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Yin C, Zhang M, Jin S, Zhou Y, Ding L, Lv Q, Huang Z, Zhou J, Chen J, Wang P, Zhang S, You Q. Mechanism of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge extract to alleviate Chronic Sleep Deprivation-Induced cognitive dysfunction in rats. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 130:155725. [PMID: 38772181 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bidirectional communication between the gut microbiota and the brain may play an essential role in the cognitive dysfunction associated with chronic sleep deprivation(CSD). Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (Danshen, DS), a famous Chinese medicine and functional tea, is extensively used to protect learning and memory capacities, although the mechanism of action remains unknown. PURPOSE The purpose of this research was to explore the efficacy and the underlying mechanism of DS in cognitive dysfunction caused by CSD. METHODS DS chemical composition was analyzed by UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS. Forty rats were randomly assigned to five groups (n = 8): control (CON), model (MOD), low- (1.35 g/kg, DSL), high-dose (2.70 g/kg, DSH) DS group, and Melatonin(100 mg/kg, MT) group. A CSD rat model was established over 21 days. DS's effects and the underlying mechanism were explored using the open-field test(OFT), Morris water-maze(MWM), tissue staining(Hematoxylin and Eosin Staining, Nissl staining, Alcian blue-periodic acid SCHIFF staining, and Immunofluorescence), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, Western blot, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(qPCR), and 16S rRNA sequencing. RESULTS We demonstrated that CSD caused gut dysbiosis and cognitive dysfunction. Furthermore, 16S rRNA sequencing demonstrated that Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were more in fecal samples from model group rats, whereas Bacteroidota and Spirochaetota were less. DS therapy, on the contrary hand, greatly restored the gut microbial community, consequently alleviating cognitive impairment in rats. Further research revealed that DS administration reduced systemic inflammation via lowering intestinal inflammation and barrier disruption. Following that, DS therapy reduced Blood Brain Barrier(BBB) and neuronal damage, further decreasing neuroinflammation in the hippocampus(HP). Mechanistic studies revealed that DS therapy lowered lipopolysaccharide (LPS) levels in the HP, serum, and colon, consequently blocking the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway and its downstream pro-inflammatory products(IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, iNOS, and COX2) in the HP and colon. CONCLUSION DS treatment dramatically improved spatial learning and memory impairments in rats with CSD by regulating the composition of the intestinal flora, preserving gut and brain barrier function, and reducing inflammation mediated by the LPS-TLR4 signaling pathway. Our findings provide novel insight into the mechanisms by which DS treats cognitive dysfunction caused by CSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Yin
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, PR China; Engineering Research Center of TCM Protection Technology and New Product Development for the Elderly Brain Health, Ministry of Education, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, PR China; Hubei Shizhen Laboratory, Wuhan 430065, PR China
| | - Meiya Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, PR China; Engineering Research Center of TCM Protection Technology and New Product Development for the Elderly Brain Health, Ministry of Education, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, PR China; Hubei Shizhen Laboratory, Wuhan 430065, PR China
| | - Shuna Jin
- Hubei Shizhen Laboratory, Wuhan 430065, PR China; School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, PR China
| | - Yuan Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, PR China
| | - Li Ding
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, PR China; Engineering Research Center of TCM Protection Technology and New Product Development for the Elderly Brain Health, Ministry of Education, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, PR China; Hubei Shizhen Laboratory, Wuhan 430065, PR China
| | - Qing Lv
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, PR China
| | - Zixuan Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, PR China
| | - Jiaqi Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, PR China
| | - Jianmei Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, PR China
| | - Ping Wang
- Engineering Research Center of TCM Protection Technology and New Product Development for the Elderly Brain Health, Ministry of Education, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, PR China; Hubei Shizhen Laboratory, Wuhan 430065, PR China.
| | - Shunbo Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, PR China.
| | - Qiuyun You
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, PR China; Engineering Research Center of TCM Protection Technology and New Product Development for the Elderly Brain Health, Ministry of Education, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, PR China; Hubei Shizhen Laboratory, Wuhan 430065, PR China.
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Wang YL, Liu C, Yang YY, Zhang L, Guo X, Niu C, Zhang NP, Ding J, Wu J. Dynamic changes of gut microbiota in mouse models of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis and its transition to hepatocellular carcinoma. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23766. [PMID: 38967214 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202400573rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Dysbiosis of gut microbiota may account for pathobiology in simple fatty liver (SFL), metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), fibrotic progression, and transformation to MASH-associated hepatocellular carcinoma (MASH-HCC). The aim of the present study is to investigate gut dysbiosis in this progression. Fecal microbial rRNA-16S sequencing, absolute quantification, histopathologic, and biochemical tests were performed in mice fed high fat/calorie diet plus high fructose and glucose in drinking water (HFCD-HF/G) or control diet (CD) for 2, 16 weeks, or 14 months. Histopathologic examination verified an early stage of SFL, MASH, fibrotic, or MASH-HCC progression with disturbance of lipid metabolism, liver injury, and impaired gut mucosal barrier as indicated by loss of occludin in ileum mucosa. Gut dysbiosis occurred as early as 2 weeks with reduced α diversity, expansion of Kineothrix, Lactococcus, Akkermansia; and shrinkage in Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, etc., at a genus level. Dysbiosis was found as early as MAHS initiation, and was much more profound through the MASH-fibrotic and oncogenic progression. Moreover, the expansion of specific species, such as Lactobacillus johnsonii and Kineothrix alysoides, was confirmed by an optimized method for absolute quantification. Dynamic alterations of gut microbiota were characterized in three stages of early SFL, MASH, and its HCC transformation. The findings suggest that the extent of dysbiosis was accompanied with MASH progression and its transformation to HCC, and the shrinking or emerging of specific microbial species may account at least in part for pathologic, metabolic, and immunologic alterations in fibrogenic progression and malignant transition in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Li Wang
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, MOE/NHC/CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, MOE/NHC/CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong-Yu Yang
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, MOE/NHC/CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, MOE/NHC/CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Guo
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, MOE/NHC/CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Niu
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, MOE/NHC/CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning-Ping Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Liver Diseases, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Jing'an District Central Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, MOE/NHC/CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Liver Diseases, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
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3
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Mikkelsen ACD, Kjærgaard K, Mookerjee RP, Vilstrup H, Wegener G, Bay-Richter C, Thomsen KL. Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Also a Disease of the Brain? A Systematic Review of the Preclinical Evidence. Neurochem Res 2024; 49:1468-1488. [PMID: 35230646 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03551-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) currently affects 25% of the global adult population. Cognitive impairment is a recently recognised comorbidity impeding memory, attention, and concentration, affecting the patients' activities of daily living and reducing their quality of life. This systematic review provides an overview of the evidence for, and potential pathophysiological mechanisms behind brain dysfunction at a neurobiological level, in preclinical NAFLD. We performed a systematic literature search for animal models of NAFLD studying intracerebral conditions using PubMed, Embase and Scopus. We included studies that reported data on neurobiology in rodent and pig models with evidence of steatosis or steatohepatitis assessed by liver histology. 534 unique studies were identified, and 30 studies met the selection criteria, and were included. Findings of neurobiological changes were divided into five key areas: (1) neuroinflammation, (2) neurodegeneration, (3) neurotransmitter alterations, (4) oxidative stress, and (5) changes in proteins and synaptic density. Despite significant heterogeneity in the study designs, all but one study of preclinical NAFLD reported changes in one or more of the above key areas when compared to control animals. In conclusion, this systematic review supports an association between all stages of NAFLD (from simple steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)) and neurobiological changes in preclinical models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kristoffer Kjærgaard
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Rajeshwar Prosad Mookerjee
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark
- UCL Institute of Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Hendrik Vilstrup
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Gregers Wegener
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Cecilie Bay-Richter
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Karen Louise Thomsen
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark
- UCL Institute of Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, London, UK
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4
