1
|
Inam M, Sheikh S, Khoja A, Abubakar A, Shah R, Samad Z, Ngugi A, Alarakhiya F, Waljee A, Virani SS. Health Data Sciences and Cardiovascular Disease in Africa: Needs and the Way Forward. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2024:10.1007/s11883-024-01235-1. [PMID: 39240493 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-024-01235-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The rising burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in Africa is of great concern. Health data sciences is a rapidly developing field which has the potential to improve health outcomes, especially in low-middle income countries with burdened healthcare systems. We aim to explore the current CVD landscape in Africa, highlighting the importance of health data sciences in the region and identifying potential opportunities for application and growth by leveraging health data sciences to improve CVD outcomes. RECENT FINDINGS While there have been a number of initiatives aimed at developing health data sciences in Africa over the recent decades, the progress and growth are still in their early stages. Its maximum potential can be leveraged through adequate funding, advanced training programs, focused resource allocation, encouraging bidirectional international partnerships, instituting best ethical practices, and prioritizing data science health research in the region. The findings of this review explore the current landscape of CVD and highlight the potential benefits and utility of health data sciences to address CVD challenges in Africa. By understanding and overcoming the barriers associated with health data sciences training, research, and application in the region, focused initiatives can be developed to promote research and development. These efforts will allow policymakers to form informed, evidence-based frameworks for the prevention and management of CVDs, and ultimately result in improved CVD outcomes in the region.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maha Inam
- Office of the Vice Provost, Research, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
- Department of Medicine, Temple University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Sana Sheikh
- Department of Medicine, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Adeel Khoja
- Department of Medicine, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia
| | - Amina Abubakar
- Institute for Human Development, Aga Khan University, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Reena Shah
- Department of Medicine, Aga Khan University, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Zainab Samad
- Department of Medicine, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
- Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Anthony Ngugi
- Department of Population Health, Aga Khan University, Nairobi, Kenya
- Centre of Excellence in Women and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - Akbar Waljee
- Department of Learning Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Center for Global Health and Equity, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Salim S Virani
- Office of the Vice Provost, Research, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.
- Department of Medicine, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.
- Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan.
- The Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Aboagye RG, Mohammed A, Duodu PA, Adnani QES, Seidu AA, Ahinkorah BO. Sex-related inequalities in current cigarette smoking among adolescents in Africa. Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy 2024; 19:41. [PMID: 39237953 PMCID: PMC11375970 DOI: 10.1186/s13011-024-00619-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Risky behaviours, including tobacco use, are highly prevalent among adolescents worldwide. Although these behaviours are largely influenced by various sociodemographic factors, including sex, there is a paucity of regionally representative literature on the sex-related inequalities in cigarette smoking among adolescents in Africa. This study examined the sex-based disparities in current cigarette smoking among adolescents aged 13-15 years in Africa. METHODS The present study employed a secondary analysis of nationally representative data on 45 African countries obtained from the Global Youth Tobacco Survey, accessible through the World Health Organization (WHO) Global Health Observatory. We used the online version of the WHO Health Equity Assessment Toolkit (HEAT) to generate the results. RESULTS The prevalence of current cigarette smoking among the adolescents surveyed ranged from 1.6% in Eritrea to 10.4% in Mali among the low-income countries, from 1.3% in Tanzania to 13.1% in Mauritania among the lower-middle-income countries, from 5.2% in Gabon to 15.3% in Mauritius among the upper-middle-income countries, and 14.7% in Seychelles, the only high-income country in the study. The absolute summary measure (D) showed diverse sex-related disparities in the burden of current cigarette smoking among adolescents across the sub-regions. In all countries surveyed, the prevalence of cigarette smoking was higher among male adolescents compared to females, except in Liberia and Mozambique, where female adolescents bore a more significant burden than their male counterparts. Furthermore, male adolescents were more burdened with high cigarette smoking prevalence than females in low-income countries such as Mali, Madagascar, Guinea, Burkina Faso, and The Gambia, where such disparities were most pronounced. Meanwhile, we found less disparity in the burden of cigarette smoking between male and female adolescents in most of the lower and upper-middle-income countries surveyed. CONCLUSION This study sheds light on the sex-based inequalities in the prevalence of current cigarette smoking among adolescents in Africa. In contrast to female adolescents, male adolescents bear a greater burden of current cigarette smoking. The burden of cigarette smoking is most pronounced in low-income countries such as Mali, Madagascar, Guinea, Burkina Faso, and The Gambia. Conversely, in most of the lower and upper-middle-income countries surveyed, the burdens of current cigarette smoking among male and female adolescents were found to be less disparate. Consequently, cigarette smoking prevention programmes and strategies must be implemented in all African nations. There is also the need to intensify interventions aimed at altering the smoking behaviour of male adolescents. Policymakers can develop and implement evidence-based interventions to address the burden of cigarette smoking among the adolescents. Finally, existing policies and programmes addressing adolescents' cigarette smoking should be re-assessed and strengthened to achieve their objectives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard Gyan Aboagye
- School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
- Department of Family and Community Health, Fred N. Binka School of Public Health, University of Health and Allied Sciences, PMB 31, Hohoe, Ghana.
| | - Aliu Mohammed
- Department of Health, Physical Education, and Recreation, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Precious Adade Duodu
- Department of Nursing, School of Human and Health Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, England, UK
| | | | - Abdul-Aziz Seidu
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia
- REMS Consultancy Services, Takoradi, Western Region, Ghana
| | - Bright Opoku Ahinkorah
- REMS Consultancy Services, Takoradi, Western Region, Ghana
- Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Halima Allahdad A, Ngari M, Mwiti Kibiti C, Udu Yusuf R, Mutua S, Budambula V. Shisha Consumption and Presence of Cotinine in Saliva Samples among Students in Public Universities in Coastal Kenya. Glob Health Epidemiol Genom 2024; 2024:5653709. [PMID: 39206219 PMCID: PMC11357821 DOI: 10.1155/2024/5653709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Despite the well-known adverse health effects of tobacco, shisha use among students in tertiary institutions remains a public health concern. In Kenya, the literature on status of shisha after the 2017 ban is scanty. This study sought to ascertain actual shisha use among university students along the coastal strip. Methods We investigated confirmed and self-reported shisha use. Using proportionate-to-size and snowball sampling methods, 380 respondents were enrolled from three universities. Sociodemographic characteristics and self-reported history of shisha use were documented using a participant-assisted questionnaire. Actual shisha use was determined qualitatively using 6 panel plus alcohol saliva test kit that detected cotinine use among other selected drugs. Results Of the 380 participants, 278 (73%) were males and their median (IQR) age was 22 (20-23) years. This study reports 29% current use based on testing positive for cotinine. Among those who reported current ever use of shisha, 19% tested positive for cotinine, respectively. In the multivariable analysis, being separated (adjusted risk ratio (aRR): 2.06 (95% CI: 1.45-2.94)) compared to being single and studying for a degree compared to a diploma (aRR: 1.32 (95% CI: 1.10-1.58)) were associated with cotinine positive. The 4th year of study (aRR: 1.68 (95% CI: 1.22-2.33)) compared to the 1st year and reported knowledge of shisha (aRR: 1.84 (95% CI: 1.18-2.87)) were associated with cotinine positive. Conclusion Nearly one-third of university students along the Kenyan coast are active shisha users. Saliva testing for cotinine is a more reliable method of reporting tobacco use. We recommend upscaling of health education, re-enforcement of the current ban on shisha consumption by concerned authorities, and saliva testing for cotinine while assessing current tobacco use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Moses Ngari
- KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
- Pwani University, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Cromwell Mwiti Kibiti
- Department of Pure and Applied SciencesTechnical University of Mombasa, Mombasa, Kenya
| | - Rahma Udu Yusuf
- Department of Pure and Applied SciencesTechnical University of Mombasa, Mombasa, Kenya
| | - Sylvia Mutua
- Department of Mass Communication StudiesTechnical University of Mombasa, Mombasa, Kenya
| | - Valentine Budambula
- Department of Environment and Health SciencesTechnical University of Mombasa, Mombasa, Kenya
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Adebisi YA, Phungdee T, Saokaew S, Lucero-Prisno DE. Prevalence and Determinants of Current Cigarette Smoking Among Adolescents in Thailand: Evidence From 2021 Global School-Based Health Survey. J Res Health Sci 2024; 24:e00610. [PMID: 39072546 PMCID: PMC11264455 DOI: 10.34172/jrhs.2024.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescent cigarette smoking remains a concern globally, including in Thailand. This research aimed to elucidate the prevalence and determinants of cigarette smoking among Thai adolescents. Study Design: A cross-sectional study. METHODS A cross-sectional analysis of data from the 2021 Thailand Global School-Based Health Survey with 5545 adolescents aged 13-17 with complete information was conducted on their cigarette smoking status. Bivariate analysis and multivariable logistic regression were performed to discern the determinants of tobacco smoking among adolescents. RESULTS The overall weighted prevalence of cigarette smoking was 11.5% (95% confidence interval [CI]=9.7%, 13.5%), with adolescent males at 18.2% (95% CI=15.3%, 21.4%) and adolescent females at 5.6% (95% CI=4.2%, 7.4%). The multivariable logistic regression also revealed that males were more likely to be smokers (Adjusted Odd Ratio [AOR]=1.58; 95% CI=1.02, 2.45, P=0.040) compared to females. The presence of smokers in their vicinity significantly increased the odds of smoking (AOR=2.21, 95% CI=1.46, 3.36, P<0.001). Current alcohol use (AOR=3.37, 95% CI=2.21-5.14, P<0.001) and current marijuana use (AOR=4.53, 95% CI=2.06, 9.99, P<0.001) were both significant determinants of smoking. Notably, early initiation of cigarette use (before age 14) was associated with a lower likelihood of current smoking (AOR=0.54, 95% CI=0.33, 0.92, P=0.022). CONCLUSION With an overall prevalence of smoking among adolescents at 11.5%, our study highlights a significant public health concern. The positive determinants of the identified tobacco smoking include being male, having smokers in their vicinity, and currently using alcohol, and marijuana, while early initiation of cigarette use before age 14 is identified as an inverse determinant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuff Adebayo Adebisi
- College of Social Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Research Department, Global Health Focus, Thailand
| | | | - Surasak Saokaew
- Division of Social and Administrative Practice, Department of Pharmaceutical Care, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand
- Center of Health Outcomes Research and Therapeutic Safety (Cohorts), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand
| | - Don Eliseo Lucero-Prisno
- Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom
- Office for Research, Innovation, and Extension Services, Southern Leyte State University, Sogod, Southern Leyte, Philippines
- Center for University Research, University of Makati, Makati City, Philippines
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Salari N, Rahimi S, Darvishi N, Abdolmaleki A, Mohammadi M. The global prevalence of E-cigarettes in youth: A comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis. PUBLIC HEALTH IN PRACTICE 2024; 7:100506. [PMID: 38817636 PMCID: PMC11137589 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhip.2024.100506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives Smoking, especially cigarettes, is known as one of the most common social and health problems among people. E-cigarettes are another form of tobacco that has been an ordinary daily occurrence.Study Design: systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods Systematic searching of databases was performed in Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, Science Direct, MagIran, IranDoc, SID and Google search engine based on the PRISMA 2020 guideline. This search was conducted by the end of May 2021. Following full-text assessments, the related data were extracted from the papers. Newcastle-Ottawa scale was also used to evaluate the quality of methodology of the articles. Finally, study analysis was performed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software (version 2) based on the random effect model. Results Global prevalence of E-cigarette in younger individuals was 16.8 (95 % CI: 10.6-25.6) and 4.8 (95 % CI: 3-7.6) in the Ever and Current modes of E-cigarette, respectively. We also found that E-cigarettes were used more common in young boys than young girls in both Ever and Current modes. In young boys, the prevalence of E-cigarette were 18.8 (95 % CI: 8.4-36.8) and 4.9 (95 % CI: 3-8) in both modes of Ever and Current, respectively. In young girls, these factors were 9.9 (95 % CI: 5-18.6) and 1.6 (95 % CI: 1-3.1) in both modes of Ever and Current, respectively. Conclusions The global prevalence of e-cigarettes among young people, especially young boys, is increasing. Based on this, the prevention and management of the damage of this social phenomenon requires comprehensive global study, planning and policy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nader Salari
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Sahel Rahimi
- Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Niloofar Darvishi
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing, Faculty of Nursing School, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Abdolmaleki
- Department of Operating Room, Nahavand School of Allied Medical Sciences, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Masoud Mohammadi
- Research Center for NonCommunicable Diseases, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Fakunle AG, Okekunle AP, Asowata OJ, Akpa O, Sarfo FS, Akpalu A, Wahab K, Obiako R, Komolafe M, Owolabi L, Osaigbovo GO, Adeoye AM, Tiwari HK, Uvere EO, Akinyemi J, Jenkins C, Arulogun O, Ibinaiye P, Appiah LT, Bello T, Singh A, Yaria J, Calys-Tagoe B, Ogbole G, Chukwuonye I, Melikam C, Adebayo P, Mensah Y, Adebayo O, Adeniyi S, Oguike W, Donna A, Akinyemi R, Ovbiagele B, Owolabi M. Non-cigarette Tobacco Use and Stroke Among West Africans: Evidence From the SIREN Study. Nicotine Tob Res 2024; 26:589-596. [PMID: 38015428 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntad239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Non-cigarette tobacco (NCT) represents a form of tobacco use with a misperceived significance in chronic disease events. Whether NCT use is sufficient to promote stroke events, especially among Africans, is yet to be understood. This study assessed the relationship between NCT use and stroke among indigenous Africans. METHODS A total of 7617 respondents (NCT users: 41 vs. non-NCT: 7576) from the Stroke Investigative Research and Educational Network (SIREN) study were included in the current analysis. NCT use was defined as self-reported use of smoked (cigars or piper) or smokeless (snuff or chewed) tobacco in the past year preceding stroke events. Stroke was defined based on clinical presentation and confirmed with a cranial computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging. Multivariable-adjusted logistic regression was applied to estimate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for the relationship of NCT with stroke at a two-sided p < .05. RESULTS Out of the 41 (0.54%) who reported NCT use, 27 (65.9%) reported using smokeless NCT. NCT users were older than non-NCT users (62.8 ± 15.7 vs. 57.7 ± 14.8 years). Overall, NCT use was associated with first-ever stroke (OR: 2.08; 95% CI: 1.02, 4.23) in the entire sample. Notably, smokeless NCT use was independently associated with higher odds of stroke (OR: 2.74; 95% CI: 1.15, 6.54), but smoked NCT use (OR: 0.16; 95% CI: 0.02, 1.63) presented a statistically insignificant association after adjusting for hypertension and other covariates. CONCLUSIONS NCT use was associated with higher odds of stroke, and public health interventions targeting NCT use might be promising in reducing the burden of stroke among indigenous Africans. IMPLICATIONS A detailed understanding of the relationship between NCT use and stroke will likely inform well-articulated policy guidance and evidence-based recommendations for public health prevention and management of stroke on the African continent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adekunle Gregory Fakunle
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
- Department of Public Health, Osun State University, Osogbo, Nigeria
| | - Akinkunmi Paul Okekunle
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Osahon Jeffery Asowata
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Onoja Akpa
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Fred S Sarfo
- Department of Medicine, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Albert Akpalu
- Department of Medicine, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana
| | - Kolawole Wahab
- Department of Medicine, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Reginald Obiako
- Department of Radiology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Morenikeji Komolafe
