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Teodorowski P, Jones E, Tahir N, Ahmed S, Rodgers SE, Frith L. Public Involvement and Engagement in Big Data Research: Scoping Review. J Particip Med 2024; 16:e56673. [PMID: 39150751 PMCID: PMC11364952 DOI: 10.2196/56673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The success of big data initiatives depends on public support. Public involvement and engagement could be a way of establishing public support for big data research. OBJECTIVE This review aims to synthesize the evidence on public involvement and engagement in big data research. METHODS This scoping review mapped the current evidence on public involvement and engagement activities in big data research. We searched 5 electronic databases, followed by additional manual searches of Google Scholar and gray literature. In total, 2 public contributors were involved at all stages of the review. RESULTS A total of 53 papers were included in the scoping review. The review showed the ways in which the public could be involved and engaged in big data research. The papers discussed a broad range of involvement activities, who could be involved or engaged, and the importance of the context in which public involvement and engagement occur. The findings show how public involvement, engagement, and consultation could be delivered in big data research. Furthermore, the review provides examples of potential outcomes that were produced by involving and engaging the public in big data research. CONCLUSIONS This review provides an overview of the current evidence on public involvement and engagement in big data research. While the evidence is mostly derived from discussion papers, it is still valuable in illustrating how public involvement and engagement in big data research can be implemented and what outcomes they may yield. Further research and evaluation of public involvement and engagement in big data research are needed to better understand how to effectively involve and engage the public in big data research. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) RR2-https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-050167.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Teodorowski
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Sport, University of Stirling, Stirling, United Kingdom
| | - Elisa Jones
- Department of Public Health, Policy & Systems, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Naheed Tahir
- National Institute for Health and Care Research Applied Research Collaboration North West Coast, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Saiqa Ahmed
- National Institute for Health and Care Research Applied Research Collaboration North West Coast, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah E Rodgers
- Department of Public Health, Policy & Systems, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Lucy Frith
- Centre for Social Ethics and Policy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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2
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Rahimzadeh V, Baek J, Lawson J, Dove ES. A qualitative interview study to determine barriers and facilitators of implementing automated decision support tools for genomic data access. BMC Med Ethics 2024; 25:51. [PMID: 38706004 PMCID: PMC11070093 DOI: 10.1186/s12910-024-01050-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Data access committees (DAC) gatekeep access to secured genomic and related health datasets yet are challenged to keep pace with the rising volume and complexity of data generation. Automated decision support (ADS) systems have been shown to support consistency, compliance, and coordination of data access review decisions. However, we lack understanding of how DAC members perceive the value add of ADS, if any, on the quality and effectiveness of their reviews. In this qualitative study, we report findings from 13 semi-structured interviews with DAC members from around the world to identify relevant barriers and facilitators to implementing ADS for genomic data access management. Participants generally supported pilot studies that test ADS performance, for example in cataloging data types, verifying user credentials and tagging datasets for use terms. Concerns related to over-automation, lack of human oversight, low prioritization, and misalignment with institutional missions tempered enthusiasm for ADS among the DAC members we engaged. Tensions for change in institutional settings within which DACs operated was a powerful motivator for why DAC members considered the implementation of ADS into their access workflows, as well as perceptions of the relative advantage of ADS over the status quo. Future research is needed to build the evidence base around the comparative effectiveness and decisional outcomes of institutions that do/not use ADS into their workflows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Rahimzadeh
- Center for Medical Ethics and Health Policy, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Suite 310DF, Houston, TX, 77098, USA.
| | - Jinyoung Baek
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Edward S Dove
- School of Law, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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3
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McKay F, Williams BJ, Prestwich G, Bansal D, Treanor D, Hallowell N. Artificial intelligence and medical research databases: ethical review by data access committees. BMC Med Ethics 2023; 24:49. [PMID: 37422629 PMCID: PMC10329342 DOI: 10.1186/s12910-023-00927-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been argued that ethics review committees-e.g., Research Ethics Committees, Institutional Review Boards, etc.- have weaknesses in reviewing big data and artificial intelligence research. For instance, they may, due to the novelty of the area, lack the relevant expertise for judging collective risks and benefits of such research, or they may exempt it from review in instances involving de-identified data. MAIN BODY Focusing on the example of medical research databases we highlight here ethical issues around de-identified data sharing which motivate the need for review where oversight by ethics committees is weak. Though some argue for ethics committee reform to overcome these weaknesses, it is unclear whether or when that will happen. Hence, we argue that ethical review can be done by data access committees, since they have de facto purview of big data and artificial intelligence projects, relevant technical expertise and governance knowledge, and already take on some functions of ethical review. That said, like ethics committees, they may have functional weaknesses in their review capabilities. To strengthen that function, data access committees must think clearly about the kinds of ethical expertise, both professional and lay, that they draw upon to support their work. CONCLUSION Data access committees can undertake ethical review of medical research databases provided they enhance that review function through professional and lay ethical expertise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis McKay
- Population Health Sciences Institute, University of Newcastle, NE2 4AX Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Bethany J. Williams
- National Pathology Imaging Co-operative, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, LS9 7TF UK
| | - Graham Prestwich
- Yorkshire and Humber Academic Health Science Network, Unit 1, Calder Close, Calder Park, Wakefield, WF4 3BA UK
| | - Daljeet Bansal
- National Pathology Imaging Co-operative, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, LS9 7TF UK
| | - Darren Treanor
- National Pathology Imaging Co-operative, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, LS9 7TF UK
- Department of Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Nina Hallowell
- The Ethox Centre and the Wellcome Centre for Ethics and Humanities, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LF UK
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4
