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Shi L, Zhao L, Li Q, Huang L, Qin Y, Zhuang Z, Wang X, Huang H, Zhang J, Zhang J, Yan Q. Role of the Pseudomonas plecoglossicida fliL gene in immune response of infected hybrid groupers (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ♀ × Epinephelus lanceolatus ♂). Front Immunol 2024; 15:1415744. [PMID: 39026675 PMCID: PMC11254626 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1415744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas plecoglossicida, a gram-negative bacterium, is the main pathogen of visceral white-point disease in marine fish, responsible for substantial economic losses in the aquaculture industry. The FliL protein, involved in torque production of the bacterial flagella motor, is essential for the pathogenicity of a variety of bacteria. In the current study, the fliL gene deletion strain (ΔfliL), fliL gene complement strain (C-ΔfliL), and wild-type strain (NZBD9) were compared to explore the influence of the fliL gene on P. plecoglossicida pathogenicity and its role in host immune response. Results showed that fliL gene deletion increased the survival rate (50%) and reduced white spot disease progression in the hybrid groupers. Moreover, compared to the NZBD9 strain, the ΔfliL strain was consistently associated with lower bacterial loads in the grouper spleen, head kidney, liver, and intestine, coupled with reduced tissue damage. Transcriptomic analysis identified 2 238 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the spleens of fish infected with the ΔfliL strain compared to the NZBD9 strain. Based on Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis, the DEGs were significantly enriched in seven immune system-associated pathways and three signaling molecule and interaction pathways. Upon infection with the ΔfliL strain, the toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathway was activated in the hybrid groupers, leading to the activation of transcription factors (NF-κB and AP1) and cytokines. The expression levels of proinflammatory cytokine-related genes IL-1β, IL-12B, and IL-6 and chemokine-related genes CXCL9, CXCL10, and CCL4 were significantly up-regulated. In conclusion, the fliL gene markedly influenced the pathogenicity of P. plecoglossicida infection in the hybrid groupers. Notably, deletion of fliL gene in P. plecoglossicida induced a robust immune response in the groupers, promoting defense against and elimination of pathogens via an inflammatory response involving multiple cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Shi
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| | - Lingmin Zhao
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| | - Qi Li
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| | - Lixing Huang
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yingxue Qin
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zhixia Zhuang
- College of Environment and Public Health, Xiamen Huaxia University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xiaoru Wang
- College of Environment and Public Health, Xiamen Huaxia University, Xiamen, China
| | - Huabin Huang
- College of Environment and Public Health, Xiamen Huaxia University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jiaonan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Special Aquatic Feed for Fujian, Fujian Tianma Technology Company Limited, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jiaolin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Special Aquatic Feed for Fujian, Fujian Tianma Technology Company Limited, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qingpi Yan
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
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Sousa CSV, Peng M, Guerreiro PM, Cardoso JCR, Chen L, Canário AVM, Power DM. Differential tissue immune stimulation through immersion in bacterial and viral agonists in the Antarctic Notothenia rossii. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 148:109516. [PMID: 38548189 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The genome evolution of Antarctic notothenioids has been modulated by their extreme environment over millennia and more recently by human-caused constraints such as overfishing and climate change. Here we investigated the characteristics of the immune system in Notothenia rossii and how it responds to 8 h immersion in viral (Poly I:C, polyinosinic: polycytidylic acid) and bacterial (LPS, lipopolysaccharide) proxies. Blood plasma antiprotease activity and haematocrit were reduced in Poly I:C-treated fish only, while plasma protein, lysozyme activity and cortisol were unchanged with both treatments. The skin and duodenum transcriptomes responded strongly to the treatments, unlike the liver and spleen which had a mild response. Furthermore, the skin transcriptome responded most to the bacterial proxy (cell adhesion, metabolism and immune response processes) and the duodenum (metabolism, response to stress, regulation of intracellular signal transduction, and immune system responses) to the viral proxy. The differential tissue response to the two proxy challenges is indicative of immune specialisation of the duodenum and the skin towards pathogens. NOD-like and C-type lectin receptors may be central in recognising LPS and Poly I:C. Other antimicrobial compounds such as iron and selenium-related genes are essential defence mechanisms to protect the host from sepsis. In conclusion, our study revealed a specific response of two immune barrier tissue, the skin and duodenum, in Notothenia rossii when exposed to pathogen proxies by immersion, and this may represent an adaptation to pathogen infective strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cármen S V Sousa
- Centro de Ciências do Mar CCMAR, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Maoxiao Peng
- Centro de Ciências do Mar CCMAR, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology and National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pedro M Guerreiro
- Centro de Ciências do Mar CCMAR, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - João C R Cardoso
- Centro de Ciências do Mar CCMAR, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Liangbiao Chen
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology and National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Adelino V M Canário
- Centro de Ciências do Mar CCMAR, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology and National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Deborah M Power
- Centro de Ciências do Mar CCMAR, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology and National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.
