nanning, 530007, China
| | - Ri-Bo Huang
- National Engineering Research Center for Non-Food Biorefinery, State Key Laboratory of Non-Food Biomass and Enzyme Technology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-refinery, Guangxi Biomass Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, 98 Daling Road, Nanning, 530007, China.,State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, 530004, China
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32
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Engineering Bacillus velezensis with high production of acetoin primes strong induced systemic resistance in Arabidopsis thaliana. Microbiol Res 2019; 227:126297. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2019.126297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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33
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Transcriptional Changes in the Xylose Operon in Bacillus licheniformis and Their Use in Fermentation Optimization. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20184615. [PMID: 31540366 PMCID: PMC6769896 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The xylose operon is an efficient biological element used for the regulation of gene expression in Bacillus licheniformis. Although the mechanism underlying the xylose-mediated regulation of this operon has been elucidated, the transcriptional changes that occur under various fermentation conditions remain unclear. In this study, the effects of different conditions on xylose operon expression were investigated. Significant upregulation was observed during the transition from the logarithmic phase to the stationary phase (2.5-fold, n = 3, p < 0.01). Glucose suppressed transcription over 168-fold (n = 3, p < 0.01). Meanwhile, the inhibitory effect of glucose hardly strengthened at concentrations from 20 to 180 g/L. Furthermore, the transcription of the xylose operon increased at elevated temperatures (25-42 °C) and was optimal at a neutral pH (pH 6.5-7.0). Based on these findings, relevant fermentation strategies (delaying the induction time, using dextrin as a carbon source, increasing the fermentation temperature, and maintaining a neutral pH) were proposed. Subsequently, these strategies were validated through the use of maltogenic amylase as a reporter protein, as an 8-fold (n = 3, p < 0.01) increase in recombinant enzyme activity compared to that under unoptimized conditions was observed. This work contributes to the development of fermentation optimization and furthers the use of the xylose operon as an efficient expression element.
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Ruan L, Li L, Zou D, Jiang C, Wen Z, Chen S, Deng Y, Wei X. Metabolic engineering of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens for enhanced production of S-adenosylmethionine by coupling of an engineered S-adenosylmethionine pathway and the tricarboxylic acid cycle. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2019; 12:211. [PMID: 31516550 PMCID: PMC6732833 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-019-1554-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND S-Adenosylmethionine (SAM) is a critical cofactor involved in many biochemical reactions. However, the low fermentation titer of SAM in methionine-free medium hampers commercial-scale production. The SAM synthesis pathway is specially related to the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle in Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. Therefore, the SAM synthesis pathway was engineered and coupled with the TCA cycle in B. amyloliquefaciens to improve SAM production in methionine-free medium. RESULTS Four genes were found to significantly affect SAM production, including SAM2 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, metA and metB from Escherichia coli, and native mccA. These four genes were combined to engineer the SAM pathway, resulting in a 1.42-fold increase in SAM titer using recombinant strain HSAM1. The engineered SAM pathway was subsequently coupled with the TCA cycle through deletion of succinyl-CoA synthetase gene sucC, and the resulted HSAM2 mutant produced a maximum SAM titer of 107.47 mg/L, representing a 0.59-fold increase over HSAM1. Expression of SAM2 in this strain via a recombinant plasmid resulted in strain HSAM3 that produced 648.99 mg/L SAM following semi-continuous flask batch fermentation, a much higher yield than previously reported for methionine-free medium. CONCLUSIONS This study reports an efficient strategy for improving SAM production that can also be applied for generation of SAM cofactors supporting group transfer reactions, which could benefit metabolic engineering, chemical biology and synthetic biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liying Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Ministry of Education), College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Lu Li
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Ministry of Education), College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Dian Zou
