1
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da Silva MDV, Bacarin CC, Machado CCA, Franciosi A, Mendes JDDL, da Silva Watanabe P, Miqueloto CA, Fattori V, Albarracin OYE, Verri WA, Aktar R, Peiris M, Aziz Q, Blackshaw LA, de Almeida Araújo EJ. Descriptive study of perineuronal net in enteric nervous system of humans and mice. J Neurochem 2024. [PMID: 38970456 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.16159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
Perineuronal nets (PNN) are highly specialized structures of the extracellular matrix around specific groups of neurons in the central nervous system (CNS). They play functions related to optimizing physiological processes and protection neurons against harmful stimuli. Traditionally, their existence was only described in the CNS. However, there was no description of the presence and composition of PNN in the enteric nervous system (ENS) until now. Thus, our aim was to demonstrate the presence and characterize the components of the PNN in the enteric nervous system. Samples of intestinal tissue from mice and humans were analyzed by RT-PCR and immunofluorescence assays. We used a marker (Wisteria floribunda agglutinin) considered as standard for detecting the presence of PNN in the CNS and antibodies for labeling members of the four main PNN-related protein families in the CNS. Our results demonstrated the presence of components of PNN in the ENS of both species; however its molecular composition is species-specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus Deroco Veloso da Silva
- Laboratory of Enteric Neuroscience, Department of Histology, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
- Laboratory of Pain, Inflammation, Neuropathy and Cancer, Department of Pathology, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Cristiano Correia Bacarin
- Laboratory of Enteric Neuroscience, Department of Histology, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Anelise Franciosi
- Laboratory of Enteric Neuroscience, Department of Histology, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
- Laboratory of Pain, Inflammation, Neuropathy and Cancer, Department of Pathology, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Joana Darc de Lima Mendes
- Laboratory of Enteric Neuroscience, Department of Histology, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Paulo da Silva Watanabe
- Laboratory of Enteric Neuroscience, Department of Histology, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alberto Miqueloto
- Laboratory of Enteric Neuroscience, Department of Histology, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Victor Fattori
- Laboratory of Pain, Inflammation, Neuropathy and Cancer, Department of Pathology, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Waldiceu A Verri
- Laboratory of Pain, Inflammation, Neuropathy and Cancer, Department of Pathology, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Rubina Aktar
- Wingate Institute for Neurogastroenterology, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Madusha Peiris
- Wingate Institute for Neurogastroenterology, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Qasim Aziz
- Wingate Institute for Neurogastroenterology, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - L Ashley Blackshaw
- Wingate Institute for Neurogastroenterology, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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2
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Banovac I, Prkačin MV, Kirchbaum I, Trnski-Levak S, Bobić-Rasonja M, Sedmak G, Petanjek Z, Jovanov-Milosevic N. Morphological and Molecular Characteristics of Perineuronal Nets in the Human Prefrontal Cortex-A Possible Link to Microcircuitry Specialization. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04306-1. [PMID: 38958887 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04306-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Perineuronal nets (PNNs) are a type of extracellular matrix (ECM) that play a significant role in synaptic activity and plasticity of interneurons in health and disease. We researched PNNs' regional and laminar representation and molecular composition using immunohistochemistry and transcriptome analysis of Brodmann areas (BA) 9, 14r, and 24 in 25 human postmortem brains aged 13-82 years. The numbers of VCAN- and NCAN-expressing PNNs, relative to the total number of neurons, were highest in cortical layers I and VI while WFA-binding (WFA+) PNNs were most abundant in layers III-V. The ECM glycosylation pattern was the most pronounced regional difference, shown by a significantly lower proportion of WFA+ PNNs in BA24 (3.27 ± 0.69%) compared to BA9 (6.32 ± 1.73%; P = 0.0449) and BA14 (5.64 ± 0.71%; P = 0.0278). The transcriptome of late developmental and mature stages revealed a relatively stable expression of PNN-related transcripts (log2-transformed expression values: 6.5-8.5 for VCAN and 8.0-9.5 for NCAN). Finally, we propose a classification of PNNs that envelop GABAergic neurons in the human cortex. The significant differences in PNNs' morphology, distribution, and molecular composition strongly suggest an involvement of PNNs in specifying distinct microcircuits in particular cortical regions and layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Banovac
- Department of Anatomy and Clinical Anatomy, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Šalata 11, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, Scientific Centre of Excellence for Basic, Clinical and Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine University of Zagreb, Šalata 12, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Matija Vid Prkačin
- Department of Anatomy and Clinical Anatomy, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Šalata 11, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, Scientific Centre of Excellence for Basic, Clinical and Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine University of Zagreb, Šalata 12, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivona Kirchbaum
- Department of Anatomy and Clinical Anatomy, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Šalata 11, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sara Trnski-Levak
- Department of Anatomy and Clinical Anatomy, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Šalata 11, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mihaela Bobić-Rasonja
- Department of Anatomy and Clinical Anatomy, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Šalata 11, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Biology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Šalata 3, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Goran Sedmak
- Department of Anatomy and Clinical Anatomy, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Šalata 11, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Zdravko Petanjek
- Department of Anatomy and Clinical Anatomy, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Šalata 11, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, Scientific Centre of Excellence for Basic, Clinical and Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine University of Zagreb, Šalata 12, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Natasa Jovanov-Milosevic
- Department of Anatomy and Clinical Anatomy, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Šalata 11, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, Scientific Centre of Excellence for Basic, Clinical and Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine University of Zagreb, Šalata 12, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
- Department of Biology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Šalata 3, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
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3
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Oliver D, Chesney E, Cullen AE, Davies C, Englund A, Gifford G, Kerins S, Lalousis PA, Logeswaran Y, Merritt K, Zahid U, Crossley NA, McCutcheon RA, McGuire P, Fusar-Poli P. Exploring causal mechanisms of psychosis risk. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 162:105699. [PMID: 38710421 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Robust epidemiological evidence of risk and protective factors for psychosis is essential to inform preventive interventions. Previous evidence syntheses have classified these risk and protective factors according to their strength of association with psychosis. In this critical review we appraise the distinct and overlapping mechanisms of 25 key environmental risk factors for psychosis, and link these to mechanistic pathways that may contribute to neurochemical alterations hypothesised to underlie psychotic symptoms. We then discuss the implications of our findings for future research, specifically considering interactions between factors, exploring universal and subgroup-specific factors, improving understanding of temporality and risk dynamics, standardising operationalisation and measurement of risk and protective factors, and developing preventive interventions targeting risk and protective factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic Oliver
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; NIHR Oxford Health Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK; OPEN Early Detection Service, Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK; Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical-Detection (EPIC) Lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Edward Chesney
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Addictions Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, 4 Windsor Walk, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Alexis E Cullen
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
| | - Cathy Davies
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Amir Englund
- Addictions Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, 4 Windsor Walk, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - George Gifford
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sarah Kerins
- Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical-Detection (EPIC) Lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Paris Alexandros Lalousis
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Yanakan Logeswaran
- Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical-Detection (EPIC) Lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Department of Biostatistics & Health Informatics, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Kate Merritt
- Division of Psychiatry, Institute of Mental Health, UCL, London, UK
| | - Uzma Zahid
- Department of Psychology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Nicolas A Crossley
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile
| | - Robert A McCutcheon
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Philip McGuire
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; NIHR Oxford Health Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK; OPEN Early Detection Service, Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Paolo Fusar-Poli
- Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical-Detection (EPIC) Lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, Munich, Germany; Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; OASIS Service, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London SE11 5DL, UK
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4
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Palmisano A, Pandit S, Smeralda CL, Demchenko I, Rossi S, Battelli L, Rivolta D, Bhat V, Santarnecchi E. The Pathophysiological Underpinnings of Gamma-Band Alterations in Psychiatric Disorders. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:578. [PMID: 38792599 PMCID: PMC11122172 DOI: 10.3390/life14050578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Investigating the biophysiological substrates of psychiatric illnesses is of great interest to our understanding of disorders' etiology, the identification of reliable biomarkers, and potential new therapeutic avenues. Schizophrenia represents a consolidated model of γ alterations arising from the aberrant activity of parvalbumin-positive GABAergic interneurons, whose dysfunction is associated with perineuronal net impairment and neuroinflammation. This model of pathogenesis is supported by molecular, cellular, and functional evidence. Proof for alterations of γ oscillations and their underlying mechanisms has also been reported in bipolar disorder and represents an emerging topic for major depressive disorder. Although evidence from animal models needs to be further elucidated in humans, the pathophysiology of γ-band alteration represents a common denominator for different neuropsychiatric disorders. The purpose of this narrative review is to outline a framework of converging results in psychiatric conditions characterized by γ abnormality, from neurochemical dysfunction to alterations in brain rhythms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Palmisano
- Chair of Lifespan Developmental Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, TUD Dresden University of Technology, 01069 Dresden, Germany
- Precision Neuroscience and Neuromodulation Program, Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA (E.S.)
