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Mendes FC, Garcia-Larsen V, Moreira A. Obesity and Asthma: Implementing a Treatable Trait Care Model. Clin Exp Allergy 2024. [PMID: 38938020 DOI: 10.1111/cea.14520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Recognition of obesity as a treatable trait of asthma, impacting its development, clinical presentation and management, is gaining widespread acceptance. Obesity is a significant risk factor and disease modifier for asthma, complicating treatment. Epidemiological evidence highlights that obese asthma correlates with poorer disease control, increased severity and persistence, compromised lung function and reduced quality of life. Various mechanisms contribute to the physiological and clinical complexities observed in individuals with obesity and asthma. These encompass different immune responses, including Type IVb, where T helper 2 cells are pivotal and driven by cytokines like interleukins 4, 5, 9 and 13, and Type IVc, characterised by T helper 17 cells and Type 3 innate lymphoid cells producing interleukin 17, which recruits neutrophils. Additionally, Type V involves immune response dysregulation with significant activation of T helper 1, 2 and 17 responses. Finally, Type VI is recognised as metabolic-induced immune dysregulation associated with obesity. Body mass index (BMI) stands out as a biomarker of a treatable trait in asthma, readily identifiable and targetable, with significant implications for disease management. There exists a notable gap in treatment options for individuals with obese asthma, where asthma management guidelines lack specificity. For example, there is currently no evidence supporting the use of incretin mimetics to improve asthma outcomes in asthmatic individuals without Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In this review, we advocate for integrating BMI into asthma care models by establishing clear target BMI goals, promoting sustainable weight loss via healthy dietary choices and physical activity and implementing regular reassessment and referral as necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca Castro Mendes
- EPIUnit-Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório Para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional Em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Basic and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Vanessa Garcia-Larsen
- Program in Human Nutrition, Department of International Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - André Moreira
- EPIUnit-Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório Para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional Em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Basic and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Serviço de Imunoalergologia, Centro Hospitalar Universitário São João, Porto, Portugal
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Briggs Early K, Valencia SI, Stendell-Hollis N, Klyve D, Gee DL. Hypertension Prevalence and Related Risk Factors Among Mexican American Adults Are Increasing: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999 to 2018. J Am Heart Assoc 2024; 13:e030126. [PMID: 38818945 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.030126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acculturation affects hypertension prevalence among Hispanic people, but there have been no recent analyses specifically focused on Mexican American (MA) people. We sought to determine age-adjusted hypertension prevalence, abdominal obesity, and acculturation trends among MA adults and non-Hispanic White adults. METHODS AND RESULTS Data from the NHANES (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey) were analyzed in 2-year increments to observe trends in hypertension and risk factors (age, sex, body mass index, smoking status, abdominal obesity, waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), education, and income). Acculturation was based on three commonly used measures. The sample included 30 920 adults. Age-adjusted hypertension prevalence is higher in MA adults (52.7%) than White adults (48.3%). Hypertension risk factors-age, obesity prevalence, WHtR, acculturation-all significantly increased among MA adults, while smoking declined. Higher acculturation scores increased hypertension likelihood (odds ratio [OR], 1.44 [95% CI, 0.91-1.97]) for MA adults compared with those with lower acculturation scores. White adults with elevated WHtR >0.5 had a 40% higher risk of hypertension than those with WHtR <0.5, but among MA adults, elevated WHtR did not increase risk for hypertension. There was a significant increase in hypertension prevalence among MA adults from 2003 to 2018 at an average biennial rate of 2.23%. There was no change in hypertension prevalence among White adults from 1999 to 2018. CONCLUSIONS Over 20 years of NHANES, more highly acculturated MA adults were at greater risk for hypertension, despite declines in smoking and controlling for age, sex, obesity status, education, and income. Finding ways to promote more traditional lifestyle and eating habits for MA adults could be a beneficial approach to reducing hypertension risk factors in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathaleen Briggs Early
- Department of Biomedical Sciences Pacific Northwest University of Health Sciences Yakima WA USA
| | - Sandra I Valencia
- Department of Health Sciences Central Washington University Ellensburg WA USA
| | | | - Dominic Klyve
- Department of Mathematics Central Washington University Ellensburg WA USA
| | - David L Gee