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Ministry of Education), College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Cong Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Ministry of Education), College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Zhiyou Wen
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Ministry of Education), College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, 50011 USA
| | - Shouwen Chen
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062 China
| | - Yu Deng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology (NELCF), Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122 China
| | - Xuetuan Wei
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Ministry of Education), College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
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Unraveling the specific regulation of the shikimate pathway for tyrosine accumulation in Bacillus licheniformis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 46:1047-1059. [DOI: 10.1007/s10295-019-02213-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
l-Tyrosine serves as a common precursor for multiple valuable secondary metabolites. Synthesis of this aromatic amino acid in Bacillus licheniformis occurs via the shikimate pathway, but the underlying mechanisms involving metabolic regulation remain unclear. In this work, improved l-tyrosine accumulation was achieved in B. licheniformis via co-overexpression of aroGfbr and tyrAfbr from Escherichia coli to yield strain 45A12, and the l-tyrosine titer increased to 1005 mg/L with controlled glucose feeding. Quantitative RT-PCR results indicated that aroA, encoding DAHP synthase, and aroK, encoding shikimate kinase, were feedback-repressed by the end product l-tyrosine in the modified strain. Therefore, the native aroK was first expressed with multiple copies to yield strain 45A13, which could accumulate 1201 mg/L l-tyrosine. Compared with strain 45A12, the expression of aroB and aroF in strain 45A13 was upregulated by 21% and 27%, respectively, which may also have resulted in the improvement of l-tyrosine production. Furthermore, supplementation with 5 g/L shikimate enhanced the l-tyrosine titers of 45A12 and 45A13 by 29.1% and 24.0%, respectively. However, the yield of l-tyrosine per unit of shikimate decreased from 0.365 to 0.198 mol/mol after aroK overexpression in strain 45A12, which suggested that the gene product was also involved in uncharacterized pathways. This study provides a good starting point for further modification to achieve industrial-scale production of l-tyrosine using B. licheniformis, a generally recognized as safe workhorse.
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Mahipant G, Kato J, Kataoka N, Vangnai AS. An alternative genome-integrated method for undomesticated Bacillus subtilis and related species. J GEN APPL MICROBIOL 2019; 65:96-105. [PMID: 30487367 DOI: 10.2323/jgam.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Given their applicability in genetic engineering, undomesticated Bacillus strains are extensively used as non-natural hosts for chemical production due to their high tolerance of toxic substrates or products. However, they are difficult to genomically modify due to their low transformation efficiencies. In this study, the Bacillus-E. coli shuttle vector pHY300PLK, which is widely used in gram-positive bacteria, was adopted for genome integration in organic solvent-tolerant Bacillus isolates. The Bacillus-replicative vector was used to deliver homologous recombinant DNA and propagate itself inside the host cell, increasing the likelihood of genome integration of the recombinant DNA. Then, the unintegrated vectors were cured by cell cultivation in antibiotic-free medium with facilitation of nickel ions. The developed protocol was successfully demonstrated and validated by the disruption of amyE gene in B. subtilis 168. With an improved clonal selection protocol, the probability of clonal selection of the amyE::cat genome-integrated mutants was increased up to 42.0 ± 10.2%. Genome integration in undomesticated, organic solvent tolerant Bacillus strains was also successfully demonstrated with amyE as well as proB gene creating the gene-disrupted mutants with the corresponding phenotype and genotype. Not only was this technique effectively applied to several strains of undomesticated B. subtilis, but it was also successfully applied to B. cereus. This study validates the possibility of the application of Bacillus-replicative vector as well as the developed protocol in a variety of genome modification of undomesticated Bacillus species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gumpanat Mahipant
- Biological Sciences Program, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University.,Biocatalyst and Environmental Biotechnology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University
| | - Junichi Kato
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Graduate School of Advanced Sciences of Matter, Hiroshima University
| | - Naoya Kataoka
- Division of Agricultural Sciences, Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University.,Research Center for Thermotolerant Microbial Resources, Yamaguchi University
| | - Alisa S Vangnai
