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Zikou E, Koliaki C, Makrilakis K. The Role of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT) in the Management of Metabolic Diseases in Humans: A Narrative Review. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1871. [PMID: 39200335 PMCID: PMC11352194 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12081871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2024] [Revised: 08/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota represents a complex ecosystem of trillions of microorganisms residing in the human gastrointestinal tract, which is known to interact with the host physiology and regulate multiple functions. Alterations in gut microbial composition, diversity, and function are referred to as dysbiosis. Dysbiosis has been associated with a variety of chronic diseases, including Clostridioides difficile infections, but also cardiometabolic diseases, including obesity, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The implication of gut microbiota dysbiosis in the pathogenesis of both obesity and T2DM has paved the way to implementing novel therapeutic approaches for metabolic diseases through gut microbial reconfiguration. These interventions include probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics, while a more innovative approach has been fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT). FMT is a procedure that delivers healthy human donor stool to another individual through the gastrointestinal tract, aiming to restore gut microbiota balance. Several studies have investigated this approach as a potential tool to mitigate the adverse metabolic effects of gut microbiota aberrations associated with obesity and T2DM. The aim of the present review was to critically summarize the existing evidence regarding the clinical applications of FMT in the management of obesity and T2DM and provide an update on the potential of this method to remodel the entire host microbiota, leading thus to weight loss and sustained metabolic benefits. Safety issues, long-term efficacy, limitations, and pitfalls associated with FMT studies are further discussed, emphasizing the need for further research and standardization in certain methodological aspects in order to optimize metabolic outcomes.
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Ye K, Zhao Y, Huang W, Zhu Y. Sodium butyrate improves renal injury in diabetic nephropathy through AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α signaling pathway. Sci Rep 2024; 14:17867. [PMID: 39090182 PMCID: PMC11294604 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-68227-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a prototypical chronic energy metabolism imbalance disease. The AMPK/Sirt1/PGC-1α signaling pathway plays a pivotal role in regulating energy metabolism throughout the body. Gut microbiota ferment indigestible carbohydrates to produce a variety of metabolites, particularly short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which exert positive effects on energy metabolism. However, the potential for SCFAs to ameliorate DN-associated renal injury via the AMPK/Sirt1/PGC-1α pathway remains a matter of debate. In this study, we investigated the effects of sodium butyrate (NaB), a SCFA, on energy metabolism in mice with spontaneous DN at two different doses. Body weight, blood glucose and lipid levels, urinary protein excretion, liver and kidney function, interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels, and the expressions of AMPK, phosphorylated AMPK (p-AMPK), mitofusin 2 (MFN2), optic atrophy 1 (OPA1), and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) were monitored in mice. Additionally, butyrate levels, gut microbiota composition, and diversity in colonic stool were also assessed. Our findings demonstrate that exogenous NaB supplementation can improve hyperglycemia and albuminuria, reduce renal tissue inflammation, inhibit extracellular matrix accumulation and glomerular hypertrophy, and could alter the gut microbiota composition in DN. Furthermore, NaB was found to upregulate the expressions of MFN2, OPA1, p-AMPK, and GLP-1R in DN renal tissue. These results suggest that NaB could improve the composition of gut microbiota in DN, activate the AMPK/Sirt1/PGC-1α signaling pathway, and enhance mitochondrial function to regulate energy metabolism throughout the body. Collectively, our findings indicate that NaB may be a novel therapeutic agent for the treatment of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaili Ye
- Department of Hematology of Wenzhou People's Hospital, The Wenzhou Third Clinical Institute Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, No. 299, Guan Road, Louqiao Street, Ouhai District, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Yanling Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Wen Huang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Yonglin Zhu
- Department of Hematology of Wenzhou People's Hospital, The Wenzhou Third Clinical Institute Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, No. 299, Guan Road, Louqiao Street, Ouhai District, Wenzhou, 325000, China.
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Kim B, Lee Y, Lee C, Jung ES, Kang H, Holzapfel WH. Comprehensive Amelioration of Metabolic Dysfunction through Administration of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum APsulloc 331261 (GTB1™) in High-Fat-Diet-Fed Mice. Foods 2024; 13:2227. [PMID: 39063311 PMCID: PMC11276112 DOI: 10.3390/foods13142227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The beneficial effects of probiotics for the improvement of metabolic disorders have been studied intensively; however, these effects are evident in a probiotic strain-specific and disease-specific manner. Thus, it is still essential to evaluate the efficacy of each strain against a target disease. Here, we present an anti-obese and anti-diabetic probiotic strain, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum APsulloc331261 (GTB1™), which was isolated from green tea and tested for safety previously. In high-fat-diet-induced obese mice, GTB1™ exerted multiple beneficial effects, including significant reductions in adiposity, glucose intolerance, and dyslipidemia, which were further supported by improvements in levels of circulating hormones and adipokines. Lipid metabolism in adipose tissues was restored through the activation of PPAR/PGC1α signaling by GTB1™ treatment, which was facilitated by intestinal microbiota composition changes and short-chain fatty acid production. Our findings provide evidence to suggest that GTB1™ is a potential candidate for probiotic supplementation for comprehensive improvement in metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bobae Kim
- Basic Research Center, HEM Pharma Inc., Pohang 37554, Republic of Korea; (B.K.); (Y.L.); (C.L.)
- Department of Advanced Convergence, Handong Global University, Pohang 37554, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuri Lee
- Basic Research Center, HEM Pharma Inc., Pohang 37554, Republic of Korea; (B.K.); (Y.L.); (C.L.)
- Department of Advanced Convergence, Handong Global University, Pohang 37554, Republic of Korea
| | - Chungho Lee
- Basic Research Center, HEM Pharma Inc., Pohang 37554, Republic of Korea; (B.K.); (Y.L.); (C.L.)
| | - Eun Sung Jung
- Multi-Omics Center, HEM Pharma Inc., Suwon 16229, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hyeji Kang
- Basic Research Center, HEM Pharma Inc., Pohang 37554, Republic of Korea; (B.K.); (Y.L.); (C.L.)
- Global Green Research Institute, Handong Global University, Pohang 37554, Republic of Korea
| | - Wilhelm H. Holzapfel
- Basic Research Center, HEM Pharma Inc., Pohang 37554, Republic of Korea; (B.K.); (Y.L.); (C.L.)
- Department of Advanced Convergence, Handong Global University, Pohang 37554, Republic of Korea
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Harahap IA, Moszak M, Czlapka-Matyasik M, Skrypnik K, Bogdański P, Suliburska J. Effects of daily probiotic supplementation with Lactobacillus acidophilus on calcium status, bone metabolism biomarkers, and bone mineral density in postmenopausal women: a controlled and randomized clinical study. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1401920. [PMID: 39010860 PMCID: PMC11247006 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1401920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Menopause poses significant health risks for women, particularly an increased vulnerability to fractures associated with osteoporosis. Dietary interventions have emerged as promising strategies, focusing on mitigating the risk of osteoporosis rather than solely addressing the established disease. This 12-week randomized controlled trial aimed to analyze the effects of consuming Lactobacillus acidophilus probiotics on calcium levels, biomarkers of bone metabolism, and bone mineral density (BMD) profiles in postmenopausal women. Methods Fifty-five participants were randomly assigned to receive either a placebo (n = 25) or the probiotic L. acidophilus UALa-01™ (n = 30) daily via oral intervention. Throughout the study, evaluations included body composition, blood biochemical parameters, serum calcium levels, and biomarkers of bone metabolism. Additionally, Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was used to measure BMD profiles. Results The findings delineated that the probiotic group experienced a decrease in serum calcium levels compared to their initial levels. However, hair calcium levels and biomarkers related to bone metabolism showed no notable changes within this group. Consumption of probiotic L. acidophilus also seemed to prevent fluctuations in bone turnover markers. Moreover, there were no significant alterations in BMD levels at the lumbar spine, left femur, and total body in the probiotic group. Additionally, probiotic intake led to favorable outcomes by significantly reducing both body fat and visceral fat during the intervention period. Conversely, an adverse effect of consuming probiotic L. acidophilus was observed with a significant increase in glucose concentration. Conclusion In conclusion, the consumption of L. acidophilus probiotics daily for 12 weeks among postmenopausal women does not affect the profile of BMD, but it may help in stabilizing bone turnover. It is important to note that most measured parameters were within the normal range for this population. However, it is worth noting that 3 months of probiotic supplementation could potentially disrupt calcium and glucose status in postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iskandar Azmy Harahap
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Moszak
- Department of Treatment of Obesity, Metabolic Disorders and Clinical Dietetics, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Magdalena Czlapka-Matyasik
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Skrypnik
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Paweł Bogdański
- Department of Treatment of Obesity, Metabolic Disorders and Clinical Dietetics, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Joanna Suliburska
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
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Kallapura G, Prakash AS, Sankaran K, Manjappa P, Chaudhary P, Ambhore S, Dhar D. Microbiota based personalized nutrition improves hyperglycaemia and hypertension parameters and reduces inflammation: a prospective, open label, controlled, randomized, comparative, proof of concept study. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17583. [PMID: 38948211 PMCID: PMC11214429 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Recent studies suggest that gut microbiota composition, abundance and diversity can influence many chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes. Modulating gut microbiota through targeted nutrition can provide beneficial effects leading to the concept of personalized nutrition for health improvement. In this prospective clinical trial, we evaluated the impact of a microbiome-based targeted personalized diet on hyperglycaemic and hyperlipidaemic individuals. Specifically, BugSpeaks®-a microbiome profile test that profiles microbiota using next generation sequencing and provides personalized nutritional recommendation based on the individual microbiota profile was evaluated. Methods A total of 30 participants with type 2 diabetes and hyperlipidaemia were recruited for this study. The microbiome profile of the 15 participants (test arm) was evaluated using whole genome shotgun metagenomics and personalized nutritional recommendations based on their microbiota profile were provided. The remaining 15 participants (control arm) were provided with diabetic nutritional guidance for 3 months. Clinical and anthropometric parameters such as HbA1c, systolic/diastolic pressure, c-reactive protein levels and microbiota composition were measured and compared during the study. Results The test arm (microbiome-based nutrition) showed a statistically significant decrease in HbA1c level from 8.30 (95% confidence interval (CI), [7.74-8.85]) to 6.67 (95% CI [6.2-7.05]), p < 0.001 after 90 days. The test arm also showed a 5% decline in the systolic pressure whereas the control arm showed a 7% increase. Incidentally, a sub-cohort of the test arm of patients with >130 mm Hg systolic pressure showed a statistically significant decrease of systolic pressure by 14%. Interestingly, CRP level was also found to drop by 19.5%. Alpha diversity measures showed a significant increase in Shannon diversity measure (p < 0.05), after the microbiome-based personalized dietary intervention. The intervention led to a minimum two-fold (Log2 fold change increase in species like Phascolarctobacterium succinatutens, Bifidobacterium angulatum, and Levilactobacillus brevis which might have a beneficial role in the current context and a similar decrease in species like Alistipes finegoldii, and Sutterella faecalis which have been earlier shown to have some negative effects in the host. Overall, the study indicated a net positive impact of the microbiota based personalized dietary regime on the gut microbiome and correlated clinical parameters.