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Lactococcus intestinalis sp. nov., a new lactic acid bacterium isolated from intestinal contents in Alzheimer's disease mice. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 2023; 116:425-433. [PMID: 36786966 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-023-01814-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
A gram-positive, facultatively anaerobic, and coccoid or ovoid-shaped bacterium designated M2458T was isolated from the intestinal contents of APPswe/PSΔE9 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. With the polyphasic approach, the taxonomic position of the novel isolate was confirmed. Strain M2458T grew well at 37 °C on YCFA agar. Strain M2458T belongs to the family Streptococcaceae and class Bacilli, and it is closed to Lactococcus formosensis NBRC 109475T (97.59% sequence similarity) according to its 16S rRNA gene sequence. In a comparison of two housekeeping genes, rpoA and rpoB, strain M2458T was found to be well separated from Lactococcus formosensis NBRC 109475T. On the basis of whole genome sequences, the DNA G+C content was 38.29 mol%. The phylogentic analysis of the whole genome showed that a different branch was clearly formed in the phylogenetic tree of strain M2458T compared to other strains in the genus Lactococcus. A total of eight genes in strain M2458T are involved in the 'neurodegenerative disease' pathway, which involves an annotated protein (glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase) involved in Alzheimer's disease. In terms of average nucleotide identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization, strain M2458T was identified as a novel species of the genus Lacococcus. The major fatty acids (> 10% of the total fatty acids) were C18:1ω9c (39.68%), C16:0 (13.26%) and C18:1ω7c (11.52%). The polar lipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, and an unidentified phospholipid. As a result of its genotypic and phenotypic characteristics, strain M2458T was considered to be a new species within the genus Lactococcus; the name Lactococcus intestinalis sp. nov. has been proposed, with type strain M2458T (=JCM 35706 = CGMCC 1.60066).
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Baharum SN, Mayalvanan Y, Natnan ME, Azizan KA, Bunawan H, Him NRN, Low CF, Chong CM. LC-qTOF-MS analysis of fish immune organs reveals the distribution of amino acids in response to metabolic adaptation of the survival phenotype in grouper against Vibrio infection. 3 Biotech 2022; 12:206. [PMID: 35935547 PMCID: PMC9349327 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-022-03269-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Epinephelus fuscoguttatus is economically crucial to various Southeast Asia countries where they are reared in fish farms to meet the demand for supply. However, a systemic infectious disease known as vibriosis has steadily and extensively affected the fish farming industry. The disease is caused by Vibrio spp., which are pathogenic gram-negative bacteria. This study focused on understanding the host's metabolic adaptation against Vibrio vulnificus infection, which features a survival phenotype, by profiling the metabolites in grouper fingerlings that survived the experimental infection. Mapping of the pathways is crucial to explain the roles of metabolites in fish immunity. A solvent extraction method was used on the grouper's immune organs (gills, liver and spleen) prior to Liquid Chromatography-Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (LC-qTOF-MS) analysis. The metabolites identified in fingerlings that survived experimental infections were mostly amino acids (primary metabolites). Glutamine (0.44%), alanine (0.68%), phenylalanine (2.63%) and tyrosine (2.60%) were highly abundant in survived-infected gills. Aspartic acid (13.57%) and leucine (4.01%) were highly abundant in the livers of the survived-infected fish and lysine was highly abundant in both gills (2.94%) and liver (3.64%) of the survived-infected fish. Subsequent bioinformatics analysis revealed the involvement of the identified functional amino acids in various immune-related pathways. The current findings facilitate the comprehension of the metabolic adaptation of grouper fingerlings that exhibited a survival phenotype against Vibrio infection. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-022-03269-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syarul Nataqain Baharum
- Metabolomics Research Laboratory, Institute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM, Bangi, 43600 Selangor Malaysia
| | - Yosmetha Mayalvanan
- Metabolomics Research Laboratory, Institute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM, Bangi, 43600 Selangor Malaysia
| | - Maya Erna Natnan
- Metabolomics Research Laboratory, Institute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM, Bangi, 43600 Selangor Malaysia
| | - Kamalrul Azlan Azizan
- Metabolomics Research Laboratory, Institute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM, Bangi, 43600 Selangor Malaysia
| | - Hamidun Bunawan
- Metabolomics Research Laboratory, Institute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM, Bangi, 43600 Selangor Malaysia
| | - Nik Raikhan Nik Him
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Shah Alam, 40450 Selangor Malaysia
| | - Chen-Fei Low
- Metabolomics Research Laboratory, Institute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM, Bangi, 43600 Selangor Malaysia
| | - Chou-Min Chong
- Aquaculture Animal Health and Therapeutics Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, 43400 Selangor Malaysia