- Biocatalyst and Environmental Biotechnology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University.,Center of Excellence on Hazardous Substance Management (HSM), Chulalongkorn University
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Heyman B, Lamm R, Tulke H, Regestein L, Büchs J. Shake flask methodology for assessing the influence of the maximum oxygen transfer capacity on 2,3-butanediol production. Microb Cell Fact 2019; 18:78. [PMID: 31053124 PMCID: PMC6498610 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-019-1126-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Production of 2,3-butanediol from renewable resources is a promising measure to decrease the consumption of fossil resources in the chemical industry. One of the most influential parameters on biotechnological 2,3-butanediol production is the oxygen availability during the cultivation. As 2,3-butanediol is produced under microaerobic process conditions, a well-controlled oxygen supply is the key parameter to control biomass formation and 2,3-butanediol production. As biomass is on the one hand not the final product, but on the other hand the essential biocatalyst, the optimal compromise between biomass formation and 2,3-butanediol production has to be defined. RESULTS A shake flask methodology is presented to evaluate the effects of oxygen availability on 2,3-butanediol production with Bacillus licheniformis DSM 8785 by variation of the filling volume. A defined two-stage cultivation strategy was developed to investigate the metabolic response to different defined maximum oxygen transfer capacities at equal initial growth conditions. The respiratory quotient was measured online to determine the point of glucose depletion, as 2,3-butanediol is consumed afterwards. Based on this strategy, comparable results to stirred tank reactors were achieved. The highest space-time yield (1.3 g/L/h) and a 2,3-butanediol concentration of 68 g/L combined with low acetoin concentrations and avoided glycerol formation were achieved at a maximum oxygen transfer capacity of 13 mmol/L/h. The highest overall 2,3-butanediol concentration of 78 g/L was observed at a maximum oxygen transfer capacity of 4 mmol/L/h. CONCLUSIONS The presented shake flask approach reduces the experimental effort and costs providing a fast and reliable methodology to investigate the effects of oxygen availability. This can be applied especially on product and by-product formation under microaerobic conditions. Utilization of the maximum oxygen transfer capacity as measure for the oxygen availability allows for an easy adaption to other bioreactor setups and scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Heyman
- RWTH Aachen University, AVT-Biochemical Engineering, Forckenbeckstraße 51, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Robin Lamm
- RWTH Aachen University, AVT-Biochemical Engineering, Forckenbeckstraße 51, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Hannah Tulke
- RWTH Aachen University, AVT-Biochemical Engineering, Forckenbeckstraße 51, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Lars Regestein
- RWTH Aachen University, AVT-Biochemical Engineering, Forckenbeckstraße 51, 52074, Aachen, Germany.,Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, HKI Beutenbergstraße 11a, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Jochen Büchs
- RWTH Aachen University, AVT-Biochemical Engineering, Forckenbeckstraße 51, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
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Deciphering metabolic responses of biosurfactant lichenysin on biosynthesis of poly-γ-glutamic acid. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:4003-4015. [PMID: 30923871 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-09750-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) is an extracellularly produced biodegradable polymer, which has been widely used as agricultural fertilizer, mineral fortifier, cosmetic moisturizer, and drug carrier. This study firstly discovered that lichenysin, as a biosurfactant, showed the capability to enhance γ-PGA production in Bacillus licheniformis. The exogenous addition of lichenysin improved the γ-PGA yield up to 17.9% and 21.9%, respectively, in the native strain B. licheniformis WX-02 and the lichenysin-deficient strain B. licheniformis WX02-ΔlchAC. The capability of intracellular biosynthesis of lichenysin was positively correlated with γ-PGA production. The yield of γ-PGA increased by 25.1% in the lichenysin-enhanced strain B. licheniformis WX02-Psrflch and decreased by 12.2% in the lichenysin-deficient strain WX02-ΔlchAC. Analysis of key enzyme activities and gene expression in the TCA cycle, precursor glutamate synthesis, and γ-PGA synthesis pathway revealed that the existence of lichenysin led to increased γ-PGA via shifting the carbon flux in the TCA cycle towards glutamate and γ-PGA biosynthetic pathways, minimizing by-product formation, and facilitating the uptake of extracellular substrates and the polymerization of glutamate to γ-PGA. Insight into the mechanisms of enhanced production of γ-PGA by lichenysin would define the essential parameters involved in γ-PGA biosynthesis and provide the basis for large-scale production of γ-PGA.
