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Santos MRBD, Moreira Filho ALDB, Freitas Neto OC, Andrade MDFDS, Silva NMVD, Sales GFC, Oliveira CJBD, Givisiez PEN. Shifts in microbiota and gene expression of nutrient transporters, mucin and interleukins in the gut of fast-growing and slow-growing chickens infected by Salmonella Enteritidis. Braz J Microbiol 2024; 55:1987-1996. [PMID: 38485903 PMCID: PMC11153419 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-024-01297-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Slow-growing breeds are more resistant to Salmonella infection compared to fast-growing broilers. However, it is unclear whether that is associated with innate resistance or rather rely on differences in Salmonella-induced gut responses. We investigated the microbial composition and gene expression of nutrient transporters, mucin, and interleukin in the gut of a fast-growing (Cobb500) and a slow-growing naked neck (NN) chicken breeds challenged with Salmonella Enteritidis. Hatchlings were inoculated at two days of age using sterile broth (sham) or Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) and distributed according to a completely randomized design into four treatments: Cobb-sham; Cobb-SE; NN-sham; and NN-SE. Cecal SE counting and microbial composition by 16 S rRNA sequencing were determined at 24-, 96-, and 168-hours post-inoculation (hpi). Gene expression of amino acid (Asct1) and peptide transporters (PepT1), glucose transporters (Sglt1, Glut2 and Glut5) and mucin (Muc2) in the jejunum and expression of interleukins (IL1 beta, IL8, IL17 and IL22) in the cecum was assessed by qPCR at 24 and 168 hpi. NN birds were colonized by SE just as Cobb birds but showed innate upregulation of Muc2, IL8 and IL17 in comparison to Cobb. While nutrient transporter mRNA expression was impaired in SE-challenged Cobb birds, the opposite was observed in NN. There were no differences in microbial diversity at different sampling times for Cobb-SE, whereas the other groups had higher diversity and lower dominance at 24 hpi compared with 96 hpi and 168 hpi. NN birds apparently develop earlier gut microbial stability, have higher basal level of mucin gene expression as well as differential nutrient transporter and interleukin gene expression in the presence of SE which might mitigate the effects of SE infection compared to Cobb birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maylane Rayane Brito Dos Santos
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), Areia, PB, 58397-000, Brazil
| | | | - Oliveiro Caetano Freitas Neto
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, 31710-220, Brazil
| | | | | | - Gustavo Felipe Correia Sales
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), Areia, PB, 58397-000, Brazil
| | - Celso José Bruno de Oliveira
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), Areia, PB, 58397-000, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Emília Naves Givisiez
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), Areia, PB, 58397-000, Brazil.
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Rodrigues Alves LB, Freitas Neto OCD, Saraiva MDMS, do Monte DFM, de Lima BN, Cabrera JM, Barbosa FDO, Benevides VP, de Lima TS, Campos IC, Rubio MDS, Nascimento CDF, Arantes LCRV, Alves VV, de Almeida AM, Olsen JE, Berchieri Junior A. Salmonella Gallinarum mgtC mutant shows a delayed fowl typhoid progression in chicken. Gene 2024; 892:147827. [PMID: 37748627 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Salmonella Gallinarum (SG) provokes fowl typhoid, an infectious disease of acute clinical course that affects gallinaceous of any age and leads to high mortality rates. During the typhoid-like systemic infection of S. Typhimurium (STM) in mice, the bacterium expresses the mgtC gene, which is encoded in the Salmonella Pathogenecity Island - 3 (SPI-3). In this serovar, the function is linked to bacterial replication within macrophages, and its absence attenuates the pathogen. We hypothesized that deleting mgtC from SG genome would alter the microorganism pathogenicity in susceptible commercial poultry in a similar manner. Thus, the present study sought to elucidate the importance of mgtC on SG pathogenicity. For this, a mgtC-mutant lacking S. Gallinarum mutant was constructed (SG ΔmgtC). Its ability to replicate in medium that mimicries the mgtC-related intracellular environment of macrophages as well as in primary macrophages from chicken was evaluated. Moreover, the infection of susceptible chickens was performed to elucidate its pathogenicity and the elicited immune responses by measuring key interleukins by qRT-PCR and the population of macrophages and lymphocytes T CD4+ and CD8+ by means of immunohistochemistry. It was observed that mgtC was required for S. Gallinarum replication in acidified low-Mg2+ media and survival within macrophages. However, unlike its requirement for initial phase of STM infection in mice, lower bacterial counts were only observed at the late stage of macrophage infection without affecting the citotoxicity. Experiments showed that knocking-out the mgtC gene neither altered bacterial uptake by macrophages nor affects bacterial counts in liver and spleen and total chicken mortality. However, plotting a survival curve and analyzing the clinical-pathologic conditions, it was observed a slower progression of the disease in chickens infected by SG ΔmgtC compared to those challenged by the wild-type strain. Furthermore, the mRNA expression of IFN-γ and LITAF were similar between the infected chickens, but higher than in the uninfected group. The same was observed in macrophages and lymphocytes T CD4+ populations. On the other hand, the presence of lymphocytes T CD8+ was increased in the initial phase of the disease provoked by the wild-type strain over the mutant strain. We concluded that the role of mgtC in Fowl Typhoid in susceptible chickens differs from the role in typhoid-like infections in mammals. Thus, the deletion of mgtC gene from S. Gallinarum genome does not affect the overall pathogenicity, but slightly alters the pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Bocchini Rodrigues Alves
- Veterinary Medicine Post-graduation Program (Animal Pathology), Avian Pathology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Theriogenology, and One Health, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, Sao Paulo State University (FCAV/Unesp), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen (KU), Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Oliveiro Caetano de Freitas Neto
- Veterinary Medicine Post-graduation Program (Animal Pathology), Avian Pathology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Theriogenology, and One Health, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, Sao Paulo State University (FCAV/Unesp), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary School, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Mauro de Mesquita Souza Saraiva
- Veterinary Medicine Post-graduation Program (Animal Pathology), Avian Pathology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Theriogenology, and One Health, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, Sao Paulo State University (FCAV/Unesp), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen (KU), Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Daniel Farias Marinho do Monte
- Veterinary Medicine Post-graduation Program (Animal Pathology), Avian Pathology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Theriogenology, and One Health, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, Sao Paulo State University (FCAV/Unesp), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruna Nestlehner de Lima
- Veterinary Medicine Post-graduation Program (Animal Pathology), Avian Pathology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Theriogenology, and One Health, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, Sao Paulo State University (FCAV/Unesp), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Julia Memrava Cabrera
- Veterinary Medicine Post-graduation Program (Animal Pathology), Avian Pathology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Theriogenology, and One Health, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, Sao Paulo State University (FCAV/Unesp), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda de Oliveira Barbosa
- Veterinary Medicine Post-graduation Program (Animal Pathology), Avian Pathology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Theriogenology, and One Health, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, Sao Paulo State University (FCAV/Unesp), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Valdinete Pereira Benevides
- Veterinary Medicine Post-graduation Program (Animal Pathology), Avian Pathology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Theriogenology, and One Health, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, Sao Paulo State University (FCAV/Unesp), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen (KU), Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Túlio Spina de Lima
- Veterinary Medicine Post-graduation Program (Animal Pathology), Avian Pathology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Theriogenology, and One Health, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, Sao Paulo State University (FCAV/Unesp), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Isabella Cardeal Campos
- Veterinary Medicine Post-graduation Program (Animal Pathology), Avian Pathology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Theriogenology, and One Health, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, Sao Paulo State University (FCAV/Unesp), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcela da Silva Rubio
- Veterinary Medicine Post-graduation Program (Animal Pathology), Avian Pathology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Theriogenology, and One Health, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, Sao Paulo State University (FCAV/Unesp), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Camila de Fatima Nascimento
- Veterinary Medicine Post-graduation Program (Animal Pathology), Avian Pathology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Theriogenology, and One Health, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, Sao Paulo State University (FCAV/Unesp), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Letícia Cury Rocha Veloso Arantes
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary School, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Victória Veiga Alves
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary School, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Adriana Maria de Almeida
- Veterinary Medicine Post-graduation Program (Animal Pathology), Avian Pathology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Theriogenology, and One Health, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, Sao Paulo State University (FCAV/Unesp), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - John Elmerdahl Olsen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen (KU), Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Angelo Berchieri Junior
- Veterinary Medicine Post-graduation Program (Animal Pathology), Avian Pathology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Theriogenology, and One Health, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, Sao Paulo State University (FCAV/Unesp), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Guo F, Liu H, Li X, Hu Z, Huang J, Bi R, Abbas W, Guo Y, Wang Z. Sophy β-Glucan from the Black Yeast Aureobasidium pullulans Attenuates Salmonella-Induced Intestinal Epithelial Barrier Injury in Caco-2 Cell Monolayers via Exerting Anti-Oxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Properties. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 13:48. [PMID: 38247473 PMCID: PMC10812733 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13010048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The zoonotic pathogens Salmonella spp. infection disrupted intestinal epithelial barrier function and induced local gastroenteritis and systemic inflammation in humans and animals. Sophy β-glucan, a water-soluble β-1,3/1,6-glucan synthesized from the black yeast Aureobasidium pullulans, was reported with immune-regulatory, anti-inflammatory, and anti-infective properties. Here, we investigated the protective role of sophy β-glucan on Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis (SE)-challenged Caco-2 cells monolayer and explored underlying action mechanisms. The results showed that pretreatment with sophy β-glucan blocked the adhesion and invasion of SE onto Caco-2 cells along with alleviating SE-induced epithelial barrier injury, as evidenced by increased trans-epithelial electrical resistance, decreased fluorescently-labeled dextran 4 flux permeability, and an enhanced Claudin-4 protein level in the SE-stimulated Caco-2 cell monolayer. Moreover, treatment with β-glucan down-regulated pro-inflammatory factors (IL-1β, IL-8, and TNF-α) while up-regulating anti-inflammatory factors IL-10 at mRNA and protein levels in SE-infected Caco-2 cells. Furthermore, sophy β-glucan strengthened the anti-oxidative capacity of Caco-2 monolayers cells by elevating T-AOC and SOD activity and inhibiting MDA production defending SE. Together, our data showed that sophy β-glucan could prevent intestinal epithelial injury induced by SE, possibly by exerting anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, and it might be helpful for controlling SE infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Zhong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (F.G.); (H.L.); (X.L.); (Z.H.); (J.H.); (R.B.); (W.A.); (Y.G.)
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4
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Ahmad AAM, Elmowalid GA, Abdelhamid AE, Mohammad AAE, Abdelwahab AMO. Nigella sativa-chitosan nanoparticles: Novel intestinal mucosal immunomodulator controls and protects against Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis infection in broilers. BMC Vet Res 2023; 19:103. [PMID: 37528439 PMCID: PMC10391840 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-023-03632-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) propagates in chickens' gastrointestinal surfaces and is transmitted to humans, causing food poisoning. Oral supplementation with natural nanoparticles can overcome the harsh gastrointestinal conditions facing oral vaccines and requires no antibiotic administration to protect against microbial infection. This study was designed to study Nigella sativa-chitosan nanoparticles (CNP-NS) prophylactic immunomodulatory efficacy against SE infection in broiler chicks. The CNP-NS was prepared and characterized, and its in vivo immunomodulatory activities against an avian virulent-MDR SE-induced challenge in chicks were investigated. RESULT To verify the immune-protective activities of the CNP-NS, colony forming units (CFU) in the liver and fecal droppings; intestinal histopathological alterations and immune cell recruitment; MUC-2, TLR-4, cecal cytokines, and specific IgA gene expression levels were assessed. On the 7th and 12th days after the SE challenge, the CNP-NS supplemented chicks showed complete clearance of SE CFU in livers and fecal droppings, as well as an improvement in food conversion rate compared to non-supplemented CNP-NS that revealed the presence of the challenge SE CFU on the same days. A prominent influx of antigen presenting cells and lymphoid aggregates into the intestinal wall, spleen, and liver was detected with improvements in the intestinal villi morphometry of the CNP-NS-supplemented chicks. The changes of INF-γ, IL-1β, and IL-4 cecal cytokines, as well as TLR-4, MUC-2, and IgA mRNA expression levels, confirm CNP-NS immunomodulatory activities and provide a mechanism(s) for its protective actions against the induced SE challenge of the tested chickens. CONCLUSION These findings suggest promising useful insights into CNP-NS supplementation as a safe food additive for poultry meat consumers' and a protective immunomodulator of the chickens' mucosal immune systems. It could be recommended for epidemiological purposes to reduce the risk of SE food poisoning and transmission to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adel Attia M Ahmad
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
| | - Gamal A Elmowalid
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Ahmed E Abdelhamid
- Polymers and Pigments Department, National Research Centre, 33 El-Buhouth St, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Ashraf M O Abdelwahab
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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Lacroix-Lamandé S, Bernardi O, Pezier T, Barilleau E, Burlaud-Gaillard J, Gagneux A, Velge P, Wiedemann A. Differential Salmonella Typhimurium intracellular replication and host cell responses in caecal and ileal organoids derived from chicken. Vet Res 2023; 54:63. [PMID: 37525204 PMCID: PMC10391861 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-023-01189-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Chicken infection with Salmonella Typhimurium is an important source of foodborne human diseases. Salmonella colonizes the avian intestinal tract and more particularly the caecum, without causing symptoms. This thus poses a challenge for the prevention of foodborne transmission. Until now, studies on the interaction of Salmonella with the avian gut intestine have been limited by the absence of in vitro intestinal culture models. Here, we established intestinal crypt-derived chicken organoids to better decipher the impact of Salmonella intracellular replication on avian intestinal epithelium. Using a 3D organoid model, we observed a significantly higher replication rate of the intracellular bacteria in caecal organoids than in ileal organoids. Our model thus recreates intracellular environment, allowing Salmonella replication of avian epithelium according to the intestinal segment. Moreover, an inhibition of the cellular proliferation was observed in infected ileal and caecal organoids compared to uninfected organoids. This appears with a higher effect in ileal organoids, as well as a higher cytokine and signaling molecule response in infected ileal organoids at 3 h post-infection (hpi) than in caecal organoids that could explain the lower replication rate of Salmonella observed later at 24 hpi. To conclude, this study demonstrates that the 3D organoid is a model allowing to decipher the intracellular impact of Salmonella on the intestinal epithelium cell response and illustrates the importance of the gut segment used to purify stem cells and derive organoids to specifically study epithelial cell -Salmonella interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tiffany Pezier
- INRAE, Université de Tours, ISP, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | | | - Julien Burlaud-Gaillard
- Plateforme IBiSA de Microscopie Électronique, Université de Tours et CHRU de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Anissa Gagneux
- INRAE, Université de Tours, ISP, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Philippe Velge
- INRAE, Université de Tours, ISP, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Agnès Wiedemann
- INRAE, Université de Tours, ISP, 37380, Nouzilly, France.