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Safarlou CW, Jongsma KR, Vermeulen R, Bredenoord AL. The ethical aspects of exposome research: a systematic review. EXPOSOME 2023; 3:osad004. [PMID: 37745046 PMCID: PMC7615114 DOI: 10.1093/exposome/osad004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, exposome research has been put forward as the next frontier for the study of human health and disease. Exposome research entails the analysis of the totality of environmental exposures and their corresponding biological responses within the human body. Increasingly, this is operationalized by big-data approaches to map the effects of internal as well as external exposures using smart sensors and multiomics technologies. However, the ethical implications of exposome research are still only rarely discussed in the literature. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review of the academic literature regarding both the exposome and underlying research fields and approaches, to map the ethical aspects that are relevant to exposome research. We identify five ethical themes that are prominent in ethics discussions: the goals of exposome research, its standards, its tools, how it relates to study participants, and the consequences of its products. Furthermore, we provide a number of general principles for how future ethics research can best make use of our comprehensive overview of the ethical aspects of exposome research. Lastly, we highlight three aspects of exposome research that are most in need of ethical reflection: the actionability of its findings, the epidemiological or clinical norms applicable to exposome research, and the meaning and action-implications of bias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caspar W. Safarlou
- Department of Global Public Health and Bioethics, Julius Center for
Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The
Netherlands
| | - Karin R. Jongsma
- Department of Global Public Health and Bioethics, Julius Center for
Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The
Netherlands
| | - Roel Vermeulen
- Department of Global Public Health and Bioethics, Julius Center for
Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The
Netherlands
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Utrecht University,
Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Annelien L. Bredenoord
- Department of Global Public Health and Bioethics, Julius Center for
Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The
Netherlands
- Erasmus School of Philosophy, Erasmus University Rotterdam,
Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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5
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Leung T, Verheij RA, Francke AL, Tomassen M, Houtzager M, Joling KJ, Oosterveld-Vlug MG. Setting up a Governance Framework for Secondary Use of Routine Health Data in Nursing Homes: Development Study Using Qualitative Interviews. J Med Internet Res 2023; 25:e38929. [PMID: 36696162 PMCID: PMC9909520 DOI: 10.2196/38929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the nursing home sector, reusing routinely recorded data from electronic health records (EHRs) for knowledge development and quality improvement is still in its infancy. Trust in appropriate and responsible reuse is crucial for patients and nursing homes deciding whether to share EHR data for these purposes. A data governance framework determines who may access the data, under what conditions, and for what purposes. This can help obtain that trust. Although increasing attention is being paid to data governance in the health care sector, little guidance is available on development and implementation of a data governance framework in practice. OBJECTIVE This study aims to describe the development process of a governance framework for the "Registry Learning from Data in Nursing Homes," a national registry for EHR data on care delivered by nursing home physicians (in Dutch: specialist ouderengeneeskunde) in Dutch nursing homes-to allow data reusage for research and quality improvement of care. METHODS Relevant stakeholders representing practices, policies, and research in the nursing home sector were identified. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 20 people from 14 stakeholder organizations. The main aim of the interviews was to explore stakeholders' perspectives regarding the Registry's aim, data access criteria, and governing bodies' tasks and composition. Interview topics and analyses were guided by 8 principles regarding governance for reusing health data, as described in the literature. Interview results, together with legal advice and consensus discussions by the Registry's consortium partners, were used to shape the rules, regulations, and governing bodies of the governance framework. RESULTS Stakeholders valued the involvement of nursing home residents and their representatives, nursing home physicians, nursing homes' boards of directors, and scientists and saw this as a prerequisite for a trustworthy data governance framework. For the Registry, involvement of these groups can be achieved through a procedure in which residents can provide their consent or objection to the reuse of the data, transparency about the decisions made, and providing them a position in a governing body. In addition, a data request approval procedure based on predefined assessment criteria indicates that data reuse by third parties aligns with the aims of the Registry, benefits the nursing home sector, and protects the privacy of data subjects. CONCLUSIONS The stakeholders' views, expertise, and knowledge of other frameworks and relevant legislation serve to inform the application of governance principles to the contexts of both the nursing home sector and the Netherlands. Many different stakeholders were involved in the development of the Registry Learning from Data in Nursing Homes' governance framework and will continue to be involved. Engagement of the full range of stakeholders in an early stage of governance framework development is important to generate trust in appropriate and responsible data reuse.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert A Verheij
- Nivel, Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Tranzo, School of Social Sciences and Behavioural Research, Tilburg University, Tilburg, Netherlands
| | - Anneke L Francke
- Nivel, Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Public and Occupational Health, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marit Tomassen
- Nivel, Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Max Houtzager
- Department of Medicine for Older People, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Aging & Later Life, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Karlijn J Joling
- Department of Medicine for Older People, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Aging & Later Life, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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6
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The ethical and legal landscape of brain data governance. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0273473. [PMID: 36580464 PMCID: PMC9799320 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroscience research is producing big brain data which informs both advancements in neuroscience research and drives the development of advanced datasets to provide advanced medical solutions. These brain data are produced under different jurisdictions in different formats and are governed under different regulations. The governance of data has become essential and critical resulting in the development of various governance structures to ensure that the quality, availability, findability, accessibility, usability, and utility of data is maintained. Furthermore, data governance is influenced by various ethical and legal principles. However, it is still not clear what ethical and legal principles should be used as a standard or baseline when managing brain data due to varying practices and evolving concepts. Therefore, this study asks what ethical and legal principles shape the current brain data governance landscape? A systematic scoping review and thematic analysis of articles focused on biomedical, neuro and brain data governance was carried out to identify the ethical and legal principles which shape the current brain data governance landscape. The results revealed that there is currently a large variation of how the principles are presented and discussions around the terms are very multidimensional. Some of the principles are still at their infancy and are barely visible. A range of principles emerged during the thematic analysis providing a potential list of principles which can provide a more comprehensive framework for brain data governance and a conceptual expansion of neuroethics.