- Department of Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Lukman Owolabi
- Department of Medicine, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria
| | | | - Abiodun M Adeoye
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Hemant K Tiwari
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Ezinne O Uvere
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Joshua Akinyemi
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Carolyn Jenkins
- Department of Nursing, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Oyedunni Arulogun
- Department of Health Promotion and Education, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Philip Ibinaiye
- Department of Radiology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Lambert T Appiah
- Department of Medicine, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Temilade Bello
- Department of Public Health, Osun State University, Osogbo, Nigeria
| | - Arti Singh
- Department of Medicine, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Joseph Yaria
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Benedict Calys-Tagoe
- Department of Community Health, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana
| | - Godwin Ogbole
- Department of Radiology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | | | - Chidinma Melikam
- Department of Radiology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Philip Adebayo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Aga-Khan University, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Yaw Mensah
- Department of Radiology, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana
| | - Oladimeji Adebayo
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Sunday Adeniyi
- Department of Medicine, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Wisdom Oguike
- Department of Radiology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Arnett Donna
- College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Rufus Akinyemi
- Department of Medicine, Federal Medical Centre, Abeokuta, Nigeria
- Neuroscience and Ageing Research Unit, Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
- Center for Genomic and Precision Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Bruce Ovbiagele
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Mayowa Owolabi
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
- Center for Genomic and Precision Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
- Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Addo IY, Acquah E, Nyarko SH, Dickson KS, Boateng ENK, Ayebeng C. Exposure to pro-tobacco and anti-tobacco media messages and events and smoking behaviour among adolescents in Gambia. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1041. [PMID: 38622588 PMCID: PMC11017583 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18543-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the widespread prevalence of adolescent smoking in Gambia, a West African country, there is limited research exploring the relationships between exposure to pro-tobacco and anti-tobacco media messages and events and smoking behaviour among young people. This study investigates the interplay of these exposures and smoking behaviour among 11-17-year-old adolescents in Gambia. METHODS Secondary data analysis was conducted using the 2017 Gambia Global Youth and Tobacco Survey (GYTS), which included a total of 9,127 respondents. Descriptive and inferential analyses, including proportions, Pearson's chi-squared tests, and multivariable logistic regression models, were employed to estimate adjusted odds ratios (aOR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS The final model revealed significant associations between exposure to anti-tobacco media messages and events and smoking behaviour. Adolescents exposed to anti-tobacco media messages had a 29% increased odds of smoking (aOR 1.29,CI = 1.08,1.53) compared to those unexposed, while exposure to anti-tobacco media events showed a 31% increased odds (aOR 1.31,CI = 1.09,1.59) compared to those unexposed. Exposure to pro-tobacco messages, such as witnessing tobacco use on TV (aOR 1.41, CI = 1.17,1.69) and owning objects with tobacco brand logos (aOR 1.49,CI = 1.19,1.86), was associated with higher odds of smoking. Covariates, including sex, age, and exposure to smoking behaviour by significant others, also demonstrated associations with smoking behaviour. Notably, male respondents showed significantly higher odds of smoking (aOR = 4.01,CI = 3.28,4.89) compared to females. Respondents aged 15 years and older had increased odds of smoking (aOR = 1.47,CI = 1.22,1.76) compared to those below 15 years old. Those whose fathers smoke displayed higher odds of smoking (aOR = 1.35, CI = 1.04,1.76) compared to individuals with non-smoking parents. Additionally, those whose closest friends smoke showed remarkably higher odds of smoking (aOR = 2.87,CI = 2.37, 3.48) compared to those without such influence. CONCLUSION This study underscores the significant impact of exposure to both anti-tobacco and pro-tobacco media messages and events on smoking behaviour among adolescents in Gambia. However, pro-tobacco messages had a greater influence on smoking prevalence than anti-tobacco messages and events. Understanding these associations is crucial for devising effective public health interventions aimed at reducing tobacco use in this population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Yeboah Addo
- Concord Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Centre for Social Research in Health, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Evelyn Acquah
- Centre for Health Policy and Implementation Research, Institute of Health Research, University of Health, and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
| | - Samuel H Nyarko
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics & Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Kwamena S Dickson
- Department of Population and Health, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Ebenezer N K Boateng
- Department of Geography and Regional Planning, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Castro Ayebeng
- Department of Population and Health, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana.
- Department of Research and Advocacy, Challenging Heights, Winneba, Ghana.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Okekunle AP, Asowata OJ, Danladi DK, Ogunjuyigbe AS, Akpa OM. Association of second-hand smoking with sleep quality among adults in Ibadan, Nigeria: a cross-sectional evaluation of data from the COMBAT-CVDs study. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2024; 97:279-289. [PMID: 38252129 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-023-02042-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Sleep quality (SQ) is essential in the overall well-being and quality of life, but little is known about the association of secondhand smoking (SHS) with SQ. This study assessed the relationship between SHS and SQ among adults who had never smoked in Ibadan, Nigeria. METHODS We identified 3193 respondents who had never smoked or used any form of tobacco product in the Community-based Investigation of the Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Diseases in the Ibadan and suburbs (COMBAT-CVDs) study. SHS was self-reported, SQ assessed using a sleep quality scale, and SQ scores were classified by the quartile distributions of SQ scores in this sample as good (< 7), moderate (7-13), fair (14-20), and poor (≥ 21), and logistic regression models were used to estimate the multivariable-adjusted odds ratio and 95% confidence interval (CI) of the association between SHS and SQ in a two-sided test at P < 0.05. RESULTS The mean (SD) of age in this sample was 34.8 ± 15.1 years; 1621 (50.8%) were females, and 848 (26.6%) experienced SHS. The multivariable-adjusted odds by categories of SQ scores (using good SQ as reference) in the light of SHS were OR: 1.64 (95%CI 1.28, 2.12) for moderate SQ, OR: 1.88 (95%CI 1.46, 2.42) for fair SQ and OR: 2.14 (95%CI 1.66, 2.75) for poor SQ; P < 0.0001 after adjusting for relevant covariates. The sex- and age groups- stratified analyses revealed similar trends. CONCLUSION SHS is associated with higher odds of poor SQ in this study. Culturally relevant interventions for mitigating exposure to SHS might improve SQ and overall quality of life, particularly among vulnerable populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akinkunmi Paul Okekunle
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Faculty of Public Health, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, 200284, Nigeria
- The Postgraduate College, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, 200284, Nigeria
- Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Osahon Jeffery Asowata
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Faculty of Public Health, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, 200284, Nigeria
| | - David Kadan Danladi
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Faculty of Public Health, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, 200284, Nigeria
| | - Ayodeji Samson Ogunjuyigbe
- The Postgraduate College, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, 200284, Nigeria
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Technology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, 200284, Nigeria
| | - Onoja Matthew Akpa
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Faculty of Public Health, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, 200284, Nigeria.
- The Postgraduate College, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, 200284, Nigeria.
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, 200284, Nigeria.
