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Tezuka T, Ishiguro M, Taniguchi D, Osogaguchi E, Shiba-Fukushima K, Ogata J, Ishii R, Ikeda A, Li Y, Yoshino H, Matsui T, Kaida K, Funayama M, Nishioka K, Kumazawa F, Matsubara T, Tsuda H, Saito Y, Murayama S, Imai Y, Hattori N. Clinical characteristics and pathophysiological properties of newly discovered LRRK2 variants associated with Parkinson's disease. Neurobiol Dis 2024; 199:106571. [PMID: 38901781 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2024.106571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) is the most common gene responsible for familial Parkinson's disease (PD). The gene product of LRRK2 contains multiple protein domains, including armadillo repeat, ankyrin repeat, leucine-rich repeat (LRR), Ras-of-complex (ROC), C-terminal of ROC (COR), kinase, and WD40 domains. In this study, we performed genetic screening of LRRK2 in our PD cohort, detecting sixteen LRRK2 rare variants. Among them, we selected seven variants that are likely to be familial and characterized them in terms of LRRK2 protein function, along with clinical information and one pathological analysis. The seven variants were S1120P and N1221K in the LRR domain; I1339M, S1403R, and V1447M in the ROC domain; and I1658F and D1873H in the COR domain. The kinase activity of the LRRK2 variants N1221K, S1403R, V1447M, and I1658F toward Rab10, a well-known phosphorylation substrate, was higher than that of wild-type LRRK2. LRRK2 D1873H showed enhanced self-association activity, whereas LRRK2 S1403R and D1873H showed reduced microtubule-binding activity. Pathological analysis of a patient with the LRRK2 V1447M variant was also performed, which revealed Lewy pathology in the brainstem. No functional alterations in terms of kinase activity, self-association activity, and microtubule-binding activity were detected in LRRK2 S1120P and I1339M variants. However, the patient with PD carrying LRRK2 S1120P variant also had a heterozygous Glucosylceramidase beta 1 (GBA1) L444P variant. In conclusion, we characterized seven LRRK2 variants potentially associated with PD. Five of the seven variants in different LRRK2 domains exhibited altered properties in kinase activity, self-association, and microtubule-binding activity, suggesting that each domain variant may contribute to disease progression in different ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiki Tezuka
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; Department of Neurology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Mayu Ishiguro
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Daisuke Taniguchi
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Ehoto Osogaguchi
- Department of Research for Parkinson's Disease, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; Faculty of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Kahori Shiba-Fukushima
- Department of Drug Development for Parkinson's Disease, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Jun Ogata
- Department of Research for Parkinson's Disease, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Ryota Ishii
- Department of Research for Parkinson's Disease, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Aya Ikeda
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Yuanzhe Li
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; Department of Diagnosis, Prevention and Treatment of Dementia, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Hiroyo Yoshino
- Research Institute for Diseases of Old Age, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Taro Matsui
- Division of Neurology, Anti-aging, and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan
| | - Kenichi Kaida
- Division of Neurology, Anti-aging, and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan; Department of Neurology, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Kawagoe, Saitama 350-8550, Japan
| | - Manabu Funayama
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; Research Institute for Diseases of Old Age, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; Center for Genomic and Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Kenya Nishioka
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Fumihisa Kumazawa
- Department of Basic Pathology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan
| | - Tomoyasu Matsubara
- Brain Bank for Aging Research (Department of Neuropathology), Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Tsuda
- Department of Basic Pathology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan
| | - Yuko Saito
- Brain Bank for Aging Research (Department of Neuropathology), Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan
| | - Shigeo Murayama
- Brain Bank for Aging Research (Department of Neuropathology), Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan; Brain Bank for Neurodevelopmental, Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuzuru Imai
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; Department of Research for Parkinson's Disease, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan.
| | - Nobutaka Hattori
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; Department of Research for Parkinson's Disease, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; Department of Drug Development for Parkinson's Disease, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; Department of Diagnosis, Prevention and Treatment of Dementia, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; Research Institute for Diseases of Old Age, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; Center for Genomic and Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; Neurodegenerative Disorders Collaborative Laboratory, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
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Xiong Y, Yu J. LRRK2 in Parkinson's disease: upstream regulation and therapeutic targeting. Trends Mol Med 2024:S1471-4914(24)00189-8. [PMID: 39153957 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2024.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
Mutations in leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) are the most common causes of Parkinson's disease (PD) to date. Dysfunction in LRRK2 enzymatic activities and elevated protein levels are associated with the disease. How is LRRK2 activated, and what downstream molecular and cellular processes does LRRK2 regulate? Addressing these questions is crucial to decipher the disease mechanisms. In this review we focus on the upstream regulations and briefly discuss downstream substrates of LRRK2 as well as the cellular consequences caused by these regulations. Building on these basic findings, we discuss therapeutic strategies targeting LRRK2 and highlight the challenges in clinical trials. We further highlight the important questions that remains to be answered in the LRRK2 field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulan Xiong
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.
| | - Jianzhong Yu
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
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3
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Wise A, Ortega RA, Raymond D, Cervera A, Thorn E, Leaver K, Russell DS, Bressman SB, Crary JF, Saunders-Pullman R. Multiple sclerosis in LRRK2 G2019S Parkinson's disease and isolated nigral degeneration in a homozygous variant carrier. Front Neurol 2024; 15:1450654. [PMID: 39175765 PMCID: PMC11340503 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1450654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Background LRRK2 variants have been associated with immune dysregulation as well as immune-related disorders such as IBD. A possible relationship between multiple sclerosis (MS) and LRRK2 PD has also been suggested. Further, neuropathologic studies of homozygous LRRK2 G2019S carriers with Parkinson's disease (PD) are rare, and there are no systematic reports of clinical features in those cases. Methods We investigated the co-occurrence of PD and MS in our research cohort and report on two cases of MS in LRRK2 PD as well as neuropathological findings for one. Results MS preceded PD in 1.4% (2/138) of participants with LRRK2 G2019S variants, and in none (0/638) with idiopathic PD (p = 0.03). One case with MS and PD was a LRRK2 G2019S homozygous carrier, and neuropathology showed evidence of substantia nigra pars compacta degeneration and pallor without Lewy deposition, as well as multiple white matter lesions consistent with MS-related demyelination. Discussion The increased prevalence of MS in LRRK2 PD further supports an important role for immune function for LRRK2 PD. This co-occurrence, while rare, suggests that MS may be an expression of the LRRK2 G2019S variant that includes both MS and PD, with MS predating features diagnostic of PD. The neuropathology suggests that the MS-related effects occurred independent of synuclein deposition. Importantly, and in addition, the neuropathological results not only support the MS diagnosis, but provide further evidence that Lewy body pathology may be absent even in homozygote LRRK2 carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adina Wise
- Department of Neurology, Mount Sinai Beth Israel Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Roberto A. Ortega
- Department of Neurology, Mount Sinai Beth Israel Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Deborah Raymond
- Department of Neurology, Mount Sinai Beth Israel Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Alessandra Cervera
- Departments of Pathology, Neuroscience, and Artificial Intelligence & Human Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Neuropathology Brain Bank & Research CoRE, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer’s Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Emma Thorn
- Departments of Pathology, Neuroscience, and Artificial Intelligence & Human Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Neuropathology Brain Bank & Research CoRE, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer’s Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Katherine Leaver
- Department of Neurology, Mount Sinai Beth Israel Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - David S. Russell
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Susan B. Bressman
- Department of Neurology, Mount Sinai Beth Israel Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - John F. Crary
- Departments of Pathology, Neuroscience, and Artificial Intelligence & Human Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Neuropathology Brain Bank & Research CoRE, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer’s Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Rachel Saunders-Pullman
- Department of Neurology, Mount Sinai Beth Israel Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
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Venuto CS, Herbst K, Chahine LM, Kieburtz K. Predicting Cerebrospinal Fluid Alpha-Synuclein Seed Amplification Assay Status from Demographics and Clinical Data. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.08.07.24311578. [PMID: 39148857 PMCID: PMC11326325 DOI: 10.1101/2024.08.07.24311578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Objective To develop and externally validate models to predict probabilities of alpha-synuclein (a-syn) positive or negative status in vivo in a mixture of people with and without Parkinson's disease (PD) using easily accessible clinical predictors. Methods Uni- and multi-variable logistic regression models were developed in a cohort of participants from the Parkinson Progression Marker Initiative (PPMI) study to predict cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) a-syn status as measured by seeding amplification assay (SAA). Models were externally validated in a cohort of participants from the Systemic Synuclein Sampling Study (S4) that had also measured CSF a-syn status using SAA. Results The PPMI model training/testing cohort consisted of 1260 participants, of which 76% had manifest PD with a mean (± standard deviation) disease duration of 1.2 (±1.6) years. Overall, 68.7% of the overall PPMI cohort (and 88.0% with PD of those with manifest PD) had positive CSF a-syn SAA status results. Variables from the full multivariable model to predict CSF a-syn SAA status included age- and sex-specific University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT) percentile values, sex, self-reported presence of constipation problems, leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) genetic status and pathogenic variant, and GBA status. Internal performance of the model on PPMI data to predict CSF a-syn SAA status had an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of 0.920, and sensitivity/specificity of 0.881/0.845. When this model was applied to the external S4 cohort, which included 71 participants (70.4% with manifest PD for a mean 5.1 (±4.8) years), it performed well, achieving an AUROC of 0.976, and sensitivity/specificity of 0.958/0.870. Models using only UPSIT percentile performed similarly well upon internal and external testing. Conclusion Data-driven models using non-invasive clinical features can accurately predict CSF a-syn SAA positive and negative status in cohorts enriched for people living with PD. Scores from the UPSIT were highly significant in predicting a-syn SAA status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles S. Venuto
- Center for Health + Technology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Konnor Herbst
- Center for Health + Technology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Lana M. Chahine
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Karl Kieburtz
- Center for Health + Technology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
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5
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Nguyen HN, Galleri G, Rassu A, Ciampelli C, Bernardoni R, Galioto M, Albani D, Crosio C, Iaccarino C. Evaluation of Neuroinflammatory Contribution to Neurodegeneration in LRRK2 Drosophila Models. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1555. [PMID: 39062128 PMCID: PMC11274873 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12071555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Pathological mutations in the LRRK2 gene are the major genetic cause of Parkinson's disease (PD). Although several animal models with either LRRK2 down- or over-expression have been developed, the physiological function of LRRK2 remains elusive. LRRK2 is constitutively expressed in various tissues including neurons and glial cells, but importantly, it is expressed at low levels in dopaminergic neurons, further contributing to the cryptic function of LRRK2. Significant levels of LRRK2 protein and mRNA have been detected in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, lymph nodes, the spleen, and primary microglia, strongly suggesting the contribution of inflammatory cells to neuronal degeneration. In this research article, using Drosophila LRRK2 models, we were able to demonstrate a significant contribution of glial cells to the LRRK2 pathological phenotype. Furthermore, in Drosophila, neurodegeneration is associated with a significant and important increase in specific inflammatory peptides. Finally, levetiracetam, a compound widely used in human therapy to treat epilepsy, was able to rescue both neuronal degeneration and neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoai Nam Nguyen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy (G.G.); (A.R.)
| | - Grazia Galleri
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy (G.G.); (A.R.)
| | - Antonio Rassu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy (G.G.); (A.R.)
| | - Cristina Ciampelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy (G.G.); (A.R.)
| | - Roberto Bernardoni
- Department Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Manuela Galioto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy (G.G.); (A.R.)
| | - Diego Albani
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Claudia Crosio
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy (G.G.); (A.R.)
| | - Ciro Iaccarino
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy (G.G.); (A.R.)
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Jackson LM, Woodruff BK, Tremblay C, Shill HA, Beach TG, Serrano GE, Adler CH. Parkinson's Disease Associated with G2019S LRRK2 Mutations without Lewy Body Pathology. Mov Disord Clin Pract 2024; 11:874-878. [PMID: 38757351 PMCID: PMC11233835 DOI: 10.1002/mdc3.14068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The G2019S leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) gene mutation is an important and commonly found genetic determinant of Parkinson's disease (PD). The neuropathological findings associated with this mutation have thus far been varied but are most often associated with Lewy body (LB) pathology. OBJECTIVE Describe a case of clinical Parkinson's disease with levodopa responsiveness found to have LRRK2 mutations and the absence of Lewy bodies. METHOD We present an 89-year-old man with a 10-year history of slowly progressive parkinsonism suspected to be secondary to Parkinson's disease. RESULTS Neuropathological evaluation revealed nigral degeneration without Lewy bodies or Lewy neurites, but there were frequent tau-immunopositive neurites and astrocytes in the putamen and substantia nigra, neocortical glial tau positive astrocytes associated with aging-related tau astrogliopathy (ARTAG), as well as neurofibrillary tangles, beta amyloid plaques, and amyloid angiopathy typical of advanced Alzheimer's disease. G2019S LRRK2 homozygous mutations were found. CONCLUSION This case illustrates that levodopa-responsive clinical PD caused by G2019S LRRK2 mutations can occur without Lewy bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Cecilia Tremblay
- Department of Neuropathology, Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, Arizona, USA
| | - Holly A Shill
- Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Thomas G Beach
- Department of Neuropathology, Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, Arizona, USA
| | - Geidy E Serrano
- Department of Neuropathology, Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, Arizona, USA
| | - Charles H Adler
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
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Henderson MX, Sengupta M, Trojanowski JQ, Lee VMY. Correction to: Alzheimer's disease tau is a prominent pathology in LRRK2 Parkinson's disease. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2024; 12:110. [PMID: 38943188 PMCID: PMC11214202 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-024-01819-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/01/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michael X Henderson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute on Aging and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, 3600 Spruce St, 3rd Floor Maloney, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Medha Sengupta
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute on Aging and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, 3600 Spruce St, 3rd Floor Maloney, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - John Q Trojanowski
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute on Aging and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, 3600 Spruce St, 3rd Floor Maloney, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Virginia M Y Lee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute on Aging and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, 3600 Spruce St, 3rd Floor Maloney, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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Langerscheidt F, Wied T, Al Kabbani MA, van Eimeren T, Wunderlich G, Zempel H. Genetic forms of tauopathies: inherited causes and implications of Alzheimer's disease-like TAU pathology in primary and secondary tauopathies. J Neurol 2024; 271:2992-3018. [PMID: 38554150 PMCID: PMC11136742 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-024-12314-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
Tauopathies are a heterogeneous group of neurologic diseases characterized by pathological axodendritic distribution, ectopic expression, and/or phosphorylation and aggregation of the microtubule-associated protein TAU, encoded by the gene MAPT. Neuronal dysfunction, dementia, and neurodegeneration are common features of these often detrimental diseases. A neurodegenerative disease is considered a primary tauopathy when MAPT mutations/haplotypes are its primary cause and/or TAU is the main pathological feature. In case TAU pathology is observed but superimposed by another pathological hallmark, the condition is classified as a secondary tauopathy. In some tauopathies (e.g. MAPT-associated frontotemporal dementia (FTD), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), corticobasal degeneration (CBD), and Alzheimer's disease (AD)) TAU is recognized as a significant pathogenic driver of the disease. In many secondary tauopathies, including Parkinson's disease (PD) and Huntington's disease (HD), TAU is suggested to contribute to the development of dementia, but in others (e.g. Niemann-Pick disease (NPC)) TAU may only be a bystander. The genetic and pathological mechanisms underlying TAU pathology are often not fully understood. In this review, the genetic predispositions and variants associated with both primary and secondary tauopathies are examined in detail, assessing evidence for the role of TAU in these conditions. We highlight less common genetic forms of tauopathies to increase awareness for these disorders and the involvement of TAU in their pathology. This approach not only contributes to a deeper understanding of these conditions but may also lay the groundwork for potential TAU-based therapeutic interventions for various tauopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Langerscheidt
- Institute of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Tamara Wied
- Institute of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Natural Sciences, Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University of Applied Sciences, Von-Liebig-Str. 20, 53359, Rheinbach, Germany
| | - Mohamed Aghyad Al Kabbani
- Institute of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Thilo van Eimeren
- Multimodal Neuroimaging Group, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - Gilbert Wunderlich
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Rare Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Hans Zempel
- Institute of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany.
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany.