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Yang CW, Liu HM, Chang ZY, Liu GH, Chang HH, Huang PY, Lee TY. Puerarin Modulates Hepatic Farnesoid X Receptor and Gut Microbiota in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5274. [PMID: 38791314 PMCID: PMC11121391 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with alterations in lipid metabolism and gut microbiota dysbiosis. This study investigated the effects of puerarin, a bioactive isoflavone, on lipid metabolism disorders and gut microbiota in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice. Supplementation with puerarin reduced plasma alanine aminotransferase, liver triglyceride, liver free fatty acid (FFA), and improved gut microbiota dysbiosis in obese mice. Puerarin's beneficial metabolic effects were attenuated when farnesoid X receptor (FXR) was antagonized, suggesting FXR-mediated mechanisms. In hepatocytes, puerarin ameliorated high FFA-induced sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP) 1 signaling, inflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction in an FXR-dependent manner. In obese mice, puerarin reduced liver damage, regulated hepatic lipogenesis, decreased inflammation, improved mitochondrial function, and modulated mitophagy and ubiquitin-proteasome pathways, but was less effective in FXR knockout mice. Puerarin upregulated hepatic expression of FXR, bile salt export pump (BSEP), and downregulated cytochrome P450 7A1 (CYP7A1) and sodium taurocholate transporter (NTCP), indicating modulation of bile acid synthesis and transport. Puerarin also restored gut microbial diversity, the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio, and the abundance of Clostridium celatum and Akkermansia muciniphila. This study demonstrates that puerarin effectively ameliorates metabolic disturbances and gut microbiota dysbiosis in obese mice, predominantly through FXR-dependent pathways. These findings underscore puerarin's potential as a therapeutic agent for managing obesity and enhancing gut health, highlighting its dual role in improving metabolic functions and modulating microbial communities.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Isoflavones/pharmacology
- Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects
- Diet, High-Fat/adverse effects
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/metabolism
- Mice
- Obesity/metabolism
- Obesity/drug therapy
- Liver/metabolism
- Liver/drug effects
- Male
- Dysbiosis
- Mice, Obese
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 11/metabolism
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 11/genetics
- Cholesterol 7-alpha-Hydroxylase/metabolism
- Cholesterol 7-alpha-Hydroxylase/genetics
- Mice, Knockout
- Organic Anion Transporters, Sodium-Dependent/metabolism
- Organic Anion Transporters, Sodium-Dependent/genetics
- Symporters/metabolism
- Symporters/genetics
- Lipid Metabolism/drug effects
- Hepatocytes/metabolism
- Hepatocytes/drug effects
- Akkermansia
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Wei Yang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan;
- Division of Internal and Pediatric Chinese Medicine, Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou 333423, Taiwan
| | - Hsuan-Miao Liu
- Graduate Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan;
| | - Zi-Yu Chang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung 20401, Taiwan;
| | - Geng-Hao Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333323, Taiwan;
- Division of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333423, Taiwan
- Sleep Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333008, Taiwan
| | - Hen-Hong Chang
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan;
| | - Po-Yu Huang
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Linsen Chinese Medicine and Kunming Branch, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei 10844, Taiwan
| | - Tzung-Yan Lee
- Graduate Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan;
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333323, Taiwan;
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5
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Kjærgaard K, Daugaard Mikkelsen AC, Landau AM, Eriksen PL, Hamilton-Dutoit S, Magnusson NE, Thomsen MB, Chen F, Vilstrup H, Mookerjee RP, Bay-Richter C, Thomsen KL. Cognitive dysfunction in early experimental metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease is associated with systemic inflammation and neuroinflammation. JHEP Rep 2024; 6:100992. [PMID: 38415019 PMCID: PMC10897893 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2023.100992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Background & Aims Cognitive dysfunction is an increasingly recognised manifestation of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), but the mechanistic link remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the hypothesis that experimental MASLD leads to cognitive dysfunction via systemic inflammation and neuroinflammation. Methods Twenty male Sprague Dawley rats were randomised to a high-fat high-cholesterol (HFHC) diet to induce MASLD, or a standard diet (n = 10/group), for 16 weeks. Assessments included: MASLD severity (histology), neurobehaviour, inflammation (liver, plasma and cerebrospinal fluid), brain microglia and astrocyte activation, and synaptic density. Results The HFHC diet induced MASLD with extensive steatosis and lobular inflammation without fibrosis. Several plasma cytokines were elevated (CXCL1, IL-6, IL-17, MIP-1α, MCP-1, IL-10; all p <0.05) and correlated with increases in hepatic chemokine gene expression. Cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of CXCL1 were elevated (p = 0.04). In the prefrontal brain cortex, we observed a 19% increase in microglial activation confirmed by Iba1 immunohistochemistry (p = 0.03) and 3H-PK11195 autoradiography (p <0.01). In parallel, synaptic density was reduced to 92%, assessed by 3H-UCB-J autoradiography (p <0.01). MASLD animals exhibited impaired memory to previously encountered objects in the novel object recognition test (p = 0.047) and showed depression-like behaviour evidenced by increased immobility time (p <0.01) and reduced swimming time (p = 0.03) in the forced swim test. Conclusions Experimental non-fibrotic MASLD, as a model to reflect the early stage of human disease, results in cognitive impairment and depression-like behaviour. This is associated with an inflammatory phenotype not only in the liver but also in the plasma and brain, which together with diminished synaptic density, provides a pathophysiological link between liver disease and cognitive dysfunction in MASLD. Impact and implications Cognitive dysfunction is an increasingly recognised comorbidity in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), yet the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study provides evidence of impaired memory and depression-like symptoms in early experimental MASLD and indicates that hepatic inflammation may drive a systemic inflammatory response, resulting in neuroinflammation and reduced brain synaptic density. The evidence of impaired memory in MASLD and establishing its underlying pathophysiological link provides insights that could guide the development of potential new treatments for this increasingly common condition in people of working age. The study also emphasises the need to develop better tools for clinical cognitive testing, which will enable physicians to assess and manage brain dysfunction early in MASLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristoffer Kjærgaard
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Horsens Regional Hospital, Denmark
| | | | - Anne M. Landau
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Peter Lykke Eriksen
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | | | - Nils Erik Magnusson
- Medical Research Laboratory, Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Majken Borup Thomsen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Fenghua Chen
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Hendrik Vilstrup
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Rajeshwar Prosad Mookerjee
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Cecilie Bay-Richter
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Karen Louise Thomsen
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, United Kingdom
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6
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Briggs K, Tomar V, Ollberding N, Haberman Y, Bourgonje AR, Hu S, Chaaban L, Sunuwar L, Weersma RK, Denson LA, Melia JMP. Crohn's Disease-Associated Pathogenic Mutation in the Manganese Transporter ZIP8 Shifts the Ileal and Rectal Mucosal Microbiota Implicating Aberrant Bile Acid Metabolism. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2024:izae003. [PMID: 38289995 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izae003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A pathogenic mutation in the manganese transporter ZIP8 (A391T; rs13107325) increases the risk of Crohn's disease. ZIP8 regulates manganese homeostasis and given the shared need for metals between the host and resident microbes, there has been significant interest in alterations of the microbiome in carriers of ZIP8 A391T. Prior studies have not examined the ileal microbiome despite associations between ileal disease and ZIP8 A391T. METHODS Here, we used the Pediatric Risk Stratification Study (RISK) cohort to perform a secondary analysis of 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing data obtained from ileal and rectal mucosa to study associations between ZIP8 A391T carrier status and microbiota composition. RESULTS We found sequence variants mapping to Veillonella were decreased in the ileal mucosa of ZIP8 A391T carriers. Prior human studies have demonstrated the sensitivity of Veillonella to bile acid abundance. We therefore hypothesized that bile acid homeostasis is differentially regulated in carriers of ZIP8 A391T. Using a mouse model of ZIP8 A391T, we demonstrate an increase in total bile acids in the liver and stool and decreased fibroblast growth factor 15 (Fgf15) signaling, consistent with our hypothesis. We confirmed dysregulation of FGF19 in the 1000IBD cohort, finding that plasma FGF19 levels are lower in ZIP8 A391T carriers with ileocolonic Crohn's disease. CONCLUSIONS In the search for genotype-specific therapeutic paradigms for patients with Crohn's disease, these data suggest targeting the FGF19 pathway in ZIP8 A391T carriers. Aberrant bile acid metabolism may precede development of Crohn's disease and prioritize study of the interactions between manganese homeostasis, bile acid metabolism and signaling, and complicated ileal Crohn's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristi Briggs
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Vartika Tomar
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nicholas Ollberding
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Yael Haberman
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, affiliated with Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Arno R Bourgonje
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shixian Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Institute of Precision Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lara Chaaban
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Laxmi Sunuwar
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rinse K Weersma
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Lee A Denson
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Joanna M P Melia
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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7
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Jia X, Chen Q, Zhang Y, Asakawa T. Multidirectional associations between the gut microbiota and Parkinson's disease, updated information from the perspectives of humoral pathway, cellular immune pathway and neuronal pathway. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1296713. [PMID: 38173790 PMCID: PMC10762314 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1296713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The human gastrointestinal tract is inhabited by a diverse range of microorganisms, collectively known as the gut microbiota, which form a vast and complex ecosystem. It has been reported that the microbiota-gut-brain axis plays a crucial role in regulating host neuroprotective function. Studies have shown that patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) have dysbiosis of the gut microbiota, and experiments involving germ-free mice and fecal microbiota transplantation from PD patients have revealed the pathogenic role of the gut microbiota in PD. Interventions targeting the gut microbiota in PD, including the use of prebiotics, probiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation, have also shown efficacy in treating PD. However, the causal relationship between the gut microbiota and Parkinson's disease remains intricate. This study reviewed the association between the microbiota-gut-brain axis and PD from the perspectives of humoral pathway, cellular immune pathway and neuronal pathway. We found that the interactions among gut microbiota and PD are very complex, which should be "multidirectional", rather than conventionally regarded "bidirectional". To realize application of the gut microbiota-related mechanisms in the clinical setting, we propose several problems which should be addressed in the future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaokang Jia