- Department of Health Sciences Central Washington University Ellensburg WA USA
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3
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García-Moreno JM, Calvo-Muñoz I, Gómez-Conesa A, López-López JA. Obesity and overweight as risk factors for low back pain in children and adolescents: a meta-analysis. Int J Obes (Lond) 2024; 48:612-625. [PMID: 38273033 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-024-01475-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood obesity and overweight are associated with musculoskeletal pain, but the association between low back pain (LBP) and overweight/obesity in this population needs clarification. The objective of this meta-analysis is to ascertain the relationship between LBP and obesity/overweight in children and adolescents. METHODS Various databases and specialized journals were queried from inception to October 2022. Encompassed were all studies examining the association between overweight or obesity and LBP among participants aged 6 to 18 years. The ROBINS-E tool was employed to assess bias. Random-effects models were used to pool results across studies, with location-scale models used to search for moderator variables where evidence of heterogeneity was found. RESULTS In total, 34 studies were incorporated. Four studies had a low risk of bias, while the remaining studies had some concerns. Nine studies evinced an association between overweight and LBP, in contrast to normal weight, yielding an OR of 1.13 (95% CI 1.10-1.16) and no heterogeneity. Eight studies demonstrated a similar association between obesity and LBP compared to normal weight, with an OR of 1.27 (95% CI 1.20-1.34) and no heterogeneity. Ten studies established an association between overweight/obesity and LBP compared to normal weight, yielding an OR of 1.18 (95% CI 1.14-1.23) and no heterogeneity. Finally, nineteen studies showcased an association between body mass index (BMI) and LBP, with an OR of 1.19 (95% CI 1.03-1.39) with evidence of heterogeneity. For this last analysis, we compared the mean BMI in groups and transformed results to log OR, and then retransformed to OR. CONCLUSION Overweight and obesity may be risk factors for LBP in children and adolescents. The association between LBP and obesity appears to be stronger than with overweight. However, the analysis revealed considerable heterogeneity and risk of bias across studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Antonia Gómez-Conesa
- Research Group Research Methods and Evaluation in Social Sciences. Mare Nostrum Campus of International Excellence, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - José Antonio López-López
- Research Group Research Methods and Evaluation in Social Sciences. Mare Nostrum Campus of International Excellence, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Dept. of Basic Psychology and Methodology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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Jakše B, Gilić B, Đurović M, Šajber D. The Effects of an Eight-Week Swimming Program on Body Composition and Assessment of Dietary Intake in Post-COVID-19 Patients. J Nutr Metab 2024; 2024:3037784. [PMID: 38571925 PMCID: PMC10990646 DOI: 10.1155/2024/3037784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 infection and its consequences (long-term COVID-19 syndrome) have implications for weight loss, body composition, and diet quality. In the context of the "PostCovSwim" project, which is part of a broader international study, the impact of an eight-week swimming program on post-COVID-19 patients' nutritional status (i.e., body composition and dietary intake) was evaluated. Body composition and dietary intake were assessed by medically approved and calibrated bioelectrical impedance (Tanita 780 S MA) and food frequency questionnaires. At the baseline, most participants were classified as overweight based on their body mass index (BMI). However, their body fat percentage (BF%) classification indicated normal weight, although females were near obesity thresholds. Furthermore, at the baseline, according to the BMI classification, 62% of females and 61% of males were female, whereas according to the BF% for obesity classification, 44% of females and 43% of males were considered overweight or obese. Surprisingly, despite the eight-week program, there were no significant changes in body composition. Additionally, the assessment of dietary intake, which remained consistent throughout the study, revealed dietary imbalances characterized by an unhealthy low-carbohydrate, high-fat dietary pattern. This dietary pattern entailed excessive consumption of ultraprocessed foods; reduced carbohydrate intake (39% E vs. 37% E); increased total fat intake (46% E vs. 47% E); increased saturated fatty acids (14% E vs. 13% E); increased cholesterol (412 mg/d vs. 425 mg/d); increased free sugars (7% E vs. 7% E); and inadequate intake of fibre (24 g/d vs. 20 g/d), polyunsaturated fatty acids (6.6% E vs. 7.7% E), vitamin B12 (in females: 3.1 µg/d), vitamin C (86 mg/d vs. 66 mg/d), vitamin D (2 µg/d vs. 3.2 µg/d), folate (in males: 258 µg/d), calcium (777 mg/d vs. 743 mg/d), and selenium (in males: 66 µg/d). After an eight-week swimming program following COVID-19, no significant changes were observed in the subjects' body composition. Their dietary intake was found to not align with the dietary recommendations. These findings underscore the urgency of implementing comprehensive dietary and lifestyle interventions for post-COVID-19 patients to optimize their recovery and overall well-being. Physical activity, like a swimming program, may positively affect various aspects of human well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Barbara Gilić