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Teo YQJ, Chong B, Soong RY, Yong CL, Chew NW, Chew HSJ. Effects of probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics on anthropometric, cardiometabolic and inflammatory markers: An umbrella review of meta-analyses. Clin Nutr 2024; 43:1563-1583. [PMID: 38754308 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2024.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Though probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics have been shown to confer health benefits, their effects on cardiometabolic risk factors remain unclear. Therefore, we conducted an umbrella review to examine their effectiveness on anthropometric, cardiometabolic and inflammatory markers. METHODS We conducted an umbrella review on eligible systematic reviews with meta-analysis (SRMA) published from journals' inception till 13 January 2023 retrieved from seven electronic databases (CINAHL, EMBASE, ProQuest, PubMed, Scopus, The Cochrane Library, and Web of Science). Methodological quality was appraised using the Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews 2 (AMSTAR2) tool and certainty of evidence was graded into five classes. Random-effects meta-analyses were performed on outcome effect sizes at the SRMA and primary study levels. Extent of overlapping articles were evaluated using corrected cover area. RESULTS 24 systematic reviews representing 265 unique studies, 1076 unique effect sizes and 25,973 subjects were included. Synbiotics were evidently more effective in improving weight (-1.91 kg, 95%CI -3.45 kg to -0.37 kg, p = 0.02), total cholesterol (-12.17 mg/dl, 95%CI -17.89 mg/dl to -6.46 mg/dl, p < 0.001), low-density lipoprotein (-12.26 mg/dl, 95%CI -18.27 mg/dl to -6.25 mg/dl, p < 0.01), waist circumference (-1.85 cm, 95%CI -2.77 cm to -0.94 cm, p < 0.01), and fasting plasma glucose (-9.68 mg/dl, 95%CI -16.18 mg/dl to -3.18 mg/dl, p < 0.01). Prebiotics were more effective in improving body mass index (-0.34 kg/m2, 95%CI -0.48 kg/m2 to -0.20 kg/m2, p < 0.01), and HOMA-IR (-0.92, 95%CI -1.91 to 0.07, p = 0.06). Probiotics were shown to be more effective in reducing diastolic blood pressure (-1.34 mmHg, 95%CI -2.14 mmHg to -0.55 mmHg, P < 0.01) improving insulin level change (-0.84 mIU/mL, 95%CI -1.27 mIU/mL to -0.41 mIU/mL, p < 0.01), and the percentage of body fat (-0.66%, 95%CI -0.70% to -0.61%, p < 0.01). For all outcomes, the credibility of evidence was classified as class IV. CONCLUSION Pre-, pro-, and synbiotics can significantly enhance anthropometric indices, glucose and lipid profiles, blood pressure, and inflammatory markers in individuals confronting obesity. While suggesting their supplementation holds promise for this population, the true clinical impact hinges on tailoring these interventions to specific indications and customizing treatment strategies to align with individual patient needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Qing Jolene Teo
- University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Ireland
| | - Bryan Chong
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rou Yi Soong
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Cai Ling Yong
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nicholas Ws Chew
- Department of Cardiology, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | - Han Shi Jocelyn Chew
- Alice Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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Jiang Y, Pang S, Liu X, Wang L, Liu Y. The Gut Microbiome Affects Atherosclerosis by Regulating Reverse Cholesterol Transport. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2024; 17:624-637. [PMID: 38231373 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-024-10480-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
The human system's secret organ, the gut microbiome, has received considerable attention. Emerging research has yielded substantial scientific evidence indicating that changes in gut microbial composition and microbial metabolites may contribute to the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. The burden of cardiovascular disease on healthcare systems is exacerbated by atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, which continues to be the leading cause of mortality globally. Reverse cholesterol transport is a powerful protective mechanism that effectively prevents excessive accumulation of cholesterol for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. It has been revealed how the gut microbiota modulates reverse cholesterol transport in patients with atherosclerotic risk. In this review, we highlight the complex interactions between microbes, their metabolites, and their potential impacts in reverse cholesterol transport. We also explore the feasibility of modulating gut microbes and metabolites to facilitate reverse cholesterol transport as a novel therapy for atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Jiang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300193, China
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuchao Pang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300193, China.
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300193, China
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Lixin Wang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300193, China
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yi Liu
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300193, China.
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Hassan NE, El-Masry SA, El Shebini SM, Ahmed NH, Mehanna NS, Abdel Wahed MM, Amine D, Hashish A, Selim M, Afify MAS, Alian K. Effect of weight loss program using prebiotics and probiotics on body composition, physique, and metabolic products: longitudinal intervention study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10960. [PMID: 38744950 PMCID: PMC11094057 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61130-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The relationship between gut microbiota and obesity has recently been an important subject for research as the gut microbiota is thought to affect body homeostasis including body weight and composition, intervening with pro and prebiotics is an intelligent possible way for obesity management. To evaluate the effect of hypo caloric adequate fiber regimen with probiotic supplementation and physical exercise, whether it will have a good impact on health, body composition, and physique among obese Egyptian women or has no significant effect. The enrolled 58 women, in this longitudinal follow-up intervention study; followed a weight loss eating regimen (prebiotic), including a low-carbohydrate adequate-fiber adequate-protein dietary pattern with decreased energy intake. They additionally received daily probiotic supplements in the form of yogurt and were instructed to exercise regularly for 3 months. Anthropometric measurements, body composition, laboratory investigations, and microbiota analysis were obtained before and after the 3 months weight loss program. Statistically highly significant differences in the anthropometry, body composition parameters: and obesity-related biomarkers (Leptin, ALT, and AST) between the pre and post-follow-up measurements at the end of the study as they were all decreased. The prebiotic and probiotic supplementation induced statistically highly significant alterations in the composition of the gut microbiota with increased relative abundance of Lactobacillus, Bifidobacteria, and Bacteroidetes and decreased relative abundance of Firmicutes and Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes Ratio. Hypo caloric adequate fiber regimen diet with probiotics positively impacts body composition and is effective for weight loss normalizing serum Leptin and AST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayera E Hassan
- Biological Anthropology Department, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, 33 El-Buhouth St., Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Sahar A El-Masry
- Biological Anthropology Department, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, 33 El-Buhouth St., Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt.
| | - Salwa M El Shebini
- Nutrition and Food Science Department, Nutrition and Food Science Institute, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Nihad H Ahmed
- Nutrition and Food Science Department, Nutrition and Food Science Institute, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Nayra Sh Mehanna
- Dairy Science Department, Nutrition and Food Science Institute, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mai Magdy Abdel Wahed
- Clinical and Chemical Pathology Department, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Darine Amine
- Biological Anthropology Department, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, 33 El-Buhouth St., Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Adel Hashish
- Children with Special Needs Department, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Selim
- Researches and Applications of Complementary Medicine Department, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A S Afify
- Biological Anthropology Department, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, 33 El-Buhouth St., Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Khadija Alian
- Biological Anthropology Department, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, 33 El-Buhouth St., Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
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Meng X, Shi M, Guo G, Xing J, Liu Z, Song F, Liu S. In-depth investigation of the therapeutic effect of Tribulus terrestris L. on type 2 diabetes based on intestinal microbiota and feces metabolomics. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 325:117815. [PMID: 38309487 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The fruit of Tribulus terrestris L. (TT) is extensively documented in the Tibetan medical literature 'Si Bu Yi Dian', has been used to treat diabetes mellitus for more than a thousand years. However, the underlying mechanisms and comprehensive effects of TT on diabetes have yet to be investigated. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of the study was to systemically elucidate the potential mechanisms of TT in treating diabetes mellitus, and further investigate the therapeutic effects of the water extract, small molecular components and saccharides from TT. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fecal metabolomics was employed to draw the metabolic profile based on UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS. The V3-V4 hypervariable regions of the bacteria 16S rRNA gene were amplified to explore the structural changes of the intestinal microbiome after TT intervention and to analyze the differential microbiota. The microbial metabolites SCFAs were determined by GC-MS, and the BAs and tryptophan metabolites were quantified by UPLC-TQ-MS. Spearman correlation analysis was carried out to comprehensively investigate the relationship among the endogenous metabolites profile, intestinal microbiota and their metabolites. RESULTS TT exhibited remarkably therapeutic effect on T2DM rats, as evidenced by improved glucolipid metabolism and intestinal barrier integrity, ameliorated inflammation and remission in insulin resistance. A total of 24 endogenous biomarkers were screened through fecal metabolomics studies, which were mainly related to tryptophan metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, bile acid metabolism, steroid hormone biosynthesis and arachidonic acid metabolism. Investigations on microbiomics revealed that TT significantly modulated 18 differential bacterial genera and reversed the disordered gut microbial in diabetes rats. Moreover, TT notably altered the content of gut microbiota metabolites, both in serum and fecal samples. Significant correlation among microbial community, metabolites and T2DM-related indicators was revealed. CONCLUSIONS The multiple components of TT regulate the metabolic homeostasis of the organism and the balance of intestinal microbiota and its metabolites, which might mediate the anti-diabetic capacity of TT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, National Center of Mass Spectrometry in Changchun and Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 130022, Changchun, China; School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026, Hefei, China.
| | - Minjie Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, National Center of Mass Spectrometry in Changchun and Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 130022, Changchun, China; School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026, Hefei, China.
| | - Guangpeng Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, National Center of Mass Spectrometry in Changchun and Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 130022, Changchun, China; School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026, Hefei, China.
| | - Junpeng Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, National Center of Mass Spectrometry in Changchun and Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 130022, Changchun, China.
| | - Zhiqiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, National Center of Mass Spectrometry in Changchun and Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 130022, Changchun, China.
| | - Fengrui Song
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, National Center of Mass Spectrometry in Changchun and Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 130022, Changchun, China; School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026, Hefei, China.
| | - Shu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, National Center of Mass Spectrometry in Changchun and Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 130022, Changchun, China; School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026, Hefei, China.
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10
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Murali SK, Mansell TJ. Next generation probiotics: Engineering live biotherapeutics. Biotechnol Adv 2024; 72:108336. [PMID: 38432422 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2024.108336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
The population dynamics of the human microbiome have been associated with inflammatory bowel disease, cancer, obesity, autoimmune diseases, and many other human disease states. An emerging paradigm in treatment is the administration of live engineered organisms, also called next-generation probiotics. However, the efficacy of these microbial therapies can be limited by the organism's overall performance in the harsh and nutrient-limited environment of the gut. In this review, we summarize the current state of the art use of bacterial and yeast strains as probiotics, highlight the recent development of genetic tools for engineering new therapeutic functions in these organisms, and report on the latest therapeutic applications of engineered probiotics, including recent clinical trials. We also discuss the supplementation of prebiotics as a method of manipulating the microbiome and improving the overall performance of engineered live biotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjeeva Kumar Murali
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
| | - Thomas J Mansell
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; Interdepartmental Microbiology Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
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11
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Cai L, Huang Y, Li X, Cao D, Liu F. Effects of dietary intervention on diabetic nephropathy: an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1385872. [PMID: 38742202 PMCID: PMC11089238 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1385872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the quality of evidence, potential biases, and validity of all available studies on dietary intervention and diabetic nephropathy (DN). Methods We conducted an umbrella review of existing meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that focused on the effects of dietary intervention on DN incidence. The literature was searched via PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. According to the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE), evidence of each outcome was evaluated and graded as "high", "moderate", "low" or "very low" quality to draw conclusions. Additionally, we classified evidence of outcomes into 4 categories. Results We identified 36 meta-analyses of RCTs and 55 clinical outcomes of DN from 395 unique articles. Moderate-quality evidence suggested that probiotic supplementation could significantly improve blood urea nitrogen (BUN), total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels in DN patients. Low-quality evidence indicated that probiotic supplementation significantly improved the serum creatinine concentration, urinary albumin-creatinine ratio (UACR), fasting blood glucose (FBG), HbA1c and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in DN patients. In addition, low-quality evidence suggested that a salt restriction diet could significantly improve the creatinine clearance rate (CrCl) in patients with DN. Low-quality evidence suggested that vitamin D supplementation could significantly improve the UACR in patients with DN. In addition, low-quality evidence has indicated that soy isoflavone supplementation could significantly improve BUN, FBG, total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG) and LDL-C levels in patients with DN. Furthermore, low-quality evidence suggested that coenzyme Q10 supplementation could significantly improve HbA1c, TC and HDL-C in patients with DN, and dietary polyphenols also significantly improved HbA1c in patients with DN. Finally, low-quality evidence suggested that supplementation with antioxidant vitamins could significantly improve the serum creatinine concentration, systolic blood pressure, and HbA1c level in patients with DN. Given the small sample size, all significantly associated outcomes were evaluated as class IV evidence. Conclusion Moderate to low amounts of evidence suggest that supplementation with probiotics, vitamin D, soy isoflavones, coenzyme Q10, dietary polyphenols, antioxidant vitamins, or salt-restricted diets may significantly improve clinical outcomes in patients with DN. Systematic Review Registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, identifier CRD42024512670.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linli Cai
- Department of Nephrology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yin Huang
- Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xingyuan Li
- Department of Nephrology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dehong Cao
- Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Urology, Karamay People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Karamay, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Nephrology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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12
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Yoo S, Jung SC, Kwak K, Kim JS. The Role of Prebiotics in Modulating Gut Microbiota: Implications for Human Health. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4834. [PMID: 38732060 PMCID: PMC11084426 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The human gut microbiota, an intricate ecosystem within the gastrointestinal tract, plays a pivotal role in health and disease. Prebiotics, non-digestible food ingredients that beneficially affect the host by selectively stimulating the growth and/or activity of beneficial microorganisms, have emerged as a key modulator of this complex microbial community. This review article explores the evolution of the prebiotic concept, delineates various types of prebiotics, including fructans, galactooligosaccharides, xylooligosaccharides, chitooligosaccharides, lactulose, resistant starch, and polyphenols, and elucidates their impact on the gut microbiota composition. We delve into the mechanisms through which prebiotics exert their effects, particularly focusing on producing short-chain fatty acids and modulating the gut microbiota towards a health-promoting composition. The implications of prebiotics on human health are extensively reviewed, focusing on conditions such as obesity, inflammatory bowel disease, immune function, and mental health. The review further discusses the emerging concept of synbiotics-combinations of prebiotics and probiotics that synergistically enhance gut health-and highlights the market potential of prebiotics in response to a growing demand for functional foods. By consolidating current knowledge and identifying areas for future research, this review aims to enhance understanding of prebiotics' role in health and disease, underscoring their importance in maintaining a healthy gut microbiome and overall well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suyeon Yoo
- Department of Nano-Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk-Chae Jung
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Kihyuck Kwak
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Sciences, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Seob Kim
- Department of Nano-Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
- Institute for New Drug Development, College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
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13
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Saadh MJ, Ahmed HM, Alani ZK, Al Zuhairi RAH, Almarhoon ZM, Ahmad H, Ubaid M, Alwan NH. The Role of Gut-derived Short-Chain Fatty Acids in Multiple Sclerosis. Neuromolecular Med 2024; 26:14. [PMID: 38630350 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-024-08783-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic condition affecting the central nervous system (CNS), where the interplay of genetic and environmental factors influences its pathophysiology, triggering immune responses and instigating inflammation. Contemporary research has been notably dedicated to investigating the contributions of gut microbiota and their metabolites in modulating inflammatory reactions within the CNS. Recent recognition of the gut microbiome and dietary patterns as environmental elements impacting MS development emphasizes the potential influence of small, ubiquitous molecules from microbiota, such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). These molecules may serve as vital molecular signals or metabolic substances regulating host cellular metabolism in the intricate interplay between microbiota and the host. A current emphasis lies on optimizing the health-promoting attributes of colonic bacteria to mitigate urinary tract issues through dietary management. This review aims to spotlight recent investigations on the impact of SCFAs on immune cells pivotal in MS, the involvement of gut microbiota and SCFAs in MS development, and the considerable influence of probiotics on gastrointestinal disruptions in MS. Comprehending the gut-CNS connection holds promise for the development of innovative therapeutic approaches, particularly probiotic-based supplements, for managing MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed J Saadh
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Middle East University, Amman, 11831, Jordan
| | - Hani Moslem Ahmed
- Department of Dental Industry Techniques, Al-Noor University College, Nineveh, Iraq
| | - Zaid Khalid Alani
- College of Health and Medical Technical, Al-Bayan University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | | | - Zainab M Almarhoon
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hijaz Ahmad
- Section of Mathematics, International Telematic University Uninettuno, Corso Vittorio Emanuele II, 39, 00186, Rome, Italy.
