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Li L, Fu M, Chen F, Ji H, Zhou G, Chen L, Geng H, Guo J, Pei L, Sun J. The mediating effect of circulating inflammatory proteins on the relationship between gut microbiota and FD: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:23785. [PMID: 39390038 PMCID: PMC11466956 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-74717-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 09/27/2024] [Indexed: 10/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Functional dyspepsia (FD) is known to be influenced by gut microbiota (GM) and circulating inflammatory proteins (CIPs), however, the causal relationship between GM, CIPs and FD haven't been investigated. This study employed two-sample Mendelian Randomization (TSMR) to investigate their associations using data from Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS). In this study, Inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method was employed as the primary analysis, with supplementary approaches including weighted median, weighted mode, simple mode, and MR-Egger. Heterogeneity and pleiotropy were assessed using the Cochrane Q test, MR-Egger intercept test, and MR-PRESSO global test. Totally, 196 GM traits and 91 CIPs were analyzed, and the results uncovered the causal impact of 12 GM taxa and 5 proteins on functional dyspepsia (FD). 9 GM genera were linked to a reduced risk of FD, while 3 GM genera were associated with an increased risk of FD.Additionally, reverse analysis revealed no FD-GM causation. Furthermore, IL-12, IL-10, CXCL10, CXCL9 and VEGFA were significantly correlated with FD, with CXCL9 and VEGFA acting as mediators in the association between GM traits and FD. Taken together, our findings established a link between specific GM and CIPs in the pathogenesis of FD, offering novel insights for its diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Department of Acupuncture and Rehabilitation, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Minhan Fu
- Department of Acupuncture and Rehabilitation, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Feiyi Chen
- Department of Acupuncture and Rehabilitation, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Huijie Ji
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Guowei Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Lu Chen
- Department of Acupuncture and Rehabilitation, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Hao Geng
- Department of Acupuncture and Rehabilitation, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Jing Guo
- College of Health and Rehabilitation, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Lixia Pei
- Department of Acupuncture and Rehabilitation, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China.
| | - Jianhua Sun
- Department of Acupuncture and Rehabilitation, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China.
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Liu J, Guo J, Whitmore MA, Tobin I, Kim DM, Zhao Z, Zhang G. Dynamic response of the intestinal microbiome to Eimeria maxima-induced coccidiosis in chickens. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0082324. [PMID: 39248475 PMCID: PMC11448223 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00823-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Eimeria maxima is a major cause of coccidiosis in chickens and a key predisposing factor for other economically significant diseases such as necrotic enteritis. However, a detailed understanding of the intestinal microbiome response to E. maxima infection is still lacking. This study aimed to comprehensively investigate the dynamic changes of the intestinal microbiome for 14 days post-infection (dpi) with E. maxima. Bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed with the ileal and cecal digesta collected from mock and E. maxima-infected chickens at the prepatent (3 dpi), acute (5 and 7 dpi), and recovery phases (10 and 14 dpi) of infection. Although no notable changes were observed at 3 dpi, significant alterations of the microbiota occurred in both the ileum and cecum at 5 and 7 dpi. By 14 dpi, the intestinal microbiota tended to return to a healthy state. Notably, Lactobacillus was enriched in response to E. maxima infection in both the ileum and cecum, although individual Lactobacillus, Ligilactobacillus, and Limosilactobacillus species varied in the temporal pattern of response. Concurrently, major short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria, such as Faecalibacterium, were progressively suppressed by E. maxima in the cecum. On the other hand, opportunistic pathogens such as Escherichia, Enterococcus, and Staphylococcus were significantly enriched in the ileum during acute infection. IMPORTANCE We have observed for the first time the dynamic response of the intestinal microbiota to Eimeria maxima infection, synchronized with its life cycle. Minimal changes occur in both the ileal and cecal microbiota during early infection, while significant alterations coincide with acute infection and disruption of the intestinal mucosal lining. As animals recover from coccidiosis, the intestinal microbiota largely returns to normal. E. maxima-induced intestinal inflammation likely creates an environment conducive to the growth of aerotolerant anaerobes such as Lactobacillus, as well as facultative anaerobes such as Escherichia, Enterococcus, and Staphylococcus, while suppressing the growth of obligate anaerobes such as short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria. These findings expand our understanding of the temporal dynamics of the microbiota structure during Eimeria infection and offer insights into the pathogenesis of coccidiosis, supporting the rationale for microbiome-based strategies in the control and prevention of this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Jiaqing Guo
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Melanie A. Whitmore
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Isabel Tobin
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Dohyung M. Kim
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Zijun Zhao
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Guolong Zhang
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
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Du P, Yang J, Xiang W, Chen Y, Wen X, Wang N, Xian S, Wang B. Traditional Chinese medicine formulation ChangQing compound has significant therapeutic effects on chickens infected with Eimeria tenella. Vet Parasitol 2024; 331:110293. [PMID: 39216333 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2024.110293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 08/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Coccidiosis poses a significant challenge to the poultry industry. However, the excessive and improper use of anticoccidial drugs and vaccines has led to resistance and food safety concerns. Consequently, traditional Chinese herbs have garnered attention as a potentially safer and more effective alternative. ChangQing compound derived from various Chinese herbal medicines is a promising anticoccidiosis agent, but its therapeutic effects have not been comprehensively evaluated. This study aimed to assess the therapeutic efficacy of ChangQing Compound against Eimeria tenella-induced coccidiosis in chickens on the basis of physiological indicators, cecum lesions, and changes in microbial diversity. The comparison with the positive control group revealed the average weight gain (AWG) and anticoccidial index (ACI) of the chicks were significantly higher, in contrast, the feed conversion ratio (FCR), cecal lesion score (CLS), and oocyst count per gram of cecal content (OPG) were significantly lower (P<0.05). Notably, AWG (138.87 g), OPG (0.57 × 106), ACI (177.92), and FCR (2.51) reflected the significant therapeutic effect of the 2.5 g/L ChangQing compound treatment (CQM). Histological sections showed that the cecal villus damage and intestinal wall swelling were minimal in the CQM, consistent with the CLS (0.73). Additionally, the 2.5 g/L ChangQing compound treatment effectively prevented the decrease of red blood cells, platelets, and hemoglobin, while promoting the release of anti-inflammatory factors interleukin-10 and interleukin-4, and inhibiting the pro-inflammatory factors interferon-γ and interleukin-17. The microbial community structure in the CQM was most similar to that of the negative control group. In summary, ChangQing compound had multiple positive effects (e.g., promoting weight gain, alleviating anemia, suppressing coccidial proliferation, reducing intestinal damage, modulating immunity, and maintaining intestinal microbiota homeostasis). The study results may be relevant to developing a novel strategy for the clinical management of coccidiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Du
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province 550025, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Veterinary Public Health of Guizhou Province (Cultivation), Guiyang, Guizhou Province 550025, PR China
| | - Jiajia Yang
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province 550025, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Veterinary Public Health of Guizhou Province (Cultivation), Guiyang, Guizhou Province 550025, PR China
| | - Wanjiang Xiang
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province 550025, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Veterinary Public Health of Guizhou Province (Cultivation), Guiyang, Guizhou Province 550025, PR China
| | - Ying Chen
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province 550025, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Veterinary Public Health of Guizhou Province (Cultivation), Guiyang, Guizhou Province 550025, PR China
| | - Xin Wen
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province 550025, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Veterinary Public Health of Guizhou Province (Cultivation), Guiyang, Guizhou Province 550025, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province 550025, PR China
| | - Naixiu Wang
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province 550025, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Veterinary Public Health of Guizhou Province (Cultivation), Guiyang, Guizhou Province 550025, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province 550025, PR China
| | - Simei Xian
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province 550025, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Veterinary Public Health of Guizhou Province (Cultivation), Guiyang, Guizhou Province 550025, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province 550025, PR China
| | - Bi Wang
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province 550025, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Veterinary Public Health of Guizhou Province (Cultivation), Guiyang, Guizhou Province 550025, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province 550025, PR China.
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Tang J, Wang Q, Yu H, Dong L, Tang M, Arif A, Zhang G, Zhang T, Xie K, Su S, Zhao Z, Dai G. A Comparison of the Cecal Microbiota between the Infection and Recovery Periods in Chickens with Different Susceptibilities to Eimeria tenella. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:2709. [PMID: 39335298 PMCID: PMC11428751 DOI: 10.3390/ani14182709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2024] [Revised: 09/04/2024] [Accepted: 09/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
To investigate the effect of Eimeria tenella (E. tenella) infection on the cecal microbiota, resistant and susceptible families were screened out based on the coccidiosis resistance evaluation indexes after E. tenella infection. Subsequently, a comparative analysis of cecal microorganisms among control, resistant, and susceptible groups as well as between different periods following the E. tenella challenge was conducted using metagenomic sequencing technology. The results showed that the abundance of opportunistic pathogens, such as Pantoea, Sporomusa, and Pasteurella in the susceptible group and Helicobacter and Sutterella in the resistant group, was significantly higher on day 27 post-inoculation (PI) (the recovery period) than on day 5 PI (the infection period). Additionally, the abundance of Alistipes, Butyricicoccus, and Eubacterium in the susceptible group and Coprococcus, Roseburia, Butyricicoccus, and Lactobacillus in the resistant group showed a significant upward trend during the infection period compared with that in the recovery period. On day 5 PI, the abundance of Faecalibacterium and Lactobacillus was decreased in both the resistant and susceptible groups when compared with that in the control group and was greater in the resistant group than in the susceptible group, while Alistipes in the susceptible group had a relatively higher abundance than that in other groups. A total of 49 biomarker taxa were identified using the linear discriminant analysis (LDA) effect size (LEfSe) method. Of these, the relative abundance of Lactobacillus aviarius, Lactobacillus salivarius, Roseburia, and Ruminococcus gauvreauii was increased in the resistant group, while Bacteroides_sp__AGMB03916, Fusobacterium_mortiferum, Alistipes_sp__An31A, and Alistipes_sp__Marseille_P5061 were enriched in the susceptible group. On day 27 PI, LDA scores identified 43 biomarkers, among which the relative abundance of Elusimicrobium_sp__An273 and Desulfovibrio_sp__An276 was increased in the resistant group, while that of Bacteroides_sp__43_108, Chlamydiia, Chlamydiales, and Sutterella_sp__AM11 39 was augmented in the susceptible group. Our results indicated that E. tenella infection affects the structure of the cecal microbiota during both the challenge and recovery periods. These findings will enhance the understanding of the effects of changes in the cecal microbiota on chickens after coccidia infection and provide a reference for further research on the mechanisms underlying how the intestinal microbiota influence the growth and health of chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqiang Tang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China
| | - Qi Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China
| | - Hailiang Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China
| | - Liyue Dong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China
| | - Meihui Tang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China
| | - Areej Arif
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China
| | - Genxi Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China
| | - Kaizhou Xie
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China
| | - Shijie Su
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China
| | - Zhenhua Zhao
- Poultry Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yangzhou 225125, China
| | - Guojun Dai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China
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Akram MZ, Sureda EA, Comer L, Corion M, Everaert N. Assessing the impact of hatching system and body weight on the growth performance, caecal short-chain fatty acids, and microbiota composition and functionality in broilers. Anim Microbiome 2024; 6:41. [PMID: 39049129 PMCID: PMC11271025 DOI: 10.1186/s42523-024-00331-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Variations in body weight (BW) remain a significant challenge within broiler flocks, despite uniform management practices. Chicken growth traits are influenced by gut microbiota, which are in turn shaped by early-life events like different hatching environments and timing of first feeding. Chicks hatched in hatcheries (HH) experience prolonged feed deprivation, which could adversely impact early microbiota colonization. Conversely, hatching on-farm (HOF) allows early feeding, potentially fostering a more favorable gut environment for beneficial microbial establishment. This study investigates whether BW differences among broilers are linked to the disparities in gut microbiota characteristics and whether hatching systems (HS) impact the initial microbial colonization of broilers differing in BW, which in turn affects their growth patterns. Male Ross-308 chicks, either hatched in a hatchery or on-farm, were categorized into low (LBW) and high (HBW) BW groups on day 7, making a two-factorial design (HS × BW). Production parameters were recorded periodically. On days 7, 14, and 38, cecal volatile fatty acid (VFA) and microbiota composition and function (using 16 S rRNA gene sequencing and PICRUSt2) were examined. RESULTS HOF chicks had higher day 1 BW, but HH chicks caught up within first week, with no further HS-related performance differences. The HBW chicks remained heavier attributed to higher feed intake rather than improved feed efficiency. HBW group had higher acetate concentration on day 14, while LBW group exhibited higher isocaproate on day 7 and isobutyrate on days 14 and 38. Microbiota analyses revealed diversity and composition were primarily influenced by BW than by HS, with HS having minimal impact on BW-related microbiota. The HBW group on various growth stages was enriched in VFA-producing bacteria like unclassified Lachnospiraceae, Alistipes and Faecalibacterium, while the LBW group had higher abundances of Lactobacillus, Akkermansia and Escherichia-Shigella. HBW microbiota presented higher predicted functional potential compared to the LBW group, with early colonizers exhibiting greater metabolic activity than late colonizers. CONCLUSIONS Despite differences in hatching conditions, the effects of HS on broiler performance were transient, and barely impacting BW-related microbiota. BW variations among broilers are likely linked to differences in feed intake, VFA profiles, and distinct microbiota compositions and functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Zeeshan Akram
- Nutrition and Animal-Microbiota Ecosystems Laboratory, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Heverlee, 3000, Belgium
- Precision Livestock and Nutrition Laboratory, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, University of Liège, Gembloux, B-5030, Belgium
| | - Ester Arévalo Sureda
- Nutrition and Animal-Microbiota Ecosystems Laboratory, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Heverlee, 3000, Belgium
| | - Luke Comer
- Nutrition and Animal-Microbiota Ecosystems Laboratory, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Heverlee, 3000, Belgium
| | - Matthias Corion
- Nutrition and Animal-Microbiota Ecosystems Laboratory, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Heverlee, 3000, Belgium
| | - Nadia Everaert
- Nutrition and Animal-Microbiota Ecosystems Laboratory, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Heverlee, 3000, Belgium.