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Deng F, Wang D, Loch TP, Chen F, Lu T, Cao Y, Fan D, Li S. Time-course transcriptome analyses of spleen in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) post-Flavobacterium psychrophilum infection. Front Immunol 2022; 13:965099. [PMID: 36016951 PMCID: PMC9396386 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.965099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavobacterium psychrophilum, the etiological agent of bacterial coldwater disease and rainbow trout fry syndrome, causes considerable losses in salmonid aquaculture globally. Systemic F. psychrophilum infections in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) lead to a range of clinical signs, including ulcerative lesions in the skin and muscle and splenitis. Previous studies offered an integrative analysis of the skeletal muscle response to F. psychrophilum infection in rainbow trout. However, little is known about the molecular mechanism of immune response in the spleen, which is an important immune organ of rainbow trout. Here, we investigated the time-course splenic transcriptome profiles in uninfected rainbow trout (CK) and F. psychrophilum–infected rainbow trout at day 3 and day 7 (D3, D7) by RNA-seq analyses. Among the 7,170 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the three comparisons (D3 vs. CK, D7 vs. CK, D3 vs. D7), 1,286 DEGs showed consistent upregulation or downregulation at D3 and D7 and were associated with pattern recognition, acute-phase response, complement cascade, chemokine and cytokine signaling, and apoptosis. The Real time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) analysis of eight DEGs confirmed the accuracy of the RNA-Sequencing (RNA-seq) data. Our results reflected a general process from pathogen recognition to inflammatory cytokine generation and delineated a putative Toll-like receptor signaling pathway in rainbow trout spleen, following F. psychrophilum infection. Taken together, these results provide new insights into the molecular mechanism of the immune response to F. psychrophilum infection and are a valuable resource for future research on the prevention and control of bacterial coldwater disease during salmon culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Furong Deng
- Department of Aquatic Animal Health, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, China
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Di Wang
- Department of Aquatic Animal Health, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Immune Technology of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China
| | - Thomas P. Loch
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Fuguang Chen
- Department of Aquatic Animal Health, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Immune Technology of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China
| | - Tongyan Lu
- Department of Aquatic Animal Health, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Immune Technology of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China
| | - Yongsheng Cao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Dan Fan
- Department of Aquatic Animal Health, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, China
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaowu Li
- Department of Aquatic Animal Health, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Immune Technology of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Shaowu Li,
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Liyanage DS, Omeka WKM, Yang H, Lim C, Kwon H, Choi CY, Lee J. Expression profiling, immune functions, and molecular characteristics of the tetraspanin molecule CD63 from Amphiprion clarkii. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 123:104168. [PMID: 34118281 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2021.104168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
CD63, a member of the tetraspanin family, is involved in the activation of immune cells, antiviral immunity, and signal transduction. The economically important anemonefishes Amphiprion sp. often face disease outbreaks, and the present study aimed to characterize CD63 in Amphiprion clarkii (denoted AcCD63) to enable better disease management. The in-silico analysis revealed that the AcCD63 transcript is 723 bp long and encodes 240 amino acids. The 26.2 kDa protein has a theoretical isoelectric point of 5.51. Similar to other tetraspanins, AcCD63 consists of four domains: short N-/C-terminal domains and small/large extracellular loops. Pairwise sequence alignment revealed that AcCD63 has the highest identity (100%) and similarity (99.2%) with CD63 from Amphiprion ocellaris. Multiple sequence alignment identified a conserved tetraspanin CCG motif, PXSCC motif, and C-terminal lysosome-targeting GYEVM motif. The quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that AcCD63 was highly expressed in the spleen and head kidney tissue, with low levels of expression in the liver. Temporal expression patterns of AcCD63 were measured in the head kidney and blood tissue after injection of polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly (I:C)), lipolysacharides (LPS), or Vibrio harveyi (V. harveyi). AcCD63 was upregulated at 12 h post-injection with poly (I:C) or V. harveyi, and at 24 h post-injection with all stimulants in the head kidney. At 24 h post-injection, poly (I:C) and LPS upregulated, whereas V. harveyi downregulated AcCD63 expression in the blood. All viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus transcripts (M, G, N, RdRp, P, and NV) were downregulated in response to AcCD63 overexpression, and removal of viral particles occurred via the involvement of AcCD63. The expression of antiviral genes MX dynamin-like GTPase 1, interferon regulatory factor 3, interferon-stimulated gene 15, interferon-gamma, and viperin in CD63-overexpressing fathead minnow cells was downregulated. Collectively, our findings suggest that AcCD63 is an immunologically important gene involved in the A. clarkii pathogen stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Liyanage
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - W K M Omeka
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyerim Yang
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Chaehyeon Lim
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyukjae Kwon
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63333, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Young Choi
- Division of Marine Bioscience, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan, 49112, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jehee Lee
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63333, Republic of Korea.