- University of Split, Faculty of Kinesiology, Split, Croatia
| | - Marko Đurović
- Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia
| | - Dorica Šajber
- Faculty of Sport, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Swimming Association of Slovenia, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Alqarni AA, Badr OI, Aldhahir AM, Alqahtani JS, Siraj RA, Naser AY, Alghamdi AS, Majrshi M, Alghamdi SM, Alyami MM, Alghamdi SA, Alwafi H. Obesity Prevalence and Association with Spirometry Profiles, ICU Admission, and Comorbidities Among Patients with COPD: Retrospective Study in Two Tertiary Centres in Saudi Arabia. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2024; 19:111-120. [PMID: 38249824 PMCID: PMC10799648 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s442851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity is common among chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients and is associated with an increase in acute exacerbation episodes. However, data on obesity's impact on and association with clinical outcomes among patients with COPD are limited. This study aimed to determine overweight and obesity prevalence and associations with spirometry profiles, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and comorbidities in patients with COPD. Methods In this retrospective cohort study, we reviewed the electronic health records of adult individuals diagnosed with COPD who visited the studied pulmonary clinics between 1 January 2018 and 31 December 2022 and then collected key demographic variables and relevant clinical outcomes and comorbidities. Results A total of 474 patients with COPD were included in the final analysis, of whom 60% were male. The occurrences of overweight and obesity were 32.7% and 38.2%, respectively. The presence of comorbidities was high in obese patients (78.4%), followed by overweight patients (63.8%) with COPD. Obese and overweight patients had the highest ward admission rates (38.3% and 34.2%, respectively). ICU admissions were higher in obese and overweight patients (16% and 12%, respectively) compared with normal-weight patients (9%). Although no significant correlation was found between body mass index and spirometry parameters, comorbidities and ICU admission were linked to overweight and obesity in COPD patients (AOR: 1.82 95% CI: 1.15 to 2.86 and AOR: 3.34 95% CI 1.35 to 8.22, respectively). Conclusion Our findings imply that obesity in COPD is prevalent and is associated with adverse clinical outcomes including a greater number of comorbidities and higher rates of hospitalization and admission to ICUs although no associations were found between body weight and spirometry parameters. Further studies are needed to assess whether implementing and optimising obesity screening and management at an early stage in COPD can prevent further deterioration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah A Alqarni
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, Faculty of Medical Rehabilitation Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Respiratory Therapy Unit, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omaima I Badr
- Department of Chest Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Al Noor Specialist Hospital, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulelah M Aldhahir
- Respiratory Therapy Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jaber S Alqahtani
- Department of Respiratory Care, Prince Sultan Military College of Health Sciences, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rayan A Siraj
- Department of Respiratory Care, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdallah Y Naser
- Department of Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Isra University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Abdulrhman S Alghamdi
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mansour Majrshi
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Respiratory Medicine, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK
| | - Saeed M Alghamdi
- Clinical Technology Department, Respiratory Care Program, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed M Alyami
- Respiratory Therapy Department, Batterjee Medical College, Khamis Mushait, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sara A Alghamdi
- Respiratory Care Department, AlSalama Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan Alwafi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
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Chang CS, Chang LY, Wu CC, Chang HY. Associations between social jetlag trajectories and body mass index among young adults. Sleep 2024; 47:zsad270. [PMID: 37855456 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsad270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES This study employed longitudinal data collected repeatedly from individuals over the course of several years to examine the trajectories of social jetlag from ages 11 to 22 years and their associations with subsequent body mass index (BMI). Potential sex differences were also investigated. METHODS Data were obtained from two longitudinal studies conducted in Taiwan (N = 4287). Social jetlag was defined as ≥ 2 hours of absolute difference in sleep midpoint between weekdays and weekends. BMI was calculated using weight (kg)/height(m)2 and categorized as underweight (<18 kg/m2), normal weight (18 kg/m2 ≤ BMI < 24 kg/m2), overweight (24 kg/m2 ≤ BMI < 27 kg/m2), and obese (≥27 kg/m2). Group-based