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Nguyen BT, Yim D, Flores RA, Lee SY, Kim WH, Jung SH, Kim S, Min W. Large-Scale Field Trials of an Eimeria Vaccine Induce Positive Effects on the Production Index of Broilers. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:800. [PMID: 39066438 PMCID: PMC11281675 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12070800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Live coccidiosis vaccines have mainly been used to reduce Eimeria species infection, which is considered the most economically important disease in the poultry industry. Evaluation data on vaccine effectiveness through large-scale field experiments are lacking, especially in broilers. Thus, the effectiveness of a commercial coccidiosis vaccine was evaluated in approximately 900,000 chicks reared on three open-broiler farms where coccidiosis is prevalent. The vaccine's effectiveness after vaccination of 1-day-old chicks was monitored using three parameters (lesion score, fecal oocyst shedding, and production index, PI) in nine trials performed three times on each farm. Lesion scores were confirmed in three different areas of the intestine because the vaccine contained four Eimeria species. The average lesion scores were 0.36 to 0.64 in the duodenal region, 0.30 to 0.39 in the jejuno-ileal region, and 0.18 to 0.39 in the cecal region. The average fecal oocyst shedding rate ranged from 19,766 to 100,100 oocysts per gram, showing large variations depending on farms and buildings within the farm. Compared with the PI of the previous 9-10 trials on each farm, the PI increased by 2.45 to 23.55. Because of the potential for perturbation of the fecal microbiota by live coccidiosis vaccines, the fecal microbiota was investigated using 16S rRNA microbial profiling. Although the β-diversity was significantly different in distribution and relative abundance among farms (PERMANOVA, pseudo-F = 4.863, p = 0.009), a Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis found no significant bacterial invasion of the epithelial cell pathway across farms. This large-scale field trial of a live Eimeria vaccine indicates that coccidiosis vaccines can have meaningful effects on the poultry industry and could be used as an alternative to the prophylactic use of anticoccidial drugs under field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binh T. Nguyen
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Institute of Animal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (B.T.N.); (R.A.F.); (S.Y.L.); (W.H.K.)
| | - Dongjean Yim
- Hoxbio, Business Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea;
| | - Rochelle A. Flores
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Institute of Animal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (B.T.N.); (R.A.F.); (S.Y.L.); (W.H.K.)
| | - Seung Yun Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Institute of Animal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (B.T.N.); (R.A.F.); (S.Y.L.); (W.H.K.)
| | - Woo H. Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Institute of Animal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (B.T.N.); (R.A.F.); (S.Y.L.); (W.H.K.)
| | - Seung-Hwan Jung
- MSD Animal Health Korea Ltd., Seoul Square, Jung-gu, Seoul 04637, Republic of Korea; (S.-H.J.); (S.K.)
| | - Sangkyu Kim
- MSD Animal Health Korea Ltd., Seoul Square, Jung-gu, Seoul 04637, Republic of Korea; (S.-H.J.); (S.K.)
| | - Wongi Min
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Institute of Animal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (B.T.N.); (R.A.F.); (S.Y.L.); (W.H.K.)
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Du S, Song Z, Cen Y, Fan J, Li P, Si H, Hu D. Susceptibility and cecal microbiota alteration to Eimeria-infection in Yellow-feathered broilers, Arbor Acres broilers and Lohmann pink layers. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103824. [PMID: 38772089 PMCID: PMC11131079 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Coccidiosis, which is caused by Eimeria species, results in huge economic losses to the poultry industry. Arbor Acres (AA) broilers and yellow-feathered broilers are the dominant broilers in northern and southern China, respectively. However, their susceptibility to coccidiosis has not been fully compared. In this study, the susceptibility of yellow-feathered broilers, AA broilers and Lohmann pink layers to E. tenella was evaluated based on mortality rate, relative body weight gain rate, intestinal lesion score, oocyst output, anticoccidial index (ACI), and cecum weight and length. The yellow-feathered broilers were shown to produce significantly fewer oocysts with higher intestinal lesion score compared to AA broilers, which had the highest growth rates and ACI scores. Subsequently, changes in the cecal microbiota of the 3 chicken lines before and after high-dose infection (1 × 104 oocysts) with E. tenella were determined by 16S rRNA sequencing. The results showed that composition of the microbiota changed dramatically after infection. The abundance of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes in the infected chickens decreased, and Proteobacteria increased significantly among the different chicken lines. At the genus level, Escherichia increased significantly in all 3 groups of infected chickens, but Lactobacillus decreased to 0% in the infected yellow-feathered broilers. The results of the study indicate that the susceptibility to E. tenella varies among the 3 chicken lines, and that changes in intestinal microbiota by E. tenella-infection among the different chicken lines had a similar trend, but to different degrees. This study provides basic knowledge of the susceptibility in the 3 chicken lines, which can be helpful for the control and prevention of coccidiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqi Du
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Zhixuan Song
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Yucan Cen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Jingzhi Fan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Peiyao Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Hongbin Si
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, 530004, China; Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Dandan Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, 530004, China; Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning, 530004, China.
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Beller S, Grundmann SM, Pies K, Most E, Schuchardt S, Seel W, Simon MC, Eder K, Ringseis R. Effect of replacing soybean meal with Hermetia illucens meal on cecal microbiota, liver transcriptome, and plasma metabolome of broilers. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103635. [PMID: 38520936 PMCID: PMC10973670 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite the existence of a number of studies investigating the effect of insect meal on the growth performance of broilers, knowledge about the metabolic effects of insect meal in broilers is still scarce. Thus, the present study investigated the effect of partial replacement of soybean meal with Hermetia illucens (HI) larvae meal on the liver transcriptome, the plasma metabolome, and the cecal microbiota in broilers. For the study, 72 male one-day-old Cobb 500 broilers were divided into three groups and fed 3 different diets with either 0% (HI0), 7.5% (HI7.5), or 15% (HI15) defatted HI meal for 35 d. Each group consisted of 6 cages (replicates) with 4 broilers/cage. While body weight (BW) gain, feed intake, and feed:gain ratio did not differ between groups, breast muscle weight, carcass yield, and apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of 5 amino acids were higher in group HI15 than in group HI0 (P < 0.05). Indicators of α-diversity (Chao1 and Observed) in the cecal digesta were higher in groups HI15 and HI7.5 than in group HI0 (P < 0.05). The abundance of 5 families and 18 genera, all of which belonged to the Firmicutes phylum, in the cecal digesta differed among groups (P < 0.05). Concentrations of butyric acid, valeric acid, and isobutyric acid in the cecal digesta were lower in group HI15 than in the other 2 groups (P < 0.05), whereas those of total and other short-chain fatty acids were not different between groups. Liver transcriptomics revealed a total of 70 and 61 differentially expressed transcripts between groups HI15 vs. HI0 and between groups HI7.5 vs. HI0, respectively, (P < 0.05). Targeted metabolomics identified 138 metabolites, most of which were triglyceride species, being different between the 3 groups (FDR < 0.05). According to this study, dietary inclusion of HI larvae meal has no detrimental impact but increases breast muscle weight and carcass weight in broilers suggesting that HI larvae meal can be recommended as a sustainable alternative protein source for broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Beller
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Sarah M Grundmann
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Klara Pies
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Erika Most
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Sven Schuchardt
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine (ITEM), Hannover, 30625 Germany
| | - Waldemar Seel
- Nutrition and Microbiota, Institute of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - Marie-Christine Simon
- Nutrition and Microbiota, Institute of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - Klaus Eder
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany; Center for Sustainable Food Systems, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, 35390 Germany
| | - Robert Ringseis
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany; Center for Sustainable Food Systems, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, 35390 Germany.
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9
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Shahininejad H, Rahimi S, Karimi Torshizi MA, Arabkhazaeli F, Ayyari M, Behnamifar A, Abuali M, Grimes J. Comparing the effect of phytobiotic, coccidiostat, toltrazuril, and vaccine on the prevention and treatment of coccidiosis in broilers. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103596. [PMID: 38471232 PMCID: PMC11067760 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
This study compared 2 herbal anticoccidiosis drugs (water-soluble and feed-additive drugs) with monensin coccidiostat, toltrazuril (TTZ, anticoccidiosis drug), and Livacox Q (anticoccidiosis vaccine) in terms of their effects on the prevention and treatment of coccidiosis in broilers. In this study, 280 Ross 308 broiler chickens (a mix of both genders) were used in a completely randomized design with 7 treatments and 5 replications each including 8 chickens per replicate. On d 21 of rearing, all experimental groups, except for the negative control group (NC), were challenged with a mixed suspension of common strains of Eimeria, and the intended indices were assessed, including performance indices, number of oocysts per gram (OPG) of feces, intestinal injuries, and the total number of intestinal bacteria. In addition, the NC and the group receiving the monensin had greater body weight gain (BWG) (P < 0.05). At the end of week 6, the monensin group had the highest feed intake (FI), while the water soluble medicine treatment resulted in the lowest feed intake (P < 0.05). Regarding the lesion scores on day 28, the highest and lowest rates of jejunal injuries were observed in the positive control group (PC), the monensin and vaccine group respectively. The rate of oocysts excretion (oocysts per gram of feces = OPG) on different days was higher in the PC group, and the use of monensin could further reduce excretion compared to the other groups (P > 0.05). Based on a comparison of the population of lactic acid bacteria between the NC and both medicinal plant treated groups, the use of these products could increase the population of these types of bacteria. Moreover, the population of Escherichia coli was less considerable in the NC and herbal powder groups (P < 0.05). Overall, similar to commercial medicines, the herbal medicines used in this project can be effective in the prevention and treatment of coccidiosis and can improve profitability in broiler rearing centers by improving intestinal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hesam Shahininejad
- Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, 14117-13116 Iran
| | - Shaban Rahimi
- Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, 14117-13116 Iran
| | | | - Fatemeh Arabkhazaeli
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, 14199-63114 Iran
| | - Mahdi Ayyari
- Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, 14117-13116 Iran
| | - Alireza Behnamifar
- Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, 14117-13116 Iran
| | - Morteza Abuali
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Institute of Medicinal Plants-ACECR, Karaj, Alborz, 1419815477 Iran
| | - Jesse Grimes
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7608 USA.
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10
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Zhang R, Qin S, Yang C, Niu Y, Feng J. The protective effects of Bacillus licheniformis against inflammatory responses and intestinal barrier damage in broilers with necrotic enteritis induced by Clostridium perfringens. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2023; 103:6958-6965. [PMID: 37309567 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bacillus licheniformis is a gram-positive bacterium that has strong environmental adaptability and can improve the growth performance, immunity, and antioxidant function of broilers. The current study aimed to elucidate the protective capability of B. licheniformis against inflammatory responses and intestinal barrier damage in broilers with necrotic enteritis (NE) induced by Clostridium perfringens (CP). RESULTS The results showed that B. licheniformis enhanced the final body weight in broilers compared with that of broilers in the CP group after the stress of infection (P < 0.05). Bacillus licheniformis reversed the decreased levels of serum and jejunum mucosa immunoglobulins and anti-inflammatory cytokines, reduced the values of villus height and the ratio of villus height to crypt depth, and mitigated the increased levels of serum d-lactic acid and diamine oxidase in CP-challenged broilers (P < 0.05). Moreover, B. licheniformis modulated the expression levels of genes involved in the TLR4/NF-κB signalling pathway, the NLRP3 inflammasome activation pathway, and the sirt 1/Parkin signalling pathway in CP-challenged broilers. Compared with the CP challenge group, the B. licheniformis-treated group exhibited reduced abundance values of Shuttleworthia and Alistipes and enhanced abundance values of Parabacteroides in the caecal contents (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Bacillus licheniformis improved the final body weight and alleviated the inflammatory response and intestinal barrier function damage in birds with NE induced by CP by maintaining intestinal physiological function, enhancing immunity, regulating inflammatory cytokine secretion, modulating the mitophagy response, and increasing the abundance of beneficial intestinal flora. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Songke Qin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Caimei Yang
- Key Agricultural Research Institute of Veagmax Green Animal Health Products of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Vegamax Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu Niu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Feng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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11
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Daneshmand A, Kumar A, Kheravii SK, Pasquali GAM, Wu SB. Xylanase and beta-glucanase improve performance parameters and footpad dermatitis and modulate intestinal microbiota in broilers under an Eimeria challenge. Poult Sci 2023; 102:103055. [PMID: 37734358 PMCID: PMC10514458 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Coccidiosis is an enteric disease of poultry worldwide that compromises gut health and growth performance. The current research investigated the effects of 2 doses of a multienzyme preparation on broilers' performance, gut health, and footpad dermatitis (FPD) under an Eimeria challenge. A total of 512 mixed-sex day-old chicks (Cobb 500) were randomly allocated to 4 treatments of 8 replicates. Treatments were: 1) nonchallenged control (NC); 2) NC + Eimeria challenge (CC); 3) CC + recommended level of xylanase and glucanase (XG, 100 g/t feed [on top]); 4) CC + double XG (2XG, 200 g/t feed). Eimeria spp. vaccine strains were gavaged on d 9 to induce coccidiosis in chickens. Performance parameters were evaluated during starter, grower, and finisher phases, and 4 birds per pen were euthanized on d 16 for sampling, FPD was scored on d 35, and litter moisture was analyzed on d 17 and 35. The data were analyzed using 1-way ANOVA with Tukey's test to separate means, and Kruskal-Wallis test was used for non-normally distributed parameters. The results showed that the Eimeria challenge was successful based on reduced weight gain and feed intake during grower phase, and higher FITC-d concentration, lesion score (female), and oocyst counts (d 14) in CC group compared to N.C. group, while XG and 2XG increased (P < 0.001) weight gain and improved FCR compared to CC and NC groups during finisher phase. The addition of X.G. and 2XG decreased litter moisture (P = 0.003) and FPD (P < 0.001) in challenged broilers compared to the N.C. group (d 35). Supplementing XG and 2XG reestablished the population of Lactobacillus in the cecum of challenged birds to an intermediate level between the NC and CC groups (P > 0.05). The inclusion of XG tended to increase the expression of Junctional adhesion molecule 2 (JAM2), which was not different from CC and NC groups (P > 0.05). In conclusion, the combination of xylanase and glucanase (Natugrain TS) improved the performance and modulated jejunal microbiota of broilers under mild Eimeria challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Daneshmand
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia
| | - Alip Kumar
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia
| | - Sarbast K Kheravii
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia
| | | | - Shu-Biao Wu
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia.