- IRSD, Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive, ENVT, INRAE, INSERM, Université́ de Toulouse, UPS, Toulouse, France.
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Hu Z, Liu L, Guo F, Huang J, Qiao J, Bi R, Huang J, Zhang K, Guo Y, Wang Z. Dietary supplemental coated essential oils and organic acids mixture improves growth performance and gut health along with reduces Salmonella load of broiler chickens infected with Salmonella Enteritidis. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2023; 14:95. [PMID: 37391807 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-023-00889-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reducing Salmonella infection in broiler chickens by using effective and safe alternatives to antibiotics is vital to provide safer poultry meat and minimize the emergence of drug-resistant Salmonella and the spread of salmonellosis to humans. This study was to first evaluate the protective efficacy of feeding coated essential oils and organic acids mixture (EOA) on broiler chickens infected with Salmonella Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis, SE), and then its action mechanism was further explored. METHODS A total of 480 1-day-old Arbor Acres male chickens were randomly assigned into five treatments with six replicates, including non-challenged control fed with basal diet (A), SE-challenged control (B), and SE-infected birds fed a basal diet with 300 mg/kg of EOA (BL), 500 mg/kg of EOA (BM) and 800 mg/kg of EOA (BH), respectively. All birds on challenged groups were infected with Salmonella Enteritidis on d 13. RESULTS: Feeding EOA showed a reversed ability on negative effects caused by SE infection, as evidenced by decreasing the feed conversion rate (FCR) and the ratio of villus height to crypt depth (VH/CD) (P < 0.05), obviously decreasing intestinal and internal organs Salmonella load along with increasing cecal butyric acid-producing bacteria abundance (P < 0.05). Moreover, supplemental different levels of EOA notably up-regulated claudin-1 (CLDN-1), occludin (OCLN), zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), mucin-2 (MUC-2), fatty acid binding protein-2 (FABP-2), nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), myeloid differential protein-88 (MyD88) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) mRNA levels in the ileum of the infected chickens after challenge, whereas down-regulated toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4) mRNA levels (P < 0.05). Linear discriminant analysis combined effect size measurements analysis (LEfSe) showed that the relative abundance of g_Butyricicoccus, g_Anaerotruncus and g_unclassified_f_Bacillaceae significantly was enriched in infected birds given EOA. Also, phylogenetic investigation of communities by reconstruction of unobserved states (PICRUSt) analysis showed that alpha-linolenic acid metabolism, fatty acid metabolism and biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids were significantly enriched in the EOA group. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that the essential oils and organic acids mixture can be used as an effective strategy to ameliorate and alleviate Salmonella Enteritidis infection in broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeqiong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Fangshen Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianing Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ruichen Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinyu Huang
- Shanghai Meinong Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Kaichen Zhang
- Shandong Heyi Food Co., Ltd., Zaozhuang City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yuming Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
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Liu Y, Feng Y, Yang X, Lv Z, Li P, Zhang M, Wei F, Jin X, Hu Y, Guo Y, Liu D. Mining chicken ileal microbiota for immunomodulatory microorganisms. THE ISME JOURNAL 2023; 17:758-774. [PMID: 36849630 PMCID: PMC10119185 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-023-01387-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiota makes important contributions to host immune system development and resistance to pathogen infections, especially during early life. However, studies addressing the immunomodulatory functions of gut microbial individuals or populations are limited. In this study, we explore the systemic impact of the ileal microbiota on immune cell development and function of chickens and identify the members of the microbiota involved in immune system modulation. We initially used a time-series design with six time points to prove that ileal microbiota at different succession stages is intimately connected to immune cell maturation. Antibiotics perturbed the microbiota succession and negatively affected immune development, whereas early exposure to the ileal commensal microbiota from more mature birds promoted immune cell development and facilitated pathogen elimination after Salmonella Typhimurium infection, illustrating that early colonization of gut microbiota is an important driver of immune development. Five bacterial strains, Blautia coccoides, Bacteroides xylanisolvens, Fournierella sp002159185, Romboutsia lituseburensis, and Megamonas funiformis, which are closely related to the immune system development of broiler chickens, were then screened out and validated for their immunomodulatory properties. Our results provide insight into poultry immune system-microbiota interactions and also establish a foundation for targeted immunological interventions aiming to combat infectious diseases and promote poultry health and production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Yuqing Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyue Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengtian Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Meihong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Fuxiao Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolu Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Yongfei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Yuming Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China.
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Al-Zghoul MB, Jaradat ZW, Ababneh MM, Okour MZ, Saleh KMM, Alkofahi A, Alboom MH. Effects of embryonic thermal manipulation on the immune response to post-hatch Escherichia coli challenge in broiler chicken. Vet World 2023; 16:918-928. [PMID: 37576780 PMCID: PMC10420701 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.918-928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Thermal manipulation (TM), exposure to mild heat shock during embryogenesis, which is a critical developmental period of broiler chickens, improves tissue stability, oxidative stress response, and immune response during heat stress. Thermal manipulation could be more cost-effective than other methods to boost the immune response. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of TM during embryogenesis, concomitant with an Escherichia coli challenge, on body weight (BW), body temperature (Tb), and splenic mRNA expression of cytokines (Interleukin [IL]-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, IL-15, IL-16, IL-18, and interferon [IFN]-γ) in poultry. Materials and Methods A total of 740 fertile eggs were procured from a certified Ross broiler breeder. The eggs were divided into two incubation groups: the control and TM groups. The eggs in the control group were kept at 37.8°C air temperature and 56% relative humidity (RH) during incubation; eggs of the TM group were incubated under standard conditions, except for embryonic days 10-18, during which they were incubated at 39°C and 65% RH for 18 h daily. On the 7th day of incubation, eggs with dead embryos were excluded. After hatching was complete, each group was further subdivided into saline-treated or E. coli-challenged groups. The E. coli (serotype 078 with the dose of 1.5 × 105 colony-forming unit/mL) challenge was performed when the birds were 20 days old. Body weight and Tb measurements were taken on post-hatch days 20, 21, 23, and 25. Splenic mRNA expression of cytokines (IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, IL-15, IL-16, IL-18, and IFN-γ) was analyzed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Results Following the E. coli challenge, the TM-treated group's body performance parameters (BW and Tb) were significantly increased compared with the control group. Body weight was higher in the TM group than in the control group (p < 0.05); Tb was lower in the TM group than in the control group (p < 0.05). The mRNA levels of IL and IFN-γ were more stable and moderately induced in the TM group compared with the control group. Thermal manipulation altered the basal mRNA levels of ILs and IFN-γ and changed their expression dynamics after the E. coli challenge. Conclusion Thermal manipulation during embryogenesis could boost the immune system response to E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Borhan Al-Zghoul
- Department of Basic Medical Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Ziad Waheed Jaradat
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Science and Art, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Mustafa M. Ababneh
- Department of Basic Medical Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Mohammad Ziad Okour
- Department of Basic Medical Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | | | - Ayesha Alkofahi
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Science and Art, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Mohammad Hussien Alboom
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Science and Art, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
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9
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Yang J, Yang K, Wang K, Zhou D, Zhou J, Du X, Liu S, Cheng Z. Serum amyloid A regulates TLR2/4-mediated IFN-β signaling pathway against Marek's disease virus. Virus Res 2023; 326:199044. [PMID: 36652973 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2023.199044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Serum amyloid A (SAA), an acute response phase protein (APP), is crucial for the innate immune response during pathogenic microorganisms' invasion. Marek's disease virus (MDV) is a highly oncogenic alphaherpesvirus that activates multiple innate immune molecules, including SAA, in the host during infection. However, the pathway through which SAA participates in MDV-induced host innate immunity remains unknown. The present study aimed to elucidate the pathway through which SAA exerts its anti-MDV function. We observed that MDV infection in vivo and in vitro significantly elevated SAA expression. Furthermore, through SAA overexpression and knockdown experiments, we demonstrated that SAA could inhibit MDV replication. Subsequently, we found that SAA activated Toll-Like Receptor 2/4 (TLR2/4) -mediated Interferon Beta (IFN-β) promoter activity and IFN regulatory factor 7 (IRF7) promoter activity. During MDV infection, SAA enhanced TLR2/4-mediated IFN-β signal transduction and messenger RNAs (mRNAs) expression of type I IFN (IFN-I) and interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). Finally, TLR2/4 inhibitor OxPAPC inhibits the anti-MDV activity of SAA. These results demonstrated that SAA inhibits MDV replication and enhancing TLR2/4-mediated IFN-β signal transduction to promote IFNs and ISGs expression. This finding is the first to demonstrate the signaling pathway by which SAA exerts its anti-MDV function. It also provides new insights into the control of oncogenic herpesviruses from the perspective of acute response phase proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhao Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Taian 271018, China
| | - Kunmei Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Taian 271018, China
| | - Kang Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Taian 271018, China
| | - Defang Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Taian 271018, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Taian 271018, China
| | - Xusheng Du
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Taian 271018, China
| | - Shenglong Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Taian 271018, China
| | - Ziqiang Cheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Taian 271018, China.
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10
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Application of Eugenol in Poultry to Control Salmonella Colonization and Spread. Vet Sci 2023; 10:vetsci10020151. [PMID: 36851455 PMCID: PMC9962070 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10020151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The poultry sector is an essential component of agriculture that has experienced unprecedented growth during the last few decades. It is especially true for the United States, where the average intake of chicken meat increased from 10 pounds (4.5 kg) per person in 1940 to 65.2 pounds (29.6 kg) per person in 2018, while the country produced 113 billion eggs in 2019 alone. Besides providing nutrition and contributing significantly to the economy, chicken is also a natural reservoir of Salmonella, which is responsible for salmonellosis in humans, one of the significant foodborne illnesses around the globe. The increasing use of chicken manure and antibiotics increases the spread of Salmonella and selects for multi-drug resistant strains. Various plant extracts, primarily essential oils, have been investigated for their antimicrobial activities. The multiple ways through which these plant-derived compounds exert their antimicrobial effects make the development of resistance against them unlikely. Eugenol, an aromatic oil primarily found in clove and cinnamon, has shown antimicrobial activities against various pathogenic bacteria. A few reports have also highlighted the anti-Salmonella effects of eugenol in chicken, especially in reducing the colonization by Salmonella Enteritidis and Salmonella Typhimurium, the primary Salmonella species responsible for human salmonellosis. Besides limiting Salmonella infection in chicken, the supplementation of eugenol also significantly improves intestinal health, improving overall well-being. In this review, we highlight the rising incidences of salmonellosis worldwide and the factors increasing its prevalence. We then propose the usage of eugenol as a natural feed supplement for containing Salmonella in chicken.
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11
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Morphological Assessment and Biomarkers of Low-Grade, Chronic Intestinal Inflammation in Production Animals. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12213036. [PMID: 36359160 PMCID: PMC9654368 DOI: 10.3390/ani12213036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Production animals are continuously exposed to environmental and dietary factors that might induce a state of low-grade, chronic intestinal inflammation. This condition compromises the productive performance and well-fare of these animals, requiring studies to understand what causes it and to develop control strategies. An intestinal inflammatory process is generally associated with alterations in the structure and functionality of its wall, resulting in the release of cellular components into the blood and/or feces. These components can act as biomarkers, i.e., they are measured to identify and quantify an inflammatory process without requiring invasive methods. In this review we discuss the mechanisms of low-grade inflammation, its effects on animal production and sustainability, and the identification of biomarkers that could provide early diagnosis of this process and support studies of useful interventional strategies. Abstract The complex interaction between the intestinal mucosa, the gut microbiota, and the diet balances the host physiological homeostasis and is fundamental for the maximal genetic potential of production animals. However, factors such as chemical and physical characteristics of the diet and/or environmental stressors can continuously affect this balance, potentially inducing a state of chronic low-grade inflammation in the gut, where inflammatory parameters are present and demanding energy, but not in enough intensity to provoke clinical manifestations. It’s vital to expand the understanding of inflammation dynamics and of how they compromise the function activity and microscopic morphology of the intestinal mucosa. These morphometric alterations are associated with the release of structural and functional cellular components into the feces and the blood stream creating measurable biomarkers to track this condition. Moreover, the identification of novel, immunometabolic biomarkers can provide dynamic and predictors of low-grade chronic inflammation, but also provide indicators of successful nutritional or feed additive intervention strategies. The objective of this paper is to review the mechanisms of low-grade inflammation, its effects on animal production and sustainability, and the biomarkers that could provide early diagnosis of this process and support studies of useful interventional strategies.