- Department of Education, Psychology, and Communication, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70121 Bari, Italy;
| | - Siddhartha Pandit
- Precision Neuroscience and Neuromodulation Program, Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA (E.S.)
| | - Carmelo L. Smeralda
- Precision Neuroscience and Neuromodulation Program, Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA (E.S.)
- Siena Brain Investigation and Neuromodulation (SI-BIN) Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Section, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy;
| | - Ilya Demchenko
- Interventional Psychiatry Program, St. Michael’s Hospital—Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada; (I.D.)
- Institute of Medical Science, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Simone Rossi
- Siena Brain Investigation and Neuromodulation (SI-BIN) Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Section, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy;
| | - Lorella Battelli
- Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Center for Neuroscience and Cognitive Systems@UniTn, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 38068 Rovereto, Italy
| | - Davide Rivolta
- Department of Education, Psychology, and Communication, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70121 Bari, Italy;
| | - Venkat Bhat
- Interventional Psychiatry Program, St. Michael’s Hospital—Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada; (I.D.)
- Institute of Medical Science, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Emiliano Santarnecchi
- Precision Neuroscience and Neuromodulation Program, Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA (E.S.)
- Department of Neurology and Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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5
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Curto Y, Carceller H, Klimczak P, Perez-Rando M, Wang Q, Grewe K, Kawaguchi R, Rizzoli S, Geschwind D, Nave KA, Teruel-Marti V, Singh M, Ehrenreich H, Nácher J. Erythropoietin restrains the inhibitory potential of interneurons in the mouse hippocampus. Mol Psychiatry 2024:10.1038/s41380-024-02528-2. [PMID: 38622200 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-024-02528-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Severe psychiatric illnesses, for instance schizophrenia, and affective diseases or autism spectrum disorders, have been associated with cognitive impairment and perturbed excitatory-inhibitory balance in the brain. Effects in juvenile mice can elucidate how erythropoietin (EPO) might aid in rectifying hippocampal transcriptional networks and synaptic structures of pyramidal lineages, conceivably explaining mitigation of neuropsychiatric diseases. An imminent conundrum is how EPO restores synapses by involving interneurons. By analyzing ~12,000 single-nuclei transcriptomic data, we generated a comprehensive molecular atlas of hippocampal interneurons, resolved into 15 interneuron subtypes. Next, we studied molecular alterations upon recombinant human (rh)EPO and saw that gene expression changes relate to synaptic structure, trans-synaptic signaling and intracellular catabolic pathways. Putative ligand-receptor interactions between pyramidal and inhibitory neurons, regulating synaptogenesis, are altered upon rhEPO. An array of in/ex vivo experiments confirms that specific interneuronal populations exhibit reduced dendritic complexity, synaptic connectivity, and changes in plasticity-related molecules. Metabolism and inhibitory potential of interneuron subgroups are compromised, leading to greater excitability of pyramidal neurons. To conclude, improvement by rhEPO of neuropsychiatric phenotypes may partly owe to restrictive control over interneurons, facilitating re-connectivity and synapse development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmina Curto
- Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, City Campus, Göttingen, Germany
- Neuroplasticity Unit, Program in Neurosciences and Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Héctor Carceller
- Neuroplasticity Unit, Program in Neurosciences and Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
- Spanish National Network for Research in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico de Valencia, INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Patrycja Klimczak
- Neuroplasticity Unit, Program in Neurosciences and Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
- Spanish National Network for Research in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico de Valencia, INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Marta Perez-Rando
- Neuroplasticity Unit, Program in Neurosciences and Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
- Spanish National Network for Research in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico de Valencia, INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Qing Wang
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Katharina Grewe
- Department of Neuro- & Sensory Physiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Riki Kawaguchi
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Silvio Rizzoli
- Department of Neuro- & Sensory Physiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Daniel Geschwind
- Institute of Precision Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Klaus-Armin Nave
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, City Campus, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Vicent Teruel-Marti
- Neuronal Circuits Laboratory, Department of Anatomy and Human Embryology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Manvendra Singh
- Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, City Campus, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Hannelore Ehrenreich
- Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, City Campus, Göttingen, Germany.
- Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany.
- Experimental Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, J 5, Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Juan Nácher
- Neuroplasticity Unit, Program in Neurosciences and Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain.
- Spanish National Network for Research in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain.
- Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico de Valencia, INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain.
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6
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Paveliev M, Egorchev AA, Musin F, Lipachev N, Melnikova A, Gimadutdinov RM, Kashipov AR, Molotkov D, Chickrin DE, Aganov AV. Perineuronal Net Microscopy: From Brain Pathology to Artificial Intelligence. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4227. [PMID: 38673819 PMCID: PMC11049984 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Perineuronal nets (PNN) are a special highly structured type of extracellular matrix encapsulating synapses on large populations of CNS neurons. PNN undergo structural changes in schizophrenia, epilepsy, Alzheimer's disease, stroke, post-traumatic conditions, and some other brain disorders. The functional role of the PNN microstructure in brain pathologies has remained largely unstudied until recently. Here, we review recent research implicating PNN microstructural changes in schizophrenia and other disorders. We further concentrate on high-resolution studies of the PNN mesh units surrounding synaptic boutons to elucidate fine structural details behind the mutual functional regulation between the ECM and the synaptic terminal. We also review some updates regarding PNN as a potential pharmacological target. Artificial intelligence (AI)-based methods are now arriving as a new tool that may have the potential to grasp the brain's complexity through a wide range of organization levels-from synaptic molecular events to large scale tissue rearrangements and the whole-brain connectome function. This scope matches exactly the complex role of PNN in brain physiology and pathology processes, and the first AI-assisted PNN microscopy studies have been reported. To that end, we report here on a machine learning-assisted tool for PNN mesh contour tracing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Paveliev
- Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anton A. Egorchev
- Institute of Computational Mathematics and Information Technologies, Kazan Federal University, Kremlyovskaya 35, Kazan 420008, Tatarstan, Russia; (A.A.E.); (F.M.); (R.M.G.)
| | - Foat Musin
- Institute of Computational Mathematics and Information Technologies, Kazan Federal University, Kremlyovskaya 35, Kazan 420008, Tatarstan, Russia; (A.A.E.); (F.M.); (R.M.G.)
| | - Nikita Lipachev
- Institute of Physics, Kazan Federal University, Kremlyovskaya 16a, Kazan 420008, Tatarstan, Russia; (N.L.); (A.V.A.)
| | - Anastasiia Melnikova
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Karl Marx 74, Kazan 420015, Tatarstan, Russia;
| | - Rustem M. Gimadutdinov
- Institute of Computational Mathematics and Information Technologies, Kazan Federal University, Kremlyovskaya 35, Kazan 420008, Tatarstan, Russia; (A.A.E.); (F.M.); (R.M.G.)
| | - Aidar R. Kashipov
- Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Robotics and Systems Engineering, Kazan Federal University, Kremlyovskaya 18, Kazan 420008, Tatarstan, Russia; (A.R.K.); (D.E.C.)
| | - Dmitry Molotkov
- Biomedicum Imaging Unit, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00014 Helsinki, Finland;
| | - Dmitry E. Chickrin
- Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Robotics and Systems Engineering, Kazan Federal University, Kremlyovskaya 18, Kazan 420008, Tatarstan, Russia; (A.R.K.); (D.E.C.)
| | - Albert V. Aganov
- Institute of Physics, Kazan Federal University, Kremlyovskaya 16a, Kazan 420008, Tatarstan, Russia; (N.L.); (A.V.A.)
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7
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Li X, Ren D, Luo B, Liu Z, Li N, Zhou T, Fei E. Perineuronal Nets Alterations Contribute to Stress-Induced Anxiety-Like Behavior. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:411-422. [PMID: 37615879 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03596-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Anxiety disorder is one of the most common mental disorders worldwide, affecting nearly 30% of adults. However, its underlying molecular mechanisms are still unclear. Here we subjected mice to chronic restraint stress (CRS), a paradigm known to induce anxiety-like behavior in mice. CRS mice exhibited anxiety-like behavior and reduced synaptic transmission in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Notably, Wisteria Floribunda agglutinin (WFA) staining showed a reduction of perineuronal nets (PNNs) expression in the mPFC of CRS mice. And the mRNA and protein levels of aggrecan (ACAN), a core component of PNNs, were also reduced. Parallelly, enzymatic digestion of PNNs in the mPFC by injecting Chondroitinase ABC (chABC) resulted in anxiety-like behavior in mice. Fluoxetine (FXT) is a clinically prescribed antidepressant/anxiolytic drug. FXT treatment in CRS mice not only ameliorated their deficits in behavior and synaptic transmissions, but also prevented CRS-induced reduction of PNNs and ACAN expressions. This study demonstrates that proper PNNs level is critical to brain functions, and their decline may serve as a pathological mechanism of anxiety disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianghe Li
- Queen Mary School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Dongyan Ren
- Institute of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Bin Luo
- Institute of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Ziyang Liu
- Institute of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Nuojing Li
- Queen Mary School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Tian Zhou
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Erkang Fei
- Institute of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China.