- Division of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of Memphis, Memphis, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Liu H, Qi Q, Duan Y, Cui Y, Chen Y, Zhou C. Smoking Susceptibility and Trends Among Nonsmoking Adolescents: An International Study. Pediatrics 2024; 153:e2023062360. [PMID: 38415299 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2023-062360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Smoking susceptibility is defined as a lack of firm decision against smoking, usually starts in the preparation and/or initiation stages of smoking behavior, and is a strong predictor of smoking experimentation during adolescence. However, the recent global prevalence and trends in smoking susceptibility among adolescents are not well documented. This study assessed global smoking susceptibility and secular trends among nonsmoking adolescents. METHODS Smoking susceptibility was analyzed using the most recent data from the Global Youth Tobacco Survey from 129 countries, where the data from each country were drawn from at least 1 survey conducted at any time between 1999 and 2020. Moreover, data from 82 countries were used to assess the average annual rate of change (AARC) in smoking susceptibility over time. RESULTS Smoking susceptibility among nonsmoking adolescents was 19.6%. A U-shaped relationship was observed between susceptibility and a country's economic level. Most countries showed no changes in susceptibility over time. Countries with a significant upward trend in susceptibility were primarily high-income and upper middle-income countries in the American region. At the World Health Organization regional level, susceptibility significantly decreased in the European region (AARC: -3.5%; 95% confidence interval, -5.8 to -0.8); however, it significantly increased in the American region (AARC: 2.2%; 95% confidence interval, 1.3-3.1). CONCLUSIONS Smoking susceptibility remains a serious public health challenge among adolescents worldwide. More public health policies are needed to reduce susceptibility and to control its upward trend in the American region and high-income countries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huaqing Liu
- School of Public Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Qi Qi
- School of Public Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Ying Duan
- School of Public Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Yan Cui
- School of Public Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Yan Chen
- School of Public Health, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Chengchao Zhou
- Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Health Economics and Policy Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Londani M, Oladimeji O. Tobacco use and behaviour among South African adolescents and young adults: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e079657. [PMID: 38413155 PMCID: PMC10900320 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-079657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Tobacco use, particularly the initiation of smoking during adolescence and young adulthood, represents a significant public health concern in South Africa. This study aims to conduct a comprehensive review of published literature about tobacco use and behaviour among adolescents and young adults and to determine an aggregated prevalence estimate of tobacco use within this demographic. DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Scopus and Google Scholar were searched from 1 January 2000 through 31 October 2023. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Studies were eligible for inclusion if they were cross-sectional studies conducted in South Africa and measured the prevalence and determinants of tobacco use among adolescents and young adults aged 12-24 years. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS Two reviewers independently extracted information for each article and saved it into an Excel spreadsheet. Risk of bias analysis was conducted using the Risk of Bias Assessment Tool for non-randomised studies. The methodology quality of each selected study was evaluated using the Joanna Briggs Institute checklist. The heterogeneity of prevalence estimates was assessed using I2 statistic (random-effects DerSimonian-Laid approach). RESULTS Out of 73 articles identified, 12 articles were included in the analysis. The pooled prevalence of current tobacco use among South African adolescents and young adults was estimated to be 22%. The pooled prevalence of tobacco use among school dropouts, university students and secondary school learners was 51%, 20% and 16%, respectively. Stratifying using gender, boys (26%) were two times more likely to use tobacco than girls (13%). CONCLUSION The elevated occurrence of tobacco usage among South African adolescents and young adults is a relevant public health concern. There is a need for more population-based prevalence studies at a national level to estimate the burden of tobacco use in South Africa. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42023428369.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mukhethwa Londani
- Directorate of Research and Innovation, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Olanrewaju Oladimeji
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Aienobe-Asekharen C, Norris E, Martin W. A Scoping Review of Tobacco Control Health Communication in Africa: Moving towards Involving Young People. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:259. [PMID: 38541261 PMCID: PMC10970500 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21030259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Health communication has been highlighted as a cost-effective preventive intervention in Africa, where the prevalence of tobacco use is still relatively low compared to other World Health Organization (WHO) regions. This scoping review aimed to examine tobacco control health communication interventions in Africa. The review was guided by the PRISMA-ScR checklist. Data was extracted from 20 peer-reviewed papers, WHO Global Health Observatory on anti-tobacco mass-media campaigns for 54 African countries, and 6 WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control reports on Article 12. Data extraction informed by the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) data-extraction questions was used for peer-reviewed studies while a pre-determined template was used for the other sources. Narrative data synthesis informed by the JBI manual for evidence synthesis was employed. A lack of research that comprehensively addresses all areas of health communication and inconsistent use of health communication campaigns were identified. Only an average of 6 countries had ever implemented high-quality national mass-media campaigns in a decade, while an average of 33 countries consistently failed to conduct campaigns that lasted more than 3 weeks. Although the involvement of key populations was clearly vital to ensure content relevance and message clarity, a lack of health communication informed by young people was observed, as they rarely participated in key decision-making despite reportedly being the targets of interventions. Clear health communication for tobacco-use prevention informed by young people is lacking in African countries. Active participation of young people in developing targeted campaigns is needed to facilitate content relevance and comprehension to ultimately contribute to tobacco-use prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Wendy Martin
- Department of Health Sciences, Brunel University London, London UB8 3PH, UK; (C.A.-A.); (E.N.)