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Potdar C, Jagtap S, Singh K, Yadav R, Pal PK, Datta I. Impaired Sonic Hedgehog Responsiveness of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Floor Plate Cells Carrying the LRRK2-I1371V Mutation Contributes to the Ontogenic Origin of Lower Dopaminergic Neuron Yield. Stem Cells Dev 2024; 33:306-320. [PMID: 38753688 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2023.0283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Lower population of dopaminergic (DA) neurons is known to increase susceptibility to Parkinson's disease (PD), and our earlier study showed a lower yield of DA neurons in Leucine-Rich Repeat Kinase Isoleucine 1371 Valine (LRRK2-I1371V) mutation-carrying PD patient-derived induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs). Although the role of Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) in DA neurogenesis of floor plate cells (FPCs) is known, the effect of LRRK2 mutations on SHH responsiveness of FPCs impacting DA neuronal yield has not been studied. We investigated SHH responsiveness of FPCs derived from LRRK2-I1371V PD patient iPSCs with regard to the expression of SHH receptors Patched1 (Ptch1) and Smoothened (Smo), in conjunction with nuclear Gli1 (glioma-associated oncogene 1) expression, intracellular Ca2+ rise, and cytosolic cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels upon SHH induction. In addition, we examined the mechanistic link with LRRK2-I1371V gain-of-function by assessing membrane fluidity and Rab8A and Rab10 phosphorylation in SH-SY5Y cells and healthy control (HC) FPCs overexpressing LRRK2-I1371V as well as FPCs. Although total expression of Ptch1 and Smo was comparable, receptor expression on cell surface was significantly lower in LRRK2-I1371V FPCs than in HC FPCs, with distinctly lower nuclear expression of the downstream transcription factor Gli1. HC-FPCs transfected with LRRK2-I1371V exhibited a similarly reduced cell surface expression of Ptch1 and Smo. Intracellular Ca2+ response was significantly lower with corresponding elevated cAMP levels in LRRK2-I1371V FPCs compared with HC FPCs upon SHH stimulation. The LRRK2-I1371V mutant FPCs and LRRK2-I1371V-transfected SH-SY5Y and HC FPCs too exhibited higher autophosphorylation of phospho LRRK2 (pLRRK2) serine1292 and serine935, as well as substrate phosphorylation of Rab8A and Rab10. Concurrent increase in membrane fluidity, accompanied by a decrease in membrane cholesterol, and lower expression of lipid raft marker caveolin 1 were also observed in them. These findings suggest that impaired SHH responsiveness of LRRK2-I1371V PD FPCs indeed leads to lower yield of DA neurons during ontogeny. Reduced cell surface expression of SHH receptors is influenced by alteration in membrane fluidity owing to the increased substrate phosphorylation of Rab8A and reduced membrane protein trafficking due to pRab10, both results of the LRRK2-I1371V mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandrakanta Potdar
- Department of Biophysics, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Institute of National Importance, Bengaluru, India
| | - Soham Jagtap
- Department of Biophysics, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Institute of National Importance, Bengaluru, India
| | - Khushboo Singh
- Department of Biophysics, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Institute of National Importance, Bengaluru, India
| | - Ravi Yadav
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Institute of National Importance, Bengaluru, India
| | - Pramod Kumar Pal
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Institute of National Importance, Bengaluru, India
| | - Indrani Datta
- Department of Biophysics, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Institute of National Importance, Bengaluru, India
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10
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Wu LY, Real R, Martinez-Carrasco A, Chia R, Lawton MA, Shoai M, Bresner C, Blauwendraat C, Singleton AB, Ryten M, Scholz SW, Traynor BJ, Williams NM, Hu MTM, Ben-Shlomo Y, Grosset DG, Hardy J, Morris HR. Investigation of the genetic aetiology of Lewy body diseases with and without dementia. Brain Commun 2024; 6:fcae190. [PMID: 38978726 PMCID: PMC11228432 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcae190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Up to 80% of Parkinson's disease patients develop dementia, but time to dementia varies widely from motor symptom onset. Dementia with Lewy bodies presents with clinical features similar to Parkinson's disease dementia, but cognitive impairment precedes or coincides with motor onset. It remains controversial whether dementia with Lewy bodies and Parkinson's disease dementia are distinct conditions or represent part of a disease spectrum. The biological mechanisms underlying disease heterogeneity, in particular the development of dementia, remain poorly understood, but will likely be the key to understanding disease pathways and, ultimately, therapy development. Previous genome-wide association studies in Parkinson's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies/Parkinson's disease dementia have identified risk loci differentiating patients from controls. We collated data for 7804 patients of European ancestry from Tracking Parkinson's, The Oxford Discovery Cohort, and Accelerating Medicine Partnership-Parkinson's Disease Initiative. We conducted a discrete phenotype genome-wide association study comparing Lewy body diseases with and without dementia to decode disease heterogeneity by investigating the genetic drivers of dementia in Lewy body diseases. We found that risk allele rs429358 tagging APOEe4 increases the odds of developing dementia, and that rs7668531 near the MMRN1 and SNCA-AS1 genes and an intronic variant rs17442721 tagging LRRK2 G2019S on chromosome 12 are protective against dementia. These results should be validated in autopsy-confirmed cases in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesley Yue Wu
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK
- UCL Movement Disorders Centre, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Raquel Real
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK
- UCL Movement Disorders Centre, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Alejandro Martinez-Carrasco
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK
- UCL Movement Disorders Centre, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Ruth Chia
- Neuromuscular Diseases Research Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Michael A Lawton
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2PS, UK
| | - Maryam Shoai
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Catherine Bresner
- Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Cornelis Blauwendraat
- Integrative Neurogenomics Unit, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
- Center for Alzheimer’s and Related Dementias, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Andrew B Singleton
- Center for Alzheimer’s and Related Dementias, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mina Ryten
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at The University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sonja W Scholz
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Bryan J Traynor
- Neuromuscular Diseases Research Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Reta Lila Weston Institute, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 1PJ, UK
| | - Nigel M Williams
- Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Michele T M Hu
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Clinical Neurology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
- Oxford Parkinson’s Disease Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Yoav Ben-Shlomo
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2PS, UK
| | - Donald G Grosset
- School of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - John Hardy
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Reta Lila Weston Institute, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 1PJ, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, London W1T 7DN, UK
- Institute for Advanced Study, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Huw R Morris
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK
- UCL Movement Disorders Centre, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
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11
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Fang P, Yu LW, Espey H, Agirman G, Kazmi SA, Li K, Deng Y, Lee J, Hrncir H, Romero-Lopez A, Arnold AP, Hsiao EY. Sex-dependent interactions between prodromal intestinal inflammation and LRRK2 G2019S in mice promote endophenotypes of Parkinson's disease. Commun Biol 2024; 7:570. [PMID: 38750146 PMCID: PMC11096388 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06256-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) disruptions and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are commonly associated with Parkinson's disease (PD), but how they may impact risk for PD remains poorly understood. Herein, we provide evidence that prodromal intestinal inflammation expedites and exacerbates PD endophenotypes in rodent carriers of the human PD risk allele LRRK2 G2019S in a sex-dependent manner. Chronic intestinal damage in genetically predisposed male mice promotes α-synuclein aggregation in the substantia nigra, loss of dopaminergic neurons and motor impairment. This male bias is preserved in gonadectomized males, and similarly conferred by sex chromosomal complement in gonadal females expressing human LRRK2 G2019S. The early onset and heightened severity of neuropathological and behavioral outcomes in male LRRK2 G2019S mice is preceded by increases in α-synuclein in the colon, α-synuclein-positive macrophages in the colonic lamina propria, and loads of phosphorylated α-synuclein within microglia in the substantia nigra. Taken together, these data reveal that prodromal intestinal inflammation promotes the pathogenesis of PD endophenotypes in male carriers of LRRK2 G2019S, through mechanisms that depend on genotypic sex and involve early accumulation of α-synuclein in myeloid cells within the gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Fang
- Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | - Lewis W Yu
- Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Hannah Espey
- Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Gulistan Agirman
- Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Sabeen A Kazmi
- Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Kai Li
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel & Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
- Research Division of Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Yongning Deng
- Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jamie Lee
- Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Haley Hrncir
- Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Arlene Romero-Lopez
- UCLA Goodman-Luskin Microbiome Center, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Arthur P Arnold
- Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Elaine Y Hsiao
- Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
- UCLA Goodman-Luskin Microbiome Center, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
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12
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Li W, Li JY. Overlaps and divergences between tauopathies and synucleinopathies: a duet of neurodegeneration. Transl Neurodegener 2024; 13:16. [PMID: 38528629 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-024-00407-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Proteinopathy, defined as the abnormal accumulation of proteins that eventually leads to cell death, is one of the most significant pathological features of neurodegenerative diseases. Tauopathies, represented by Alzheimer's disease (AD), and synucleinopathies, represented by Parkinson's disease (PD), show similarities in multiple aspects. AD manifests extrapyramidal symptoms while dementia is also a major sign of advanced PD. We and other researchers have sequentially shown the cross-seeding phenomenon of α-synuclein (α-syn) and tau, reinforcing pathologies between synucleinopathies and tauopathies. The highly overlapping clinical and pathological features imply shared pathogenic mechanisms between the two groups of disease. The diagnostic and therapeutic strategies seemingly appropriate for one distinct neurodegenerative disease may also apply to a broader spectrum. Therefore, a clear understanding of the overlaps and divergences between tauopathy and synucleinopathy is critical for unraveling the nature of the complicated associations among neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we discuss the shared and diverse characteristics of tauopathies and synucleinopathies from aspects of genetic causes, clinical manifestations, pathological progression and potential common therapeutic approaches targeting the pathology, in the aim to provide a timely update for setting the scheme of disease classification and provide novel insights into the therapeutic development for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Li
- Health Sciences Institute, Key Laboratory of Major Chronic Diseases of Nervous System of Liaoning Province, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Jia-Yi Li
- Health Sciences Institute, Key Laboratory of Major Chronic Diseases of Nervous System of Liaoning Province, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China.
- Neural Plasticity and Repair Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Lund University, BMC A10, 22184, Lund, Sweden.
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13
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Nazeen S, Wang X, Zielinski D, Lam I, Hallacli E, Xu P, Ethier E, Strom R, Zanella CA, Nithianandam V, Ritter D, Henderson A, Saurat N, Afroz J, Nutter-Upham A, Benyamini H, Copty J, Ravishankar S, Morrow A, Mitchel J, Neavin D, Gupta R, Farbehi N, Grundman J, Myers RH, Scherzer CR, Trojanowski JQ, Van Deerlin VM, Cooper AA, Lee EB, Erlich Y, Lindquist S, Peng J, Geschwind DH, Powell J, Studer L, Feany MB, Sunyaev SR, Khurana V. Deep sequencing of proteotoxicity modifier genes uncovers a Presenilin-2/beta-amyloid-actin genetic risk module shared among alpha-synucleinopathies. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.03.583145. [PMID: 38496508 PMCID: PMC10942362 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.03.583145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Whether neurodegenerative diseases linked to misfolding of the same protein share genetic risk drivers or whether different protein-aggregation pathologies in neurodegeneration are mechanistically related remains uncertain. Conventional genetic analyses are underpowered to address these questions. Through careful selection of patients based on protein aggregation phenotype (rather than clinical diagnosis) we can increase statistical power to detect associated variants in a targeted set of genes that modify proteotoxicities. Genetic modifiers of alpha-synuclein (ɑS) and beta-amyloid (Aβ) cytotoxicity in yeast are enriched in risk factors for Parkinson's disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD), respectively. Here, along with known AD/PD risk genes, we deeply sequenced exomes of 430 ɑS/Aβ modifier genes in patients across alpha-synucleinopathies (PD, Lewy body dementia and multiple system atrophy). Beyond known PD genes GBA1 and LRRK2, rare variants AD genes (CD33, CR1 and PSEN2) and Aβ toxicity modifiers involved in RhoA/actin cytoskeleton regulation (ARGHEF1, ARHGEF28, MICAL3, PASK, PKN2, PSEN2) were shared risk factors across synucleinopathies. Actin pathology occurred in iPSC synucleinopathy models and RhoA downregulation exacerbated ɑS pathology. Even in sporadic PD, the expression of these genes was altered across CNS cell types. Genome-wide CRISPR screens revealed the essentiality of PSEN2 in both human cortical and dopaminergic neurons, and PSEN2 mutation carriers exhibited diffuse brainstem and cortical synucleinopathy independent of AD pathology. PSEN2 contributes to a common-risk signal in PD GWAS and regulates ɑS expression in neurons. Our results identify convergent mechanisms across synucleinopathies, some shared with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumaiya Nazeen
- Division of Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xinyuan Wang
- Division of Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dina Zielinski
- Division of Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Whitehead Institute of Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Isabel Lam
- Division of Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Erinc Hallacli
- Division of Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ping Xu
- Division of Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Ethier
- Division of Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ronya Strom
- Division of Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Camila A Zanella
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vanitha Nithianandam
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dylan Ritter
- The Center for Stem Cell Biology, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexander Henderson
- The Center for Stem Cell Biology, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nathalie Saurat
- The Center for Stem Cell Biology, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jalwa Afroz
- The Center for Stem Cell Biology, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Hadar Benyamini
- Whitehead Institute of Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Joseph Copty
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Autumn Morrow
- Division of Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jonathan Mitchel
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Health Sciences & Technology, Harvard Medical School & Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, MA
| | - Drew Neavin
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Renuka Gupta
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nona Farbehi
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jennifer Grundman
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Richard H Myers
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Clemens R Scherzer
- Division of Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - John Q Trojanowski
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Vivianna M Van Deerlin
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Antony A Cooper
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Edward B Lee
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yaniv Erlich
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Susan Lindquist
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jian Peng
- Department of Computer Science, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Daniel H Geschwind
- Center for Autism Research and Treatment, Semel Institute, Program in Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology and Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Joseph Powell
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Lorenz Studer
- The Center for Stem Cell Biology, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY, USA
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Mel B Feany
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Shamil R Sunyaev
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Vikram Khurana
- Division of Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
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14
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Lubben N, Brynildsen JK, Webb CM, Li HL, Leyns CEG, Changolkar L, Zhang B, Meymand ES, O'Reilly M, Madaj Z, DeWeerd D, Fell MJ, Lee VMY, Bassett DS, Henderson MX. LRRK2 kinase inhibition reverses G2019S mutation-dependent effects on tau pathology progression. Transl Neurodegener 2024; 13:13. [PMID: 38438877 PMCID: PMC10910783 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-024-00403-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutations in leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) are the most common cause of familial Parkinson's disease (PD). These mutations elevate the LRRK2 kinase activity, making LRRK2 kinase inhibitors an attractive therapeutic. LRRK2 kinase activity has been consistently linked to specific cell signaling pathways, mostly related to organelle trafficking and homeostasis, but its relationship to PD pathogenesis has been more difficult to define. LRRK2-PD patients consistently present with loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra but show variable development of Lewy body or tau tangle pathology. Animal models carrying LRRK2 mutations do not develop robust PD-related phenotypes spontaneously, hampering the assessment of the efficacy of LRRK2 inhibitors against disease processes. We hypothesized that mutations in LRRK2 may not be directly related to a single disease pathway, but instead may elevate the susceptibility to multiple disease processes, depending on the disease trigger. To test this hypothesis, we have previously evaluated progression of α-synuclein and tau pathologies following injection of proteopathic seeds. We demonstrated that transgenic mice overexpressing mutant LRRK2 show alterations in the brain-wide progression of pathology, especially at older ages. METHODS Here, we assess tau pathology progression in relation to long-term LRRK2 kinase inhibition. Wild-type or LRRK2G2019S knock-in mice were injected with tau fibrils and treated with control diet or diet containing LRRK2 kinase inhibitor MLi-2 targeting the IC50 or IC90 of LRRK2 for 3-6 months. Mice were evaluated for tau pathology by brain-wide quantitative pathology in 844 brain regions and subsequent linear diffusion modeling of progression. RESULTS Consistent with our previous work, we found systemic alterations in the progression of tau pathology in LRRK2G2019S mice, which were most pronounced at 6 months. Importantly, LRRK2 kinase inhibition reversed these effects in LRRK2G2019S mice, but had minimal effect in wild-type mice, suggesting that LRRK2 kinase inhibition is likely to reverse specific disease processes in G2019S mutation carriers. Additional work may be necessary to determine the potential effect in non-carriers. CONCLUSIONS This work supports a protective role of LRRK2 kinase inhibition in G2019S carriers and provides a rational workflow for systematic evaluation of brain-wide phenotypes in therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah Lubben
- Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, 333 Bostwick Ave NE, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, 20815, USA
| | - Julia K Brynildsen
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, 20815, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Connor M Webb
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, Institute On Aging and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Howard L Li
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, Institute On Aging and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Cheryl E G Leyns
- Neuroscience Discovery, Merck & Co., Inc., Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Lakshmi Changolkar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, Institute On Aging and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, Institute On Aging and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Emily S Meymand
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, Institute On Aging and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Mia O'Reilly
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Zach Madaj
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Core, Van Andel Institute, 333 Bostwick Ave., NE, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
| | - Daniella DeWeerd
- Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, 333 Bostwick Ave NE, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, 20815, USA
| | - Matthew J Fell
- Neuroscience Discovery, Merck & Co., Inc., Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Virginia M Y Lee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, Institute On Aging and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Dani S Bassett
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, 20815, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM, 87501, USA
| | - Michael X Henderson
- Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, 333 Bostwick Ave NE, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA.
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, 20815, USA.