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Qiliang Chen
- School of Basic Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tetsuya Asakawa
- Institute of Neurology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, the Third People’s Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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8
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Cao B, Zeng MN, Hao FX, Hao ZY, Zhang ZK, Liang XW, Wu YY, Zhang YH, Feng WS, Zheng XK. P-coumaric acid ameliorates Aβ 25-35-induced brain damage in mice by modulating gut microbiota and serum metabolites. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 168:115825. [PMID: 37924791 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease for which there is a lack of effective therapeutic drugs. There is great potential for natural products to be used in the development of anti-AD drugs. P-coumaric acid (PCA), a small molecule phenolic acid widely distributed in the plant kingdom, has pharmacological effects such as neuroprotection, but its anti-AD mechanism has not been fully elucidated. In the current study, we investigated the mechanism of PCA intervention in the Aβ25-35-induced AD model using gut microbiomics and serum metabolomics combined with in vitro and in vivo pharmacological experiments. PCA was found to ameliorate cognitive dysfunction and neuronal cell damage in Aβ25-35-injected mice as measured by behavioral, pathological and biochemical indicators. 16S rDNA sequencing and serum metabolomics showed that PCA reduced the abundance of pro-inflammatory-associated microbiota (morganella, holdemanella, fusicatenibacter and serratia) in the gut, which were closely associated with metabolites of the glucose metabolism, arachidonic acid metabolism, tyrosine metabolism and phospholipid metabolism pathways in serum. Next, in vivo and in vitro pharmacological investigations revealed that PCA regulated Aβ25-35-induced disruption of glucose metabolism through activation of PI3K/AKT/Glut1 signaling. Additionally, PCA ameliorated Aβ25-35-induced neuroinflammation by inhibiting nuclear translocation of NF-κB and by modulating upstream MAPK signaling. In conclusion, PCA ameliorated cognitive deficits in Aβ25-35-induced AD mice by regulating glucose metabolism and neuroinflammation, and the mechanism is related not only to restoring homeostasis of gut microbiota and serum metabolites, but also to PI3K/AKT/Glut1 and MAPK/NF-κB signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Cao
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China; The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Meng-Nan Zeng
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China; The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Feng-Xiao Hao
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China; The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhi-You Hao
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China; The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhen-Kai Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China; The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xi-Wen Liang
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China; The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China; The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yu-Han Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China; The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wei-Sheng Feng
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China; The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China; Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases by Henan & Education Ministry of PR China, China.
| | - Xiao-Ke Zheng
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China; The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China; Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases by Henan & Education Ministry of PR China, China.
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9
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Gilbert MC, Setayesh T, Wan YJY. The contributions of bacteria metabolites to the development of hepatic encephalopathy. LIVER RESEARCH 2023; 7:296-303. [PMID: 38221945 PMCID: PMC10786625 DOI: 10.1016/j.livres.2022.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Over 20% of mortality during acute liver failure is associated with the development of hepatic encephalopathy (HE). Thus, HE is a complication of acute liver failure with a broad spectrum of neuropsychiatric abnormalities ranging from subclinical alterations to coma. HE is caused by the diversion of portal blood into systemic circulation through portosystemic collateral vessels. Thus, the brain is exposed to intestinal-derived toxic substances. Moreover, the strategies to prevent advancement and improve the prognosis of such a liver-brain disease rely on intestinal microbial modulation. This is supported by the findings that antibiotics such as rifaximin and laxative lactulose can alleviate hepatic cirrhosis and/or prevent HE. Together, the significance of the gut-liver-brain axis in human health warrants attention. This review paper focuses on the roles of bacteria metabolites, mainly ammonia and bile acids (BAs) as well as BA receptors in HE. The literature search conducted for this review included searches for phrases such as BA receptors, BAs, ammonia, farnesoid X receptor (FXR), G protein-coupled bile acid receptor 1 (GPBAR1 or TGR5), sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2 (S1PR2), and cirrhosis in conjunction with the phrase hepatic encephalopathy and portosystemic encephalopathy. PubMed, as well as Google Scholar, was the search engines used to find relevant publications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda Claire Gilbert
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Tahereh Setayesh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Yu-Jui Yvonne Wan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
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10
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Ding C, Wang Z, Dou X, Yang Q, Ning Y, Kao S, Sang X, Hao M, Wang K, Peng M, Zhang S, Han X, Cao G. Farnesoid X receptor: From Structure to Function and Its Pharmacology in Liver Fibrosis. Aging Dis 2023:AD.2023.0830. [PMID: 37815898 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.0830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The farnesoid X receptor (FXR), a ligand-activated transcription factor, plays a crucial role in regulating bile acid metabolism within the enterohepatic circulation. Beyond its involvement in metabolic disorders and immune imbalances affecting various tissues, FXR is implicated in microbiota modulation, gut- to-brain communication, and liver disease. The liver, as a pivotal metabolic and detoxification organ, is susceptible to damage from factors such as alcohol, viruses, drugs, and high-fat diets. Chronic or recurrent liver injury can culminate in liver fibrosis, which, if left untreated, may progress to cirrhosis and even liver cancer, posing significant health risks. However, therapeutic options for liver fibrosis remain limited in terms of FDA- approved drugs. Recent insights into the structure of FXR, coupled with animal and clinical investigations, have shed light on its potential pharmacological role in hepatic fibrosis. Progress has been achieved in both fundamental research and clinical applications. This review critically examines recent advancements in FXR research, highlighting challenges and potential mechanisms underlying its role in liver fibrosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Ding
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- Jinhua Institute, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Jinhua, China
| | - Zeping Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinyue Dou
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiao Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Ning
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shi Kao
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xianan Sang
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Min Hao
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kuilong Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengyun Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuosheng Zhang
- College of Chinese Materia Medica and Food Engineering, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
| | - Xin Han
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- Jinhua Institute, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Jinhua, China
| | - Gang Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- Jinhua Institute, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Jinhua, China
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11
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Dong W, Huang Y, Shu Y, Fan X, Tian X, Yan Y, Mi J, Lu L, Zeng X, Cao Y. Water extract of goji berries improves neuroinflammation induced by a high-fat and high-fructose diet based on the bile acid-mediated gut-brain axis pathway. Food Funct 2023; 14:8631-8645. [PMID: 37670564 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo02651e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
The high-fat and high-fructose diet (HFFD) is a common diet in westernized societies, which worsens disturbances in gut microbiota and bile acid (BA) metabolism. Herein, the present study aimed to investigate the effects of the water extract of Lycium barbarum fruits (LBE) on gut microbiota and BA metabolism in mice with HFFD-induced neuroinflammation. The results showed that supplementation of LBE for 14 weeks remarkably ameliorated weight gain and insulin resistance and suppressed microglial activation and neural neuroinflammation induced by HFFD. The results of Morris water maze and Y-maze tests demonstrated that LBE attenuated HFFD-induced cognitive impairment. Moreover, LBE elevated hepatic BA biosynthesis and excretion of BAs and increased elimination of BAs via the feces. Notably, LBE supplementation resulted in the enrichment of tauroursodeoxycholic acid in the cortex and hippocampus. Furthermore, the 16S rDNA sequencing results showed that LBE could modulate the structure of gut microbiota, and in the meantime decrease the relative abundance of Clostridium_XlVa, which is associated with BA homeostasis. Additionally, LBE exerted neuroprotective effects involving the increment of Lactococcus, known as a potentially beneficial bacterium. These results demonstrated that LBE could ameliorate neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment in HFFD-induced mice through the gut-liver-brain axis, which might be due to the regulation of BA homeostasis and gut microbiota in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Dong
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yujie Huang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yifan Shu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xia Fan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xinyi Tian
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yamei Yan
- Institute of Wolfberry Engineering Technology, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, 750002, Ningxia, China.