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de Paula RG, Antoniêto ACC, Ribeiro LFC, Srivastava N, O'Donovan A, Mishra PK, Gupta VK, Silva RN. Engineered microbial host selection for value-added bioproducts from lignocellulose. Biotechnol Adv 2019; 37:107347. [PMID: 30771467 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Revised: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Lignocellulose is a rich and sustainable globally available carbon source and is considered a prominent alternative raw material for producing biofuels and valuable chemical compounds. Enzymatic hydrolysis is one of the crucial steps of lignocellulose degradation. Cellulolytic and hemicellulolytic enzyme mixes produced by different microorganisms including filamentous fungi, yeasts and bacteria, are used to degrade the biomass to liberate monosaccharides and other compounds for fermentation or conversion to value-added products. During biomass pretreatment and degradation, toxic compounds are produced, and undesirable carbon catabolic repression (CCR) can occur. In order to solve this problem, microbial metabolic pathways and transcription factors involved have been investigated along with the application of protein engineering to optimize the biorefinery platform. Engineered Microorganisms have been used to produce specific enzymes to breakdown biomass polymers and metabolize sugars to produce ethanol as well other biochemical compounds. Protein engineering strategies have been used for modifying lignocellulolytic enzymes to overcome enzymatic limitations and improving both their production and functionality. Furthermore, promoters and transcription factors, which are key proteins in this process, are modified to promote microbial gene expression that allows a maximum performance of the hydrolytic enzymes for lignocellulosic degradation. The present review will present a critical discussion and highlight the aspects of the use of microorganisms to convert lignocellulose into value-added bioproduct as well combat the bottlenecks to make the biorefinery platform from lignocellulose attractive to the market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato Graciano de Paula
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Liliane Fraga Costa Ribeiro
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Neha Srivastava
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Technology, IIT (BHU), Varanasi 221005, U.P, India
| | - Anthonia O'Donovan
- School of Science and Computing, Galway-Mayo Institute of Technology, Galway, Ireland
| | - P K Mishra
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Technology, IIT (BHU), Varanasi 221005, U.P, India
| | - Vijai K Gupta
- ERA Chair of Green Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia.
| | - Roberto N Silva
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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Zhan Y, Sheng B, Wang H, Shi J, Cai D, Yi L, Yang S, Wen Z, Ma X, Chen S. Rewiring glycerol metabolism for enhanced production of poly-γ-glutamic acid in Bacillus licheniformis. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2018; 11:306. [PMID: 30455735 PMCID: PMC6225680 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-018-1311-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) is a natural polymer with great potential applications in areas of agriculture, industry, and pharmaceutical. The biodiesel-derived glycerol can be used as an attractive feedstock for γ-PGA production due to its availability and low price; however, insufficient production of γ-PGA from glycerol is limitation. RESULTS The metabolic pathway of Bacillus licheniformis WX-02 was rewired to improve the efficiency of glycerol assimilation and the supply of NADPH for γ-PGA synthesis. GlpK, GlpX, Zwf, and Tkt1 were found to be the key enzymes for γ-PGA synthesis using glycerol as a feedstock. Through combinational expression of these key enzymes, the γ-PGA titer increased to 19.20 ± 1.57 g/L, which was 1.50-fold of that of the wild-type strain. Then, we studied the flux distributions, gene expression, and intracellular metabolites in WX-02 and the recombinant strain BC4 (over-expression of the above quadruple enzymes). Our results indicated that over-expression of the quadruple enzymes redistributed metabolic flux to γ-PGA synthesis. Furthermore, using crude glycerol as carbon source, the BC4 strain showed a high productivity of 0.38 g/L/h, and produced 18.41 g/L γ-PGA, with a high yield of 0.46 g γ-PGA/g glycerol. CONCLUSIONS The approach to rewiring of metabolic pathways enables B. licheniformis to efficiently synthesize γ-PGA from glycerol. The γ-PGA productivity reported in this work is the highest obtained in glutamate-free medium. The present study demonstrates that the recombinant B. licheniformis strain shows significant potential to produce valuable compounds from crude glycerol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, 368 Youyi Avenue, Wuhan, 430062 Hubei People’s Republic of China
| | - Bojie Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 People’s Republic of China
| | - Huan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, 368 Youyi Avenue, Wuhan, 430062 Hubei People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiao Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, 368 Youyi Avenue, Wuhan, 430062 Hubei People’s Republic of China
| | - Dongbo Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, 368 Youyi Avenue, Wuhan, 430062 Hubei People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, 368 Youyi Avenue, Wuhan, 430062 Hubei People’s Republic of China