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Agaku IT, Sulentic R, Dragicevic A, Njie G, Jones CK, Odani S, Tsafa T, Gwar J, Vardavas CI, Ayo-Yusuf O. Gender differences in use of cigarette and non-cigarette tobacco products among adolescents aged 13-15 years in 20 African countries. Tob Induc Dis 2024; 22:TID-22-20. [PMID: 38259662 PMCID: PMC10801700 DOI: 10.18332/tid/169753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Examining gender differences in youth tobacco use is important as it aligns tobacco control within the context of broader human development goals seeking to eliminate gender inequalities. In this study, we examined gender differences in adolescent use of cigarettes, smokeless tobacco, shisha, and e-cigarettes in Africa. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study using data from the Global Youth Tobacco Survey. Our analytical sample comprised 56442 adolescents aged 13-15 years from 20 African countries. Weighted, country-specific prevalence estimates were computed overall and by gender. Adjusted prevalence ratios (APRs) were calculated in a multivariable Poisson regression model to examine whether correlates of tobacco use differed between boys and girls. RESULTS Ever cigarette smoking prevalence was significantly higher among boys than girls in 16 of the 20 countries, but a significantly higher percentage of girls reported earlier age of cigarette smoking initiation than boys within pooled analysis. Some of the largest gender differences in current cigarette smoking were seen in Algeria (12.2% vs 0.8%, boys and girls, respectively), Mauritius (21.2% vs 6.6%), and Madagascar (15.0% vs 4.1%). Current use of e-cigarettes, shisha, and smokeless tobacco was generally comparable between boys and girls where data existed. Among girls, higher levels of reported exposure to tobacco advertisement were positively associated with shisha smoking whereas perceived tobacco harm was inversely associated with current cigarette and shisha smoking. Among boys, perceived social acceptability of smoking at parties was associated with an increased likelihood of cigarette smoking (APR=2.27; 95% Cl: 1.20-4.30). CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of cigarette smoking among boys was higher than that of girls in many countries. However, girls who smoke tend to start at an earlier age than boys. Differential gender patterns of cigarette and non-cigarette tobacco product use among youth may have implications for future disease burden. As the tobacco control landscape evolves, tobacco prevention efforts should focus on all tobacco products, not just cigarettes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Israel T. Agaku
- School of Health Systems and Public Health, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Rose Sulentic
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Foundation, Atlanta, United States
| | - Adriana Dragicevic
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Foundation, Atlanta, United States
- Office on Smoking and Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, United States
| | - Gibril Njie
- Office on Smoking and Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, United States
| | - Candace K. Jones
- Office on Smoking and Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, United States
| | - Satomi Odani
- Osaka International Cancer Institute, Cancer Control Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tina Tsafa
- Department of Mass Communication, Benue State University, Makurdi, Nigeria
| | - Joy Gwar
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Federal Medical Centre Makurdi, Makurdi, Nigeria
| | - Constantine I. Vardavas
- Department of Oral Health Policy and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, United States
| | - Olalekan Ayo-Yusuf
- School of Health Systems and Public Health, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
MOUTAWAKKIL SG, EL-AMMARI A, EL MALKI H, RAGALA MEA, EL RHAZI K, ZARROUQ B. Prevalence of Tobacco Products' Use and Associated Factors Among Adolescents in Morocco: A Systematic Review. SUBSTANCE USE : RESEARCH AND TREATMENT 2024; 18:29768357241272370. [PMID: 39175911 PMCID: PMC11339743 DOI: 10.1177/29768357241272370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Tobacco use is the major preventable cause of premature death worldwide, responsible for about 8 million deaths per year, mostly in low- and middle-income countries, such as Morocco. Adolescents' tobacco use is a matter of concern, because early initiation increases the risk of becoming a lifelong user. There exists a notable gap in the synthesis of evidence concerning tobacco use among Moroccan adolescents. Thus, the purpose of this study was to provide a comprehensive view of the prevalence of tobacco products' use and associated factors among adolescents in Morocco. Methods We systematically searched PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and ScienceDirect for relevant studies reporting prevalence rates of tobacco products' use among Moroccan adolescents, published until June 2024, using inclusion and exclusion criteria in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Additional searches were completed on other sources to reach unpublished reports. The Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist was used to assess the quality of included studies. Results After the final screening, 22 papers met the inclusion criteria. Life-time prevalence of tobacco use ranged from 7.8% to 20.4% for cigarettes smoking, from 10.6% to 21.9% for waterpipe, from 7.9% to 9.1% for chewing tobacco and from 9.2% to 12.4% for snuff. The last 12-month prevalence of cigarette smoking was comprised between 6.9% and 10.8%. As for the prevalence of current use, ranges of (1.8%-16.4%) and (4.9%-8.4%) were noted for cigarettes and waterpipe, respectively. The most commonly highlighted risk factors for tobacco use included male sex, older age, having friends or family members who use tobacco and low perception of risk associated with tobacco use. Conclusion Our findings reveal an alarming situation of tobacco use among Moroccan adolescents. Therefore, it is crucial that all stakeholders engage in concerted efforts to develop and implement evidence-based preventive interventions among early adolescents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Salma Ghofrane MOUTAWAKKIL
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Research in Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy, and Dental Medicine, Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdallah University, Fez, Morocco
| | - Abdelfettah EL-AMMARI
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Research in Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy, and Dental Medicine, Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdallah University, Fez, Morocco
| | - Hicham EL MALKI
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Research in Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy, and Dental Medicine, Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdallah University, Fez, Morocco
| | - Mohammed El Amine RAGALA
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Research in Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy, and Dental Medicine, Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdallah University, Fez, Morocco
- Department of Biology and Geology, Teacher’s Training College (Ecole Normale Supérieure), Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdallah University, Fez, Morocco
| | - Karima EL RHAZI
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Research in Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy, and Dental Medicine, Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdallah University, Fez, Morocco
| | - Btissame ZARROUQ
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Research in Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy, and Dental Medicine, Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdallah University, Fez, Morocco
- Department of Biology and Geology, Teacher’s Training College (Ecole Normale Supérieure), Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdallah University, Fez, Morocco
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Scully M, Greenhalgh E, Bain E, Wakefield M, Durkin S, White V. E-cigarette use and other risk factors associated with tobacco smoking susceptibility among Australian adolescents. Aust N Z J Public Health 2023; 47:100076. [PMID: 37620243 DOI: 10.1016/j.anzjph.2023.100076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore risk factors for smoking susceptibility among Australian adolescents to inform prevention policies and programs. METHODS Cross-sectional survey of students aged 12-17 years who reported having never smoked (n=4,171). Bivariate associations between smoking susceptibility and a range of factors previously linked to youth smoking and smoking susceptibility were initially examined, with significant factors (p<0.05) included in a final multivariable logistic regression model. RESULTS Eleven percent of adolescents who had never smoked were susceptible to smoking. Smoking susceptibility was independently associated with ever use of e-cigarettes (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]=3.26, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.83-5.81), perceiving those who smoke to be more popular (AOR=2.87, 95% CI: 1.62-5.10), having a close friend/s who smokes (AOR=2.66, 95% CI: 1.61-4.40), not perceiving smoking one or two cigarettes occasionally as personally dangerous (AOR=2.56, 95% CI: 1.61-4.09), and having symptoms of depression (AOR=1.59, 95% CI: 1.06-2.38). CONCLUSIONS The strongest smoking-initiation risk factor identified was ever use of e-cigarettes, with social norms, harm misperceptions around low-rate tobacco use and mental health also linked to smoking susceptibility. IMPLICATIONS FOR PUBLIC HEALTH Stronger e-cigarette regulations that reduce promotion to and access by youth, as well as interventions addressing the other identified risk factors, may help prevent future smoking uptake among Australian adolescents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maree Scully
- Centre for Behavioural Research in Cancer, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia.