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8
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Carceller H, Gramuntell Y, Klimczak P, Nacher J. Perineuronal Nets: Subtle Structures with Large Implications. Neuroscientist 2023; 29:569-590. [PMID: 35872660 DOI: 10.1177/10738584221106346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Perineuronal nets (PNNs) are specialized structures of the extracellular matrix that surround the soma and proximal dendrites of certain neurons in the central nervous system, particularly parvalbumin-expressing interneurons. Their appearance overlaps the maturation of neuronal circuits and the closure of critical periods in different regions of the brain, setting their connectivity and abruptly reducing their plasticity. As a consequence, the digestion of PNNs, as well as the removal or manipulation of their components, leads to a boost in this plasticity and can play a key role in the functional recovery from different insults and in the etiopathology of certain neurologic and psychiatric disorders. Here we review the structure, composition, and distribution of PNNs and their variation throughout the evolutive scale. We also discuss methodological approaches to study these structures. The function of PNNs during neurodevelopment and adulthood is discussed, as well as the influence of intrinsic and extrinsic factors on these specialized regions of the extracellular matrix. Finally, we review current data on alterations in PNNs described in diseases of the central nervous system (CNS), focusing on psychiatric disorders. Together, all the data available point to the PNNs as a promising target to understand the physiology and pathologic conditions of the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héctor Carceller
- Neurobiology Unit, Institute for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), University of Valencia, Spain
- CIBERSAM, Spanish National Network for Research in Mental Health, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Imaging Unit FISABIO-CIPF, Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunidad Valenciana, Valencia, Spain
| | - Yaiza Gramuntell
- Neurobiology Unit, Institute for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), University of Valencia, Spain
| | - Patrycja Klimczak
- Neurobiology Unit, Institute for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), University of Valencia, Spain
- CIBERSAM, Spanish National Network for Research in Mental Health, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Nacher
- Neurobiology Unit, Institute for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), University of Valencia, Spain
- CIBERSAM, Spanish National Network for Research in Mental Health, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico de Valencia, INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
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9
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Zhang Y, Guo Z, Yang L, Cheng C, Gai C, Gao Y, Zhang Y, Sun H, Hu D. Possible Involvement of Perineuronal Nets in Anti-Depressant Effects of Electroacupuncture in Chronic-Stress-Induced Depression in Rats. Neurochem Res 2023; 48:3146-3159. [PMID: 37347359 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-023-03970-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Acupuncture can alleviate depression-like behaviors. However, the neural mechanisms behind the anti-depressive effect remain unknown. Perineuronal net (PNN) abnormalities have been reported in multiple psychiatric disorders. This study investigated the modulation and neural mechanism of PNNs in the anti-depressant process of electroacupuncture (EA) at Baihui (GV20) and Yintang (GV29) points. A rat depression model was induced by chronic unpredicted mild stress (CUMS). The results revealed that CUMS, applied for four weeks, specifically reduces PNNs around parvalbumin (PV). In addition, EA and fluoxetine treatments reverse the decrease in PNNs+ cell density and the ratio of PV and PNN double-positive cells to PV+ neurons in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) after CUMS. Furthermore, EA treatment can reverse the decrease in the protein expression of PNN components (aggrecan and brevican) in the mPFC caused by stress. After EA treatment, the decreased expression of GAD67, GLuA1, and PSD95 in the mPFC induced by CUMS for four weeks was also reversed. PNN degradation in mPFC brain areas potentially interferes with the anti-depressant benefits of EA in rats with depression induced by CUMS. EA treatment did not increase PNNs+ cell density and the ratio of PV and PNN double-positive cells to PV+ neurons after PNNs degradation in the mPFC brain region of rats. This finding indicated that the mechanism of acupuncture's anti-depressant effect may be based on reversing the CUMS-induced decline in PNN expression, the functional impairment of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurons, and the regulation of excitatory synaptic proteins expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenyu Guo
- Department of Anatomy, School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Luping Yang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Cuicui Cheng
- Department of Anatomy, School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Cong Gai
- Department of Anatomy, School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yushan Gao
- Department of Anatomy, School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hongmei Sun
- Department of Anatomy, School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Die Hu
- Department of Anatomy, School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
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10
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Amontree M, Deasy S, Turner RS, Conant K. Matrix disequilibrium in Alzheimer's disease and conditions that increase Alzheimer's disease risk. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1188065. [PMID: 37304012 PMCID: PMC10250680 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1188065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and related dementias are a leading cause of death globally and are predicted to increase in prevalence. Despite this expected increase in the prevalence of AD, we have yet to elucidate the causality of the neurodegeneration observed in AD and we lack effective therapeutics to combat the progressive neuronal loss. Throughout the past 30 years, several non-mutually exclusive hypotheses have arisen to explain the causative pathologies in AD: amyloid cascade, hyper-phosphorylated tau accumulation, cholinergic loss, chronic neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial and cerebrovascular dysfunction. Published studies in this field have also focused on changes in neuronal extracellular matrix (ECM), which is critical to synaptic formation, function, and stability. Two of the greatest non-modifiable risk factors for development of AD (aside from autosomal dominant familial AD gene mutations) are aging and APOE status, and two of the greatest modifiable risk factors for AD and related dementias are untreated major depressive disorder (MDD) and obesity. Indeed, the risk of developing AD doubles for every 5 years after ≥ 65, and the APOE4 allele increases AD risk with the greatest risk in homozygous APOE4 carriers. In this review, we will describe mechanisms by which excess ECM accumulation may contribute to AD pathology and discuss pathological ECM alterations that occur in AD as well as conditions that increase the AD risk. We will discuss the relationship of AD risk factors to chronic central nervous system and peripheral inflammation and detail ECM changes that may follow. In addition, we will discuss recent data our lab has obtained on ECM components and effectors in APOE4/4 and APOE3/3 expressing murine brain lysates, as well as human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from APOE3 and APOE4 expressing AD individuals. We will describe the principal molecules that function in ECM turnover as well as abnormalities in these molecular systems that have been observed in AD. Finally, we will communicate therapeutic interventions that have the potential to modulate ECM deposition and turnover in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Amontree
- Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Samantha Deasy
- Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States
| | - R. Scott Turner
- Department of Neurology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Katherine Conant
- Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States
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11
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Izquierdo-Luengo C, Ten-Blanco M, Ponce-Renilla M, Perezzan R, Pereda-Pérez I, Berrendero F. Adolescent exposure to the Spice/K2 cannabinoid JWH-018 impairs sensorimotor gating and alters cortical perineuronal nets in a sex-dependent manner. Transl Psychiatry 2023; 13:176. [PMID: 37225721 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02469-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The consumption of synthetic cannabinoids during adolescence is reported to be a risk factor for the appearance of psychiatric disorders later in life. JWH-018 was identified as one of the primary psychoactive components present in Spice/K2 preparations. This study evaluated the short- and long-term consequences of exposure to JWH-018 during the adolescence in anxiety-like behavior, fear extinction, and sensorimotor gating in male and female mice. Alterations in anxiety varied depending on the time interval between treatment and behavioral analysis along with sex, while no changes were observed in the extinction of fear memory. A decrease in prepulse inhibition of the startle reflex was revealed in male, but not female, mice at short- and long-term. This behavioral disturbance was associated with a reduction in the number of perineuronal nets in the prelimbic and infralimbic regions of the prefrontal cortex in the short-term. Furthermore, adolescent exposure to JWH-018 induced an activation of microglia and astrocytes in the prefrontal cortex of male mice at both time intervals. A transitory decrease in the expression of GAD67 and CB2 cannabinoid receptors in the prefrontal cortex was also found in male mice exposed to JWH-018. These data reveal that the treatment with JWH-018 during the adolescence leads to long-lasting neurobiological changes related to psychotic-like symptoms, which were sex-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Izquierdo-Luengo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biosanitarias, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marc Ten-Blanco
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biosanitarias, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Ponce-Renilla
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biosanitarias, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ramiro Perezzan
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biosanitarias, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Madrid, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Pereda-Pérez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biosanitarias, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Fernando Berrendero
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biosanitarias, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Madrid, Spain.