| | - Shihui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, 368 Youyi Avenue, Wuhan, 430062 Hubei People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiyou Wen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 People’s Republic of China
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011 USA
| | - Xin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, 368 Youyi Avenue, Wuhan, 430062 Hubei People’s Republic of China
| | - Shouwen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, 368 Youyi Avenue, Wuhan, 430062 Hubei People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 People’s Republic of China
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2,3-Butanediol production by the non-pathogenic bacterium Paenibacillus brasilensis. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:8773-8782. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9312-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Cai D, Chen Y, He P, Wang S, Mo F, Li X, Wang Q, Nomura CT, Wen Z, Ma X, Chen S. Enhanced production of poly-γ-glutamic acid by improving ATP supply in metabolically engineered Bacillus licheniformis. Biotechnol Bioeng 2018; 115:2541-2553. [PMID: 29940069 DOI: 10.1002/bit.26774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) is an important multifunctional biopolymer with various applications, for which adenosine triphosphate (ATP) supply plays a vital role in biosynthesis. In this study, the enhancement of γ-PGA production was attempted through various approaches of improving ATP supply in the engineered strains of Bacillus licheniformis. The first approach is to engineer respiration chain branches of B. licheniformis, elimination of cytochrome bd oxidase branch reduced the maintenance coefficient, leading to a 19.27% increase of γ-PGA yield. The second approach is to introduce Vitreoscilla hemoglobin (VHB) into recombinant B. licheniformis, led to a 13.32% increase of γ-PGA yield. In the third approach, the genes purB and adK in ATP-biosynthetic pathway were respectively overexpressed, with the AdK overexpressed strain increased γ-PGA yield by 14.69%. Our study also confirmed that the respiratory nitrate reductase, NarGHIJ, is responsible for the conversion of nitrate to nitrite, and assimilatory nitrate reductase NasBC is for conversion of nitrite to ammonia. Both NarGHIJ and NasBC were positively regulated by the two-component system ResD-ResE, and overexpression of NarG, NasC, and ResD also improved the ATP supply and the consequent γ-PGA yield. Based on the above individual methods, a method of combining the deletion of cydBC gene and overexpression of genes vgB, adK, and resD were used to enhance ATP content of the cells to 3.53 μmol/g of DCW, the mutant WX-BCVAR with this enhancement produced 43.81 g/L of γ-PGA, a 38.64% improvement compared to wild-type strain WX-02. Collectively, our results demonstrate that improving ATP content in B. licheniformis is an efficient strategy to improve γ-PGA production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongbo Cai
- Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yaozhong Chen
- Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Penghui He
- Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shiyi Wang
- Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fei Mo
- Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Li
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation, School of food and biological engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qin Wang
- Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Christopher T Nomura
- Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Chemistry, The State University of New York, College of Environmental Science and Forestry (SUNY ESF), Iowa State University, Syracuse, New York
| | - Zhiyou Wen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa
| | - Xin Ma
- Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shouwen Chen
- Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
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Othoum G, Bougouffa S, Razali R, Bokhari A, Alamoudi S, Antunes A, Gao X, Hoehndorf R, Arold ST, Gojobori T, Hirt H, Mijakovic I, Bajic VB, Lafi FF, Essack M. In silico exploration of Red Sea Bacillus genomes for natural product biosynthetic gene clusters. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:382. [PMID: 29788916 PMCID: PMC5964695 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-4796-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The increasing spectrum of multidrug-resistant bacteria is a major global public health concern, necessitating discovery of novel antimicrobial agents. Here, members of the genus Bacillus are investigated as a potentially attractive source of novel antibiotics due to their broad spectrum of antimicrobial activities. We specifically focus on a computational analysis of the distinctive biosynthetic potential of Bacillus paralicheniformis strains isolated from the Red Sea, an ecosystem exposed to adverse, highly saline and hot conditions. RESULTS We report the complete circular and annotated genomes of two Red Sea strains, B. paralicheniformis Bac48 isolated from mangrove mud and B. paralicheniformis Bac84 isolated from microbial mat collected from Rabigh Harbor Lagoon in Saudi Arabia. Comparing the genomes of B. paralicheniformis Bac48 and B. paralicheniformis Bac84 with nine publicly available complete genomes of B. licheniformis and three genomes of B. paralicheniformis, revealed that all of the B. paralicheniformis strains in this study are more enriched in nonribosomal peptides (NRPs). We further report the first computationally identified trans-acyltransferase (trans-AT) nonribosomal peptide synthetase/polyketide synthase (PKS/ NRPS) cluster in strains of this species. CONCLUSIONS B. paralicheniformis species have more genes associated with biosynthesis of antimicrobial bioactive compounds than other previously characterized species of B. licheniformis, which suggests that these species are better potential sources for novel antibiotics. Moreover, the genome of the Red Sea strain B. paralicheniformis Bac48 is more enriched in modular PKS genes compared to B. licheniformis strains and other B. paralicheniformis strains. This may be linked to adaptations that strains surviving in the Red Sea underwent to survive in the relatively hot and saline ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghofran Othoum
- Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Salim Bougouffa
- Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Rozaimi Razali
- Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ameerah Bokhari
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Soha Alamoudi
- Department of Biology, Science and Arts College, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh, 21589 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - André Antunes
- Biology Department, Edge Hill University, L39 4QP, Ormskirk, Lancashire UK
| | - Xin Gao
- Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Robert Hoehndorf
- Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Stefan T. Arold
- Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Takashi Gojobori
- Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Heribert Hirt
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ivan Mijakovic
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Division of Systems & Synthetic Biology, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Vladimir B. Bajic
- Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Feras F. Lafi
- Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratories, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Madaba, PO Box 2882, Madaba, Amman JO-11821 Jordan
| | - Magbubah Essack
- Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Drejer EB, Hakvåg S, Irla M, Brautaset T. Genetic Tools and Techniques for Recombinant Expression in Thermophilic Bacillaceae. Microorganisms 2018; 6:microorganisms6020042. [PMID: 29748477 PMCID: PMC6027425 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms6020042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Although Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis are the most prominent bacterial hosts for recombinant protein production by far, additional species are being explored as alternatives for production of difficult-to-express proteins. In particular, for thermostable proteins, there is a need for hosts able to properly synthesize, fold, and excrete these in high yields, and thermophilic Bacillaceae represent one potentially interesting group of microorganisms for such purposes. A number of thermophilic Bacillaceae including B.methanolicus, B.coagulans, B.smithii, B.licheniformis, Geobacillus thermoglucosidasius, G. kaustophilus, and G. stearothermophilus are investigated concerning physiology, genomics, genetic tools, and technologies, altogether paving the way for their utilization as hosts for recombinant production of thermostable and other difficult-to-express proteins. Moreover, recent successful deployments of CRISPR/Cas9 in several of these species have accelerated the progress in their metabolic engineering, which should increase their attractiveness for future industrial-scale production of proteins. This review describes the biology of thermophilic Bacillaceae and in particular focuses on genetic tools and methods enabling use of these organisms as hosts for recombinant protein production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eivind B Drejer
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, NTNU: Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Sigrid Hakvåg
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, NTNU: Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Marta Irla
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, NTNU: Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Trygve Brautaset
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, NTNU: Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway.
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Production of optically pure 2,3-butanediol from Miscanthus floridulus hydrolysate using engineered Bacillus licheniformis strains. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 34:66. [PMID: 29687256 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-018-2450-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
2,3-Butanediol (2,3-BD) can be produced by fermentation of natural resources like Miscanthus. Bacillus licheniformis mutants, WX-02ΔbudC and WX-02ΔgldA, were elucidated for the potential to use Miscanthus as a cost-effective biomass to produce optically pure 2,3-BD. Both WX-02ΔbudC and WX-02ΔgldA could efficiently use xylose as well as mixed sugars of glucose and xylose to produce optically pure 2,3-BD. Batch fermentation of M. floridulus hydrolysate could produce 21.6 g/L D-2,3-BD and 23.9 g/L meso-2,3-BD in flask, and 13.8 g/L D-2,3-BD and 13.2 g/L meso-2,3-BD in bioreactor for WX-02ΔbudC and WX-02ΔgldA, respectively. Further fed-batch fermentation of hydrolysate in bioreactor showed both of two strains could produce optically pure 2,3-BD, with 32.2 g/L D-2,3-BD for WX-02ΔbudC and 48.5 g/L meso-2,3-BD for WX-02ΔgldA, respectively. Collectively, WX-02ΔbudC and WX-02ΔgldA can efficiently produce optically pure 2,3-BD with M. floridulus hydrolysate, and these two strains are candidates for industrial production of optical purity of 2,3-BD with M. floridulus hydrolysate.