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Schäfer N, Matoušek J, Rebl A, Stejskal V, Brunner RM, Goldammer T, Verleih M, Korytář T. Effects of Chronic Hypoxia on the Immune Status of Pikeperch ( Sander lucioperca Linnaeus, 1758). BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10070649. [PMID: 34356504 PMCID: PMC8301350 DOI: 10.3390/biology10070649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary Inadequate oxygen saturation, or hypoxia, belongs to one of the critical stress factors in intensive aquaculture. Exposure of fish to low oxygen levels over prolonged periods substantially affects their well-being and immune competence, resulting in increased disease susceptibility and consequent economic losses. In this interdisciplinary research, we aimed to provide a deeper understanding of the effect of chronic low oxygen saturation on pikeperch farmed in recirculating aquaculture systems. The obtained data offer unprecedented insights into the changes in the immunocompetence of studied fish and suggest high robustness of this new aquaculture species to the stress factors of intensive aquaculture. Abstract Inadequate oxygen saturation can induce stress responses in fish and further affect their immunity. Pikeperch, recently introduced in intensive aquaculture, is suggested to be reared at nearly 100% DO (dissolved oxygen), yet this recommendation can be compromised by several factors including the water temperature, stocking densities or low circulation. Herein, we aimed to investigate the effect of low oxygen saturation of 40% DO (±3.2 mg/L) over 28 days on pikeperch farmed in recirculating aquaculture systems. The obtained data suggest that—although the standard blood and health parameters did not reveal any significant differences at any timepoint—the flow cytometric analysis identified a slightly decreased proportion of lymphocytes in the HK (head kidney) of fish exposed to hypoxia. This has been complemented by marginally downregulated expression of investigated immune and stress genes in HK and liver (including FTH1, HIF1A and NR3C1). Additionally, in the model of acute peritoneal inflammation induced with inactivated Aeromonas hydrophila, we observed a striking dichotomy in the sensitivity to the low DO between innate and adaptive immunity. Thus, while the mobilization of myeloid cells from HK to blood, spleen and peritoneal cavity, underlined by changes in the expression of key proinflammatory cytokines (including MPO, IL1B and TNF) was not influenced by the low DO, hypoxia impaired the influx of lymphocytes to the peritoneal niche in the later phases of the immune reaction. Taken together, our data suggest high robustness of pikeperch towards the low oxygen saturation and further encourage its introduction to the intensive aquaculture systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Schäfer
- Fish Genetics Unit, Institute of Genome Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany; (N.S.); (A.R.); (R.M.B.); (T.G.)
| | - Jan Matoušek
- Institute of Aquaculture and Protection of Waters (IAPW), Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic; (J.M.); (V.S.)
| | - Alexander Rebl
- Fish Genetics Unit, Institute of Genome Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany; (N.S.); (A.R.); (R.M.B.); (T.G.)
| | - Vlastimil Stejskal
- Institute of Aquaculture and Protection of Waters (IAPW), Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic; (J.M.); (V.S.)
| | - Ronald M. Brunner
- Fish Genetics Unit, Institute of Genome Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany; (N.S.); (A.R.); (R.M.B.); (T.G.)
| | - Tom Goldammer
- Fish Genetics Unit, Institute of Genome Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany; (N.S.); (A.R.); (R.M.B.); (T.G.)
- Molecular Biology and Fish Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Marieke Verleih
- Fish Genetics Unit, Institute of Genome Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany; (N.S.); (A.R.); (R.M.B.); (T.G.)
- Correspondence: (M.V.); (T.K.); Tel.: +49-38208-68-721 (M.V.); +420-387-775-471 (T.K.)
| | - Tomáš Korytář
- Institute of Aquaculture and Protection of Waters (IAPW), Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic; (J.M.); (V.S.)
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre CAS, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: (M.V.); (T.K.); Tel.: +49-38208-68-721 (M.V.); +420-387-775-471 (T.K.)