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12
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Raj Shekhar B, Rupani K, Raghunath Parkar S, Sunil Nayak A, Vasant Kumbhar B, Khare SP, Menon S, Gawde H, Kumar Das D. Identifying Novel Risk Conferring Genes Involved in Glycosylation Processes with Familial Schizophrenia in an Indian Cohort: Prediction of ADAMTS9 gene Variant for Structural Stability. Gene 2023; 872:147443. [PMID: 37105505 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a complex neuropsychiatric disorder and heritability is as high as 80% making it the most heritable mental disorder. Although GWAS has identified numerous variants, the pathophysiology is still elusive. Here, an attempt was made to identify genetic risk factors in familial cases of schizophrenia that are associated with a common causative pathway. To achieve this objective, exome sequencing was done in 4 familial cases and identified six unique coding variants in five genes. Among these genes, PIGQ gene has two pathogenic variants, one nonsense and in-frame deletion. One missense variant in GALNT16 and one in GALNT5 have variable damaging score, however, the other variants, in ADAMTS9 and in LTBP4 have the highest damaging score. Further analysis showed that the variant of LTBP4 was not present in the functional domain. The other missense variant in the ADAMTS9 gene was found to be significant and was present in the thrombospondin repeat motif, one of the important motifs. Detailed molecular dynamics simulation study on this variant showed a damaging effect on structural stability. Since, all these genes culminated into the glycosylation process, it was evident that an aberrant glycosylation process may be one of the risk factors. Although, extracellular matrix formation through glycosylation have been shown to be associated, the involvement of ADAMTS9 and PIGQ gene mediated glycosylation has not been reported. In this paper, a novel link between ADAMTS9 and PIGQ gene with schizophrenia have been reported. Therefore, this novel observation has contributed immensely to the existing knowledge on risk factor of Schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bipin Raj Shekhar
- Genetic Research Centre, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra-400012, India; Stem Cell Biology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra-400012, India
| | - Karishma Rupani
- Department of Psychiatry, Seth GS Medical College and KEM Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra-400012, India
| | - Shubhangi Raghunath Parkar
- Department of Psychiatry, Seth GS Medical College and KEM Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra-400012, India
| | - Ajita Sunil Nayak
- Department of Psychiatry, Seth GS Medical College and KEM Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra-400012, India
| | - Bajarang Vasant Kumbhar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sunandan Divatia School of Science, NMIMS University (Deemed), Mumbai, Maharashtra-400012, India
| | - Satyajeet P Khare
- Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences, Symbiosis International University, Pune, Maharashtra-412115, India
| | - Shyla Menon
- Stem Cell Biology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra-400012, India
| | - Harshavardhan Gawde
- Genetic Research Centre, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra-400012, India
| | - Dhanjit Kumar Das
- Stem Cell Biology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra-400012, India.
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13
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Suárez Santiago JE, Roldán GR, Picazo O. Ketamine as a pharmacological tool for the preclinical study of memory deficit in schizophrenia. Behav Pharmacol 2023; 34:80-91. [PMID: 36094064 DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a serious neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by the presence of positive symptoms (hallucinations, delusions, and disorganization of thought and language), negative symptoms (abulia, alogia, and affective flattening), and cognitive impairment (attention deficit, impaired declarative memory, and deficits in social cognition). Dopaminergic hyperactivity seems to explain the positive symptoms, but it does not completely clarify the appearance of negative and cognitive clinical manifestations. Preclinical data have demonstrated that acute and subchronic treatment with NMDA receptor antagonists such as ketamine (KET) represents a useful model that resembles the schizophrenia symptomatology, including cognitive impairment. This latter has been explained as a hypofunction of NMDA receptors located on the GABA parvalbumin-positive interneurons (near to the cortical pyramidal cells), thus generating an imbalance between the inhibitory and excitatory activity in the corticomesolimbic circuits. The use of behavioral models to explore alterations in different domains of memory is vital to learn more about the neurobiological changes that underlie schizophrenia. Thus, to better understand the neurophysiological mechanisms involved in cognitive impairment related to schizophrenia, the purpose of this review is to analyze the most recent findings regarding the effect of KET administration on these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Eduardo Suárez Santiago
- Escuela Superior de Medicina, Laboratorio de Farmacología Conductual, Instituto Politécnico Nacional
- Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Fisiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gabriel Roldán Roldán
- Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Fisiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ofir Picazo
- Escuela Superior de Medicina, Laboratorio de Farmacología Conductual, Instituto Politécnico Nacional
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14
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Ali AB, Islam A, Constanti A. The fate of interneurons, GABA A receptor sub-types and perineuronal nets in Alzheimer's disease. Brain Pathol 2022; 33:e13129. [PMID: 36409151 PMCID: PMC9836378 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.13129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurological disease, which is associated with gradual memory loss and correlated with synaptic hyperactivity and abnormal oscillatory rhythmic brain activity that precedes phenotypic alterations and is partly responsible for the spread of the disease pathology. Synaptic hyperactivity is thought to be because of alteration in the homeostasis of phasic and tonic synaptic inhibition, which is orchestrated by the GABAA inhibitory system, encompassing subclasses of interneurons and GABAA receptors, which play a vital role in cognitive functions, including learning and memory. Furthermore, the extracellular matrix, the perineuronal nets (PNNs) which often go unnoticed in considerations of AD pathology, encapsulate the inhibitory cells and neurites in critical brain regions and have recently come under the light for their crucial role in synaptic stabilisation and excitatory-inhibitory balance and when disrupted, serve as a potential trigger for AD-associated synaptic imbalance. Therefore, in this review, we summarise the current understanding of the selective vulnerability of distinct interneuron subtypes, their synaptic and extrasynaptic GABAA R subtypes as well as the changes in PNNs in AD, detailing their contribution to the mechanisms of disease development. We aim to highlight how seemingly unique malfunction in each component of the interneuronal GABA inhibitory system can be tied together to result in critical circuit dysfunction, leading to the irreversible symptomatic damage observed in AD.
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15
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Alıcı YH, Öztoprak H, Rızaner N, Baskak B, Devrimci Özgüven H. Deep neural network to differentiate brain activity between patients with euthymic bipolar disorders and healthy controls during verbal fluency performance: A multichannel near-infrared spectroscopy study. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2022; 326:111537. [PMID: 36088826 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2022.111537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to differentiate between euthymic bipolar disorder (BD) patients and healthy controls (HC) based on frontal activity measured by fNIRS that were converted to spectrograms with Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN). And also, we investigated brain regions that cause this distinction. In total, 29 BD patients and 28 HCs were recruited. Their brain cortical activities were measured using fNIRS while performing letter versions of VFT. Each one of the 24 fNIRS channels was converted to a 2D spectrogram on which a CNN architecture was designed and utilized for classification. We found that our CNN algorithm using fNIRS activity during a VFT is able to differentiate subjects with BD from healthy controls with 90% accuracy, 80% sensitivity, and 100% specificity. Moreover, validation performance reached an AUC of 94%. From our individual channel analyses, we observed channels corresponding to the left inferior frontal gyrus (left-IFC), medial frontal cortex (MFC), right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), Broca area, and right premotor have considerable activity variation to distinguish patients from HC. fNIRS activity during VFT can be used as a potential marker to classify euthymic BD patients from HCs. Activity particularly in the MFC, left-IFC, Broca's area, and DLPFC have a considerable variation to distinguish patients from healthy controls.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hüseyin Öztoprak
- Cyprus InternationalUniversity, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Haspolat, Mersin 10, North Cyprus, Turkey
| | - Nahit Rızaner
- Cyprus International University, Biotechnology Research Centre, Haspolat, Mersin 10, North Cyprus, Turkey
| | - Bora Baskak
- Ankara University, Department of Interdisciplinary Neuroscience, Health Science Institute, Ankara, Turkey; Ankara University, School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Ankara, Turkey
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16
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Scarlett JM, Hu SJ, Alonge KM. The "Loss" of Perineuronal Nets in Alzheimer's Disease: Missing or Hiding in Plain Sight? Front Integr Neurosci 2022; 16:896400. [PMID: 35694184 PMCID: PMC9174696 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2022.896400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Perineuronal nets (PNNs) are chondroitin-sulfate glycosaminoglycan (CS-GAG) containing extracellular matrix structures that assemble around neurons involved in learning, memory, and cognition. Owing to the unique patterning of negative charges stemming from sulfate modifications to the attached CS-GAGs, these matrices play key roles in mediating glycan-protein binding, signaling interactions, and charged ion buffering of the underlying circuitry. Histochemical loss of PNN matrices has been reported for a range of neurocognitive and neurodegenerative diseases, implying that PNNs might be a key player in the pathogenesis of neurological disorders. In this hypothesis and theory article, we begin by highlighting PNN changes observed in human postmortem brain tissue associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and corresponding changes reported in rodent models of AD neuropathology. We then discuss the technical limitations surrounding traditional methods for PNN analyses and propose alternative explanations to these historical findings. Lastly, we embark on a global re-evaluation of the interpretations for PNN changes across brain regions, across species, and in relation to other neurocognitive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarrad M Scarlett
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Shannon J Hu
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Kimberly M Alonge
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
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17
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Structural and Functional Deviations of the Hippocampus in Schizophrenia and Schizophrenia Animal Models. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105482. [PMID: 35628292 PMCID: PMC9143100 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a grave neuropsychiatric disease which frequently onsets between the end of adolescence and the beginning of adulthood. It is characterized by a variety of neuropsychiatric abnormalities which are categorized into positive, negative and cognitive symptoms. Most therapeutical strategies address the positive symptoms by antagonizing D2-dopamine-receptors (DR). However, negative and cognitive symptoms persist and highly impair the life quality of patients due to their disabling effects. Interestingly, hippocampal deviations are a hallmark of schizophrenia and can be observed in early as well as advanced phases of the disease progression. These alterations are commonly accompanied by a rise in neuronal activity. Therefore, hippocampal formation plays an important role in the manifestation of schizophrenia. Furthermore, studies with animal models revealed a link between environmental risk factors and morphological as well as electrophysiological abnormalities in the hippocampus. Here, we review recent findings on structural and functional hippocampal abnormalities in schizophrenic patients and in schizophrenia animal models, and we give an overview on current experimental approaches that especially target the hippocampus. A better understanding of hippocampal aberrations in schizophrenia might clarify their impact on the manifestation and on the outcome of this severe disease.