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Yang Z, Zhang Z. Recent advances on production of 2, 3-butanediol using engineered microbes. Biotechnol Adv 2018; 37:569-578. [PMID: 29608949 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2018.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2017] [Revised: 02/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
As a significant platform chemical, 2, 3-butanediol (2, 3-BD) has found wide applications in industry. The success of microbial 2, 3-BD production was limited by the use of pathogenic microorganisms and low titer in engineered hosts. The utilization of cheaply available feedstock such as lignocellulose was another major challenge to achieve economic production of 2, 3-BD. To address those issues, engineering strategies including both genetic modifications and process optimization have been employed. In this review, we summarized the state-of-the-art progress in the biotechnological production of 2, 3-BD. Metabolic engineering and process engineering strategies were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiliang Yang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Ottawa, 161 Louis Pasteur Private, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada.
| | - Zisheng Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Ottawa, 161 Louis Pasteur Private, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada.
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Efficient (3S)-Acetoin and (2S,3S)-2,3-Butanediol Production from meso-2,3-Butanediol Using Whole-Cell Biocatalysis. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23030691. [PMID: 29562693 PMCID: PMC6017632 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23030691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
(3S)-Acetoin and (2S,3S)-2,3-butanediol are important platform chemicals widely applied in the asymmetric synthesis of valuable chiral chemicals. However, their production by fermentative methods is difficult to perform. This study aimed to develop a whole-cell biocatalysis strategy for the production of (3S)-acetoin and (2S,3S)-2,3-butanediol from meso-2,3-butanediol. First, E. coli co-expressing (2R,3R)-2,3-butanediol dehydrogenase, NADH oxidase and Vitreoscilla hemoglobin was developed for (3S)-acetoin production from meso-2,3-butanediol. Maximum (3S)-acetoin concentration of 72.38 g/L with the stereoisomeric purity of 94.65% was achieved at 24 h under optimal conditions. Subsequently, we developed another biocatalyst co-expressing (2S,3S)-2,3-butanediol dehydrogenase and formate dehydrogenase for (2S,3S)-2,3-butanediol production from (3S)-acetoin. Synchronous catalysis together with two biocatalysts afforded 38.41 g/L of (2S,3S)-butanediol with stereoisomeric purity of 98.03% from 40 g/L meso-2,3-butanediol. These results exhibited the potential for (3S)-acetoin and (2S,3S)-butanediol production from meso-2,3-butanediol as a substrate via whole-cell biocatalysis.
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Yang Z, Zhang Z. Production of (2R, 3R)-2,3-butanediol using engineered Pichia pastoris: strain construction, characterization and fermentation. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2018; 11:35. [PMID: 29449883 PMCID: PMC5808657 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-018-1031-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 2,3-butanediol (2,3-BD) is a bulk platform chemical with various potential applications such as aviation fuel. 2,3-BD has three optical isomers: (2R, 3R)-, (2S, 3S)- and meso-2,3-BD. Optically pure 2,3-BD is a crucial precursor for the chiral synthesis and it can also be used as anti-freeze agent due to its low freezing point. 2,3-BD has been produced in both native and non-native hosts. Several pathogenic bacteria were reported to produce 2,3-BD in mixture of its optical isomers including Klebsiella pneumoniae and Klebsiella oxytoca. Engineered hosts based on episomal plasmid expression such as Escherichia coli, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Bacillus subtilis are not ideal for industrial fermentation due to plasmid instability. RESULTS Pichia pastoris is generally regarded as safe and a well-established host for high-level heterologous protein production. To produce pure (2R, 3R)-2,3-BD enantiomer, we developed a P. pastoris strain by introducing a synthetic pathway. The alsS and alsD genes from B. subtilis were codon-optimized and synthesized. The BDH1 gene from S. cerevisiae was cloned. These three pathway genes were integrated into the genome of P. pastoris and expressed under the control of GAP promoter. Production of (2R, 3R)-2,3-BD was achieved using glucose as feedstock. The optical purity of (2R, 3R)-2,3-BD was more than 99%. The titer of (2R, 3R)-2,3-BD reached 12 g/L with 40 g/L glucose as carbon source in shake flask fermentation. The fermentation conditions including pH, agitation speeds and aeration rates were optimized in batch cultivations. The highest titer of (2R, 3R)-2,3-BD achieved in fed-batch fermentation using YPD media was 45 g/L. The titer of 2,3-BD was enhanced to 74.5 g/L through statistical medium optimization. CONCLUSIONS The potential of engineering P. pastoris into a microbial cell factory for biofuel production was evaluated in this work using (2R, 3R)-2,3-BD as an example. Engineered P. pastoris could be a promising workhorse for the production of optically pure (2R, 3R)-2,3-BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiliang Yang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Ottawa, 161 Louis Pasteur Private, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5 Canada