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12
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Shao Y, Zhen W, Guo F, Hu Z, Zhang K, Kong L, Guo Y, Wang Z. Pretreatment with probiotics Enterococcus faecium NCIMB 11181 attenuated Salmonella Typhimurium-induced gut injury through modulating intestinal microbiome and immune responses with barrier function in broiler chickens. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2022; 13:130. [PMID: 36221113 PMCID: PMC9555120 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-022-00765-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Preventing Salmonella infection and colonization in young birds is key to improving poultry gut health and reducing Salmonella contamination of poultry products and decreasing salmonellosis for human consumption (poultry meat and eggs). Probiotics can improve poultry health. The present study was conducted to investigate the impact of a probiotics, Enterococcus faecium NCIMB 11181 (E. faecium NCIMB 11181) on the intestinal mucosal immune responses, microbiome and barrier function in the presence or absence of Salmonella Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium, ST) infection. Methods Two hundred and forty 1-day-old Salmonella-free male broiler chickens (Arbor Acres AA+) were randomly allocated to four groups with 6 replicate cages of 10 birds each. The four experimental groups were follows: (1) negative control (NC), (2) S. Typhimurium, challenged positive control (PC), (3) the E. faecium NCIMB 11181-treated group (EF), (4) the E. faecium NCIMB 11181-treated and S. Typhimurium-challenged group (PEF). Results Results indicated that, although continuous feeding E. faecium NCIMB 11181 did not obviously alleviate growth depression caused by S. Typhimurium challenge (P > 0.05), E. faecium NCIMB 11181 addition significantly blocked Salmonella intestinal colonization and translocation (P < 0.05). Moreover, supplemental E. faecium NCIMB 11181 to the infected chickens remarkably attenuated gut morphological structure damage and intestinal cell apoptosis induced by S. Typhimurium infection, as evidenced by increasing gut villous height and reducing intestinal TUNEL-positive cell numbers (P < 0.05). Also, E. faecium NCIMB 11181 administration notably promoting the production of anti-Salmonella antibodies in intestinal mucosa and serum of the infected birds (P < 0.05). Additionally, 16S rRNA sequencing analysis revealed that E. faecium NCIMB 11181 supplementation ameliorated S. Typhimurium infection-induced gut microbial dysbiosis by enriching Lachnospiracease and Alistipes levels, and suppressing Barnesiella abundance. Predicted function analysis indicated that the functional genes of cecal microbiome involved in C5-branched dibasic acid metabolism; valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis; glycerolipid metabolism and lysine biosynthesis were enriched in the infected chickens given E. faecium NCIMB 11181. While alanine, asparate and glutamate metabolism; MAPK signal pathway-yeast; ubiquine and other terpenoid-quinore biosynthesis, protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum; as well as glutathione metabolism were suppressed by E. faecium NCIMB 11181 addition. Conclusion Collectively, our data suggested that dietary E. faecium NCIBM 11181 supplementation could ameliorate S. Typhimurium infection-induced gut injury in broiler chickens. Our findings also suggest that E. faecium NCIMB 11181 may serve as an effective non-antibiotic feed additive for improving gut health and controlling Salmonella infection in broiler chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujing Shao
- College of Biology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenrui Zhen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Province of Henan, Luoyang, China
| | - Fangshen Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zeqiong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Kaichen Zhang
- Tengzhou Heyi Food Co. Ltd, Zaozhuang, Shandong Province, China
| | - Linhua Kong
- Tengzhou Heyi Food Co. Ltd, Zaozhuang, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yuming Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
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13
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Dar MA, Ahmad SM, Bhat BA, Dar TA, Haq ZU, Wani BA, Shabir N, Kashoo ZA, Shah RA, Ganai NA, Heidari M. Comparative RNA-Seq analysis reveals insights in Salmonella disease resistance of chicken; and database development as resource for gene expression in poultry. Genomics 2022; 114:110475. [PMID: 36064074 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2022.110475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Salmonella, one of the major infectious diseases in poultry, causes considerable economic losses in terms of mortality and morbidity, especially in countries that lack effective vaccination programs. Besides being resistant to diseases, indigenous chicken breeds are also a potential source of animal protein in developing countries. For understanding the disease resistance, an indigenous chicken line Kashmir faverolla, and commercial broiler were selected. RNA-seq was performed after challenging the chicken with Salmonella Typhimurium. Comparative differential expression results showed that following infection, a total of 3153 genes and 1787 genes were differentially expressed in the liver and spleen, respectively. The genes that were differentially expressed included interleukins, cytokines, NOS2, Avβ-defensins, toll-like receptors, and other immune-related gene families. Most of the genes and signaling pathways involved in the innate and adaptive immune responses against bacterial infection were significantly enriched in the Kashmir faverolla. Pathway analysis revealed that most of the enriched pathways were MAPK signaling pathway, NOD-like receptor signaling pathway, TLR signaling pathway, PPAR signaling pathway, endocytosis, etc. Surprisingly some immune-related genes like TLRs were upregulated in the susceptible chicken breed. On postmortem examination, the resistant birds showed small lesions in the liver compared to large necrotic lesions in susceptible birds. The pathological manifestations and RNA sequencing results suggest a balancing link between resistance and infection tolerance in Kashmir faverolla. Here we also developed an online Poultry Infection Database (https://skuastk.org/pif/index.html), the first publicly available gene expression resource for disease resistance in chickens. The available database not only shows the data for gene expression in chicken tissues but also provides quick search, visualization and download capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mashooq Ahmad Dar
- Division of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Shuhama, SKUAST-K, India; Department of Clinical Biochemistry/Biochemistry, University of Kashmir, India
| | - Syed Mudasir Ahmad
- Division of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Shuhama, SKUAST-K, India.
| | - Basharat A Bhat
- Division of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Shuhama, SKUAST-K, India
| | - Tanveer Ali Dar
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry/Biochemistry, University of Kashmir, India
| | - Zulfqar Ul Haq
- Division of Livestock Poultry and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Shuhama, SKUAST-K, India
| | - Basharat A Wani
- Division of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Shuhama, SKUAST-K, India
| | - Nadeem Shabir
- Division of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Shuhama, SKUAST-K, India
| | - Zahid Amin Kashoo
- Division of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Shuhama, SKUAST-K, India
| | - Riaz Ahmad Shah
- Division of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Shuhama, SKUAST-K, India
| | | | - Mohammad Heidari
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Avian Disease and Oncology Laboratory, 4279 E. Mount Hope Rd., East Lansing, MI 48823, USA
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14
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Kogut MH, Genovese KJ, Byrd JA, Swaggerty CL, He H, Farnell Y, Arsenault RJ. Chicken-Specific Kinome Analysis of Early Host Immune Signaling Pathways in the Cecum of Newly Hatched Chickens Infected With Salmonella enterica Serovar Enteritidis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:899395. [PMID: 35846741 PMCID: PMC9279939 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.899395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Poultry is a major source of human foodborne illness caused by broad host range Salmonella serovars (paratyphoid), and developing cost-effective, pre-harvest interventions to reduce these pathogens would be valuable to the industry and consumer. Host responses to infectious agents are often regulated through phosphorylation. However, proteomic mechanisms of Salmonella acute infection biology and host responses to the bacteria have been limited concentrating predominately on the genomic responses of the host to infection. Our recent development of chicken-specific peptide arrays for kinome analysis of host phosphorylation-based cellular signaling responses provided us with the opportunity to develop a more detailed understanding of the early (4-24 h post-infection) host-pathogen interactions during the initial colonization of the cecum by Salmonella. Using the chicken-specific kinomic immune peptide array, biological pathway analysis showed infection with S. Enteritidis increased signaling related to the innate immune response, relative to the non-infected control ceca. Notably, the acute innate immune signaling pathways were characterized by increased peptide phosphorylation (activation) of the Toll-like receptor and NOD-like receptor signaling pathways, the activation of the chemokine signaling pathway, and the activation of the apoptosis signaling pathways. In addition, Salmonella infection induced a dramatic alteration in the phosphorylation events of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway. Lastly, there is also significant activation of the T cell receptor signaling pathway demonstrating the initiation of the acquired immune response to Salmonella infection. Based on the individual phosphorylation events altered by the early Salmonella infection of the cecum, certain conclusions can be drawn: (1) Salmonella was recognized by both TLR and NOD receptors that initiated the innate immune response; (2) activation of the PPRs induced the production of chemokines CXCLi2 (IL-8) and cytokines IL-2, IL-6, IFN-α, and IFN-γ; (3) Salmonella infection targeted the JAK-STAT pathway as a means of evading the host response by targeting the dephosphorylation of JAK1 and TYK2 and STAT1,2,3,4, and 6; (4) apoptosis appears to be a host defense mechanism where the infection with Salmonella induced both the intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways; and (5) the T cell receptor signaling pathway activates the AP-1 and NF-κB transcription factor cascades, but not NFAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael H. Kogut
- Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA ARS), College Station, TX, United States
- *Correspondence: Michael H. Kogut,
| | - Kenneth J. Genovese
- Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA ARS), College Station, TX, United States
| | - J. Allen Byrd
- Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA ARS), College Station, TX, United States
| | - Christina L. Swaggerty
- Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA ARS), College Station, TX, United States
| | - Haiqi He
- Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA ARS), College Station, TX, United States
| | - Yuhua Farnell
- Department of Poultry Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Ryan J. Arsenault
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States
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15
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Hrabia A, Miska KB, Schreier LL, Proszkowiec-Weglarz M. Altered gene expression of selected matrix metalloproteinase system proteins in the broiler chicken gastrointestinal tract during post-hatch development and coccidia infection*. Poult Sci 2022; 101:101915. [PMID: 35687960 PMCID: PMC9190011 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.101915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of proteases, that can process extracellular matrix (ECM) components and non-ECM molecules. MMPs can also function intracellularly in proteolytic and nonproteolytic functions. The participation of MMPs in the remodeling of the chicken gastrointestinal tract is largely unknown. The aim of the present study was to examine 1) the early neonatal developmental changes and effect of delayed access to feed immediately post-hatch (PH) and 2) the effect of Eimeria infection on mRNA expression of selected MMPs, their tissue inhibitors (TIMPs), and a disintegrin and metalloproteinase (ADAM) metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif 8 (ADAMTS8) in the gastrointestinal tract of chicken. Protein localization of MMPs and TIMPs was also carried out in the normal ileal wall at −48, 24, and 336 h relative to hatch using immunofluorescence. In experiment 1, newly hatched Ross 708 chicks received feed and water immediately PH or were subjected to 48 h delayed access to feed. Chickens were sampled at −48, 0, 4, 24, 48, 72, 96, 144, 192, 240, 288, and 336 h PH. Ileum was collected for investigation of gene expression or fixed in paraformaldehyde for immunofluorescence. In experiments 2 and 3, Ross 708 male broilers were infected, at 21 d of age with Eimeria maxima or E. acervulina or sham-infected with water. Intestinal tissues were collected at 7 and 10 d postinfection for gene expression analysis. In general, mRNA expression patterns of all examined genes showed downregulation during the first 2 wk PH and were not affected by delay in feed access. These development-dependent changes in expression and tissue-dependent localization in the ileum of selected MMPs and TIMPs indicate that these molecules participate in the remodeling of chicken intestinal tissues during PH development. Increased expression of MMP-7 and MMP-9 transcripts in the intestine of Eimeria infected birds suggests an important role for these enzymes in the process of tissue remodeling and destruction in pathological conditions. The findings of this study are important for understanding the relationship between the expression of the MMP system and intestinal development, as well its role in gastrointestinal infection and subsequent recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Hrabia
- Department of Animal Physiology and Endocrinology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna B Miska
- United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service (ARS), Northeast Area (NEA), Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory (ABBL), Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Lori L Schreier
- United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service (ARS), Northeast Area (NEA), Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory (ABBL), Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Monika Proszkowiec-Weglarz
- United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service (ARS), Northeast Area (NEA), Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory (ABBL), Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.
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16
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Revajová V, Benková T, Karaffová V, Levkut M, Selecká E, Dvorožňáková E, Ševčíková Z, Herich R, Levkut M. Influence of Immune Parameters after Enterococcus faecium AL41 Administration and Salmonella Infection in Chickens. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12020201. [PMID: 35207488 PMCID: PMC8878764 DOI: 10.3390/life12020201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune response of day-old chicks infected with Salmonella Enteritidis PT4 and preventive administration of Enterococcus faecium AL41 were studied using hematology and flow cytometry of immunocompetent cells in blood, cecum, bursa and spleen for 11 days, and included 220 animals divided into four groups (n = 55). E. faecium AL41 was administered for 7 days to EF and EFSE groups and on day 4 SE and EFSE groups were infected with Salmonella Enteritidis. Values of monocytes at 4 dpi significantly increased in EFSE and lymphocytes at 7 dpi in EF groups. Blood CD3, CD4, CD8 and IgM lymphocytes improved in EF and EFSE groups and IgA in EF group at 4 dpi. Phagocytic activity of probiotic groups was improved in both samples. Cecal IEL and LPL lymphocytes showed at 7 dpi stimulation of CD3, CD4 and CD8 subpopulations in probiotic groups, especially in EFSE group, IgA IEL and IgA with IgM LPL in EF groups. Bursa Fabricii at 7 dpi presented overstimulation of IgG subpopulation in SE group, spleen CD3 and CD8 in EF and EFSE groups. E. faecium AL41 revealed the protective effect and positive influence on the local and systemic immune response in Salmonella Enteritidis PT4 infected chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viera Revajová
- Department of Morphological Disciplines, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia; (V.R.); (T.B.); (M.L.); (E.S.); (Z.Š.); (R.H.); (M.L.)
| | - Terézia Benková
- Department of Morphological Disciplines, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia; (V.R.); (T.B.); (M.L.); (E.S.); (Z.Š.); (R.H.); (M.L.)
| | - Viera Karaffová
- Department of Morphological Disciplines, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia; (V.R.); (T.B.); (M.L.); (E.S.); (Z.Š.); (R.H.); (M.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +421-905871840
| | - Martin Levkut
- Department of Morphological Disciplines, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia; (V.R.); (T.B.); (M.L.); (E.S.); (Z.Š.); (R.H.); (M.L.)
| | - Emília Selecká
- Department of Morphological Disciplines, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia; (V.R.); (T.B.); (M.L.); (E.S.); (Z.Š.); (R.H.); (M.L.)
| | - Emília Dvorožňáková
- Institute of Parasitology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia;
| | - Zuzana Ševčíková
- Department of Morphological Disciplines, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia; (V.R.); (T.B.); (M.L.); (E.S.); (Z.Š.); (R.H.); (M.L.)
| | - Róbert Herich
- Department of Morphological Disciplines, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia; (V.R.); (T.B.); (M.L.); (E.S.); (Z.Š.); (R.H.); (M.L.)
| | - Mikuláš Levkut
- Department of Morphological Disciplines, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia; (V.R.); (T.B.); (M.L.); (E.S.); (Z.Š.); (R.H.); (M.L.)