- National Wolfberry Engineering Research Center, Yinchuan 750002, Ningxia, China
| | - Jia Mi
- Institute of Wolfberry Engineering Technology, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, 750002, Ningxia, China.
- National Wolfberry Engineering Research Center, Yinchuan 750002, Ningxia, China
| | - Lu Lu
- Institute of Wolfberry Engineering Technology, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, 750002, Ningxia, China.
- National Wolfberry Engineering Research Center, Yinchuan 750002, Ningxia, China
| | - Xiaoxiong Zeng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Youlong Cao
- Institute of Wolfberry Engineering Technology, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, 750002, Ningxia, China.
- National Wolfberry Engineering Research Center, Yinchuan 750002, Ningxia, China
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12
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Yang G, Liu R, Rezaei S, Liu X, Wan YJY. Uncovering the Gut-Liver Axis Biomarkers for Predicting Metabolic Burden in Mice. Nutrients 2023; 15:3406. [PMID: 37571345 PMCID: PMC10421148 DOI: 10.3390/nu15153406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Western diet (WD) intake, aging, and inactivation of farnesoid X receptor (FXR) are risk factors for metabolic and chronic inflammation-related health issues ranging from metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) to dementia. The progression of MASLD can be escalated when those risks are combined. Inactivation of FXR, the receptor for bile acid (BA), is cancer prone in both humans and mice. The current study used multi-omics including hepatic transcripts, liver, serum, and urine metabolites, hepatic BAs, as well as gut microbiota from mouse models to classify those risks using machine learning. A linear support vector machine with K-fold cross-validation was used for classification and feature selection. We have identified that increased urine sucrose alone achieved 91% accuracy in predicting WD intake. Hepatic lithocholic acid and serum pyruvate had 100% and 95% accuracy, respectively, to classify age. Urine metabolites (decreased creatinine and taurine as well as increased succinate) or increased gut bacteria (Dorea, Dehalobacterium, and Oscillospira) could predict FXR deactivation with greater than 90% accuracy. Human disease relevance is partly revealed using the metabolite-disease interaction network. Transcriptomics data were also compared with the human liver disease datasets. WD-reduced hepatic Cyp39a1 (cytochrome P450 family 39 subfamily a member 1) and increased Gramd1b (GRAM domain containing 1B) were also changed in human liver cancer and metabolic liver disease, respectively. Together, our data contribute to the identification of noninvasive biomarkers within the gut-liver axis to predict metabolic status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiyan Yang
- Department of Medical Pathology, Laboratory Medicine in Sacramento, University of California, Davis, CA 95817, USA;
| | - Rex Liu
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (R.L.); (S.R.); (X.L.)
| | - Shahbaz Rezaei
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (R.L.); (S.R.); (X.L.)
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (R.L.); (S.R.); (X.L.)
| | - Yu-Jui Yvonne Wan
- Department of Medical Pathology, Laboratory Medicine in Sacramento, University of California, Davis, CA 95817, USA;
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13
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Muñoz Herrera OM, Hong BV, Ruiz Mendiola U, Maezawa I, Jin LW, Lebrilla CB, Harvey DJ, Zivkovic AM. Cholesterol, Amyloid Beta, Fructose, and LPS Influence ROS and ATP Concentrations and the Phagocytic Capacity of HMC3 Human Microglia Cell Line. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10396. [PMID: 37373543 PMCID: PMC10299308 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Research has found that genes specific to microglia are among the strongest risk factors for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and that microglia are critically involved in the etiology of AD. Thus, microglia are an important therapeutic target for novel approaches to the treatment of AD. High-throughput in vitro models to screen molecules for their effectiveness in reversing the pathogenic, pro-inflammatory microglia phenotype are needed. In this study, we used a multi-stimulant approach to test the usefulness of the human microglia cell 3 (HMC3) cell line, immortalized from a human fetal brain-derived primary microglia culture, in duplicating critical aspects of the dysfunctional microglia phenotype. HMC3 microglia were treated with cholesterol (Chol), amyloid beta oligomers (AβO), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and fructose individually and in combination. HMC3 microglia demonstrated changes in morphology consistent with activation when treated with the combination of Chol + AβO + fructose + LPS. Multiple treatments increased the cellular content of Chol and cholesteryl esters (CE), but only the combination treatment of Chol + AβO + fructose + LPS increased mitochondrial Chol content. Microglia treated with combinations containing Chol + AβO had lower apolipoprotein E (ApoE) secretion, with the combination of Chol + AβO + fructose + LPS having the strongest effect. Combination treatment with Chol + AβO + fructose + LPS also induced APOE and TNF-α expression, reduced ATP production, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) concentration, and reduced phagocytosis events. These findings suggest that HMC3 microglia treated with the combination of Chol + AβO + fructose + LPS may be a useful high-throughput screening model amenable to testing on 96-well plates to test potential therapeutics to improve microglial function in the context of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar M. Muñoz Herrera
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (O.M.M.H.); (B.V.H.)
| | - Brian V. Hong
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (O.M.M.H.); (B.V.H.)
| | - Ulises Ruiz Mendiola
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; (U.R.M.); (I.M.); (L.-W.J.)
| | - Izumi Maezawa
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; (U.R.M.); (I.M.); (L.-W.J.)
| | - Lee-Way Jin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; (U.R.M.); (I.M.); (L.-W.J.)
| | | | - Danielle J. Harvey
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA;
| | - Angela M. Zivkovic
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (O.M.M.H.); (B.V.H.)
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14
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Putri SSF, Irfannuddin I, Murti K, Kesuma Y, Darmawan H, Koibuchi N. The role of gut microbiota on cognitive development in rodents: a meta-analysis. J Physiol Sci 2023; 73:10. [PMID: 37193943 DOI: 10.1186/s12576-023-00869-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive function includes learning, remembering and using acquired information. Emerging studies indicate the correlation between microbiota and cognitive function. Higher abundance of a specific gut microbiota, such as Bacteroidetes may improve cognitive abilities. However, another study reported different result. These results suggest that further systematic analysis is required to determine the effect of the gut microbiota abundance on cognitive development. The aim of this study is to summarize the abundance of the specific gut microbiota and cognitive development using meta-analysis. PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Clinical-Key were used as data bases to perform the literature search. Phylum Bacteroidetes, and family Lactobacillaceae were more abundant in cognitive-behavioral enhancement (CBE), whereas Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and family Ruminococcaceae were less abundant in CBE. Differences in gut microbiota abundance are influenced by differences in stage of cognitive dysfunction, intervention, and strain of gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Krisna Murti
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sriwijaya, Palembang, 30126, Indonesia
| | - Yudianita Kesuma
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sriwijaya, Palembang, 30126, Indonesia
| | - Hardi Darmawan
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sriwijaya, Palembang, 30126, Indonesia
| | - Noriyuki Koibuchi
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
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15
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Wang X, Weng Y, Geng S, Wang C, Jin C, Shi L, Jin Y. Maternal procymidone exposure has lasting effects on murine gut-liver axis and glucolipid metabolism in offspring. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 174:113657. [PMID: 36764477 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.113657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that maternal exposure to environmental pollutants can cause intestinal and metabolic diseases, and these disease risks still exist in offspring. Here, female C57BL/6 mice were orally treated with procymidone (PRO) (10 and 100 mg/kg body weight/day) by dietary supplementation during the gestation and lactation periods. Then, we discovered PRO changed the physiology, intestinal barrier and metabolism both in the generations of F0 and different developmental stages of F1 (7 weeks and 30 weeks old, respectively). Maternal PRO exposure affected the growth phenotypes and the glucolipid metabolism related indicators and genes of mice, especially the male mice of F1 generations. The changes in bile acids (BAs) metabolism demonstrated that PRO disordered glucolipid metabolism through enterohepatic circulation. Furthermore, PRO reduced mucus secretion in the gut and altered the composition of gut microbiota, leading more bacteria to disseminate in the gut and inflammatory responses both in F0 and F1 regenerations. And PRO-induced gut microbiota dysbiosis was tightly related to BAs metabolites. Together, the results indicated that PRO destructed the functional integrity of intestinal barrier and the inflammatory reaction was triggered. And then, the disorder of glucolipid metabolism was induced through the BAs enterohepatic circulation. This study indicated that the cross-generation effects of PRO could not be ignored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Wang
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - You Weng
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Shinan Geng
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, 310015, China
| | - Caiyun Wang
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Cuiyuan Jin
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China; Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, 310015, China.
| | - Liyun Shi
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, 310015, China.