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18
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Impact of stress on inhibitory neuronal circuits, our tribute to Bruce McEwen. Neurobiol Stress 2022; 19:100460. [PMID: 35734023 PMCID: PMC9207718 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2022.100460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
This manuscript is dedicated to the memory of Bruce S. McEwen, to commemorate the impact he had on how we understand stress and neuronal plasticity, and the profound influence he exerted on our scientific careers. The focus of this review is the impact of stressors on inhibitory circuits, particularly those of the limbic system, but we also consider other regions affected by these adverse experiences. We revise the effects of acute and chronic stress during different stages of development and lifespan, taking into account the influence of the sex of the animals. We review first the influence of stress on the physiology of inhibitory neurons and on the expression of molecules related directly to GABAergic neurotransmission, and then focus on specific interneuron subpopulations, particularly on parvalbumin and somatostatin expressing cells. Then we analyze the effects of stress on molecules and structures related to the plasticity of inhibitory neurons: the polysialylated form of the neural cell adhesion molecule and perineuronal nets. Finally, we review the potential of antidepressants or environmental manipulations to revert the effects of stress on inhibitory circuits.
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19
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Yu S, Park M, Kang J, Lee E, Jung J, Kim T. Aberrant Gamma-Band Oscillations in Mice with Vitamin D Deficiency: Implications on Schizophrenia and Its Cognitive Symptoms. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12020318. [PMID: 35207806 PMCID: PMC8879176 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12020318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D plays an essential role in cognitive functions as well as regulating calcium homeostasis and the immune system. Many epidemiological studies have also shown the close relationship between vitamin D deficiency (VDD) and the risk of schizophrenia. Cortical gamma-band oscillations (GBO) are associated with cognitive functions, such as attention and memory. Patients with schizophrenia show abnormal GBO with increased spontaneous GBO and decreased evoked GBO. However, the direct effect of VDD on GBO remains unknown. Parvalbumin interneurons, which predominantly contribute to the generation of GBO, are surrounded by perineuronal nets (PNN). We sought to investigate the associations among VDD, PNN, and GBO. Here, we injected a viral vector (AAV5-DIO-ChR2-eYFP) into the basal forebrain stereotaxically and implanted electrodes for electroencephalogram (EEG). At baseline, the evoked and spontaneous EEG power at the gamma frequency band was measured in 4-month-old male PV-Cre mice. After six and twenty weeks of vitamin D deficient food administration, the power of GBO was measured in the VDD condition. Next, we injected the chondroitinase ABC (ChABC) enzyme into the frontal cortex to eliminate PNN. We found that the VDD group showed decreased power of both optogenetically- and auditory-evoked GBO, whereas the spontaneous GBO increased. Enzymatic digestion of PNN showed similar changes in GBO. Taken together, we suggest that VDD could result in decreased PNN and, consequently, increase the spontaneous GBO and decrease the evoked GBO, reminiscent of the aberrant GBO in schizophrenia. These results show that VDD might increase the risk of schizophrenia and aggravate the cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Tae Kim
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-62-715-5363
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20
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Tanti A, Belliveau C, Nagy C, Maitra M, Denux F, Perlman K, Chen F, Mpai R, Canonne C, Théberge S, McFarquhar A, Davoli MA, Belzung C, Turecki G, Mechawar N. Child abuse associates with increased recruitment of perineuronal nets in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex: a possible implication of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:1552-1561. [PMID: 34799691 PMCID: PMC9095471 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01372-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Child abuse (CA) is a strong predictor of psychopathologies and suicide, altering normal trajectories of brain development in areas closely linked to emotional responses such as the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Yet, the cellular underpinnings of these enduring effects are unclear. Childhood and adolescence are marked by the protracted formation of perineuronal nets (PNNs), which orchestrate the closure of developmental windows of cortical plasticity by regulating the functional integration of parvalbumin interneurons into neuronal circuits. Using well-characterized post-mortem brain samples, we show that a history of CA is specifically associated with increased densities and morphological complexity of WFL-labeled PNNs in the ventromedial PFC (BA11/12), possibly suggesting increased recruitment and maturation of PNNs. Through single-nucleus sequencing and fluorescent in situ hybridization, we found that the expression of canonical components of PNNs is enriched in oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs), and that they are upregulated in CA victims. These correlational findings suggest that early-life adversity may lead to persistent patterns of maladaptive behaviors by reducing the neuroplasticity of cortical circuits through the enhancement of developmental OPC-mediated PNN formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Tanti
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada. .,UMR 1253, iBrain, Inserm, Université de Tours, Tours, France.
| | - Claudia Belliveau
- grid.412078.80000 0001 2353 5268McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada ,grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Corina Nagy
- grid.412078.80000 0001 2353 5268McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Malosree Maitra
- grid.412078.80000 0001 2353 5268McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada ,grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Fanny Denux
- grid.412078.80000 0001 2353 5268McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Kelly Perlman
- grid.412078.80000 0001 2353 5268McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada ,grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Frank Chen
- grid.412078.80000 0001 2353 5268McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Refilwe Mpai
- grid.412078.80000 0001 2353 5268McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada ,grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Candice Canonne
- grid.412078.80000 0001 2353 5268McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada ,grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Stéphanie Théberge
- grid.412078.80000 0001 2353 5268McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada ,grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Ashley McFarquhar
- grid.412078.80000 0001 2353 5268McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Maria Antonietta Davoli
- grid.412078.80000 0001 2353 5268McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Catherine Belzung
- grid.12366.300000 0001 2182 6141UMR 1253, iBrain, Inserm, Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Gustavo Turecki
- grid.412078.80000 0001 2353 5268McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada ,grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada ,grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, QC Canada
| | - Naguib Mechawar
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada. .,Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada. .,Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.