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15
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Bahnassawy L, Nicolaisen N, Untucht C, Mielich-Süss B, Reinhardt L, Ried JS, Morawe MP, Geist D, Finck A, Käfer E, Korffmann J, Townsend M, Ravikumar B, Lakics V, Cik M, Reinhardt P. Establishment of a high-content imaging assay for tau aggregation in hiPSC-derived neurons differentiated from two protocols to routinely evaluate compounds and genetic perturbations. SLAS DISCOVERY : ADVANCING LIFE SCIENCES R & D 2024; 29:100137. [PMID: 38128829 DOI: 10.1016/j.slasd.2023.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant protein aggregation is a pathological cellular hallmark of many neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD), where the tau protein is aggregating, forming neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), and propagating from neuron to neuron. These processes have been linked to disease progression and a decline in cognitive function. Various therapeutic approaches aim at the prevention or reduction of tau aggregates in neurons. Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) are a very valuable tool in neuroscience discovery, as they offer access to potentially unlimited amounts of cell types that are affected in disease, including cortical neurons, for in vitro studies. We have generated an in vitro model for tau aggregation that uses hiPSC - derived neurons expressing an aggregation prone, fluorescently tagged version of the human tau protein after lentiviral transduction. Upon addition of tau seeds in the form of recombinant sonicated paired helical filaments (sPHFs), the neurons show robust, disease-like aggregation of the tau protein. The model was developed as a plate-based high content screening assay coupled with an image analysis algorithm to evaluate the impact of small molecules or genetic perturbations on tau. We show that the assay can be used to evaluate small molecules or screen targeted compound libraries. Using siRNA-based gene knockdown, genes of interest can be evaluated, and we could show that a targeted gene library can be screened, by screening nearly 100 deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) in that assay. The assay uses an imaging-based readout, a relatively short timeline, quantifies the extent of tau aggregation, and also allows the assessment of cell viability. Furthermore, it can be easily adapted to different hiPSC lines or neuronal subtypes. Taken together, this complex and highly relevant approach can be routinely applied on a weekly basis in the screening funnels of several projects and generates data with a turnaround time of approximately five weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamiaa Bahnassawy
- Neuroscience Discovery, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co KG, Knollstrasse, 67061 Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany
| | - Nathalie Nicolaisen
- Neuroscience Discovery, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co KG, Knollstrasse, 67061 Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany
| | - Christopher Untucht
- Neuroscience Discovery, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co KG, Knollstrasse, 67061 Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany
| | - Benjamin Mielich-Süss
- Neuroscience Discovery, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co KG, Knollstrasse, 67061 Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany
| | - Lydia Reinhardt
- Neuroscience Discovery, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co KG, Knollstrasse, 67061 Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany
| | - Janina S Ried
- Genomics Research Center, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co KG, Knollstrasse, 67061 Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany
| | - Martina P Morawe
- Neuroscience Discovery, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co KG, Knollstrasse, 67061 Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany
| | - Daniela Geist
- Neuroscience Discovery, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co KG, Knollstrasse, 67061 Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany
| | - Anja Finck
- Neuroscience Discovery, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co KG, Knollstrasse, 67061 Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany
| | - Elke Käfer
- Neuroscience Discovery, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co KG, Knollstrasse, 67061 Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany
| | - Jürgen Korffmann
- Neuroscience Discovery, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co KG, Knollstrasse, 67061 Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany
| | - Matthew Townsend
- Cambridge Research Center, AbbVie Inc., 200 Sidney Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Brinda Ravikumar
- Cambridge Research Center, AbbVie Inc., 200 Sidney Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Viktor Lakics
- Neuroscience Discovery, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co KG, Knollstrasse, 67061 Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany
| | - Miroslav Cik
- Neuroscience Discovery, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co KG, Knollstrasse, 67061 Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany.
| | - Peter Reinhardt
- Neuroscience Discovery, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co KG, Knollstrasse, 67061 Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany.
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16
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Mamais A, Sanyal A, Fajfer A, Zykoski CG, Guldin M, Riley-DiPaolo A, Subrahmanian N, Gibbs W, Lin S, LaVoie MJ. The LRRK2 kinase substrates RAB8a and RAB10 contribute complementary but distinct disease-relevant phenotypes in human neurons. Stem Cell Reports 2024; 19:163-173. [PMID: 38307024 PMCID: PMC10874859 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2024.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the LRRK2 gene cause familial Parkinson's disease presenting with pleomorphic neuropathology that can involve α-synuclein or tau accumulation. LRRK2 mutations are thought to converge upon a pathogenic increase in LRRK2 kinase activity. A subset of small RAB GTPases has been identified as LRRK2 substrates, with LRRK2-dependent phosphorylation resulting in RAB inactivation. We used CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing to generate a novel series of isogenic iPSC lines deficient in the two most well-validated LRRK2 substrates, RAB8a and RAB10, from deeply phenotyped healthy control lines. Thorough characterization of NGN2-induced neurons revealed opposing effects of RAB8a and RAB10 deficiency on lysosomal pH and Golgi organization, with isolated effects of RAB8a and RAB10 ablation on α-synuclein and tau, respectively. Our data demonstrate largely antagonistic effects of genetic RAB8a or RAB10 inactivation, which provide discrete insight into the pathologic features of their biochemical inactivation by pathogenic LRRK2 mutation in human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adamantios Mamais
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease and Fixel Institute for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Anwesha Sanyal
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, and Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Austin Fajfer
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease and Fixel Institute for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Catherine G Zykoski
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease and Fixel Institute for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Michael Guldin
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease and Fixel Institute for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | - Nitya Subrahmanian
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease and Fixel Institute for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Whitney Gibbs
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Steven Lin
- Ann Romney Center for Neurological Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matthew J LaVoie
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease and Fixel Institute for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, and Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
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17
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Chu Y, Hirst WD, Federoff HJ, Harms AS, Stoessl AJ, Kordower JH. Nigrostriatal tau pathology in parkinsonism and Parkinson's disease. Brain 2024; 147:444-457. [PMID: 38006313 PMCID: PMC10834249 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awad388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023] Open
Abstract
While Parkinson's disease remains clinically defined by cardinal motor symptoms resulting from nigrostriatal degeneration, it is now appreciated that the disease commonly consists of multiple pathologies, but it is unclear where these co-pathologies occur early in disease and whether they are responsible for the nigrostriatal degeneration. For the past number of years, we have been studying a well-characterized cohort of subjects with motor impairment that we have termed mild motor deficits. Motor deficits were determined on a modified and validated Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale III but were insufficient in degree to diagnose Parkinson's disease. However, in our past studies, cases in this cohort had a selection bias, as both a clinical syndrome in between no motor deficits and Parkinson's disease, plus nigral Lewy pathology as defined post-mortem, were required for inclusion. Therefore, in the current study, we only based inclusion on the presence of a clinical phenotype with mild motor impairment insufficient to diagnose Parkinson's disease. Then, we divided this group further based upon whether or not subjects had a synucleinopathy in the nigrostriatal system. Here we demonstrate that loss of nigral dopaminergic neurons, loss of putamenal dopaminergic innervation and loss of the tyrosine hydroxylase-phenotype in the substantia nigra and putamen occur equally in mild motor deficit groups with and without nigral alpha-synuclein aggregates. Indeed, the common feature of these two groups is that both have similar degrees of AT8 positive phosphorylated tau, a pathology not seen in the nigrostriatal system of age-matched controls. These findings were confirmed with early (tau Ser208 phosphorylation) and late (tau Ser396/Ser404 phosphorylation) tau markers. This suggests that the initiation of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurodegeneration occurs independently of alpha-synuclein aggregation and can be tau mediated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Chu
- ASU-Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - Warren D Hirst
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Unit, Biogen, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Howard J Federoff
- Neurology, School of Medicine, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007, USA
| | - Ashley S Harms
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - A Jon Stoessl
- Pacific Parkinson’s Research Centre and Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Jeffrey H Kordower
- ASU-Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
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18
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Byeon S, Yadav S. Pleiotropic functions of TAO kinases and their dysregulation in neurological disorders. Sci Signal 2024; 17:eadg0876. [PMID: 38166033 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.adg0876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
Thousand and one amino acid kinases (TAOKs) are relatively understudied and functionally pleiotropic protein kinases that have emerged as important regulators of neurodevelopment. Through their conserved amino-terminal catalytic domain, TAOKs mediate phosphorylation at serine/threonine residues in their substrates, but it is their divergent regulatory carboxyl-terminal domains that confer both exquisite functional specification and cellular localization. In this Review, we discuss the physiological roles of TAOKs and the intricate signaling pathways, molecular interactions, and cellular behaviors they modulate-from cell stress responses, division, and motility to tissue homeostasis, immunity, and neurodevelopment. These insights are then integrated into an analysis of the known and potential impacts of disease-associated variants of TAOKs, with a focus on neurodevelopmental disorders, pain and addiction, and neurodegenerative diseases. Translating this foundation into clinical benefits for patients will require greater structural and functional differentiation of the TAOKs afforded by their individually specialized domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujin Byeon
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Smita Yadav
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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19
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Walker L, Attems J. Prevalence of Concomitant Pathologies in Parkinson's Disease: Implications for Prognosis, Diagnosis, and Insights into Common Pathogenic Mechanisms. JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2024; 14:35-52. [PMID: 38143370 PMCID: PMC10836576 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-230154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Pathologies characteristic of Alzheimer's disease (i.e., hyperphosphorylated tau and amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques), cardiovascular disease, and limbic predominant TDP-43 encephalopathy (LATE) often co-exist in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), in addition to Lewy body pathology (α-synuclein). Numerous studies point to a putative synergistic relationship between hyperphosphorylation tau, Aβ, cardiovascular lesions, and TDP-43 with α-synuclein, which may alter the stereotypical pattern of pathological progression and accelerate cognitive decline. Here we discuss the prevalence and relationships between common concomitant pathologies observed in PD. In addition, we highlight shared genetic risk factors and developing biomarkers that may provide better diagnostic accuracy for patients with PD that have co-existing pathologies. The tremendous heterogeneity observed across the PD spectrum is most likely caused by the complex interplay between pathogenic, genetic, and environmental factors, and increasing our understanding of how these relate to idiopathic PD will drive research into finding accurate diagnostic tools and disease modifying therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Walker
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Johannes Attems
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
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20
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Altay MF, Kumar ST, Burtscher J, Jagannath S, Strand C, Miki Y, Parkkinen L, Holton JL, Lashuel HA. Development and validation of an expanded antibody toolset that captures alpha-synuclein pathological diversity in Lewy body diseases. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2023; 9:161. [PMID: 38062007 PMCID: PMC10703845 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-023-00604-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The abnormal aggregation and accumulation of alpha-synuclein (aSyn) in the brain is a defining hallmark of synucleinopathies. Various aSyn conformations and post-translationally modified forms accumulate in pathological inclusions and vary in abundance among these disorders. Relying on antibodies that have not been assessed for their ability to detect the diverse forms of aSyn may lead to inaccurate estimations of aSyn pathology in human brains or disease models. To address this challenge, we developed and characterized an expanded antibody panel that targets different sequences and post-translational modifications along the length of aSyn, and that recognizes all monomeric, oligomeric, and fibrillar aSyn conformations. Next, we profiled aSyn pathology across sporadic and familial Lewy body diseases (LBDs) and reveal heterogeneous forms of aSyn pathology, rich in Serine 129 phosphorylation, Tyrosine 39 nitration and N- and C-terminal tyrosine phosphorylations, scattered both to neurons and glia. In addition, we show that aSyn can become hyperphosphorylated during processes of aggregation and inclusion maturation in neuronal and animal models of aSyn seeding and spreading. The validation pipeline we describe for these antibodies paves the way for systematic investigations into aSyn pathological diversity in the human brain, peripheral tissues, as well as in cellular and animal models of synucleinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melek Firat Altay
- Laboratory of Molecular and Chemical Biology of Neurodegeneration, Brain Mind Institute, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Human Genetics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Senthil T Kumar
- Laboratory of Molecular and Chemical Biology of Neurodegeneration, Brain Mind Institute, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Johannes Burtscher
- Laboratory of Molecular and Chemical Biology of Neurodegeneration, Brain Mind Institute, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Somanath Jagannath
- Laboratory of Molecular and Chemical Biology of Neurodegeneration, Brain Mind Institute, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Catherine Strand
- Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, England
| | - Yasuo Miki
- Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, England
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Brain Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, 036-8562, Japan
| | - Laura Parkkinen
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Janice L Holton
- Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, England
| | - Hilal A Lashuel
- Laboratory of Molecular and Chemical Biology of Neurodegeneration, Brain Mind Institute, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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21
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Chen K, Tang F, Du B, Yue Z, Jiao L, Ding X, Tuo Q, Meng J, He S, Dai L, Lei P, Wei X. Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) inhibition upregulates microtubule-associated protein 1B to ameliorate lysosomal dysfunction and parkinsonism. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e429. [PMID: 38020716 PMCID: PMC10661827 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in LRRK2 (encoding leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 protein, LRRK2) are the most common genetic risk factors for Parkinson's disease (PD), and increased LRRK2 kinase activity was observed in sporadic PD. Therefore, inhibition of LRRK2 has been tested as a disease-modifying therapeutic strategy using the LRRK2 mutant mice and sporadic PD. Here, we report a newly designed molecule, FL090, as a LRRK2 kinase inhibitor, verified in cell culture and animal models of PD. Using the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine mice and SNCA A53T transgenic mice, FL090 ameliorated motor dysfunctions, reduced LRRK2 kinase activity, and rescued loss in the dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Notably, by RNA-Seq analysis, we identified microtubule-associated protein 1 (MAP1B) as a crucial mediator of FL090's neuroprotective effects and found that MAP1B and LRRK2 co-localize. Overexpression of MAP1B rescued 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium induced cytotoxicity through rescuing the lysosomal function, and the protective effect of FL090 was lost in MAP1B knockout cells. Further studies may be focused on the in vivo mechanisms of MAP1B and microtubule function in PD. Collectively, these findings highlight the potential of FL090 as a therapeutic agent for sporadic PD and familial PD without LRRK2 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Chen
- Department of Neurology and State Key Laboratory of BiotherapyNational Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsWest China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Center for BiotherapyChengduP. R. China
| | - Fei Tang
- Department of Neurology and State Key Laboratory of BiotherapyNational Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsWest China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Center for BiotherapyChengduP. R. China
| | - Bin Du
- Department of Neurology and State Key Laboratory of BiotherapyNational Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsWest China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Center for BiotherapyChengduP. R. China
| | - Zhe‐Zhou Yue
- Guizhou Yiluoqini Techno. Co., Ltd, Guizhou Shuanglong Airport Economic ZoneGuiyangP. R. China
| | - Ling‐Ling Jiao
- Department of Neurology and State Key Laboratory of BiotherapyNational Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsWest China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Center for BiotherapyChengduP. R. China
| | - Xu‐Long Ding
- Department of Neurology and State Key Laboratory of BiotherapyNational Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsWest China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Center for BiotherapyChengduP. R. China
| | - Qing‐Zhang Tuo
- Department of Neurology and State Key Laboratory of BiotherapyNational Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsWest China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Center for BiotherapyChengduP. R. China
| | - Jie Meng
- Department of Neurology and State Key Laboratory of BiotherapyNational Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsWest China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Center for BiotherapyChengduP. R. China
| | - Si‐Yu He
- Department of Neurology and State Key Laboratory of BiotherapyNational Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsWest China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Center for BiotherapyChengduP. R. China
| | - Lunzhi Dai
- Department of Neurology and State Key Laboratory of BiotherapyNational Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsWest China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Center for BiotherapyChengduP. R. China
| | - Peng Lei
- Department of Neurology and State Key Laboratory of BiotherapyNational Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsWest China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Center for BiotherapyChengduP. R. China
| | - Xia‐Wei Wei
- Department of Neurology and State Key Laboratory of BiotherapyNational Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsWest China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Center for BiotherapyChengduP. R. China
- Guizhou Yiluoqini Techno. Co., Ltd, Guizhou Shuanglong Airport Economic ZoneGuiyangP. R. China
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22
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Donison N, Hintermayer M, Subramaniam M, Santandrea E, Volkening K, Strong MJ. Upregulation of LRRK2 following traumatic brain injury does not directly phosphorylate Thr 175 tau. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1272899. [PMID: 38026695 PMCID: PMC10663351 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1272899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphorylated microtubule-associated protein tau (tau) aggregates are a pathological hallmark of various neurodegenerative diseases, including chronic traumatic encephalopathy and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with cognitive impairment. While there are many residues phosphorylated on tau, phosphorylation of threonine 175 (pThr175 tau) has been shown to initiate fibril formation in vitro and is present in pathological tau aggregates in vivo. Given this, preventing Thr175 tau phosphorylation presents a potential approach to reduce fibril formation; however, the kinase(s) acting on Thr175 are not yet fully defined. Using a single controlled cortical impact rodent model of traumatic brain injury (TBI), which rapidly induces Thr175 tau phosphorylation, we observed an upregulation and alteration in subcellular localization of leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2), a kinase that has been implicated in tau phosphorylation. LRRK2 upregulation was evident by one-day post-injury and persisted to day 10. The most notable changes were observed in microglia at the site of injury in the cortex. To determine if the appearance of pThr175 tau was causally related to the upregulation of LRRK2 expression, we examined the ability of LRRK2 to phosphorylate Thr175in vitro by co-transfecting 2N4R human WT-tau with either LRRK2-WT, constitutively-active LRRK2-G2019S or inactive LRRK2-3XKD. We found no significant difference in the level of pThr175 tau between the overexpression of LRRK2-WT, -G2019S or -3XKD, suggesting LRRK2 does not phosphorylate tau at Thr175. Further, downstream events known to follow Thr175 phosphorylation and known to be associated with pathological tau fibril formation (pSer9-GSK3β and pThr231 tau induction) also remained unchanged. We conclude that while LRRK2 expression is altered in TBI, it does not contribute directly to pThr175 tau generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Donison