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Thaldar DW, Townsend BA, Donnelly DL, Botes M, Gooden A, van Harmelen J, Shozi B. The multidimensional legal nature of personal genomic sequence data: A South African perspective. Front Genet 2022; 13:997595. [PMID: 36437942 PMCID: PMC9681828 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.997595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the various dimensions in South African law applicable to personal genomic sequence data. This analysis includes property rights, personality rights, and intellectual property rights. Importantly, the under-investigated question of whether personal genomic sequence data are capable of being owned is investigated and answered affirmatively. In addition to being susceptible of ownership, personal genomic sequence data are also the object of data subjects' personality rights, and can also be the object of intellectual property rights: whether on their own qua trade secret or as part of a patented invention or copyrighted dataset. It is shown that personality rights constrain ownership rights, while the exploitation of intellectual property rights is constrained by both personality rights and ownership rights. All of these rights applicable to personal genomic sequence data should be acknowledged and harmonized for such data to be used effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Beverley A. Townsend
- School of Law, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- York Law School, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | | | - Marietjie Botes
- School of Law, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- SnT Interdisciplinary Centre for Security, Reliability Security and Trust, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Amy Gooden
- School of Law, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | | | - Bonginkosi Shozi
- School of Law, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- School of Law, Institute for Practical Ethics, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
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8
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Eibich P, Kanabar R, Plum A, Schmied J. In and out of unemployment-Labour market transitions and the role of testosterone. ECONOMICS AND HUMAN BIOLOGY 2022; 46:101123. [PMID: 35338911 DOI: 10.1016/j.ehb.2022.101123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Biological processes have provided new insights into diverging labour market trajectories. This paper uses population variation in testosterone levels to explain transition probabilities into and out of unemployment. We examine labour market transitions for 2004 initially employed and 111 initially unemployed British men from the UK Household Longitudinal Study ("Understanding Society") between 2011 and 2013. We address the endogeneity of testosterone levels by using genetic variation as instrumental variables (Mendelian Randomization). We find that for both initially unemployed men as well as initially employed men, higher testosterone levels reduce the risk of unemployment. Based on previous studies and descriptive evidence, we argue that these effects are likely driven by differences in cognitive and non-cognitive skills as well as job search behaviour of men with higher testosterone levels. Our findings suggest that latent biological processes can affect job search behaviour and labour market outcomes without necessarily relating to illness and disability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Eibich
- Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Konrad-Zuse-Str. 1, 18057 Rostock, Germany.
| | - Ricky Kanabar
- Department of Social and Policy Sciences, University of Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander Plum
- New Zealand Work Research Institute, Auckland University of Technology, New Zealand
| | - Julian Schmied
- Free University of Berlin, Germany, and Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Germany
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9
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Nwebonyi N, Silva S, de Freitas C. Public Views About Involvement in Decision-Making on Health Data Sharing, Access, Use and Reuse: The Importance of Trust in Science and Other Institutions. Front Public Health 2022; 10:852971. [PMID: 35619806 PMCID: PMC9127133 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.852971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Data-intensive and needs-driven research can deliver substantial health benefits. However, concerns with privacy loss, undisclosed surveillance, and discrimination are on the rise due to mounting data breaches. This can undermine the trustworthiness of data processing institutions and reduce people's willingness to share their data. Involving the public in health data governance can help to address this problem by imbuing data processing frameworks with societal values. This study assesses public views about involvement in individual-level decisions concerned with health data and their association with trust in science and other institutions. Methods Cross-sectional study with 162 patients and 489 informal carers followed at two reference centers for rare diseases in an academic hospital in Portugal (June 2019–March 2020). Participants rated the importance of involvement in decision-making concerning health data sharing, access, use, and reuse from “not important” to “very important”. Its association with sociodemographic characteristics, interpersonal trust, trust in national and international institutions, and the importance of trust in research teams and host institutions was tested. Results Most participants perceived involvement in decision-making about data sharing (85.1%), access (87.1%), use (85%) and reuse (79.9%) to be important or very important. Participants who ascribed a high degree of importance to trust in research host institutions were significantly more likely to value involvement in such decisions. A similar position was expressed by participants who valued trust in research teams for data sharing, access, and use. Participants with low levels of trust in national and international institutions and with lower levels of education attributed less importance to being involved in decisions about data use. Conclusion The high value attributed by participants to involvement in individual-level data governance stresses the need to broaden opportunities for public participation in health data decision-making, namely by introducing a meta consent approach. The important role played by trust in science and in other institutions in shaping participants' views about involvement highlights the relevance of pairing such a meta consent approach with the provision of transparent information about the implications of data sharing, the resources needed to make informed choices and the development of harm mitigation tools and redress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngozi Nwebonyi
- Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Porto, Portugal.,Departamento de Ciências da Saúde Pública e Forenses e Educação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto (FMUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Susana Silva
- Departamento de Sociologia, Instituto de Ciências Sociais, Universidade do Minho, Braga, Portugal.,Centro em Rede de Investigação em Antropologia, Universidade do Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Cláudia de Freitas
- Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Porto, Portugal.,Departamento de Ciências da Saúde Pública e Forenses e Educação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto (FMUP), Porto, Portugal.,EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Centre for Research and Studies in Sociology, University Institute of Lisbon (ISCTE-IUL), Lisbon, Portugal