trajectory modeling and multinomial logistic regression were applied to investigate study objectives. RESULTS Four distinct trajectories of social jetlag throughout the adolescent years were identified, with corresponding proportions as follows: low-stable (42%), moderate-decreasing (19%), low-increasing (22%), and chronic (17%) trajectories. Among males, the risk of being underweight (aOR, 1.96; 95% CI: 1.35 to 2.84) or obese (aOR, 1.40; 95% CI: 1.02 to 1.92) was higher in individuals with a low-increasing trajectory than in those with a low-stable trajectory. Among females, those with a low-increasing (aOR, 1.61; 95% CI: 1.02 to 2.54) or chronic (aOR, 2.04; 95% CI: 1.27 to 3.25) trajectory were at a higher risk of being obese relative to those with a low-stable trajectory. CONCLUSIONS Addressing the development of increasing or chronic social jetlag during adolescence can help prevent abnormal BMI in young adulthood. Practitioners should consider sex differences in treatment or consultation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Shuan Chang
- Institute of Health Behaviors and Community Sciences, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ling-Yin Chang
- Institute of Health Behaviors and Community Sciences, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chen Wu
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Hsing-Yi Chang
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan
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Romero Dorta E, Wolf A, Hübscher A, Blaschke-Waluga D, Seeland U, Crayen C, Bischoff S, Mattig I, Dreger H, Stangl K, Regitz-Zagrosek V, Landmesser U, Knebel F, Stangl V, Brand A. Impact of body mass index on worsening of diastolic function and impairment of left atrial strain in the general female urban population: a subanalysis of the Berlin female risk evaluation echocardiography follow-up study. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1242805. [PMID: 37799777 PMCID: PMC10548209 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1242805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The association of body mass index (BMI) with diastolic dysfunction (DD) is well described in the literature. However, there is conflicting evidence and long-term follow-up data regarding effects of BMI on preclinical DD and left atrial (LA) function are scarce, highlighting the importance of early detection tools, such as myocardial strain. Purpose The aim of our study was to prospectively analyze the impact of clinical and demographic parameters, especially of BMI, on worsening of diastolic function and left atrial strain (LAS) in an urban population of women with a low prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors. Methods and Results An extensive clinical and echocardiographic assessment comprising the analysis of phasic LAS using two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography (2D STE) was performed in 258 participants of the Berlin Female Risk Evaluation (BEFRI) trial between October 2019 and December 2020 after a mean follow-up period of 6.8 years. We compared clinical and echocardiographic parameters stratifying women by BMI < or ≥25 kg/m2, and we analyzed the impact of demographic characteristics on the worsening of DD and LA mechanics in the longer-term follow-up using univariate and multivariate regression analyses. 248 women were suitable for echocardiographic analysis of LAS using 2D STE. After a mean follow-up time of 6.8 years, LA reservoir strain (LASr) and LA conduit strain (LAScd) were significantly reduced in participants with a BMI ≥25 kg/m2 compared with women with a BMI <25 kg/m2 at baseline (30 ± 8% vs. 38 ± 9%, p < 0.0001; -14 ± 7% vs. -22 ± 8%, p < 0.0001). 28% of the overweighted women presented a deterioration of diastolic function at the time of follow-up in contrast with only 7% of the group with a BMI <25 kg/m2 (p < 0.0001). BMI remained significantly associated with LAS reductions after adjustment for other risk factors in multivariate regression analyses. Conclusion Overweight and obesity are related to impaired LAS and to a worsening of diastolic function after a long-term follow-up in a cohort of randomly selected women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Romero Dorta
- Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
- Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Adrian Wolf
- Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
- Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anne Hübscher
- Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
- Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniela Blaschke-Waluga
- Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ute Seeland
- Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Claudia Crayen
- Freie Universität Berlin, Department of Education and Psychology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sven Bischoff
- Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Isabel Mattig
- Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
- Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BIH Biomedical Innovation Academy, Berlin, Germany
| | - Henryk Dreger
- Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
- Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site, Berlin, Germany
| | - Karl Stangl
- Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
- Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site, Berlin, Germany
| | - Vera Regitz-Zagrosek
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site, Berlin, Germany
- Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Gender in Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital ZüRich, University of ZüRich, Switzerland