- Center for Applied Mathematics and Bioinformatics, Gulf University for Science and Technology, Mubarak Al-Abdullah, Kuwait.
- Department of Computer Science and Mathematics, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Mohammed Ubaid
- Medical Technical College, Al-Farahidi University, Baghdad, Iraq
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14
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Nehmi‐Filho V, de Freitas JA, Franco LA, Martins RC, Turri JAO, Santamarina AB, Fonseca JVDS, Sabino EC, Moraes BC, Souza E, Murata GM, Costa SF, Alcântara PS, Otoch JP, Pessoa AFM. Modulation of the gut microbiome and Firmicutes phylum reduction by a nutraceutical blend in the obesity mouse model and overweight humans: A double-blind clinical trial. Food Sci Nutr 2024; 12:2436-2454. [PMID: 38628220 PMCID: PMC11016419 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Overweight and obesity are closely linked to gut dysbiosis/dysmetabolism and disrupted De-Ritis ratio [aspartate aminotransferase (AST)/alanine aminotransferase (ALT) ratio], which may contribute to chronic noncommunicable diseases onset. Concurrently, extensive research explores nutraceuticals, and health-enhancing supplements, for disease prevention or treatment. Thus, sedentary overweight volunteers were double-blind randomized into two groups: Novel Nutraceutical_(S) (without silymarin) and Novel Nutraceutical (with silymarin). Experimental formulations were orally administered twice daily over 180 consecutive days. We evaluated fecal gut microbiota, based on partial 16S rRNA sequences, biochemistry and endocrine markers, steatosis biomarker (AST/ALT ratio), and anthropometric parameters. Post-supplementation, only the Novel Nutraceutical group reduced Clostridium clostridioforme (Firmicutes), Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio (F/B ratio), and De-Ritis ratio, while elevating Bacteroides caccae and Bacteroides uniformis (Bacteroidetes) in Brazilian sedentary overweight volunteers after 180 days. In summary, the results presented here allow us to suggest the gut microbiota as the action mechanism of the Novel Nutraceutical promoting metabolic hepatic recovery in obesity/overweight non-drug interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Nehmi‐Filho
- Laboratório de Investigação Médica (LIM‐26), Laboratório de Produtos e Derivados Naturais, Departamento de CirurgiaUniversidade de São Paulo Faculdade de MedicinaPacaembuBrazil
| | - Jessica Alves de Freitas
- Laboratório de Investigação Médica (LIM‐26), Laboratório de Produtos e Derivados Naturais, Departamento de CirurgiaUniversidade de São Paulo Faculdade de MedicinaPacaembuBrazil
| | - Lucas Augusto Franco
- Departamento de Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Laboratório de Parasitologia Médica (LIM‐46)Universidade de São Paulo Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São PauloJardim AmericaBrazil
| | - Roberta Cristina Martins
- Departamento de Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Laboratório de Parasitologia Médica (LIM‐46)Universidade de São Paulo Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São PauloJardim AmericaBrazil
| | - José Antônio Orellana Turri
- Departamento de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia, Grupo de Pesquisa em Economia da SaúdeUniversidade de São Paulo Faculdade de MedicinaPacaembuBrazil
| | - Aline Boveto Santamarina
- Laboratório de Investigação Médica (LIM‐26), Laboratório de Produtos e Derivados Naturais, Departamento de CirurgiaUniversidade de São Paulo Faculdade de MedicinaPacaembuBrazil
| | - Joyce Vanessa da Silva Fonseca
- Departamento de Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Laboratório de Investigação Médica em Protozoologia, Bacteriologia e Resistência Antimicrobiana (LIM‐49)Universidade de São Paulo Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São PauloJardim AmericaBrazil
| | - Ester Cerdeira Sabino
- Departamento de Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Laboratório de Parasitologia Médica (LIM‐46)Universidade de São Paulo Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São PauloJardim AmericaBrazil
| | - Bruna Carvalho Moraes
- Laboratório de Investigação Médica (LIM‐31), Laboratório Investigação Médica em Patogênese e Terapia dirigida em Onco‐Imuno‐HematologiaUniversidade de São Paulo Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo Hospital das ClínicasCerqueira CésarBrazil
| | | | - Gilson Masahiro Murata
- Laboratório de Investigação Médica (LIM‐29), Laboratório de Nefrologia Celular, Genética e Molecular, Departamento de Clínica MédicaUniversidade de São Paulo Faculdade de MedicinaPacaembuBrazil
| | - Silvia Figueiredo Costa
- Departamento de Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Laboratório de Investigação Médica em Protozoologia, Bacteriologia e Resistência Antimicrobiana (LIM‐49)Universidade de São Paulo Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São PauloJardim AmericaBrazil
| | - Paulo Sérgio Alcântara
- Departamento de CirurgiaUniversidade de São Paulo Hospital Universitário de São PauloButantãBrazil
| | - José Pinhata Otoch
- Laboratório de Investigação Médica (LIM‐26), Laboratório de Produtos e Derivados Naturais, Departamento de CirurgiaUniversidade de São Paulo Faculdade de MedicinaPacaembuBrazil
- Departamento de CirurgiaUniversidade de São Paulo Hospital Universitário de São PauloButantãBrazil
| | - Ana Flávia Marçal Pessoa
- Laboratório de Investigação Médica (LIM‐26), Laboratório de Produtos e Derivados Naturais, Departamento de CirurgiaUniversidade de São Paulo Faculdade de MedicinaPacaembuBrazil
- Efeom NutritionUniversidade de São Paulo Faculdade de MedicinaPacaembuBrazil
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15
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Hernández-Martín M, Bocanegra A, Garcimartín A, Issa JÁ, Redondo-Castillejo R, Macho-González A, Benedí J, Sánchez Muniz FJ, López-Oliva ME. Analysis of immunohistomorphological changes in the colonic mucosa in a high-saturated fat and high-cholesterol fed streptozotocin/nicotinamide diabetic rat model. Methods Cell Biol 2024; 185:165-195. [PMID: 38556447 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2024.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
The mucosal surface of gastrointestinal tract is lined with epithelial cells that establish an effective barrier between the lumen and internal environment through intercellular junctions, preventing the passage of potentially harmful substances. The "intestinal barrier function" consist of a defensive system that prevent the passage of antigens, toxins, and microbial products, while maintains the correct development of the epithelial barrier, the immune system and the acquisition of tolerance toward dietary antigens and intestinal microbiota. Intestinal morphology changes subsequent to nutritional variations, stress, aging or diseases, which can also affect the composition of the microbiota, altering the homeostasis of the intestine. A growing body of evidence suggests that alterations in intestinal barrier function favor the development of exaggerated immune responses, leading to metabolic endotoxemia, which seems to be the origin of many chronic metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Although the mechanisms are still unknown, the interaction between dietary patterns, gut microbiota, intestinal mucosa, and metabolic inflammation seems to be a key factor for the development of T2DM, among other diseases. This chapter details the different techniques that allow evaluating the morphological and molecular alterations that lead of the intestinal barrier dysfunction in a T2DM experimental model. To induce both diabetic metabolic disturbances and gut barrier disruption, Wistar rats were fed a high-saturated fat and high-cholesterol diet and received a single dose of streptozotocin/nicotinamide. This animal model may contribute to clarify the understanding of the role of intestinal barrier dysfunction on the late-stage T2DM etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Hernández-Martín
- Departmental Section of Physiology, Pharmacy School, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain; AFUSAN Group, Sanitary Research Institute of the San Carlos Clinical Hospital (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Aránzazu Bocanegra
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy School, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain; AFUSAN Group, Sanitary Research Institute of the San Carlos Clinical Hospital (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alba Garcimartín
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy School, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain; AFUSAN Group, Sanitary Research Institute of the San Carlos Clinical Hospital (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jousef Ángel Issa
- Departmental Section of Physiology, Pharmacy School, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocío Redondo-Castillejo
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy School, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain; AFUSAN Group, Sanitary Research Institute of the San Carlos Clinical Hospital (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Adrián Macho-González
- AFUSAN Group, Sanitary Research Institute of the San Carlos Clinical Hospital (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain; Department of Nutrition, Pharmacy School, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juana Benedí
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy School, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain; AFUSAN Group, Sanitary Research Institute of the San Carlos Clinical Hospital (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco José Sánchez Muniz
- AFUSAN Group, Sanitary Research Institute of the San Carlos Clinical Hospital (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain; Department of Nutrition, Pharmacy School, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Elvira López-Oliva
- Departmental Section of Physiology, Pharmacy School, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain; AFUSAN Group, Sanitary Research Institute of the San Carlos Clinical Hospital (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain.
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16
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Hong J, Fu T, Liu W, Du Y, Bu J, Wei G, Yu M, Lin Y, Min C, Lin D. An Update on the Role and Potential Molecules in Relation to Ruminococcus gnavus in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Obesity and Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2024; 17:1235-1248. [PMID: 38496006 PMCID: PMC10942254 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s456173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Ruminococcus gnavus (R. gnavus) is a gram-positive anaerobe commonly resides in the human gut microbiota. The advent of metagenomics has linked R. gnavus with various diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), obesity, and diabetes mellitus (DM), which has become a growing area of investigation. The initial focus of research primarily centered on assessing the abundance of R. gnavus and its potential association with disease presentation, taking into account variations in sample size, sequencing and analysis methods. However, recent investigations have shifted towards elucidating the underlying mechanistic pathways through which R. gnavus may contribute to disease manifestation. In this comprehensive review, we aim to provide an updated synthesis of the current literature on R. gnavus in the context of IBD, obesity, and DM. We critically analyze relevant studies and summarize the potential molecular mediators implicated in the association between R. gnavus and these diseases. Across numerous studies, various molecules such as methylation-controlled J (MCJ), glucopolysaccharides, ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), interleukin(IL)-10, IL-17, and capric acid have been proposed as potential contributors to the link between R. gnavus and IBD. Similarly, in the realm of obesity, molecules such as hydrogen peroxide, butyrate, and UDCA have been suggested as potential mediators, while glycine ursodeoxycholic acid (GUDCA) has been implicated in the connection between R. gnavus and DM. Furthermore, it is imperative to emphasize the necessity for additional studies to evaluate the potential efficacy of targeting pathways associated with R. gnavus as a viable strategy for managing these diseases. These findings have significantly expanded our understanding of the functional role of R. gnavus in the context of IBD, obesity, and DM. This review aims to offer updated insights into the role and potential mechanisms of R. gnavus, as well as potential strategies for the treatment of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinni Hong
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Geriatric, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tingting Fu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Geriatric, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weizhen Liu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Geriatric, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Du
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Geriatric, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junmin Bu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Geriatric, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guojian Wei
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Geriatric, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, People’s Republic of China
| | - Miao Yu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Geriatric, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanshan Lin
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Geriatric, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cunyun Min
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Geriatric, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, People’s Republic of China
| | - Datao Lin
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, People’s Republic of China
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Kumar M, Muthurayar T, Karthika S, Gayathri S, Varalakshmi P, Ashokkumar B. Anti-Diabetic Potentials of Lactobacillus Strains by Modulating Gut Microbiota Structure and β-Cells Regeneration in the Pancreatic Islets of Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2024:10.1007/s12602-024-10221-7. [PMID: 38329697 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-024-10221-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus, a most common endocrine disorder of glucose metabolism, has become a global epidemic and poses a serious public health threat with an increased socio-economic burden. Escalating incidence of diabetes is correlated with changes in lifestyle and food habits that cause gut microbiome dysbiosis and β-cells damage, which can be addressed with dietary interventions containing probiotics. Hence, the search for probiotics of human origin with anti-diabetic, anti-AGE, and anti-ACE potentials has gained renewed interest for the effective management of diabetes and its associated complications. The present study used an alloxan (AXN)-induced diabetic rat model to investigate the effects of potential probiotic Lacticaseibacillus casei MKU1, Lactiplantibacillus pentosus MKU3, and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum MKU7 administration individually on physiochemical parameters related to diabetic pathogenesis. Experimental animals were randomly allotted into six groups viz. NCG (control), DCG (AXN), DGM (metformin), DGP1 (MKU1), DGP2 (MKU3), and DGP3 (MKU7), and biochemical data like serum glucose, insulin, AngII, ACE, HbA1c, and TNF-α levels were measured until 90 days. Our results suggest that oral administration with MKU1, MKU3, or MKU7 significantly improved serum insulin levels, glycemic control, glucose tolerance, and body weight. Additionally, β-cell mass was increased by preserving islet integrity in Lactobacillus-treated diabetic rats, whereas TNF-α (~40%), AngII (~30%), and ACE levels (~50%) were strongly inhibited and enhanced sIgA production (5.8 folds) abundantly. Furthermore, Lactobacillus administration positively influenced the gut microbiome with a significant increase in the abundance of Lactobacillus species and the beneficial Bacteroides uniformis and Bacteroides fragilis, while decreased the pathogenic Proteus vulgaris and Parabacteroides distasonis. Among the probiotic treatment groups, L. pentosus MKU3 performed greatly in almost all parameters, indicating its potential use for alleviating diabetes-associated complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Kumar
- Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, 625 021, India
| | - Tharmar Muthurayar
- Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, 625 021, India
| | - Sukumaran Karthika
- Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, 625 021, India
| | - Santhalingam Gayathri
- Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, 625 021, India
| | - Perumal Varalakshmi
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, School of Biotechnology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, India
| | - Balasubramaniem Ashokkumar
- Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, 625 021, India.