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10
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McKay F, Williams BJ, Prestwich G, Treanor D, Hallowell N. Public governance of medical artificial intelligence research in the UK: an integrated multi-scale model. RESEARCH INVOLVEMENT AND ENGAGEMENT 2022; 8:21. [PMID: 35598004 PMCID: PMC9123617 DOI: 10.1186/s40900-022-00357-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
There is a growing consensus among scholars, national governments, and intergovernmental organisations of the need to involve the public in decision-making around the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in society. Focusing on the UK, this paper asks how that can be achieved for medical AI research, that is, for research involving the training of AI on data from medical research databases. Public governance of medical AI research in the UK is generally achieved in three ways, namely, via lay representation on data access committees, through patient and public involvement groups, and by means of various deliberative democratic projects such as citizens' juries, citizen panels, citizen assemblies, etc.-what we collectively call "citizen forums". As we will show, each of these public involvement initiatives have complementary strengths and weaknesses for providing oversight of medical AI research. As they are currently utilized, however, they are unable to realize the full potential of their complementarity due to insufficient information transfer across them. In order to synergistically build on their contributions, we offer here a multi-scale model integrating all three. In doing so we provide a unified public governance model for medical AI research, one that, we argue, could improve the trustworthiness of big data and AI related medical research in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis McKay
- Department of Population Health, The Ethox Centre and the Wellcome Centre for Ethics and Humanities, Nuffield, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LF England
| | - Bethany J. Williams
- Department of Histopathology, St James University Hospital, Bexley Wing, Leeds, LS9 7TF England
| | - Graham Prestwich
- Yorkshire and Humber Academic Health Science Network, Unit 1, Calder Close, Calder Park, Wakefield, WF4 3BA England
| | - Darren Treanor
- Department of Histopathology, St James University Hospital, Leeds, LS9 7TF England
| | - Nina Hallowell
- Department of Population Health, The Ethox Centre and the Wellcome Centre for Ethics and Humanities, Nuffield, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LF England
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11
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Milne R, Sorbie A, Dixon-Woods M. What can data trusts for health research learn from participatory governance in biobanks? JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ETHICS 2022; 48:323-328. [PMID: 33741681 PMCID: PMC9046739 DOI: 10.1136/medethics-2020-107020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
New models of data governance for health data are a focus of growing interest in an era of challenge to the social licence. In this article, we reflect on what the data trust model, which is founded on principles of participatory governance, can learn from experiences of involving and engagement of members of the public and participants in the governance of large-scale biobanks. We distinguish between upstream and ongoing governance models, showing how they require careful design and operation if they are to deliver on aspirations for deliberation and participation. Drawing on this learning, we identify a set of considerations important to future design for data trusts as they seek to ensure just, proportionate and fair governance. These considerations relate to the timing of involvement of participants, patterns of inclusion and exclusion, and responsiveness to stakeholder involvement and engagement. We emphasise that the evolution of governance models for data should be matched by a commitment to evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Milne
- Society and Ethics Research, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Annie Sorbie
- Mason Institute for Medicine, Life Sciences and the Law, Edinburgh Law School, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Mary Dixon-Woods
- The Healthcare Improvement Studies Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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12
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Devriendt T, Ammann C, W. Asselbergs F, Bernier A, Costas R, Friedrich MG, Gelpi JL, Jarvelin MR, Kuulasmaa K, Lekadir K, Mayrhofer MT, Papez V, Pasterkamp G, Petersen SE, Schmidt CO, Schulz-Menger J, Söderberg S, Shabani M, Veronesi G, Viezzer DS, Borry P. An agenda-setting paper on data sharing platforms: euCanSHare workshop. OPEN RESEARCH EUROPE 2021; 1:80. [PMID: 37645200 PMCID: PMC10445835 DOI: 10.12688/openreseurope.13860.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Various data sharing platforms are being developed to enhance the sharing of cohort data by addressing the fragmented state of data storage and access systems. However, policy challenges in several domains remain unresolved. The euCanSHare workshop was organized to identify and discuss these challenges and to set the future research agenda. Concerns over the multiplicity and long-term sustainability of platforms, lack of resources, access of commercial parties to medical data, credit and recognition mechanisms in academia and the organization of data access committees are outlined. Within these areas, solutions need to be devised to ensure an optimal functioning of platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thijs Devriendt
- Centre for Biomedical Ethics and Law, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Clemens Ammann
- Working Group on Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance, Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation between the Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin and the Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Folkert W. Asselbergs
- Department of Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, UK
- Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK
- Health Data Research UK, London, UK
| | - Alexander Bernier
- Centre of Genomics and Policy, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Rodrigo Costas
- Centre for Science and Technology Studies (CWTS), Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Matthias G. Friedrich
- Departments of Medicine and Diagnostic Radiology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Josep L. Gelpi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marjo-Riitta Jarvelin
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, London, UK
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Unit of Primary Health Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Kari Kuulasmaa
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Karim Lekadir
- Artificial Intelligence in Medicine Lab (BCN-AIM), Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Vaclav Papez
- Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK
- Health Data Research UK, London, UK
| | - Gerard Pasterkamp
- Department of Clinical Diagnostics Laboratories, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Steffen E. Petersen
- Health Data Research UK, London, UK
- Barts Heart Centre, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