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Yang J, Tian T, Xiao K, Zeng Q, Tan C, Du H. Pathogenic infection and immune-related gene expression of Chinese sturgeon (Acipenser sinensis) challenged by Citrobacter freundii. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 114:103872. [PMID: 32949686 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2020.103872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Citrobacter freundii is one of the important bacterial diseases responsible for disease outbreaks to wild and cultured fishes globally. However, no known empirical research has focused on exploring relationships between immune response after C. freundii infection in sturgeons. In this study, C. freundii was isolated and identified from artificially breeding Chinese sturgeon, and global measurement of transcriptome response to C. freundii infection in head-kidney and spleen of A. sinensis were conducted to the acknowledgement of the potential mechanisms of pathogen-host interaction triggered by the bacterial infection. In total, differentially expressed genes which significantly associated with immune responses were found to be participated in antigen processing and presentation (MHC I, MHC II, HspA1, Hsp90A, Hsp70, CTSL, and CTSE), and acute phase response (serotransferrin and CP), as well as changing of other immune-related cytokine, such as chemokine and interferon, which proving their reacting and regulatory role during the response of thehost against C. freundii infection in fish. C. freundii can cause serious disease in sturgeon species was first reported in this study, and innate immune responses to C. freundii infection in this study will be conducive to understand the defense mechanisms and making appropriate prevention strategies in A. sinensis aquaculture operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- Institute of Chinese Sturgeon, China Three Gorges Corporation, Yichang, Hubei, 443100, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Project for Conservation of Fishes, Institute of Chinese Sturgeon, China Three Gorges Corporation, Yichang, Hubei, 443100, China.
| | - Tian Tian
- Institute of Chinese Sturgeon, China Three Gorges Corporation, Yichang, Hubei, 443100, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Project for Conservation of Fishes, Institute of Chinese Sturgeon, China Three Gorges Corporation, Yichang, Hubei, 443100, China.
| | - Kan Xiao
- Institute of Chinese Sturgeon, China Three Gorges Corporation, Yichang, Hubei, 443100, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Project for Conservation of Fishes, Institute of Chinese Sturgeon, China Three Gorges Corporation, Yichang, Hubei, 443100, China.
| | - Qingkai Zeng
- Institute of Chinese Sturgeon, China Three Gorges Corporation, Yichang, Hubei, 443100, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Project for Conservation of Fishes, Institute of Chinese Sturgeon, China Three Gorges Corporation, Yichang, Hubei, 443100, China.
| | - Chun Tan
- Institute of Chinese Sturgeon, China Three Gorges Corporation, Yichang, Hubei, 443100, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Project for Conservation of Fishes, Institute of Chinese Sturgeon, China Three Gorges Corporation, Yichang, Hubei, 443100, China.
| | - Hejun Du
- Institute of Chinese Sturgeon, China Three Gorges Corporation, Yichang, Hubei, 443100, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Project for Conservation of Fishes, Institute of Chinese Sturgeon, China Three Gorges Corporation, Yichang, Hubei, 443100, China.
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Lahnsteiner F. Differences in immune components of blood, spleen and head kidney between diploid and auto- and allotriploid Salmonidae. Tissue Cell 2020; 67:101445. [PMID: 33099197 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2020.101445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Immune components were investigated in peripheral blood and in spleen and head kidney of autotriploid Salmo trutta f. lacustris, Salvelinus fontinalis, and Salvelinus umbla, and of allotriploid hybrids of S. trutta f. lacustris x Onchorynchus mykiss and S. fontinalis x O. mykiss in comparison to their diploid parents. In peripheral blood the number of lymphocytes was reduced in all investigated autotriploids and in the allotriploid S. trutta f. lacustris x O.mykiss, and the numbers of thrombocytes in autotriploid S. trutta f. lacustris and in both allotriploids. Alternative pathway of complement activity and immunoglobulin concentration were significantly decreased in all investigated auto- and allotriploids, lysozyme activity in autotriploid S. fontinalis and in both allotriploids. In the spleen of the 3 autotriploids the number of erythrocytes was increased, while the number of lymphoid precursor cells was decreased. In their head kidney the erythrocytes numbers were decreased and the numbers of erythropoietic precursor cells and the melanomacrophage centers were increased. Contrary, cytology of spleen and head kidney of the two allotriploid hybrids was similar to diploid controls. Caspase 1, caspase 6, lysozyme, and acid phosphatase activity and immunoglobulin concentration of spleen and head kidney showed specific changes which were related to cytological results. These data indicate alterations in immune system and in lymphoid organs of auto- and allotriploid Salmonidae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franz Lahnsteiner
- Federal Agency for Water Management, Institute for Water Ecology, Fisheries and Lake Research, Scharfling 18, A-5310 Mondsee, Fishfarm Kreuzstein, Oberburgau 28, 4866, Unterach, Austria
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10