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Science, 845 10 Bratislava, Slovakia
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17
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Konieczka P, Sandvang D, Kinsner M, Szkopek D, Szyryńska N, Jankowski J. Bacillus-based probiotics affect gut barrier integrity in different ways in chickens subjected to optimal or challenge conditions. Vet Microbiol 2021; 265:109323. [PMID: 34974377 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2021.109323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Dietary supplementation with spore-forming Bacillus-based probiotics represents an efficient means to improve gut health while maintaining good broiler performance. This study investigated the potential of two probiotic products in chickens subjected to optimal (Experiment 1) and Clostridium perfringens-challenged (Experiment 2) conditions. The treatments in Experiment 1 were as follows: (i) CON (no probiotic additive), (ii) One-strain Pro (supplemented with Bacillus licheniformis) or (iii) Multi-strain Pro (supplemented with a multistrain Bacillus-based probiotic). The treatment groups in Experiment 2 received the same diets as those in Experiment 1 but were subjected to C. perfringens challenge. Both experiments lasted 35 days. Both products marginally affected broiler performance in the optimal or challenge conditions. In Experiment 1, Multi-strain Pro upregulated the mRNA expression level of 11 out of 15 selected genes, whereas in Experiment 2, this was less evident, and One-strain Pro was more effective. The multistrain probiotic was effective in maintaining gut morphostructure indices and increasing gut wall thickness, which was particularly evident in challenged birds. Neither additive induced bacterial activity (assessed by measuring enzymatic activity and short-chain fatty acid production) in the cecum, and Multi-strain Pro maintained the cecal butyrate concentration in challenged birds as in the challenged CON treatment, in which butyrate concentration was significantly higher than in the One-strain Pro treatment. Our findings indicated that the activity of these single- and multistrain probiotic products varies depending on rearing conditions, and the effect is highly strain- and product-specific. However, the multistrain probiotic apparently had more beneficial effects than the one-strain probiotic in the maintenance of gut functional status under optimal and challenge conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Konieczka
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719, Olsztyn, Poland; Department of Animal Nutrition, The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition Polish Academy of Sciences, Instytucka 3, 05-110, Jabłonna, Poland.
| | | | - Misza Kinsner
- Department of Animal Nutrition, The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition Polish Academy of Sciences, Instytucka 3, 05-110, Jabłonna, Poland
| | - Dominika Szkopek
- Department of Animal Nutrition, The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition Polish Academy of Sciences, Instytucka 3, 05-110, Jabłonna, Poland
| | - Natalia Szyryńska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Jan Jankowski
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719, Olsztyn, Poland
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18
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Thiam M, Barreto Sánchez AL, Zhang J, Zheng M, Wen J, Zhao G, Wang Q. Association of Heterophil/Lymphocyte Ratio with Intestinal Barrier Function and Immune Response to Salmonella enteritidis Infection in Chicken. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11123498. [PMID: 34944274 PMCID: PMC8698187 DOI: 10.3390/ani11123498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Salmonella represents a serious threat to the poultry industry and human health. The heterophil/lymphocyte (H/L) ratio indicates the robustness and immune system status of the chicken. Thus, the H/L ratio has been used for the selection of chickens that are resistant to Salmonella. However, the mechanisms conferring the resistance ability to the chickens with a low H/L ratio compared to those with a high H/L ratio remain unclear. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the association of the H/L ratio with the intestinal barrier function and immune response to Salmonella enteritidis infection in chicken. First, we enumerated the number of goblet cells in the ileum and caecum, measured the ileal villi morphology, and the expression of immune genes in the ileum and caecum of non-infected and SE-infected chickens at 7- and 21-days post-infection. Then, we assessed the correlation with the H/L ratio. The H/L ratio was negatively correlated to the number of goblet cells, IL-1β, IL-8, and IFN-γ ileal expressions, indicating that the individuals with a low H/L ratio displayed enhanced intestinal barrier and immunity. These results suggest that the H/L ratio is associated with intestinal immunity and could be a potential resistance indicator in chickens. Abstract The heterophil/lymphocyte (H/L) ratio has been extensively studied to select poultry that are resistant to environmental stressors. Chickens with a low H/L ratio are superior to the chickens with a high H/L ratio in survival, immune response, and resistance to Salmonella infection. However, this disease resistance ability is likely to be associated with enhanced intestinal immunity. Therefore, to expand our understanding of these underlying resistance mechanisms, it is crucial to investigate the correlation between the H/L ratio as a blood immune indicator in live chickens and the intestinal barrier function and immunity. Jinxing yellow chickens H/L line one-day-old were divided into non-infected (NI) and Salmonella enteritidis infected (SI) at 7-days old. After dividing the birds into NI and SI, blood samples were taken for H/L ratios determination, and subsequently, birds from the SI group were infected with Salmonella enteritidis (SE). We assessed the effects of SE infection on the (i) goblet cells number from the ileum and caecum gut-segments, (ii) ileal mucosa morphology, and (iii) immune gene mRNA expressions from the ileum and caecum of NI and SI chickens at 7 and 21 days-post-infection (dpi). We found that the H/L ratio was negatively correlated with most intestinal immune indices, particularly with the goblet cells number and with IL-1β, IL-8, and IFN-γ ileal expressions. In conclusion, these results suggest that the H/L ratio is associated with the intestinal barrier and immune response for SE clearance and that the chickens with a low H/L ratio displayed enhanced intestinal immunity. This study expands the current knowledge that is related to using the H/L ratio to select and breed resistant broiler chickens.
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19
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Shanmugasundaram R, Acevedo K, Mortada M, Akerele G, Applegate TJ, Kogut MH, Selvaraj RK. Effects of Salmonella enterica ser. Enteritidis and Heidelberg on host CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cell suppressive immune responses in chickens. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0260280. [PMID: 34843525 PMCID: PMC8629318 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Poultry infected with Salmonella mount an immune response initially, however the immune responses eventually disappear leading the bird to be a carrier of Salmonella. The hypothesis of this study is that Salmonella infection induces T regulatory cell numbers and cytokine production and suppress host T cells locally in the gut to escape the host immune responses. An experiment was conducted to comparatively analyze the effect of S. enterica ser. Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis) and S. enterica ser. Heidelberg (S. Heidelberg) infection on CD4+CD25+ T regulatory cell properties in chickens. A total of 144 broiler chicks were randomly distributed into three experimental groups of non-infected control, S. Enteritidis infected and S. Heidelberg infected groups. Chickens were orally inoculated with PBS (control) or 5x106 CFU/mL of either S. Enteritidis or S. Heidelberg at 3 d of age. Each group was replicated in six pens with eight chickens per pen. Chickens infected with S. Enteritidis had 6.2, 5.4, and 3.8 log10 CFU/g, and chickens infected with S. Heidelberg had 7.1, 4.8, and 4.1 log10 CFU/g Salmonella in the cecal contents at 4, 11, and 32 dpi, respectively. Both S. Enteritidis and S. Heidelberg were recovered from the liver and spleen 4 dpi. At 4, 11, and 32 dpi, chickens infected with S. Enteritidis and S. Heidelberg had increased CD4+CD25+ cell numbers as well as IL-10 mRNA transcription of CD4+CD25+ cells compared to that in the control group. CD4+CD25+ cells from S. Enteritidis- and S. Heidelberg-infected chickens and restimulated with 1 μg antigen in vitro, had higher (P < 0.05) IL-10 mRNA transcription than the CD4+CD25+ cells from the non-infected controls Though at 4dpi, chickens infected with S. Enteritidis and S. Heidelberg had a significant (P < 0.05) increase in CD4+CD25- IL-2, IL-1β, and IFNγ mRNA transcription, the CD4+CD25- IL-2, IL-1β, and IFNγ mRNA transcription, were comparable to that in the control group at 11 and 32dpi identifying that the host inflammatory response against Salmonella disappears at 11 dpi. It can be concluded that S. Enteritidis and S. Heidelberg infection at 3 d of age induces a persistent infection through inducing CD4+CD25+ cells and altering the IL-10 mRNA transcription of CD4+CD25+ cell numbers and cytokine production in chickens between 3 to 32 dpi allowing chickens to become asymptomatic carriers of Salmonella after 18 dpi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Revathi Shanmugasundaram
- USDA-ARS, Toxicology and Mycotoxins Research Unit, Athens, GA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Keila Acevedo
- Department of Poultry Sciences, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States of America
| | - Mohamad Mortada
- Department of Poultry Sciences, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States of America
| | - Gabriel Akerele
- Department of Poultry Sciences, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States of America
| | - Todd J. Applegate
- Department of Poultry Sciences, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States of America
| | - Michael H. Kogut
- U.S. Department of Agriculture-ARS, Plains Area, College Station, TX, United States of America
| | - Ramesh K. Selvaraj
- Department of Poultry Sciences, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States of America
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20
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Duangnumsawang Y, Zentek J, Goodarzi Boroojeni F. Development and Functional Properties of Intestinal Mucus Layer in Poultry. Front Immunol 2021; 12:745849. [PMID: 34671361 PMCID: PMC8521165 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.745849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal mucus plays important roles in protecting the epithelial surfaces against pathogens, supporting the colonization with commensal bacteria, maintaining an appropriate environment for digestion, as well as facilitating nutrient transport from the lumen to the underlying epithelium. The mucus layer in the poultry gut is produced and preserved by mucin-secreting goblet cells that rapidly develop and mature after hatch as a response to external stimuli including environmental factors, intestinal microbiota as well as dietary factors. The ontogenetic development of goblet cells affects the mucin composition and secretion, causing an alteration in the physicochemical properties of the mucus layer. The intestinal mucus prevents the invasion of pathogens to the epithelium by its antibacterial properties (e.g. β-defensin, lysozyme, avidin and IgA) and creates a physical barrier with the ability to protect the epithelium from pathogens. Mucosal barrier is the first line of innate defense in the gastrointestinal tract. This barrier has a selective permeability that allows small particles and nutrients passing through. The structural components and functional properties of mucins have been reviewed extensively in humans and rodents, but it seems to be neglected in poultry. This review discusses the impact of age on development of goblet cells and their mucus production with relevance for the functional characteristics of mucus layer and its protective mechanism in the chicken’s intestine. Dietary factors directly and indirectly (through modification of the gut bacteria and their metabolic activities) affect goblet cell proliferation and differentiation and can be used to manipulate mucosal integrity and dynamic. However, the mode of action and mechanisms behind these effects need to be studied further. As mucins resist to digestion processes, the sloughed mucins can be utilized by bacteria in the lower part of the gut and are considered as endogenous loss of protein and energy to animal. Hydrothermal processing of poultry feed may reduce this loss by reduction in mucus shedding into the lumen. Given the significance of this loss and the lack of precise data, this matter needs to be carefully investigated in the future and the nutritional strategies reducing this loss have to be defined better.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yada Duangnumsawang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Faculty of Veterinary Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Jürgen Zentek
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Farshad Goodarzi Boroojeni
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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21
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Qin H, Li X, Wang J, Sun G, Mu X, Ji R. Ovarian transcriptome profile from pre-laying period to broody period of Xupu goose. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101403. [PMID: 34425555 PMCID: PMC8383009 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Xupu goose, a breed from Hunan province, produces high quality and quantity of meat and liver. However, its egg production rate is low, with poor reproductive traits but strong broody performance. These characteristics decrease the economic value of Xupu goose significantly. Here, RNA-seq was used to analyze the transcriptome changes of ovaries of Xupu goose at different stages to explore the molecular mechanism of reproduction from the pre-laying period to the broody period. A total of 258 genes were differentially expressed in the 3 stages. These genes are associated with inflammation, reproduction, mutual recognition and adhesion between cells, and cytoskeleton formation, and so on. In particular, we report, for the first time, the expression patterns of MRP126, serglycin, TXNIP, and FZD2 during the pre-laying, egg-laying, and broody periods of goose ovaries. Functional analysis by GO annotation revealed that GO terms were mainly involved in actin, cell signal transduction and regulation, and cellular components. Three pathways, including focal adhesion (gga04510), ECM-receptor interaction (gga04512), and N-Glycan biosynthesis (gga00510), were significantly enriched in the three groups. These findings provide a basis for further exploration of profiles of goose ovaries to improve egg production of Xupu goose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haorong Qin
- Jiangsu Agri-animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225300, China.
| | - Xiaoming Li
- Jiangsu Agri-animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225300, China; National Waterfowl Gene Bank, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225300, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Jiangsu Agri-animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225300, China; National Waterfowl Gene Bank, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225300, China
| | - Guobo Sun
- Jiangsu Agri-animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225300, China; National Waterfowl Gene Bank, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225300, China
| | - Xiaohui Mu
- Jiangsu Agri-animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225300, China; National Waterfowl Gene Bank, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225300, China
| | - Rongchao Ji
- National Waterfowl Gene Bank, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225300, China
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22
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Zheng A, Zhang A, Chen Z, Pirzado SA, Chang W, Cai H, Bryden WL, Liu G. Molecular mechanisms of growth depression in broiler chickens (Gallus Gallus domesticus) mediated by immune stress: a hepatic proteome study. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2021; 12:90. [PMID: 34253261 PMCID: PMC8276383 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-021-00591-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Immunological stress decreases feed intake, suppresses growth and induces economic losses. However, the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. Label-free liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry (LC-MS) proteomics techniques were employed to investigate effects of immune stress on the hepatic proteome changes of Arbor Acres broilers (Gallus Gallus domesticus) challenged with Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Results Proteomic analysis indicated that 111 proteins were differentially expressed in the liver of broiler chickens from the immune stress group. Of these, 28 proteins were down-regulated, and 83 proteins were up-regulated in the immune stress group. Enrichment analysis showed that immune stress upregulated the expression of hepatic proteins involved in defense function, amino acid catabolism, ion transport, wound healing, and hormone secretion. Furthermore, immune stress increased valine, leucine and isoleucine degradation pathways. Conclusion The data suggests that growth depression of broiler chickens induced by immune stress is triggered by hepatic proteome alterations, and provides a new insight into the mechanism by which immune challenge impairs poultry production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aijuan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No.12 Zhongguancun south street, Haidian district, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Anrong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No.12 Zhongguancun south street, Haidian district, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zhimin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No.12 Zhongguancun south street, Haidian district, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Shoaib Ahmed Pirzado
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No.12 Zhongguancun south street, Haidian district, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Wenhuan Chang
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No.12 Zhongguancun south street, Haidian district, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Huiyi Cai
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No.12 Zhongguancun south street, Haidian district, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Wayne L Bryden
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD, 4343, Australia
| | - Guohua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No.12 Zhongguancun south street, Haidian district, Beijing, 100081, China.