| | - Yuanxiang Jin
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
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16
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Yang G, Jena PK, Hu Y, Sheng L, Chen SY, Slupsky CM, Davis R, Tepper CG, Wan YJY. The essential roles of FXR in diet and age influenced metabolic changes and liver disease development: a multi-omics study. Biomark Res 2023; 11:20. [PMID: 36803569 PMCID: PMC9938992 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-023-00458-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aging and diet are risks for metabolic diseases. Bile acid receptor farnesoid X receptor (FXR) knockout (KO) mice develop metabolic liver diseases that progress into cancer as they age, which is accelerated by Western diet (WD) intake. The current study uncovers the molecular signatures for diet and age-linked metabolic liver disease development in an FXR-dependent manner. METHODS Wild-type (WT) and FXR KO male mice, either on a healthy control diet (CD) or a WD, were euthanized at the ages of 5, 10, or 15 months. Hepatic transcriptomics, liver, serum, and urine metabolomics as well as microbiota were profiled. RESULTS WD intake facilitated hepatic aging in WT mice. In an FXR-dependent manner, increased inflammation and reduced oxidative phosphorylation were the primary pathways affected by WD and aging. FXR has a role in modulating inflammation and B cell-mediated humoral immunity which was enhanced by aging. Moreover, FXR dictated neuron differentiation, muscle contraction, and cytoskeleton organization in addition to metabolism. There were 654 transcripts commonly altered by diets, ages, and FXR KO, and 76 of them were differentially expressed in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and healthy livers. Urine metabolites differentiated dietary effects in both genotypes, and serum metabolites clearly separated ages irrespective of diets. Aging and FXR KO commonly affected amino acid metabolism and TCA cycle. Moreover, FXR is essential for colonization of age-related gut microbes. Integrated analyses uncovered metabolites and bacteria linked with hepatic transcripts affected by WD intake, aging, and FXR KO as well as related to HCC patient survival. CONCLUSION FXR is a target to prevent diet or age-associated metabolic disease. The uncovered metabolites and microbes can be diagnostic markers for metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiyan Yang
- grid.27860.3b0000 0004 1936 9684Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis Health. Room 3400B, Research Building III, 4645 2nd Ave, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA
| | - Prasant K. Jena
- grid.27860.3b0000 0004 1936 9684Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis Health. Room 3400B, Research Building III, 4645 2nd Ave, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA
| | - Ying Hu
- grid.27860.3b0000 0004 1936 9684Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis Health. Room 3400B, Research Building III, 4645 2nd Ave, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA
| | - Lili Sheng
- grid.27860.3b0000 0004 1936 9684Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis Health. Room 3400B, Research Building III, 4645 2nd Ave, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA
| | - Shin-Yu Chen
- grid.27860.3b0000 0004 1936 9684Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA USA
| | - Carolyn M. Slupsky
- grid.27860.3b0000 0004 1936 9684Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA USA
| | - Ryan Davis
- grid.27860.3b0000 0004 1936 9684Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis Health. Room 3400B, Research Building III, 4645 2nd Ave, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA
| | - Clifford G. Tepper
- grid.27860.3b0000 0004 1936 9684Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA USA
| | - Yu-Jui Yvonne Wan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis Health. Room 3400B, Research Building III, 4645 2nd Ave, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA.
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17
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Liu J, Lin H, Cao M, Lin T, Lin A, Xu W, Wang H, He J, Li Y, Tang H, Zhang B. Shifts and importance of viable bacteria in treatment of DSS-induced ulcerative colitis mice with FMT. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1124256. [PMID: 36814445 PMCID: PMC9939747 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1124256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Ulcerative colitis (UC) has become a global public health concern, and is in urgent need of novel therapies. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) targeting gut microbiota has recently been applied to the treatment of UC. Despite its recent successes, it is still largely unknown how FMT functionally modulates the gut microbiota and improves the disease. Methods We prospectively collected fecal samples from the 40 mice (30 mice for dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced, 10 for controls), followed by Propidium monoazide treatment for 16S rRNA gene sequencing. These 30 mice were divided equally into 3 groups, which were transplanted with original donor microbiota (DO), inactivated donor microbiota (DI) and saline, respectively. Subsequently, we used 16S rRNA gene sequencing to analyze the viable gut bacteria of ulcerative colitis (UC) mice and histological analysis to evaluate the effects of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) with viable microbiota. Results We demonstrated that the community structure of viable bacteria was significantly different from fecal bacteria based on total DNA. Furthermore, the intestinal viable microbiota and colonic mucosal structure of mice were significantly changed by DSS induction. The histological analysis showed that only the mice treated with original donor microbiota group (HF) achieved a significant improvement. Compared with inactivated donor microbiota group (IF) and saline (NF), Lactobacillus and Halomonas were significantly enriched in the HF group. Conclusion We inferred that only live bacteria from human donor reversed the histopathology and symptoms of UC in mice and altered the gut microbiota. The activity of gut microbiota in donor samples should be considered in FMT and that detailed analysis of viable microbiota is essential to understand the mechanisms by which FMT produces therapeutic effects in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinglong Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Hao Lin
- Center for Microecological Medical Technology, Xiamen Institute of Union Respiratory Health, Xiamen, China
| | - Man Cao
- Center for Research and Development, Xiamen Treatgut Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Xiamen, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Tan Lin
- Center for Microecological Medical Technology, Xiamen Institute of Union Respiratory Health, Xiamen, China
| | - Aiqiang Lin
- Center for Research and Development, Xiamen Treatgut Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Xiamen, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Center for Microecological Medical Technology, Xiamen Institute of Union Respiratory Health, Xiamen, China
- Center for Research and Development, Xiamen Treatgut Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Xiamen, China
| | - Han Wang
- Center for Research and Development, Xiamen Treatgut Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Xiamen, China
| | - Jianquan He
- Center for Research and Development, Xiamen Treatgut Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Xiamen, China
| | - Yuantao Li
- Center for Research and Development, Xiamen Treatgut Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Xiamen, China
- *Correspondence: Yuantao Li, ; Hailing Tang, ; Bangzhou Zhang,
| | - Hailing Tang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Xi’an Central Hospital, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Yuantao Li, ; Hailing Tang, ; Bangzhou Zhang,
| | - Bangzhou Zhang
- Center for Research and Development, Xiamen Treatgut Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Xiamen, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yuantao Li, ; Hailing Tang, ; Bangzhou Zhang,
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18
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Lv WJ, Huang JY, Lin J, Ma YM, He SQ, Zhang YW, Wang TZ, Cheng K, Xiong Y, Sun FG, Pan ZC, Sun JB, Mao W, Guo SN. Phytosterols Alleviate Hyperlipidemia by Regulating Gut Microbiota and Cholesterol Metabolism in Mice. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2023; 2023:6409385. [PMID: 37151603 PMCID: PMC10156461 DOI: 10.1155/2023/6409385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Phytosterols (PS) have been shown to regulate cholesterol metabolism and alleviate hyperlipidemia (HLP), but the mechanism is still unclear. In this study, we investigated the mechanism by which PS regulates cholesterol metabolism in high-fat diet (HFD) mice. The results showed that PS treatment reduced the accumulation of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in the serum of HFD mice, while increasing the serum levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Compared with HFD mice, PS not only increased the antioxidant activity of the liver but also regulated the mRNA expression levels of enzymes and receptors related to cholesterol metabolism. The hypolipidemic effect of PS was abolished by antibiotic (Abx) intervention and reproduced by fecal transplantation (FMT) intervention. The results of 16S rRNA sequencing analysis showed that PS modulated the gut microbiota of mice. PS reduced the relative abundance of Lactobacillus and other bile salt hydrolase- (BSH-) producing gut microbiota in HFD mice, which are potentially related to cholesterol metabolism. These findings partially explain the mechanisms by which PS regulates cholesterol metabolism. This implies that regulation of the gut microbiota would be a potential target for the treatment of HLP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Jie Lv
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie-Yi Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin Lin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Mu Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shi-Qi He
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying-Wen Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tian-Ze Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ke Cheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Xiong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Feng-Gang Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhong-Chao Pan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing-Bo Sun
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Mao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shi-Ning Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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19
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Wang S, Li XY, Ji HF, Shen L. Modulation of gut microbiota by glycyrrhizic acid may contribute to its anti-NAFLD effect in rats fed a high-fat diet. Life Sci 2022; 310:121110. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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20
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Fiaschini N, Mancuso M, Tanori M, Colantoni E, Vitali R, Diretto G, Lorenzo Rebenaque L, Stronati L, Negroni A. Liver Steatosis and Steatohepatitis Alter Bile Acid Receptors in Brain and Induce Neuroinflammation: A Contribution of Circulating Bile Acids and Blood-Brain Barrier. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214254. [PMID: 36430732 PMCID: PMC9697805 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A tight relationship between gut-liver diseases and brain functions has recently emerged. Bile acid (BA) receptors, bacterial-derived molecules and the blood-brain barrier (BBB) play key roles in this association. This study was aimed to evaluate how non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) impact the BA receptors Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and Takeda G-protein coupled receptor 5 (TGR5) expression in the brain and to correlate these effects with circulating BAs composition, BBB integrity and neuroinflammation. A mouse model of NAFLD was set up by a high-fat and sugar diet, and NASH was induced with the supplementation of dextran-sulfate-sodium (DSS) in drinking water. FXR, TGR5 and ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba-1) expression in the brain was detected by immunohistochemistry, while Zonula occludens (ZO)-1, Occludin and Plasmalemmal Vesicle Associated Protein-1 (PV-1) were analyzed by immunofluorescence. Biochemical analyses investigated serum BA composition, lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP) and S100β protein (S100β) levels. Results showed a down-regulation of FXR in NASH and an up-regulation of TGR5 and Iba-1 in the cortex and hippocampus in both treated groups as compared to the control group. The BA composition was altered in the serum of both treated groups, and LBP and S100β were significantly augmented in NASH. ZO-1 and Occludin were attenuated in the brain capillary endothelial cells of both treated groups versus the control group. We demonstrated that NAFLD and NASH provoke different grades of brain dysfunction, which are characterized by the altered expression of BA receptors, FXR and TGR5, and activation of microglia. These effects are somewhat promoted by a modification of circulating BAs composition and by an increase in LBP that concur to damage BBB, thus favoring neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemi Fiaschini