| | | | - Emily Bain
- Centre for Behavioural Research in Cancer, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Melanie Wakefield
- Centre for Behavioural Research in Cancer, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia; Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Sarah Durkin
- Centre for Behavioural Research in Cancer, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia; Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Victoria White
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Burwood, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Sheikh ZD, Branston JR, van der Zee K, Gilmore AB. How has the tobacco industry passed tax changes through to consumers in 12 sub-Saharan African countries? Tob Control 2023:tc-2023-058054. [PMID: 37567600 DOI: 10.1136/tc-2023-058054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tobacco taxation is only effective in reducing consumption when it is translated into higher prices. This study aims to investigate to what extent the tobacco industry (TI) passes tax increases over to consumers by increasing the retail price of cigarettes in 12 sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries. METHODS African Cigarette Prices Project and WHO's Global Tobacco Epidemic Reports data were used to calculate the rate of tax pass-through by decomposing the retail price of cigarettes into tax and net prices between 2016 and 2020. Percentage change in net price was used to identify industry pricing behaviour, in both packs and single-stick sales. TI pricing strategies were examined by country, producer type, producers, and cigarette price segment. RESULTS There were mixed TI strategies, with taxes primarily overshifted (Botswana, Madagascar, Tanzania, Zimbabwe), undershifted (Ethiopia, Lesotho, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Zambia) or a mix of both (Malawi, Nigeria). The detail varied between countries, over time, and between the different brands/segments offered. Patterns for single-stick sales were broadly similar to that of packs but with some differences observed in particular countries/years. Pricing strategies for the various transnational tobacco companies and domestic producers were similar but the changes in net price for the latter were larger. The country tax level/type and the size of tax change did not seem to be an obvious influence. CONCLUSION This paper provides an overview of TI pricing strategies in response to tax increases in SSA. Governments must monitor how the TI responds to tax changes to ensure that tax increases are effective in impacting price.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kirsten van der Zee
- School of Economics, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Western Cape, South Africa
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Worth T. African countries fight for tobacco control. Nature 2023; 618:S4-S6. [PMID: 37286652 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-023-01838-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
|
17
|
Ma C, Yang H, Sun J, Zhao M, Magnussen CG, Xi B. Proportions of and trends in exposure to pro-tobacco and anti-tobacco advertisements among young adolescents aged 12-16 years in 142 countries and territories, 1999-2018: an analysis of repeated cross-sectional surveys. Lancet Glob Health 2023; 11:e586-e596. [PMID: 36925178 DOI: 10.1016/s2214-109x(23)00041-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The proportions and trends in exposure to pro-tobacco and anti-tobacco advertisements among young people remain unknown globally. We determined recent (2010-18) proportions of exposure to pro-tobacco and anti-tobacco advertisements among young adolescents and their secular trends from 1999 to 2018. METHODS In this analysis of repeated cross-sectional surveys, we used the most recent data from 142 countries and territories (hereafter referred to as countries) collected between Jan 1, 2010, and Dec 31, 2018, comprising 710 191 participants, to assess the proportions of exposure to pro-tobacco and anti-tobacco advertisements among young adolescents aged 12-16 years. Data from 120 countries that had performed two or more Global Youth Tobacco Surveys between Jan 1, 1999, and Dec 31, 2018, comprising 1 482 031 participants, were used to assess trends in the proportions of exposure to pro-tobacco and anti-tobacco advertisements over time. A χ2 test analysis was used for proportion comparisons between subgroups. Exposure to pro-tobacco and anti-tobacco advertisements were calculated as proportions using sampling weights, strata, and primary sampling units. FINDINGS The most recent global proportion of past 30-day exposure to tobacco advertisements among young adolescents was 433 585 (64·6%) of 710 191 (95% CI 63·5-65·7; all final percentages were weighted) for messages on electronic media, 206 766 (33·1%) of 710 191 (31·9-34·4) for exposure at the point of sale, and 63 385 (10·2%) of 710 191 (9·7-10·6) for owning something with a tobacco brand logo. The most recent global proportion of exposure to anti-tobacco advertisements was 431 862 (63·6%) of 710 191 (62·3-64·9) for messages on electronic media and 227 658 (34·1%) of 710 191 (32·8-35·3) for exposure to gathering activities. The majority of included countries showed a decreasing trend in exposure to tobacco advertisements (111 [93%] of 120) and anti-tobacco advertisements (110 [92%] of 120) between 1999 and 2018. INTERPRETATION Among young adolescents, exposure to tobacco advertisements remains high, and exposure to anti-tobacco advertisements is not high enough. The proportion of young adolescents exposed to pro-tobacco and anti-tobacco advertisements had decreased over time in the majority of included countries. These findings underscore the importance of strict implementation of regulation on tobacco control including strengthening anti-tobacco marketing and prohibiting tobacco marketing. FUNDING Youth Team of Humanistic and Social Science of Shandong University. TRANSLATION For the Chinese translation of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chuanwei Ma
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jiahong Sun
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Min Zhao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Costan G Magnussen
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Bo Xi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Tulsidás S, Fontes F, Brandão M, Lunet N, Carrilho C. Oncology in Mozambique: Overview of the Diagnostic, Treatment, and Research Capacity. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15041163. [PMID: 36831505 PMCID: PMC9953997 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15041163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Mozambique is one of the poorest countries worldwide, with nearly two thirds of the population living below the poverty line. Similarly to other less developed countries, there is a weak provision of health care for non-communicable diseases due to competing priorities with infectious diseases. Although the leading causes of death in Mozambique in 2019 were Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome/Human Immunodeficiency Virus and other sexually transmitted diseases and respiratory infections and tuberculosis, with increasing urbanization and westernization of lifestyles, deaths attributed to cancer are also on the rise. This review summarizes cancer burden, cancer prevention and screening, cancer care resources, and trends in cancer training and research in Mozambique, providing a background for the development of cancer care policies in the country.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Satish Tulsidás
- Serviço de Oncologia Médica, Hospital Central de Maputo, nº 1653 Avenida Eduardo Mondlane, Maputo 1101, Mozambique
- EPIUnit–Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, n° 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, n° 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
| | - Filipa Fontes
- EPIUnit–Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, n° 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, n° 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Ciências da Saúde Pública e Forenses e Educação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Rua Doutor Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
- Unidade de Investigação em Enfermagem Oncológica, Centro de Investigação do Instituto Português de Oncologia do Porto, Rua Dr António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Mariana Brandão
- EPIUnit–Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, n° 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, n° 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Rue Meylemeersch 90, 1070 Anderlecht, Belgium
| | - Nuno Lunet
- EPIUnit–Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, n° 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, n° 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Ciências da Saúde Pública e Forenses e Educação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Rua Doutor Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
| | - Carla Carrilho
- Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, Avenida Salvador Allende, nº 702, Maputo 1101, Mozambique
- Serviço de Anatomia Patológica, Hospital Central de Maputo, Avenida Eduardo Mondlane, nº 1653, Maputo 1101, Mozambique
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +258-823055650
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Sabde YD, Yadav V, Pakhare AP, Kumar S, Joshi A, Joshi R. Association of tobacco use with the tobacco-related built environment: an ecological study from urban slums of Bhopal, India. Glob Health Res Policy 2023; 8:3. [PMID: 36765399 PMCID: PMC9912494 DOI: 10.1186/s41256-023-00287-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tobacco is one of the biggest public health problems and a major risk factor for various non-communicable diseases (NCDs). An important aspect of tobacco control strategy could include modifications in the tobacco-related built environment. This study investigated the association between tobacco shop density and tobacco use prevalence in the urban slums of Bhopal city, India. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional survey to obtain the distribution of tobacco-related built environment (tobacco shops) in the neighbourhood (400-m service area) of 32 urban slum clusters of Bhopal. We plotted this distribution using the 'network service area analysis' in ArcMap 10.7.1 software. Then, we used an ecological design to determine the association between tobacco shop density and tobacco use prevalence in these 32 clusters (N = 6214 adult inhabitants). We used multiple linear regression analysis to estimate the regression coefficient (adjusted for socio-demographic variables) between tobacco use and tobacco shop density at the cluster level. RESULTS The prevalence of tobacco use among all 32 slum clusters ranged from 22.1 to 59.6% (median 40.9% with IQR 31.8-44.2). There were 194 tobacco shops situated in the neighbourhood of all clusters. The median density of tobacco shops was 59.40/km2 (IQR 39.9-108.1/km2) in the neighbourhoods of slum clusters. Tobacco use prevalence was significantly associated with tobacco shop density (estimate or B = 0.071, p value = 0.002) after adjusting for age, literacy, wealth index, and gender ratio. CONCLUSIONS Tobacco use prevalence is significantly associated with tobacco shop density in the slums of Bhopal city in central India. We need to develop appropriate built environment interventions to control rampant tobacco use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yogesh Damodar Sabde
- Environmental Health and Epidemiology, ICMR- National Institute of Research in Environmental Health (ICMR-NIREH), Bhopal, MP 462030 India
| | - Vikas Yadav
- Environmental Health and Epidemiology, ICMR- National Institute of Research in Environmental Health (ICMR-NIREH), Bhopal, MP, 462030, India.