| | - Ulf Landmesser
- Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site, Berlin, Germany
- Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Fabian Knebel
- Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site, Berlin, Germany
- Clinical Department of Cardiology, Internal Medicine II,Sana Klinikum Berlin-Lichtenberg, Germany
| | - Verena Stangl
- Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
- Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anna Brand
- Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
- Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site, Berlin, Germany
- Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
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Khamseh ME, Emami Z, Iranpour A, Mahmoodian R, Amouei E, Tizmaghz A, Moradi Y, Baradaran HR. Attitude and Belief of Healthcare Professionals Towards Effective Obesity Care and Perception of Barriers; An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. ARCHIVES OF IRANIAN MEDICINE 2023; 26:529-541. [PMID: 38310408 PMCID: PMC10862058 DOI: 10.34172/aim.2023.78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a serious chronic disease that adversely affects health and quality of life. However, a significant percentage of people do not participate in or adhere to weight loss programs. Therefore, a multidisciplinary approach is needed to identify critical barriers to effective obesity management and to examine health practitioners' attitudes and behaviors towards effective obesity treatment. METHODS This systematic review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA 2020. Eligible studies were identified through a systematic review of the literature using Medline, Scopus, Cochrane, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and Embase databases from January 1, 2011 to March 2, 2021. RESULTS A total of 57 articles were included. Data on 12663 physicians were extracted from a total of 35 quantitative articles. Some of the most commonly perceived attitude issues included "obesity has a huge impact on overall health", "obesity is a disease" and "HCPs are to blame". Health professionals were more inclined to believe in "using BMI to assess obesity," "advice to increase physical activity," and "diet/calorie reduction advice." The major obstacles to optimal treatment of obesity were "lack of motivation", "lack of time" and "lack of success". CONCLUSION Although the majority of health care professionals consider obesity as a serious disease which has a large impact on overall health, counseling for lifestyle modification, pharmacologic or surgical intervention occur in almost half of the visits. Increasing the length of physician visits as well as tailoring appropriate training programs could improve health care for obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad E. Khamseh
- Endocrine Research Center, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Emami
- Endocrine Research Center, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aida Iranpour
- Research Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reyhaneh Mahmoodian
- Department of Internal Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Erfan Amouei
- Department of Internal Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Adnan Tizmaghz
- Department of Surgery, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yousef Moradi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Hamid R Baradaran
- Endocrine Research Center, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Ageing Clinical & Experimental Research Team, Institute of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Scotland, UK
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9
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Chen L, Zhao S, Wang Y, Niu X, Zhang B, Li X, Peng D. Genetic Insights into Obesity and Brain: Combine Mendelian Randomization Study and Gene Expression Analysis. Brain Sci 2023; 13:892. [PMID: 37371369 PMCID: PMC10295948 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13060892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
As a major public-health concern, obesity is imposing an increasing social burden around the world. The link between obesity and brain-health problems has been reported, but controversy remains. To investigate the relationship among obesity, brain-structure changes and diseases, a two-stage analysis was performed. At first, we used the Mendelian-randomization (MR) approach to identify the causal relationship between obesity and cerebral structure. Obesity-related data were retrieved from the Genetic Investigation of ANthropometric Traits (GIANT) consortium and the UK Biobank, whereas the cortical morphological data were from the Enhancing NeuroImaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis (ENIGMA) consortium. Further, we extracted region-specific expressed genes according to the Allen Human Brian Atlas (AHBA) and carried out a series of bioinformatics analyses to find the potential mechanism of obesity and diseases. In the univariable MR, a higher body mass index (BMI) or larger visceral adipose tissue (VAT) was associated with a smaller global cortical thickness (pBMI = 0.006, pVAT = 1.34 × 10-4). Regional associations were found between obesity and specific gyrus regions, mainly in the fusiform gyrus and inferior parietal gyrus. Multivariable MR results showed that a greater body fat percentage was linked to a smaller fusiform-gyrus thickness (p = 0.029) and precuneus surface area (p = 0.035). As for the gene analysis, region-related genes were enriched to several neurobiological processes, such as compound transport, neuropeptide-signaling pathway, and neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction. These genes contained a strong relationship with some neuropsychiatric diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, epilepsy, and other disorders. Our results reveal a causal relationship between obesity and brain abnormalities and suggest a pathway from obesity to brain-structure abnormalities to neuropsychiatric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leian Chen