- Molecular Medicine Group, Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Matthew Hintermayer
- Molecular Medicine Group, Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Maegha Subramaniam
- Molecular Medicine Group, Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Erin Santandrea
- Molecular Medicine Group, Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Kathryn Volkening
- Molecular Medicine Group, Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Michael J. Strong
- Molecular Medicine Group, Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
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23
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Dues DJ, Ma Y, Nguyen APT, Offerman AV, Beddows I, Moore DJ. Formation of templated inclusions in a forebrain α-synuclein mouse model is independent of LRRK2. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 188:106338. [PMID: 38435455 PMCID: PMC10906965 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) and α-synuclein share enigmatic roles in the pathobiology of Parkinson's disease (PD). LRRK2 mutations are a common genetic cause of PD which, in addition to neurodegeneration, often present with abnormal deposits of α-synuclein in the form of Lewy-related pathology. As Lewy-related pathology is a prominent neuropathologic finding in sporadic PD, the relationship between LRRK2 and α-synuclein has garnered considerable interest. However, whether and how LRRK2 might influence the accumulation of Lewy-related pathology remains poorly understood. Through stereotactic injection of mouse α-synuclein pre-formed fibrils (PFF), we modeled the spread of Lewy-related pathology within forebrain regions where LRRK2 is most highly expressed. The impact of LRRK2 genotype on the formation of α-synuclein inclusions was evaluated at 1-month post-injection. Neither deletion of LRRK2 nor G2019S LRRK2 knockin appreciably altered the burden of α-synuclein pathology at this early timepoint. These observations fail to provide support for a robust pathophysiologic interaction between LRRK2 and α-synuclein in the forebrain in vivo. There was, however, a modest reduction in microglial activation induced by PFF delivery in the hippocampus of LRRK2 knockout mice, suggesting that LRRK2 may contribute to α-synuclein-induced neuroinflammation. Collectively, our data indicate that the pathological accumulation of α-synuclein in the mouse forebrain is largely independent of LRRK2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan J. Dues
- Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Yue Ma
- Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - An Phu Tran Nguyen
- Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Alina V. Offerman
- Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Ian Beddows
- Department of Epigenetics, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Darren J. Moore
- Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
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24
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Wu L, Real R, Martinez A, Chia R, Lawton MA, Shoai M, Bresner C, Hubbard L, Blauwendraat C, Singleton AB, Ryten M, Scholz SW, Traynor BJ, Williams N, Hu MTM, Ben-Shlomo Y, Grosset DG, Hardy J, Morris HR. Investigation of the genetic aetiology of Lewy body diseases with and without dementia. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.10.17.23297157. [PMID: 37987016 PMCID: PMC10659505 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.17.23297157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Up to 80% of Parkinson's disease patients develop dementia, but time to dementia varies widely from motor symptom onset. Dementia with Lewy bodies presents with clinical features similar to Parkinson's disease dementia, but cognitive impairment precedes or coincides with motor onset. It remains controversial whether dementia with Lewy bodies and Parkinson's disease dementia are distinct conditions or represent part of a disease spectrum. The biological mechanisms underlying disease heterogeneity, in particular the development of dementia, remain poorly understood, but will likely be key to understanding disease pathways and ultimately therapy development. Previous genome-wide association studies in Parkinson's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies/Parkinson's disease dementia have identified risk loci differentiating patients from controls. We collated data for 7,804 patients of European ancestry from Tracking Parkinson's (PRoBaND), The Oxford Discovery Cohort, and AMP-PD. We conducted a discrete phenotype genome-wide association studies comparing Lewy body diseases with and without dementia to decode disease heterogeneity by investigating the genetic drivers of dementia in Lewy body diseases. We found that risk alleles rs429358 tagging APOEe4 and rs7668531 near the MMRN1 and SNCA-AS1 genes, increase the odds of developing dementia and that an intronic variant rs17442721 tagging LRRK2 G2019S, on chromosome 12 is protective against dementia. These results should be validated in autopsy confirmed cases in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesley Wu
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK
- UCL Movement Disorders Centre, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, 20815, USA
| | - Raquel Real
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK
- UCL Movement Disorders Centre, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, 20815, USA
| | - Alejandro Martinez
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK
- UCL Movement Disorders Centre, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, 20815, USA
| | - Ruth Chia
- Neuromuscular Diseases Research Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michael A Lawton
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2PS, UK
| | - Maryam Shoai
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, 20815, USA
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Catherine Bresner
- Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Leon Hubbard
- Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Cornelis Blauwendraat
- Integrative Neurogenomics Unit, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Andrew B Singleton
- Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mina Ryten
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, 20815, USA
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
- NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Sonja W Scholz
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Unit, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Bryan J Traynor
- Neuromuscular Diseases Research Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Reta Lila Weston Institute, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 1PJ, UK
| | - Nigel Williams
- Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Michele T M Hu
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Clinical Neurology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Yoav Ben-Shlomo
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2PS, UK
| | - Donald G Grosset
- School of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G51 4TF, UK
| | - John Hardy
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, 20815, USA
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Reta Lila Weston Institute, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 1PJ, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, London W1T 7DN, UK
- Institute for Advanced Study, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Huw R Morris
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK
- UCL Movement Disorders Centre, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, 20815, USA
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25
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Tsukita K, Sakamaki-Tsukita H, Kaiser S, Zhang L, Messa M, Serrano-Fernandez P, Takahashi R. High-Throughput CSF Proteomics and Machine Learning to Identify Proteomic Signatures for Parkinson Disease Development and Progression. Neurology 2023; 101:e1434-e1447. [PMID: 37586882 PMCID: PMC10573147 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000207725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES This study aimed to identify CSF proteomic signatures characteristic of Parkinson disease (PD) and evaluate their clinical utility. METHODS This observational study used data from the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI), which enrolled patients with PD, healthy controls (HCs), and non-PD participants carrying GBA1, LRRK2, and/or SNCA pathogenic variants (genetic prodromals) at international sites. Study participants were chosen from PPMI enrollees based on the availability of aptamer-based CSF proteomic data, quantifying 4,071 proteins, and classified as patients with PD without GBA1, LRRK2, and/or SNCA pathogenic variants (nongenetic PD), HCs, patients with PD carrying the aforementioned pathogenic variants (genetic PD), or genetic prodromals. Differentially expressed protein (DEP) analysis and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) were applied to the data from nongenetic PD and HCs. Signatures characteristics of nongenetic PD were quantified as a PD proteomic score (PD-ProS), validated internally and then externally using data of 1,556 CSF proteins from the LRRK2 Cohort Consortium (LCC). We further tested the PD-ProS in genetic PD and genetic prodromals and examined associations with clinical progression. RESULTS Data from 279 patients with nongenetic PD (mean ± SD, age 62.0 ± 9.6 years; male 67.7%) and 141 HCs (age 60.5 ± 11.9 years; male 64.5%) were used for PD-ProS derivation. From 23 DEPs, LASSO determined weights of 14 DEPs for the PD-ProS (area under the curve [AUC] 0.83, 95% CI 0.78-0.87), validated in an independent internal validation cohort of 71 patients with nongenetic PD and 35 HCs (AUC 0.81, 95% CI 0.73-0.90). In the LCC, only 5 of the 14 DEPs were also measured. Notably, these 5 DEPs still distinguished 34 patients with nongenetic PD from 31 HCs with the same weights (AUC 0.75, 95% CI 0.63-0.87). Furthermore, the PD-ProS distinguished 258 patients with genetic PD from 365 genetic prodromals. Finally, regardless of genetic status, the PD-ProS independently predicted both cognitive and motor decline in PD (dementia, adjusted hazard ratio in the highest quintile [aHR-Q5] 2.8 [95% CI 1.6-5.0]; Hoehn and Yahr stage IV, aHR-Q5 2.1 [95% CI 1.1-4.0]). DISCUSSION By integrating high-throughput proteomics with machine learning, we identified PD-associated CSF proteomic signatures crucial for PD development and progression. TRIAL REGISTRATION INFORMATION ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01176565). A link to the trial registry page is clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01141023. CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE This study provides Class II evidence that the CSF proteome contains clinically important information regarding the development and progression of Parkinson disease that can be deciphered by a combination of high-throughput proteomics and machine learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuto Tsukita
- From the Department of Neurology (K.T., H.S.-T., R.T.), Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University; Advanced Comprehensive Research Organization (K.T.), Teikyo University, Itabashi; Division of Sleep Medicine (K.T.), Kansai Electric Power Medical Research Institute, Osaka, Japan; Translational Medicine Department (S.K., P.S.-F.), Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland; and Cardiovascular and Metabolism Department (L.Z.), and Neuroscience Department (M.M.), Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA.
| | - Haruhi Sakamaki-Tsukita
- From the Department of Neurology (K.T., H.S.-T., R.T.), Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University; Advanced Comprehensive Research Organization (K.T.), Teikyo University, Itabashi; Division of Sleep Medicine (K.T.), Kansai Electric Power Medical Research Institute, Osaka, Japan; Translational Medicine Department (S.K., P.S.-F.), Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland; and Cardiovascular and Metabolism Department (L.Z.), and Neuroscience Department (M.M.), Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA
| | - Sergio Kaiser
- From the Department of Neurology (K.T., H.S.-T., R.T.), Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University; Advanced Comprehensive Research Organization (K.T.), Teikyo University, Itabashi; Division of Sleep Medicine (K.T.), Kansai Electric Power Medical Research Institute, Osaka, Japan; Translational Medicine Department (S.K., P.S.-F.), Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland; and Cardiovascular and Metabolism Department (L.Z.), and Neuroscience Department (M.M.), Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA
| | - Luqing Zhang
- From the Department of Neurology (K.T., H.S.-T., R.T.), Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University; Advanced Comprehensive Research Organization (K.T.), Teikyo University, Itabashi; Division of Sleep Medicine (K.T.), Kansai Electric Power Medical Research Institute, Osaka, Japan; Translational Medicine Department (S.K., P.S.-F.), Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland; and Cardiovascular and Metabolism Department (L.Z.), and Neuroscience Department (M.M.), Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA
| | - Mirko Messa
- From the Department of Neurology (K.T., H.S.-T., R.T.), Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University; Advanced Comprehensive Research Organization (K.T.), Teikyo University, Itabashi; Division of Sleep Medicine (K.T.), Kansai Electric Power Medical Research Institute, Osaka, Japan; Translational Medicine Department (S.K., P.S.-F.), Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland; and Cardiovascular and Metabolism Department (L.Z.), and Neuroscience Department (M.M.), Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA
| | - Pablo Serrano-Fernandez
- From the Department of Neurology (K.T., H.S.-T., R.T.), Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University; Advanced Comprehensive Research Organization (K.T.), Teikyo University, Itabashi; Division of Sleep Medicine (K.T.), Kansai Electric Power Medical Research Institute, Osaka, Japan; Translational Medicine Department (S.K., P.S.-F.), Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland; and Cardiovascular and Metabolism Department (L.Z.), and Neuroscience Department (M.M.), Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA
| | - Ryosuke Takahashi
- From the Department of Neurology (K.T., H.S.-T., R.T.), Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University; Advanced Comprehensive Research Organization (K.T.), Teikyo University, Itabashi; Division of Sleep Medicine (K.T.), Kansai Electric Power Medical Research Institute, Osaka, Japan; Translational Medicine Department (S.K., P.S.-F.), Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland; and Cardiovascular and Metabolism Department (L.Z.), and Neuroscience Department (M.M.), Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA
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26
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Le Guen Y, Luo G, Ambati A, Damotte V, Jansen I, Yu E, Nicolas A, de Rojas I, Peixoto Leal T, Miyashita A, Bellenguez C, Lian MM, Parveen K, Morizono T, Park H, Grenier-Boley B, Naito T, Küçükali F, Talyansky SD, Yogeshwar SM, Sempere V, Satake W, Alvarez V, Arosio B, Belloy ME, Benussi L, Boland A, Borroni B, Bullido MJ, Caffarra P, Clarimon J, Daniele A, Darling D, Debette S, Deleuze JF, Dichgans M, Dufouil C, During E, Düzel E, Galimberti D, Garcia-Ribas G, García-Alberca JM, García-González P, Giedraitis V, Goldhardt O, Graff C, Grünblatt E, Hanon O, Hausner L, Heilmann-Heimbach S, Holstege H, Hort J, Jung YJ, Jürgen D, Kern S, Kuulasmaa T, Lee KH, Lin L, Masullo C, Mecocci P, Mehrabian S, de Mendonça A, Boada M, Mir P, Moebus S, Moreno F, Nacmias B, Nicolas G, Niida S, Nordestgaard BG, Papenberg G, Papma J, Parnetti L, Pasquier F, Pastor P, Peters O, Pijnenburg YAL, Piñol-Ripoll G, Popp J, Porcel LM, Puerta R, Pérez-Tur J, Rainero I, Ramakers I, Real LM, Riedel-Heller S, Rodriguez-Rodriguez E, Ross OA, Luís Royo J, Rujescu D, Scarmeas N, Scheltens P, Scherbaum N, Schneider A, Seripa D, Skoog I, Solfrizzi V, Spalletta G, Squassina A, van Swieten J, Sánchez-Valle R, Tan EK, Tegos T, Teunissen C, Thomassen JQ, Tremolizzo L, Vyhnalek M, Verhey F, Waern M, Wiltfang J, Zhang J, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, He Z, Williams J, Amouyel P, Jessen F, Kehoe PG, Andreassen OA, Van Duin C, Tsolaki M, Sánchez-Juan P, Frikke-Schmidt R, Sleegers K, Toda T, Zettergren A, Ingelsson M, Okada Y, Rossi G, Hiltunen M, Gim J, Ozaki K, Sims R, Foo JN, van der Flier W, Ikeuchi T, Ramirez A, Mata I, Ruiz A, Gan-Or Z, Lambert JC, Greicius MD, Mignot E. Multiancestry analysis of the HLA locus in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases uncovers a shared adaptive immune response mediated by HLA-DRB1*04 subtypes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2302720120. [PMID: 37643212 PMCID: PMC10483635 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2302720120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Across multiancestry groups, we analyzed Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) associations in over 176,000 individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) versus controls. We demonstrate that the two diseases share the same protective association at the HLA locus. HLA-specific fine-mapping showed that hierarchical protective effects of HLA-DRB1*04 subtypes best accounted for the association, strongest with HLA-DRB1*04:04 and HLA-DRB1*04:07, and intermediary with HLA-DRB1*04:01 and HLA-DRB1*04:03. The same signal was associated with decreased neurofibrillary tangles in postmortem brains and was associated with reduced tau levels in cerebrospinal fluid and to a lower extent with increased Aβ42. Protective HLA-DRB1*04 subtypes strongly bound the aggregation-prone tau PHF6 sequence, however only when acetylated at a lysine (K311), a common posttranslational modification central to tau aggregation. An HLA-DRB1*04-mediated adaptive immune response decreases PD and AD risks, potentially by acting against tau, offering the possibility of therapeutic avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yann Le Guen
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford94305, CA
- Institut du Cerveau–Paris Brain Institute–ICM, Paris75013, France
| | - Guo Luo
- Center for Sleep Sciences and Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto94304, CA
| | - Aditya Ambati
- Center for Sleep Sciences and Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto94304, CA
| | - Vincent Damotte
- Université de Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167-RID-AGE facteurs de risque et déterminants moléculaires des maladies liés au vieillissement, Lille59000, France
| | - Iris Jansen
- Department of Neurology, Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, 1081 HVAmsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije University, 1081 HVAmsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eric Yu
- The Neuro (Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital), Montreal, QuebecH3A 2B4, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QuebecH3A 0G4, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QuebecH3A 0G4, Canada
| | - Aude Nicolas
- Université de Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167-RID-AGE facteurs de risque et déterminants moléculaires des maladies liés au vieillissement, Lille59000, France
| | - Itziar de Rojas
- Research Center and Memory clinic Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona08029, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIRNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid28029, Spain
| | - Thiago Peixoto Leal
- Genomic Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland44196, OH
| | - Akinori Miyashita
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata950-218, Japan
| | - Céline Bellenguez
- Université de Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167-RID-AGE facteurs de risque et déterminants moléculaires des maladies liés au vieillissement, Lille59000, France
| | - Michelle Mulan Lian
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore308232, Singapore
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, Singapore138672, Singapore
| | - Kayenat Parveen
- Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne50937, Germany
- Department of Neurodegenerative diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Medical Faculty, Bonn53127, Germany
| | - Takashi Morizono
- Medical Genome Center, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu474-8511, Japan
| | - Hyeonseul Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, Chosun University, Gwangju61452, Korea
| | - Benjamin Grenier-Boley
- Université de Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167-RID-AGE facteurs de risque et déterminants moléculaires des maladies liés au vieillissement, Lille59000, France
| | - Tatsuhiko Naito
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita565-0871, Japan
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo192-0982, Japan
| | - Fahri Küçükali
- Complex Genetics of Alzheimer's Disease Group, VIB Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp2610, Belgium
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born–Bunge, Antwerp2610, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp2000, Belgium
| | - Seth D. Talyansky
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford94305, CA
| | - Selina Maria Yogeshwar
- Center for Sleep Sciences and Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto94304, CA
- Department of Neurology, Charité–Universitätsmedizin, Berlin10117, Germany
- Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Einstein Center for Neurosciences Berlin, Berlin10117, Germany
| | - Vicente Sempere
- Center for Sleep Sciences and Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto94304, CA
| | - Wataru Satake
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo192-0982, Japan
| | - Victoria Alvarez
- Laboratorio de Genética, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo33011, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo33011, Spain
| | - Beatrice Arosio
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan20122, Italy
| | - Michael E. Belloy
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford94305, CA
| | - Luisa Benussi
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia25125, Italy
| | - Anne Boland
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, Evry91057, France
| | - Barbara Borroni
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Centre for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Neurology Unit, University of Brescia, Brescia25123, Italy
| | - María J. Bullido
- Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIRNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid28029, Spain
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (UAM-CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid28049, Spain
- Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria "Hospital la Paz" (IdIPaz), Madrid48903, Spain
| | - Paolo Caffarra
- Unit of Neurology, University of Parma and AOU, Parma43121, Italy
| | - Jordi Clarimon
- Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIRNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid28029, Spain
- Department of Neurology, II B Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona08193, Spain
| | - Antonio Daniele
- Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome00168, Italy
- Neurology Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome00168, Italy
| | - Daniel Darling
- Center for Sleep Sciences and Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto94304, CA
| | - Stéphanie Debette
- University Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Bordeaux33000, France
- Department of Neurology, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux33400, France
| | - Jean-François Deleuze
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, Evry91057, France
| | - Martin Dichgans
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, 81377, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Munich37075, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology, Munich81377, Germany
| | - Carole Dufouil
- Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR 1219, Univ. Bordeaux, ISPED, CIC 1401-EC, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux33405, France
- CHU de Bordeaux, Pole santé publique, Bordeaux33400, France
| | - Emmanuel During
- Center for Sleep Sciences and Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto94304, CA
| | - Emrah Düzel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Magdeburg39120, Germany
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg39106, Germany
| | - Daniela Galimberti
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Policlinico, Milan20122, Italy
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan20122, Italy
| | | | - José María García-Alberca
- Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIRNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid28029, Spain
- Alzheimer Research Center and Memory Clinic, Andalusian Institute for Neuroscience, Málaga29012, Spain
| | - Pablo García-González
- Research Center and Memory clinic Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona08029, Spain
| | - Vilmantas Giedraitis
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala751 22, Sweden
- Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala751 22, Sweden
| | - Oliver Goldhardt
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Klinikum recs der Isar, Munich80333, Germany
| | - Caroline Graff
- Unit for Hereditary Dementias, Theme Aging, Karolinska University Hospital-Solna, Stockholm171 64, Swdeen
| | - Edna Grünblatt
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich8032, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich8057, Switzerland
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich8057, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Hanon
- Université de Paris, EA 4468, APHP, Hôpital Broca, Paris75013, France
| | - Lucrezia Hausner
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Central Institute for Mental Health Mannheim, Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg68159, Germany
| | - Stefanie Heilmann-Heimbach
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine and University Hospital Bonn, Bonn53127, Germany
| | - Henne Holstege
- Department of Neurology, Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, 1081 HVAmsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam1081 HV, The Netherlands
| | - Jakub Hort
- Department of Neurology, Memory Clinic, Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and Motol University Hospital, Prague150 06, Czech Republic
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital Brno, Brno656 91, Czech Republic
| | - Yoo Jin Jung
- Stanford Neurosciences Interdepartmental Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford94305, CA
| | - Deckert Jürgen
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Center of Mental Health, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg97080, Germany
| | - Silke Kern
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy, Centre for Ageing and Health (AGECAP) at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg405 30, Sweden
- Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Psychiatry, Cognition and Old Age Psychiatry Clinic, Gothenburg413 45, Sweden
| | - Teemu Kuulasmaa
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Kuopio, Eastern Finland80101, Finland
| | - Kun Ho Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, Chosun University, Gwangju61452, Republic of Korea
- Department of Integrative Biological Sciences, Chosun University, Gwangju61452, Republic of Korea
- Gwangju Alzheimer's and Related Dementias Cohort Research Center, Chosun University, Gwangju61452, Republic of Korea
- Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu41062, Republic of Korea
- Neurozen Inc., Seoul06236, Republic of Korea
| | - Ling Lin
- Center for Sleep Sciences and Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto94304, CA
| | - Carlo Masullo
- Institute of Neurology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome20123, Italy
| | - Patrizia Mecocci
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Gerontology and Geriatrics, University of Perugia, Perugia06123, Italy
| | - Shima Mehrabian
- Clinic of Neurology, UH “Alexandrovska”, Medical University–Sofia, Sofia1431, Bulgaria
| | | | - Mercè Boada
- Research Center and Memory clinic Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona08029, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIRNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid28029, Spain
| | - Pablo Mir
- Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIRNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid28029, Spain
- Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento, Servicio de Neurología y Neurofisiología, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville41013, Spain
| | - Susanne Moebus
- Institute for Urban Public Health, University Hospital of University Duisburg-Essen, Essen45147, Germany
| | - Fermin Moreno
- Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIRNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid28029, Spain
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Donostia, San Sebastian20014, Spain
- Neurosciences Area, Instituto Biodonostia, San Sebastian20014, Spain
| | - Benedetta Nacmias
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health University of Florence, Florence50121, Italy
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Florence20162, Italy
| | - Gael Nicolas
- Department of Genetics and CNR-MAJ, Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, RouenF-76000, France
| | - Shumpei Niida
- Medical Genome Center, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu474-8511, Japan
| | - Børge G. Nordestgaard
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital-Herlev Gentofte, Copenhagen2730, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen1172, Denmark
| | - Goran Papenberg
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm171 77, Sweden
| | - Janne Papma
- Department of Neurology, Alzheimer Center Erasmus MC, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam3000, The Netherlands
| | - Lucilla Parnetti
- Centre for Memory Disturbances, Lab of Clinical Neurochemistry, Section of Neurology, University of Perugia, Perugia06123, Italy
| | - Florence Pasquier
- Université de Lille, Inserm 1172, CHU Clinical and Research Memory Research Centre of Distalz, Lille59000, France
| | - Pau Pastor
- Fundació Docència i Recerca MútuaTerrassa, Terrassa, Barcelona08221, Spain
- Memory Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Mutua de Terrassa, Terrassa, Barcelona08221, Spain
| | - Oliver Peters
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin37075, Germany
- Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Berlin12203, Germany
| | - Yolande A. L. Pijnenburg
- Department of Neurology, Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, 1081 HVAmsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gerard Piñol-Ripoll
- Unitat Trastorns Cognitius, Hospital Universitari Santa Maria de Lleida, Lleida25198, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Biomedica de Lleida, Lleida25198, Spain
| | - Julius Popp
- Department of Psychiatry, Old Age Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne1005, Switzerland
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital of Psychiatry Zürich, Zürich8032, Switzerland
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zürich, Zürich8952, Switzerland
| | - Laura Molina Porcel
- Neurological Tissue Bank–Biobanc- Hospital Clinic-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona08036, Spain
- Alzheimer’s disease and other cognitive disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona08036, Spain
| | - Raquel Puerta
- Research Center and Memory clinic Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona08029, Spain
| | - Jordi Pérez-Tur
- Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIRNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid28029, Spain
- Unitat de Genètica Molecular, Institut de Biomedicina de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasValencia46010, Spain
- Unidad Mixta de Neurologia Genètica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia46026, Spain
| | - Innocenzo Rainero
- Department of Neuroscience “Rita Levi Montalcini”, University of Torino, Torino10126, Italy
| | - Inez Ramakers
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychologie, Alzheimer Center Limburg, Maastricht University, Maastricht6229 GS, The Netherlands
| | - Luis M. Real
- Unidad Clínica de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología, Hospital Universitario de Valme, Sevilla41014, Spain
- Depatamento de Especialidades Quirúrgicas, Bioquímica e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga29010, Spain
| | - Steffi Riedel-Heller
- Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health, University of Leipzig, Leipzig04109, Germany
| | - Eloy Rodriguez-Rodriguez
- Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIRNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid28029, Spain
- Neurology Service, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital (University of Cantabria and IDIVAL), Santander39011, Spain
| | - Owen A. Ross
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic-Florida, Jacksonville32224, FL
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic-Florida, Jacksonville32224, FL
| | - Jose Luís Royo
- Depatamento de Especialidades Quirúrgicas, Bioquímica e Inmunología. Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga29010, Spain
| | - Dan Rujescu
- Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, University Clinic and Outpatient Clinic for Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Halle (Saale)06120, Germany
| | - Nikolaos Scarmeas
- Department of Neurology, The Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Taub Institute for Research in Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York10032, NY
- 1st Department of Neurology, Aiginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens106 79, Greece
| | - Philip Scheltens
- Department of Neurology, Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, 1081 HVAmsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Norbert Scherbaum
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, LVR-Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147Duisberg, Germany
| | - Anja Schneider
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen), 37075Göttingen, Germany
- Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn53127, Germany
| | - Davide Seripa
- Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplant, Laboratory for Advanced Hematological Diagnostics, Lecce73100, Italy
| | - Ingmar Skoog
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy, Centre for Ageing and Health (AGECAP) at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg405 30, Sweden
- Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy, Centre for Ageing and Health (AGECAP) at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg405 30, Sweden
| | - Vincenzo Solfrizzi
- Interdisciry Department of Medicine, Geriatric Medicine and Memory Unit, University of Bari “A. Moro, Bari70121, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Spalletta
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome00179, Italy
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston77030, TX
| | - Alessio Squassina
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari09124, Italy
| | - John van Swieten
- Department of Neurology, ErasmusMC, Rotterdam3000CA, Netherlands
| | - Raquel Sánchez-Valle
- Alzheimer's disease and other cognitive disorders unit, Service of Neurology, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Barcelona08036, Spain
| | - Eng-King Tan
- Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore308433, Singapore
- Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore169857, Singapore
| | - Thomas Tegos
- 1st Department of Neurology, Medical school, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki541 24, Greece
| | - Charlotte Teunissen
- Neurochemistry Lab, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam1081 HV, Netherlands
| | - Jesper Qvist Thomassen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital–Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen2100, Denmark
| | - Lucio Tremolizzo
- Neurology, "San Gerardo" hospital, Monza and University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza20900, Italy
| | - Martin Vyhnalek
- Department of Clinical Genetics, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam1081 HV, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurology, Memory Clinic, Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and Motol University Hospital, Prague150 06, Czech Republic
| | - Frans Verhey
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychologie, Alzheimer Center Limburg, Maastricht University, Maastricht6229 GS, Netherlands
| | - Margda Waern
- Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy, Centre for Ageing and Health (AGECAP) at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg431 41, Sweden
- Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Psychosis Clinic, Gothenburg413 45, Sweden
| | - Jens Wiltfang
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen37075, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen), Goettingen37075, Germany
- Department of Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Signaling Group, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Aveiro, Aveiro3810-193, Portugal
| | - Jing Zhang
- Center for Sleep Sciences and Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto94304, CA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal431 41, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, MölndalSE-43180, Sweden
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, LondonWC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, LondonWC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal431 41, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, MölndalSE-43180, Sweden
| | - Zihuai He
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford94305, CA
| | - Julie Williams
- UKDRI@Cardiff, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, WalesCF14 4YS, United Kingdom
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff WalesCF14 4XN, United Kingdom
| | - Philippe Amouyel
- Université de Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167-RID-AGE facteurs de risque et déterminants moléculaires des maladies liés au vieillissement, Lille59000, France
| | - Frank Jessen
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen), 37075Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne50937, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne50931, Germany
| | - Patrick G. Kehoe
- Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, BristolBS8 1QU, United Kingdom
| | - Ole A. Andreassen
- NORMENT Centre, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo0450, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Cornelia Van Duin
- Department of Epidemiology, ErasmusMC, Rotterdam3000 CA, The Netherlands
- Nuffield Department of Population Health Oxford University, OxfordOX3 7LF, United Kingdom
| | - Magda Tsolaki
- 1st Department of Neurology, Medical school, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki541 24, Greece
| | - Pascual Sánchez-Juan
- Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIRNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid28029, Spain
- Alzheimer’s Centre Reina Sofia-CIEN Foundation, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ruth Frikke-Schmidt
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen1172, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital–Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen2100, Denmark
| | - Kristel Sleegers
- Complex Genetics of Alzheimer's Disease Group, VIB Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp2610, Belgium
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born–Bunge, Antwerp2610, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp2000, Belgium
| | - Tatsushi Toda
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo192-0982, Japan
| | - Anna Zettergren
- Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy, Centre for Ageing and Health (AGECAP) at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg431 41, Sweden
| | - Martin Ingelsson
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala751 22, Sweden
- Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala751 22, Sweden
- Krembil Brain Institute, University Health Network, TorontoM5G 2C4, Canada
- Department of Medicine and Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, TorontoM5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Yukinori Okada
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita565-0871, Japan
- Laboratory of Statistical Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center (WPI-IFReC), Osaka University, Suita565-0871, Japan
- Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Suita565-0871, Japan
- Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research, Osaka University, Suita565-0871, Japan
| | - Giacomina Rossi
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan20133, Italy
| | - Mikko Hiltunen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Kuopio, Eastern Finland80101, Finland
| | - Jungsoo Gim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Chosun University, Gwangju61452, Korea
- Department of Integrative Biological Sciences, Chosun University, Gwangju61452, Republic of Korea
- Gwangju Alzheimer's and Related Dementias Cohort Research Center, Chosun University, Gwangju61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Kouichi Ozaki
- Medical Genome Center, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu474-8511, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Rebecca Sims
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, WalesCF14 4YS, United Kingdom
| | - Jia Nee Foo
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore308232, Singapore
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, Singapore138672, Singapore
| | - Wiesje van der Flier
- Department of Neurology, Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, 1081 HVAmsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Takeshi Ikeuchi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata950-218, Japan
| | - Alfredo Ramirez
- Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne50937, Germany
- Department of Neurodegenerative diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Medical Faculty, Bonn53127, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen), 37075Göttingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne50931, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer’s and Neurodegenerative Diseases, San Antonio78229, TX
| | - Ignacio Mata
- Genomic Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland44196, OH
| | - Agustín Ruiz
- Research Center and Memory clinic Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona08029, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIRNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid28029, Spain
| | - Ziv Gan-Or
- The Neuro (Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital), Montreal, QuebecH3A 2B4, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QuebecH3A 0G4, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QuebecH3A 0G4, Canada
| | - Jean-Charles Lambert
- Université de Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167-RID-AGE facteurs de risque et déterminants moléculaires des maladies liés au vieillissement, Lille59000, France
| | - Michael D. Greicius
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford94305, CA
| | - Emmanuel Mignot
- Center for Sleep Sciences and Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto94304, CA
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Dues DJ, Ma Y, Nguyen APT, Offerman AV, Beddows I, Moore DJ. Formation of templated inclusions in a forebrain α-synuclein mouse model is independent of LRRK2. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.19.553965. [PMID: 37645723 PMCID: PMC10462117 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.19.553965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) and α-synuclein share enigmatic roles in the pathobiology of Parkinson's disease (PD). LRRK2 mutations are a common genetic cause of PD which, in addition to neurodegeneration, often present with abnormal deposits of α-synuclein in the form of Lewy-related pathology. As Lewy-related pathology is a prominent neuropathologic finding in sporadic PD, the relationship between LRRK2 and α-synuclein has garnered considerable interest. However, whether and how LRRK2 might influence the accumulation of Lewy-related pathology remains poorly understood. Through stereotactic injection of mouse α-synuclein pre-formed fibrils (PFF), we modeled the spread of Lewy-related pathology within forebrain regions where LRRK2 is most highly expressed. The impact of LRRK2 genotype on the formation of α-synuclein inclusions was evaluated at 1-month post-injection. Neither deletion of LRRK2 nor G2019S LRRK2 knockin appreciably altered the burden of α-synuclein pathology at this early timepoint. These observations fail to provide support for a robust pathophysiologic interaction between LRRK2 and α-synuclein in the forebrain in vivo. There was, however, a modest reduction in microglial activation induced by PFF delivery in the hippocampus of LRRK2 knockout mice, suggesting that LRRK2 may contribute to α-synuclein-induced neuroinflammation. Collectively, our data indicate that the pathological accumulation of α-synuclein in the mouse forebrain is largely independent of LRRK2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan J. Dues
- Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | - Yue Ma
- Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | - An Phu Tran Nguyen
- Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | - Alina V. Offerman
- Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | - Ian Beddows
- Department of Epigenetics, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | - Darren J. Moore
- Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
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Ciampelli C, Galleri G, Puggioni S, Fais M, Iannotta L, Galioto M, Becciu M, Greggio E, Bernardoni R, Crosio C, Iaccarino C. Inhibition of the Exocyst Complex Attenuates the LRRK2 Pathological Effects. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12656. [PMID: 37628835 PMCID: PMC10454163 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathological mutations in leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) gene are the major genetic cause of Parkinson's disease (PD). Multiple lines of evidence link LRRK2 to the control of vesicle dynamics through phosphorylation of a subset of RAB proteins. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these processes are not fully elucidated. We have previously demonstrated that LRRK2 increases the exocyst complex assembly by Sec8 interaction, one of the eight members of the exocyst complex, and that Sec8 over-expression mitigates the LRRK2 pathological effect in PC12 cells. Here, we extend this analysis using LRRK2 drosophila models and show that the LRRK2-dependent exocyst complex assembly increase is downstream of RAB phosphorylation. Moreover, exocyst complex inhibition rescues mutant LRRK2 pathogenic phenotype in cellular and drosophila models. Finally, prolonged exocyst inhibition leads to a significant reduction in the LRRK2 protein level, overall supporting the role of the exocyst complex in the LRRK2 pathway. Taken together, our study suggests that modulation of the exocyst complex may represent a novel therapeutic target for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Ciampelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (C.C.); (G.G.); (S.P.); (M.F.); (M.G.); (M.B.); (C.C.)
| | - Grazia Galleri
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (C.C.); (G.G.); (S.P.); (M.F.); (M.G.); (M.B.); (C.C.)
| | - Silvia Puggioni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (C.C.); (G.G.); (S.P.); (M.F.); (M.G.); (M.B.); (C.C.)
| | - Milena Fais
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (C.C.); (G.G.); (S.P.); (M.F.); (M.G.); (M.B.); (C.C.)
| | - Lucia Iannotta
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (L.I.); (E.G.)
| | - Manuela Galioto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (C.C.); (G.G.); (S.P.); (M.F.); (M.G.); (M.B.); (C.C.)
| | - Marta Becciu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (C.C.); (G.G.); (S.P.); (M.F.); (M.G.); (M.B.); (C.C.)
| | - Elisa Greggio
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (L.I.); (E.G.)
| | - Roberto Bernardoni
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FABIT), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Claudia Crosio
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (C.C.); (G.G.); (S.P.); (M.F.); (M.G.); (M.B.); (C.C.)
| | - Ciro Iaccarino
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (C.C.); (G.G.); (S.P.); (M.F.); (M.G.); (M.B.); (C.C.)