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12
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Mo J, Xiang J, Li J, Yang M, Zhang Z, Zhang L, Zhang G, Yang Y, Liu G, Lu Y, Hu D, Si H. Natural Magnolol ameliorates coccidiosis infected with Eimeria tenella by affecting antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and gut microbiota of chicks. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102975. [PMID: 37708766 PMCID: PMC10506099 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnolol, a natural extract from magnolia officinalis, has received growing interest in its bioactive properties such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial activities. Nevertheless, there is little research on Magnolol in the treatment of parasitic infections currently. Eimeria tenella (E. tenella) infection causes damage to epithelial cells and cecal mucosa, resulting in increased intestinal permeability, which is pretty detrimental to the balance of the intestinal microenvironment. However, at present, in the treatment of chicken coccidiosis, the abuse of antibiotics is quite serious, which has brought losses and harms to the chicken farming industry that cannot be ignored. In this study, based on the excellent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of Magnolol, we proved that it does have a desirable therapeutic potential on chicks infected with E. tenella. Actually, the results showed that the clinical symptoms of the chicks infected with E. tenella were relieved and their growth performance was restored by Magnolol treatment. Furthermore, Magnolol improved the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of chicks. Meanwhile, the Magnolol reversed the imbalance of the intestinal microbiota of sick chicks, which recovered the diversity, promoted the potential beneficial bacteria, and inhabited the potential pathogenic bacteria. Overall, Magnolol may be an alternative to chemical drugs that are effective in treating E. tenella infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahao Mo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, 530004, PR China
| | - Jun Xiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, 530004, PR China
| | - Jiang Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, 530004, PR China
| | - Meng Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, 530004, PR China
| | - Zhidan Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, 530004, PR China
| | - Lifang Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, 530004, PR China
| | - Geyin Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, 530004, PR China
| | - Yunqiao Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, 530004, PR China
| | - Gengsong Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, 530004, PR China
| | - Yujie Lu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, 530004, PR China
| | - Dandan Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, 530004, PR China
| | - Hongbin Si
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, 530004, PR China.
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13
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Liu RH, Sun AQ, Liao Y, Tang ZX, Zhang SH, Shan X, Hu JT. Lactiplantibacillus plantarum Regulated Intestinal Microbial Community and Cytokines to Inhibit Salmonella typhimurium Infection. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2023; 15:1355-1370. [PMID: 36074298 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-022-09987-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are recognized as food-grade safe microorganisms and have many beneficial effects. LAB could maintain the host intestinal homeostasis and regulate intestinal microbial community to exert antibacterial effects. In this study, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (L. plantarum, Lp01) strain isolated from pig intestine was orally administered to C57BL/6 mice, and mice were then infected with Salmonella typhimurium (ATCC14028). The protective effects of L. plantarum were evaluated by monitoring body weight loss, survival rates, bacterial loads in tissue, colon histopathology analysis, and cytokine secretion. 16S rRNA gene sequencing was also utilized to detect the dynamics of the blind gut microbial community in mice. We found that L. plantarum could significantly reduce the body weight loss and improve the survival rates. The survival rate in the L. P-Sty group was up to 67.5%, which was much higher than that in the STY group (25%). Counting of bacterial loads displayed that the colony-forming unit (CFU) of S. typhimurium in the spleen (p < 0.05) and the liver (p < 0.05) from L. P-Sty group both decreased, compared with STY group. Intestinal histopathology showed that it alleviated the intestinal injury caused by Salmonella, inhibited the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and promoted anti-inflammatory cytokines (p < 0. 01). In addition, L. plantarum also significantly ameliorated the intestinal gut microbiome disturbance caused by Salmonella. It displayed an obvious increase of beneficial bacteria including Lactobacillus and Bacteroidetes and reduction of pathogenic bacteria like Proteobacteria. In conclusion, L. plantarum could regulate microbial community to inhibit Salmonella typhimurium infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Han Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - An-Qi Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Ye Liao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Zheng-Xu Tang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Shi-Han Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Xin Shan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Jing-Tao Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.
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14
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Lin Y, Lourenco JM, Olukosi OA. The effects of protease, xylanase, and xylo-oligosaccharides on growth performance, nutrient utilization, short-chain fatty acids, and microbiota in Eimeria-challenged broiler chickens fed low-protein diet. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102789. [PMID: 37354614 PMCID: PMC10404748 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023] Open
Abstract
A total of 392 Cobb 500 off-sex male broiler chicks were used in a 21-day experiment to study the effect of protease, xylanase, and xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) on improving growth performance, nutrient utilization (ileal digestibility and total tract retention), gene expression of nutrient transporters, cecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and microbiota profile of broilers challenged with Eimeria spp. Chicks at 0-day old were allocated to 8 treatments in a 4 × 2 factorial arrangement: 1) corn-soybean meal diet with no enzyme (Con); 2) Con plus 0.2 g/kg protease alone (PRO); 3) Con plus 0.2 g/kg protease combined with 0.1 g/kg xylanase (PRO + XYL); or 4) Con plus 0.5 g/kg xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS); with or without Eimeria challenge. The 4 diets were formulated to be marginally low in crude protein (183 g/kg). Challenged groups were inoculated with a solution containing E. maxima, E. acervulina, and E. tenella oocysts on d 15. Eimeria depressed (P < 0.01) growth performance and nutrient utilization. Supplemental protease improved (P < 0.05) body weight gain and feed intake in the prechallenge phase (d 0-15) but had no effect during the infection period (d 15-21). There was no interaction between infection and feed supplementation for nutrient utilization. The supplementations of either PRO or XOS alone increased (P < 0.01) total tract retention of Ca and tended (P < 0.1) to improve total tract retention of N, P, AME, and AMEn. Eimeria decreased (P < 0.05) expressions of GLUT2, GLUT5, PepT1, ATP2B1, CaSR, Calbidin D28K, NPT2, and ZnT1 but increased (P < 0.01) expression of GLUT1. XOS supplementation increased (P < 0.05) ATP2B1 expression. Protease decreased (P < 0.05) isobutyrate concentration in unchallenged treatments but not in challenged treatments. Eimeria decreased (P < 0.01) cecal saccharolytic SCFAs acetate and propionate but increased (P < 0.01) branched-chain fatty acid isovalerate. The supplementation of PRO + XYL or XOS increased (P < 0.05) cecal butyrate or decreased cecal isobutyrate concentrations, respectively. PRO + XYL and XOS decreased cecal protein levels in unchallenged birds but not challenged ones. Eimeria challenge significantly (P < 0.05) decreased the microbial richness (Observed features) and diversity (Shannon index and phylogenetic diversity) and changed the microbial composition by reducing the abundance of certain bacteria, such as Ruminococcus torques, and increasing the abundance of others, such as Anaerostipes. In contrast, none of the additives had any significant effect on the cecal microbial composition. In conclusion, PRO or XOS supplementation individually improved nutrient utilization. All the additives decreased the cecal content of branched-chain fatty acids, consistent with decreased cecal N concentration, although the effects were more pronounced in unchallenged birds. In addition, none of the feed additives impacted the Eimeria-induced microbial perturbation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Lin
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
| | - Jeferson M Lourenco
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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15
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Cai H, Luo S, Liu Q, Zhou Q, Yan Z, Kang Z, Liao S, Li J, Lv M, Lin X, Hu J, Yu S, Zhang J, Qi N, Sun M. Effects of a complex probiotic preparation, Fengqiang Shengtai and coccidiosis vaccine on the performance and intestinal microbiota of broilers challenged with Eimeria spp. Parasit Vectors 2023; 16:253. [PMID: 37501177 PMCID: PMC10375739 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-023-05855-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coccidiosis, a prominent intestinal protozoan disease, carries significant economic implications for the poultry industry. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Fengqiang Shengtai (BLES), a probiotics product, and coccidiosis vaccine in modulating the intestinal microbiome and providing insight into mitigating the occurrence and management of avian coccidiosis. METHODS Broilers included in the study were divided into four pre-treatment groups: the Pre-Con group (commercial diet), Pre-BLES group (BLES supplement), Pre-Vac group (coccidiosis vaccination) and Pre-Vac-BLES group (combined vaccination and BLES). Body weight gain, feed consumption and feed conversion ratio were monitored from age 25 to 55 days. Cecum contents were collected at 8 and 15 days of age for comparative analysis of intestinal microbiomes. In the Pre-BLES and Pre-Vac-BLES groups, probiotics were administered at a dose of 0.01 g per chicken between ages 3 to 6 days and 10-13 days. At 3 days of age, chickens in the Pre-Vac and Pre-Vac-BLES groups were vaccinated with 1700 sporulated oocysts of the live coccidiosis vaccine per chicken. At the age of 25 days, Eimeria spp. challenge experiments were performed based on the aforementioned immunization strategy, and the oocysts per gram (OPG) in the feces, intestinal lesion score and intestinal pathological characteristics were evaluated. Specifically, 30 chickens were randomly selected from each group and orally administered 34,000 sporulated oocysts of Eimeria spp. per chicken, re-defined as Eimeria group, BLES-Eimeria group, Vac-Eimeria group and Vac-BLES-Eimeria group, respectively. Additionally, 30 chickens were randomly selected from the Pre-Con group and included as negative control without Eimeria spp. CHALLENGE Intestinal microbiota was sequenced and analyzed when the broilers were 32 days old. RESULTS A significant improvement was observed in body weight gain of the broilers in the Pre-BLES and Pre-Vac-BLES group at 45 days of age. Analysis of the intestinal microbiota revealed a positive correlation between the experimental groups receiving BLES and coccidiosis vaccines at 8 and 15 days of age with the Enterococcus genus and Lachnospiraceae NK4A136 group, respectively. In addition to the reduced lesion score and OPG values, the combination of coccidiosis vaccine and BLES also reduced the intestinal epithelial abscission induced by coccidiosis vaccines. The results of intestinal microbial function prediction demonstrated that N-glycan biosynthesis and ferroptosis were the prominent signal pathways in the Vac-BLES-Eimeria group. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, the results of the present study suggest that supplementation of BLES with coccidiosis vaccine represents a promising strategy for improving growth performance, alleviating clinical manifestations and inducing favorable alterations to the intestinal microbiota in broiler chickens affected by coccidiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiming Cai
- Zhaoqing/Maoming Branch Center of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinying Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510640, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengjun Luo
- Zhaoqing/Maoming Branch Center of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinying Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510640, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Qihong Liu
- Jiangsu HFQ Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Haimen, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingfeng Zhou
- Wen's Group Academy, Wen's Foodstuffs Group Co., Ltd., Xinxing, Guangdong, 527400, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuanqiang Yan
- Wen's Group Academy, Wen's Foodstuffs Group Co., Ltd., Xinxing, Guangdong, 527400, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Kang
- Qingdao Vland Biotech Group Co., Ltd., Qingdao, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Shenquan Liao
- Zhaoqing/Maoming Branch Center of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinying Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510640, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Li
- Zhaoqing/Maoming Branch Center of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinying Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510640, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Minna Lv
- Zhaoqing/Maoming Branch Center of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinying Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510640, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuhui Lin
- Zhaoqing/Maoming Branch Center of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinying Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510640, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Junjing Hu
- Zhaoqing/Maoming Branch Center of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinying Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510640, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuilan Yu
- Wen's Group Academy, Wen's Foodstuffs Group Co., Ltd., Xinxing, Guangdong, 527400, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianfei Zhang
- Zhaoqing/Maoming Branch Center of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinying Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510640, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Nanshan Qi
- Zhaoqing/Maoming Branch Center of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinying Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510640, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinying Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510640, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Mingfei Sun
- Zhaoqing/Maoming Branch Center of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinying Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510640, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinying Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510640, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
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16
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Lyimu WM, Leta S, Everaert N, Paeshuyse J. Influence of Live Attenuated Salmonella Vaccines on Cecal Microbiome Composition and Microbiota Abundances in Young Broiler Chickens. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1116. [PMID: 37376505 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11061116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonellosis is a global food safety challenge caused by Salmonella, a gram-negative bacterium of zoonotic importance. Poultry is considered a major reservoir for the pathogen, and humans are exposed through consumption of raw or undercooked products derived from them. Prophylaxis of Salmonella in poultry farms generally mainly involves biosecurity measures, flock testing and culling, use of antibiotics, and vaccination programs. For decades, the use of antibiotics has been a common practice to limit poultry contamination with important pathogenic bacteria such as Salmonella at the farm level. However, due to an increasing prevalence of resistance, non-therapeutic use of antibiotics in animal production has been banned in many parts of the world. This has prompted the search for non-antimicrobial alternatives. Live vaccines are among the developed and currently used methods for Salmonella control. However, their mechanism of action, particularly the effect they might have on commensal gut microbiota, is not well understood. In this study, three different commercial live attenuated Salmonella vaccines (AviPro® Salmonella Vac T, AviPro® Salmonella DUO, and AviPro® Salmonella Vac E) were used to orally vaccinate broiler chickens, and cecal contents were collected for microbiomes analysis by 16S rRNA next generation sequencing. Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) was used to study the cecal immune-related genes expression in the treatment groups, while Salmonella-specific antibodies were analyzed from sera and cecal extracts by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We show that vaccination with live attenuated Salmonella vaccines had a significant influence on the variability of the broiler cecal microbiota (p = 0.016). Furthermore, the vaccines AviPro® Salmonella Vac T and AviPro® Salmonella DUO, but not AviPro® Salmonella Vac E, had a significant effect (p = 0.024) on microbiota composition. This suggests that the live vaccine type used can differently alter the microbiota profiles, driving the gut colonization resistance and immune responses to pathogenic bacteria, and might impact the overall chicken health and productivity. Further investigation is, however, required to confirm this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilfred Michael Lyimu