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21
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Klimczak P, Rizzo A, Castillo-Gómez E, Perez-Rando M, Gramuntell Y, Beltran M, Nacher J. Parvalbumin Interneurons and Perineuronal Nets in the Hippocampus and Retrosplenial Cortex of Adult Male Mice After Early Social Isolation Stress and Perinatal NMDA Receptor Antagonist Treatment. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2021; 13:733989. [PMID: 34630066 PMCID: PMC8493248 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2021.733989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Both early life aversive experiences and intrinsic alterations in early postnatal neurodevelopment are considered predisposing factors for psychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia. The prefrontal cortex and the hippocampus have protracted postnatal development and are affected in schizophrenic patients. Interestingly, similar alterations have been observed in the retrosplenial cortex (RSC). Studies in patients and animal models of schizophrenia have found alterations in cortical parvalbumin (PV) expressing interneurons, making them good candidates to study the etiopathology of this disorder. Some of the alterations observed in PV+ interneurons may be mediated by perineuronal nets (PNNs), specialized regions of the extracellular matrix, which frequently surround these inhibitory neurons. In this study, we have used a double hit model (DHM) combining a single perinatal injection of an NMDAR antagonist (MK801) to disturb early postnatal development and post-weaning social isolation as an early life aversive experience. We have investigated PV expressing interneurons and PNNs in the hippocampus and the RSC of adult male mice, using unbiased stereology. In the CA1, but not in the CA3 region, of the hippocampus, the number of PNNs and PV + PNN+ cells was affected by the drug treatment, and a significant decrease of these parameters was observed in the groups of animals that received MK801. The percentage of PNNs surrounding PV+ cells was significantly decreased after treatment in both hippocampal regions; however, the impact of isolation was observed only in CA1, where isolated animals presented lower percentages. In the RSC, we observed significant effects of isolation, MK801 and the interaction of both interventions on the studied parameters; in the DHM, we observed a significantly lower number of PV+, PNNs, and PV+PNN+cells when compared to control mice. Similar significant decreases were observed for the groups of animals that were just isolated or treated with MK801. To our knowledge, this is the first report on such alterations in the RSC in an animal model combining neurodevelopmental alterations and aversive experiences during infancy/adolescence. These results show the impact of early-life events on different cortical regions, especially on the structure and plasticity of PV+ neurons and their involvement in the emergence of certain psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Klimczak
- Neurobiology Unit, Program in Neurosciences and Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain.,Spanish National Network for Research in Mental Health, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Arianna Rizzo
- Neurobiology Unit, Program in Neurosciences and Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Esther Castillo-Gómez
- Neurobiology Unit, Program in Neurosciences and Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain.,Spanish National Network for Research in Mental Health, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain.,Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico de Valencia, INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Marta Perez-Rando
- Neurobiology Unit, Program in Neurosciences and Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain.,Spanish National Network for Research in Mental Health, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain.,Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico de Valencia, INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Yaiza Gramuntell
- Neurobiology Unit, Program in Neurosciences and Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Marc Beltran
- Neurobiology Unit, Program in Neurosciences and Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Juan Nacher
- Neurobiology Unit, Program in Neurosciences and Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain.,Spanish National Network for Research in Mental Health, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain.,Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico de Valencia, INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
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22
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Pinna A, Colasanti A. The Neurometabolic Basis of Mood Instability: The Parvalbumin Interneuron Link-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:689473. [PMID: 34616292 PMCID: PMC8488267 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.689473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The neurobiological bases of mood instability are poorly understood. Neuronal network alterations and neurometabolic abnormalities have been implicated in the pathophysiology of mood and anxiety conditions associated with mood instability and hence are candidate mechanisms underlying its neurobiology. Fast-spiking parvalbumin GABAergic interneurons modulate the activity of principal excitatory neurons through their inhibitory action determining precise neuronal excitation balance. These interneurons are directly involved in generating neuronal networks activities responsible for sustaining higher cerebral functions and are especially vulnerable to metabolic stress associated with deficiency of energy substrates or mitochondrial dysfunction. Parvalbumin interneurons are therefore candidate key players involved in mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of brain disorders associated with both neuronal networks' dysfunction and brain metabolism dysregulation. To provide empirical support to this hypothesis, we hereby report meta-analytical evidence of parvalbumin interneurons loss or dysfunction in the brain of patients with Bipolar Affective Disorder (BPAD), a condition primarily characterized by mood instability for which the pathophysiological role of mitochondrial dysfunction has recently emerged as critically important. We then present a comprehensive review of evidence from the literature illustrating the bidirectional relationship between deficiency in mitochondrial-dependent energy production and parvalbumin interneuron abnormalities. We propose a mechanistic explanation of how alterations in neuronal excitability, resulting from parvalbumin interneurons loss or dysfunction, might manifest clinically as mood instability, a poorly understood clinical phenotype typical of the most severe forms of affective disorders. The evidence we report provides insights on the broader therapeutic potential of pharmacologically targeting parvalbumin interneurons in psychiatric and neurological conditions characterized by both neurometabolic and neuroexcitability abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonello Pinna
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom.,Department of Neuroscience, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Alessandro Colasanti
- Department of Neuroscience, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
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23
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Perlman G, Tanti A, Mechawar N. Parvalbumin interneuron alterations in stress-related mood disorders: A systematic review. Neurobiol Stress 2021; 15:100380. [PMID: 34557569 PMCID: PMC8446799 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2021.100380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress-related psychiatric disorders including depression involve complex cellular and molecular changes in the brain, and GABAergic signaling dysfunction is increasingly implicated in the etiology of mood disorders. Parvalbumin (PV)-expressing neurons are fast-spiking interneurons that, among other roles, coordinate synchronous neuronal firing. Mounting evidence suggests that the PV neuron phenotype is altered by stress and in mood disorders. In this systematic review, we assessed PV interneuron alterations in psychiatric disorders as reported in human postmortem brain studies and animal models of environmental stress. This review aims to 1) comprehensively catalog evidence of PV cell function in mood disorders (humans) and stress models of mood disorders (animals); 2) analyze the strength of evidence of PV interneuron alterations in various brain regions in humans and rodents; 3) determine whether the modulating effect of antidepressant treatment, physical exercise, and environmental enrichment on stress in animals associates with particular effects on PV function; and 4) use this information to guide future research avenues. Its principal findings, derived mainly from rodent studies, are that stress-related changes in PV cells are only reported in a minority of studies, that positive findings are region-, age-, sex-, and stress recency-dependent, and that antidepressants protect from stress-induced apparent PV cell loss. These observations do not currently translate well to humans, although the postmortem literature on the topic remains limited.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arnaud Tanti
- Corresponding author. McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Department of Psychiaty, McGill University, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, 6875 LaSalle blvd, Verdun, Qc, H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Naguib Mechawar
- Corresponding author. McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Department of Psychiaty, McGill University, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, 6875 LaSalle blvd, Verdun, Qc, H4H 1R3, Canada
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24
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Atay Canbek O, Ilhan Atagun M, Devrim Balaban O, Ipekcioglu D, Alpugan B, Yalcin S, Senat A, Karamustafalioglu N, Cem Ilnem M, Erel O. Electroconvulsive Therapy and Extracellular Matrix Glycoproteins in Patients with Depressive Episodes. PSYCHIAT CLIN PSYCH 2021; 31:157-164. [PMID: 38765234 PMCID: PMC11079656 DOI: 10.5152/pcp.2021.20161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The brain extracellular matrix (ECM) is composed of glycoproteins deriving from the cell membrane and joining into nets called perineuronal nets (PNNs). The ECM glycoproteins limit neuroplasticity, cell proliferation, and differentiation. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is provided by electrical currents that may alter several cascades and biophysical effects. ECM conformation might be influenced by the effects of ECT. Methods Patients with depressive disorders (n = 23) and healthy control subjects (n = 21) were enrolled. Serum levels of the ECM glycoproteins versican, brevican, neurocan, phosphocan and tenascin C were measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Serum samples were collected from the patients in the patient group at 3 time points: before ECT, 30 min after the first session, and 30 min after the seventh session. Results There was a significant difference in tenascin C levels (P = .001) between the groups. No other significant difference was observed. Serum levels of the measured ECM glycoproteins and prolidase activity did not differ in the depression group after the administration of ECT. Conclusions Our results did not support the claim suggesting a possible mechanism for modulation of ECM glycoproteins by ECT. Serum levels may not necessarily reflect conformational changes in the ECM. Further studies are needed to investigate the effects of ECT on ECM glycoproteins. Modulation of the ECM may provide a new window suggesting improvement in treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozge Atay Canbek