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DiMattia Z, Damani JJ, Van Syoc E, Rogers CJ. Effect of Probiotic Supplementation on Intestinal Permeability in Overweight and Obesity: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials and Animal Studies. Adv Nutr 2024; 15:100162. [PMID: 38072119 PMCID: PMC10771892 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2023.100162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Overweight and obesity are associated with increased intestinal permeability, characterized by loss of gut epithelial integrity, resulting in unregulated passage of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and other inflammatory triggers into circulation, i.e., metabolic endotoxemia. In obesity, shifts in the gut microbiome negatively impact intestinal permeability. Probiotics are an intervention that can target the gut microbiome by introducing beneficial microbial species, potentially restoring gut barrier integrity. Currently, the role of probiotic supplementation in ameliorating obesity- and overweight-associated increases in gut permeability has not been reviewed. This systematic review aimed to summarize findings from both animal and clinical studies that evaluated the effect of probiotic supplementation on obesity-induced impairment in intestinal permeability (International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews, CRD42022363538). A literature search was conducted using PubMed (Medline), Web of Science, and CAB Direct from origin until August 2023 using keywords of intestinal permeability, overweight or obesity, and probiotic supplementation. Of 920 records, 26 eligible records were included, comprising 12 animal and 14 clinical studies. Clinical trials ranged from 3 to 26 wk and were mostly parallel-arm (n = 13) or crossover (n = 1) design. In both animal and clinical studies, plasma/serum LPS was the most common measure of intestinal permeability. Eleven of 12 animal studies reported a positive effect of probiotic supplementation in reducing intestinal permeability. However, results from clinical trials were inconsistent, with half reporting reductions in serum LPS and half reporting no differences after probiotic supplementation. Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, and Akkermansia emerged as the most common genera in probiotic formulations among the animal and clinical studies that yielded positive results, suggesting that specific bacteria may be more effective at reducing intestinal permeability and improving gut barrier function. However, better standardization of strain use, dosage, duration, and the delivery matrix is needed to fully understand the probiotic impact on intestinal permeability in individuals with overweight and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary DiMattia
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Janhavi J Damani
- The Intercollege Graduate Degree Program in Integrative and Biomedical Physiology, Huck Institutes of Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Emily Van Syoc
- Integrative and Biomedical Physiology and Clinical and Translational Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States; Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States; The Microbiome Center, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Connie J Rogers
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Family and Consumer Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.
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Baba Y, Saito Y, Kadowaki M, Azuma N, Tsuge D. Effect of Continuous Ingestion of Bifidobacteria and Inulin on Reducing Body Fat: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel-Group Comparison Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:5025. [PMID: 38140284 PMCID: PMC10745352 DOI: 10.3390/nu15245025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis GCL2505 has been shown to have several positive health effects, including improved defecation frequency and reduced visceral fat. It is known that combined intake of GCL2505 and inulin increases the total number of bifidobacteria compared with ingestion of GCL2505 alone. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study was conducted to confirm that consumption of GCL2505 and inulin reduces abdominal fat (n = 120). Participants consumed a test beverage containing 1 × 1010 colony-forming units of GCL2505 per 100 g and 2.0 g of inulin per 100 g for 12 weeks. A change in the visceral fat area (VFA) was set as the primary endpoint. There were significant reductions in VFA and total fat area. The intervention significantly increased the total number of bifidobacteria and affected the levels of several lipid markers. Regression analysis of bifidobacteria and measured parameters showed that total bifidobacteria correlated with VFA and body mass index (BMI), while endogenous bifidobacteria and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis correlated only with BMI, suggesting that increases in both contributed to the decrease in VFA. These results suggest that combined intake of GCL2505 and inulin improves the intestinal environment and reduces abdominal fat in association with the SCFA-mediated pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhei Baba
- Dairy Business Division, Ezaki Glico Co., Ltd., 4-6-5 Utajima, Nishiyodogawa-Ku, Osaka 555-8502, Japan
| | - Yasuo Saito
- R&D Laboratory, Ezaki Glico Co., Ltd., 4-6-5 Utajima, Nishiyodogawa-Ku, Osaka 555-8502, Japan; (Y.S.); (M.K.); (N.A.)
| | - Mei Kadowaki
- R&D Laboratory, Ezaki Glico Co., Ltd., 4-6-5 Utajima, Nishiyodogawa-Ku, Osaka 555-8502, Japan; (Y.S.); (M.K.); (N.A.)
| | - Naoki Azuma
- R&D Laboratory, Ezaki Glico Co., Ltd., 4-6-5 Utajima, Nishiyodogawa-Ku, Osaka 555-8502, Japan; (Y.S.); (M.K.); (N.A.)
| | - Daisuke Tsuge
- Shinagawa Season Terrace Health Care Clinic, Shinagawa Season Terrace (5F), 1-2-70 Konan, Minato-Ku, Tokyo 108-0075, Japan;
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20
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Martins ACS, Medeiros GKVDV, de Oliveira SPA, de Albuquerque TMR, Sampaio KB, Dos Santos Lima M, do Nascimento YM, da Silva EF, Tavares JF, da Silva MS, de Souza EL, de Oliveira MEG. Unrevealing the in vitro impacts of Cereus jacamaru DC. cladodes flour on potentially probiotic strains, selected bacterial populations, and metabolic activity of human intestinal microbiota. Food Res Int 2023; 174:113658. [PMID: 37981375 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the potential impacts of the flour from Cereus jamacaru cactus cladodes (CJF), a cactus native to the Brazilian Caatinga biome, on the growth and metabolism of different potentially probiotic strains, as well as on the abundance of selected intestinal bacterial populations and microbial metabolic activity during in vitro colonic fermentation with a pooled human fecal inoculum. Cultivation of the probiotics in a medium with C. jamacaru cladodes flour (20 g/L) resulted in viable cell counts of up to 9.8 log CFU/mL, positive prebiotic activity scores (0.73-0.91), decreased pH and sugar contents, and increased lactic, acetic, and propionic acid production over time, indicating enhanced probiotic growth and metabolic activity. CJF overall increased the relative abundance of Lactobacillus spp./Enterococcus spp. (2.12-3.29%) and Bifidobacterium spp. (4.08-4.32%) and decreased the relative abundance of Bacteroides spp./Prevotella spp. (8.35-6.81%), Clostridium histolyticum (6.91-3.59%), and Eubacterium rectale/Clostridium coccoides (7.70-3.95%) during 48 h of an in vitro colonic fermentation using a pooled human fecal inoculum. CJF stimulated the microbial metabolic activity, with decreased pH, sugar consumption, lactic and short-chain fatty acid production, alterations in overall metabolic profiling and phenolic compound contents, and maintenance of high antioxidant capacity during colonic fermentation. These results show that CJF stimulated the growth and metabolic activity of distinct potential probiotics, increased the relative abundance of beneficial intestinal bacterial groups, and stimulated microbial metabolism during in vitro colonic fermentation. Further studies using advanced molecular technologies and in vivo experimental models could forward the investigation of the potential prebiotic properties of CJF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cristina Silveira Martins
- Post-Graduate Program in Food Science and Technology, Department of Food Engineering, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB 58051-900, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Karoliny Brito Sampaio
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB 58051-900, Brazil
| | - Marcos Dos Santos Lima
- Department of Food Technology, Federal Institute of Sertão de Pernambuco, Petrolina, PE 56302-100, Brazil
| | - Yuri Mangueira do Nascimento
- Institute for Research in Drugs and Medicines - IPeFarM, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB 58051-900, Brazil
| | - Evandro Ferreira da Silva
- Institute for Research in Drugs and Medicines - IPeFarM, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB 58051-900, Brazil
| | - Josean Fechine Tavares
- Institute for Research in Drugs and Medicines - IPeFarM, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB 58051-900, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Sobral da Silva
- Institute for Research in Drugs and Medicines - IPeFarM, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB 58051-900, Brazil
| | - Evandro Leite de Souza
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB 58051-900, Brazil
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21
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He J, Li H, Jia J, Liu Y, Zhang N, Wang R, Qu W, Liu Y, Jia L. Mechanisms by which the intestinal microbiota affects gastrointestinal tumours and therapeutic effects. MOLECULAR BIOMEDICINE 2023; 4:45. [PMID: 38032415 PMCID: PMC10689341 DOI: 10.1186/s43556-023-00157-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestinal microbiota is considered to be a forgotten organ in human health and disease. It maintains intestinal homeostasis through various complex mechanisms. A significant body of research has demonstrated notable differences in the gut microbiota of patients with gastrointestinal tumours compared to healthy individuals. Furthermore, the dysregulation of gut microbiota, metabolites produced by gut bacteria, and related signal pathways can partially explain the mechanisms underlying the occurrence and development of gastrointestinal tumours. Therefore, this article summarizes the latest research progress on the gut microbiota and gastrointestinal tumours. Firstly, we provide an overview of the composition and function of the intestinal microbiota and discuss the mechanisms by which the intestinal flora directly or indirectly affects the occurrence and development of gastrointestinal tumours by regulating the immune system, producing bacterial toxins, secreting metabolites. Secondly, we present a detailed analysis of the differences of intestinal microbiota and its pathogenic mechanisms in colorectal cancer, gastric cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, etc. Lastly, in terms of treatment strategies, we discuss the effects of the intestinal microbiota on the efficacy and toxic side effects of chemotherapy and immunotherapy and address the role of probiotics, prebiotics, FMT and antibiotic in the treatment of gastrointestinal tumours. In summary, this article provides a comprehensive review of the pathogenic mechanisms of and treatment strategies pertaining to the intestinal microbiota in patients with gastrointestinal tumours. And provide a more comprehensive and precise scientific basis for the development of microbiota-based treatments for gastrointestinal tumours and the prevention of such tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jikai He
- Central Laboratory, Bayannur Hospital, Bayannur, 015000, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Haijun Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region People's Hospital, Hohhot, 010017, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Jiaqi Jia
- Graduate School of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, No. 98 Chengcheng Road, Youjiang District, Baise City, 533000, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Central Laboratory, Bayannur Hospital, Bayannur, 015000, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Bayannur Hospital, Bayannur, 015000, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Rumeng Wang
- Central Laboratory, Bayannur Hospital, Bayannur, 015000, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Wenhao Qu
- Graduate School of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, No. 98 Chengcheng Road, Youjiang District, Baise City, 533000, China
| | - Yanqi Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot City, 010050, Inner Mongolia, China.
| | - Lizhou Jia
- Central Laboratory, Bayannur Hospital, Bayannur, 015000, Inner Mongolia, China.