- Laboratory of Host-Pathogen Interactions in Livestock, Division of Animal and Human Health Engineering, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Samson Leta
- Laboratory of Host-Pathogen Interactions in Livestock, Division of Animal and Human Health Engineering, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, Bishoftu P.O. Box 34, Ethiopia
| | - Nadia Everaert
- The Nutrition and Animal Microbiota Ecosystems Laboratory, Division of Animal and Human Health Engineering, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan Paeshuyse
- Laboratory of Host-Pathogen Interactions in Livestock, Division of Animal and Human Health Engineering, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
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17
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Yu H, Wang Q, Tang J, Dong L, Dai G, Zhang T, Zhang G, Xie K, Wang H, Zhao Z. Comprehensive analysis of gut microbiome and host transcriptome in chickens after Eimeria tenella infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1191939. [PMID: 37346030 PMCID: PMC10279956 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1191939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Coccidiosis is an intestinal parasitic disease caused by Eimeria protozoa, which endangers the health and growth of animals, and causes huge economic losses to the poultry industry worldwide every year. Studies have shown that poultry gut microbiota plays an important role in preventing the colonization of pathogens and maintaining the health of the host. Coccidia infection also affects host gene expression. However, the underlying potential relationship between gut microbiome and host transcriptome during E. tenella infection in chickens remain unclear. Methods In this study, metagenomic and transcriptome sequencing were applied to identify microbiota and genes in cecal contents and cecal tissues of infected (JS) and control (JC) chickens on day 4.5 postinfection (pi), respectively. Results First, microbial sequencing results of cecal contents showed that the abundance of Lactobacillus, Roseburia sp. and Faecalibacterium sp decreased significantly after E. tenella infection (P < 0.05), while the abundance of Alistipes and Prevotella pectinovora increased significantly (P < 0.05). Second, transcriptome sequencing results showed that a total of 434 differentially expressed mRNAs were identified, including 196 up-regulated and 238 down-regulated genes. These differentially expressed genes related to inflammation and immunity, such as GAMA, FABP1, F2RL1 and RSAD2, may play an important role in the process of host resistance to coccidia infection. Functional studies showed that the enriched pathways of differentially expressed genes included the TGF-beta signaling pathway and the ErbB signaling pathways. Finally, the integrated analysis of gut microbiome and host transcriptome suggested that Prevotella pectinovora associated with FABP1, Butyricicoccus porcorum and Colidextribacter sp. associated with RSAD2 were involved in the immune response upon E. tenella infection. Conclusion In conclusion, this study provides valuable information on the microbiota and key immune genes after chicken E. tenella infection, with the aim of providing reference for the impact of coccidia infection on cecal microbiome and host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailiang Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Qi Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jianqiang Tang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Liyue Dong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Guojun Dai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Genxi Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Kaizhou Xie
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Hongsheng Wang
- Technical Research Department, Jiangsu Jinghai Poultry Group Co., Ltd., Haimen, China
| | - Zhenhua Zhao
- Poultry Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yangzhou, China
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18
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Pietruska A, Bortoluzzi C, Hauck R. A meta-analysis of the effect of Eimeria spp. and/or Clostridium perfringens infection on the microbiota of broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102652. [PMID: 37019075 PMCID: PMC10106964 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Coccidiosis in chickens is caused by Eimeria spp. The infection provides a growth advantage to Clostridium perfringens (CP), frequently leading to necrotic enteritis. One approach to alleviate the negative impacts of the diseases is to improve the bacterial composition in chickens, and many experiments investigating chicken enteric health in recent years include the characterization of the bacterial microbiota. This meta-analysis synthesized the data of studies investigating the intestinal microbiota after infection with coccidia and/or CP to provide a basis for future research. Inclusion criteria were that experiments contained a group infected with one or both pathogens and an uninfected control group, the use of 16SrRNA Illumina sequencing and the availability of raw data. A total of 17 studies could be included. Meta-analyses of 3 different data sets were performed: 1 on data of 9 experiments on chickens infected with coccidia only; the second on data of 4 studies on chickens infected with CP only; the third on raw data of 8 experiments with chickens infected with coccidia and CP. The meta-analysis of relative abundance and alpha diversity of the data sets was performed in R using the SIAMCAT and metafor packages. The number of families of interest identified by the analyses of experiments with infection with coccidia only, CP only and the combined infection were 23, 2, and 29, respectively. There was an overlap of 13 families identified by analyses of experiments with infection with coccidia only and of experiments with the combined infections. Machine learning was not able to find a model to predict changes of the microbiota in either 1 of the 3 analyses. Meta-analyses of functional profiles showed a more uniform reaction to the infections with the relative abundance of many pathways significantly altered. Alpha diversity was not affected by infection with either pathogen or the combination. In conclusion, the heterogeneity of these microbiota studies makes recognizing common trends difficult, although it seems that coccidia infection affects the microbiota more than an infection with CP. Future studies should focus on the bacterial functions that are changed due to these infections using metagenome techniques.
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19
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Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Liu F, Mao Y, Zhang Y, Zeng H, Ren S, Guo L, Chen Z, Hrabchenko N, Wu J, Yu J. Mechanisms and applications of probiotics in prevention and treatment of swine diseases. Porcine Health Manag 2023; 9:5. [PMID: 36740713 PMCID: PMC9901120 DOI: 10.1186/s40813-022-00295-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Probiotics can improve animal health by regulating intestinal flora balance, improving the structure of the intestinal mucosa, and enhancing intestinal barrier function. At present, the use of probiotics has been a research hotspot in prevention and treatment of different diseases at home and abroad. This review has summarized the researchers and applications of probiotics in prevention and treatment of swine diseases, and elaborated the relevant mechanisms of probiotics, which aims to provide a reference for probiotics better applications to the prevention and treatment of swine diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- grid.452757.60000 0004 0644 6150Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100 China ,grid.440622.60000 0000 9482 4676College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018 Shandong China
| | - Yuyu Zhang
- grid.452757.60000 0004 0644 6150Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100 China
| | - Fei Liu
- grid.452757.60000 0004 0644 6150Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100 China
| | - Yanwei Mao
- grid.440622.60000 0000 9482 4676College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018 Shandong China
| | - Yimin Zhang
- grid.440622.60000 0000 9482 4676College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018 Shandong China
| | - Hao Zeng
- grid.452757.60000 0004 0644 6150Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100 China
| | - Sufang Ren
- grid.452757.60000 0004 0644 6150Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100 China
| | - Lihui Guo
- grid.452757.60000 0004 0644 6150Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100 China
| | - Zhi Chen
- grid.452757.60000 0004 0644 6150Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100 China
| | - Nataliia Hrabchenko
- grid.452757.60000 0004 0644 6150Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100 China
| | - Jiaqiang Wu
- grid.452757.60000 0004 0644 6150Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100 China ,grid.440622.60000 0000 9482 4676College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018 Shandong China ,grid.410585.d0000 0001 0495 1805School of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014 China
| | - Jiang Yu
- grid.452757.60000 0004 0644 6150Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100 China
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20
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Wang B, Du P, Huang S, He D, Chen J, Wen X, Yang J, Xian S, Cheng Z. Comparison of the caecal microbial community structure and physiological indicators of healthy and infection Eimeria tenella chickens during peak of oocyst shedding. Avian Pathol 2023; 52:51-61. [PMID: 36200987 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2022.2133681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Eimeria tenella (E. tenella), an important intestinal parasite of chicken caeca, causes coccidiosis and brings large economic losses to the poultry industry annually. Gut microorganismal alterations directly affect the health of the body. To understand how E. tenella affects its host, we analysed the changes in caecal microbial diversity and the physiological and morphological changes during the peak of oocyst shedding. Infected and healthy chickens differed significantly in caecal pathology and blood indicators. At the genus level, the abundances of Faecalibacterium, Clostridium, Lachnoclostridium, Gemmiger, Flavonifractor, Pseudoflavonifractor and Oscillibacter were significantly decreased in the infected samples, whereas Escherichia, Nocardia and Chlamydia were significantly increased. Functional gene pathways related to replication, recombination and repair, and transcription were significantly decreased, and functional genes related to metabolism were highly significantly reduced in the infected samples. Furthermore, in the infected samples, E. tenella reduced the haemoglobin levels and red blood cell counts, greatly reduced the beneficial bacteria and increased the potentially pathogenic bacteria. This study provides a research basis for further understanding the pathogenic mechanisms of E. tenella and provides insight for potential new drug development.RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS First simultaneous description of caecal microbiota and physiological indicators during E. tenella infection.Metagenomics used to explore functional properties of chicken caecal microbiota during E. tenella infection.Caecal microbial compositions and functional genes altered significantly after infection.Blood indicators and caecal morphology were significantly altered in the infected group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bi Wang
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Veterinary Public Health of Guizhou Province (Cultivation), Guiyang, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Du
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Veterinary Public Health of Guizhou Province (Cultivation), Guiyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Shihui Huang
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Veterinary Public Health of Guizhou Province (Cultivation), Guiyang, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan He
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaqi Chen
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Veterinary Public Health of Guizhou Province (Cultivation), Guiyang, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Wen
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Veterinary Public Health of Guizhou Province (Cultivation), Guiyang, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Yang
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Veterinary Public Health of Guizhou Province (Cultivation), Guiyang, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Simei Xian
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Veterinary Public Health of Guizhou Province (Cultivation), Guiyang, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhentao Cheng
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Veterinary Public Health of Guizhou Province (Cultivation), Guiyang, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
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21
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Kong F, Liu T, Liu Y, Yu Z, Zhang W, Fan D, Fan J, Kong L, Li B, Chen S, Chen B. Dietary effects of enzymolytic soybean meal inclusion on antioxidant capacity, intestinal morphology and caecal microbiota of Rex rabbits. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2022.2104177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fangen Kong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- Mountainous Area Research Institute of Hebei Province, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Tao Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Yajuan Liu
- Mountainous Area Research Institute of Hebei Province, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- Agricultural Technology Innovation Center in Mountainous Areas of Hebei Province, Baoding, China
| | - Zhikai Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- Mountainous Area Research Institute of Hebei Province, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Dongfeng Fan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- Mountainous Area Research Institute of Hebei Province, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Jiaqi Fan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Lingchang Kong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- Mountainous Area Research Institute of Hebei Province, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Bin Li
- Qinhuangdao Qihao Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Saijuan Chen
- Mountainous Area Research Institute of Hebei Province, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- Agricultural Technology Innovation Center in Mountainous Areas of Hebei Province, Baoding, China
| | - Baojiang Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
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22
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Li X, Jiang X, Qi D, Wang X, Wang C, Fei C, Zhou W, Li J, Zhang K. Effects of ethanamizuril, sulfachlorpyridazine or their combination on cecum microbial community and metabolomics in chickens infected with Eimeria tenella. Microb Pathog 2022; 173:105823. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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23
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Antibiotic Changes Host Susceptibility to Eimeria falciformis Infection Associated with Alteration of Gut Microbiota. Infect Immun 2022; 90:e0022922. [PMID: 36040156 PMCID: PMC9584326 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00229-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Eimeria falciformis is a murine-infecting coccidium that mainly infects the cecum and colon where it coexists with a large number of endogenous bacteria. Here, we found that mice treated with a broad-spectrum antibiotic cocktail including ampicillin, neomycin, metronidazole, and vancomycin had less oocyst production and milder pathological consequences after E. falciformis infection than mice without antibiotics, regardless of the inoculation doses. Furthermore, we showed that antibiotic treatment reduced parasitic invasion and prolonged asexual stage during E. falciformis infection, which may result in alleviating the infection. Interestingly, when further defining different antibiotic combinations for E. falciformis infection, it was shown that mice treated with ampicillin plus vancomycin had substantially attenuated E. falciformis infections as measured by cecal parasite counts and histopathological features. In contrast, treatment with metronidazole plus neomycin was beneficial to E. falciformis infection. Analyses of gut microbiota revealed various changes in bacterial composition and diversity following antibiotic treatments that were associated with host susceptibility to E. falciformis infection. Together, these findings suggest that gut microbiota may regulate the course and pathogenicity of E. falciformis infection, while the mechanisms need to be further investigated, especially for the development of coccidial vaccines for use in farm animals.