- William Harvey Research Institute, NIHR Barts Biomedical Research Centre, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- The Alan Turing Institute, London, UK
| | - Carsten Oliver Schmidt
- Institute for Community Medicine, Department SHIP-KEF, Greifswald University Medical Center, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jeanette Schulz-Menger
- Working Group on Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance, Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation between the Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin and the Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research) partner site, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Cardiology and Nephrology, HELIOS Hospital Berlin-Buch, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Söderberg
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Heart Centre, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Mahsa Shabani
- METAMEDICA, Department of Law and Criminology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Giovanni Veronesi
- Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine (EPIMED), Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria in Varese, Varese, Italy
| | - Darian Steven Viezzer
- Working Group on Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance, Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation between the Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin and the Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research) partner site, Berlin, Germany
| | - Pascal Borry
- Centre for Biomedical Ethics and Law, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Murtagh MJ, Machirori M, Gaff CL, Blell MT, de Vries J, Doerr M, Dove ES, Duncanson A, Hastings Ward J, Hendricks-Sturrup R, Ho CWL, Johns A, Joly Y, Kato K, Katsui K, Kumuthini J, Maleady-Crowe F, Middleton A, Milne R, Minion JT, Matshaba M, Mulrine S, Patch C, Ryan R, Viney W. Engaged genomic science produces better and fairer outcomes: an engagement framework for engaging and involving participants, patients and publics in genomics research and healthcare implementation. Wellcome Open Res 2021; 6:311. [PMID: 35592835 PMCID: PMC9086526 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.17233.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Genomic science is increasingly central to the provision of health care. Producing and applying robust genomics knowledge is a complex endeavour in which no single individual, profession, discipline or community holds all the answers. Engagement and involvement of diverse stakeholders can support alignment of societal and scientific interests, understandings and perspectives and promises better science and fairer outcomes. In this context we argue for F.A.I.R.E.R. data and data use that is Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reproducible,
Equitable and
Responsible. Yet there is a paucity of international guidance on how to engage publics, patients and participants in genomics. To support meaningful and effective engagement and involvement we developed an
Engagement Framework for involving and engaging participants, patients and publics in genomics research and health implementation. The
Engagement Framework is intended to support all those working in genomics research, medicine, and healthcare to deliberatively consider approaches to participant, patient and public engagement and involvement in their work. Through a series of questions, the
Engagement Framework prompts new ways of thinking about
the aims and purposes of engagement, and support reflection on the strengths, limitations, likely outcomes and impacts of choosing different approaches to engagement. To guide genomics activities, we describe four themes and associated questions for deliberative reflection: (i) fairness; (ii) context; (iii) heterogeneity, and (iv) recognising tensions and conflict. The four key components in the
Engagement provide a framework to assist those involved in genomics to reflect on decisions they make for their initiatives, including the strategies selected, the participant, patient and public stakeholders engaged, and the anticipated goals.
The Engagement Framework is one step in an actively evolving process of building genomics research and implementation cultures which foster responsible leadership and are attentive to objectives which increase equality, diversity and inclusion in participation and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Clara L. Gaff
- University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Melbourne Genomics Health Alliance, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Amber Johns
- International Cancer Genome Consortium, Glasgow, UK
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
| | - Yann Joly
- Centre of Genomics and Policy, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Kazuto Kato
- GEM-Japan, Tokyo, Japan
- Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Keiko Katsui
- Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Judit Kumuthini
- University of Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
- H3ABioNet/H3Africa, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | | | | | | | - Mogomotsi Matshaba
- H3ABioNet/H3Africa, Cape Town, South Africa
- Botswana-Baylor Children’s Clinical Centre of Excellence, Gabrorone, Botswana
| | | | - Christine Patch
- Genomics England, London, UK
- Wellcome Connecting Science, Cambridge, UK
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Holmes JH, Beinlich J, Boland MR, Bowles KH, Chen Y, Cook TS, Demiris G, Draugelis M, Fluharty L, Gabriel PE, Grundmeier R, Hanson CW, Herman DS, Himes BE, Hubbard RA, Kahn CE, Kim D, Koppel R, Long Q, Mirkovic N, Morris JS, Mowery DL, Ritchie MD, Urbanowicz R, Moore JH. Why Is the Electronic Health Record So Challenging for Research and Clinical Care? Methods Inf Med 2021; 60:32-48. [PMID: 34282602 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1731784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The electronic health record (EHR) has become increasingly ubiquitous. At the same time, health professionals have been turning to this resource for access to data that is needed for the delivery of health care and for clinical research. There is little doubt that the EHR has made both of these functions easier than earlier days when we relied on paper-based clinical records. Coupled with modern database and data warehouse systems, high-speed networks, and the ability to share clinical data with others are large number of challenges that arguably limit the optimal use of the EHR OBJECTIVES: Our goal was to provide an exhaustive reference for those who use the EHR in clinical and research contexts, but also for health information systems professionals as they design, implement, and maintain EHR systems. METHODS This study includes a panel of 24 biomedical informatics researchers, information technology professionals, and clinicians, all of whom have extensive experience in design, implementation, and maintenance of EHR systems, or in using the EHR as clinicians or researchers. All members of the panel are affiliated with Penn Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania and have experience with a variety of different EHR platforms and systems and how they have evolved over time. RESULTS Each of the authors has shared their knowledge and experience in using the EHR in a suite of 20 short essays, each representing a specific challenge and classified according to a functional hierarchy of interlocking facets such as usability and usefulness, data quality, standards, governance, data integration, clinical care, and clinical research. CONCLUSION We provide here a set of perspectives on the challenges posed by the EHR to clinical and research users.