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23
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van den Biggelaar RHGA, van der Maas L, Meiring HD, Pennings JLA, van Eden W, Rutten VPMG, Jansen CA. Proteomic analysis of chicken bone marrow-derived dendritic cells in response to an inactivated IBV + NDV poultry vaccine. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12666. [PMID: 34135356 PMCID: PMC8209092 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89810-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Inactivated poultry vaccines are subject to routine potency testing for batch release, requiring large numbers of animals. The replacement of in vivo tests for cell-based alternatives can be facilitated by the identification of biomarkers for vaccine-induced immune responses. In this study, chicken bone marrow-derived dendritic cells were stimulated with an inactivated vaccine for infectious bronchitis virus and Newcastle disease virus, as well as inactivated infectious bronchitis virus only, and lipopolysaccharides as positive control, or left unstimulated for comparison with the stimulated samples. Next, the cells were lysed and subjected to proteomic analysis. Stimulation with the vaccine resulted in 66 differentially expressed proteins associated with mRNA translation, immune responses, lipid metabolism and the proteasome. For the eight most significantly upregulated proteins, mRNA expression levels were assessed. Markers that showed increased expression at both mRNA and protein levels included PLIN2 and PSMB1. Stimulation with infectious bronchitis virus only resulted in 25 differentially expressed proteins, which were mostly proteins containing Src homology 2 domains. Stimulation with lipopolysaccharides resulted in 118 differentially expressed proteins associated with dendritic cell maturation and antimicrobial activity. This study provides leads to a better understanding of the activation of dendritic cells by an inactivated poultry vaccine, and identified PLIN2 and PSMB1 as potential biomarkers for cell-based potency testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin H G A van den Biggelaar
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Hugo D Meiring
- Intravacc (Institute for Translational Vaccinology), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen L A Pennings
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Willem van Eden
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Victor P M G Rutten
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Christine A Jansen
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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24
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Dal Pont GC, Belote BL, Lee A, Bortoluzzi C, Eyng C, Sevastiyanova M, Khadem A, Santin E, Farnell YZ, Gougoulias C, Kogut MH. Novel Models for Chronic Intestinal Inflammation in Chickens: Intestinal Inflammation Pattern and Biomarkers. Front Immunol 2021; 12:676628. [PMID: 34054868 PMCID: PMC8158159 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.676628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
For poultry producers, chronic low-grade intestinal inflammation has a negative impact on productivity by impairing nutrient absorption and allocation of nutrients for growth. Understanding the triggers of chronic intestinal inflammation and developing a non-invasive measurement is crucial to managing gut health in poultry. In this study, we developed two novel models of low-grade chronic intestinal inflammation in broiler chickens: a chemical model using dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) and a dietary model using a high non-starch polysaccharide diet (NSP). Further, we evaluated the potential of several proteins as biomarkers of gut inflammation. For these experiments, the chemical induction of inflammation consisted of two 5-day cycles of oral gavage of either 0.25mg DSS/ml or 0.35mg DSS/ml; whereas the NSP diet (30% rice bran) was fed throughout the experiment. At four times (14, 22, 28 and 36-d post-hatch), necropsies were performed to collect intestinal samples for histology, and feces and serum for biomarkers quantification. Neither DSS nor NSP treatments affected feed intake or livability. NSP-fed birds exhibited intestinal inflammation through 14-d, which stabilized by 36-d. On the other hand, the cyclic DSS-treatment produced inflammation throughout the entire experimental period. Histological examination of the intestine revealed that the inflammation induced by both models exhibited similar spatial and temporal patterns with the duodenum and jejunum affected early (at 14-d) whereas the ileum was compromised by 28-d. Calprotectin (CALP) was the only serum protein found to be increased due to inflammation. However, fecal CALP and Lipocalin-2 (LCN-2) concentrations were significantly greater in the induced inflammation groups at 28-d. This experiment demonstrated for the first time, two in vivo models of chronic gut inflammation in chickens, a DSS and a nutritional NSP protocols. Based on these models we observed that intestinal inflammation begins in the upper segments of small intestine and moved to the lower region over time. In the searching for a fecal biomarker for intestinal inflammation, LCN-2 showed promising results. More importantly, calprotectin has a great potential as a novel biomarker for poultry measured both in serum and feces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela C Dal Pont
- Department of Poultry Science, Texas A&M Agrilife Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States.,Department of Veterinary Science, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil.,Department of Animal Science, Western Parana State University, Marechal C. Rondon, Brazil.,Innovad NV/SA, Essen, Belgium.,Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), College Station, TX, United States
| | - Bruna L Belote
- Department of Veterinary Science, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Annah Lee
- Department of Poultry Science, Texas A&M Agrilife Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Cristiano Bortoluzzi
- Department of Poultry Science, Texas A&M Agrilife Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Cinthia Eyng
- Department of Animal Science, Western Parana State University, Marechal C. Rondon, Brazil
| | | | | | - Elizabeth Santin
- Department of Veterinary Science, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Yuhua Z Farnell
- Department of Poultry Science, Texas A&M Agrilife Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | | | - Michael H Kogut
- Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), College Station, TX, United States
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25
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Abdollahi A, Akhlaghi A, Zamiri MJ, Kargar S, Ansari Pirsaraei Z. Reproductive performance, expression of TRAP6 and TGF-β4 genes in utero-vaginal junction mucosa, and indicators of liver function in female Chukar partridge (Alectoris chukar) breeders fed with fish oil and calcitriol during the egg-laying period. Theriogenology 2021; 168:50-58. [PMID: 33848970 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2021.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Reproductive attributes, expression of TRAP6 and TGF-β mRNA in the mucosa of the utero-vaginal junction (UVJ) of oviduct, and liver function were evaluated in Chukar partridge (Alectoris chukar) breeders subjected to long-term oral administration of fish oil (FO) and/or calcitriol (CT). A total of forty-eight 1.5-year-old laying Chukar partridges and 16 age-matched males (female:male ratio of 3:1) were randomly allocated to four groups (4 replicates of 3 female birds and one male bird each). Breeder females in groups 1, 2, and 3 were orally administered daily with 0.2 mL (0.24 g)/500 g body weight FO, 0.2 mL solution containing 10 μg CT, or their combination (FO + CT) for 42 successive days, respectively. Pure crystalline calcitriol was dissolved in ethanol (30%) prior to administration. The control group (CON), received a similar volume of a 30% solution of ethanol only. Eggs were collected and incubated to evaluate the reproductive performance. Blood samples were taken on days 0, 21, and 42 of the trial for the quantification of serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). On day 43, one bird per replicate was killed by cervical dislocation to assess the expression of TRAP6 and TGF-β genes in the UVJ mucosa. Administration of CT or FO + CT increased the egg production rate, fertility rate, and hatchability rate of the set eggs. Fertility duration and sperm penetration rate were higher in partridges receiving FO and (or) CT, but chick quality, and embryonic mortality were not affected by the treatment effect. Administration of CT or FO + CT decreased the serum ALT and AST levels. Administration of FO or CT was associated with a lower expression of TGF-β mRNA in the UVJ mucosa. Oral administration of FO resulted in a reduction in the expression of TRAP6 in the UVJ mucosa. However, the birds fed with CT or FO + CT recorded a higher mRNA expression for TRAP6. Although the reproductive performance and TRAP6 expression were higher following the feeding of FO or FO + CT, expression of TGF-β was decreased, suggesting plausibly that TGF-β may not have a determinant effect on the reproductive attributes in female Chukar partridges. Further studies are required to understand the mechanisms underlying the effects of TRAP6 and TGF-β on other reproductive criteria in partridges.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Abdollahi
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, 71441-65186, Iran
| | - A Akhlaghi
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, 71441-65186, Iran.
| | - M J Zamiri
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, 71441-65186, Iran
| | - S Kargar
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, 71441-65186, Iran
| | - Z Ansari Pirsaraei
- Department of Animal Science, Sari Agricultural Science and Natural Resources University, Sari, 48177- 36781, Iran
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A Role for the Microbiota in the Immune Phenotype Alteration Associated with the Induction of Disease Tolerance and Persistent Asymptomatic Infection of Salmonella in the Chicken. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8121879. [PMID: 33260977 PMCID: PMC7760021 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8121879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown a tissue immune phenotype-altering event occurring on days 2 and 4 in the ceca post-Salmonella challenge. To evaluate the involvement of the cecal microbiota in the phenotype reprogramming, we hypothesized that the addition of subtherapeutic bacitracin (BMD) will affect the cecal microbiota. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine if the antibiotic-mediated changes in the microbiota composition influenced the immune phenotype induced by Salmonella enteritidis infection of the chicken cecum. A total of 112 fertile eggs were obtained for each experiment, repeated for a total of three separate times. The ceca and cecal contents were collected on days 2 and 4 post-infection for mRNA expression TaqMan assay and 16S rRNA gene microbiota sequencing. The results demonstrate the effects of bacitracin on cecal composition and its interaction with Salmonella enteritidis in young chicks. There is a preliminary indication of phenotype change in the Salmonella-challenged group provided subtherapeutic BMD due to the shifting cecal microbiota and cecal immune response, indicating the addition of bacitracin during infection altered the cecal phenotype. These data demonstrate the potential involvement of the microbiota in reprogramming immune phenotype (disease resistance to disease tolerance) induced by Salmonella in the chicken cecum.
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Khan S, Chousalkar KK. Transcriptome profiling analysis of caeca in chicks challenged with Salmonella Typhimurium reveals differential expression of genes involved in host mucosal immune response. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:9327-9342. [PMID: 32960293 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10887-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Temporal regulation of global gene expression in the caeca of chickens infected with Salmonella Typhimurium has not been investigated previously. In this study, we performed the transcriptome analysis of the caeca of Salmonella Typhimurium challenged chicks to understand the regulation of the mucosal immune system in a temporal manner. The Salmonella infection resulted in the activation of the caecal immune system by the upregulation of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs; false discovery rate (FDR) < 0.05; log2 fold change > 1) involved in biological pathways such as Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, Salmonella infection, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, phagosome, apoptosis and intestinal immune network for IgA production. The activation of biological pathways such as RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathway, ErbB signaling pathway and cellular senescence showed a time-dependent response of the host immune system. A 49% increase in the DEGs on day 7 compared with day 3 post-infection (p.i.) suggested a time-dependent role of multiple genes such as AvBD1, AvBD2, AvBD7, IL2, IL10, IL21, SIVA1, CD5, CD14 and GPR142 in the regulation of the immune system. Nested network analysis of the individual biological pathways showed that IL6 played a significant role in the immune system regulation by activating the pathways, including Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, Salmonella infection, intestinal immune network for IgA production and C-type lectin receptor signaling pathway. The downregulated DEGs (FDR < 0.05; log2 fold change < -1) showed that Salmonella challenge affected the functions of pathways, such as tryptophan metabolism, retinol metabolism, folate biosynthesis and pentose and glucoronate interconversions, suggesting the disruption of cellular mechanisms involved in nutrient synthesis, absorption and metabolism. Overall, the immune response was temporally regulated through the activation of Toll-like signaling receptor pathway, cytokine-cytokine interactions and Salmonella infection, where IL6 played a significant role in the modulation of caecal immune system against Salmonella Typhimurium. KEY POINTS: • The immune response to Salmonella Typhimurium challenge was temporally regulated in the caeca of chickens. • Many newly identified genes have been shown to be involved in the activation of the immune system. • Toll-like receptors and interleukins played a key role in immune system regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samiullah Khan
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, South Australia, 5371, Australia
| | - Kapil K Chousalkar
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, South Australia, 5371, Australia.
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28
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Wellawa DH, Allan B, White AP, Köster W. Iron-Uptake Systems of Chicken-Associated Salmonella Serovars and Their Role in Colonizing the Avian Host. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E1203. [PMID: 32784620 PMCID: PMC7465098 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8081203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron is an essential micronutrient for most bacteria. Salmonella enterica strains, representing human and animal pathogens, have adopted several mechanisms to sequester iron from the environment depending on availability and source. Chickens act as a major reservoir for Salmonella enterica strains which can lead to outbreaks of human salmonellosis. In this review article we summarize the current understanding of the contribution of iron-uptake systems to the virulence of non-typhoidal S. enterica strains in colonizing chickens. We aim to address the gap in knowledge in this field, to help understand and define the interactions between S. enterica and these important hosts, in comparison to mammalian models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh H. Wellawa
- Vaccine & Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre, University of Saskatchewan, 120 Veterinary Rd., Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3, Canada; (D.H.W.); (B.A.); (A.P.W.)
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - Brenda Allan
- Vaccine & Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre, University of Saskatchewan, 120 Veterinary Rd., Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3, Canada; (D.H.W.); (B.A.); (A.P.W.)
| | - Aaron P. White
- Vaccine & Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre, University of Saskatchewan, 120 Veterinary Rd., Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3, Canada; (D.H.W.); (B.A.); (A.P.W.)
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - Wolfgang Köster
- Vaccine & Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre, University of Saskatchewan, 120 Veterinary Rd., Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3, Canada; (D.H.W.); (B.A.); (A.P.W.)