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29
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Gambardella JC, Schoephoerster W, Bondarenko V, Yandell BS, Emborg ME. Expression of tau and phosphorylated tau in the brain of normal and hemiparkinsonian rhesus macaques. J Comp Neurol 2023; 531:1198-1216. [PMID: 37098996 PMCID: PMC10247506 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
Tau is a neuronal protein involved in microtubule stabilization and intracellular vesicle transport in axons. In neurodegenerative disorders termed "tauopathies," like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, tau becomes hyperphosphorylated and forms intracellular inclusions. Rhesus macaques are widely used for studying ageing processes and modeling neurodegenerative disorders, yet little is known about endogenous tau expression in their brains. In this study, immunohistochemical methods were used to map and characterize total tau, 3R- and 4R-tau isoforms, and phosphorylated tau (pThr231-tau and pSer202/Thr205-tau/AT8) expression bilaterally in 16 brain regions of normal and 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced hemiparkinsonian adult rhesus macaques. Tau-immunoreactivity (-ir), including both 3R and 4R isoforms, was observed throughout the brain, with varying regional intensities. The anterior cingulate cortex, entorhinal cortex, and hippocampus displayed the most robust tau-ir, while the subthalamic nucleus and white matter regions had minimal expression. Tau was present in neurons of gray matter regions; it was preferentially observed in fibers of the globus pallidus and substantia nigra and in cell bodies of the thalamus and subthalamic nucleus. In white matter regions, tau was abundantly present in oligodendrocytes. Additionally, neuronal pThr231-tau-ir was abundant in all brain regions, but not AT8-ir. Differences in regional and intracellular protein expression were not detected between control subjects and both brain hemispheres of MPTP-treated animals. Specifically, tau-ir in the substantia nigra of all subjects colocalized with GABAergic neurons. Overall, this report provides an in-depth characterization of tau expression in the rhesus macaque brain to facilitate future investigations for understanding and modeling tau pathology in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia C. Gambardella
- Preclinical Parkinson’s Research Program, Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison
| | - Wyatt Schoephoerster
- Preclinical Parkinson’s Research Program, Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison
| | - Viktoriya Bondarenko
- Preclinical Parkinson’s Research Program, Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison
| | | | - Marina E. Emborg
- Preclinical Parkinson’s Research Program, Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison
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30
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Taymans JM, Fell M, Greenamyre T, Hirst WD, Mamais A, Padmanabhan S, Peter I, Rideout H, Thaler A. Perspective on the current state of the LRRK2 field. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2023; 9:104. [PMID: 37393318 PMCID: PMC10314919 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-023-00544-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Almost 2 decades after linking LRRK2 to Parkinson's disease, a vibrant research field has developed around the study of this gene and its protein product. Recent studies have begun to elucidate molecular structures of LRRK2 and its complexes, and our understanding of LRRK2 has continued to grow, affirming decisions made years ago to therapeutically target this enzyme for PD. Markers of LRRK2 activity, with potential to monitor disease progression or treatment efficacy, are also under development. Interestingly, there is a growing understanding of the role of LRRK2 outside of the central nervous system in peripheral tissues such as gut and immune cells that may also contribute to LRRK2 mediated pathology. In this perspective, our goal is to take stock of LRRK2 research by discussing the current state of knowledge and critical open questions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Marc Taymans
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172-LilNCog-Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, F-59000, Lille, France.
| | - Matt Fell
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Tim Greenamyre
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Pittsburgh, 3501 Fifth Avenue, Suite 7039, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Warren D Hirst
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Unit, Biogen, 115 Broadway, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Adamantios Mamais
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neurology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Shalini Padmanabhan
- The Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson's Research, Grand Central Station, P.O. Box 4777, New York, NY, 10120, USA
| | - Inga Peter
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Ave, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Hardy Rideout
- Centre for Clinical, Experimental Surgery, and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Avner Thaler
- Movement Disorders Unit and Laboratory of Early Markers of Neurodegeneration, Neurological Institute, Tel-Aviv Medical Center, Faculty of medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
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Silvaieh S, König T, Wurm R, Parvizi T, Berger-Sieczkowski E, Goeschl S, Hotzy C, Wagner M, Berutti R, Sammler E, Stögmann E, Zimprich A. Comprehensive genetic screening of early-onset dementia patients in an Austrian cohort-suggesting new disease-contributing genes. Hum Genomics 2023; 17:55. [PMID: 37330543 PMCID: PMC10276391 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-023-00499-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Early-onset dementia (EOD), with symptom onset before age 65, has a strong genetic burden. Due to genetic and clinical overlaps between different types of dementia, whole-exome sequencing (WES) has emerged as an appropriate screening method for diagnostic testing and novel gene-finding approaches. We performed WES and C9orf72 repeat testing in 60 well-defined Austrian EOD patients. Seven patients (12%) carried likely disease-causing variants in monogenic genes, PSEN1, MAPT, APP, and GRN. Five patients (8%) were APOE4 homozygote carriers. Definite and possible risk variants were detected in the genes TREM2, SORL1, ABCA7 and TBK1. In an explorative approach, we cross-checked rare gene variants in our cohort with a curated neurodegeneration candidate gene list and identified DCTN1, MAPK8IP3, LRRK2, VPS13C and BACE1 as promising candidate genes. Conclusively, 12 cases (20%) carried variants relevant to patient counseling, comparable to previously reported studies, and can thus be considered genetically resolved. Reduced penetrance, oligogenic inheritance and not yet identified high-risk genes might explain the high number of unresolved cases. To address this issue, we provide complete genetic and phenotypic information (uploaded to the European Genome-phenome Archive), enabling other researchers to cross-check variants. Thereby, we hope to increase the chance of independently finding the same gene/variant-hit in other well-defined EOD patient cohorts, thus confirming new genetic risk variants or variant combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Silvaieh
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Center for Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Theresa König
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Center for Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Raphael Wurm
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Center for Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tandis Parvizi
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Center for Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Evelyn Berger-Sieczkowski
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Center for Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stella Goeschl
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Center for Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Hotzy
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Center for Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Matias Wagner
- Institute of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Centrum, Munich, Germany
| | - Riccardo Berutti
- Institute of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Esther Sammler
- Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK
- Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Elisabeth Stögmann
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
- Comprehensive Center for Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Alexander Zimprich
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Center for Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Banerjee R, Raj A, Potdar C, Kumar Pal P, Yadav R, Kamble N, Holla V, Datta I. Astrocytes Differentiated from LRRK2-I1371V Parkinson's-Disease-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Exhibit Similar Yield but Cell-Intrinsic Dysfunction in Glutamate Uptake and Metabolism, ATP Generation, and Nrf2-Mediated Glutathione Machinery. Cells 2023; 12:1592. [PMID: 37371062 DOI: 10.3390/cells12121592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Owing to the presence of multiple enzymatic domains, LRRK2 has been associated with a diverse set of cellular functions and signaling pathways. It also has several pathological mutant-variants, and their incidences show ethnicity biases and drug-response differences with expression in dopaminergic-neurons and astrocytes. Here, we aimed to assess the cell-intrinsic effect of the LRRK2-I1371V mutant variant, prevalent in East Asian populations, on astrocyte yield and biology, involving Nrf2-mediated glutathione machinery, glutamate uptake and metabolism, and ATP generation in astrocytes derived from LRRK2-I1371V PD patient iPSCs and independently confirmed in LRRK2-I1371V-overexpressed U87 cells. Astrocyte yield (GFAP-immunopositive) was comparable between LRRK2-I1371V and healthy control (HC) populations; however, the astrocytic capability to mitigate oxidative stress in terms of glutathione content was significantly reduced in the mutant astrocytes, along with a reduction in the gene expression of the enzymes involved in glutathione machinery and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) expression. Simultaneously, a significant decrease in glutamate uptake was observed in LRRK2-I1371V astrocytes, with lower gene expression of glutamate transporters SLC1A2 and SLC1A3. The reduction in the protein expression of SLC1A2 was also directly confirmed. Enzymes catalyzing the generation of γ glutamyl cysteine (precursor of glutathione) from glutamate and the metabolism of glutamate to enter the Krebs cycle (α-ketoglutaric acid) were impaired, with significantly lower ATP generation in LRRK2-I1371V astrocytes. De novo glutamine synthesis via the conversion of glutamate to glutamine was also affected, indicating glutamate metabolism disorder. Our data demonstrate for the first time that the mutation in the LRRK2-I1371V allele causes significant astrocytic dysfunction with respect to Nrf2-mediated antioxidant machinery, AT -generation, and glutamate metabolism, even with comparable astrocyte yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roon Banerjee
- Department of Biophysics, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Institute of National Importance, Bengaluru 560029, Karnataka, India
| | - Aishwarya Raj
- Department of Biophysics, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Institute of National Importance, Bengaluru 560029, Karnataka, India
| | - Chandrakanta Potdar
- Department of Biophysics, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Institute of National Importance, Bengaluru 560029, Karnataka, India
| | - Pramod Kumar Pal
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Institute of National Importance, Bengaluru 560029, Karnataka, India
| | - Ravi Yadav
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Institute of National Importance, Bengaluru 560029, Karnataka, India
| | - Nitish Kamble
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Institute of National Importance, Bengaluru 560029, Karnataka, India
| | - Vikram Holla
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Institute of National Importance, Bengaluru 560029, Karnataka, India
| | - Indrani Datta
- Department of Biophysics, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Institute of National Importance, Bengaluru 560029, Karnataka, India
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Sosero YL, Gan‐Or Z. LRRK2 and Parkinson's disease: from genetics to targeted therapy. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2023; 10:850-864. [PMID: 37021623 PMCID: PMC10270275 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
LRRK2 variants are implicated in both familial and sporadic PD. LRRK2-PD has a generally benign clinical presentation and variable pathology, with inconsistent presence of Lewy bodies and marked Alzheimer's disease pathology. The mechanisms underlying LRRK2-PD are still unclear, but inflammation, vesicle trafficking, lysosomal homeostasis, and ciliogenesis have been suggested, among others. As novel therapies targeting LRRK2 are under development, understanding the role and function of LRRK2 in PD is becoming increasingly important. Here, we outline the epidemiological, pathophysiological, and clinical features of LRRK2-PD, and discuss the arising therapeutic approaches targeting LRRK2 and possible future directions for research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri L. Sosero
- Montreal Neurological InstituteMcGill UniversityMontréalQuébecH3A 1A1Canada
- Department of Human GeneticsMcGill UniversityMontréalQuébecH3A 1A1Canada
| | - Ziv Gan‐Or
- Montreal Neurological InstituteMcGill UniversityMontréalQuébecH3A 1A1Canada
- Department of Human GeneticsMcGill UniversityMontréalQuébecH3A 1A1Canada
- Department of Neurology and NeurosurgeryMcGill UniversityMontréalQuébecH3A 0G4Canada
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Sun YM, Gan LH, Peng F, Zhou XY, Chen QS, Liu FT, Tang YL, Wu P, Lu JY, Ge JJ, Yen TC, Zuo CT, Song B, Wu JJ, Wang J. Autosomal dominant Parkinson's disease caused by the recently identified LRRK2 N1437D mutation in a Chinese family: Clinical features, imaging findings, and functional impact. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2023; 111:105441. [PMID: 37201327 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2023.105441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mutations in leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) are the most common genetic cause of autosomal dominantly inherited Parkinson's disease (PD). Recently, a novel pathogenic variant (N1437D; c.4309A > G; NM_98578) in the LRRK2 gene has been identified in three Chinese families with PD. In this study, we describe a Chinese family with autosomal dominant PD that segregated with the N1437D mutation. A detailed clinical and neuroimaging characterization of the affected family members is reported. We also sought to investigate the functional mechanisms by which the detected mutation could cause PD. METHODS We characterized the clinical and imaging phenotype of a Chinese pedigree with autosomal dominant PD. We searched for a disease-causing mutation by targeted sequencing and multiple ligation-dependent probe amplification. The functional impact of the mutation was investigated in terms of LRRK2 kinase activity, guanosine triphosphate (GTP) binding, and guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase) activity. RESULTS The disease was found to co-segregate with the LRRK2 N1437D mutation. Patients in the pedigree exhibited typical parkinsonism (age at onset: 54.0 ± 5.9 years). One affected family member - who had evidence of abnormal tau accumulation in the occipital lobe on tau PET imaging - developed PD dementia at follow-up. The mutation markedly increased LRRK2 kinase activity and promoted GTP binding, without affecting GTPase activity. CONCLUSIONS This study describes the functional impact of a recently identified LRRK2 mutation, N1437D, that causes autosomal dominant PD in the Chinese population. Further research is necessary to investigate the contribution of this mutation to PD in multiple Asian populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Min Sun
- Department of Neurology and National Research Center for Aging and Medicine & National Center for Neurological Disorders, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Lin-Hua Gan
- Department of Neurology and National Research Center for Aging and Medicine & National Center for Neurological Disorders, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Fang Peng
- Department of Neurology and National Research Center for Aging and Medicine & National Center for Neurological Disorders, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Xin-Yue Zhou
- Department of Neurology and National Research Center for Aging and Medicine & National Center for Neurological Disorders, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Qi-Si Chen
- Department of Neurology and National Research Center for Aging and Medicine & National Center for Neurological Disorders, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Feng-Tao Liu
- Department of Neurology and National Research Center for Aging and Medicine & National Center for Neurological Disorders, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Yi-Lin Tang
- Department of Neurology and National Research Center for Aging and Medicine & National Center for Neurological Disorders, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Ping Wu
- PET Center and National Research Center for Aging and Medicine & National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Jia-Ying Lu
- PET Center and National Research Center for Aging and Medicine & National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Jing-Jie Ge
- PET Center and National Research Center for Aging and Medicine & National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | | | - Chuan-Tao Zuo
- PET Center and National Research Center for Aging and Medicine & National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Bin Song
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institute for Translational Brain Research, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Medical College road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Jian-Jun Wu
- Department of Neurology and National Research Center for Aging and Medicine & National Center for Neurological Disorders, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Road, Shanghai, 200040, China.
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Neurology and National Research Center for Aging and Medicine & National Center for Neurological Disorders, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Road, Shanghai, 200040, China.
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Suk HJ, Buie N, Xu G, Banerjee A, Boyden ES, Tsai LH. Vibrotactile stimulation at gamma frequency mitigates pathology related to neurodegeneration and improves motor function. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1129510. [PMID: 37273653 PMCID: PMC10233036 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1129510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The risk for neurodegenerative diseases increases with aging, with various pathological conditions and functional deficits accompanying these diseases. We have previously demonstrated that non-invasive visual stimulation using 40 Hz light flicker ameliorated pathology and modified cognitive function in mouse models of neurodegeneration, but whether 40 Hz stimulation using another sensory modality can impact neurodegeneration and motor function has not been studied. Here, we show that whole-body vibrotactile stimulation at 40 Hz leads to increased neural activity in the primary somatosensory cortex (SSp) and primary motor cortex (MOp). In two different mouse models of neurodegeneration, Tau P301S and CK-p25 mice, daily exposure to 40 Hz vibrotactile stimulation across multiple weeks also led to decreased brain pathology in SSp and MOp. Furthermore, both Tau P301S and CK-p25 mice showed improved motor performance after multiple weeks of daily 40 Hz vibrotactile stimulation. Vibrotactile stimulation at 40 Hz may thus be considered as a promising therapeutic strategy for neurodegenerative diseases with motor deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho-Jun Suk
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Nicole Buie
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Guojie Xu
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Arit Banerjee
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Edward S. Boyden
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Media Arts and Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
- McGovern Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Koch Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Center for Neurobiological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Li-Huei Tsai
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
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36
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Ito G, Utsunomiya-Tate N. Overview of the Impact of Pathogenic LRRK2 Mutations in Parkinson's Disease. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13050845. [PMID: 37238714 DOI: 10.3390/biom13050845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) is a large protein kinase that physiologically phosphorylates and regulates the function of several Rab proteins. LRRK2 is genetically implicated in the pathogenesis of both familial and sporadic Parkinson's disease (PD), although the underlying mechanism is not well understood. Several pathogenic mutations in the LRRK2 gene have been identified, and in most cases the clinical symptoms that PD patients with LRRK2 mutations develop are indistinguishable from those of typical PD. However, it has been shown that the pathological manifestations in the brains of PD patients with LRRK2 mutations are remarkably variable when compared to sporadic PD, ranging from typical PD pathology with Lewy bodies to nigral degeneration with deposition of other amyloidogenic proteins. The pathogenic mutations in LRRK2 are also known to affect the functions and structure of LRRK2, the differences in which may be partly attributable to the variations observed in patient pathology. In this review, in order to help researchers unfamiliar with the field to understand the mechanism of pathogenesis of LRRK2-associated PD, we summarize the clinical and pathological manifestations caused by pathogenic mutations in LRRK2, their impact on the molecular function and structure of LRRK2, and their historical background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genta Ito
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Pharma-Sciences, Teikyo University, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
| | - Naoko Utsunomiya-Tate
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Pharma-Sciences, Teikyo University, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
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Leyns CEG, Prigent A, Beezhold B, Yao L, Hatcher NG, Tao P, Kang J, Suh E, Van Deerlin VM, Trojanowski JQ, Lee VMY, Kennedy ME, Fell MJ, Henderson MX. Glucocerebrosidase activity and lipid levels are related to protein pathologies in Parkinson's disease. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2023; 9:74. [PMID: 37169750 PMCID: PMC10175254 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-023-00517-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) are progressive neurodegenerative diseases characterized by the accumulation of misfolded α-synuclein in the form of Lewy pathology. While most cases are sporadic, there are rare genetic mutations that cause disease and more common variants that increase incidence of disease. The most prominent genetic mutations for PD and DLB are in the GBA1 and LRRK2 genes. GBA1 mutations are associated with decreased glucocerebrosidase activity and lysosomal accumulation of its lipid substrates, glucosylceramide and glucosylsphingosine. Previous studies have shown a link between this enzyme and lipids even in sporadic PD. However, it is unclear how the protein pathologies of disease are related to enzyme activity and glycosphingolipid levels. To address this gap in knowledge, we examined quantitative protein pathology, glucocerebrosidase activity and lipid substrates in parallel from 4 regions of 91 brains with no neurological disease, idiopathic, GBA1-linked, or LRRK2-linked PD and DLB. We find that several biomarkers are altered with respect to mutation and progression to dementia. We found mild association of glucocerebrosidase activity with disease, but a strong association of glucosylsphingosine with α-synuclein pathology, irrespective of genetic mutation. This association suggests that Lewy pathology precipitates changes in lipid levels related to progression to dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl E G Leyns
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Alice Prigent
- Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
| | - Brenna Beezhold
- Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
| | - Lihang Yao
- Merck & Co., Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pk, West Point, PA, 19486, USA
| | - Nathan G Hatcher
- Merck & Co., Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pk, West Point, PA, 19486, USA
| | - Peining Tao
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - John Kang
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - EunRan Suh
- Institute on Aging and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Vivianna M Van Deerlin
- Institute on Aging and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - John Q Trojanowski
- Institute on Aging and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Virginia M Y Lee
- Institute on Aging and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | | | - Matthew J Fell
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Michael X Henderson
- Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA.