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Bulfon C, Prearo M, Volpatti D, Byadgi O, Righetti M, Maniaci MG, Campia V, Pastorino P, Pascoli F, Toffan A, Biolatti C, Acutis PL, Colussi S. Resistant and susceptible rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) lines show distinctive immune response to Lactococcus garvieae. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 105:457-468. [PMID: 32673645 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Lactococcosis is one of the main bacterial diseases affecting rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), with significant economic and sanitary repercussion. Vaccination and antibiotic treatments are commonly used to prevent and control the infection outbreaks; however, these strategies have some drawbacks including limited coverage, handling costs, induction of antibiotic resistance and chemical residues in the environment. Selective breeding programs represent a promising complementary approach for increasing fish disease resistance in commercial farms and some immunological parameters may be tentatively used as indirect indicators for this purpose. The present study investigated for the first time some innate and adaptive immune responses in two groups of rainbow trout derived from selected lines (susceptible and resistant) showing a different "in field" phenotypical resistance to Yersinia ruckeri, Flavobacterium branchiophilum, F. psychrophilum, and Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, after an immersion-dilution based exposure to Lactococcus garvieae carried out in controlled experimental conditions. Twenty-six resistant and twenty-six susceptible female rainbow trout (mean body weight 80 g, 9 months aged, F5 generation) were obtained from an intensive farm considered L. garvieae free and were exposed to the pathogen. Moreover, 10 resistant and 10 susceptible fish were used as uninfected controls. After 5 days, blood and tissue samples were collected for immunological analyses. A significantly higher serum and mucus lysozyme activity was recorded in resistant rainbow trout compared to susceptible fish (P ≤ 0.05), both before and after exposure to L. garvieae. Similarly, respiratory burst activity of head kidney leukocytes resulted more intense in resistant fish (P ≤ 0.05), suggesting that phagocytes could more quickly activate their microbicidal mechanisms to counteract the bacterial spread. Resistant group displayed also an up-regulation of immunoglobulins M (IgM), major histocompatibility complex II (MHC-II) and interleukin 8 (IL-8) gene expression (P ≤ 0.05) and a significantly higher blood lymphocytes count (P ≤ 0.05), highlighting their potential better ability to trigger the recruitment of defensive cells and the initiation of specific immune processes such as antigen presentation to CD4+ T lymphocytes and IgM synthesis. The results herein presented might be useful for the identification of immunological markers to be used as indirect indicators in rainbow trout selective breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Bulfon
- University of Udine, Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences (DI4A), Section of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, via Sondrio 2/a, 33100, Udine, UD, Italy
| | - Marino Prearo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta (IZSPLV), via Bologna 148, 10154, Torino, TO, Italy
| | - Donatella Volpatti
- University of Udine, Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences (DI4A), Section of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, via Sondrio 2/a, 33100, Udine, UD, Italy.
| | - Omkar Byadgi
- University of Udine, Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences (DI4A), Section of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, via Sondrio 2/a, 33100, Udine, UD, Italy
| | - Marzia Righetti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta (IZSPLV), via Bologna 148, 10154, Torino, TO, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Maniaci
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta (IZSPLV), via Bologna 148, 10154, Torino, TO, Italy
| | - Valentina Campia
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta (IZSPLV), via Bologna 148, 10154, Torino, TO, Italy
| | - Paolo Pastorino
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta (IZSPLV), via Bologna 148, 10154, Torino, TO, Italy
| | - Francesco Pascoli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie (IZSVe), Viale dell'Università 10, 35020, Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - Anna Toffan
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie (IZSVe), Viale dell'Università 10, 35020, Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - Cristina Biolatti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta (IZSPLV), via Bologna 148, 10154, Torino, TO, Italy
| | - Pier Luigi Acutis
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta (IZSPLV), via Bologna 148, 10154, Torino, TO, Italy
| | - Silvia Colussi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta (IZSPLV), via Bologna 148, 10154, Torino, TO, Italy
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11
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Brunner SR, Varga JFA, Dixon B. Antimicrobial Peptides of Salmonid Fish: From Form to Function. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:E233. [PMID: 32824728 PMCID: PMC7464209 DOI: 10.3390/biology9080233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are small, usually cationic, and amphiphilic molecules that play a crucial role in molecular and cellular host defense against pathogens, tissue damage, and infection. AMPs are present in all metazoans and several have been discovered in teleosts. Some teleosts, such as salmonids, have undergone whole genome duplication events and retained a diverse AMP repertoire. Salmonid AMPs have also been shown to possess diverse and potent antibacterial, antiviral, and antiparasitic activity and are induced by a variety of factors, including dietary components and specific molecules also known as pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), which may activate downstream signals to initiate transcription of AMP genes. Moreover, a multitude of cell lines have been established from various salmonid species, making it possible to study host-pathogen interactions in vitro, and several of these cell lines have been shown to express various AMPs. In this review, the structure, function, transcriptional regulation, and immunomodulatory role of salmonid AMPs are highlighted in health and disease. It is important to characterize and understand how salmonid AMPs function as this may lead to a better understanding of host-pathogen interactions with implications for aquaculture and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sascha R. Brunner
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada; (S.R.B.); (J.F.A.V.)
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Joseph F. A. Varga
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada; (S.R.B.); (J.F.A.V.)
| | - Brian Dixon
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada; (S.R.B.); (J.F.A.V.)