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada
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29
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Terada T, Nii T, Isobe N, Yoshimura Y. Effect of antibiotic treatment on microbial composition and expression of antimicrobial peptides and cytokines in the chick cecum. Poult Sci 2020; 99:3385-3392. [PMID: 32616232 PMCID: PMC7597731 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to confirm whether the expression of innate immune molecules in the chick cecum is altered in association with changes in the composition of the intestinal microbiome that are regulated by treatment with antibiotics. Broiler chicks were administered with antibiotics (penicillin and streptomycin) daily, and the composition of the microbiota, expression of innate immune molecules, and localization of antimicrobial peptides in the chick cecum were examined at day 7 and day 14 using real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry. The oral administration of antibiotics caused an increase in the relative frequency of the Enterobacteriaceae family and a decrease in some gram-negative (Barnesiellaceae) and gram-positive bacterial (Clostridiaceae and Erysipelotrichaceae) families. The gene expression levels of immune molecules, including 4 Toll-like receptors (TLR) (TLR 2, 4, 5, and 21), inflammation-related cytokines (IL-1β, TGFβ3, TGFβ4, and IL-8), and antimicrobial peptides (avian β-defensins and cathelicidins) showed a tendency to decrease with antibiotic treatment at day 7. However, expression levels of TLR21 and some cytokines (IL-1β, TGFβ3, and IL-8) were higher in the cecum or cecal tonsils of the antibiotic-treated group than in those of the control at day 14. The immunoreactive avian β-defensin 2 and cathelicidin 1 proteins were localized in the leukocyte-like cells in the lamina propria, and they were aggregated in the form of small islands. We conclude that the expression of innate immune molecules, including TLR, inflammation-related cytokines, and antimicrobial peptides, in the cecum are altered in association with changes in the density or composition of the luminal microbiota during the early phase of life in chicks.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Terada
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan
| | - T Nii
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan; Research Center for Animal Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan
| | - N Isobe
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan; Research Center for Animal Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan
| | - Y Yoshimura
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan; Research Center for Animal Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan.
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30
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Wu R, Chen F, Wang N, Tang D, Kang R. ACOD1 in immunometabolism and disease. Cell Mol Immunol 2020; 17:822-833. [PMID: 32601305 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-020-0489-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunometabolism plays a fundamental role in health and diseases and involves multiple genes and signals. Aconitate decarboxylase 1 (ACOD1; also known as IRG1) is emerging as a regulator of immunometabolism in inflammation and infection. Upregulation of ACOD1 expression occurs in activated immune cells (e.g., macrophages and monocytes) in response to pathogen infection (e.g., bacteria and viruses), pathogen-associated molecular pattern molecules (e.g., LPS), cytokines (e.g., TNF and IFNs), and damage-associated molecular patterns (e.g., monosodium urate). Mechanistically, several immune receptors (e.g., TLRs and IFNAR), adapter proteins (e.g., MYD88), ubiquitin ligases (e.g., A20), and transcription factors (e.g., NF-κB, IRFs, and STATs) form complex signal transduction networks to control ACOD1 expression in a context-dependent manner. Functionally, ACOD1 mediates itaconate production, oxidative stress, and antigen processing and plays dual roles in immunity and diseases. On the one hand, activation of the ACOD1 pathway may limit pathogen infection and promote embryo implantation. On the other hand, abnormal ACOD1 expression can lead to tumor progression, neurodegenerative disease, and immune paralysis. Further understanding of the function and regulation of ACOD1 is important for the application of ACOD1-based therapeutic strategies in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runliu Wu
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Nian Wang
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Daolin Tang
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
| | - Rui Kang
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
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31
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Lorenzoni AG, Rojas-Núñez I, Moore AF. Effect of Aspirin on the Intestinal Response to a Necrotic Enteritis Challenge. Avian Dis 2020; 63:686-692. [PMID: 31865684 DOI: 10.1637/aviandiseases-d-19-00093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The effect of aspirin on intestinal lesions was evaluated in birds undergoing an experimental challenge with Clostridium perfringens as part of a model for inducing subclinical necrotic enteritis (SNE). Broilers were raised on clean wood shavings and randomly assigned to three treatments: Uninfected (U), Infected (I), and Infected + Aspirin (I+A; 0.025% acetylsalicylic acid in drinking water during days 21-25). Birds in the I and I+A groups were gavaged with Eimeria maxima on day 18 and their feed was inoculated with C. perfringens (1 × 109 CFU/bird) during days 23-25. On day 26, birds were euthanatized, intestinal lesions were evaluated, and intestinal tissue was collected for qPCR assessment of genes thought to be involved in the immune response to SNE: IL-1β, IL-10, MMP-2, and MMP-7. Birds in the I+A group had more-severe and numerous lesions compared to the I group. For all genes except MMP-2, expression was upregulated in the I group compared to the U group, but did not differ between the I and I+A groups. These results indicate that aspirin exacerbated the intestinal lesions associated with this disease. Aspirin could play a role in the development of a reliable and consistent model for the induction of necrotic enteritis under experimental settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- A G Lorenzoni
- The Pennsylvania State University, Department of Animal Science, University Park, PA 16802,
| | - I Rojas-Núñez
- The Pennsylvania State University, Department of Animal Science, University Park, PA 16802
| | - A F Moore
- The Pennsylvania State University, Department of Animal Science, University Park, PA 16802
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32
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Zhang H, Pan S, Zhang K, Michiels J, Zeng Q, Ding X, Wang J, Peng H, Bai J, Xuan Y, Su Z, Bai S. Impact of Dietary Manganese on Intestinal Barrier and Inflammatory Response in Broilers Challenged with Salmonella Typhimurium. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8050757. [PMID: 32443502 PMCID: PMC7285304 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8050757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing concern for public health and food safety has prompted a special interest in developing nutritional strategies for removing waterborne and foodborne pathogens, including Salmonella. Strong links between manganese (Mn) and intestinal barrier or immune function hint that dietary Mn supplementation is likely to be a promising approach to limit the loads of pathogens in broilers. Here, we provide evidence that Salmonella Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium, 4 × 108 CFUs) challenge-induced intestinal injury along with systemic Mn redistribution in broilers. Further examining of the effect of dietary Mn treatments (a basal diet plus additional 0, 40, or 100 mg Mn/kg for corresponding to Mn-deficient, control, or Mn-surfeit diet, respectively) on intestinal barrier and inflammation status of broilers infected with S. Typhimurium revealed that birds fed the control and Mn-surfeit diets exhibited improved intestinal tight junctions and microbiota composition. Even without Salmonella infection, dietary Mn deficiency alone increased intestinal permeability by impairing intestinal tight junctions. In addition, when fed the control and Mn-surfeit diets, birds showed decreased Salmonella burdens in cecal content and spleen, with a concomitant increase in inflammatory cytokine levels in spleen. Furthermore, the dietary Mn-supplementation-mediated induction of cytokine production was probably associated with the nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB)/hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) pathway, as judged by the enhanced manganese superoxide dismutase activity and the increased H2O2 level in mitochondria, together with the increased mRNA level of NF-κB in spleen. Ingenuity-pathway analysis indicated that acute-phase response pathways, T helper type 1 pathway, and dendritic cell maturation were significantly activated by the dietary Mn supplementation. Our data suggest that dietary Mn supplementation could enhance intestinal barrier and splenic inflammatory response to fight against Salmonella infection in broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaiyong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (H.Z.); (S.P.); (K.Z.); (Q.Z.); (X.D.); (J.W.); (H.P.); (J.B.); (Y.X.); (Z.S.)
| | - Shuqin Pan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (H.Z.); (S.P.); (K.Z.); (Q.Z.); (X.D.); (J.W.); (H.P.); (J.B.); (Y.X.); (Z.S.)
| | - Keying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (H.Z.); (S.P.); (K.Z.); (Q.Z.); (X.D.); (J.W.); (H.P.); (J.B.); (Y.X.); (Z.S.)
| | - Joris Michiels
- Laboratory for Animal Nutrition and Animal Product Quality, Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
| | - Qiufeng Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (H.Z.); (S.P.); (K.Z.); (Q.Z.); (X.D.); (J.W.); (H.P.); (J.B.); (Y.X.); (Z.S.)
| | - Xuemei Ding
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (H.Z.); (S.P.); (K.Z.); (Q.Z.); (X.D.); (J.W.); (H.P.); (J.B.); (Y.X.); (Z.S.)
| | - Jianping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (H.Z.); (S.P.); (K.Z.); (Q.Z.); (X.D.); (J.W.); (H.P.); (J.B.); (Y.X.); (Z.S.)
| | - Huanwei Peng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (H.Z.); (S.P.); (K.Z.); (Q.Z.); (X.D.); (J.W.); (H.P.); (J.B.); (Y.X.); (Z.S.)
| | - Jie Bai
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (H.Z.); (S.P.); (K.Z.); (Q.Z.); (X.D.); (J.W.); (H.P.); (J.B.); (Y.X.); (Z.S.)
| | - Yue Xuan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (H.Z.); (S.P.); (K.Z.); (Q.Z.); (X.D.); (J.W.); (H.P.); (J.B.); (Y.X.); (Z.S.)
| | - Zhuowei Su
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (H.Z.); (S.P.); (K.Z.); (Q.Z.); (X.D.); (J.W.); (H.P.); (J.B.); (Y.X.); (Z.S.)
| | - Shiping Bai
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (H.Z.); (S.P.); (K.Z.); (Q.Z.); (X.D.); (J.W.); (H.P.); (J.B.); (Y.X.); (Z.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-028-86290922
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Elsheimer-Matulova M, Polansky O, Seidlerova Z, Varmuzova K, Stepanova H, Fedr R, Rychlik I. Interleukin 4 inducible 1 gene (IL4I1) is induced in chicken phagocytes by Salmonella Enteritidis infection. Vet Res 2020; 51:67. [PMID: 32404145 PMCID: PMC7222322 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-020-00792-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In attempt to identify genes that are induced in chickens by Salmonella Enteritidis we identified a new highly inducible gene, interleukin 4 induced 1 gene (IL4I1). IL4I1 reached its peak expression (458× induction) in the cecum of newly hatched chickens 4 days post-infection and remained upregulated for an additional 10 days. IL4I1 was expressed and induced in macrophages and granulocytes, both at the mRNA and protein level. IL4I1 was expressed and induced also in CD4 and γδ T-lymphocytes though at a 50-fold lower level than in phagocytes. Expression of IL4I1 was not detected in CD8 T lymphocytes or B lymphocytes. Mutation of IL4I1 in chicken HD11 macrophages did not affect their bactericidal capacity against S. Enteritidis but negatively affected their oxidative burst after PMA stimulation. We therefore propose that IL4I1 is not directly involved in bactericidal activity of phagocytes and, instead, it is likely involved in the control of inflammatory response and signaling to T and B lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ondrej Polansky
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 621 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Seidlerova
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 621 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - Hana Stepanova
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 621 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Fedr
- Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Kralovopolska 135, 612 65, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ivan Rychlik
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 621 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
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Bozzi AT, Nolan EM. Avian MRP126 Restricts Microbial Growth through Ca(II)-Dependent Zn(II) Sequestration. Biochemistry 2020; 59:802-817. [PMID: 31886651 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.9b01012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The calgranulins form a class of S100 proteins in higher vertebrates that innate-immune cells release in abundance at infection sites. These proteins function by binding transition metal ions to prevent microbial pathogens from obtaining those essential nutrients. Mammals express three distinct members of this family: S100A8 (calgranulin A), S100A9 (calgranulin B, which heterooligomerizes with S100A8 to form calprotectin), and S100A12 (calgranulin C), that exhibit Ca(II)-dependent transition metal binding properties. Human calprotectin effectively sequesters Mn(II), Fe(II), Ni(II), and Zn(II), whereas human S100A12 selectively sequesters Zn(II) over these other metal ions. Birds and reptiles express a single calgranulin homologue named MRP126, which we reasoned could have properties more similar to those of either calprotectin or S100A12. Here we present the purification and biophysical characterization of recombinant chicken MRP126 and, to the best of our knowledge, provide the first assessment of the metal binding and antimicrobial properties of an avian MRP126. We show that MRP126 is a homodimer that selectively sequesters Zn(II) and restricts the growth of certain microbes. MRP126 binds Zn(II) at two canonical His3Asp sites. The presence of excess Ca(II) increases the affinity of the His3Asp sites from the low-nanomolar to the low-picomolar range, thereby enhancing antimicrobial activity. Chicken MRP126 also binds additional Zn(II) equivalents with low-nanomolar affinity at two nonconserved dicysteine sites and with high-nanomolar affinity using a histidine-rich C-terminal tail that is a hallmark of this clade of calgranulins. Our results with chicken MRP126 suggest that Ca(II)-dependent Zn(II) sequestration was a role of the last common ancestor of calgranulin proteins, with mammalian calprotectin subsequently evolving a broader metal binding repertoire.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron T Bozzi
- Department of Chemistry , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Elizabeth M Nolan
- Department of Chemistry , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
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35
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Freem L, Summers KM, Gheyas AA, Psifidi A, Boulton K, MacCallum A, Harne R, O’Dell J, Bush SJ, Hume DA. Analysis of the Progeny of Sibling Matings Reveals Regulatory Variation Impacting the Transcriptome of Immune Cells in Commercial Chickens. Front Genet 2019; 10:1032. [PMID: 31803225 PMCID: PMC6870463 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.01032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
There is increasing recognition that the underlying genetic variation contributing to complex traits influences transcriptional regulation and can be detected at a population level as expression quantitative trait loci. At the level of an individual, allelic variation in transcriptional regulation of individual genes can be detected by measuring allele-specific expression in RNAseq data. We reasoned that extreme variants in gene expression could be identified by analysis of inbred progeny with shared grandparents. Commercial chickens have been intensively selected for production traits. Selection is associated with large blocks of linkage disequilibrium with considerable potential for co-selection of closely linked "hitch-hiker alleles" affecting traits unrelated to the feature being selected, such as immune function, with potential impact on the productivity and welfare of the animals. To test this hypothesis that there is extreme allelic variation in immune-associated genes we sequenced a founder population of commercial broiler and layer birds. These birds clearly segregated genetically based upon breed type. Each genome contained numerous candidate null mutations, protein-coding variants predicted to be deleterious and extensive non-coding polymorphism. We mated selected broiler-layer pairs then generated cohorts of F2 birds by sibling mating of the F1 generation. Despite the predicted prevalence of deleterious coding variation in the genomic sequence of the founders, clear detrimental impacts of inbreeding on survival and post-hatch development were detected in only one F2 sibship of 15. There was no effect on circulating leukocyte populations in hatchlings. In selected F2 sibships we performed RNAseq analysis of the spleen and isolated bone marrow-derived macrophages (with and without lipopolysaccharide stimulation). The results confirm the predicted emergence of very large differences in expression of individual genes and sets of genes. Network analysis of the results identified clusters of co-expressed genes that vary between individuals and suggested the existence of trans-acting variation in the expression in macrophages of the interferon response factor family that distinguishes the parental broiler and layer birds and influences the global response to lipopolysaccharide. This study shows that the impact of inbreeding on immune cell gene expression can be substantial at the transcriptional level, and potentially opens a route to accelerate selection using specific alleles known to be associated with desirable expression levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Freem
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Kim M. Summers
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Almas A. Gheyas
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Androniki Psifidi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Services, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kay Boulton
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Amanda MacCallum
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Rakhi Harne
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Jenny O’Dell
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen J. Bush
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - David A. Hume
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
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Malatji DP, van Marle-Koster E, Muchadeyi FC. Gene expression profiles of the small intestine of village chickens from an Ascaridia galli infested environment. Vet Parasitol 2019; 276S:100012. [PMID: 32904759 PMCID: PMC7458390 DOI: 10.1016/j.vpoa.2019.100012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The transcriptome of chickens from parasite infested environment was sequenced. Different genes were reported between A. galli infected and non-infected chickens. Upregulated immune and inflammatory response genes are associated with fighting parasites. T cell receptor signalling and arachidonic acid metabolism pathways were impacted. Different segments of the intestines differed in gene expression and associated pathways.