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Hu J, Zhang D, Tian K, Ren C, Li H, Lin C, Huang X, Liu J, Mao W, Zhang J. Small-molecule LRRK2 inhibitors for PD therapy: Current achievements and future perspectives. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 256:115475. [PMID: 37201428 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) is a multifunctional protein that orchestrates a diverse array of cellular processes, including vesicle transport, autophagy, lysosome degradation, neurotransmission, and mitochondrial activity. Hyperactivation of LRRK2 triggers vesicle transport dysfunction, neuroinflammation, accumulation of α-synuclein, mitochondrial dysfunction, and the loss of cilia, ultimately leading to Parkinson's disease (PD). Therefore, targeting LRRK2 protein is a promising therapeutic strategy for PD. The clinical translation of LRRK2 inhibitors was historically impeded by issues surrounding tissue specificity. Recent studies have identified LRRK2 inhibitors that have no effect on peripheral tissues. Currently, there are four small-molecule LRRK2 inhibitors undergoing clinical trials. This review provides a summary of the structure and biological functions of LRRK2, along with an overview of the binding modes and structure-activity relationships (SARs) of small-molecule inhibitors targeting LRRK2. It offers valuable references for developing novel drugs targeting LRRK2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiarui Hu
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Keyue Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Changyu Ren
- Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Heng Li
- Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Congcong Lin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Medicine Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Xiaoli Huang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Health, Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Wuyu Mao
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China; Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Health, Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Jifa Zhang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Outeiro TF, Alcalay RN, Antonini A, Attems J, Bonifati V, Cardoso F, Chesselet MF, Hardy J, Madeo G, McKeith I, Mollenhauer B, Moore DJ, Rascol O, Schlossmacher MG, Soreq H, Stefanis L, Ferreira JJ. Defining the Riddle in Order to Solve It: There Is More Than One "Parkinson's Disease". Mov Disord 2023. [PMID: 37156737 DOI: 10.1002/mds.29419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND More than 200 years after James Parkinsondescribed a clinical syndrome based on his astute observations, Parkinson's disease (PD) has evolved into a complex entity, akin to the heterogeneity of other complex human syndromes of the central nervous system such as dementia, motor neuron disease, multiple sclerosis, and epilepsy. Clinicians, pathologists, and basic science researchers evolved arrange of concepts andcriteria for the clinical, genetic, mechanistic, and neuropathological characterization of what, in their best judgment, constitutes PD. However, these specialists have generated and used criteria that are not necessarily aligned between their different operational definitions, which may hinder progress in solving the riddle of the distinct forms of PD and ultimately how to treat them. OBJECTIVE This task force has identified current in consistencies between the definitions of PD and its diverse variants in different domains: clinical criteria, neuropathological classification, genetic subtyping, biomarker signatures, and mechanisms of disease. This initial effort for "defining the riddle" will lay the foundation for future attempts to better define the range of PD and its variants, as has been done and implemented for other heterogeneous neurological syndromes, such as stroke and peripheral neuropathy. We strongly advocate for a more systematic and evidence-based integration of our diverse disciplines by looking at well-defined variants of the syndrome of PD. CONCLUSION Accuracy in defining endophenotypes of "typical PD" across these different but interrelated disciplines will enable better definition of variants and their stratification in therapeutic trials, a prerequisite for breakthroughs in the era of precision medicine. © 2023 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago F Outeiro
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Goettingen, Germany
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom
| | - Roy N Alcalay
- Neurological Institute, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Angelo Antonini
- Department of Neurosciences (DNS), Padova University, Padova, Italy
| | - Johannes Attems
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom
| | - Vincenzo Bonifati
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Francisco Cardoso
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Internal Medicine Department, The Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - John Hardy
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL and Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Reta Lila Weston Institute, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
- UCL Movement Disorders Centre, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Institute for Advanced Study, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Ian McKeith
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom
| | - Brit Mollenhauer
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
- Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik, Kassel, Germany
| | - Darren J Moore
- Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | - Olivier Rascol
- Department of Neurosciences, Clinical Investigation Center CIC 1436, Parkinson Toulouse Expert Centre, NS-Park/FCRIN Network and Neuro Toul COEN Centre, Toulouse University Hospital, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3, Toulouse, France
| | - Michael G Schlossmacher
- Program in Neuroscience and Division of Neurology, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hermona Soreq
- The Institute of Life Sciences and The Edmond and Lily Safra Center of Brain Science, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Leonidas Stefanis
- First Department of Neurology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
- Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Joaquim J Ferreira
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- CNS-Campus Neurológico, Torres Vedras, Portugal
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40
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Mamais A, Sanyal A, Fajfer A, Zykoski CG, Guldin M, Riley-DiPaolo A, Subrahmanian N, Gibbs W, Lin S, LaVoie MJ. The LRRK2 kinase substrates Rab8a and Rab10 contribute complementary but distinct disease-relevant phenotypes in human neurons. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.30.538317. [PMID: 37163109 PMCID: PMC10168414 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.30.538317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in the LRRK2 gene cause familial Parkinson's disease presenting with pleomorphic neuropathology that can involve α-synuclein or tau accumulation. LRRK2 mutations are thought to converge toward a pathogenic increase in LRRK2 kinase activity. A subset of small Rab GTPases have been identified as LRRK2 substrates, with LRRK2-dependent phosphorylation resulting in Rab inactivation. We used CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing to generate a novel series of isogenic iPSC lines deficient in the two most well validated LRRK2 substrates, Rab8a and Rab10, from two independent, deeply phenotyped healthy control lines. Thorough characterization of NGN2-induced neurons revealed divergent effects of Rab8a and Rab10 deficiency on lysosomal pH, LAMP1 association with Golgi, α-synuclein insolubility and tau phosphorylation, while parallel effects on lysosomal numbers and Golgi clustering were observed. Our data demonstrate largely antagonistic effects of genetic Rab8a or Rab10 inactivation which provide discrete insight into the pathologic features of their biochemical inactivation by pathogenic LRRK2 mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adamantios Mamais
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neurology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Anwesha Sanyal
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, and Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Austin Fajfer
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neurology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Catherine G. Zykoski
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neurology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Michael Guldin
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neurology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Alexis Riley-DiPaolo
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neurology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Nitya Subrahmanian
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neurology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Whitney Gibbs
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neurology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Steven Lin
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neurology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Matthew J. LaVoie
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neurology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, and Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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41
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Chu Y, Hirst WD, Kordower JH. Mixed pathology as a rule, not exception: Time to reconsider disease nosology. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2023; 192:57-71. [PMID: 36796948 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-85538-9.00012-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that is associated with motor and nonmotor symptoms. Accumulation of misfolded α-synuclein is considered a key pathological feature during disease initiation and progression. While clearly deemed a synucleinopathy, the development of amyloid-β plaques, tau-containing neurofibrillary tangles, and even TDP-43 protein inclusions occur within the nigrostriatal system and in other brain regions. In addition, inflammatory responses, manifested by glial reactivity, T-cell infiltration, and increased expression of inflammatory cytokines, plus other toxic mediators derived from activated glial cells, are currently recognized as prominent drivers of Parkinson's disease pathology. However, copathologies have increasingly been recognized as the rule (>90%) and not the exception, with Parkinson's disease cases on average exhibiting three different copathologies. While microinfarcts, atherosclerosis, arteriolosclerosis, and cerebral amyloid angiopathy may have an impact on disease progression, α-synuclein, amyloid-β, and TDP-43 pathology do not seem to contribute to progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Chu
- ASU-Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - Warren D Hirst
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Unit, Biogen, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jeffrey H Kordower
- ASU-Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States.
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42
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Boecker CA. The Role of LRRK2 in Intracellular Organelle Dynamics. J Mol Biol 2023:167998. [PMID: 36764357 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2023.167998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Pathogenic mutations in the leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) gene hyperactivate LRRK2 kinase activity and lead to the development of Parkinson's disease (PD). Membrane recruitment of LRRK2 and the identification of RAB GTPases as bona fide LRRK2 substrates strongly indicate that LRRK2 regulates intracellular trafficking. This review highlights the current literature on the role of LRRK2 in intracellular organelle dynamics. With a focus on the effects of LRRK2 on microtubule function, mitochondrial dynamics, the autophagy-lysosomal pathway, and synaptic vesicle trafficking, it summarizes our current understanding of how intracellular dynamics are altered upon pathogenic LRRK2 hyperactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Alexander Boecker
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Robert-Koch-Strasse 40, 37075 Goettingen, Germany.
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Huang P, Zhang M. Magnetic Resonance Imaging Studies of Neurodegenerative Disease: From Methods to Translational Research. Neurosci Bull 2023; 39:99-112. [PMID: 35771383 PMCID: PMC9849544 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-022-00905-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) have become a significant threat to an aging human society. Numerous studies have been conducted in the past decades to clarify their pathologic mechanisms and search for reliable biomarkers. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a powerful tool for investigating structural and functional brain alterations in NDs. With the advantages of being non-invasive and non-radioactive, it has been frequently used in both animal research and large-scale clinical investigations. MRI may serve as a bridge connecting micro- and macro-level analysis and promoting bench-to-bed translational research. Nevertheless, due to the abundance and complexity of MRI techniques, exploiting their potential is not always straightforward. This review aims to briefly introduce research progress in clinical imaging studies and discuss possible strategies for applying MRI in translational ND research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyu Huang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009 China
| | - Minming Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009 China
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Jeong A, Auger SA, Maity S, Fredriksen K, Zhong R, Li L, Distefano MD. In Vivo Prenylomic Profiling in the Brain of a Transgenic Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease Reveals Increased Prenylation of a Key Set of Proteins. ACS Chem Biol 2022; 17:2863-2876. [PMID: 36109170 PMCID: PMC9799064 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.2c00486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulation of protein prenylation has been implicated in many diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Prenylomic analysis, the combination of metabolic incorporation of an isoprenoid analogue (C15AlkOPP) into prenylated proteins with a bottom-up proteomic analysis, has allowed the identification of prenylated proteins in various cellular models. Here, transgenic AD mice were administered with C15AlkOPP through intracerebroventricular (ICV) infusion over 13 days. Using prenylomic analysis, 36 prenylated proteins were enriched in the brains of AD mice. Importantly, the prenylated forms of 15 proteins were consistently upregulated in AD mice compared to nontransgenic wild-type controls. These results highlight the power of this in vivo metabolic labeling approach to identify multiple post-translationally modified proteins that may serve as potential therapeutic targets for a disease that has proved refractory to treatment thus far. Moreover, this method should be applicable to many other types of protein modifications, significantly broadening its scope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Jeong
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455 USA
| | | | - Sanjay Maity
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455 USA
| | | | - Rui Zhong
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455 USA
| | - Ling Li
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455 USA
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Ravinther AI, Dewadas HD, Tong SR, Foo CN, Lin YE, Chien CT, Lim YM. Molecular Pathways Involved in LRRK2-Linked Parkinson’s Disease: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911744. [PMID: 36233046 PMCID: PMC9569706 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases affecting the ageing population, with a prevalence that has doubled over the last 30 years. As the mechanism of the disease is not fully elucidated, the current treatments are unable to effectively prevent neurodegeneration. Studies have found that mutations in Leucine-rich-repeat-kinase 2 (LRRK2) are the most common cause of familial Parkinson’s disease (PD). Moreover, aberrant (higher) LRRK2 kinase activity has an influence in idiopathic PD as well. Hence, the aim of this review is to categorize and synthesize current information related to LRRK2-linked PD and present the factors associated with LRRK2 that can be targeted therapeutically. A systematic review was conducted using the databases PubMed, Medline, SCOPUS, SAGE, and Cochrane (January 2016 to July 2021). Search terms included “Parkinson’s disease”, “mechanism”, “LRRK2”, and synonyms in various combinations. The search yielded a total of 988 abstracts for initial review, 80 of which met the inclusion criteria. Here, we emphasize molecular mechanisms revealed in recent in vivo and in vitro studies. By consolidating the recent updates in the field of LRRK2-linked PD, researchers can further evaluate targets for therapeutic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ailyn Irvita Ravinther
- Centre for Cancer Research, M. Kandiah Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Hemaniswarri Dewi Dewadas
- Centre for Biomedical and Nutrition Research, Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kampar 31900, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Shi Ruo Tong
- Centre for Cancer Research, M. Kandiah Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chai Nien Foo
- Centre for Cancer Research, M. Kandiah Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Population Medicine, M. Kandiah Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yu-En Lin
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Ting Chien
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Yang Mooi Lim
- Centre for Cancer Research, M. Kandiah Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Pre-Clinical Sciences, M. Kandiah Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia
- Correspondence:
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Saunders-Pullman R, Ortega RA, Wang C, Raymond D, Elango S, Leaver K, Urval N, Katsnelson V, Gerber R, Swan M, Shanker V, Alcalay RN, Mirelman A, Brumm MC, Mejia-Santana H, Coffey CS, Marek K, Ozelius LJ, Giladi N, Marder KS, Bressman SB. Association of Olfactory Performance With Motor Decline and Age at Onset in People With Parkinson Disease and the LRRK2 G2019S Variant. Neurology 2022; 99:e814-e823. [PMID: 35995594 PMCID: PMC9484727 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000200737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES There is clinical and phenotypic heterogeneity in LRRK2 G2019S Parkinson disease (PD), including loss of smell. Olfactory scores have defined subgroups of LRRK2 PD at baseline. We now extend this work longitudinally to better determine features associated with olfactory classes and to gain further insight into this heterogeneity. METHODS Evaluation of 162 patients with LRRK2 PD and 198 patients with idiopathic PD (IPD) from the LRRK2 Ashkenazi Jewish Consortium was performed, with follow-up available for 92 patients with LRRK2 PD and 74 patients with IPD. Olfaction (University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test [UPSIT]), motor function (Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale), and cognition (Montreal Cognitive Assessment), as well as sleep, nonmotor, and mood, were measured. Gaussian mixture models were applied on the UPSIT percentile score to determine subgroups based on olfactory performance. Linear mixed effects models, using PD duration as the time scale, assessed the relationship between UPSIT subgroup membership and motor/cognitive change. RESULTS Baseline olfaction was better in LRRK2 PD compared with IPD (mean UPSIT ± SD: 24.2 ± 8.8 vs 18.9 ± 7.6), with higher mean percentile scores (difference: 15.3 ± 11.6) (p < 0.001) and less frequent hyposmia (55.6% vs 85.4%; p < 0.001). Analysis suggested 3 classes among LRRK2 PD. Age at onset in LRRK2 PD was earlier in the worst olfaction group (group 1), compared with groups 2 and 3 (54.5 ± 11.1 vs 61.7 ± 9.3) (p = 0.012), and separately in the hyposmic group overall (55.0 ± 11.3 vs 61.7 ± 9.1) (p < 0.001). Longitudinal motor deterioration in LRRK2 PD was also significantly faster in the worst UPSIT group than the best UPSIT group (group 3 vs group 1: B = 0.31, SE = 0.35 vs B = 0.96, SE = 0.28) (rate difference = -0.65, SE = 0.29) (p = 0.03). However, olfactory group membership was not significantly associated with cognitive decline. DISCUSSION In this large LRRK2 cohort with longitudinal analysis, we extend prior work demonstrating subgroups defined by olfaction in LRRK2 G2019S PD and show that the worst olfaction group has earlier age at PD onset and more rapid motor decline. This supports a subgroup of LRRK2 PD that might show more rapid change in a clinical trial of LRRK2-related agents and highlights the need to integrate careful phenotyping into allocation schema in clinical trials of LRRK2-related agents. CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE This study provides Class II evidence that worse olfactory scores were associated with an earlier age at symptomatic onset and a faster rate of motor deterioration in patients with LRRK2 PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Saunders-Pullman
- From the Department of Neurology (R.S.-P., R.A.O., D.R., S.E., K.L., N.U., V.K., R.G., M.S., V.S., S.B.B.), Mount Sinai Beth Israel; Albert Einstein College of Medicine (C.W.), Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (R.N.A., H.M.-S., K.S.M.), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York; Neurological Institute (A.M., N.G.), Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine and Sagol School of Neurosciences, Tel Aviv University, Israel; University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine (M.C.B., C.S.C.), and Biostatistics (M.C.B., C.S.C.), University of Iowa, Iowa City; Department of Neurology (K.M.), Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, New Haven, CT; and Department of Genetics (L.J.O.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston.