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22
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Song W, Wang T, Cui X, Li L, Chen B, Li Y, Yue T. Lactobacillus coryniformis subsp. torquens T3 alleviates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease via reconstruction of the gut microbiota and redox system. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2023; 103:6814-6825. [PMID: 37300818 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A high-fat diet (HFD) that induces obesity has become the most common type of diet worldwide, leading to serious global health issues. Obesity is associated with an increased risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Probiotic supplements have been shown to help alleviate obesity. The present study aimed to investigate the mechanism by which Lactobacillus coryniformis supsp. torquens T3 (T3L) alleviated NAFLD induced by HFD via reconstruction of the gut microbiota and redox system. RESULTS The results showed that, compared with the HFD group, T3L inhibited obesity and relieved fat accumulation in the liver of mice with NAFLD. In addition, T3L inhibited liver inflammation and oxidative stress injury in NAFLD mice by regulating the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) inflammatory pathway in the liver. Furthermore, T3L changed the composition of the intestinal flora, reduced the abundance of harmful bacteria in the intestinal tract, enhanced the mechanical function of the intestinal barrier, and increased the short-chain fatty acid contents, thus inhibiting the secondary metabolite LPS, which directly causes liver damage through the portal vein. CONCLUSION In summary, T3L ameliorated NAFLD induced by obesity through the liver-gut axis pathway, thus reducing oxidative stress and liver injury. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Song
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
- Laboratory of Nutritional and Healthy Food-Individuation Manufacturing Engineering, Xi'an, china
- Research Center of Food Safety Risk Assessment and Control, Xi'an, China
| | - Tianyi Wang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaole Cui
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
- Laboratory of Nutritional and Healthy Food-Individuation Manufacturing Engineering, Xi'an, china
- Research Center of Food Safety Risk Assessment and Control, Xi'an, China
| | - Lingling Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
- Laboratory of Nutritional and Healthy Food-Individuation Manufacturing Engineering, Xi'an, china
- Research Center of Food Safety Risk Assessment and Control, Xi'an, China
| | - Bing Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
- Laboratory of Nutritional and Healthy Food-Individuation Manufacturing Engineering, Xi'an, china
- Research Center of Food Safety Risk Assessment and Control, Xi'an, China
| | - Yanjie Li
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmacokinetics for Innovative Drugs, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Tianli Yue
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
- Laboratory of Nutritional and Healthy Food-Individuation Manufacturing Engineering, Xi'an, china
- Research Center of Food Safety Risk Assessment and Control, Xi'an, China
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23
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Pourteymour S, Drevon CA, Dalen KT, Norheim FA. Mechanisms Behind NAFLD: a System Genetics Perspective. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2023; 25:869-878. [PMID: 37812367 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-023-01158-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To summarize the key factors contributing to the onset and progress of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and put them in a system genetics context. We particularly focus on how genetic regulation of hepatic lipids contributes to NAFLD. RECENT FINDINGS NAFLD is characterized by excessive accumulation of fat in the liver. This can progress to steatohepatitis (inflammation and hepatocyte injury) and eventually, cirrhosis. The severity of NAFLD is determined by a combination of factors including obesity, insulin resistance, and lipotoxic lipids, along with genetic susceptibility. Numerous studies have been conducted on large human cohorts and mouse panels, to identify key determinants in the genome, transcriptome, proteome, lipidome, microbiome and different environmental conditions contributing to NAFLD. We review common factors contributing to NAFLD and put them in a systems genetics context. In particular, we describe how genetic regulation of liver lipids contributes to NAFLD. The combination of an unhealthy lifestyle and genetic predisposition increases the likelihood of accumulating lipotoxic specie lipids that may be one of the driving forces behind developing severe forms of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Pourteymour
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Blindern, PO Box 1046, 0317, Oslo, Norway
| | - Christian A Drevon
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Blindern, PO Box 1046, 0317, Oslo, Norway
- Vitas Ltd. Oslo Science Park, Oslo, Norway
| | - Knut Tomas Dalen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Blindern, PO Box 1046, 0317, Oslo, Norway
| | - Frode A Norheim
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Blindern, PO Box 1046, 0317, Oslo, Norway.
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24
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Paladino L, Rappa F, Barone R, Macaluso F, Zummo FP, David S, Szychlinska MA, Bucchieri F, Conway de Macario E, Macario AJL, Cappello F, Marino Gammazza A. NF-kB Regulation and the Chaperone System Mediate Restorative Effects of the Probiotic Lactobacillus fermentum LF31 in the Small Intestine and Cerebellum of Mice with Ethanol-Induced Damage. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1394. [PMID: 37997993 PMCID: PMC10669058 DOI: 10.3390/biology12111394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Probiotics are live microorganisms that yield health benefits when consumed, generally by improving or restoring the intestinal flora (microbiota) as part of the muco-microbiotic layer of the bowel. In this work, mice were fed with ethanol alone or in combination with the probiotic Lactobacillus fermentum (L. fermentum) for 12 weeks. The modulation of the NF-κB signaling pathway with the induction of Hsp60, Hsp90, and IkB-α by the probiotic occurred in the jejunum. L. fermentum inhibited IL-6 expression and downregulated TNF-α transcription. NF-κB inactivation concurred with the restoration of the intestinal barrier, which had been damaged by ethanol, via the production of tight junction proteins, ameliorating the ethanol-induced intestinal permeability. The beneficial effect of the probiotic on the intestine was repeated for the cerebellum, in which downregulation of glial inflammation-related markers was observed in the probiotic-fed mice. The data show that L. fermentum exerted anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective effects in both the small intestine and the cerebellum, by suppressing ethanol-induced increased intestinal permeability and curbing neuroinflammation. The results also suggest that L. fermentum could be advantageous, along with the other available means, for treating intestinal diseases caused by stressors associated with inflammation and dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letizia Paladino
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BiND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (F.R.); (R.B.); (F.P.Z.); (F.B.); (F.C.)
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), 90139 Palermo, Italy; (E.C.d.M.); (A.J.L.M.)
| | - Francesca Rappa
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BiND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (F.R.); (R.B.); (F.P.Z.); (F.B.); (F.C.)
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), Italy National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 90146 Palermo, Italy
| | - Rosario Barone
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BiND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (F.R.); (R.B.); (F.P.Z.); (F.B.); (F.C.)
| | - Filippo Macaluso
- Department of SMART Engineering Solutions & Technologies, eCampus University, 22060 Novedrate, Italy;
| | - Francesco Paolo Zummo
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BiND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (F.R.); (R.B.); (F.P.Z.); (F.B.); (F.C.)
| | - Sabrina David
- Department Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Marta Anna Szychlinska
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, UKE-Kore University of Enna, Cittadella Universitaria, 94100 Enna, Italy;
| | - Fabio Bucchieri
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BiND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (F.R.); (R.B.); (F.P.Z.); (F.B.); (F.C.)
| | - Everly Conway de Macario
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), 90139 Palermo, Italy; (E.C.d.M.); (A.J.L.M.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore-Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology (IMET), Baltimore, MD 21202, USA
| | - Alberto J. L. Macario
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), 90139 Palermo, Italy; (E.C.d.M.); (A.J.L.M.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore-Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology (IMET), Baltimore, MD 21202, USA
| | - Francesco Cappello
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BiND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (F.R.); (R.B.); (F.P.Z.); (F.B.); (F.C.)
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), 90139 Palermo, Italy; (E.C.d.M.); (A.J.L.M.)
| | - Antonella Marino Gammazza
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BiND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (F.R.); (R.B.); (F.P.Z.); (F.B.); (F.C.)
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25
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Ma L, Zhang L, Li J, Zhang X, Xie Y, Li X, Yang B, Yang H. The potential mechanism of gut microbiota-microbial metabolites-mitochondrial axis in progression of diabetic kidney disease. Mol Med 2023; 29:148. [PMID: 37907885 PMCID: PMC10617243 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-023-00745-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD), has become the main cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) worldwide. Lately, it has been shown that the onset and advancement of DKD are linked to imbalances of gut microbiota and the abnormal generation of microbial metabolites. Similarly, a body of recent evidence revealed that biological alterations of mitochondria ranging from mitochondrial dysfunction and morphology can also exert significant effects on the occurrence of DKD. Based on the prevailing theory of endosymbiosis, it is believed that human mitochondria originated from microorganisms and share comparable biological characteristics with the microbiota found in the gut. Recent research has shown a strong correlation between the gut microbiome and mitochondrial function in the occurrence and development of metabolic disorders. The gut microbiome's metabolites may play a vital role in this communication. However, the relationship between the gut microbiome and mitochondrial function in the development of DKD is not yet fully understood, and the role of microbial metabolites is still unclear. Recent studies are highlighted in this review to examine the possible mechanism of the gut microbiota-microbial metabolites-mitochondrial axis in the progression of DKD and the new therapeutic approaches for preventing or reducing DKD based on this biological axis in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilei Ma
- Department of Nephrology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese, Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300380, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese, Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300380, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Nephrology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese, Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300380, China
| | - Xiaotian Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese, Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300380, China
| | - Yiran Xie
- Department of Nephrology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese, Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300380, China
| | - Xiaochen Li
- Department of Nephrology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese, Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300380, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Department of Nephrology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese, Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300380, China
| | - Hongtao Yang
- Department of Nephrology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese, Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300380, China.
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26
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Antony MA, Chowdhury A, Edem D, Raj R, Nain P, Joglekar M, Verma V, Kant R. Gut microbiome supplementation as therapy for metabolic syndrome. World J Diabetes 2023; 14:1502-1513. [PMID: 37970133 PMCID: PMC10642415 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v14.i10.1502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome is defined as an ecological community of commensal symbiotic and pathogenic microorganisms that exist in our body. Gut microbiome dysbiosis is a condition of dysregulated and disrupted intestinal bacterial homeostasis, and recent evidence has shown that dysbiosis is related to chronic inflammation, insulin resistance, cardiovascular diseases (CVD), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and obesity. It is well known that obesity, T2DM and CVD are caused or worsened by multiple factors like genetic predisposition, environmental factors, unhealthy high calorie diets, and sedentary lifestyle. However, recent evidence from human and mouse models suggest that the gut microbiome is also an active player in the modulation of metabolic syndrome, a set of risk factors including obesity, hyperglycemia, and dyslipidemia that increase the risk for CVD, T2DM, and other diseases. Current research aims to identify treatments to increase the number of beneficial microbiota in the gut microbiome in order to modulate metabolic syndrome by reducing chronic inflammation and insulin resistance. There is increasing interest in supplements, classified as prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics, or postbiotics, and their effect on the gut microbiome and metabolic syndrome. In this review article, we have summarized current research on these supplements that are available to improve the abundance of beneficial gut microbiota and to reduce the harmful ones in patients with metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mc Anto Antony
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Medical University of South Carolina/AnMed Campus, Anderson, SC 29621, United States
| | - Aniqa Chowdhury
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Medical University of South Carolina/AnMed Campus, Anderson, SC 29621, United States
| | - Dinesh Edem
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AK 72205, United States
| | - Rishi Raj
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Pikeville Medical Center, Pikeville, KY 41501, United States
| | - Priyanshu Nain
- Department of Graduate Medical Education, Maulana Azad Medical College, Delhi 110002, India
| | - Mansi Joglekar
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Medical University of South Carolina/AnMed Campus, Anderson, SC 29621, United States
| | - Vipin Verma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina/AnMed Campus, Anderson, SC 29621, United States
| | - Ravi Kant
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Medical University of South Carolina/AnMed Campus, Anderson, SC 29621, United States
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27
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Hemami RM, Shakarami A, Ardekani AM, Aghaii S, Makarem D, Nikrad N, Farhangi MA, Pour Abbasi MS. Investigation of the association between habitual dietary FODMAP intake, metabolic parameters, glycemic status, and anthropometric features among apparently healthy overweight and obese individuals. BMC Endocr Disord 2023; 23:206. [PMID: 37752490 PMCID: PMC10521509 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-023-01458-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The predisposition of humans to metabolic syndrome is affected by many factors, including diet and lifestyle. Fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols (FODMAPs) are a set of carbohydrates that are fermented by gut microbiota. In animal studies, supplementation with FODMAP-rich diets as prebiotics can alter body composition and gut microbiota. This study evaluates any relationship between FODMAP and metabolic syndrome risk factors among adults with metabolic syndrome in Iran. METHODS This cross-sectional study is based on sociodemographic information from 347 overweight and obese participants selected from outpatient clinics through public declaration. Participants body composition and anthropometric measures were also determined. A validated Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) with 168 questions was used to collect dietary data. Biochemical parameters, including serum total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), fasting serum glucose (FSG), and insulin levels, were determined by enzymatic methods. In addition, the Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) and Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index (QUICKI) were calculated. RESULTS In moderate FODMAP and low FODMAP groups, lower waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and higher fat-free mass (FFM) were achieved in higher tertiles. In high FODMAP groups, higher systolic blood pressure (SBP) was shown in the higher tertile (P < 0.05). Higher insulin, HOMA-IR, and lower QUICKI in the second tertile of the high FODMAP group were also observed. CONCLUSION Findings of this study highlight the potential role of FODMAP in managing metabolic syndrome and open a new field of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reyhaneh Mokhtari Hemami
- Tabriz Health Services Management Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amir Shakarami
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Abnoos Mokhtari Ardekani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Science, & Physiology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Sara Aghaii
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Dorna Makarem
- Escuela Tecnica Superior de Ingenieros de Telecomunicacion Politecnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Negin Nikrad
- Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Sadegh Pour Abbasi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Kashan University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Kashan, Iran.