Nematodes of the genus Ascaridia are known to infect many species of birds and result in fatal diseases. A. galli damages the intestinal mucosa of chickens leading to blood loss, secondary infection and occasionally the obstruction of small intestines due to high worm burden. This study investigated the gene expression profiles in chickens from two different provinces of South Africa naturally exposed to A. galli infestations and tested either positive or negative for the parasite. The study further investigated gene expression profiles of the A. galli infected duodenum, jejunum and ileum tissues of the small intestines. The A. galli positive intestines displayed hypertrophy of the intestinal villi with accumulation of inflammatory cells and necrosis of the crypts of Lieberkühn glands, lesions that were absent in the uninfected intestines. Total RNA isolated from small intestines of infected and non-infected intestines was sequenced using Illumina HiSeq technology to generate up to 23,856,130 reads. Between any two-way comparisons of the intestines, 277 and 190 transcripts were significantly expressed in Limpopo and KwaZulu-Natal (KZN) chickens, respectively. Gene ontology analysis of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) revealed an enrichment of genes reported to function in the immune response, defense response, inflammatory response and cell signalling genes. T cell receptor signalling pathways and arachidonic acid metabolism pathways were among the most significantly impacted pathways. Overall, the study provided insights into adaptative mechanisms for chickens extensively raised in parasite infected environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- D P Malatji
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, School of Agriculture and Consumer Science, University of South Africa, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - E van Marle-Koster
- Department of Wildlife and Animal Science, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - F C Muchadeyi
- Biotechnology Platform, Agricultural Research Council, Onderstepoort, South Africa
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Zitnan R, Albrecht E, Kalbe C, Miersch C, Revajova V, Levkut M, Röntgen M. Muscle characteristics in chicks challenged with Salmonella Enteritidis and the effect of preventive application of the probiotic Enterococcus faecium. Poult Sci 2019; 98:2014-2025. [PMID: 30590796 PMCID: PMC6448134 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was conducted to assess the effects of the probiotic Enterococcus faecium AL41 (EF) and of the enteric pathogen Salmonella Enteritidis PT4 (SE) on the development of posthatch pectoralis major muscle (PM) of broiler chicks. The four experimental groups were control (CON), EF, SE, and EF+SE (EFSE). EF and SE were given per os from days 1 to 7 and at day 4 posthatch, respectively. Muscle samples from 6 chicks per group were taken at day 8 (D8) and day 11 (D11) to evaluate PM myofiber growth, capillarization, DNA, RNA, and protein content, as well as enzyme activities (isocitrate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase). PM growth rate was 7.45 ± 2.7 g/d in non-SE groups (CON, EF) and 5.10 ± 1.82 g/d in SE-infected groups (P < 0.02). Compared with group CON, application of bacteria (groups EF and SE) reduced the fiber cross-sectional area (246 and 262 vs. 347 ± 19 μm2) and the number of myonuclei per fiber (0.66 and 0.64 vs. 0.79 ± 0.03). At D11, hypertrophic myofiber growth normalized in the EF group, but negative effects persisted in SE and EFSE birds contributing to lower daily PM gain. In addition, SE infection strongly disturbed PM capillarization. Negative effects on capillary cross-sectional area and on the area (%) covered by capillaries persisted until D11 in the SE group, whereas pre-feeding of EF restored capillarization in the EFSE group to control levels. We conclude that supplementation of the probiotic bacteria EF AL41 had positive effects on PM capillarization and, thus, on delivery of O2, supply of nutrients, and removal of metabolites. Supplementation of probiotic bacteria might therefore reduce energetic stress and improve muscle health and meat quality during SE infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Zitnan
- National Agriculture and Food Centre, Research Institute of Animal Production, Nitra, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - E Albrecht
- Institute of Muscle Biology and Growth, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - C Kalbe
- Institute of Muscle Biology and Growth, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - C Miersch
- Institute of Muscle Biology and Growth, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - V Revajova
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - M Levkut
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - M Röntgen
- Institute of Muscle Biology and Growth, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
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Simon Á, Gulyás G, Mészár Z, Bhide M, Oláh J, Bai P, Csősz É, Jávor A, Komlósi I, Remenyik J, Czeglédi L. Proteomics alterations in chicken jejunum caused by 24 h fasting. PeerJ 2019; 7:e6588. [PMID: 30941268 PMCID: PMC6440466 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The small intestine is the longest part of the chicken (Gallus gallus) gastrointestinal system that is specialized for nutrient absorption. It is known that decrease in intestinal villi area or height in early age can cause a reduction in essential nutrient intake, which may lead to delayed growth and consequently poorer performance of broiler chickens. The small intestinal absorptive surface is known to be affected by various factors, among others things the nutritional state. In our experiment, we aimed to investigate the possible protein expression alterations that lie behind the villus area and height decrease caused by feed deprivation. A total of 24 chickens were divided into three groups, namely ad libitum fed, fasted for 24 h, fasted for 24 h then refed for 2 h. The morphometric parameters were also measured in the duodenum, jejunum and ileum tissue sections using image analysis. Differential proteome analyses from jejunum samples were performed using two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis followed by tryptic digestion and protein identification by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry. Overall 541 protein spots were detected after 2D. Among them, eleven showed 1.5-fold or higher significant difference in expression and were successfully identified. In response to 24 h fasting, the expression of nine proteins was higher and that of two proteins was lower compared to the ad libitum fed group. The functions of the differentially expressed proteins indicate that the 24 h fasting mainly affects the expression of structural proteins, and proteins involved in lipid transport, general stress response, and intestinal defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ádám Simon
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Gabriella Gulyás
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Mészár
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Mangesh Bhide
- Laboratory of Biomedical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Košice, Slovakia.,Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Neuroimmunology, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - János Oláh
- Farm and Regional Research Institute of Debrecen, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Péter Bai
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.,MTA-DE Lendület Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.,Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Éva Csősz
- Proteomics Core Facility, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - András Jávor
- Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - István Komlósi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Judit Remenyik
- Institute of Food Technology, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Levente Czeglédi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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Slawinska A, Dunislawska A, Plowiec A, Radomska M, Lachmanska J, Siwek M, Tavaniello S, Maiorano G. Modulation of microbial communities and mucosal gene expression in chicken intestines after galactooligosaccharides delivery In Ovo. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0212318. [PMID: 30811518 PMCID: PMC6392319 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal mucosa is the interface between the microbial content of the gut and the host's milieu. The goal of this study was to modulate chicken intestinal microflora by in ovo stimulation with galactooligosaccharides (GOS) prebiotic and to demonstrate the molecular responses of the host. The animal trial was performed on meat-type chickens (Ross 308). GOS was delivered by in ovo injection performed into the air cell on day 12 of egg incubation. Analysis of microbial communities and mucosal gene expression was performed at slaughter (day 42 post-hatching). Chyme (for DNA isolation) and intestinal mucosa (for RNA isolation) from four distinct intestinal segments (duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and caecum) was sampled. The relative abundance of Bifidobacterium spp. and Lactobacillus spp. in DNA isolated from chyme samples was determined using qPCR. On the host side, the mRNA expression of 13 genes grouped into two panels was analysed with RT-qPCR. Panel (1) included genes related to intestinal innate immune responses (IL-1β, IL-10 and IL-12p40, AvBD1 and CATHL2). Panel (2) contained genes involved in intestinal barrier function (MUC6, CLDN1 and TJAP1) and nutrients sensing (FFAR2 and FFAR4, GLUT1, GLUT2 and GLUT5). GOS increased the relative abundance of Bifidobacterium in caecum (from 1.3% to 3.9%). Distinct effects of GOS on gene expression were manifested in jejunum and caecum. Cytokine genes (IL-1β, IL-10 and IL-12p40) were up-regulated in the jejunum and caecum of the GOS-treated group. Host defence peptides (AvBD1 and CATHL2) were up-regulated in the caecum of the GOS-treated group. Free fatty acid receptors (FFAR2 and FFAR4) were up-regulated in all three compartments of the intestine (except the duodenum). Glucose transporters were down-regulated in duodenum (GLUT2 and GLUT5) but up-regulated in the hindgut (GLUT1 and GLUT2). In conclusion, GOS delivered in ovo had a bifidogenic effect in adult chickens. It also modulated gene expression related to intestinal immune responses, gut barrier function, and nutrient sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Slawinska
- Department of Animal Biotechnology and Genetics, UTP University of Science and Technology, Bydgoszcz, Poland
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Aleksandra Dunislawska
- Department of Animal Biotechnology and Genetics, UTP University of Science and Technology, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Arkadiusz Plowiec
- Department of Animal Biotechnology and Genetics, UTP University of Science and Technology, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Radomska
- Department of Animal Biotechnology and Genetics, UTP University of Science and Technology, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Jagoda Lachmanska
- Department of Animal Biotechnology and Genetics, UTP University of Science and Technology, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Maria Siwek
- Department of Animal Biotechnology and Genetics, UTP University of Science and Technology, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Siria Tavaniello
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Maiorano
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
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41
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Yu XH, Zhang DW, Zheng XL, Tang CK. Itaconate: an emerging determinant of inflammation in activated macrophages. Immunol Cell Biol 2018; 97:134-141. [PMID: 30428148 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages play a central role in innate immunity as the first line of defense against pathogen infection. Upon exposure to inflammatory stimuli, macrophages rapidly respond and subsequently undergo metabolic reprogramming to substantially produce cellular metabolites such as itaconate. As a derivate of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, itaconate is derived from the decarboxylation of cis-aconitate mediated by immunoresponsive gene 1 in the mitochondrial matrix. It is well known that itaconate has a direct antimicrobial effect by inhibiting isocitrate lyase. Strikingly, two recent studies published in Nature showed that itaconate markedly decreases the production of proinflammatory mediators in lipopolysaccharide-treated macrophages and ameliorates sepsis and psoriasis in animal models, revealing a novel biological action of itaconate beyond its regular roles in antimicrobial defense. The mechanism for this anti-inflammatory effect has been proposed to involve the inhibition of succinate dehydrogenase, blockade of IκBζ translation and activation of Nrf2. These intriguing discoveries provide a new explanation for how macrophages are switched from a pro- to an anti-inflammatory state to limit the damage and facilitate tissue repair under proinflammatory conditions. Thus, the emerging effect of itaconate as a crucial determinant of macrophage inflammation has important implications in further understanding cellular immunometabolism and developing future therapeutics for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. In this review, we focus on the roles of itaconate in controlling the inflammatory response during macrophage activation, providing a rationale for future investigation and therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hua Yu
- Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Medical Research Experiment Center, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Da-Wei Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics and Group on the Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2S2, Canada
| | - Xi-Long Zheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Health Sciences Center, 3330 Hospital Dr NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Chao-Ke Tang
- Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Medical Research Experiment Center, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
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42
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Song J, Li Q, Li P, Liu R, Cui H, Zheng M, Everaert N, Zhao G, Wen J. The effects of inulin on the mucosal morphology and immune status of specific pathogen-free chickens. Poult Sci 2018; 97:3938-3946. [PMID: 29992311 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of inulin on mucosal morphology and immune function of specific pathogen-free (SPF) chickens. A total of 200 one-day-old White Leghorns SPF chickens were divided into 5 groups of 4 replicates of 10 chickens each. All SPF chickens were fed a basal diet supplemented with 0, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, or 2.0% inulin. The mucosal morphology and immune indexes were analyzed on days 7, 14, and 21, respectively. Our results showed that the concentrations of acetate and propionate in the cecum and serum had increased with dietary inulin supplementation on day 21 (P < 0.05). Butyrate could not be detected in the cecal digesta, but was increased in the serum of 1 and 2% groups, as compared with the control group (P < 0.05). The villi height was increased (P < 0.05) and the crypt depth was decreased (P < 0.05) in the duodenum and ileum of SPF chickens fed inulin, as compared with the control group. Also, inulin at a low concentration (0.25 or 0.5%) significantly decreased (P < 0.05) the gene expression of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), lipopolysaccharide-induced tumor necrosis factor (LITAF) at 7, 14, and 21 d, and of interleukin-6 (IL-6), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) at 7 and 14 d, and increased that of mucin 2 (MUC2) and claudin-1 in the ileum of SPF chickens at 7, 14, and 21 d. High inulin supplementation (2%) significantly increased the gene expression of NF-κB, LITAF, IL-6, iNOS, and Claudin-1 at 14 and 21 d compared to low inulin concentration (0.25 or 0.5%). The results indicated that the effects of inulin on mucosal immune function occurred in a dose-dependent manner. A low concentration (0.25 or 0.5%) of inulin may be beneficial in promoting intestinal immune function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Song
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinghe Li
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Li
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - RanRan Liu
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Huanxian Cui
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Maiqing Zheng
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Nadia Everaert
- Precision Livestock and Nutrition Unit, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux 5030, Belgium
| | - Guiping Zhao
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Wen
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
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43
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Zhen W, Shao Y, Gong X, Wu Y, Geng Y, Wang Z, Guo Y. Effect of dietary Bacillus coagulans supplementation on growth performance and immune responses of broiler chickens challenged by Salmonella enteritidis. Poult Sci 2018; 97:2654-2666. [PMID: 29660095 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the protective efficacy of dietary Bacillus coagulans (B. coagulans) supplementation in birds receiving Salmonella enteritidis (SE). Two hundred and forty 1-day-old Cobb broilers were randomly assigned to 2 × 2 factorial arrangements of treatments with 2 levels of dietary B. coagulans (0 or 400 mg/kg) and 2 levels of SE challenge (0 or 1 × 109 SE between d 9 to 11). Results showed that SE infection did not affect growth performance, but caused intestinal inflammation and barrier function impairment by reducing intestinal goblet cells and beneficial bacteria numbers, increasing cecal Salmonella colonization and liver Salmonella invasion, downregulating jejunal mucin-2 (at 7 and 17 d post-infection, DPI), TLR2 (at 7 and 17 DPI), TLR4 (at 17 DPI), TNFSF15 (at 7 and 17 DPI) gene mRNA levels, and upregulating jejunal IFN-γ mRNA levels (at 17 DPI) compared to uninfected birds. Moreover, SE infection also elevated the concentration of jejunal anti-Salmonella IgA and sera anti-Salmonella IgG compared to uninfected birds. However, chickens received B. coagulans diets showed significant increase in body weight gain and weight gain to feed intake ratio from d 15 to 21, alkaline phosphatase activity (at 7 DPI), cecal Lactobacilli and Bifidobacterium numbers (at 7 DPI; at 17 DPI), villous height: crypt ratio (at 17 DPI), and goblet cell numbers (at 7 and 17 DPI), whereas exhibiting reduced jejunal crypt depth (at 17 DPI), cecal Escherichia coli (at 7, 17, and 31 DPI), and Salmonella (at 7 and 17 DPI) levels compared with the non-supplemented birds, regardless of SE infection. In addition, B. coagulans supplement upregulated lysozyme mRNA levels (at 17 DPI), downregulated IFN-γ mRNA levels (at 7 and 17 DPI), showed an increased trend in Fowlicidin-2 mRNA levels (at 7 DPI) and a reduced trend in liver Salmonella load compared to the non-supplemented control. These data indicated that B. coagulans has a protective effect in SE infected broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenrui Zhen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yujing Shao
- College of Biology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuyan Gong
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanqiang Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuming Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Novel Imidazole and Methoxybenzylamine Growth Inhibitors Affecting Salmonella Cell Envelope Integrity and its Persistence in Chickens. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13381. [PMID: 30190570 PMCID: PMC6127322 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31249-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The control of Salmonella from farm to fork is challenging due to the emergence of antimicrobial-resistant isolates and the limited effects of current control methods. Advanced chemical technologies have made accessible a wide range of uncharacterized small molecules (SMs) with encouraging chemical properties for antimicrobial treatment. Of the 4,182 SMs screened in vitro, four cidal SMs were effective at 10 µM and higher against several serotypes, antibiotic-resistant, and biofilm embedded Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype Typhimurium by altering cell membrane integrity. The four SMs displayed synergistic effects with ciprofloxacin, meropenem and cefeprime against Salmonella. Further, the SMs were not pernicious to most eukaryotic cells at 200 μM and cleared internalized Salmonella in infected Caco-2, HD11, and THP-1 cells at 6.25 µM and higher. The SMs also increased the longevity of Salmonella-infected Galleria mellonella larvae and reduced the population of internalized Salmonella Typhimurium. Two of the SMs (SM4 and SM5) also reduced S. Typhimurium load in infected chicken ceca as well as its systemic translocation into other tissues, with minimal impact on the cecal microbiota. This study demonstrated that SMs are a viable source of potential antimicrobials applicable in food animal production against Salmonella.