| | - Zisheng Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Ottawa, 161 Louis Pasteur Private, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5 Canada
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Cai D, Hu S, Chen Y, Liu L, Yang S, Ma X, Chen S. Enhanced Production of Poly-γ-glutamic acid by Overexpression of the Global Anaerobic Regulator Fnr in Bacillus licheniformis WX-02. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2018; 185:958-970. [PMID: 29388009 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-018-2693-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Poly-γ-glutamic acid is a multi-functional biopolymer with various applications. ATP supply plays an important role in poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) synthesis. Global anaerobic regulator Fnr plays a key role in anaerobic adaptation and nitrate respiration, which might affect ATP generation during γ-PGA synthesis. In this study, we have improved γ-PGA production by overexpression of Fnr in Bacillus licheniformis WX-02. First, the gene fnr was knocked out in WX-02, and the γ-PGA yields have no significant differences between WX-02 and the fnr-deficient strain WXΔfnr in the medium without nitrate (BFC medium). However, the γ-PGA yield of 8.95 g/L, which was produced by WXΔfnr in the medium with nitrate addition (BFCN medium), decreased by 74% compared to WX-02 (34.53 g/L). Then, the fnr complementation strain WXΔfnr/pHY-fnr restored the γ-PGA synthesis capability, and γ-PGA yield was increased by 13% in the Fnr overexpression strain WX/pHY-fnr (39.96 g/L) in BFCN medium, compared to WX/pHY300 (35.41 g/L). Furthermore, the transcriptional levels of narK, narG, and hmp were increased by 5.41-, 4.93-, and 3.93-fold in WX/pHY-fnr, respectively, which led to the increases of nitrate consumption rate and ATP supply for γ-PGA synthesis. Collectively, Fnr affects γ-PGA synthesis mainly through manipulating the expression level of nitrate metabolism, and this study provides a novel strategy to improve γ-PGA production by overexpression of Fnr.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongbo Cai
- Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Shiying Hu
- Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Yaozhong Chen
- Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Li Liu
- Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Shihui Yang
- Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Xin Ma
- Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China.
| | - Shouwen Chen
- Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China.
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50
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Huo Y, Zhan Y, Wang Q, Li S, Yang S, Nomura CT, Wang C, Chen S. Acetolactate synthase (AlsS) in Bacillus licheniformis WX-02: enzymatic properties and efficient functions for acetoin/butanediol and L-valine biosynthesis. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2017; 41:87-96. [PMID: 29026998 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-017-1847-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Acetolactate synthase catalyzes two molecules of pyruvates to form α-acetolactate, which is further converted to acetoin and 2,3-butanediol. In this study, by heterologous expression in Escherichia coli, the enzymatic properties of acetolactate synthase (AlsS) from Bacillus licheniformis WX-02 were characterized. Its K m and k cat for pyruvate were 3.96 mM and 514/s, respectively. It has the optimal activity at pH 6.5, 37 °C and was feedback inhibited by L-valine, L-leucine and L-isoleucine. Furthermore, the alsS-deficient strain could not produce acetoin, 2,3-butanediol, and L-valine, while the complementary strain was able to restore these capacities. The alsS overexpressing strain produced higher amounts of acetoin/2,3-butanediol (57.06 g/L) and L-valine (2.68 mM), which were 10.90 and 92.80% higher than those of the control strain, respectively. This is the first report regarding the in-depth understanding of AlsS enzymatic properties and its functions in B. licheniformis, and overexpression of AlsS can effectively improve acetoin/2,3-butanediol and L-valine production in B. licheniformis. We envision that this AlsS can also be applied in the improvement of acetoin/2,3-butanediol and L-valine production in other microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Huo
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, 730070, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangyang Zhan
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, People's Republic of China
| | - Qin Wang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, People's Republic of China
| | - Shunyi Li
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, People's Republic of China
| | - Shihui Yang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, People's Republic of China
| | - Christopher T Nomura
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, People's Republic of China
- Department of Chemistry, The State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry (SUNY ESF), Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Changjun Wang
- Tobacco Research Institute of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430062, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shouwen Chen
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, People's Republic of China.
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China.
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