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12
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Kato G, Isaka Y, Suzuki K, Watanabe S, Izumi S, Nakayasu C, Endo M, Sano M. Immune responses induced by oil-adjuvanted inactivated vaccine against Flavobacterium psychrophilum in ayu Plecoglossus altivelis. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 98:585-594. [PMID: 32004616 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.01.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Oil-adjuvant formulated formalin killed cells of Flavobacterium psychrophilum (FKC + Adj) is strongly effective against bacterial cold-water disease (BCWD) in ayu Plecoglossus altivelis. In this study, we aimed to understand mechanisms underlying the strong protection by the vaccine in ayu. Antibody titer of FKC + Adj and formalin-killed cells (FKC) group was significantly higher than those of modified cytophaga broth injected (MCY) group and MCY with the adjuvant (MCY + Adj) group. The highest antibody titer was observed in FKC + Adj group. Granulomatous inflammation without lymphocyte cuff was observed in the spleen and trunk kidney of FKC + Adj and MCY + Adj group, while the size of the granuloma was bigger in FKC + Adj than in MCY + Adj group. Gene expression level for IL-8 was significantly up-regulated in FKC + Adj group at 4 weeks after the vaccination. In contrast, IL-10 gene expression level was significantly suppressed in FKC + Adj at 4 weeks after the vaccination. F. psychrophilum was almost cleared in the spleen and trunk kidney of FKC + Adj group within 2 days after the challenge. Fluorescent immunohistochemistry showed that a lot of bacterial signals were detected in the spleen and trunk kidney of challenged fish in MCY, FKC and MCY + Adj group. However, the fluorescent signal was not detected in the organs of FKC + Adj group after the challenge. These data suggest that F. psychrophilum is immediately cleared in FKC + Adj vaccinated fish and both specific antibody and activation of phagocytes are essential to clear F. psychrophilum in ayu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goshi Kato
- Department of Marine Biosciences, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Konan 4-5-7, Tokyo, 108-8477, Japan.
| | - Yosuke Isaka
- Department of Marine Biosciences, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Konan 4-5-7, Tokyo, 108-8477, Japan
| | - Kyuma Suzuki
- Gunma Prefectural Fisheries Experiment Station, Shikishima 13, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-0036, Japan
| | - Shun Watanabe
- Gunma Prefectural Fisheries Experiment Station, Shikishima 13, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-0036, Japan
| | - Shotaro Izumi
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Tokai University, Orido 3-20-1, Shimizu, Shizuoka, 424-8610, Japan
| | - Chihaya Nakayasu
- National Research Institute of Aquaculture, Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Nakatsuhamaura 422-1, Minami-Ise, Mie, 516-0193, Japan
| | - Makoto Endo
- Department of Marine Biosciences, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Konan 4-5-7, Tokyo, 108-8477, Japan
| | - Motohiko Sano
- Department of Marine Biosciences, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Konan 4-5-7, Tokyo, 108-8477, Japan
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13
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Martorell Ribera J, Nipkow M, Viergutz T, Brunner RM, Bochert R, Koll R, Goldammer T, Gimsa U, Rebl A. Early response of salmonid head-kidney cells to stress hormones and toll-like receptor ligands. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 98:950-961. [PMID: 31770645 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.11.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The functional spectrum of the teleostean head kidney covers haematopoietic, immune and endocrine signalling pathways with physiological effects that are likely to conflict if activated at the same time. An in vivo experiment on the salmonid fish maraena whitefish (Coregonus maraena) revealed that the head kidney shows a remarkably strong response after injection of Aeromonas salmonicida within 48 h. In order to investigate the potential influence of endocrine signalling on the initiation of immune responses, we established a primary culture of head-kidney cells of maraena whitefish. For the characterisation of this model system, we used flow cytometry complemented with an extensive panel of immunological/haematological and stress-physiological/neuroendocrinological qPCR assays. More than one third of the cells expressed the characteristic signature of myeloid cells, while more than half of the cells expressed those genes typical for lymphocytes and monocytes. In parallel, we quantified the expression of genes encoding endocrine receptors and identified ADRA2D as by far the most highly expressed adrenergic-receptor gene in head-kidney cells. The stimulation of the head-kidney cells with toll-like receptor ligands induced the expression of typical immune genes (IL1B, CXCL8, TNF, SAA) after only 1 h. The incubation with the stress hormones cortisol, adrenaline and noradrenaline also had an immune-activating effect, though less pronounced. However, cortisol had the strongest suppressive effect on the stimulation-induced immune response, while adrenaline exerted a comparably weaker effect and noradrenaline was almost ineffective. Moreover, we found that cortisol reduced the expression of genes coding for adrenergic and some glucocorticoid receptors, while noradrenaline increased it. In conclusion, the primary head-kidney cells of maraena whitefish reflect the immunological and neuroendocrinological diversity of the entire organ. This in vitro system allowed thus identifying the correlative changes between the activities of hormones and immune factors in salmonid fish in order to contribute to a better understanding of the regulation circuit between stress and immune defence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Martorell Ribera
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Genome Biology, Fish Genetics Unit, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany; FBN, Institute of Behavioural Physiology, Psychophysiology Unit, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Mareen Nipkow
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Genome Biology, Fish Genetics Unit, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Torsten Viergutz
- FBN, Institute of Reproductive Biology, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Ronald M Brunner
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Genome Biology, Fish Genetics Unit, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Ralf Bochert
- Research Station Aquaculture Born, Institute of Fisheries, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern Research Centre for Agriculture and Fisheries (LFA MV), Südstraße 8, 18375, Born/Darss, Germany
| | - Raphael Koll
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Genome Biology, Fish Genetics Unit, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Tom Goldammer
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Genome Biology, Fish Genetics Unit, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Ulrike Gimsa
- FBN, Institute of Behavioural Physiology, Psychophysiology Unit, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany.