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45
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V T Nair D, Kollanoor-Johny A. Effect of Propionibacterium freudenreichii on Salmonella multiplication, motility, and association with avian epithelial cells1. Poult Sci 2018; 96:1376-1386. [PMID: 27738122 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pew367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effects of a probiotic bacterium, Propionibacterium freudenreichii, on Salmonella multiplication, motility, and association to and invasion of avian epithelial cells in vitro. Two subspecies of P. freudenreichii (P. freudenreichii subsp. freudenreichii and P. freudenreichii subsp. shermanii) were tested against 3 Salmonella serotypes in poultry, namely, S. Enteritidis, S. Typhimurium, and S. Heidelberg, using co-culture-, motility, multiplication, cell association, and invasion assays. Both strains of P. freudenreichii were effective in reducing or inhibiting multiplication of all 3 Salmonella serotypes in co-culture and turkey cecal contents (P ≤ 0.05). P. freudenreichii significantly reduced Salmonella motility (P ≤ 0.05). Cell culture studies revealed that P. freudenreichii associated with the avian epithelial cells effectively and reduced S. Enteritidis, S. Heidelberg, and S. Typhimurium cell association in the range of 1.0 to 1.6 log10 CFU/mL, and invasion in the range of 1.3 to 1.5 log10 CFU/mL (P ≤ 0.05), respectively. Our current in vitro results indicate the potential of P. freudenreichii against Salmonella in poultry. Follow-up in vivo studies are underway to evaluate this possibility.
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Changes in the Expression of Avian β-defensins (AvBDs) and Proinflammatory Cytokines and Localization of AvBD2 in the Intestine of Broiler Embryos and Chicks during Growth. J Poult Sci 2018; 55:280-287. [PMID: 32055187 PMCID: PMC6756410 DOI: 10.2141/jpsa.0180022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the changes in the expression of avian β-defensins (AvBDs) and proinflammatory cytokines and localization of AvBD2 in the intestine of broiler embryos and chicks during growth. The ileum and cecum of embryonic day 19 (ED19) and of day-old (D0) and 7-day-old (D7) chicks were collected. Gene expression levels of 10 AvBDs (AvBD1-8, 10, and 12) and proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, -6, and -8) were analyzed using real-time PCR, and the localization of AvBD2 was examined by immunohistochemistry. Gene expression levels of AvBD1, 2, 6, and 7 in the ileum and of AvBD1 and 4 in the cecum were higher on ED19 than on D7. The expression of AvBD10 in the ileum was higher on D0 than on ED19, whereas the expression levels of AvBD8 and 10 in the cecum were higher on D0 than on ED19, and that of AvBD10 decreased on D7. The expression levels of IL-1β, -6, and -8 in the ileum were higher on D7 than on ED19. The expression levels of IL-1β, -6, and -8 in the cecum were higher on D0 than on ED19, and that of IL-1β and -6 declined on D7. AvBD2-positive cells were localized in the lamina propria beneath epithelial cells of villi and crypts. The number of positive cells in the cecum mucosa was greater on D0 than on ED19 and D7. In conclusion, we suggest that AvBDs are expressed in the ileum and cecum of embryos and chicks at high levels before or just after hatching and decrease by D7. The expression of proinflammatory cytokines in the ileum increases with growth until D7, but is the highest in the cecum around hatching. These AvBDs and proinflammatory cytokines may play roles in host defense in the intestinal mucosa of embryos and neonatal chicks.
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47
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Loes AN, Bridgham JT, Harms MJ. Coevolution of the Toll-Like Receptor 4 Complex with Calgranulins and Lipopolysaccharide. Front Immunol 2018. [PMID: 29515592 PMCID: PMC5826337 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) induces inflammation in response to both pathogen- and host-derived molecules. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) recognition by TLR4 has been shown to occur across the amniotes, but endogenous signaling through TLR4 has not been validated outside of placental mammals. To determine whether endogenous danger signaling is also shared across amniotes, we studied the evolution of TLR4-activation by the calgranulin proteins (S100A8, S100A9, and S100A12), a clade of host molecules that potently activate TLR4 in placental mammals. We performed phylogenetic and syntenic analysis and found MRP-126—a gene in birds and reptiles—is likely orthologous to the mammalian calgranulins. We then used an ex vivo TLR4 activation assay to establish that calgranulin pro-inflammatory activity is not specific to placental mammals, but is also exhibited by representative marsupial and sauropsid species. This activity is strongly dependent on the cofactors CD14 and MD-2 for all species studied, suggesting a conserved mode of activation across the amniotes. Ortholog complementation experiments between the calgranulins, TLR4, CD14, and MD-2 revealed extensive lineage specific-coevolution and multi-way interactions between components that are necessary for the activation of NF-κB signaling by calgranulins and LPS. Our work demonstrates that calgranulin activation of TLR4 evolved at least ~320 million years ago and has been conserved in the amniote innate immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea N Loes
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States.,Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States
| | - Jamie T Bridgham
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States
| | - Michael J Harms
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States.,Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States
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Pan S, Zhang K, Ding X, Wang J, Peng H, Zeng Q, Xuan Y, Su Z, Wu B, Bai S. Effect of High Dietary Manganese on the Immune Responses of Broilers Following Oral Salmonella typhimurium Inoculation. Biol Trace Elem Res 2018; 181:347-360. [PMID: 28555440 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-017-1060-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) is an essential nutrient for both host and pathogen. Recent studies have demonstrated the nutritional immunity of Mn against Salmonella infection in mammals. To investigate the effect of high dietary Mn on immune responses of broilers following Salmonella challenge, 144 1-day-old male broilers were fed a basal diet (containing 20.04 mg Mn/kg) plus an additional 40 (the control group) or 400 mg Mn/kg (the H-Mn group) for 7 days. The 72 broilers in each group were then orally inoculated with 5 × 107 CFUs of Salmonella typhimurium (ATCC#14028) or phosphate-buffered saline. Peripheral blood, spleens, cecal tonsils, and bursa of Fabricius were collected from Salmonella-inoculated and Salmonella-noninoculated broilers (n = 6) at 2 days post inoculation (2 DPI) and 7 days post inoculation (7 DPI). Peripheral blood lymphocyte subpopulations were determined by flow cytometry. The messenger RNA (mRNA) abundance of genes was determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Salmonella counts were higher (P < 0.05) in the H-Mn group than that in the control group at 2 DPI in the cecal contents of Salmonella-inoculated broilers. High dietary Mn increased CD3+CD4+ and CD3+CD8+ percentages in the peripheral blood of Salmonella-inoculated broilers at 2 DPI. Salmonella inoculation increased interleukin (IL)-6 mRNA expression in spleens and bursa of Fabricius at 2 DPI and increased IL-1β and IL-6 mRNA expression in cecal tonsils at 7 DPI in the H-Mn group. These changes were not observed in the control group. High dietary Mn increased interferon-γ (IFN-γ) in spleens and decreased IFN-γ and IL-12 mRNA expression in cecal tonsils of Salmonella-inoculated broilers at 2 DPI. High dietary Mn decreased IL-17 mRNA expression in the bursa of Fabricius at 7 DPI, but increased this expression in cecal tonsils at 2 and 7 DPI in Salmonella-inoculated broilers. These results suggested that dietary Mn level affected T helper (Th) 1-cytokine reaction in spleens and cecal tonsils, and Th17-mediated immunity in cecal tonsils and the bursa of Fabricius of broilers when challenged with Salmonella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuqin Pan
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Feed Engineering Research Centre of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road 211#, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Keying Zhang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Feed Engineering Research Centre of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road 211#, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Xuemei Ding
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Feed Engineering Research Centre of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road 211#, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Jianping Wang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Feed Engineering Research Centre of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road 211#, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Huanwei Peng
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Feed Engineering Research Centre of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road 211#, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Qiufeng Zeng
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Feed Engineering Research Centre of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road 211#, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Yue Xuan
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Feed Engineering Research Centre of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road 211#, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Zuowei Su
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Feed Engineering Research Centre of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road 211#, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Bing Wu
- Chinese Chelota Group, Liangshui Industrial Estate, Jinyu District, Guanghan, Sihuan, 618300, China
| | - Shiping Bai
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Feed Engineering Research Centre of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road 211#, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China.
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Tohidi R, Javanmard A, Idris I. Immunogenetics applied to control salmonellosis in chicken: a review. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2017.1301256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Reza Tohidi
- Department of Animal Science, Torbat-e Jam University of Agriculture, Torbat-e Jam, Iran
| | - Arash Javanmard
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ismail Idris
- Department of Animal Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
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50
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Swaggerty CL, Kogut MH, He H, Genovese KJ, Johnson C, Arsenault RJ. Differential Levels of Cecal Colonization by Salmonella Enteritidis in Chickens Triggers Distinct Immune Kinome Profiles. Front Vet Sci 2017; 4:214. [PMID: 29322049 PMCID: PMC5733560 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2017.00214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis are facultative intracellular bacteria that cause disease in numerous species. Salmonella-related infections originating from poultry and/or poultry products are a major cause of human foodborne illness with S. Enteritidis the leading cause worldwide. Despite the importance of Salmonella to human health and chickens being a reservoir, little is known of the response to infection within the chicken gastrointestinal tract. Using chicken-specific kinome immune peptide arrays we compared a detailed kinomic analysis of the chicken jejunal immune response in a single line of birds with high and low Salmonella loads. Four-day-old chicks were challenged with S. Enteritidis (105 cfu) and cecal content and a section of jejunum collected at three times: early [4-7 days post-infection (dpi)], middle (10-17 dpi), and late (24-37 dpi). Salmonella colonization was enumerated and birds with the highest (n = 4) and lowest (n = 4) loads at each time were selected for kinomic analyses. Key biological processes associated with lower loads of Salmonella clustered around immune responses, including cell surface receptor signaling pathway, positive regulation of cellular processes, defense response, innate immune response, regulation of immune response, immune system process, and regulation of signaling. Further evaluation showed specific pathways including chemokine, Jak-Stat, mitogen activated protein kinase, and T cell receptor signaling pathways were also associated with increased resistance. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that it is possible to identify key mechanisms and pathways that are associated with increased resistance against S. Enteritidis cecal colonization in chickens. Therefore, providing a foundation for future studies to identify specific proteins within these pathways that are associated with resistance, which could provide breeders additional biomarkers to identify birds naturally more resistant to this important foodborne pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina L Swaggerty
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Michael H Kogut
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Haiqi He
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Kenneth J Genovese
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Casey Johnson
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States
| | - Ryan J Arsenault
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States
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