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24
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Sheets TR, Wickware CL, Snyder AM, Weimer SL, Johnson TA. Ileal and cecal microbiota response to Salmonella Typhimurium challenge in conventional and slow-growing broilers. Front Physiol 2022; 13:971255. [PMID: 36267582 PMCID: PMC9577007 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.971255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the negative impacts of Salmonella intestinal colonization on human health, Salmonella is a natural colonizer of the gastrointestinal tract and is not overtly pathogenic to the avian host. It is of interest to understand the impacts and colonization rates of Salmonella across selected genetic lines such as slow-growing (SG) and conventional (CONV) broilers. The objective of this study was to characterize the relationship between Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium challenge and selected broiler genetic lines on the ileal and cecal microbiome. Male chicks of two broiler breeds (n = 156/breed) were cohoused in an open floor pen until day 7. On day 13, the chicks were then separated into 12 isolators per breed (4 rooms, 6 isolators/room, 11 chicks/isolator). On day 14, chicks in the 12 treatment isolators (6 isolators/breed, 108 total) were challenged with Salmonella Typhimurium (ST) (1 × 108 CFU/ml) via oral gavage while the remaining chicks (n = 108) were given an oral gavage of sterile tryptic soy broth control (C). Ileal and cecal contents were collected on day 7 from 24 chicks of each breed, and on days 13, 17, 21, and 24 from two chicks per isolator. Samples underwent DNA extraction and PCR amplification to obtain 16S rRNA amplicons that were sequenced with Illumina MiSeq. Salmonella Typhimurium colonization in the cecum was not different in the two broiler breeds. The main effect of breed had the greatest impact on the ileum microbiota of broilers 7 days of age where SG broilers had significantly lower diversity and richness compared to CONV broilers (p < 0.05). Salmonella Typhimurium challenge consistently caused a change in beta diversity. Regardless of day or intestinal location, challenged broilers had many amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) with decreased abundance of likely beneficial bacteria such as Mollicutes RF39, Shuttleworthia, Flavonifractor, and Oscillibacter compared to broilers that were unchallenged with Salmonella Typhimurium (p < 0.05). Additionally, there was a difference in the timing of when the microbiota alpha and beta diversity of each breed responded to Salmonella Typhimurium challenge. Thus, both broiler breed and Salmonella Typhimurium can impact the intestinal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa R. Sheets
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Carmen L. Wickware
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Ashlyn M. Snyder
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Shawna L. Weimer
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Timothy A. Johnson
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
- *Correspondence: Timothy A. Johnson,
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25
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Long-term chemically protected sodium butyrate supplementation in broilers as an antibiotic alternative to dynamically modulate gut microbiota. Poult Sci 2022; 101:102221. [PMCID: PMC9630789 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemically protected sodium butyrate (CSB) is a new kind of sodium butyrate. Our previous study found that 1,000 mg/kg of CSB had the potential capacity of improving growth performance and promoting early development of small intestine in broilers. This study aimed to investigate the effect of long-term antibiotics or CSB supplementation for intestinal microflora dynamical regulation in broilers. One hundred ninety-two 1-day-old Arbor Acres male broilers were randomly allocated into 3 dietary treatment (8 replicates per treatment) and fed with a basal diet (CON), a diet supplemented with the antibiotics (enramycin, 8 mg/kg and aureomycin, 100 mg/kg) (ANT), or a diet supplemented with 1,000 mg/kg of CSB, respectively. Results showed that dietary supplementation of CSB or ANT treatment elevated the weight gain and feed conversion ratio (FCR; P < 0.05), as compared with control (CON) group. Additionally, CON, CSB, or ANT administration dynamically altered the gut microbiota composition as time goes on. The increased presence of potential pathogens, such as Romboutsia and Shuttleworthia, and decreased beneficial bacteria such as Alistipes, Akkermansia, and Bacteroides were verified in new gut homeostasis reshaped by long-term antibiotics treatment, which has adverse effects on intestinal development and health of broilers. Conversely, CSB supplementation could dynamically enhance the relative abundance of Bacteroides, and decrease Romboutsia and Shuttleworthia in new microflora, which has positive effects on intestinal bacteria of broilers compared with CON group. Meanwhile, CSB supplementation was significantly increased the concentration of propionic acid and total short chain fatty acids (total SCFA; P < 0.05) in comparison with CON and ANT groups. Moreover, CSB treatment significantly increased anti-inflammatory and antioxidative capacities (P < 0.05) of broilers compared with ANT group. Taken together, we revealed characteristic structural changes of gut microbiota throughout long-term CSB or ANT supplementation in broilers, which provided a basic data for evaluating the mechanism of action affecting intestinal health by CSB or ANT administration and CSB as an alternative to antibiotics in the broilers industry.
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26
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Jebessa E, Guo L, Chen X, Bello SF, Cai B, Girma M, Hanotte O, Nie Q. Influence of Eimeria maxima coccidia infection on gut microbiome diversity and composition of the jejunum and cecum of indigenous chicken. Front Immunol 2022; 13:994224. [PMID: 36131927 PMCID: PMC9483182 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.994224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Coccidiosis is an economically significant protozoan disease and an intracellular parasite that significantly impacts poultry production. The gastrointestinal tract microbiota plays a central role in host health and metabolism, and these microbes enhance chickens’ immune systems and nutrient absorption. In this study, we analyzed the abundance and diversity of microbiota of the jejunum and cecum of a dual-purpose indigenous Horro chicken following Eimeria maxima infection. We compared microbial abundance, composition, and diversity at the 4- and 7- days post-infection using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. We obtained, on average, 147,742 and 132,986 high-quality sequences per sample for jejunum and cecum content, respectively. Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Campilobacterota and Bacteroidota were the major microbial phylum detected in the jejunum content. Firmicutes were the dominant phylum for 4- and 7-days jejunum control groups accounting for (>60% of the sequences). In the infected group Campilobacterota was the dominant phylum in the jejunum (> 24% of sequences) at 4-and 7-days post-infection groups, while Proteobacteria was predominant at 4- and 7-days post-infection of the cecum (> 40% of the sequences). The microbial genus Lactobacillus and Helicobacter were found in the jejunum, while Alistipes, Barnesiella and Faecalibacterium were detected in the cecum. In the jejunum, Helicobacter was dominant at 4 -and-7 days post-infection (≥24%), and Lactobacillus was dominant at 4 -and 7- days in the control group (> 50%). In 4- and 7-days post-infection, Alistipes genus was the more prevalent (> 38%) in the cecum. Thus, clear differences were observed in the bacterial microbiota distribution and abundance between the jejunum and cecum, as well as between infected and control groups for both tissues. The results indicate that chicken intestinal microbial imbalance (dysbiosis) is associated with Eimeria parasite infection and will likely affect the host-microbial non-pathogenic and pathogenic molecular interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Endashaw Jebessa
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- LiveGene – Centre for Tropical Livestock Genetics and Health (CTLGH), International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Lijin Guo
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaolan Chen
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Semiu Folaniyi Bello
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bolin Cai
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mekonnen Girma
- LiveGene – Centre for Tropical Livestock Genetics and Health (CTLGH), International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Olivier Hanotte
- LiveGene – Centre for Tropical Livestock Genetics and Health (CTLGH), International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Qinghua Nie, ; Olivier Hanotte, ,
| | - Qinghua Nie
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Qinghua Nie, ; Olivier Hanotte, ,
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Cai H, Luo S, zhou Q, Yan Z, Liu Q, Kang Z, Liao S, Li J, Lv M, Lin X, Hu J, Yu S, Zhang J, Qi N, Sun M. Effects of Bacillus subtilis and coccidiosis vaccine on growth indices and intestinal microbiota of broilers. Poult Sci 2022; 101:102091. [PMID: 36095864 PMCID: PMC9472081 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
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28
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Memon FU, Yang Y, Zhang G, Leghari IH, Lv F, Wang Y, Laghari F, Khushk FA, Si H. Chicken Gut Microbiota Responses to Dietary Bacillus subtilis Probiotic in the Presence and Absence of Eimeria Infection. Microorganisms 2022; 10:1548. [PMID: 36013966 PMCID: PMC9412415 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10081548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Coccidiosis is a well-known poultry disease that causes the severe destruction of the intestinal tract, resulting in reduced growth performance and immunity, disrupted gut homeostasis and perturbed gut microbiota. Supplementation of probiotics were explored to play a key role in improving growth performance, enhancing innate and adaptive immunity, maintaining gut homeostasis and modulating gut microbiota during enteric infection. This study was therefore designed to investigate the chicken gut whole microbiota responses to Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) probiotic feeding in the presence as well as absence of Eimeria infection. For that purpose, 84 newly hatched chicks were assigned into four groups, including (1) non-treated non-challenged control group (CG - ET), (2) non-treated challenged control group (CG + ET), (3) B. subtilis-fed non-challenged group (BS - ET) and (4) B. subtilis-fed challenged group (BS + ET). CG + ET and BS + ET groups were challenged with Eimeria tenella (E. tenella) on 21 day of housing. Our results for Alpha diversity revealed that chickens in both infected groups (CG + ET and BS + ET) had lowest indexes of Ace, Chao 1 and Shannon, while highest indexes of Simpson were found in comparison to non-challenged groups (CG - ET and BS - ET). Firmicutes was the most affected phylum in all experimental groups following Proteobacteria and Bacteroidota, which showed increased abundance in both non-challenged groups, whereas Proteobacteria and Bacteroidota affected both challenged groups. The linear discriminant analysis effect size method (lEfSe) analysis revealed that compared to the CG + ET group, supplementation of probiotic in the presence of Eimeria infection increased the abundance of some commensal genera, included Clostridium sensu stricto 1, Corynebacterium, Enterococcus, Romboutsia, Subdoligranulum, Bacillus, Turicibacter and Weissella, with roles in butyrate production, anti-inflammation, metabolic reactions and the modulation of protective pathways against pathogens. Collectively, these findings evidenced that supplementation of B. subtilis probiotic was positively influenced with commensal genera, thereby alleviating the Eimeria-induced intestinal disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fareed Uddin Memon
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (F.U.M.).; (Y.Y.); (G.Z.); (F.L.); (Y.W.)
- Department of Poultry Husbandry, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Sindh Agriculture University, Tando Jam 70060, Pakistan; (I.H.L.); (F.A.K.)
| | - Yunqiao Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (F.U.M.).; (Y.Y.); (G.Z.); (F.L.); (Y.W.)
| | - Geyin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (F.U.M.).; (Y.Y.); (G.Z.); (F.L.); (Y.W.)
| | - Imdad Hussain Leghari
- Department of Poultry Husbandry, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Sindh Agriculture University, Tando Jam 70060, Pakistan; (I.H.L.); (F.A.K.)
| | - Feifei Lv
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (F.U.M.).; (Y.Y.); (G.Z.); (F.L.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yuhan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (F.U.M.).; (Y.Y.); (G.Z.); (F.L.); (Y.W.)
| | - Farooque Laghari
- Department of Animal Production and Environment Control, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Southeast Agriculture University, Harbin 150030, China;
| | - Farooque Ahmed Khushk
- Department of Poultry Husbandry, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Sindh Agriculture University, Tando Jam 70060, Pakistan; (I.H.L.); (F.A.K.)
| | - Hongbin Si
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (F.U.M.).; (Y.Y.); (G.Z.); (F.L.); (Y.W.)
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29
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Pires PGDS, Torres P, Teixeira Soratto TA, Filho VB, Hauptli L, Wagner G, Haese D, Pozzatti CD, Moraes PDO. Comparison of functional-oil blend and anticoccidial antibiotics effects on performance and microbiota of broiler chickens challenged by coccidiosis. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0270350. [PMID: 35793288 PMCID: PMC9258845 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to compare the effects of different levels of cashew nutshell liquid (CNSL) and castor oil (CNSL-castor oil) with growth-promoting antibiotics associated with anticoccidials in broiler chickens challenged with coccidiosis. In this work, 2520 one-day-old male broiler chicks (Cobb) were randomly assigned to 84 pens, containing 30 birds each. The experimental design was completely randomized, with seven treatments: enramycin (8 ppm), virginiamycin (16.5 ppm), and tylosin (55 ppm); different doses of CNSL-castor oil (0.5, 0.75, and 1.00 kg/t); and a control diet (without additives). All treatments received semduramicin + nicarbazin (500 g/t; Aviax® Plus) from 0 to 28 d and monensin sodium (100 ppm; Elanco) from 29 to 35 days of age, when the feed was without antibiotics. The challenge was introduced at 14 days of age by inoculating broiler chickens with sporulated Eimeria tenella, Eimeria acervulina, and Eimeria maxima oocysts via oral gavage. In addition to performance parameters, intestinal contents were collected at 28 and 42 days of age for microbiota analysis by sequencing the 16s rRNA in V3 and V4 regions using the Illumina MiSeq platform. Taxonomy was assigned using the SILVA database (v. 138) with QIIME2 software (v. 2020.11). After one week of challenge, the broilers that received tylosin had a higher body weight gain (BWG) than those in the control group (p < 0.05), while the other treatments presented intermediate values. At 28 d, the BWG was lower for the control, CNSL-Castor oil 0.5 kg/t, enramycin, and virginiamycin treatments than that in the tylosin treatment. The inclusion of CNSL-Castor oil at concentrations of 0.75 and 1 kg/t acted as an intermediate treatment (p < 0.05). For alpha diversity, using the Shannon index, it was possible to observe the effect of age, with substantial diversity at 42 d. The Firmicutes phylum had the highest abundance, with values between 84.33% and 95.16% at 42 d. Tylosin showed better performance indices than other treatments. CNSL-castor oil treatments with concentrations of 0.75 and 1 kg/t showed similar results to those of enramycin and virginiamycin. Furthermore, CNSL-castor oil acted as a modulator of intestinal microbiota, reducing the abundance of pathogenic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pedro Torres
- Department of Animal Science and Rural Development, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Tatiany Aparecida Teixeira Soratto
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Vilmar Benetti Filho
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Lucélia Hauptli
- Department of Animal Science and Rural Development, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Glauber Wagner
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Douglas Haese
- Centro de Tecnologia Animal Ltda, Domingos Martins, ES, Brazil
| | | | - Priscila de Oliveira Moraes
- Advanced Poultry Gut Science, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
- Department of Animal Science and Rural Development, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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30
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Xing JH, Shi CW, Sun MJ, Gu W, Zhang RR, Chen HL, Li Y, Wang D, Li J, Niu TM, Huang QT, Qian JH, Huang HB, Jiang YL, Wang JZ, Cao X, Wang N, Zeng Y, Yang GL, Yang WT, Wang CF. Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 0111 Protects Against Influenza Virus by Modulating Intestinal Microbial-Mediated Immune Responses. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:820484. [PMID: 35847111 PMCID: PMC9282045 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.820484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There are some limitations of traditional influenza vaccines concerning novel mutant strains. Therefore, it is particularly important to develop preventive means for antigen-unrelated types of influenza viruses. Recent studies have shown that probiotics can modulate the immune system and reduce the severity of viral infections. In this study, we investigated the potential of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 0111 against influenza virus H9N2. Challenge experiments showed that L. plantarum 0111 pretreatments could effectively improve mice’s survival rate and weight loss and reduce the inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α in the lungs and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) along with the degree of lung and intestinal injury. FMT experiment demonstrates that the protective effect produced by L. plantarum 0111 is associated with gut microorganisms. In addition, 16S high-throughput sequencing of the mouse intestinal microbiota showed that L. plantarum 0111 remodeled the intestinal microbiota after H9N2 infection and maintained the gut microbiota balance. In a mouse model, the oral administration of L. plantarum 0111 increased IFN-β expression in the serum and BALF. At the same time, the transcript levels of IFN-β and related ISGs in the intestine and lungs of mice were also increased. In addition, the activation and polarization of T cells in mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) and the spleen were detected by flow cytometry, and the results showed that L. plantarum 0111 modulated cytokines in T cells and increased IgA expression in B cells in the MLNs and spleen. Thus, L. plantarum 0111 may improve gut microbiota-mediated immune responses and thus, resist infection by the influenza virus, and it could be used as an effective preventive measure against the influenza virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Hong Xing
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Chun-Wei Shi
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Ming-Jie Sun
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Wei Gu
- Shandong BaoLai-LeeLai Bioengineering Co., Ltd., Tai’an, China
| | - Rong-Rong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Hong-Liang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Ying Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - JunYi Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Tian-Ming Niu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Qun-Tao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Jia-Hao Qian
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Hai Bin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Yan-Long Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Jian-Zhong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Xin Cao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Nan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Yan Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Gui-Lian Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Gui-Lian Yang,
| | - Wen Tao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Wen Tao Yang,
| | - Chun-Feng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Chun-Feng Wang,
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31
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Yu J, Hu Q, Liu J, Luo J, Liu L, Peng X. Metabolites of gut microbiota fermenting Poria cocos polysaccharide alleviates chronic nonbacterial prostatitis in rats. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 209:1593-1604. [PMID: 35398386 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Chronic nonbacterial prostatitis (CNP) is a common urology disease. Our previous research found Poria cocos polysaccharides (PPs) alleviated CNP and suggested the effect was related to gut bacteria. We investigated the crucial bacteria and their metabolites responsible for the anti-CNP effect to discover possible mechanisms. The results showed that after the fermentation of PPs by human fecal microbiota, Parabacteroides, Fusicatenibacter, and Parasutterella were significantly enriched. Haloperidol glucuronide and 7-ketodeoxycholic acid generated by these bacteria could be responsible for the increased expression of Alox15 and Pla2g2f and the reduced expression of Cyp1a1 and Hsd17b7 in colon epithelium. The ratio of dihydrotestosterone to estradiol in serum was regulated, and CNP was alleviated. Our results suggested that Parabacteroides, Fusicatenibacter, and Parasutterella could be the essential bacteria in CNP alleviation and their metabolites of PPs 7-ketodeoxycholic acid and haloperidol glucuronide could be the signal molecules of the "gut-prostate axis".