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Affiliation(s)
- John H Holmes
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - James Beinlich
- Information Technology Entity Services and Corporate Information Services, University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Mary R Boland
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Kathryn H Bowles
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Yong Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Tessa S Cook
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - George Demiris
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Michael Draugelis
- Department of Predictive Health Care, University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Laura Fluharty
- Clinical Research Operations, University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Peter E Gabriel
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Robert Grundmeier
- Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - C William Hanson
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Daniel S Herman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Blanca E Himes
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Rebecca A Hubbard
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Charles E Kahn
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Dokyoon Kim
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Ross Koppel
- Department of Sociology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Qi Long
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Nebojsa Mirkovic
- Department of Research Analytics, University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Jeffrey S Morris
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Danielle L Mowery
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Marylyn D Ritchie
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Ryan Urbanowicz
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Jason H Moore
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
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Pezzullo AM, Sassano M, Hoxhaj I, Pastorino R, Boccia S. Citizen engagement initiatives in precision health in the European Union member states: a scoping review. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e045846. [PMID: 34244258 PMCID: PMC8273469 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-045846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Precision health requires citizens that are empowered to orient health decisions towards their personal values, aware of the benefits and risks, and committed to sharing their personal data to trustful institutions. Effective citizen engagement initiatives are fundamental for the success of a precision health approach. OBJECTIVE To provide an overview of citizen engagement initiatives in precision health in European Union (EU) member states. DESIGN Scoping review. METHODS The electronic databases PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL and Embase were searched to include articles published in English. Furthermore, desk research was conducted in English, Dutch, French, Italian and Spanish. Articles or reports regarding ongoing initiatives of citizen engagement in precision health conducted in EU member states and published from January 2015 to July 2020 were considered eligible. A quality assessment of the retrieved entries using Critical Appraisal Skills Programme tool was conducted. RESULTS We identified nine documents, which reported eight ongoing citizen engagement initiatives, with substantial variability. Government agencies, non-governmental organisations and scientific societies were the main organisers and funders. Most of the initiatives were conducted in the UK. Genomics was the most emphasised aspect of precision health in these initiatives. Among the identified initiatives, both in-person and digital means were reported. CONCLUSION Our work provides an overview of current citizen engagement initiatives in the EU that can be useful for stakeholders interested in designing and developing precision health projects enriched by meaningful citizen participation. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42020193866.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Maria Pezzullo
- Section of Hygiene, University Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - Michele Sassano
- Section of Hygiene, University Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - Ilda Hoxhaj
- Section of Hygiene, University Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - Roberta Pastorino
- Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health - Public Health Area, Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Stefania Boccia
- Section of Hygiene, University Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
- Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health - Public Health Area, Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy
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Butters OW, Wilson RC, Burton PR. Recognizing, reporting and reducing the data curation debt of cohort studies. Int J Epidemiol 2021; 49:1067-1074. [PMID: 32617581 PMCID: PMC7660145 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyaa087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Good data curation is integral to cohort studies, but it is not always done to a level necessary to ensure the longevity of the data a study holds. In this opinion paper, we introduce the concept of data curation debt—the data curation equivalent to the software engineering principle of technical debt. Using the context of UK cohort studies, we define data curation debt—describing examples and their potential impact. We highlight that accruing this debt can make it more difficult to use the data in the future. Additionally, the long-running nature of cohort studies means that interest is accrued on this debt and compounded over time—increasing the impact a debt could have on a study and its stakeholders. Primary causes of data curation debt are discussed across three categories: longevity of hardware, software and data formats; funding; and skills shortages. Based on cross-domain best practice, strategies to reduce the debt and preventive measures are proposed—with importance given to the recognition and transparent reporting of data curation debt. Describing the debt in this way, we encapsulate a multi-faceted issue in simple terms understandable by all cohort study stakeholders. Data curation debt is not only confined to the UK, but is an issue the international community must be aware of and address. This paper aims to stimulate a discussion between cohort studies and their stakeholders on how to address the issue of data curation debt. If data curation debt is left unchecked it could become impossible to use highly valued cohort study data, and ultimately represents an existential risk to studies themselves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver W Butters
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,Department of Public Health, Policy and Systems, University of Liverpool, UK
| | - Rebecca C Wilson
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,Department of Public Health, Policy and Systems, University of Liverpool, UK
| | - Paul R Burton
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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17
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de Freitas C, Amorim M, Machado H, Leão Teles E, Baptista MJ, Renedo A, Provoost V, Silva S. Public and patient involvement in health data governance (DATAGov): protocol of a people-centred, mixed-methods study on data use and sharing for rare diseases care and research. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e044289. [PMID: 33722870 PMCID: PMC7959217 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-044289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION International policy imperatives for the public and patient involvement in the governance of health data coexist with conflicting cross-border policies on data sharing. This can challenge the planning and implementation of participatory data governance in healthcare services locally. Engaging with local stakeholders and understanding how their needs, values and preferences for governing health data can be articulated with policies made at the supranational level is crucial. This paper describes a protocol for a project that aims to coproduce a people-centred model for involving patients and the public in decision-making processes about the use and sharing of health data for rare diseases care and research. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This multidisciplinary project draws on an explanatory sequential mixed-methods study. A hospital-based survey with patients, informal carers, health professionals and technical staff recruited at two reference centres for rare diseases in Portugal will be conducted first. The qualitative study will follow consisting of semi-structured interviews and scenario-based workshops with a subsample of the participant groups recruited at baseline. Quantitative data will be analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Inductive and deductive approaches will be combined to analyse the qualitative interviews. Data from scenario-based workshops will be iteratively compared using the constant comparison method to identify cross-cutting themes and categories. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The Ethics Committee for Health from the University Hospital Centre São João/Faculty of Medicine of University of Porto approved the study protocol (Ref. 99/19). Research findings will be disseminated at academic conferences and science promotion events, and through public meetings involving patient representatives, practitioners, policy-makers and students, a project website and peer-reviewed journal publications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia de Freitas