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Zhou YF, Nie J, Shi C, Zheng WW, Ning K, Kang J, Sun JX, Cong X, Xie Q, Xiang H. Lysimachia christinae polysaccharide attenuates diet-induced hyperlipidemia via modulating gut microbes-mediated FXR-FGF15 signaling pathway. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 248:125725. [PMID: 37419267 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Polysaccharides are one of the most abundant and active components of Lysimachia christinae (L. christinae), which is widely adopted for attenuating abnormal cholesterol metabolism; however, its mechanism of action remains unclear. Therefore, we fed a natural polysaccharide (NP) purified from L. christinae to high-fat diet mice. These mice showed an altered gut microbiota and bile acid pool, which was characterized by significantly increased Lactobacillus murinus and unconjugated bile acids in the ileum. Oral administration of the NP reduced cholesterol and triglyceride levels and enhanced bile acid synthesis via cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase. Additionally, the effects of NP are microbiota-dependent, which was reconfirmed by fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT). Altered gut microbiota reshaped bile acid metabolism by modulating bile salt hydrolase (BSH) activity. Therefore, bsh genes were genetically engineered into Brevibacillus choshinensis, which was gavaged into mice to verify BSH function in vivo. Finally, adeno-associated-virus-2-mediated overexpression or inhibition of fibroblast growth factor 15 (FGF15) was used to explore the farnesoid X receptor-fibroblast growth factor 15 pathway in hyperlipidemic mice. We identified that the NP relieves hyperlipidemia by altering the gut microbiota, which is accompanied by the active conversion of cholesterol to bile acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Fei Zhou
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, PR China
| | - Jiaojiao Nie
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, PR China
| | - Chao Shi
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, PR China
| | - Wei-Wei Zheng
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, PR China
| | - Ke Ning
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, PR China
| | - Jing Kang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, PR China
| | - Ji-Xiang Sun
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, PR China
| | - Xiaoqiang Cong
- The Cardiovascular Department, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, PR China; Institute of Changbai Mountain Resource and Health, Jilin University, Fusong, Jilin 134504, PR China.
| | - Qiuhong Xie
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, PR China; Institute of Changbai Mountain Resource and Health, Jilin University, Fusong, Jilin 134504, PR China.
| | - Hongyu Xiang
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, PR China; Institute of Changbai Mountain Resource and Health, Jilin University, Fusong, Jilin 134504, PR China.
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Noor J, Chaudhry A, Batool S, Noor R, Fatima G. Exploring the Impact of the Gut Microbiome on Obesity and Weight Loss: A Review Article. Cureus 2023; 15:e40948. [PMID: 37503494 PMCID: PMC10368799 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.40948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The global obesity pandemic has prompted efforts to search for novel intervention options, including maximizing the health benefits of certain gut microbes and their metabolic byproducts. Our increased understanding of gut microbiota can potentially lead to revolutionary advancements in weight management and general well-being. We studied the association between gut microbiota and obesity, as well as the possible benefits of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics in the prevention and management of obesity in this review. We observed a relationship between the metabolism of nutrients, energy consumption, and gut flora. Numerous mechanisms, including the synthesis of short-chain fatty acids, hormone stimulation, and persistent low-grade inflammation, have been postulated to explain the role of gut bacteria in the etiology of obesity. It has been discovered that the diversity and composition of the intestinal microbiome vary in response to various forms of obesity therapy, which raises concerns about the potential impact of these changes on weight loss. According to research, probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics may alter the release of hormones, neurotransmitters, and inflammatory factors, thereby diminishing the stimuli of food consumption that lead to weight gain. More clinical research is required to determine the optimal probiotic, prebiotic, and synbiotic supplementation dosages, formulations, and regimens for long-term weight management and to determine how different gastrointestinal microbiome bacterial species may influence weight gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jawad Noor
- Internal Medicine, St. Dominic Hospital, Jackson, USA
| | | | - Saima Batool
- Pathology, Nishtar Medical University, Multan, PAK
| | - Riwad Noor
- Medicine/Public Health, Nishtar Hospital, Multan, PAK
| | - Ghulam Fatima
- Internal Medicine, Abbasi Shaheed Hospital, Karachi, PAK
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30
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Yan X, Liu X, Zhao C, Chen GQ. Applications of synthetic biology in medical and pharmaceutical fields. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:199. [PMID: 37169742 PMCID: PMC10173249 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01440-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Synthetic biology aims to design or assemble existing bioparts or bio-components for useful bioproperties. During the past decades, progresses have been made to build delicate biocircuits, standardized biological building blocks and to develop various genomic/metabolic engineering tools and approaches. Medical and pharmaceutical demands have also pushed the development of synthetic biology, including integration of heterologous pathways into designer cells to efficiently produce medical agents, enhanced yields of natural products in cell growth media to equal or higher than that of the extracts from plants or fungi, constructions of novel genetic circuits for tumor targeting, controllable releases of therapeutic agents in response to specific biomarkers to fight diseases such as diabetes and cancers. Besides, new strategies are developed to treat complex immune diseases, infectious diseases and metabolic disorders that are hard to cure via traditional approaches. In general, synthetic biology brings new capabilities to medical and pharmaceutical researches. This review summarizes the timeline of synthetic biology developments, the past and present of synthetic biology for microbial productions of pharmaceutics, engineered cells equipped with synthetic DNA circuits for diagnosis and therapies, live and auto-assemblied biomaterials for medical treatments, cell-free synthetic biology in medical and pharmaceutical fields, and DNA engineering approaches with potentials for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Yan
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Liu
- PhaBuilder Biotech Co. Ltd., Shunyi District, Zhaoquan Ying, 101309, Beijing, China
| | - Cuihuan Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Guo-Qiang Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China.
- Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China.
- MOE Key Lab for Industrial Biocatalysis, Dept Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China.
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31
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Dikeocha IJ, Al-Kabsi AM, Ahmeda AF, Mathai M, Alshawsh MA. Investigation into the Potential Role of Propionibacterium freudenreichii in Prevention of Colorectal Cancer and Its Effects on the Diversity of Gut Microbiota in Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098080. [PMID: 37175785 PMCID: PMC10179204 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) accounts for 10% of all cancer diagnoses and cancer-related deaths worldwide. Over the past two decades, several studies have demonstrated the clinical benefits of probiotic supplementation and some studies have shown that certain probiotics can modulate immunity and strengthen gut microbiota diversity. This study aims to assess the impact of the Propionibacterium freudenreichii (PF) probiotic against CRC induced by azoxymethane (AOM), and to investigate its effects on gut microbiota diversity in rats, as well as to evaluate the anti-proliferative activities of PF in HCT116 CRC cells. This experiment was performed using four groups of SD rats: normal control, AOM group, PF group (1 × 109 CFU/mL), and standard drug control (5-fluorouracil, 35 mg/kg). Methylene blue staining of colon tissues showed that the administration of PF significantly reduced the formation of colonic aberrant crypt foci (ACF) compared to the AOM control group. In addition, treated rats had lower levels of malondialdehyde in their colon tissue homogenates, indicating that lipid peroxidation was suppressed by PF supplementation. Furthermore, 16S rRNA gene analysis revealed that probiotic treatment enhanced the diversity of gut microbiota in rats. In vitro study showed that the viability of HCT116 cells was inhibited by the probiotic cell-free supernatant with an IC50 value of 13.3 ± 0.133. In conclusion, these results reveal that consuming PF as probiotic supplements modulates gut microbiota, inhibits the carcinogenic effects of AOM, and exerts anti-proliferative activity against CRC cells. Further studies are required to elucidate the role of PF on the immune response during the development and growth of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ahmad Faheem Ahmeda
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Ajman University, Ajman P.O. Box 346, United Arab Emirates
- Center of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman P.O. Box 346, United Arab Emirates
| | - Michael Mathai
- College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3011, Australia
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Peluso AA, Lundgaard AT, Babaei P, Mousovich-Neto F, Rocha AL, Damgaard MV, Bak EG, Gnanasekaran T, Dollerup OL, Trammell SAJ, Nielsen TS, Kern T, Abild CB, Sulek K, Ma T, Gerhart-Hines Z, Gillum MP, Arumugam M, Ørskov C, McCloskey D, Jessen N, Herrgård MJ, Mori MAS, Treebak JT. Oral supplementation of nicotinamide riboside alters intestinal microbial composition in rats and mice, but not humans. NPJ AGING 2023; 9:7. [PMID: 37012386 PMCID: PMC10070358 DOI: 10.1038/s41514-023-00106-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiota impacts systemic levels of multiple metabolites including NAD+ precursors through diverse pathways. Nicotinamide riboside (NR) is an NAD+ precursor capable of regulating mammalian cellular metabolism. Some bacterial families express the NR-specific transporter, PnuC. We hypothesized that dietary NR supplementation would modify the gut microbiota across intestinal sections. We determined the effects of 12 weeks of NR supplementation on the microbiota composition of intestinal segments of high-fat diet-fed (HFD) rats. We also explored the effects of 12 weeks of NR supplementation on the gut microbiota in humans and mice. In rats, NR reduced fat mass and tended to decrease body weight. Interestingly, NR increased fat and energy absorption but only in HFD-fed rats. Moreover, 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis of intestinal and fecal samples revealed an increased abundance of species within Erysipelotrichaceae and Ruminococcaceae families in response to NR. PnuC-positive bacterial strains within these families showed an increased growth rate when supplemented with NR. The abundance of species within the Lachnospiraceae family decreased in response to HFD irrespective of NR. Alpha and beta diversity and bacterial composition of the human fecal microbiota were unaltered by NR, but in mice, the fecal abundance of species within Lachnospiraceae increased while abundances of Parasutterella and Bacteroides dorei species decreased in response to NR. In conclusion, oral NR altered the gut microbiota in rats and mice, but not in humans. In addition, NR attenuated body fat mass gain in rats, and increased fat and energy absorption in the HFD context.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Augusto Peluso
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Agnete T Lundgaard
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Parizad Babaei
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Felippe Mousovich-Neto
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Andréa L Rocha
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Mads V Damgaard
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Emilie G Bak
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thiyagarajan Gnanasekaran
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ole L Dollerup
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Samuel A J Trammell
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas S Nielsen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Timo Kern
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Caroline B Abild
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Karolina Sulek
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Tao Ma
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Zach Gerhart-Hines
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Matthew P Gillum
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Manimozhiyan Arumugam
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Cathrine Ørskov
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Douglas McCloskey
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Niels Jessen
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Markus J Herrgård
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
- BioInnovation Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marcelo A S Mori
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
- Experimental Medicine Research Cluster, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Jonas T Treebak
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Momin ES, Khan AA, Kashyap T, Pervaiz MA, Akram A, Mannan V, Sanusi M, Elshaikh AO. The Effects of Probiotics on Cholesterol Levels in Patients With Metabolic Syndrome: A Systematic Review. Cureus 2023; 15:e37567. [PMID: 37193478 PMCID: PMC10183154 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.37567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of metabolic syndrome has been increasing over the past few years, especially in the United States. As a result, it increases the risk of heart disease, stroke, and diabetes mellitus, thus causing significant health issues. Probiotics have been studied to have effects on maintaining blood cholesterol levels by altering the gut microbiota. This systematic review aims to find the effects that probiotics would have on lipid levels when given to patients with metabolic syndrome. In total, articles collected from PubMed, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect were analysed. The results of the majority of the studies revealed that probiotics have some significant effects on cholesterol levels. It has shown a reduction in triglycerides and lower-density lipoprotein (LDL), thereby decreasing cholesterol levels in the blood. However, further investigations must be carried out so in order to create a more detailed and specific explanation of the effects and mechanisms of probiotics on maintaining cholesterol levels in the blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elina S Momin
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Asma A Khan
- Medical School, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Tejasvi Kashyap
- General Practice, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Muhammad Ahad Pervaiz
- Urology, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Aqsa Akram
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Vijayalakshmi Mannan
- General Practice, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Muhammad Sanusi
- Internal Medicine, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, CHN
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Abeer O Elshaikh
- Internal Medicine/Family Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
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de Oliveira CS, Baptistella MM, Siqueira AP, Carvalho MO, Ramos LF, Souto BS, de Almeida LA, Dos Santos EG, Novaes RD, Nogueira ESC, de Oliveira PF. Combination of vitamin D and probiotics inhibits chemically induced colorectal carcinogenesis in Wistar rats. Life Sci 2023; 322:121617. [PMID: 37003542 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
The modulation of inflammatory elements, cell differentiation and proliferation by vitamin D and the role of probiotics in the intestinal microbiota and immunogenic response have sparked interest in the application of both in chemotherapeutics and chemoprevention of colorectal tumors. AIMS The present study aimed to investigate the effects of isolated and/or combined treatment of vitamin D3 and probiotics on colorectal carcinogenesis. MAIN METHODS Pre-neoplastic lesions were induced with 1,2-dimethylhydrazine in the colon of Wistar rats, which were treated with probiotics and/or vitamin D in three different approaches (simultaneous, pre-, and post-treatment). We investigated the frequency of aberrant crypt foci (ACF) and aberrant crypt (AC) in the distal colon, fecal microbiome composition, gene and protein expression through immunohistochemical and RT-PCR assays, and general toxicity through water consumption and weight gain monitoring. KEY FINDINGS Results confirm the systemic safety of treatments, and show a protective effect of vitamin D and probiotics in all approaches studied, as well as in combined treatments, with predominance of different bacterial phyla compared to controls. Treated groups show different levels of Nrf2, GST, COX2, iNOS, β-catenin and PCNA expression. SIGNIFICANCE These experimental conditions explore the combination of vitamin D and probiotics supplementation at low doses over pathways involved in distinct stages of colorectal carcinogenesis, with results supporting its application in prevention and long-term strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina S de Oliveira
- Human Genetics Laboratory, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas 37130-001, MG, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Biosciences Applied to Health, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas 37130-001, MG, Brazil
| | - Mariane M Baptistella
- Human Genetics Laboratory, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas 37130-001, MG, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Biosciences Applied to Health, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas 37130-001, MG, Brazil
| | - Alexia P Siqueira
- Human Genetics Laboratory, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas 37130-001, MG, Brazil
| | - Michele O Carvalho
- Human Genetics Laboratory, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas 37130-001, MG, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Nutrition and Longevity, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas 37130-001, MG, Brazil
| | - Luiz Fernando Ramos
- Human Genetics Laboratory, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas 37130-001, MG, Brazil
| | - Bianca S Souto
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Microorganisms, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas 37130-001, MG, Brazil
| | - Leonardo A de Almeida
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Microorganisms, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas 37130-001, MG, Brazil
| | - Elda G Dos Santos
- Postgraduate Program in Biosciences Applied to Health, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas 37130-001, MG, Brazil
| | - Rômulo D Novaes
- Department of Structural Biology, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas 37130-001, MG, Brazil
| | - Ester S C Nogueira
- Animal Integrative Biology Laboratory, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas 37130-001, MG, Brazil
| | - Pollyanna F de Oliveira
- Human Genetics Laboratory, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas 37130-001, MG, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Nutrition and Longevity, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas 37130-001, MG, Brazil; Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Microorganisms, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas 37130-001, MG, Brazil.