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Affiliation(s)
- Juntong Yu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Qing Hu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Junsheng Liu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jianming Luo
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Liu Liu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xichun Peng
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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32
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Cai H, Liao S, Li J, Liu Q, Luo S, Lv M, Lin X, Hu J, Zhang J, Qi N, Sun M. Single and Combined Effects of Clostridium butyricum and Coccidiosis Vaccine on Growth Performance and the Intestinal Microbiome of Broiler Chickens. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:811428. [PMID: 35547128 PMCID: PMC9083122 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.811428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Avian coccidiosis is an important intestinal protozoan disease that has caused major economic losses to the poultry industry. Clostridium butyricum can not only maintain the stability of the intestinal barrier, but can also improve the production performance of broiler chickens. We studied the effects of feeding C. butyricum alone, administration of coccidiosis vaccine alone, and the combined administration of C. butyricum and coccidiosis vaccine on body weight gain, feed consumption, and feed conversion ratio of broilers. Meanwhile, intestinal contents of 8- and 15-day-old broilers were collected, and their intestinal microbiome was characterized by high-throughput sequencing of the V3–V4 region of 16S rDNA. We analyzed the oocysts per gram values and lesion scores in the C. butyricum alone group, in a group challenged with the coccidiosis-causing parasite, Eimeria, and in groups simultaneously challenged Eimeria and pretreated with C. butyricum, the coccidiosis vaccine, or combined C. butyricum and coccidiosis vaccine. Intestinal tissue samples were collected from 32-day-old broilers for microbiome analysis. Our results showed that combination of C. butyricum with coccidiosis vaccine significantly improved the performance of broiler chickens and also significantly reduced the oocysts per gram value and intestinal lesions caused by Eimeria sp. infection. Furthermore, C. butyricum and coccidiosis vaccine administered alone or in combination significantly increased the relative abundance of the immune biomarker genus Barnesiella. The significant increase in the abundance of the Clostridia_UCG.014, Eubacterium coprostanoligenes group and Bacteroides was a key factor in controlling Eimeria sp. infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiming Cai
- Zhaoqing/Maoming Branch Center of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shenquan Liao
- Zhaoqing/Maoming Branch Center of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Juan Li
- Zhaoqing/Maoming Branch Center of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qihong Liu
- Jiangsu HFQ Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Haimen, China
| | - Shengjun Luo
- Zhaoqing/Maoming Branch Center of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Qianyan Animal Health Care Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, China
| | - Minna Lv
- Zhaoqing/Maoming Branch Center of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuhui Lin
- Zhaoqing/Maoming Branch Center of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junjing Hu
- Zhaoqing/Maoming Branch Center of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianfei Zhang
- Zhaoqing/Maoming Branch Center of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nanshan Qi
- Zhaoqing/Maoming Branch Center of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingfei Sun
- Zhaoqing/Maoming Branch Center of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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Microbiota and Transcriptomic Effects of an Essential Oil Blend and Its Delivery Route Compared to an Antibiotic Growth Promoter in Broiler Chickens. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10050861. [PMID: 35630307 PMCID: PMC9147064 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10050861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of the delivery of a commercial essential oil blend containing the phytonutrients star anise, cinnamon, rosemary, and thyme oil (via different routes) on broiler chickens’ ileal and ceca microbiota and liver transcriptome compared to an antibiotic growth promoter. Eggs were incubated and allocated into three groups: non-injected, in ovo saline, and in ovo essential oil. On day 18 of incubation, 0.2 mL of essential oil in saline (dilution ratio of 2:1) or saline alone was injected into the amnion. At hatch, chicks were assigned to post-hatch treatment combinations: (A) a negative control (corn-wheat-soybean diet), (B) in-feed antibiotics, (C) in-water essential oil (250 mL/1000 L of drinking water), (D) in ovo saline, (E) in ovo essential oil, and (F) in ovo essential oil plus in-water essential oil in eight replicate cages (six birds/cage) and raised for 28 days. On days 21 and 28, one and two birds per cage were slaughtered, respectively, to collect gut content and liver tissues for further analysis. Alpha and beta diversity differed significantly between ileal and ceca samples but not between treatment groups. In-feed antibiotic treatment significantly increased the proportion of specific bacteria in the family Lachnospiraceae while reducing the proportion of bacteria in the genus Christensenellaceae in the ceca, compared to other treatments. Sex-controlled differential expression of genes related to cell signaling and tight junctions were recorded. This study provides data that could guide the use of these feed additives and a foundation for further research.
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Yadav S, Teng PY, Singh AK, Choi J, Kim WK. Influence of Brassica spp. rapeseed and canola meal, and supplementation of bioactive compound (AITC) on growth performance, intestinal-permeability, oocyst shedding, lesion score, histomorphology, and gene expression of broilers challenged with E. maxima. Poult Sci 2022; 101:101583. [PMID: 34915210 PMCID: PMC8683514 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was performed to investigate the effect of feeding Brassica spp. including full-fat rapeseed, canola meal, and allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) to broiler chicken challenged with E. maxima. A total of 576 one-day old male broiler chicks were completely randomized to 8 treatments with 6 replicated cages and 12 birds per cage. The treatment diets consisted of nonchallenge control (NC, corn-SBM based diet), challenge control (CC), 10% rapeseed (10RS), 30% rapeseed (30RS), 20% canola (20CLM), 40% canola (40CLM), 500 ppm AITC (500AITC), and 1,000 ppm AITC (1000AITC). At d 14, all birds were challenged, except NC group, with a subclinical dose of E. maxima. Intestinal permeability was conducted on 5 d post-infection (dpi) and for oocyst shedding 5 to 6 dpi feces were pooled and collected. On 6 dpi, growth performance, lesion score, histomorphology, and gene expression were measured. The growth performance result showed that 10RS and 30RS groups had lower BW, BWG, FI, and higher FCR (P < 0.0001). During the challenge and overall periods, NC group had highest BW, BWG, and FI, and lowest FCR. The inclusion of canola meal showed lower performance during prechallenge period but was able to catch up BWG during challenge period. The AITC levels showed similar growth performance to CC group. Intestinal permeability for 20CLM, 40CLM, 500AITC and 1000AITC was similar to NC group, whereas CC, 10RS, and 30RS had higher permeability compared to NC (P < 0.0001). Oocyst shedding was significantly lower for 40CLM and NC, whereas all other treatments had higher oocyst shedding (P < 0.0001). All the challenged treatment groups had higher lesion score and microscore than NC (P < 0.0001). Histomorphology data showed that jejunum villus height (VH) for 1000AITC was similar to NC group, whereas CC group had the lowest VH (P = 0.01). The 30RS group had lower VH: crypt depth (CD) ratio in the jejunum and ileum. The gene expression at 6 dpi for claudin1, occludin, IL2, IL6, GLUT5, EAAT, BoAT, and LAT1 was significantly changed among the treatments. The results suggest that 30RS retards growth performance and deteriorate gut health during coccidiosis and should not be fed to chicken during the starter phase. Canola meal showed decline in growth prechallenge but maintained growth and intestinal health during the challenge period at 40% inclusion. AITC at 1,000 ppm showed similar growth as control group, but with improved gut health during the challenge period. Canola meal could be a good alternative to SBM especially during coccidiosis, whereas AITC needs to be tested vigorously in animal feeding regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Yadav
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - P-Y Teng
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - A K Singh
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - J Choi
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - W K Kim
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
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Coccidiosis: Recent Progress in Host Immunity and Alternatives to Antibiotic Strategies. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10020215. [PMID: 35214673 PMCID: PMC8879868 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10020215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Coccidiosis is an avian intestinal disease caused by several distinct species of Eimeria parasites that damage the host’s intestinal system, resulting in poor nutrition absorption, reduced growth, and often death. Increasing evidence from recent studies indicates that immune-based strategies such as the use of recombinant vaccines and various dietary immunomodulating feed additives can improve host defense against intracellular parasitism and reduce intestinal damage due to inflammatory responses induced by parasites. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of the complex interactions between the host immune system, gut microbiota, enteroendocrine system, and parasites that contribute to the outcome of coccidiosis is necessary to develop logical strategies to control coccidiosis in the post-antibiotic era. Most important for vaccine development is the need to understand the protective role of the local intestinal immune response and the identification of various effector molecules which mediate anti-coccidial activity against intracellular parasites. This review summarizes the current understanding of the host immune response to coccidiosis in poultry and discusses various non-antibiotic strategies which are being developed for coccidiosis control. A better understanding of the basic immunobiology of pertinent host–parasite interactions in avian coccidiosis will facilitate the development of effective anti-Eimeria strategies to mitigate the negative effects of coccidiosis.
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Campos PM, Miska KB, Kahl S, Jenkins MC, Shao J, Proszkowiec-Weglarz M. Effects of Eimeria tenella on Cecal Luminal and Mucosal Microbiota in Broiler Chickens. Avian Dis 2022; 66:39-52. [DOI: 10.1637/21-00068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philip M. Campos
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE) USDA-ARS Research Participation Program, Oak Ridge, TN 37830
| | - Katarzyna B. Miska
- USDA-ARS, NEA, Beltsville Agriculture Research Center, Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705
| | - Stanislaw Kahl
- USDA-ARS, NEA, Beltsville Agriculture Research Center, Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705
| | - Mark C. Jenkins
- USDA-ARS, NEA, Beltsville Agriculture Research Center, Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705
| | | | - Monika Proszkowiec-Weglarz
- USDA-ARS, NEA, Beltsville Agriculture Research Center, Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705
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Messaï A, Redouane-Salah S. Dietary use of Artemisia herba alba Asso as a potential coccidiostat against cæcal coccidiosis: haematological parameter variations. Trop Anim Health Prod 2021; 54:28. [PMID: 34961903 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-021-03038-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This study consists of the evaluation of the anticoccidial effect of Artemisia herba-alba Asso during experimental coccidial infection. Four groups of 30 broiler chickens were formed: the negative control (G1), the positive control (G2), the infected Monensin-treated group (G3), and the infected Artemisia-treated group (G4). Each infected bird received orally 105 sporulated oocysts of Eimeria tenella. No mortality was recorded in both G1 and G4. Haematocrit levels showed great variations from the 7th day post-infection, especially in G2 (20.87% ± 5.77). By day 10 P-I, haematocrit recovery was rapid particularly in G4 (28.07% ± 1.50). Haemoglobin concentration also decreased significantly (p < 0.05) in all infected groups by the 7th day P-I. The reduction was very marked, but not statistically significant, in G2 (6.47 g/dL ± 1.67) against (10.53 g/dL ± 0.25) in G1. It was less marked in G4 (8.05 g/dL ± 1.56). Results show the protective effect of A. herba-alba Asso by improving the lesion score and the haematological parameters affected during coccidian infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Messaï
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University Mohamed-Khider of Biskra, PO Box 145 RP, 07000, Biskra, Algeria. .,PIARA (Promotion of Innovation, Agriculture in Arid Regions) Research Laboratory, University Mohamed-Khider of Biskra, Biskra, Algeria.