| | - Abhijit P. Pakhare
- grid.464753.70000 0004 4660 3923Department of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, MP 462020 India
| | - Sanjeev Kumar
- grid.464753.70000 0004 4660 3923Department of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, MP 462020 India
| | - Ankur Joshi
- grid.464753.70000 0004 4660 3923Department of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, MP 462020 India
| | - Rajnish Joshi
- grid.464753.70000 0004 4660 3923Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, MP 462020 India
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
James PB, Kabba JA, Bah AJ, Idriss A, Kitchen C, Conteh EB, Lahai M, Dalinjong PA. Current tobacco use and susceptibility to using tobacco among non-users of tobacco: A cross-sectional study among school-going adolescents in Sierra Leone. Tob Induc Dis 2023; 21:16. [PMID: 36762263 PMCID: PMC9885443 DOI: 10.18332/tid/157091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tobacco use is a global health threat associated with a high disease burden and death. Current tobacco use and susceptibility to using tobacco products among adolescents who are potential adult tobacco users have not been explored in Sierra Leone. Thus, we aimed to estimate the prevalence and correlates of current tobacco use and tobacco non-users susceptibility to using tobacco amongst high school students in Sierra Leone. METHODS We used data obtained from the 2017 Sierra Leone Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS), which presented information collected from 6680 students aged 11-17 years nationwide. Gender-based correlates of current use and susceptibility to using tobacco among non-tobacco users were determined by complex sample logistic regression analyses. Adjusted odds ratios (AOR) and respective 95% confidence intervals (CIs) are reported. A p<0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS The prevalence of current tobacco use among high school adolescents in Sierra Leone was 24.6%, higher in males (27.9%) than in females (18.6%). Male (AOR=1.50; 95% CI: 1.18-1.91), parental smoking (AOR=1.73; 95% CI: 1.32-2.26) exposure to household secondhand smoke (AOR=1.82; 95% CI: 1.27-2.62), having peers who smoke (AOR=2.24; 95% CI: 1.51-3.31) were more likely to be currently using tobacco. The overall tobacco non-users susceptibility to using tobacco among adolescents in Sierra Leone was 18.2% (males 18.0%, females 18.5%). Exposure to tobacco promotion (AOR=1.50; 95% CI: 1.06-2.10) and non-exposure to anti-smoking education (AOR=1.39; 95% CI: 1.05-1.86) were significantly associated with tobacco non-users' susceptibility to using tobacco. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that one in four school-going adolescents currently uses tobacco, with nearly one in five non-users susceptible to using tobacco. Given the high prevalence of tobacco product use among adults in Sierra Leone, our findings highlight the need for policies and interventions to prevent tobacco use behavior among adolescents, aimed at averting tobacco use in adulthood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter B. James
- National Centre for Naturopathic Medicine, Faculty of Health, Southern Cross University, Lismore, Australia
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, University of Sierra Leone, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | - John A. Kabba
- Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Abdulai J. Bah
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, University of Sierra Leone, Freetown, Sierra Leone
- Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, University of Sierra Leone, Freetown, Sierra Leone
- Institute for Global Health and Development, Queen Margaret University Edinburg, Musselburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Ayesha Idriss
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, University of Sierra Leone, Freetown, Sierra Leone
- Institute for Global Health and Development, Queen Margaret University Edinburg, Musselburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Chenai Kitchen
- Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Eugene B. Conteh
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, University of Sierra Leone, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | - Michael Lahai
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, University of Sierra Leone, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Argefa TG, Carnegie T, Kassa SA, Kitonyo-Devotsu R, Mdege ND. Tobacco advertising, promotion, and sponsorship (TAPS) in Ethiopia: a scoping review and narrative synthesis. JOURNAL OF GLOBAL HEALTH REPORTS 2023. [DOI: 10.29392/001c.57372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tobacco advertising, promotion and sponsorship (TAPS) has been shown to increase tobacco use in both adults and young people. In Ethiopia, TAPS is recognised as a top priority for the government, and all tobacco advertising, promotion, and sponsorship forms are prohibited. There is recognition that there are gaps in the evidence needed to inform policy and practice on TAPS, but the extent and nature of these gaps have not been explored. This review was aimed at understanding the extent and nature of the evidence gaps on TAPS in Ethiopia and identifying primary research priorities to inform future research direction. Methods Systematic searches were conducted in February 2022 in the following research databases: Medline, EMBASE, and PsycInfo. Two reviewers independently screened the study reports for eligibility and extracted data from the eligible studies. The extracted data was collated and summarised descriptively and policy, practice, and research recommendations were drawn. Research topics on TAPS in Ethiopia that stakeholders perceived to be priorities for primary research were identified through a consultation workshop. Results 579 research reports were identified, and only six studies were included in the scoping review. The included studies explored the following topics: the use of tobacco imagery in movies/films (two studies); the association between mass media exposure or home internet access and tobacco use (two studies), watching of televised football and tobacco smoking in adolescents (one study), exposure to point-of-sale advertising of tobacco products and daily occurrence of smoking or second-hand smoke exposure in the home among women (one study), and exposure to anti-smoking messages through mass media and disparities in risk perceptions across socio-economic and urban-rural subgroups (one study). None of the included studies investigated tobacco-related sponsorship. The top research priority topics identified by stakeholders in Ethiopia were: 1) barriers and facilitators to TAPS policy implementation, enforcement, and compliance monitoring; and 2) developing and testing effective, low-cost, and scalable strategies for TAPS enforcement and compliance monitoring. Conclusions There is a need for research evidence to inform policy and practice on TAPS in Ethiopia, particularly on barriers and facilitators to TAPS policy implementation, enforcement, compliance monitoring, and effective, low-cost, and scalable strategies for TAPS enforcement and compliance monitoring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Terefe G. Argefa
- ICAP at Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Development Gateway: an IREX Venture, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Tyryn Carnegie
- Development Gateway: an IREX Venture, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Selam A. Kassa
- Development Gateway: an IREX Venture, Washington, DC, United States
| | | | - Noreen D. Mdege
- Development Gateway: an IREX Venture, Washington, DC, United States
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, United Kingdom
- Centre for Research in Health and Development, Amos Drive, York, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Logo DD, Enuameh Y, Adjei G, Singh A, Nakua E, Dassah E, Oppong FB, Owusu-Dabo E. Effectiveness of school-based interventions for preventing tobacco smoking initiation among young people in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review protocol. Syst Rev 2022; 11:253. [PMID: 36419138 PMCID: PMC9685963 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-022-02127-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the commendable progress made globally in tobacco control, the world is falling short of achieving a 30% relative reduction in current tobacco use by 2025. The African region remains the least in the efforts in fighting the tobacco epidemic and is most exploited by the tobacco industry. Schools have been continuously used for over three decades as a setting for delivering youth smoking prevention programmes; however, the evidence of the effectiveness of those school-based interventions provides varying outcomes. Also, interventions that proved to be effective, in high-income countries (HICs), may not necessarily be effective in the African region as a result of cultural differences and other contrasting factors. An existing systematic review that explored school-based tobacco prevention programmes among the youth in African countries from 2000 to 2016 showed partial effectiveness. This review will address the gap by updating the 2016 review to examine studies in LMICs to generate findings to help target resources which have the potential to save lives by preventing smoking initiation among young people. METHODS The JBI methodology for systematic reviews of effectiveness will guide the conduct of this review. A comprehensive strategic search will be developed to retrieve both published and unpublished studies that evaluate school-based interventions to prevent tobacco smoking initiation among in-school young people in LMICs compared to non-intervention programmes. Published studies would be from databases such as MEDLINE via Ovid, CINAHL via EBSCO, Embase, PsycINFO, PsycEXTRA, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. Sources of grey literature would be ProQuest Dissertations and Theses, MedNar, EBSCO Open Dissertations, Open Access Theses and Dissertations, and Trove. The databases will be searched for published studies in the English language. The processes of study selection, critical appraisal, data extraction, and data synthesis will be in accordance with the JBI approach for reviews of effectiveness with a minimum of two reviewers at each stage. The primary outcome of the review will be the non-initiation of tobacco smoking by the youth. DISCUSSION The review will provide synthesized evidence on the effectiveness of school-based smoking initiation prevention among young people in LMICs. The findings of the review would support policymakers and programme implementers to develop targeted interventions for effective tobacco control initiatives. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42021246206.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Divine Darlington Logo