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Kim YI, Lee ES, Song EJ, Shin DU, Eom JE, Shin HS, Kim JE, Oh JY, Nam YD, Lee SY. Lacticaseibacillus paracasei AO356 ameliorates obesity by regulating adipogenesis and thermogenesis in C57BL/6J male mice. J Funct Foods 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2023.105404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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36
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Effects of probiotics on hypertension. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:1107-1117. [PMID: 36646911 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12369-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Emerging data have suggested that probiotics had good potential in regulating intestinal flora and preventing hypertension. Some studies in human and animal models have demonstrated probiotic intervention could attenuate hypertension, regulate intestinal flora to increase the abundance of beneficial bacteria, and regulate intestinal microbial metabolites such as trimethylamine oxide, short-chain fatty acids, and polyphenols. However, there is still some debate as to whether probiotics exert effective benefits. These recently published reviews did not systematically expound on the heterogeneity between the effect and mechanism of probiotics with different types, doses, and carriers to exert antihypertensive effects, as well as the possible application of probiotics in the prevention and treatment of hypertension in food and clinic. Here we try to systematically review the association between hypertension and intestinal microflora, the effect of probiotics and their metabolites on hypertension, and the recent research progress on the specific mechanism of probiotics on hypertension. In addition, we also summarized the potential application of probiotics in antihypertension. Future challenges include elucidating the functions of metabolites produced by microorganisms and their downstream pathway or molecules, identifying specific strains, not just microbial communities, and developing therapeutic interventions that target hypertension by modulation of gut microbes and metabolites.
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Yang K, Lin X, Jian S, Wen J, Jian X, He S, Wen C, Liu T, Qi X, Yin Y, Deng B. Changes in gut microbiota and short-chain fatty acids are involved in the process of canine obesity after neutering. J Anim Sci 2023; 101:skad283. [PMID: 37632755 PMCID: PMC10558198 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skad283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutering is a significant risk factor for obesity in dogs. Changes in gut microbiota and its metabolites have been identified as a key player during obesity progression. However, the mechanisms that promote neuter-associated weight gain are not well understood. Therefore, in this study, sixteen clinically healthy Beagle dogs (6 male and 10 female, mean age = 8.22 ± 0.25 mo old) were neutered. Body weight (BW) and body condition score (BCS) were recorded at 1 d before neutering, 3, 6, 10, 16, and 21 mo after neutering. Dogs were grouped based on their BCS as ideal weight group (IW, n = 4, mean BW = 13.22 ± 1.30 kg, mean BCS = 5.00 ± 0.41) and obese group (OB, n = 12, mean BW = 18.57 ± 1.08 kg, mean BCS = 7.92 ± 0.82) at 21 mo after neutering. Serum lipid profile, glucose, and hormones and fecal microbiota and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were measured. Our results showed that OB dogs had greater (P < 0.0001) BW (18.57 vs. 13.22 kg), BCS (7.92 vs. 5.00), and average daily gain (12.27 vs. 5.69 g/d) than IW dogs at 21 mo after neutering, and the obesity rate was up to 60%. In addition, significant increases (P < 0.05) in serum triglyceride (TG, 1.10 vs. 0.56 mmol/L) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C, 6.96 vs. 5.40 mmol/L) levels and a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in serum adiponectin (APN, 54.06 vs. 58.39 μg/L) level were observed in OB dogs; serum total cholesterol (4.83 vs. 3.75 mmol/L) (P = 0.075) and leptin (LEP, 2.82 vs. 2.53 μg/L) (P = 0.065) levels tended to be greater in OB dogs; there was a trend towards a lower (P = 0.092) APN/LEP (19.32 vs. 21.81) in OB dogs. Results of fecal microbial alpha-diversity showed that Observed_species and Chao1 indices tended to be lower (P = 0.069) in OB dogs. The STAMP and LEfSe analyses revealed that OB dogs had a greater (P < 0.05 and LDA > 2) reduction in relative abundances of Bacteroides, Prevotella_9, and Megamonas than IW dogs. In addition, OB dogs also had greater (P < 0.05) reduction in fecal acetate, propionate, and butyrate concentrations than IW dogs. Moreover, clear negative correlations (|r| > 0.5 and P < 0.05) were found between SCFAs-producing bacteria and BW, TG, and HDL-C. The functional predictions of microbial communities based on PICRUSt2 analysis revealed that lipid metabolism and endocrine system were significantly disturbed in obese dogs after neutering. Thus, intervention with SCFAs-producing bacteria might represent a new target for the prevention or treatment of canine obesity after neutering. Moreover, weight control before neutering may also contribute to the prevention of canine obesity after neutering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Yang
- School of Life and Health Science, Kaili University, Kaili 556011, China
| | - Xinye Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Shiyan Jian
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jiawei Wen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiaoying Jian
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Shansong He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Chaoyu Wen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Tingting Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xin Qi
- Department of Technology, Beijing Veterinary Drug and Feed Monitoring Center, Beijing 101127, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Baichuan Deng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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Wang S, Cui J, Jiang S, Zheng C, Zhao J, Zhang H, Zhai Q. Early life gut microbiota: Consequences for health and opportunities for prevention. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:5793-5817. [PMID: 36537331 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2158451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The gut microbiota influences many aspects of the host, including immune system maturation, nutrient absorption and metabolism, and protection from pathogens. Increasing evidences from cohort and animal studies indicate that changes in the gut microbiota early in life increases the risk of developing specific diseases early and later in life. Therefore, it is becoming increasingly important to identify specific disease prevention or therapeutic solutions targeting the gut microbiota, especially during infancy, which is the window of the human gut microbiota establishment process. In this review, we provide an overview of current knowledge concerning the relationship between disturbances in the gut microbiota early in life and health consequences later in life (e.g., necrotizing enterocolitis, celiac disease, asthma, allergies, autism spectrum disorders, overweight/obesity, diabetes and growth retardation), with a focus on changes in the gut microbiota prior to disease onset. In addition, we summarize and discuss potential microbiota-based interventions early in life (e.g., diet adjustments, probiotics, prebiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, environmental changes) to promote health or prevent the development of specific diseases. This knowledge should aid the understanding of early life microbiology and inform the development of prediction and prevention measures for short- and long-term health disorders based on the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jingjing Cui
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Shilong Jiang
- Nutrition and Metabolism Research Division, Innovation Center, Heilongjiang Feihe Dairy Co., Ltd, Beijing, China
- PKUHSC-China Feihe Joint Research Institute of Nutrition and Healthy Lifespan Development, Beijing, China
| | - Chengdong Zheng
- Nutrition and Metabolism Research Division, Innovation Center, Heilongjiang Feihe Dairy Co., Ltd, Beijing, China
- PKUHSC-China Feihe Joint Research Institute of Nutrition and Healthy Lifespan Development, Beijing, China
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Heng Zhang
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Department of Child Health Care, Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qixiao Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
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Yasuzawa T, Nishi R, Ishitani S, Matsuo O, Ueshima S. Effects of Enzamin, a Microbial Product, on Alterations of Intestinal Microbiota Induced by a High-Fat Diet. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14224743. [PMID: 36432430 PMCID: PMC9694229 DOI: 10.3390/nu14224743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In the human intestinal tract, there are more than 100 trillion microorganisms classified into at least 1000 different species. The intestinal microbiota contributes to the regulation of systemic physiologic functions and the maintenance of homeostasis of the host. It has been reported that the alteration of the intestinal microbiota is involved in metabolic syndromes, including type II diabetes and dyslipidemia, inflammatory bowel disease, allergic disease, and cancer growth. It has been reported that a microbial product from Paenibacillus polymyxa AK, which was named Enzamin, ameliorated adipose inflammation with impaired adipocytokine expression and insulin resistance in db/db mice. In order to investigate the effect of Enzamin on the intestinal microbiota and inflammation induced by obesity, mice were fed with a high-fat diet and 1% Enzamin for 4 weeks. Enzamin improved the Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidetes ratio and altered the intestinal microbiota in mice fed the high-fat diet. In addition, Enzamin suppressed the decreased expression of claudin-4 and the increased serum LPS level in mice fed with the high-fat diet. Modulating the intestinal microbiota with Enzamin may cause a decrease in serum LPS level. Based on these results, Enzamin may improve inflammation and metabolic disorders by regulating the intestinal microbiota in obese mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshinori Yasuzawa
- Department of Nutrition, School of Human Cultures, The University of Shiga Prefecture, Hikone 522-8533, Japan
| | - Ryota Nishi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Kindai University, Nara 631-8505, Japan
| | - Satono Ishitani
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Kindai University, Nara 631-8505, Japan
| | - Osamu Matsuo
- Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka-Sayama 589-9511, Japan
| | - Shigeru Ueshima
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Kindai University, Nara 631-8505, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-721-28-7628
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Hou J, Xiang J, Li D, Liu X, Pan W. Gut microbial response to host metabolic phenotypes. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1019430. [PMID: 36419554 PMCID: PMC9676441 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1019430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
A large number of studies have proved that biological metabolic phenotypes exist objectively and are gradually recognized by humans. Gut microbes affect the host's metabolic phenotype. They directly or indirectly participate in host metabolism, physiology and immunity through changes in population structure, metabolite differences, signal transduction and gene expression. Obtaining comprehensive information and specific identification factors associated with gut microbiota and host metabolic phenotypes has become the focus of research in the field of gut microbes, and it has become possible to find new and effective ways to prevent or treat host metabolic diseases. In the future, precise treatment of gut microbes will become one of the new therapeutic strategies. This article reviews the content of gut microbes and carbohydrate, amino acid, lipid and nucleic acid metabolic phenotypes, including metabolic intermediates, mechanisms of action, latest research findings and treatment strategies, which will help to understand the relationship between gut microbes and host metabolic phenotypes and the current research status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinliang Hou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Jianguo Xiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Deliang Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Xinhua Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
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A Freshwater Fish-Based Diet Alleviates Liver Steatosis by Modulating Gut Microbiota and Metabolites: A Clinical Randomized Controlled Trial in Chinese Participants With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Am J Gastroenterol 2022; 117:1621-1631. [PMID: 35973188 PMCID: PMC9531978 DOI: 10.14309/ajg.0000000000001885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We aimed to assess the effects of 2 isoenergetic intervention diets (a freshwater fish-based diet [F group] or freshwater fish-based and red meat-based diets alternately [F/M group]) on liver steatosis and their relationship with intestinal flora in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). METHODS In this open-label, 84-day randomized controlled trial, 34 NAFLD patients with hepatic steatosis ≥10% were randomly assigned to the F group or F/M group in a 1:1 ratio using a computer-generated random number allocation by a researcher not involved in the study. Liver fat content and gut microbiota and its metabolites were measured. RESULTS At the end of intervention, the absolute reduction of hepatic steatosis was significantly greater in the F group than in the F/M group (-4.89% vs -1.83%, P = 0.032). Of the 16 secondary clinical outcomes, the improvement in 7 in the F group was greater compared with the F/M group, including alanine aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyl transferase. Furthermore, dietary freshwater fish and red meat consumption alternately did not exacerbate NAFLD. Moreover, changes in the enrichment of Faecalibacterium, short-chain fatty acids, and unconjugated bile acids and the depletion of Prevotella 9 and conjugated bile acids in the F group were significantly greater compared with the F/M group. DISCUSSION Higher intake of freshwater fish may be beneficial to NAFLD by regulating gut microbiota and its metabolites, whereas intake of a similar total of animal protein and fat from the alternating freshwater fish and red meat may not be harmful for NAFLD in the dietary management of patients with NAFLD.