| | - Sara Redouane-Salah
- PIARA (Promotion of Innovation, Agriculture in Arid Regions) Research Laboratory, University Mohamed-Khider of Biskra, Biskra, Algeria.,Department of Natural and Life Sciences, University Mohamed-Khider of Biskra, PO Box 145 RP, 07000, Biskra, Algeria
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Yu YH, Wu CM, Chen WJ, Hua KF, Liu JR, Cheng YH. Effectiveness of Bacillus licheniformis-Fermented Products and Their Derived Antimicrobial Lipopeptides in Controlling Coccidiosis in Broilers. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11123576. [PMID: 34944351 PMCID: PMC8698030 DOI: 10.3390/ani11123576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Coccidiosis is an important health problem in broilers, caused by infection with a highly contagious intestinal parasite of the genus Eimeria. Anti-coccidial drugs are widely used for the prevention of coccidiosis in broilers. However, multi-resistance coccidia is a potential threat to poultry production. In this study, we evaluated the potential of Bacillus licheniformis-fermented products (BLFP) and their derived antimicrobial lipopeptide, surfactin, on the prevention of coccidiosis in broilers. Results demonstrate that BLFPs and their derived antimicrobial lipopeptide, surfactin, exhibit anti-coccidial activity in vitro and in vivo. Abstract This study aimed to investigate the potential of Bacillus licheniformis-fermented products (BLFP) and their derived antimicrobial lipopeptide, surfactin, for the prevention of coccidiosis in broilers. Broilers were fed BLFP at 1.25 and 5 g/kg under Eimeria tenella challenge. At the end of experiment (35 days), the growth performance, survival rate, cecal morphology, cecal lesion scores, oocyst-count index, and anti-coccidial index were analyzed. The effects of the BLFP-derived surfactin on oocyst sporulation and sporozoite morphology in Eimeria species were also investigated in vitro. Results showed that BLFP supplementation at 1.25 and 5 g/kg improved cecal morphology and increased the survival rate of broilers under E. tenella challenge. Supplementation with 1.25 g/kg of BLFP reduced the lesion scores in the cecum of E. tenella-challenged broilers, while the oocyst-count index was reduced in broilers given 5 g/kg of BLFP. The anti-coccidial index of the 1.25 g/kg of BLFP-treated group was greater than 160, compared with the E. tenella-challenge-only group. Furthermore, surfactin inhibited Eimeria oocyst sporulation and disrupted sporozoite morphology. These results demonstrate that BLFPs and their derived antimicrobial lipopeptide, surfactin, exhibit anti-coccidial activity in vitro and in vivo. BLFP may be used as a natural feed additive for the prevention of coccidiosis in broilers, and 1.25 g/kg can be considered the optimum dosage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hsiang Yu
- Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University, Yilan 26047, Taiwan; (Y.-H.Y.); (W.-J.C.); (K.-F.H.)
| | - Chia-Min Wu
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan;
| | - Wei-Jung Chen
- Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University, Yilan 26047, Taiwan; (Y.-H.Y.); (W.-J.C.); (K.-F.H.)
| | - Kuo-Feng Hua
- Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University, Yilan 26047, Taiwan; (Y.-H.Y.); (W.-J.C.); (K.-F.H.)
| | - Je-Ruei Liu
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan;
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (J.-R.L.); (Y.-H.C.); Tel.: +886-2-3366-6011 (J.-R.L.); +886-3-931-7712 (Y.-H.C.)
| | - Yeong-Hsiang Cheng
- Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University, Yilan 26047, Taiwan; (Y.-H.Y.); (W.-J.C.); (K.-F.H.)
- Correspondence: (J.-R.L.); (Y.-H.C.); Tel.: +886-2-3366-6011 (J.-R.L.); +886-3-931-7712 (Y.-H.C.)
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Fecal metabolomic analysis of rabbits infected with Eimeria intestinalis and Eimeria magna based on LC-MS/MS technique. Microb Pathog 2021; 162:105357. [PMID: 34896546 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.105357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Rabbit coccidiosis is a common parasitic disease leading to economic losses in the rabbit industry. The intestinal flora plays a key role in pathogenesis of coccidiosis, and fecal metabolome mediates host-microbiome interactions as a functional readout of the gut microbiome. In this study, the E. intestinalis-infected and E. magna-infected rabbit models were established to investigate metabolic alterations and metabolic pathways based on LC-MS/MS technique for the first time. Multivariate OPLS-DA analysis was performed to explore differential metabolites. In total, 288 metabolites were detected from infected and uninfected rabbits. The level of 33 metabolites increased and 4 decreased in rabbits infected with E. intestinalis. Eight pathways were significantly perturbed during E. intestinalis infection including biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, fatty acid biosynthesis, etc. After rabbits infected with E. magna, 13 metabolites were altered and 7 metabolic pathways were dysregulated. These metabolites and metabolic pathways were mainly involved in tuberculosis, parathyroid hormone synthesis, etc. Besides, 25 metabolites differed in abundance between E. intestinalis infection group and E. magna infection group, the major perturbed metabolic pathways were lipid metabolism and endocrine system, respectively. In general, it is confirmed that E. intestinalis and E. magna infection destroyed the intestinal flora, which caused corresponding changes in metabolites, and provide novel insights into the molecular mechanisms of rabbit-parasite interactions.
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Exogenous Enzymes Influenced Eimeria-Induced Changes in Cecal Fermentation Profile and Gene Expression of Nutrient Transporters in Broiler Chickens. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11092698. [PMID: 34573663 PMCID: PMC8470256 DOI: 10.3390/ani11092698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Two 21-day experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of exogenous enzymes on growth performance, tight junctions, and nutrient transporters, jejunal oligosaccharides and cecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) of broiler chickens challenged with mixed Eimeria. Two different basal diets: high fiber-adequate protein (HFAP; Expt. 1) or low fiber-low protein (LFLP; Expt. 2) were used in the two experiments. In each experiment, birds were allocated to four treatments in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement (with or without protease and xylanase combination; with or without Eimeria challenge). In Expt. 1, with HFAP diets, Eimeria upregulated (p < 0.05) the expression of claudin-1, but downregulated (p < 0.05) glucose transporters GLUT2/GLUT5. On the contrary, enzymes downregulated (p < 0.05) claudin-1 and alleviated the Eimeria-depressed GLUT2/GLUT5 expression. In both experiments, Eimeria decreased (p < 0.05) cecal saccharolytic SCFA and increased (p < 0.05) cecal branched-chain fatty acids. The challenge × enzyme interaction (p < 0.05) showed that enzymes reversed the Eimeria effects on fermentation pattern shift. In conclusion, Eimeria altered tight junctions and nutrient transporters expression promoted cecal proteolytic fermentation and inhibited saccharolytic fermentation. Exogenous enzymes showed the potential of alleviating the Eimeria-induced intestinal gene expression changes and reversing the unfavorable cecal fermentation pattern.
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41
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Saidi A, Gaboriaud P, Lalmanach AC, Vanderlynden L, Fessard A, Vettori P, Fort G, Guabiraba R, Schouler C, Laurent F, Guitton E, Lecaille F, Bussière FI, Lalmanach G. Upregulation of gut cathepsin L during Eimeria tenella infection. Res Vet Sci 2021; 140:109-116. [PMID: 34419895 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2021.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Coccidiosis is a disease caused by Eimeria, which represents the first parasitic disease in poultry farming. Among them, E. tenella is a virulent species which specifically colonizes the caecum. The inflammatory response to infection is associated to numerous host proteases including cysteine cathepsins that can be deleterious for tissue and innate immunity integrity. Here, germ-free and conventional chickens were used as models to find out whether the microbiota could modify the intestinal expression of host cysteine cathepsins during coccidiosis. The basal caecal peptidase activity primarily relies on host proteases rather than proteases from the commensal flora. While mRNA levels of E. tenella cathepsins B and L remained unchanged in germ-free and conventional broilers, an overall increase in endopeptidase activity of cysteine cathepsins was found in E. tenella-infected caeca in both experimental models (P < 0.005). A significant decrease in avian cystatin C transcription was also observed in infected conventional, but not in infected germ-free broilers. Despite an unchanged mRNA level of avian cathepsin L (CatL), its protein expression raised following infection, in parallel with an increased transcription of antimicrobial β-defensins (AvBD1, AvBD2, AvBD4, AvBD6, and AvBD7). Taken together, data support that host CatL is post-translationally upregulated during E. tenella infection, and thus may be involved in the alteration of the gut proteolytic balance. Furthermore, CatL may participate to inflammation occurring during coccidiosis through its known ability to proteolytically inactivates up-regulated avian β-defensins that are key molecules of innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahlame Saidi
- Université de Tours, Tours, France; INSERM, UMR 1100, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires (CEPR), Equipe «Mécanismes Protéolytiques dans l'Inflammation», Tours, France.
| | - Pauline Gaboriaud
- INRAE, Université de Tours, UMR 1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
| | | | - Lise Vanderlynden
- Université de Tours, Tours, France; INSERM, UMR 1100, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires (CEPR), Equipe «Mécanismes Protéolytiques dans l'Inflammation», Tours, France
| | - Aurélie Fessard
- Université de Tours, Tours, France; INSERM, UMR 1100, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires (CEPR), Equipe «Mécanismes Protéolytiques dans l'Inflammation», Tours, France
| | - Pauline Vettori
- Université de Tours, Tours, France; INSERM, UMR 1100, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires (CEPR), Equipe «Mécanismes Protéolytiques dans l'Inflammation», Tours, France
| | - Geneviève Fort
- INRAE, Université de Tours, UMR 1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Rodrigo Guabiraba
- INRAE, Université de Tours, UMR 1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Catherine Schouler
- INRAE, Université de Tours, UMR 1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Fabrice Laurent
- INRAE, Université de Tours, UMR 1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Edouard Guitton
- INRAE, UE Plate-forme d'Infectiologie Expérimentale, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Fabien Lecaille
- Université de Tours, Tours, France; INSERM, UMR 1100, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires (CEPR), Equipe «Mécanismes Protéolytiques dans l'Inflammation», Tours, France
| | - Françoise I Bussière
- INRAE, Université de Tours, UMR 1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Gilles Lalmanach
- Université de Tours, Tours, France; INSERM, UMR 1100, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires (CEPR), Equipe «Mécanismes Protéolytiques dans l'Inflammation», Tours, France
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Abdelhamid MK, Rychlik I, Hess C, Hatfaludi T, Crhanova M, Karasova D, Lagler J, Liebhart D, Hess M, Paudel S. Typhlitis induced by Histomonas meleagridis affects relative but not the absolute Escherichia coli counts and invasion in the gut in turkeys. Vet Res 2021; 52:92. [PMID: 34158121 PMCID: PMC8220719 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-021-00962-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Unlike in chickens, dynamics of the gut microbiome in turkeys is limitedly understood and no data were yet published in context of pathological changes following experimental infection. Thus, the impact of Histomonas meleagridis-associated inflammatory changes in the caecal microbiome, especially the Escherichia coli population and their caecal wall invasion in turkeys was investigated. Birds experimentally inoculated with attenuated and/or virulent H. meleagridis and non-inoculated negative controls were divided based on the severity of macroscopic caecal lesions. The high throughput amplicon sequencing of 16SrRNA showed that the species richness and diversity of microbial community significantly decreased in severely affected caeca. The relative abundances of operational taxonomic units belonging to Anaerotignum lactatifermentans, E. coli, and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii were higher and paralleled with a decreased abundances of those belonging to Alistipes putredinis, Streptococcusalactolyticus, Lactobacillus salivarius and Lactobacillus reuteri in birds with the highest lesion scores. Although the relative abundance of E. coli was higher, the absolute count was not affected by the severity of pathological lesions. Immunohistochemistry showed that E. coli was only present in the luminal content of caecum and did not penetrate even severely inflamed and necrotized caecal wall. Overall, it was demonstrated that the fundamental shift in caecal microbiota of turkeys infected with H. meleagridis was attributed to the pathology induced by the parasite, which only led to relative but not absolute changes in E. coli population. Furthermore, E. coli cells did not show tendency to penetrate the caecal tissue even when the intestinal mucosal barriers were severely compromised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Kamal Abdelhamid
- Clinic for Poultry and Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Ivan Rychlik
- Department of Immunology, Veterinary Research Institute, 62100, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Claudia Hess
- Clinic for Poultry and Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tamas Hatfaludi
- Clinic for Poultry and Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria.,Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Poultry Vaccines (IPOV), University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Magdalena Crhanova
- Department of Immunology, Veterinary Research Institute, 62100, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Daniela Karasova
- Department of Immunology, Veterinary Research Institute, 62100, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Julia Lagler
- Clinic for Poultry and Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria.,Section of Immunology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dieter Liebhart
- Clinic for Poultry and Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Hess
- Clinic for Poultry and Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria.,Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Poultry Vaccines (IPOV), University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Surya Paudel
- Clinic for Poultry and Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria.