| | - Alexander Rebl
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Genome Biology, Fish Genetics Unit, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany.
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14
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Bakshi A, Rai U. Reproductive phase-dependent variation, sexually dimorphic expression and sex steroids-mediated transcriptional regulation of lep and lepr in lymphoid organs of Channa punctata. Sci Rep 2020; 10:999. [PMID: 31969648 PMCID: PMC6976713 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-57922-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The reproductive phase-dependent and sex-related differential expression of leptin (lep) and its receptor (lepr) in primary and secondary lymphoid organs of a highly nutritive economically important Channa punctata preempts the involvement of sex steroids in modulating intra-immuno-leptin system. This hypothesis was strengthened when plasma testosterone (T) and estradiol (E2) levels in male and female fish of reproductively active spawning and quiescent phases were correlated with lep and lepr expression in their immune organs. Splenic lep and lepr showed a negative correlation with T in both male and female, while with E2 there was a positive correlation in male and negative in female C. punctata. In head kidney, a contrasting correlation was observed as compared to spleen. To validate the implication of sex steroids in regulating leptin system in immune organs, in vivo and in vitro experiments were performed with DHT and E2. Upon administration, lep and lepr expression in tissues of either sex was downregulated. In addition, in vitro results with either of the sex steroids exemplified their direct involvement. Overall, this study, for the first time, reports correlation between sex steroids and transcript expression of leptin system in immune organs of a seasonally breeding vertebrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Bakshi
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Umesh Rai
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India.
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15
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Pradhan PK, Paria A, Pande V, Verma DK, Arya P, Rathore G, Sood N. Expression of immune genes in Indian major carp, Catla catla challenged with Flavobacterium columnare. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 94:599-606. [PMID: 31542493 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.09.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Revised: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Columnaris disease, caused by Flavobacterium columnare, is one of the important bacterial diseases responsible for large-scale mortalities in numerous freshwater fishes globally. This disease can cause up to 100% mortality within 24 h of infection and is considered to be a cause of concern for aquaculture industry. Despite being a serious disease, scarce information is available regarding host-pathogen interaction, particularly the modulation of different immune genes in response to F. columnare infection. Therefore, in the present study, an attempt has been made to study expression of important immune regulatory genes, namely IL-1β, iNOS, INF-γ, IL-10, TGF-β, C3, MHC-I and MHC-II in gills and kidney of Catla catla following experimental infection with F. columnare. The expression analysis of immune genes revealed that transcript levels of IL-1β, iNOS, IL-10, TGF-β, C3 and MHC-I were significantly up-regulated (p < 0.05) in both the organs of the infected catla. IFN-γ and MHC-II were up-regulated in gills of infected catla whereas, both the genes showed down-regulation in kidney. The results indicate that important immune genes of C. catla are modulated following infection with F. columnare. The knowledge thus generated will strengthen the understanding of molecular pathogenesis of F. columnare in Indian major carp C. catla.
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Affiliation(s)
- P K Pradhan
- ICAR-National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Canal Ring Road, P.O. Dilkusha, Lucknow, 226002, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Anutosh Paria
- ICAR-National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Canal Ring Road, P.O. Dilkusha, Lucknow, 226002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Veena Pande
- Department of Biotechnology, Kumaun University, Nainital, 263136, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Dev K Verma
- ICAR-National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Canal Ring Road, P.O. Dilkusha, Lucknow, 226002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - P Arya
- ICAR-National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Canal Ring Road, P.O. Dilkusha, Lucknow, 226002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - G Rathore
- ICAR-National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Canal Ring Road, P.O. Dilkusha, Lucknow, 226002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - N Sood
- ICAR-National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Canal Ring Road, P.O. Dilkusha, Lucknow, 226002, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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