- Biomedical Technologies Laboratory, Division of Health Protection Technologies, Agenzia Nazionale per le Nuove Tecnologie, l’Energia e lo Sviluppo Economico Sostenibile (ENEA), 00123 Rome, Italy
| | - Mariateresa Mancuso
- Biomedical Technologies Laboratory, Division of Health Protection Technologies, Agenzia Nazionale per le Nuove Tecnologie, l’Energia e lo Sviluppo Economico Sostenibile (ENEA), 00123 Rome, Italy
| | - Mirella Tanori
- Biomedical Technologies Laboratory, Division of Health Protection Technologies, Agenzia Nazionale per le Nuove Tecnologie, l’Energia e lo Sviluppo Economico Sostenibile (ENEA), 00123 Rome, Italy
| | - Eleonora Colantoni
- Biomedical Technologies Laboratory, Division of Health Protection Technologies, Agenzia Nazionale per le Nuove Tecnologie, l’Energia e lo Sviluppo Economico Sostenibile (ENEA), 00123 Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Vitali
- Biomedical Technologies Laboratory, Division of Health Protection Technologies, Agenzia Nazionale per le Nuove Tecnologie, l’Energia e lo Sviluppo Economico Sostenibile (ENEA), 00123 Rome, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Diretto
- Biotechnology Laboratory, Division of Biotechnologies and Agroindustry, Agenzia Nazionale per le Nuove Tecnologie, l’Energia e lo Sviluppo Economico Sostenibile (ENEA), 00123 Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Lorenzo Rebenaque
- Departamento Producción y Sanidad Animal, Salud Pública Veterinaria y Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Universidad CEU-Cardenal Herrera, CEU Universities, Alfara del Patriarca, 46115 Valencia, Spain
| | - Laura Stronati
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Negroni
- Biomedical Technologies Laboratory, Division of Health Protection Technologies, Agenzia Nazionale per le Nuove Tecnologie, l’Energia e lo Sviluppo Economico Sostenibile (ENEA), 00123 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence:
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21
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Fadó R, Molins A, Rojas R, Casals N. Feeding the Brain: Effect of Nutrients on Cognition, Synaptic Function, and AMPA Receptors. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14194137. [PMID: 36235789 PMCID: PMC9572450 DOI: 10.3390/nu14194137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, traditional eating habits have been replaced by a more globalized diet, rich in saturated fatty acids and simple sugars. Extensive evidence shows that these dietary factors contribute to cognitive health impairment as well as increase the incidence of metabolic diseases such as obesity and diabetes. However, how these nutrients modulate synaptic function and neuroplasticity is poorly understood. We review the Western, ketogenic, and paleolithic diets for their effects on cognition and correlations with synaptic changes, focusing mainly (but not exclusively) on animal model studies aimed at tracing molecular alterations that may contribute to impaired human cognition. We observe that memory and learning deficits mediated by high-fat/high-sugar diets, even over short exposure times, are associated with reduced arborization, widened synaptic cleft, narrowed post-synaptic zone, and decreased activity-dependent synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus, and also observe that these alterations correlate with deregulation of the AMPA-type glutamate ionotropic receptors (AMPARs) that are crucial to neuroplasticity. Furthermore, we explored which diet-mediated mechanisms modulate synaptic AMPARs and whether certain supplements or nutritional interventions could reverse deleterious effects, contributing to improved learning and memory in older people and patients with Alzheimer’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rut Fadó
- Basic Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, E-08195 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, E-08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-93-504-20-00
| | - Anna Molins
- Basic Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, E-08195 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
| | - Rocío Rojas
- Basic Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, E-08195 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
| | - Núria Casals
- Basic Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, E-08195 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
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22
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Hernandez AR, Watson C, Federico QP, Fletcher R, Brotgandel A, Buford TW, Carter CS, Burke SN. Twelve Months of Time-Restricted Feeding Improves Cognition and Alters Microbiome Composition Independent of Macronutrient Composition. Nutrients 2022; 14:3977. [PMID: 36235630 PMCID: PMC9572159 DOI: 10.3390/nu14193977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Declining health, gut dysbiosis, and cognitive impairments are hallmarks of advanced age. While caloric restriction is known to robustly extend the healthspan and alter gut microbiome composition, it is difficult maintain. Time-restricted feeding or changes in dietary macronutrient composition could be feasible alternatives for enhancing late life cognitive and physical health that are easier to comply with for extended periods of time. To investigate this possibility, 8-month-old rats were placed on time-restricted feeding with a ketogenic or micronutrient- and calorically matched control diet for 13 months. A third group of rats was permitted to eat standard chow ad libitum during this time. At 22 months, all rats were tested on a biconditional association task and fecal samples were collected for microbiome composition analysis. Regardless of dietary composition, time-restricted-fed rats had better cognitive performance than ad libitum-fed rats. This observation could not be accounted for by differences in motivation, procedural or sensorimotor impairments. Additionally, there were significant differences in gut microbiome diversity and composition between all diet conditions. Allobaculum abundance was associated with cognitive task performance, indicating a link between gut health and cognitive outcomes in aged subjects. Overall, time restricted feeding had the largest influence on cognitive performance in aged rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbi R. Hernandez
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics, and Palliative Care, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35205, USA
| | - Cory Watson
- Department of Neuroscience and McKnight, Brain Institute College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Quinten P. Federico
- Department of Neuroscience and McKnight, Brain Institute College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Rachel Fletcher
- Department of Neuroscience and McKnight, Brain Institute College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Armen Brotgandel
- Department of Neuroscience and McKnight, Brain Institute College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Thomas W. Buford
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics, and Palliative Care, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35205, USA
- Birmingham/Atlanta Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL 35205, USA
| | - Christy S. Carter
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics, and Palliative Care, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35205, USA
| | - Sara N. Burke
- Department of Neuroscience and McKnight, Brain Institute College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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23
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Łuc M, Woźniak M, Rymaszewska J. Neuroinflammation in Dementia—Therapeutic Directions in a COVID-19 Pandemic Setting. Cells 2022; 11:cells11192959. [PMID: 36230921 PMCID: PMC9562181 DOI: 10.3390/cells11192959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although dementia is a heterogenous group of diseases, inflammation has been shown to play a central role in all of them and provides a common link in their pathology. This review aims to highlight the importance of immune response in the most common types of dementia. We describe molecular aspects of pro-inflammatory signaling and sources of inflammatory activation in the human organism, including a novel infectious agent, SARS-CoV-2. The role of glial cells in neuroinflammation, as well as potential therapeutic approaches, are then discussed. Peripheral immune response and increased cytokine production, including an early surge in TNF and IL-1β concentrations activate glia, leading to aggravation of neuroinflammation and dysfunction of neurons during COVID-19. Lifestyle factors, such as diet, have a large impact on future cognitive outcomes and should be included as a crucial intervention in dementia prevention. While the use of NSAIDs is not recommended due to inconclusive results on their efficacy and risk of side effects, the studies focused on the use of TNF antagonists as the more specific target in neuroinflammation are still very limited. It is still unknown, to what degree neuroinflammation resulting from COVID-19 may affect neurodegenerative process and cognitive functioning in the long term with ongoing reports of chronic post-COVID complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Łuc
- Department of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Marta Woźniak
- Department of Pathology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Rymaszewska
- Department of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland
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24
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Ratto D, Roda E, Romeo M, Venuti MT, Desiderio A, Lupo G, Capelli E, Sandionigi A, Rossi P. The Many Ages of Microbiome–Gut–Brain Axis. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14142937. [PMID: 35889894 PMCID: PMC9319041 DOI: 10.3390/nu14142937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Frailty during aging is an increasing problem associated with locomotor and cognitive decline, implicated in poor quality of life and adverse health consequences. Considering the microbiome–gut–brain axis, we investigated, in a longitudinal study, whether and how physiological aging affects gut microbiome composition in wild-type male mice, and if and how cognitive frailty is related to gut microbiome composition. To assess these points, we monitored mice during aging at five selected experimental time points, from adulthood to senescence. At all selected experimental times, we monitored cognitive performance using novel object recognition and emergence tests and measured the corresponding Cognitive Frailty Index. Parallelly, murine fecal samples were collected and analyzed to determine the respective alpha and beta diversities, as well as the relative abundance of different bacterial taxa. We demonstrated that physiological aging significantly affected the overall gut microbiome composition, as well as the relative abundance of specific bacterial taxa, including Deferribacterota, Akkermansia, Muribaculaceae, Alistipes, and Clostridia VadinBB60. We also revealed that 218 amplicon sequence variants were significantly associated to the Cognitive Frailty Index. We speculated that some of them may guide the microbiome toward maladaptive and dysbiotic conditions, while others may compensate with changes toward adaptive and eubiotic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Ratto
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “L. Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (D.R.); (M.R.); (M.T.V.)