| | - Roberto Angel Ortega
- From the Department of Neurology (R.S.-P., R.A.O., D.R., S.E., K.L., N.U., V.K., R.G., M.S., V.S., S.B.B.), Mount Sinai Beth Israel; Albert Einstein College of Medicine (C.W.), Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (R.N.A., H.M.-S., K.S.M.), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York; Neurological Institute (A.M., N.G.), Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine and Sagol School of Neurosciences, Tel Aviv University, Israel; University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine (M.C.B., C.S.C.), and Biostatistics (M.C.B., C.S.C.), University of Iowa, Iowa City; Department of Neurology (K.M.), Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, New Haven, CT; and Department of Genetics (L.J.O.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Cuiling Wang
- From the Department of Neurology (R.S.-P., R.A.O., D.R., S.E., K.L., N.U., V.K., R.G., M.S., V.S., S.B.B.), Mount Sinai Beth Israel; Albert Einstein College of Medicine (C.W.), Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (R.N.A., H.M.-S., K.S.M.), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York; Neurological Institute (A.M., N.G.), Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine and Sagol School of Neurosciences, Tel Aviv University, Israel; University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine (M.C.B., C.S.C.), and Biostatistics (M.C.B., C.S.C.), University of Iowa, Iowa City; Department of Neurology (K.M.), Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, New Haven, CT; and Department of Genetics (L.J.O.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Deborah Raymond
- From the Department of Neurology (R.S.-P., R.A.O., D.R., S.E., K.L., N.U., V.K., R.G., M.S., V.S., S.B.B.), Mount Sinai Beth Israel; Albert Einstein College of Medicine (C.W.), Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (R.N.A., H.M.-S., K.S.M.), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York; Neurological Institute (A.M., N.G.), Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine and Sagol School of Neurosciences, Tel Aviv University, Israel; University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine (M.C.B., C.S.C.), and Biostatistics (M.C.B., C.S.C.), University of Iowa, Iowa City; Department of Neurology (K.M.), Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, New Haven, CT; and Department of Genetics (L.J.O.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Sonya Elango
- From the Department of Neurology (R.S.-P., R.A.O., D.R., S.E., K.L., N.U., V.K., R.G., M.S., V.S., S.B.B.), Mount Sinai Beth Israel; Albert Einstein College of Medicine (C.W.), Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (R.N.A., H.M.-S., K.S.M.), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York; Neurological Institute (A.M., N.G.), Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine and Sagol School of Neurosciences, Tel Aviv University, Israel; University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine (M.C.B., C.S.C.), and Biostatistics (M.C.B., C.S.C.), University of Iowa, Iowa City; Department of Neurology (K.M.), Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, New Haven, CT; and Department of Genetics (L.J.O.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Katherine Leaver
- From the Department of Neurology (R.S.-P., R.A.O., D.R., S.E., K.L., N.U., V.K., R.G., M.S., V.S., S.B.B.), Mount Sinai Beth Israel; Albert Einstein College of Medicine (C.W.), Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (R.N.A., H.M.-S., K.S.M.), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York; Neurological Institute (A.M., N.G.), Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine and Sagol School of Neurosciences, Tel Aviv University, Israel; University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine (M.C.B., C.S.C.), and Biostatistics (M.C.B., C.S.C.), University of Iowa, Iowa City; Department of Neurology (K.M.), Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, New Haven, CT; and Department of Genetics (L.J.O.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Nikita Urval
- From the Department of Neurology (R.S.-P., R.A.O., D.R., S.E., K.L., N.U., V.K., R.G., M.S., V.S., S.B.B.), Mount Sinai Beth Israel; Albert Einstein College of Medicine (C.W.), Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (R.N.A., H.M.-S., K.S.M.), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York; Neurological Institute (A.M., N.G.), Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine and Sagol School of Neurosciences, Tel Aviv University, Israel; University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine (M.C.B., C.S.C.), and Biostatistics (M.C.B., C.S.C.), University of Iowa, Iowa City; Department of Neurology (K.M.), Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, New Haven, CT; and Department of Genetics (L.J.O.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Viktoriya Katsnelson
- From the Department of Neurology (R.S.-P., R.A.O., D.R., S.E., K.L., N.U., V.K., R.G., M.S., V.S., S.B.B.), Mount Sinai Beth Israel; Albert Einstein College of Medicine (C.W.), Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (R.N.A., H.M.-S., K.S.M.), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York; Neurological Institute (A.M., N.G.), Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine and Sagol School of Neurosciences, Tel Aviv University, Israel; University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine (M.C.B., C.S.C.), and Biostatistics (M.C.B., C.S.C.), University of Iowa, Iowa City; Department of Neurology (K.M.), Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, New Haven, CT; and Department of Genetics (L.J.O.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Rachel Gerber
- From the Department of Neurology (R.S.-P., R.A.O., D.R., S.E., K.L., N.U., V.K., R.G., M.S., V.S., S.B.B.), Mount Sinai Beth Israel; Albert Einstein College of Medicine (C.W.), Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (R.N.A., H.M.-S., K.S.M.), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York; Neurological Institute (A.M., N.G.), Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine and Sagol School of Neurosciences, Tel Aviv University, Israel; University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine (M.C.B., C.S.C.), and Biostatistics (M.C.B., C.S.C.), University of Iowa, Iowa City; Department of Neurology (K.M.), Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, New Haven, CT; and Department of Genetics (L.J.O.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Matthew Swan
- From the Department of Neurology (R.S.-P., R.A.O., D.R., S.E., K.L., N.U., V.K., R.G., M.S., V.S., S.B.B.), Mount Sinai Beth Israel; Albert Einstein College of Medicine (C.W.), Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (R.N.A., H.M.-S., K.S.M.), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York; Neurological Institute (A.M., N.G.), Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine and Sagol School of Neurosciences, Tel Aviv University, Israel; University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine (M.C.B., C.S.C.), and Biostatistics (M.C.B., C.S.C.), University of Iowa, Iowa City; Department of Neurology (K.M.), Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, New Haven, CT; and Department of Genetics (L.J.O.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Vicki Shanker
- From the Department of Neurology (R.S.-P., R.A.O., D.R., S.E., K.L., N.U., V.K., R.G., M.S., V.S., S.B.B.), Mount Sinai Beth Israel; Albert Einstein College of Medicine (C.W.), Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (R.N.A., H.M.-S., K.S.M.), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York; Neurological Institute (A.M., N.G.), Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine and Sagol School of Neurosciences, Tel Aviv University, Israel; University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine (M.C.B., C.S.C.), and Biostatistics (M.C.B., C.S.C.), University of Iowa, Iowa City; Department of Neurology (K.M.), Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, New Haven, CT; and Department of Genetics (L.J.O.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Roy N Alcalay
- From the Department of Neurology (R.S.-P., R.A.O., D.R., S.E., K.L., N.U., V.K., R.G., M.S., V.S., S.B.B.), Mount Sinai Beth Israel; Albert Einstein College of Medicine (C.W.), Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (R.N.A., H.M.-S., K.S.M.), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York; Neurological Institute (A.M., N.G.), Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine and Sagol School of Neurosciences, Tel Aviv University, Israel; University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine (M.C.B., C.S.C.), and Biostatistics (M.C.B., C.S.C.), University of Iowa, Iowa City; Department of Neurology (K.M.), Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, New Haven, CT; and Department of Genetics (L.J.O.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Anat Mirelman
- From the Department of Neurology (R.S.-P., R.A.O., D.R., S.E., K.L., N.U., V.K., R.G., M.S., V.S., S.B.B.), Mount Sinai Beth Israel; Albert Einstein College of Medicine (C.W.), Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (R.N.A., H.M.-S., K.S.M.), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York; Neurological Institute (A.M., N.G.), Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine and Sagol School of Neurosciences, Tel Aviv University, Israel; University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine (M.C.B., C.S.C.), and Biostatistics (M.C.B., C.S.C.), University of Iowa, Iowa City; Department of Neurology (K.M.), Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, New Haven, CT; and Department of Genetics (L.J.O.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Michael C Brumm
- From the Department of Neurology (R.S.-P., R.A.O., D.R., S.E., K.L., N.U., V.K., R.G., M.S., V.S., S.B.B.), Mount Sinai Beth Israel; Albert Einstein College of Medicine (C.W.), Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (R.N.A., H.M.-S., K.S.M.), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York; Neurological Institute (A.M., N.G.), Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine and Sagol School of Neurosciences, Tel Aviv University, Israel; University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine (M.C.B., C.S.C.), and Biostatistics (M.C.B., C.S.C.), University of Iowa, Iowa City; Department of Neurology (K.M.), Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, New Haven, CT; and Department of Genetics (L.J.O.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Helen Mejia-Santana
- From the Department of Neurology (R.S.-P., R.A.O., D.R., S.E., K.L., N.U., V.K., R.G., M.S., V.S., S.B.B.), Mount Sinai Beth Israel; Albert Einstein College of Medicine (C.W.), Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (R.N.A., H.M.-S., K.S.M.), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York; Neurological Institute (A.M., N.G.), Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine and Sagol School of Neurosciences, Tel Aviv University, Israel; University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine (M.C.B., C.S.C.), and Biostatistics (M.C.B., C.S.C.), University of Iowa, Iowa City; Department of Neurology (K.M.), Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, New Haven, CT; and Department of Genetics (L.J.O.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Christopher S Coffey
- From the Department of Neurology (R.S.-P., R.A.O., D.R., S.E., K.L., N.U., V.K., R.G., M.S., V.S., S.B.B.), Mount Sinai Beth Israel; Albert Einstein College of Medicine (C.W.), Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (R.N.A., H.M.-S., K.S.M.), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York; Neurological Institute (A.M., N.G.), Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine and Sagol School of Neurosciences, Tel Aviv University, Israel; University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine (M.C.B., C.S.C.), and Biostatistics (M.C.B., C.S.C.), University of Iowa, Iowa City; Department of Neurology (K.M.), Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, New Haven, CT; and Department of Genetics (L.J.O.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Kenneth Marek
- From the Department of Neurology (R.S.-P., R.A.O., D.R., S.E., K.L., N.U., V.K., R.G., M.S., V.S., S.B.B.), Mount Sinai Beth Israel; Albert Einstein College of Medicine (C.W.), Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (R.N.A., H.M.-S., K.S.M.), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York; Neurological Institute (A.M., N.G.), Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine and Sagol School of Neurosciences, Tel Aviv University, Israel; University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine (M.C.B., C.S.C.), and Biostatistics (M.C.B., C.S.C.), University of Iowa, Iowa City; Department of Neurology (K.M.), Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, New Haven, CT; and Department of Genetics (L.J.O.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Laurie J Ozelius
- From the Department of Neurology (R.S.-P., R.A.O., D.R., S.E., K.L., N.U., V.K., R.G., M.S., V.S., S.B.B.), Mount Sinai Beth Israel; Albert Einstein College of Medicine (C.W.), Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (R.N.A., H.M.-S., K.S.M.), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York; Neurological Institute (A.M., N.G.), Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine and Sagol School of Neurosciences, Tel Aviv University, Israel; University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine (M.C.B., C.S.C.), and Biostatistics (M.C.B., C.S.C.), University of Iowa, Iowa City; Department of Neurology (K.M.), Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, New Haven, CT; and Department of Genetics (L.J.O.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Nir Giladi
- From the Department of Neurology (R.S.-P., R.A.O., D.R., S.E., K.L., N.U., V.K., R.G., M.S., V.S., S.B.B.), Mount Sinai Beth Israel; Albert Einstein College of Medicine (C.W.), Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (R.N.A., H.M.-S., K.S.M.), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York; Neurological Institute (A.M., N.G.), Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine and Sagol School of Neurosciences, Tel Aviv University, Israel; University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine (M.C.B., C.S.C.), and Biostatistics (M.C.B., C.S.C.), University of Iowa, Iowa City; Department of Neurology (K.M.), Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, New Haven, CT; and Department of Genetics (L.J.O.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Karen S Marder
- From the Department of Neurology (R.S.-P., R.A.O., D.R., S.E., K.L., N.U., V.K., R.G., M.S., V.S., S.B.B.), Mount Sinai Beth Israel; Albert Einstein College of Medicine (C.W.), Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (R.N.A., H.M.-S., K.S.M.), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York; Neurological Institute (A.M., N.G.), Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine and Sagol School of Neurosciences, Tel Aviv University, Israel; University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine (M.C.B., C.S.C.), and Biostatistics (M.C.B., C.S.C.), University of Iowa, Iowa City; Department of Neurology (K.M.), Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, New Haven, CT; and Department of Genetics (L.J.O.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Susan B Bressman
- From the Department of Neurology (R.S.-P., R.A.O., D.R., S.E., K.L., N.U., V.K., R.G., M.S., V.S., S.B.B.), Mount Sinai Beth Israel; Albert Einstein College of Medicine (C.W.), Bronx, NY; Department of Neurology (R.N.A., H.M.-S., K.S.M.), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York; Neurological Institute (A.M., N.G.), Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine and Sagol School of Neurosciences, Tel Aviv University, Israel; University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine (M.C.B., C.S.C.), and Biostatistics (M.C.B., C.S.C.), University of Iowa, Iowa City; Department of Neurology (K.M.), Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, New Haven, CT; and Department of Genetics (L.J.O.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
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Pathophysiological evaluation of the LRRK2 G2385R risk variant for Parkinson’s disease. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2022; 8:97. [PMID: 35931783 PMCID: PMC9355991 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-022-00367-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Missense variants in leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) lead to familial and sporadic Parkinson’s disease (PD). The pathological features of PD patients with LRRK2 variants differ. Here, we report an autopsy case harboring the LRRK2 G2385R, a risk variant for PD occurring mainly in Asian populations. The patient exhibited levodopa-responsive parkinsonism at the early stage and visual hallucinations at the advanced stage. The pathological study revealed diffuse Lewy bodies with neurofibrillary tangles, amyloid plaques, and mild signs of neuroinflammation. Biochemically, detergent-insoluble phospho-α-synuclein was accumulated in the frontal, temporal, entorhinal cortexes, and putamen, consistent with the pathological observations. Elevated phosphorylation of Rab10, a substrate of LRRK2, was also prominent in various brain regions. In conclusion, G2385R appears to increase LRRK2 kinase activity in the human brain, inducing a deleterious brain environment that causes Lewy body pathology.
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Dai Y, Jia P, Zhao Z, Gottlieb A. A Method for Bridging Population-Specific Genotypes to Detect Gene Modules Associated with Alzheimer's Disease. Cells 2022; 11:2219. [PMID: 35883662 PMCID: PMC9319087 DOI: 10.3390/cells11142219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genome-wide association studies have successfully identified variants associated with multiple conditions. However, generalizing discoveries across diverse populations remains challenging due to large variations in genetic composition. Methods that perform gene expression imputation have attempted to address the transferability of gene discoveries across populations, but with limited success. METHODS Here, we introduce a pipeline that combines gene expression imputation with gene module discovery, including a dense gene module search and a gene set variation analysis, to address the transferability issue. Our method feeds association probabilities of imputed gene expression with a selected phenotype into tissue-specific gene-module discovery over protein interaction networks to create higher-level gene modules. RESULTS We demonstrate our method's utility in three case-control studies of Alzheimer's disease (AD) for three different race/ethnic populations (Whites, African descent and Hispanics). We discovered 182 AD-associated genes from gene modules shared between these populations, highlighting new gene modules associated with AD. CONCLUSIONS Our innovative framework has the potential to identify robust discoveries across populations based on gene modules, as demonstrated in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Dai
- Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Peilin Jia
- Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Zhongming Zhao
- Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Assaf Gottlieb
- Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Herbst S, Lewis P, Morris H. The emerging role of LRRK2 in tauopathies. Clin Sci (Lond) 2022; 136:1071-1079. [PMID: 35815712 PMCID: PMC9274527 DOI: 10.1042/cs20220067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is conventionally described as an α-synuclein aggregation disorder, defined by Lewy bodies and neurites, and mutations in leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) are the most common autosomal dominant cause of PD. However, LRRK2 mutations may be associated with diverse pathologies in patients with Parkinson's syndrome including tau pathology resembling progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). The recent discovery that variation at the LRRK2 locus is associated with the progression of PSP highlights the potential importance of LRRK2 in tauopathies. Here, we review the emerging evidence and discuss the potential impact of LRRK2 dysfunction on tau aggregation, lysosomal function, and endocytosis and exocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Herbst
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, U.K
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, U.K
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, U.S.A
| | - Patrick A. Lewis
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, U.K
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, U.K
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, U.S.A
| | - Huw R. Morris
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, U.S.A
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neuroscience, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, U.K
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50
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Morphological basis of Parkinson disease-associated cognitive impairment: an update. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2022; 129:977-999. [PMID: 35726096 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-022-02522-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive impairment is one of the most salient non-motor symptoms of Parkinson disease (PD) that poses a significant burden on the patients and carers as well as being a risk factor for early mortality. People with PD show a wide spectrum of cognitive dysfunctions ranging from subjective cognitive decline and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to frank dementia. The mean frequency of PD with MCI (PD-MCI) is 25.8% and the pooled dementia frequency is 26.3% increasing up to 83% 20 years after diagnosis. A better understanding of the underlying pathological processes will aid in directing disease-specific treatment. Modern neuroimaging studies revealed considerable changes in gray and white matter in PD patients with cognitive impairment, cortical atrophy, hypometabolism, dopamine/cholinergic or other neurotransmitter dysfunction and increased amyloid burden, but multiple mechanism are likely involved. Combined analysis of imaging and fluid markers is the most promising method for identifying PD-MCI and Parkinson disease dementia (PDD). Morphological substrates are a combination of Lewy- and Alzheimer-associated and other concomitant pathologies with aggregation of α-synuclein, amyloid, tau and other pathological proteins in cortical and subcortical regions causing destruction of essential neuronal networks. Significant pathological heterogeneity within PD-MCI reflects deficits in various cognitive domains. This review highlights the essential neuroimaging data and neuropathological changes in PD with cognitive impairment, the amount and topographical distribution of pathological protein aggregates and their pathophysiological relevance. Large-scale clinicopathological correlative studies are warranted to further elucidate the exact neuropathological correlates of cognitive impairment in PD and related synucleinopathies as a basis for early diagnosis and future disease-modifying therapies.
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