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43
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Madlala T, Okpeku M, Adeleke MA. Understanding the interactions between Eimeria infection and gut microbiota, towards the control of chicken coccidiosis: a review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 28:48. [PMID: 34076575 PMCID: PMC8171251 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2021047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract in poultry harbours a diverse microbial community that serves a crucial role in digestion and protection. Disruption of the gut environment due to Eimeria spp. parasite infection causes an imbalance in intestinal homeostasis, driving the increment of pathogens such as Clostridium species. Coccidiosis infection affects the composition and integrity of gut microbiota, resulting in elevated susceptibility to diseases that pose a serious threat to the overall health and productivity of chickens. Anticoccidial drugs have proven effective in curbing coccidiosis but with concerning drawbacks like drug resistance and drug residues in meat. The exploration of natural alternative strategies such as probiotics and phytochemicals is significant in controlling coccidiosis through modification and restoration of gut microbiota, without inducing drug resistance. Understanding the interaction between Eimeria parasites and gut microbiota is crucial for the control and prevention of coccidiosis, and the development of novel alternative treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thabile Madlala
- Discipline of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville, P/Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Moses Okpeku
- Discipline of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville, P/Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Matthew Adekunle Adeleke
- Discipline of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville, P/Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa
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44
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Cheng YH, Horng YB, Chen WJ, Hua KF, Dybus A, Yu YH. Effect of Fermented Products Produced by Bacillus licheniformis on the Growth Performance and Cecal Microbial Community of Broilers under Coccidial Challenge. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11051245. [PMID: 33925950 PMCID: PMC8146065 DOI: 10.3390/ani11051245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of fermented products produced by Bacillus licheniformis (fermented products) on the growth performance and cecal microbial community in broilers exposed to coccidial challenge. A total of 108 one-day-old male broiler chicks (Ross 308) were randomly allotted to one of three treatments. Each treatment was distributed into six replicate cages with six birds each. The treatments consisted of a basal diet without treatment (NC), basal diet plus coccidial challenge (PC), and basal diet plus the coccidial challenge and 1 g/kg of fermented products (FP). The results indicated that FP increased the average daily gain of broilers at 21 to 35 days of age compared with the PC group (p < 0.05). The anti-coccidia index in the FP group was elevated compared with the PC group (p < 0.05). Principal coordinate analysis showed significant segregation in bacterial community composition in the cecal digesta among the groups. The genus Lactobacillus was more abundant in the cecal digesta of the FP group compared with the PC group (p < 0.05). There was a positive correlation between the abundance of the genus Lactobacillus in the cecal digesta and growth performance (body weight, average daily gain, and average feed intake). Furthermore, the abundance of the genus Lactobacillus in the cecal digesta was positively associated with the cecal short-chain fatty acid levels (formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, and isobutyric acid). These findings suggest that fermented products produced by B. licheniformis can ameliorate the average daily gain of broilers exposed to coccidial challenge. B. licheniformis-fermented product supplementation increases anti-coccidial activity and modulates gut microbiota composition by increasing beneficial microbes and decreasing harmful microbes in broilers under coccidial challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeong-Hsiang Cheng
- Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University, Yilan 26047, Taiwan; (Y.-H.C.); (Y.-B.H.); (W.-J.C.); (K.-F.H.)
| | - Yi-Bing Horng
- Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University, Yilan 26047, Taiwan; (Y.-H.C.); (Y.-B.H.); (W.-J.C.); (K.-F.H.)
| | - Wei-Jung Chen
- Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University, Yilan 26047, Taiwan; (Y.-H.C.); (Y.-B.H.); (W.-J.C.); (K.-F.H.)
| | - Kuo-Feng Hua
- Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University, Yilan 26047, Taiwan; (Y.-H.C.); (Y.-B.H.); (W.-J.C.); (K.-F.H.)
| | - Andrzej Dybus
- Department of Genetics, West Pomeranian University of Technology, 70-310 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Yu-Hsiang Yu
- Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University, Yilan 26047, Taiwan; (Y.-H.C.); (Y.-B.H.); (W.-J.C.); (K.-F.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-3-931-7716
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45
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PAMK Relieves LPS-Induced Enteritis and Improves Intestinal Flora Disorder in Goslings. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:9721353. [PMID: 33688370 PMCID: PMC7920704 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9721353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Polysaccharide of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz (PAMK) is a biologically active component of Atractylodes macrocephala, which has the effect of maintaining the immune homeostasis of the body. Therefore, this study constructed a model of PAMK to relieve LPS-induced gosling enteritis and observed the morphological changes of the small intestine after HE staining. ELISA was used to detect serum CRP, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α levels; immunohistochemistry was used to detect the positive rate of IgA in the small intestine; TLR4, occludin, ZO-1, cytokines, and immunoglobulin mRNA expression in the small intestine were detected by qPCR; and intestinal flora of gosling excrement was analyzed by 16S rDNA sequencing to analyze the protective effect of PAMK on goslings enteritis and the impact on intestinal flora. The results showed that PAMK relieves LPS-induced gosling enteritis by maintaining the small intestine morphology, cytokine, tight junctions, and immunoglobulin relatively stable and improving the disorder of intestinal flora.
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46
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Ovi F, Hauck R, Grueber J, Mussini F, Pacheco W. Effects of prepelleting whole corn inclusion on feed particle size, pellet quality, growth performance, carcass yield, and digestive organ development and intestinal microbiome of broilers between 14 and 42 d of age. J APPL POULTRY RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.japr.2020.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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47
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Xu X, Wang Z, Guo L, Xu X, Wu A, Kuang H, Sun L, Song S, Xu C. Sensitive Lateral Flow Immunoassay for the Residues of Imidocarb in Milk and Beef Samples. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:2559-2569. [PMID: 33553874 PMCID: PMC7859938 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c04422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Based on the successful derivation of a hapten, we prepared and optimized a murine monoclonal antibody against imidocarb, with an IC50 of 2.22 ng/mL and a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.45 ng/mL. Cross-experiment results showed that the cross-over rate for 4,4'-dinitrocarbanilide was 18.12%, and the cross-reactivity with other analogues when using the ic ELISA was less than 0.1%. We used the developed ic-ELISA to detect the addition and recovery of imidocarb in milk and beef samples, and values were 86.0-93.5 and 84.5-101.2%, respectively. The preparation of an immunochromatographic test strip based on gold nanoparticles was used for the rapid identification of imidocarb in milk and beef samples. When assessed by the naked eye, the visual LOD for imidocarb in milk and beef samples was 5 and 10 ng/mL, and the cut-off values were 20 and 50 ng/mL, respectively. Because of its high sensitivity, specificity, and simplicity, the test strip can be used for on-site testing and rapid screening of imidocarb in food samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxin Xu
- State
Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People’s Republic
of China
- International
Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, and School
of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan
University, Wuxi 214122, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhongxing Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People’s Republic
of China
- International
Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, and School
of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan
University, Wuxi 214122, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lingling Guo
- State
Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People’s Republic
of China
- International
Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, and School
of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan
University, Wuxi 214122, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinxin Xu
- State
Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People’s Republic
of China
- International
Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, and School
of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan
University, Wuxi 214122, People’s Republic of China
| | - Aihong Wu
- State
Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People’s Republic
of China
- International
Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, and School
of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan
University, Wuxi 214122, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hua Kuang
- State
Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People’s Republic
of China
- International
Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, and School
of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan
University, Wuxi 214122, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Sun
- Chinese
Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, No. 11, Ronghua South Road, Yizhuang Economic and Technological Development
Zone, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Shanshan Song
- State
Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People’s Republic
of China
- International
Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, and School
of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan
University, Wuxi 214122, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chuanlai Xu
- State
Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People’s Republic
of China
- International
Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, and School
of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan
University, Wuxi 214122, People’s Republic of China
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48
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Wang C, Wang X, Huang Y, Bu X, Xiao S, Qin C, Qiao F, Qin JG, Chen L. Effects of dietary T-2 toxin on gut health and gut microbiota composition of the juvenile Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 106:574-582. [PMID: 32798696 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The current study aims to investigate the effects of dietary T-2 toxin on the intestinal health and microflora in the juvenile Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) with an initial weight 2.00 ± 0.05 g. Juvenile crabs were fed with experimental diets supplemented with T-2 toxin at 0 (control), 0.6 (T1 group), 2.5 (T2 group) and 5.0 (T3 group) mg/kg diet for 8 weeks. Dietary T-2 toxin increased the malondialdehyde (MDA) content and the expression of Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (keap1) gene while the expression of cap 'n' collar isoform C (CncC) decreased in the intestine. The activities of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and total anti-oxidation capacity (T-AOC) in the intestine increased only in the lower dose of dietary T-2. Dietary T-2 toxin significantly increased the mRNA expression of caspase-3, caspase-8, Bax and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) genes and the ratio of Bax to Bcl-2 accompanied with a reduction of Bcl-2 expression. Furthermore, T-2 toxin decreased the mRNA levels of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), peritrophic membrane (PM1 and PM2) and immune regulated nuclear transcription factors (Toll-like receptor: TLR, myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88: Myd88, relish and lipopolysaccharide-induced TNF-α factor: LITAF). The richness and diversity of the gut microbiota were also affected by dietary T-2 toxin in T3 group. The similar dominant phyla in the intestine of the Chinese mitten crab in the control and T3 groups were found including Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Tenericutes and Proteobacteria. Moreover, the inclusion of dietary T-2 toxin of 4.6 mg/kg significantly decreased the richness of Bacteroidetes and increased the richness of Firmicutes, Tenericutes and Proteobacteria in the intestine. At the genus level, Dysgonomonas and Romboutsia were more abundant in T3 group than those in the control. However, the abundances of Candidatus Bacilloplasma, Chryseobacterium and Streptococcus in T3 group were lower than those in the control. This study indicates that T-2 toxin could cause oxidative damage and immunosuppression, increase apoptosis and disturb composition of microbiota in the intestine of Chinese mitten crab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunling Wang
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Xiaodan Wang
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai, 200241, China.
| | - Yuxing Huang
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Xianyong Bu
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Shusheng Xiao
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Chuanjie Qin
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province for Fishes Conservation and Utilization in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang, 641100, PR China
| | - Fang Qiao
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Jian G Qin
- School of Biological Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia
| | - Liqiao Chen
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai, 200241, China.
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49
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Abdelhamid MK, Quijada NM, Dzieciol M, Hatfaludi T, Bilic I, Selberherr E, Liebhart D, Hess C, Hess M, Paudel S. Co-infection of Chicken Layers With Histomonas meleagridis and Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli Is Associated With Dysbiosis, Cecal Colonization and Translocation of the Bacteria From the Gut Lumen. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:586437. [PMID: 33193238 PMCID: PMC7661551 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.586437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Histomonosis in chickens often appears together with colibacillosis in the field. Thus, we have experimentally investigated consequences of the co-infection of birds with Histomonas meleagridis and avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) on the pathology, host microbiota and bacterial translocation from the gut. Commercial chicken layers were infected via oral and cloacal routes with lux-tagged APEC with or without H. meleagridis whereas negative controls were left uninfected. Except one bird, which died due to colibacillosis, no clinical signs were recorded in birds infected with bioluminescence lux gene tagged E. coli. In co-infected birds, depression and ruffled feathers were observed in 4 birds and average body weight gain significantly decreased. Typhlitis caused by H. meleagridis was present only in co-infected birds, which also had pronounced microscopic lesions in systemic organs such as liver, heart and spleen. The 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing showed that in co-infected birds, corresponding to the severity of cecal lesions, microbial species richness and diversity in caeca greatly decreased and the abundance of the Escherichia group, Helicobacter and Bacteroides was relatively higher with a reduction of commensals. Most of the shared Amplicon Sequencing Variants between cecum and blood in co-infected birds belonged to Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus, and members of Enterobacteriaceae while those assigned as Lactobacillus and members of Ruminococcaceae and Lachnospiraceae were found mainly in negative controls. In infected birds, E. coli in the cecal lumen penetrated into deeper layers, a phenomenon noticed with higher incidence in the dead and co-infected birds. Furthermore, numbers of lux-tagged E. coli in caeca were significantly higher at every sampling date in co-infected birds. Altogether, infection of layers with H. meleagridis and E. coli resulted in more severe pathological changes, dramatic shift in the cecal mucosa-associated microbiota, higher tissue colonization of pathogenic bacteria such as avian pathogenic E. coli in the gut and increased penetration of E. coli from the cecal lumen toward peritoneum. This study provides novel insights into the parasite-bacteria interaction in vivo highlighting the role of H. meleagridis to support E. coli in the pathogenesis of colibacillosis in chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Kamal Abdelhamid
- Clinic for Poultry and Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Narciso M Quijada
- Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, Institute of Food Safety, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Division of Microbial Ecology, Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Monika Dzieciol
- Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, Institute of Food Safety, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tamas Hatfaludi
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Poultry Vaccines (IPOV), University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ivana Bilic
- Clinic for Poultry and Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Evelyne Selberherr
- Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, Institute of Food Safety, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dieter Liebhart
- Clinic for Poultry and Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Claudia Hess
- Clinic for Poultry and Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Hess
- Clinic for Poultry and Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Poultry Vaccines (IPOV), University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Surya Paudel
- Clinic for Poultry and Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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50
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Blake DP, Knox J, Dehaeck B, Huntington B, Rathinam T, Ravipati V, Ayoade S, Gilbert W, Adebambo AO, Jatau ID, Raman M, Parker D, Rushton J, Tomley FM. Re-calculating the cost of coccidiosis in chickens. Vet Res 2020; 51:115. [PMID: 32928271 PMCID: PMC7488756 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-020-00837-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 291] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Coccidiosis, caused by Eimeria species parasites, has long been recognised as an economically significant disease of chickens. As the global chicken population continues to grow, and its contribution to food security intensifies, it is increasingly important to assess the impact of diseases that compromise chicken productivity and welfare. In 1999, Williams published one of the most comprehensive estimates for the cost of coccidiosis in chickens, featuring a compartmentalised model for the costs of prophylaxis, treatment and losses, indicating a total cost in excess of £38 million in the United Kingdom (UK) in 1995. In the 25 years since this analysis the global chicken population has doubled and systems of chicken meat and egg production have advanced through improved nutrition, husbandry and selective breeding of chickens, and wider use of anticoccidial vaccines. Using data from industry representatives including veterinarians, farmers, production and health experts, we have updated the Williams model and estimate that coccidiosis in chickens cost the UK £99.2 million in 2016 (range £73.0-£125.5 million). Applying the model to data from Brazil, Egypt, Guatemala, India, New Zealand, Nigeria and the United States resulted in estimates that, when extrapolated by geographical region, indicate a global cost of ~ £10.4 billion at 2016 prices (£7.7-£13.0 billion), equivalent to £0.16/chicken produced. Understanding the economic costs of livestock diseases can be advantageous, providing baselines to evaluate the impact of different husbandry systems and interventions. The updated cost of coccidiosis in chickens will inform debates on the value of chemoprophylaxis and development of novel anticoccidial vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damer P. Blake
- Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, AL9 7TA UK
| | - Jolene Knox
- Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, AL9 7TA UK
| | - Ben Dehaeck
- Huvepharma N.V, Uitbreidingstraat 80, 2600 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ben Huntington
- Liverpool Science Park, Innovation Centre 2, 146 Brownlow Hill, Liverpool, L3 5RF UK
| | - Thilak Rathinam
- Huvepharma Inc, 525 Westpark Dr, Ste 230, Peachtree City, GA 30259 USA
| | - Venu Ravipati
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary Science, Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh India
| | - Simeon Ayoade
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State Nigeria
| | - Will Gilbert
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3BX UK
| | - Ayotunde O. Adebambo
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State Nigeria
| | - Isa Danladi Jatau
- Department of Parasitology and Entomology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Muthusamy Raman
- Translational Research Platform for Veterinary Biologicals, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, 600 051 India
| | - Daniel Parker
- Slate Hall Veterinary Practice, Unit 28 Moorlands Trading Estate, Moor Lane, Metheringham, Lincolnshire, LN4 3 HX UK
| | - Jonathan Rushton
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3BX UK
| | - Fiona M. Tomley
- Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, AL9 7TA UK
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