| | - Elisa Roda
- Laboratory of Clinical & Experimental Toxicology, Pavia Poison Centre, National Toxicology Information Centre, Toxicology Unit, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Marcello Romeo
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “L. Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (D.R.); (M.R.); (M.T.V.)
| | - Maria Teresa Venuti
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “L. Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (D.R.); (M.R.); (M.T.V.)
| | - Anthea Desiderio
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.D.); (G.L.); (E.C.)
| | - Giuseppe Lupo
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.D.); (G.L.); (E.C.)
| | - Enrica Capelli
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.D.); (G.L.); (E.C.)
| | - Anna Sandionigi
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy;
- Quantia Consulting S.r.l., Via Petrarca 20, 22066 Mariano Comense, Italy
| | - Paola Rossi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “L. Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (D.R.); (M.R.); (M.T.V.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0382-986076
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25
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Yan S, Chen J, Zhu L, Guo T, Qin D, Hu Z, Han S, Zhou Y, Akan OD, Wang J, Luo F, Lin Q. Oryzanol Attenuates High Fat and Cholesterol Diet-Induced Hyperlipidemia by Regulating the Gut Microbiome and Amino Acid Metabolism. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:6429-6443. [PMID: 35587527 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c00885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia is intricately associated with the dysregulation of gut microbiota and host metabolomes. This study explored the antihyperlipidemic function of oryzanol and investigated whether the function of oryzanol affected the gut microbiome and its related metabolites. Hamsters were fed a standard diet (Control) and a high fat and cholesterol (HFCD) diet with or without oryzanol, separately. Our results showed that oryzanol significantly decreased HFCD-induced fat accumulation, serum total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), LDL-c/HDL-c ratio, triglyceride, and liver steatohepatitis, attenuated HFCD-induced gut microbiota alterations, and altered amino acid concentrations in feces and the liver. We investigated the role of the gut microbiota in the observed beneficial effects; the protective effects of oryzanol were partly diminished by suppressing the gut bacteria of hamsters after using antibiotics. A fecal microbiota transplantation experiment was carried out by transplanting the feces from HFCD group hamsters or hamsters given oryzanol supplementation (as a donor hamster). Our results showed that administering the fecal liquid from oryzanol-treated hamsters attenuated HFCD-induced hyperlipidemia, significantly decreased the abundance of norank_f__Erysipelotrichaceae, norank_f__Eubacteriaceae, and norank_f__Oscillospiraceae and the concentration of tyrosine. These outcomes are significantly positively correlated with serum lipid concentration. This study illustrated that gut microbiota is the target of oryzanol in the antihyperlipidemic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sisi Yan
- National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Process of Rice and Byproducts, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, Colleges of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Jihong Chen
- National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Process of Rice and Byproducts, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Lingfeng Zhu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Process of Rice and Byproducts, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Tianyi Guo
- National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Process of Rice and Byproducts, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Dandan Qin
- National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Process of Rice and Byproducts, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Zuomin Hu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Process of Rice and Byproducts, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Shuai Han
- National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Process of Rice and Byproducts, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Yaping Zhou
- National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Process of Rice and Byproducts, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Otobang Donald Akan
- National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Process of Rice and Byproducts, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Ji Wang
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, Colleges of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
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Shao J, Ge T, Wei Y, Zhou Y, Shi M, Liu H, Chen Z, Xia Y. Co-interventions with Clostridium butyricum and soluble dietary fiber targeting the gut microbiota improve MAFLD via the Acly/Nrf2/NF-κB signaling pathway. Food Funct 2022; 13:5807-5819. [PMID: 35543143 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo04224f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: The pathogenesis of metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is complex. Lipid metabolic disorder, chronic inflammation, and oxidative stress are the core events for MAFLD. Dietary intervention is an important treatment strategy for preventing the onset and progression of MAFLD. Clostridium butyricum (CB) and soluble dietary fiber (SDF) are often considered beneficial for health. We explored how two microbiota-targeted interventions (SDF and CB) influence the hepatic immune system, oxidative stress, and lipid metabolism in MAFLD mice. Methods: To explore the role of SDF and CB in MAFLD, we generated MAFLD mouse models by feeding C57BL/6 mice with a high-fat diet (HFD). After 8 weeks of intervention, we measured immune cell function, lipid metabolism, and oxidative stress levels in the livers of mice. Results: Single intervention with SDF or CB was not effective in improving MAFLD; however, co-interventions with SDF and CB increased microbiota diversity and decreased inflammation, oxidative stress, and lipid synthesis. Moreover, we determined that co-intervention with SDF and CB mediated fatty acid oxidation by activating the Acly/Nrf2/NF-κB signaling pathway. Most importantly, co-intervention exerted anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting the differentiation of macrophages into pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages. Conclusion: This study show that co-intervention with SDF and CB can improve MAFLD, and co-intervention with SDF and CB are suggested to be potential gut microbiota modulators and therapeutic substances for MAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwei Shao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, China.
| | - Tiantian Ge
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, China.
| | - Yingliang Wei
- Department of Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110004, China
| | - Yuhan Zhou
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Mengyuan Shi
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Huiyuan Liu
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Zhi Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, China.