- Istanbul Bakirkoy Research and Training Hospital for Psychiatry, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Ozlem Devrim Balaban
- Istanbul Bakirkoy Research and Training Hospital for Psychiatry, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Derya Ipekcioglu
- Istanbul Bakirkoy Research and Training Hospital for Psychiatry, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Baris Alpugan
- Istanbul Bakirkoy Research and Training Hospital for Psychiatry, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Suat Yalcin
- Istanbul Bakirkoy Research and Training Hospital for Psychiatry, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Almila Senat
- Istanbul Taksim Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Mehmet Cem Ilnem
- Istanbul Bakirkoy Research and Training Hospital for Psychiatry, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ozcan Erel
- Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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25
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Gisabella B, Babu J, Valeri J, Rexrode L, Pantazopoulos H. Sleep and Memory Consolidation Dysfunction in Psychiatric Disorders: Evidence for the Involvement of Extracellular Matrix Molecules. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:646678. [PMID: 34054408 PMCID: PMC8160443 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.646678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep disturbances and memory dysfunction are key characteristics across psychiatric disorders. Recent advances have revealed insight into the role of sleep in memory consolidation, pointing to key overlap between memory consolidation processes and structural and molecular abnormalities in psychiatric disorders. Ongoing research regarding the molecular mechanisms involved in memory consolidation has the potential to identify therapeutic targets for memory dysfunction in psychiatric disorders and aging. Recent evidence from our group and others points to extracellular matrix molecules, including chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans and their endogenous proteases, as molecules that may underlie synaptic dysfunction in psychiatric disorders and memory consolidation during sleep. These molecules may provide a therapeutic targets for decreasing strength of reward memories in addiction and traumatic memories in PTSD, as well as restoring deficits in memory consolidation in schizophrenia and aging. We review the evidence for sleep and memory consolidation dysfunction in psychiatric disorders and aging in the context of current evidence pointing to the involvement of extracellular matrix molecules in these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Harry Pantazopoulos
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
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26
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Sánchez-González A, Thougaard E, Tapias-Espinosa C, Cañete T, Sampedro-Viana D, Saunders JM, Toneatti R, Tobeña A, Gónzalez-Maeso J, Aznar S, Fernández-Teruel A. Increased thin-spine density in frontal cortex pyramidal neurons in a genetic rat model of schizophrenia-relevant features. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2021; 44:79-91. [PMID: 33485732 PMCID: PMC7902438 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2021.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The cellular mechanisms altered during brain wiring leading to cognitive disturbances in neurodevelopmental disorders remain unknown. We have previously reported altered cortical expression of neurodevelopmentally regulated synaptic markers in a genetic animal model of schizophrenia-relevant behavioral features, the Roman-High Avoidance rat strain (RHA-I). To further explore this phenotype, we looked at dendritic spines in cortical pyramidal neurons, as changes in spine density and morphology are one of the main processes taking place during adolescence. An HSV-viral vector carrying green fluorescent protein (GFP) was injected into the frontal cortex (FC) of a group of 11 RHA-I and 12 Roman-Low Avoidance (RLA-I) male rats. GFP labeled dendrites from pyramidal cells were 3D reconstructed and number and types of spines quantified. We observed an increased spine density in the RHA-I, corresponding to a larger fraction of immature thin spines, with no differences in stubby and mushroom spines. Glia cells, parvalbumin (PV) and somatostatin (SST) interneurons and surrounding perineuronal net (PNN) density are known to participate in FC and pyramidal neuron dendritic spine maturation. We determined by stereological-based quantification a significantly higher number of GFAP-positive astrocytes in the FC of the RHA-I strain, with no difference in microglia (Iba1-positive cells). The number of inhibitory PV, SST interneurons or PNN density, on the contrary, was unchanged. Results support our belief that the RHA-I strain presents a more immature FC, with some structural features like those observed during adolescence, adding construct validity to this strain as a genetic behavioral model of neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sánchez-González
- Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - E Thougaard
- Research Laboratory for Stereology and Neuroscience, Bispebjerg Copenhagen University Hospital, 2400 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - C Tapias-Espinosa
- Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - T Cañete
- Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - D Sampedro-Viana
- Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J M Saunders
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - R Toneatti
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - A Tobeña
- Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Gónzalez-Maeso
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - S Aznar
- Research Laboratory for Stereology and Neuroscience, Bispebjerg Copenhagen University Hospital, 2400 Copenhagen, Denmark; Copenhagen Center for Translational Research, Bispebjerg Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - A Fernández-Teruel
- Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
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27
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Gildawie KR, Ryll LM, Hexter JC, Peterzell S, Valentine AA, Brenhouse HC. A two-hit adversity model in developing rats reveals sex-specific impacts on prefrontal cortex structure and behavior. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2021; 48:100924. [PMID: 33515957 PMCID: PMC7847967 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2021.100924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Adversity early in life substantially impacts prefrontal cortex (PFC) development and vulnerability to later-life psychopathology. Importantly, repeated adverse experiences throughout childhood increase the risk for PFC-mediated behavioral deficits more commonly in women. Evidence from animal models points to effects of adversity on later-life neural and behavioral dysfunction; however, few studies have investigated the neurobiological underpinnings of sex-specific, long-term consequences of multiple developmental stressors. We modeled early life adversity in rats via maternal separation (postnatal day (P)2-20) and juvenile social isolation (P21-35). In adulthood, anxiety-like behavior was assessed in the elevated zero maze and the presence and structural integrity of PFC perineuronal nets (PNNs) enwrapping parvalbumin (PV)-expressing interneurons was quantified. PNNs are extracellular matrix structures formed during critical periods in postnatal development that play a key role in the plasticity of PV cells. We observed a female-specific effect of adversity on hyperactivity and risk-assessment behavior. Moreover, females – but not males – exposed to multiple hits of adversity demonstrated a reduction in PFC PV cells in adulthood. We also observed a sex-specific, potentiated reduction in PV + PNN structural integrity. These findings suggest a sex-specific impact of repeated adversity on neurostructural development and implicate PNNs as a contributor to associated behavioral dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lilly M Ryll
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jessica C Hexter
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shayna Peterzell
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
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28
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Non-cell-autonomous OTX2 transcription factor regulates anxiety-related behavior in the mouse. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:6469-6480. [PMID: 33963285 PMCID: PMC8760049 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01132-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The OTX2 homeoprotein transcription factor is expressed in the dopaminergic neurons of the ventral tegmental area, which projects to limbic structures controlling complex behaviors. OTX2 is also produced in choroid plexus epithelium, from which it is secreted into cerebrospinal fluid and transferred to limbic structure parvalbumin interneurons. Previously, adult male mice subjected to early-life stress were found susceptible to anxiety-like behaviors, with accompanying OTX2 expression changes in ventral tegmental area or choroid plexus. Here, we investigated the consequences of reduced OTX2 levels in Otx2 heterozygote mice, as well as in Otx2+/AA and scFvOtx2tg/0 mouse models for decreasing OTX2 transfer from choroid plexus to parvalbumin interneurons. Both male and female adult mice show anxiolysis-like phenotypes in all three models. In Otx2 heterozygote mice, we observed no changes in dopaminergic neuron numbers and morphology in ventral tegmental area, nor in their metabolic output and projections to target structures. However, we found reduced expression of parvalbumin in medial prefrontal cortex, which could be rescued in part by adult overexpression of Otx2 specifically in choroid plexus, resulting in increased anxiety-like behavior. Taken together, OTX2 synthesis by the choroid plexus followed by its secretion into the cerebrospinal fluid is an important regulator of anxiety-related phenotypes in the mouse.
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29
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Aberrant glycosylation in schizophrenia: a review of 25 years of post-mortem brain studies. Mol Psychiatry 2020; 25:3198-3207. [PMID: 32404945 PMCID: PMC8081047 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-0761-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Glycosylation, the enzymatic attachment of carbohydrates to proteins and lipids, regulates nearly all cellular processes and is critical in the development and function of the nervous system. Axon pathfinding, neurite outgrowth, synaptogenesis, neurotransmission, and many other neuronal processes are regulated by glycans. Over the past 25 years, studies analyzing post-mortem brain samples have found evidence of aberrant glycosylation in individuals with schizophrenia. Proteins involved in both excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission display altered glycans in the disease state, including AMPA and kainate receptor subunits, glutamate transporters EAAT1 and EAAT2, and the GABAA receptor. Polysialylated NCAM (PSA-NCAM) and perineuronal nets, highly glycosylated molecules critical for axonal migration and synaptic stabilization, are both downregulated in multiple brain regions of individuals with schizophrenia. In addition, enzymes spanning several pathways of glycan synthesis show differential expression in brains of individuals with schizophrenia. These changes may be due to genetic predisposition, environmental perturbations, medication use, or a combination of these factors. However, the recent association of several enzymes of glycosylation with schizophrenia by genome-wide association studies underscores the importance of glycosylation in this disease. Understanding how glycosylation is dysregulated in the brain will further our understanding of how this pathway contributes to the development and pathophysiology of schizophrenia.