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Świerczewska Z, Lewandowski M, Surowiecka A, Barańska-Rybak W. Microbiome in Hidradenitis Suppurativa—What We Know and Where We Are Heading. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911280. [PMID: 36232581 PMCID: PMC9570026 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, interest in the microbiome of cutaneous diseases has increased tremendously. Of particular interest is the gut-brain-skin axis proposed by Stokes and Pillsbury in 1930. The microbiome has been suggested in the pathogenesis of hidradenitis suppurativa, however the link between the commensals and the host is yet to be established. Across all studies, the increased abundance of Porphyromonas, Peptoniphilus, and Prevotella spp., and a loss of skin commensal species, such as Cutibacterium in HS lesions, is a consistent finding. The role of gut and blood microbiome in hidradenitis suppurativa has not been fully elucidated. According to studies, the main link with the intestine is based on the increased risk of developing Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, however, further research is highly needed in this area. Lifestyle, dietary approaches, and probiotics all seem to influence the microbiome, hence being a promising modality as adjuvant therapy. The aim of this review was to present the latest reports in the field of research on skin, blood, and gut microbiome in terms of hidradenitis suppurativa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzanna Świerczewska
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Smoluchowskiego 17, 80-214 Gdansk, Poland
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Marii Skłodowskiej-Curie 3a, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Miłosz Lewandowski
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Smoluchowskiego 17, 80-214 Gdansk, Poland
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Marii Skłodowskiej-Curie 3a, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Surowiecka
- East Center of Burns Treatment and Reconstructive Surgery, District Hospital in Łęczna, ul. Krasnystawska 52, 21-010 Łęczna, Poland
| | - Wioletta Barańska-Rybak
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Smoluchowskiego 17, 80-214 Gdansk, Poland
- Correspondence:
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Li C, Jia WW, Yang JL, Cheng C, Olaleye OE. Multi-compound and drug-combination pharmacokinetic research on Chinese herbal medicines. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2022; 43:3080-3095. [PMID: 36114271 PMCID: PMC9483253 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-022-00983-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional medicine has provided a basis for health care and disease treatment to Chinese people for millennia, and herbal medicines are regulated as drug products in China. Chinese herbal medicines have two features. They normally possess very complex chemical composition. This makes the identification of the constituents that are together responsible for the therapeutic action of an herbal medicine challenging, because how to select compounds from an herbal medicine for pharmacodynamic study has been a big hurdle in such identification efforts. To this end, a multi-compound pharmacokinetic approach was established to identify potentially important compounds (bioavailable at the action loci with significant exposure levels after dosing an herbal medicine) and to characterize their pharmacokinetics and disposition. Another feature of Chinese herbal medicines is their typical use as or in combination therapies. Coadministration of complex natural products and conventional synthetic drugs is prevalent worldwide, even though it remains very controversial. Natural product–drug interactions have raised wide concerns about reduced drug efficacy or safety. However, growing evidence shows that incorporating Chinese herbal medicines into synthetic drug-based therapies delivers benefits in the treatment of many multifactorial diseases. To address this issue, a drug-combination pharmacokinetic approach was established to assess drug–drug interaction potential of herbal medicines and degree of pharmacokinetic compatibility for multi-herb combination and herbal medicine–synthetic drug combination therapies. In this review we describe the methodology, techniques, requirements, and applications of multi-compound and drug-combination pharmacokinetic research on Chinese herbal medicines and to discuss further development for these two types of pharmacokinetic research.
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Duan Z, Ji X, Zhu Y, Zhao D, Han K, Gu S, Ma L, Jin S, Chen J, Li T, Huo N. Effects of Sheep Bone Collagen Peptide on Liver Lipid Deposition in Ovariectomized Rats. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2022; 68:320-330. [PMID: 36047104 DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.68.320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Liver can be directly involved in the synthesis and decomposition of fatty acids. Liver lipid deposition is one of the most common chronic liver diseases. Estrogen deficiency can cause lipid deposition and energy metabolism disorders in the liver. Sheep bone collagen peptide (SBCP) has been shown to have estrogen-like effects in previous studies. And SBCP has high bioavailability, safety and non-toxic side effects. This study aimed to investigate the effect of SBCP on liver lipid deposition (LLD) caused by estrogen deficiency. Female Wistar rats were treated as follows (n=10): sham group: underwent peri-ovary fat removal operations, ovariectomized rats (model group), ovariectomized rats receiving SBCP treatments: SBCP high dose group (SBCP-H), SBCP medium dose group (SBCP-M) and SBCP low dose group (SBCP-L). After 8 wk, the model group demonstrated severe LLD and liver pathological changes, with increased malondialdehyde (MDA) and free fatty acid (FFA) levels (p<0.05). Additionally, the total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) activity (p<0.05), serum albumin-to-globulin (A/G) ratio (p<0.05), amount of butyric acid-producing bacteria and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) content decreased. SBCP intervention could inhibit the occurrence of LLD and alleviate the liver histopathological damage induced by estrogen deficiency by relieving oxidative stress, preventing the loss of butyric acid-producing bacteria, and decreasing the abundance of Lactobacillus reuteri in the gut. The results suggested that SBCP could improve the LLD indecued by estrogen deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Duan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University
| | - Xia Ji
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University
| | - Yixin Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University
| | - Donghao Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University
| | - Keguang Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University
| | - Shaopeng Gu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University
| | - Linfeng Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University
| | - Shuxiu Jin
- Medical Experimental Center, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences
| | - Jing Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University
| | - Tao Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University
| | - Nairui Huo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University
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Probiotic Mechanisms Affecting Glucose Homeostasis: A Scoping Review. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12081187. [PMID: 36013366 PMCID: PMC9409775 DOI: 10.3390/life12081187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The maintenance of a healthy status depends on the coexistence between the host organism and the microbiota. Early studies have already focused on the nutritional properties of probiotics, which may also contribute to the structural changes in the gut microbiota, thereby affecting host metabolism and homeostasis. Maintaining homeostasis in the body is therefore crucial and is reflected at all levels, including that of glucose, a simple sugar molecule that is an essential fuel for normal cellular function. Despite numerous clinical studies that have shown the effect of various probiotics on glucose and its homeostasis, knowledge about the exact function of their mechanism is still scarce. The aim of our review was to select in vivo and in vitro studies in English published in the last eleven years dealing with the effects of probiotics on glucose metabolism and its homeostasis. In this context, diverse probiotic effects at different organ levels were highlighted, summarizing their potential mechanisms to influence glucose metabolism and its homeostasis. Variations in results due to different methodological approaches were discussed, as well as limitations, especially in in vivo studies. Further studies on the interactions between probiotics, host microorganisms and their immunity are needed.
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Health benefits of functional plant polysaccharides in metabolic syndrome: An overview. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Effects of Probiotic Supplementation during Pregnancy on the Future Maternal Risk of Metabolic Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158253. [PMID: 35897822 PMCID: PMC9330652 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotics are live microorganisms that induce health benefits in the host. Taking probiotics is generally safe and well tolerated by pregnant women and their children. Consumption of probiotics can result in both prophylactic and therapeutic effects. In healthy adult humans, the gut microbiome is stable at the level of the dominant taxa: Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes and Actinobacteria, and has a higher presence of Verrucomicrobia. During pregnancy, an increase in the number of Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria phyla and a decrease in the beneficial species Roseburia intestinalis and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii are observed. Pregnancy is a "window" to the mother's future health. The aim of this paper is to review studies assessing the potentially beneficial effects of probiotics in preventing the development of diseases that appear during pregnancy, which are currently considered as risk factors for the development of metabolic syndrome, and consequently, reducing the risk of developing maternal metabolic syndrome in the future. The use of probiotics in gestational diabetes mellitus, preeclampsia and excessive gestational weight gain is reviewed. Probiotics are a relatively new intervention that can prevent the development of these disorders during pregnancy, and thus, would reduce the risk of metabolic syndrome resulting from these disorders in the mother's future.
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Kim S, Park S, Choi TG, Kim SS. Role of Short Chain Fatty Acids in Epilepsy and Potential Benefits of Probiotics and Prebiotics: Targeting “Health” of Epileptic Patients. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14142982. [PMID: 35889939 PMCID: PMC9322917 DOI: 10.3390/nu14142982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The WHO’s definition of health transcends the mere absence of disease, emphasizing physical, mental, and social well-being. As this perspective is being increasingly applied to the management of chronic diseases, research on gut microbiota (GM) is surging, with a focus on its potential for persistent and noninvasive dietary therapeutics. In patients with epilepsy (PWE), a chronic lack of seizure control along with often neglected psychiatric comorbidities greatly disrupt the quality of life. Evidence shows that GM-derived short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) may impact seizure susceptibility through modulating (1) excitatory/inhibitory neurotransmitters, (2) oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, and (3) psychosocial stress. These functions are also connected to shared pathologies of epilepsy and its two most common psychiatric consequences: depression and anxiety. As the enhancement of SCFA production is enabled through direct administration, as well as probiotics and prebiotics, related dietary treatments may exert antiseizure effects. This paper explores the potential roles of SCFAs in the context of seizure control and its mental comorbidities, while analyzing existing studies on the effects of pro/prebiotics on epilepsy. Based on currently available data, this study aims to interpret the role of SCFAs in epileptic treatment, extending beyond the absence of seizures to target the health of PWE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soomin Kim
- Department of Preliminary Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea;
| | - Siyeon Park
- School of Pharmacy, Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Tae Gyu Choi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
- Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
- Correspondence: (T.G.C.); (S.S.K.); Tel.: +82-2-961-0287 (T.G.C.); +82-2-961-0524 (S.S.K.)
| | - Sung Soo Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
- Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
- Correspondence: (T.G.C.); (S.S.K.); Tel.: +82-2-961-0287 (T.G.C.); +82-2-961-0524 (S.S.K.)
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Rodrigues VF, Elias-Oliveira J, Pereira ÍS, Pereira JA, Barbosa SC, Machado MSG, Carlos D. Akkermansia muciniphila and Gut Immune System: A Good Friendship That Attenuates Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Obesity, and Diabetes. Front Immunol 2022; 13:934695. [PMID: 35874661 PMCID: PMC9300896 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.934695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Akkermansia muciniphila is a Gram-negative anaerobic mucus-layer-degrading bacterium that colonizes the intestinal mucosa of humans and rodents. Metagenomic data have shown an inverse correlation between the abundance of A. muciniphila and diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), obesity, and diabetes. Thus, in recent decades, the potential of this bacterium as an immunomodulatory probiotic for autoimmune and chronic inflammatory diseases has been explored in experimental models. Corroborating these human correlation data, it has been reported that A. muciniphila slows down the development and progression of diabetes, obesity, and IBD in mice. Consequently, clinical studies with obese and diabetic patients are being performed, and the preliminary results are very promising. Therefore, this mini review highlights the main findings regarding the beneficial roles of A. muciniphila and its action mechanisms in autoimmune and chronic inflammatory diseases.
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The Activity of Prebiotics and Probiotics in Hepatogastrointestinal Disorders and Diseases Associated with Metabolic Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137229. [PMID: 35806234 PMCID: PMC9266451 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The components of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and hepatogastrointestinal diseases are widespread worldwide, since many factors associated with lifestyle and diet influence their development and correlation. Due to these growing health problems, it is necessary to search for effective alternatives for prevention or adjuvants in treating them. The positive impact of regulated microbiota on health is known; however, states of dysbiosis are closely related to the development of the conditions mentioned above. Therefore, the role of prebiotics, probiotics, or symbiotic complexes has been extensively evaluated; the results are favorable, showing that they play a crucial role in the regulation of the immune system, the metabolism of carbohydrates and lipids, and the biotransformation of bile acids, as well as the modulation of their central receptors FXR and TGR-5, which also have essential immunomodulatory and metabolic activities. It has also been observed that they can benefit the host by displacing pathogenic species, improving the dysbiosis state in MetS. Current studies have reported that paraprobiotics (dead or inactive probiotics) or postbiotics (metabolites generated by active probiotics) also benefit hepatogastrointestinal health.
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