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Centre for Research and Studies in Sociology, University Institute of Lisbon (ISCTE-IUL), Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Mariana Amorim
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Helena Machado
- Communication and Society Research Centre (CECS), Institute of Social Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Elisa Leão Teles
- Centro de Referência de Doenças Hereditárias do Metabolismo do Centro Hospitalar Universitário São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria João Baptista
- Centro de Referência de Cardiopatias Congénitas do Centro Hospitalar Universitário São João, Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Ginecologia, Obstetrícia e Pediatria, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Alicia Renedo
- Public Health Environments and Society, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Veerle Provoost
- Bioethics Institute Ghent, Department of Philosophy and Moral Sciences Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Susana Silva
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Ciências da Saúde Pública e Forenses e Educação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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18
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Abstract
Cohort studies collect, generate and distribute data over long periods of time - often over the lifecourse of their participants. It is common for these studies to host a list of publications (which can number many thousands) on their website to demonstrate the impact of the study and facilitate the search of existing research to which the study data has contributed. The ability to search and explore these publication lists varies greatly between studies. We believe a lack of rich search and exploration functionality is a barrier to entry for new or prospective users of a study's data, since it may be difficult to find and evaluate previous work in a given area. These lists of publications are also typically manually curated, resulting in a lack of rich metadata to analyse, making bibliometric analysis difficult. We present here a software pipeline that aggregates metadata from a variety of third-party providers to power a web based search and exploration tool for lists of publications. Alongside core publication metadata (i.e. author lists, keywords etc.), we include geocoding of first authors and citations in our pipeline. This allows a characterisation of a study as a whole based on common locations of authors, frequency of keywords, citation profile etc. This enriched publications metadata can be useful for generating project impact metrics and web-based graphics useful for public dissemination. In addition, the pipeline produces a research data set for bibliometric analysis or social studies of science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver W. Butters
- Department of Public Health, Policy and Systems, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Rebecca C. Wilson
- Department of Public Health, Policy and Systems, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Hugh Garner
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Thomas W. Y. Burton
- Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Department of Computer Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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19
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Butters OW, Wilson RC, Garner H, Burton TWY. PUblications Metadata Augmentation (PUMA) pipeline. F1000Res 2020; 9:1095. [PMID: 34026049 PMCID: PMC8108552 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.25484.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cohort studies collect, generate and distribute data over long periods of time - often over the lifecourse of their participants. It is common for these studies to host a list of publications (which can number many thousands) on their website to demonstrate the impact of the study and facilitate the search of existing research to which the study data has contributed. The ability to search and explore these publication lists varies greatly between studies. We believe a lack of rich search and exploration functionality of study publications is a barrier to entry for new or prospective users of a study's data, since it may be difficult to find and evaluate previous work in a given area. These lists of publications are also typically manually curated, resulting in a lack of rich metadata to analyse, making bibliometric analysis difficult. We present here a software pipeline that aggregates metadata from a variety of third-party providers to power a web based search and exploration tool for lists of publications. Alongside core publication metadata (i.e. author lists, keywords etc.), we include geocoding of first authors and citation counts in our pipeline. This allows a characterisation of a study as a whole based on common locations of authors, frequency of keywords, citation profile etc. This enriched publications metadata can be useful for generating study impact metrics and web-based graphics for public dissemination. In addition, the pipeline produces a research data set for bibliometric analysis or social studies of science. We use a previously published list of publications from a cohort study as an exemplar input data set to show the output and utility of the pipeline here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver W. Butters
- Department of Public Health, Policy and Systems, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Rebecca C. Wilson
- Department of Public Health, Policy and Systems, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Hugh Garner
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Thomas W. Y. Burton
- Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Department of Computer Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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20
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Luna Puerta L, Kendall W, Davies B, Day S, Ward H. The reported impact of public involvement in biobanks: A scoping review. Health Expect 2020; 23:759-788. [PMID: 32378306 PMCID: PMC7495079 DOI: 10.1111/hex.13067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biobanks increasingly employ public involvement and engagement strategies, though few studies have explored their impact. This review aims to (a) investigate how the impact of public involvement in biobanks is reported and conceptualized by study authors; in order to (b) suggest how the research community might re-conceptualize the impact of public involvement in biobanks. METHODS A systematic literature search of three electronic databases and the INVOLVE Evidence Library in January 2019. Studies commenting on the impact of public involvement in a biobank were included, and a narrative review was conducted. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Forty-one studies covering thirty-one biobanks were included, with varying degrees of public involvement. Impact was categorized according to where it was seen: 'the biobank', 'people involved' and 'the wider research community'. Most studies reported involvement in a 'functional' way, in relation to improved rates of participation in the biobank. Broader forms of impact were reported but were vaguely defined and measured. This review highlights a lack of clarity of purpose and varied researcher conceptualizations of involvement. We pose three areas for further research and consideration by biobank researchers and public involvement practitioners. CONCLUSIONS Functional approaches to public involvement in biobanking limit impact. This conceptualization of involvement emerges from an entrenched technical understanding that ignores its political nature, complicated by long-standing disagreement about the values of public involvement. This study urges a re-imagination of impact, re-conceptualized as a two-way learning process. More support will help researchers and members of the public to undergo such reflective exercises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Luna Puerta
- NIHR Imperial BRC Patient Experience Research CentreImperial College LondonLondonUK
- Family Medicine and Primary CareLee Kong Chian School of MedicineNanyang Technological University SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Will Kendall
- NIHR Imperial BRC Patient Experience Research CentreImperial College LondonLondonUK
- Department of SociologyLondon School of EconomicsLondonUK
| | - Bethan Davies
- NIHR Imperial BRC Patient Experience Research CentreImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Sophie Day
- NIHR Imperial BRC Patient Experience Research CentreImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Helen Ward
- NIHR Imperial BRC Patient Experience Research CentreImperial College LondonLondonUK