| | - Yang Xia
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
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Huang J, Wei S, Jiang C, Xiao Z, Liu J, Peng W, Zhang B, Li W. Involvement of Abnormal Gut Microbiota Composition and Function in Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:808837. [PMID: 35281446 PMCID: PMC8913537 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.808837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Doxorubicin (Dox), a chemotherapeutic anthracycline agent for the treatment of a variety of malignancies, has a limitation in clinical application for dose-dependent cardiotoxicity. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between the composition/function of the gut microbiota and Dox-induced cardiotoxicity (DIC). Methods C57BL/6J mice were injected intraperitoneally with 15 mg/kg of Dox, with or without antibiotics (Abs) administration. The M-mode echocardiograms were performed to assess cardiac function. The histopathological analysis was conducted by H&E staining and TUNEL kit assay. The serum levels of creatine kinase (CK), CK-MB (CK-MB), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), and cardiac troponin T (cTnT) were analyzed by an automatic biochemical analyzer. 16S rRNA gene and metagenomic sequencing of fecal samples were used to explore the gut microbiota composition and function. Key Findings Dox caused left ventricular (LV) dilation and reduced LV contractility. The levels of cardiomyocyte apoptosis and myocardial enzymes were elevated in Dox-treated mice compared with the control (Con) group. 16S rRNA gene sequencing results revealed significant differences in microbial composition between the two groups. In the Dox group, the relative abundances of Allobaculum, Muribaculum, and Lachnoclostridium were significantly decreased, whereas Faecalibaculum, Dubosiella, and Lachnospiraceae were significantly increased compared with the Con group at the genus level. Functional enrichment with Cluster of orthologous groups of proteins (COG) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses showed that the Dox mice displayed different clusters of cellular processes and metabolism from the Con mice. The different species and their functions between the two groups were associated with the clinical factors of cardiac enzymes. Moreover, depletion of the gut microbiota could alleviate Dox-induced myocardial injury and cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Conclusions The study here shows that composition imbalance and functional changes of the gut microbiota can be one of the etiological mechanisms underlying DIC. The gut microbiota may serve as new targets for the treatment of cardiotoxicity and cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shanshan Wei
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chuanhao Jiang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zijun Xiao
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Weijun Peng
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese & Western Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bikui Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Bikui Zhang, ; Wenqun Li,
| | - Wenqun Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Bikui Zhang, ; Wenqun Li,
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Jena PK, Setayesh T, Sheng L, Di Lucente J, Jin LW, Wan YJY. Intestinal Microbiota Remodeling Protects Mice from Western Diet-Induced Brain Inflammation and Cognitive Decline. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030504. [PMID: 35159313 PMCID: PMC8834507 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been shown that the Western diet (WD) induces systemic inflammation and cognitive decline. Moreover, probiotic supplementation and antibiotic treatment reduce diet-induced hepatic inflammation. The current study examines whether shaping the gut microbes by Bifidobacterium infantis (B. infantis) supplementation and antibiotic treatment reduce diet-induced brain inflammation and improve neuroplasticity. Furthermore, the significance of bile acid (BA) signaling in regulating brain inflammation was studied. Mice were fed a control diet (CD) or WD for seven months. B. infantis was supplemented to WD-fed mice to study brain inflammation, lipid, metabolomes, and neuroplasticity measured by long-term potentiation (LTP). Broad-spectrum coverage antibiotics and cholestyramine treatments were performed to study the impact of WD-associated gut microbes and BA in brain inflammation. Probiotic B. infantis supplementation inhibited diet-induced brain inflammation by reducing IL6, TNFα, and CD11b levels. B. infantis improved LTP and increased brain PSD95 and BDNF levels, which were reduced due to WD intake. Additionally, B. infantis reduced cecal cholesterol, brain ceramide and enhanced saturated fatty acids. Moreover, antibiotic treatment, as well as cholestyramine, diminished WD-induced brain inflammatory signaling. Our findings support the theory that intestinal microbiota remodeling by B. infantis reduces brain inflammation, activates BA receptor signaling, and improves neuroplasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasant Kumar Jena
- Department of Medical Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; (P.K.J.); (T.S.); (L.S.); (J.D.L.); (L.W.J.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Tahereh Setayesh
- Department of Medical Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; (P.K.J.); (T.S.); (L.S.); (J.D.L.); (L.W.J.)
| | - Lili Sheng
- Department of Medical Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; (P.K.J.); (T.S.); (L.S.); (J.D.L.); (L.W.J.)
| | - Jacopo Di Lucente
- Department of Medical Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; (P.K.J.); (T.S.); (L.S.); (J.D.L.); (L.W.J.)
| | - Lee Way Jin
- Department of Medical Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; (P.K.J.); (T.S.); (L.S.); (J.D.L.); (L.W.J.)
| | - Yu-Jui Yvonne Wan
- Department of Medical Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; (P.K.J.); (T.S.); (L.S.); (J.D.L.); (L.W.J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-916-734-4293; Fax: +1-916-734-3787
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Feng Y, Fu S, Li C, Ma X, Wu Y, Chen F, Li G, Liu M, Liu H, Zhu J, Lan Z, Jiang G. Interaction of Gut Microbiota and Brain Function in Patients With Chronic Insomnia: A Regional Homogeneity Study. Front Neurosci 2022; 15:804843. [PMID: 35069107 PMCID: PMC8766814 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.804843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that the human gut microbiota (GM) plays a critical role in brain function and behavior via the complex microbiome–gut–brain axis. However, knowledge about the underlying relationship between the GM and changes in brain function in patients with chronic insomnia (CI) is still very limited. In this prospective study, 31 CI patients and 30 healthy controls were recruited. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scans were performed and brain functional alterations in CI patients were evaluated using the regional homogeneity (ReHo) method. We collected fecal samples of CI patients and used 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing to assess the relative abundance (RA) and alpha diversity of the GM. We also performed extensive sleep, mood, and cognitive assessments. Then, we tested for potential associations between the GM profile, ReHo alterations, and neuropsychological changes in CI patients. Our results showed associations between the RA of Lactobacilli, ReHo values in the left fusiform gyrus, and depression scores in CI patients. We also found some bacterial genera related to ReHo values of the right triangular inferior frontal gyrus. In addition, the RA of genus Coprobacter was correlated with ReHo values of the left angular gyrus and with specific cognitive performance. These findings revealed complex relationships between GM, brain function, and behavior in patients with CI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Feng
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Medical Imaging, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shishun Fu
- Department of Medical Imaging, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cheng Li
- Guangdong Traditional Medical and Sports Injury Rehabilitation Research Institute, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaofen Ma
- Department of Medical Imaging, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunfan Wu
- Department of Medical Imaging, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Medical Imaging, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guomin Li
- Department of Medical Imaging, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengchen Liu
- Department of Medical Imaging, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hang Liu
- Department of Medical Imaging, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaying Zhu
- Department of Medical Imaging, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhihong Lan
- Department of Medical Imaging, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai, China
| | - Guihua Jiang
- Department of Medical Imaging, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China.,The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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30
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Ye X, Shen S, Xu Z, Zhuang Q, Xu J, Wang J, Dong Z, Wan X. Sodium butyrate alleviates cholesterol gallstones by regulating bile acid metabolism. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 908:174341. [PMID: 34273384 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cholesterol overloading and bile acid metabolic disorders play an important role in the onset of cholesterol gallstone (CGS). Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) can regulate bile acid metabolism by modulating the gut microbiota. However, the role and mechanism by which sodium butyrate (NaB) targets bile acids to attenuate CGS are still unknown. In this study, continuous administration of 12 mg/day for 8 weeks was decreased the incidence of gallstones induced by lithogenic diet (LD) from 100% to 25%. NaB modulated SCFAs and improved the gut microbiota. The remodeling of the gut microbiota changed the bile acid compositions and decreased cecal tauro-α-muricholic acid (T-α-MCA) and tauro-β-muricholic acid (T-β-MCA) which are effective farnesoid X receptor (FXR) antagonists. The quantitative real-time PCR examination showed that NaB significantly increased levels of ileal Fxr, fibroblast growth factor-15 (Fgf-15) and small heterodimer partner (Shp) mRNA and subsequently inhibited bile acid synthesis. In addition, NaB enhanced bile acid excretion by increasing the levels of hepatic multidrug resistance protein 2 (Mdr2) and bile salt export pump (Bsep) mRNA, and it enhanced bile acid reabsorption in the intestine by increasing the levels of ileal bile acid transporter (Ibat) mRNA. In addition, NaB reduced the absorption of cholesterol in the intestine and inhibited the excretion of cholesterol in the liver, which reduced the cholesterol concentration in serum and bile. Furthermore, the protective effects of NaB administration were abolished by FXR antagonists. Taken together, our results suggest that NaB mitigates CGS by modulating the gut microbiota to regulate the FXR-FGF-15/SHP signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Ye
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Digestive Endoscopic Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, China
| | - Shuang Shen
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengjie Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Zhuang
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Digestive Endoscopic Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, China
| | - Jingxian Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Institute of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Institute of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhixia Dong
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Digestive Endoscopic Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, China.
| | - Xinjian Wan
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Digestive Endoscopic Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, China.
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31
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Cognitive Dysfunction in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease-Current Knowledge, Mechanisms and Perspectives. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10040673. [PMID: 33572481 PMCID: PMC7916374 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10040673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has emerged as the hepatic component of the metabolic syndrome and now seemingly affects one-fourth of the world population. Features associated with NAFLD and the metabolic syndrome have frequently been linked to cognitive dysfunction, i.e. systemic inflammation, vascular dysfunction, and sleep apnoea. However, emerging evidence suggests that NAFLD may be a cause of cognitive dysfunction independent of these factors. NAFLD in addition exhibits dysbiosis of the gut microbiota and impaired urea cycle function, favouring systemic ammonia accumulation and further promotes systemic inflammation. Such disruption of the gut–liver–brain axis is essential in the pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy, the neuropsychiatric syndrome associated with progressive liver disease. Considering the growing burden of NAFLD, the morbidity from cognitive impairment is expected to have huge societal and economic impact. The present paper provides a review of the available evidence for cognitive dysfunction in NAFLD and outlines its possible mechanisms. Moreover, the clinical challenges of characterizing and diagnosing cognitive dysfunction in NAFLD are discussed.
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