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30
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Tendilla-Beltrán H, Sanchez-Islas NDC, Marina-Ramos M, Leza JC, Flores G. The prefrontal cortex as a target for atypical antipsychotics in schizophrenia, lessons of neurodevelopmental animal models. Prog Neurobiol 2020; 199:101967. [PMID: 33271238 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2020.101967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Prefrontal cortex (PFC) inflammatory imbalance, oxidative/nitrosative stress (O/NS) and impaired neuroplasticity in schizophrenia are thought to have neurodevelopmental origins. Animal models are not only useful to test this hypothesis, they are also effective to establish a relationship among brain disturbances and behavior with the atypical antipsychotics (AAPs) effects. Here we review data of PFC post-mortem and in vivo neuroimaging, human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC), and peripheral blood studies of inflammatory, O/NS, and neuroplasticity alterations in the disease as well as about their modulation by AAPs. Moreover, we reviewed the PFC alterations and the AAP mechanisms beyond their canonical antipsychotic action in four neurodevelopmental animal models relevant to the study of schizophrenia with a distinct approach in the generation of schizophrenia-like phenotypes, but all converge in O/NS and altered neuroplasticity in the PFC. These animal models not only reinforce the neurodevelopmental risk factor model of schizophrenia but also arouse some novel potential therapeutic targets for the disease including the reestablishment of the antioxidant response by the perineuronal nets (PNNs) and the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) pathway, as well as the dendritic spine dynamics in the PFC pyramidal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiram Tendilla-Beltrán
- Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), Puebla, Mexico; Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas (ENCB), Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), CDMX, Mexico
| | | | - Mauricio Marina-Ramos
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Popular Autónoma del Estado de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Juan C Leza
- Departamento de Farmacología y Toxicología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica (IUIN), UCM. Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital, 12 de Octubre (Imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Flores
- Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), Puebla, Mexico.
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Perkins DO, Jeffries CD, Do KQ. Potential Roles of Redox Dysregulation in the Development of Schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry 2020; 88:326-336. [PMID: 32560962 PMCID: PMC7395886 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2020.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Converging evidence implicates redox dysregulation as a pathological mechanism driving the emergence of psychosis. Increased oxidative damage and decreased capacity of intracellular redox modulatory systems are consistent findings in persons with schizophrenia as well as in persons at clinical high risk who subsequently developed frank psychosis. Levels of glutathione, a key regulator of cellular redox status, are reduced in the medial prefrontal cortex, striatum, and thalamus in schizophrenia. In humans with schizophrenia and in rodent models recapitulating various features of schizophrenia, redox dysregulation is linked to reductions of parvalbumin containing gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) interneurons and volumes of their perineuronal nets, white matter abnormalities, and microglia activation. Importantly, the activity of transcription factors, kinases, and phosphatases regulating diverse aspects of neurodevelopment and synaptic plasticity varies according to cellular redox state. Molecules regulating interneuron function under redox control include NMDA receptor subunits GluN1 and GluN2A as well as KEAP1 (regulator of transcription factor NRF2). In a rodent schizophrenia model characterized by impaired glutathione synthesis, the Gclm knockout mouse, oxidative stress activated MMP9 (matrix metalloprotease 9) via its redox-responsive regulatory sites, causing a cascade of molecular events leading to microglia activation, perineural net degradation, and impaired NMDA receptor function. Molecular pathways under redox control are implicated in the etiopathology of schizophrenia and are attractive drug targets for individualized drug therapy trials in the contexts of prevention and treatment of psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana O. Perkins
- corresponding author: CB 7160, Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, Office: 919-962-1401, Cell: 919-360-1602,
| | - Clark D. Jeffries
- Renaissance Computing Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill NC
| | - Kim Q. Do
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital-CHUV, Prilly-Lausanne, Switzerland
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Kaushik R, Lipachev N, Matuszko G, Kochneva A, Dvoeglazova A, Becker A, Paveliev M, Dityatev A. Fine structure analysis of perineuronal nets in the ketamine model of schizophrenia. Eur J Neurosci 2020; 53:3988-4004. [PMID: 32510674 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Perineuronal nets (PNNs) represent a highly condensed specialized form of brain extracellular matrix (ECM) enwrapping mostly parvalbumin-positive interneurons in the brain in a mesh-like fashion. PNNs not only regulate the onset and completion of the critical period during postnatal brain development, control cell excitability, and synaptic transmission but are also implicated in several brain disorders including schizophrenia. Holes in the perineuronal nets, harboring the synaptic contacts, along with hole-surrounding ECM barrier can be viewed as PNN compartmentalization units that might determine the properties of synapses and heterosynaptic communication. In this study, we developed a novel open-source script for Fiji (ImageJ) to semi-automatically quantify structural alterations of PNNs such as the number of PNN units, area, mean intensity of PNN marker expression in 2D and 3D, shape parameters of PNN units in the ketamine-treated Sprague-Dawley rat model of schizophrenia using high-resolution confocal microscopic images. We discovered that the mean intensity of ECM within PNN units is inversely correlated with the area and the perimeter of the PNN holes. The intensity, size, and shape of PNN units proved to be three major principal factors to describe their variability. Ketamine-treated rats had more numerous but smaller and less circular PNN units than control rats. These parameters allowed to correctly classify individual PNNs as derived from control or ketamine-treated groups with ≈85% reliability. Thus, the proposed multidimensional analysis of PNN units provided a robust and comprehensive morphometric fingerprinting of fine ECM structure abnormalities in the experimental model of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Kaushik
- Molecular Neuroplasticity, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany.,Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Nikita Lipachev
- Molecular Neuroplasticity, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany.,Institute of Physics, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Gabriela Matuszko
- Molecular Neuroplasticity, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Anastasia Kochneva
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Anastasia Dvoeglazova
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Axel Becker
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Mikhail Paveliev
- Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Alexander Dityatev
- Molecular Neuroplasticity, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany.,Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), Magdeburg, Germany.,Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
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33
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Perineuronal Nets Regulate the Inhibitory Perisomatic Input onto Parvalbumin Interneurons and γ Activity in the Prefrontal Cortex. J Neurosci 2020; 40:5008-5018. [PMID: 32457072 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0291-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Parvalbumin-expressing (PV+) interneurons play a key role in the maturation and synchronization of cortical circuitry and alterations in these inhibitory neurons, especially in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), have been found in different psychiatric disorders. The formation of perineuronal nets (PNNs) around many of these interneurons at the end of the critical periods reduces their plasticity and sets their connectivity. Consequently, the presence of PNNs must have an important impact on the synaptic input and the physiology of PV+ cells. In the present study, we have found that in adult male mice, prefrontocortical PV+ cells surrounded by PNNs show higher density of perisomatic excitatory and inhibitory puncta, longer axonal initial segments (AISs), and higher PV expression when compared with PV+ cells lacking PNNs. In order to better understand the impact of PNNs on the connectivity and physiology of PV+ interneurons in the mPFC, we have digested enzymatically these structures and have found a decrease in the density of inhibitory puncta on their perisomatic region but not on the PV+ perisomatic puncta on pyramidal neurons. Moreover, extracellular recordings show that the digestion of PNNs induces a decrease in γ activity, an oscillation dependent on PV+ cells, in the mPFC of anesthetized mice. Our results suggest that the presence of PNNs enwrapping PV+ cells regulates their inhibitory input and has a potent influence on their activity. These results may be relevant for psychiatric research, given the alterations in PNNs, PV+ interneurons and their physiology described in different mental disorders.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Parvalbumin-expressing (PV+) interneurons are surrounded by specializations of the extracellular matrix, the perineuronal nets (PNNs). PNNs regulate the development and plasticity of PV+ cells and, consequently, their presence must influence their synaptic input and physiology. We have found, in the adult prefrontal cortex (PFC), substantial differences in the structure and connectivity of PV+ interneurons depending on the presence of PNNs. The depletion of PNNs from the PFC has also a potent effect on the connectivity of PV+ cells and on neural oscillations that depend on these cells. These findings are relevant to understand the role of PNNs in the adult brain and in certain psychiatric disorders in which alterations in PNNs and PV+ interneurons have been described.
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Yang T, Nie Z, Shu H, Kuang Y, Chen X, Cheng J, Yu S, Liu H. The Role of BDNF on Neural Plasticity in Depression. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:82. [PMID: 32351365 PMCID: PMC7174655 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.00082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Using behavioral, pharmacological, and molecular methods, lots of studies reveal that depression is closely related to the abnormal neural plasticity processes occurring in the prefrontal cortex and limbic system such as the hippocampus and amygdala. Meanwhile, functions of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and the other neurotrophins in the pathogenesis of depression are well known. The maladaptive neuroplastic in depression may be related to alterations in the levels of neurotrophic factors, which play a central role in plasticity. Enhancement of neurotrophic factors signaling has great potential in therapy for depression. This review highlights the relevance of neurotrophic factors mediated neural plasticity and pathophysiology of depression. These studies reviewed here may suggest new possible targets for antidepressant drugs such as neurotrophins, their receptors, and relevant signaling pathways, and agents facilitating the activation of gene expression and increasing the transcription of neurotrophic factors in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Zheng Nie
- Department of Anatomy and Histology and Embryology, Regeneration Key Lab of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Haifeng Shu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Yongqin Kuang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingmin Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Sixun Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Huiying Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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