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Sharing de-identified individual-level health research data is widely promoted and has many potential benefits. However there are also some potential harms, such as misuse of data and breach of participant confidentiality. One way to promote the benefits of sharing while ameliorating its potential harms is through the adoption of a managed access approach where data requests are channeled through a Data Access Committee (DAC), rather than making data openly available without restrictions. A DAC, whether a formal or informal group of individuals, has the responsibility of reviewing and assessing data access requests. Many individual groups, consortiums, institutional and independent DACs have been established but there is currently no widely accepted framework for their organization and function. MAIN TEXT We propose that DACs, should have the role of both promotion of data sharing and protection of data subjects, their communities, data producers, their institutions and the scientific enterprise. We suggest that data access should be granted by DACs as long as the data reuse has potential social value and provided there is low risk of foreseeable harms. To promote data sharing and to motivate data producers, DACs should encourage secondary uses that are consistent with the interests of data producers and their own institutions. Given the suggested roles of DACs, there should be transparent, simple and clear application procedures for data access. The approach to review of applications should be proportionate to the potential risks involved. DACs should be established within institutional and legal frameworks with clear lines of accountability, terms of reference and membership. We suggest that DACs should not be modelled after research ethics committees (RECs) because their functions and goals of review are different from those of RECs. DAC reviews should be guided by the principles of public health ethics instead of research ethics. CONCLUSIONS In this paper we have suggested a framework under which DACs should operate, how they should be organised, and how to constitute them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phaik Yeong Cheah
- Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU), Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, 420/6 Rajvithi Road, Bangkok, Thailand
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, UK
- The Ethox Centre, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jan Piasecki
- Department of Philosophy and Bioethics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, ul. Michalowskiego 12, Krakow, Poland
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Gregory S, Bunnik EM, Callado AB, Carrie I, De Boer C, Duffus J, Fauria K, Forster S, Gove D, Knezevic I, Laquidain A, Pennetier D, Saunders S, Sparks S, Rice J, Ritchie CW, Milne R. Involving research participants in a pan-European research initiative: the EPAD participant panel experience. RESEARCH INVOLVEMENT AND ENGAGEMENT 2020; 6:62. [PMID: 33088590 PMCID: PMC7566117 DOI: 10.1186/s40900-020-00236-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Including participants in patient and public involvement activities is increasingly acknowledged as a key pillar of successful research activity. Such activities can influence recruitment and retention, as well as researcher experience and contribute to decision making in research studies. However, there are few established methodologies of how to set up and manage participant involvement activities. Further, there is little discussion of how to do so when dealing with collaborative projects that run across countries and operate in multiple linguistic and regulatory contexts. METHODS In this paper we describe the set-up, running and experiences of the EPAD participant panel. The EPAD study was a pan-European cohort study with the aim to understand risks for developing Alzheimer's disease and build a readiness cohort for Phase 2 clinical trials. Due to the longitudinal nature of this study, combined with the enrolment of healthy volunteers and those with mild cognitive impairments, the EPAD team highlighted participant involvement as crucial to the success of this project. The EPAD project employed a nested model, with local panels meeting in England, France, Scotland, Spain and The Netherlands, and feeding into a central study panel. The local panels were governed by terms of reference which were adaptable to local needs. RESULTS The impact of the panels has been widespread, and varies from feedback on documentation, to supporting with design of media materials and representation of the project at national and international meetings. CONCLUSIONS The EPAD panels have contributed to the success of the project and the model established is easily transferable to other disease areas investigating healthy or at-risk populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Gregory
- Edinburgh Dementia Prevention, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - E. M. Bunnik
- Department of Medical Ethics and Philosophy of Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A. B. Callado
- BarcelonaBeta Brain Research Center, Pasqual Maragall Fundation, Barcelona, Spain
| | - I. Carrie
- Centre de Recherche Clinique du Gérontopôle, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - C. De Boer
- VUmc Alzheimercentrum, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J. Duffus
- Participant panel member, Barcelona, Spain
| | - K. Fauria
- BarcelonaBeta Brain Research Center, Pasqual Maragall Fundation, Barcelona, Spain
| | - S. Forster
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - D. Gove
- Alzheimer Europe, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - I. Knezevic
- BarcelonaBeta Brain Research Center, Pasqual Maragall Fundation, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - D. Pennetier
- Centre de Recherche Clinique du Gérontopôle, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - S. Saunders
- Edinburgh Dementia Prevention, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - S. Sparks
- Edinburgh Dementia Prevention, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - J. Rice
- Participant panel member, Barcelona, Spain
| | - C. W. Ritchie
- Edinburgh Dementia Prevention, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - R. Milne
- Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Society and Ethics Research, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
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Mills MC, Rahal C. A scientometric review of genome-wide association studies. Commun Biol 2019; 2:9. [PMID: 30623105 PMCID: PMC6323052 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-018-0261-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This scientometric review of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) from 2005 to 2018 (3639 studies; 3508 traits) reveals extraordinary increases in sample sizes, rates of discovery and traits studied. A longitudinal examination shows fluctuating ancestral diversity, still predominantly European Ancestry (88% in 2017) with 72% of discoveries from participants recruited from three countries (US, UK, Iceland). US agencies, primarily NIH, fund 85% and women are less often senior authors. We generate a unique GWAS H-Index and reveal a tight social network of prominent authors and frequently used data sets. We conclude with 10 evidence-based policy recommendations for scientists, research bodies, funders, and editors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melinda C. Mills
- University of Oxford and Nuffield College, New Road, Oxford, OX1 1NF UK
| | - Charles Rahal
- University of Oxford and Nuffield College, New Road, Oxford, OX1 1NF UK
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24
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Butters O, Ismail A, Thompson S, Wilson R. Generation of a cleaned dataset listing Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents And Children peer-reviewed publications to 2015. Wellcome Open Res 2018; 3:161. [PMID: 30828646 PMCID: PMC6392145 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.14986.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Birth cohort studies generate huge amounts of data, and as a consequence are a source of many peer reviewed publications. We have taken the list of publications from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children UK birth cohort, filtered, de-duplicated and cleaned it to generate a bibliographic research data set. This dataset could be used for accurate reporting and monitoring of the impact of the study as well as bibliometric research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Butters
- Institute of Health and Society, Newcastle University, UK, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Amran Ismail
- Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Sue Thompson
- Institute of Health and Society, Newcastle University, UK, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Rebecca Wilson
- Institute of Health and Society, Newcastle University, UK, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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Kaye AD, Mahakian T, Kaye AJ, Pham AA, Hart BM, Gennuso S, Cornett EM, Gabriel RA, Urman RD. Pharmacogenomics, precision medicine, and implications for anesthesia care. Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol 2018; 32:61-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpa.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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