- Ghana Health Service, Research and Development Division, Accra, Ghana.,Department of Global and International Health, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Yeetey Enuameh
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.,Department of Community Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, College of Health and Allied Science, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - George Adjei
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, College of Health and Allied Science, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana.,Department of Population and Reproductive Health, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Arti Singh
- Department of Global and International Health, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Emmanuel Nakua
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Edward Dassah
- Global Statistical Institute, Global Statistical Institute, Techiman, Ghana
| | | | - Ellis Owusu-Dabo
- Department of Global and International Health, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Sreeramareddy CT, Manoharan A. Smokeless tobacco consumption and its association with tobacco control factors in the Western Pacific Region: results from the Global Youth Tobacco Survey 2015-2019. Epidemiol Health 2022; 44:e2022103. [PMID: 36397245 PMCID: PMC10185971 DOI: 10.4178/epih.e2022103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We estimated the prevalence of smokeless tobacco (ST) consumption and its associations with tobacco control factors among school-going youth in 18 Western Pacific Region (WPR) countries. METHODS We analyzed school-based Global Youth Tobacco Survey (2014-2019) microdata from 18 WPR countries and estimated weighted prevalence rates of ST consumption, cigarette smoking, and dual use. We used multilevel binary logistic regression to examine the associations of ST consumption and dual use with demographic variables, exposure to pro-tobacco and anti-tobacco factors, national income, and MPOWER indicators. RESULTS Data from 58,263 school-going youth were analyzed. The prevalence of past 30-day ST consumption was highest in Kiribati (42.1%), the Marshall Islands (26.1%), Micronesia (21.3%), Palau (16.0%), and Papua New Guinea (15.2%). In adjusted multilevel models, ST consumption and dual use were significantly associated with sex, age, parental smoking, pro-tobacco factors, national income, and MPOWER score. For each unit increase in score for cessation programs, we observed approximately 1.4-fold increases in the odds of youth ST consumption (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.38; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.15 to 1.66) and dual use (aOR, 1.47; 95% CI, 1.16 to 1.86). Similarly, for each unit increase in score for health-related warnings, the odds of both ST consumption (aOR, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.42 to 0.53) and dual use (aOR, 0.35; 95% CI, 0.30 to 0.42) decreased by approximately 60%. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of youth ST consumption was substantial in the Pacific Islands, exceeding that of cigarette smoking in some countries. Implementing MPOWER measures for ST products could help reduce ST consumption.
Collapse
|
24
|
Konstantinidou F, Budani MC, Marconi GD, Gonnella F, Sarra A, Trubiani O, Stuppia L, Tiboni GM, Gatta V. The Aftermath of Long-Term Cigarette Smoking on Telomere Length and Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number in Human Cumulus Cells Prior to In Vitro Fertilization-A Pilot Study. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11091841. [PMID: 36139914 PMCID: PMC9495883 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoking among women of reproductive age is known to take a toll on systemic health and fertility potential by severely impacting ovarian tissues and cells, such as granulosa and cumulus cells (CCs). The purpose of this study was to determine the potential damage caused by tobacco smoke at a molecular level in the CCs of females who had undergone in vitro fertilization. The level of intracellular damage was determined by estimating the average telomere length (TL) and mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNA-CN), as well as the expression profile of telomere maintenance genes TERF1, TERF2, POT1 and microRNAs miR-155, miR-23a and miR-185. Western blotting analysis was performed to detect consequent protein levels of TERF1, TERF2 and POT1. Our results evidenced significantly lower relative TL and mtDNA-CN and a down-regulation pattern for all three described genes and corresponding proteins in the CCs of smokers compared with controls (p < 0.05). No significant differences were found in the miRNAs’ modulation. Combined, our data add another piece to the puzzle of the complex regulatory molecular networks controlling the general effects of tobacco smoke in CCs. This pilot study extends the until now modest number of studies simultaneously investigating the mtDNA-CN and TL pathways in the human CCs of smoking women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fani Konstantinidou
- Department of Psychological Health and Territorial Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Unit of Molecular Genetics, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Faculty of Bioscience, Agri-Food and Environmental Technologies, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Budani
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Guya Diletta Marconi
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Francesca Gonnella
- Department of Psychological Health and Territorial Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Unit of Molecular Genetics, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Faculty of Bioscience, Agri-Food and Environmental Technologies, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Annalina Sarra
- Department of Philosophical, Pedagogical and Quantitative Economic Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Oriana Trubiani
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Liborio Stuppia
- Department of Psychological Health and Territorial Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Unit of Molecular Genetics, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Gian Mario Tiboni
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Valentina Gatta
- Department of Psychological Health and Territorial Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Unit of Molecular Genetics, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Folayan MO, Alade O, Adeyemo Y, Sabbagh HJ, Oyapero A, Oziegbe EO, Popoola BO, Quritum M, El Tantawi M. Differences in risk indicators associated with electronic cigarette use and tobacco smoking among adolescents and young people in Nigeria. BMJ Open Respir Res 2022; 9:9/1/e001285. [PMID: 36109086 PMCID: PMC9478830 DOI: 10.1136/bmjresp-2022-001285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The study determined the proportion of adolescents and young persons (AYP) in Nigeria who use e-cigarettes and smoke tobacco; and identified factors associated with the use of e-cigarettes and tobacco smoking. Methods AYP aged 11–23 years were recruited to participate in an online survey. The independent variables were respondents’ health, HIV and COVID-19 status and their level of anxiety. The dependent variables were tobacco smoking and use of e-cigarettes. Binary logistic regression was used to determine the associations between the dependent and independent variables after adjusting for confounders (age, sex, educational level and vulnerability status). Results There were 2206 respondents of which 568 (19.8%) used e-cigarettes and 787 (27.4%) smoked tobacco. Individual (18–23 years, having a health condition, high anxiety and being vulnerable) and familial (having father, mother, siblings or friends who used e-cigarettes) factors were associated with both the use of e-cigarettes and tobacco smoking. Tobacco smoking was a significant risk indicator for e-cigarettes use and vice versa. COVID-19 infection (adjusted OR, AOR: 3.602) and living with HIV (AOR: 1.898) were associated with higher odds of using e-cigarettes. Males (AOR: 1.577), 15–17 years (AOR: 6.621) and moderate anxiety (AOR: 2.500) were associated with higher odds of tobacco smoking. AYP with health conditions had higher odds of using e-cigarettes (AOR: 1.514) while AYP with moderate anxiety had lower odds of using e-cigarettes (AOR: 0.627). Conclusion The proportion of AYP in Nigeria who used e-cigarettes and smoked tobacco is high. Public health interventions that target the common risk factors for e-cigarettes use and tobacco smoking among AYP in Nigeria are urgently needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Omolola Alade
- Department of Peventive and Community Dentistry, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Yewande Adeyemo
- Department of Child Dental Health, Bayero University Kano, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Heba Jafar Sabbagh
- Preventive Dental Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Dental School, Dundee University, UK
| | - Afolabi Oyapero
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Ojo, Nigeria
| | - Elizabeth O Oziegbe
- Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | | | - Maryam Quritum
- Department of Peventive and Community Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Maha El Tantawi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|