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital (Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Shaokun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yuye Wang
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital (Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiaoqian Niu
- Department of Neurology, Peking University China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital (Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Dantao Peng
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital (Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100029, China
- Department of Neurology, Peking University China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
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Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity and Their Impact on Spirometry Parameters in Patients with Asthma: A Multicentre, Retrospective Study. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12051843. [PMID: 36902630 PMCID: PMC10003518 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12051843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Obesity is a common comorbidity in patients with asthma and has a significant impact on health and prognoses. However, the extent to which overweight and obesity impact asthma, particularly lung function, remains unclear. This study aimed to report on the prevalence of overweight and obesity and assess their impacts on spirometry parameters in asthmatic patients. METHODS In this multicentre, retrospective study, we reviewed the demographic data and spirometry results of all adult patients with confirmed diagnoses of asthma who visited the studied hospitals' pulmonary clinics between January 2016 and October 2022. RESULTS In total, 684 patients with confirmed diagnoses of asthma were included in the final analysis, of whom 74% were female, with a mean ± SD age of 47 ± 16 years. The prevalence of overweight and obesity among patients with asthma was 31.1% and 46.0%, respectively. There was a significant decline in spirometry results in obese patients with asthma compared with patients with healthy weights. Furthermore, body mass index (BMI) was negatively correlated with forced vital capacity (FVC) (L), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), forced expiratory flow at 25-75% (FEF 25-75%) L/s and peak expiratory flow (PEF) L/s (r = -0.22, p < 0.001; r = -0.17, p < 0.001; r = -0.15, p < 0.001; r = -0.12, p < 0.01, respectively). Following adjustments for confounders, a higher BMI was independently associated with lower FVC (B -0.02 [95% CI -0.028, -0.01, p < 0.001] and lower FEV1 (B -0.01 [95% CI -0.01, -0.001, p < 0.05]. CONCLUSIONS Overweight and obesity are highly prevalent in asthma patients, and more importantly, they can reduce lung function, characterised mainly by reduced FEV1 and FVC. These observations highlight the importance of implementing a nonpharmacological approach (i.e., weight loss) as part of the treatment plan for patients with asthma to improve lung function.
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11
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Irilouzadian R, Afaghi S, Esmaeili Tarki F, Rahimi F, Malekpour Alamadari N. Urinary c-peptide creatinine ratio (UCPCR) as a predictor of coronary artery disease in type 1 diabetes mellitus. Endocrinol Diabetes Metab 2023; 6:e413. [PMID: 36808709 PMCID: PMC10164436 DOI: 10.1002/edm2.413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elevated C-peptide has been suggested as a risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD). Elevated urinary C-peptide to creatinine ratio (UCPCR) as an alternative measurement is shown to be related to insulin secretion dysfunction; however, data regarding UCPCR predictive value for CAD in diabetes mellitus (DM) are scarce. Therefore, we aimed to assess the UCPCR association with CAD in type 1 DM (T1DM) patients. METHODS 279 patients previously diagnosed with T1DM included and categorized into two groups of CAD (n = 84) and without-CAD (n = 195). Furthermore, each group was divided into obese (body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30) and non-obese (BMI < 30) groups. Four models utilizing the binary logistic regression were designed to evaluate the role of UCPCR in CAD adjusted for well-known risk factors and mediators. RESULTS Median level of UCPCR was higher in CAD group compared to non-CAD group (0.07 vs. 0.04, respectively). Also, the well-acknowledged risk factors including being active smoker, hypertension, duration of diabetes, and body mass index (BMI) as well as higher levels of haemoglobin A1C (HbA1C), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and estimated glomeruli filtration rate (e-GFR) had more significant pervasiveness in CAD patients. Based on multiple adjustments by logistic regression, UCPCR was a strong risk factor of CAD among T1DM patients independent of hypertension, demographic variables (gender, age, smoking, alcohol consumption), diabetes-related factors (diabetes duration, FBS, HbA1C), lipid profile (TC, LDL, HDL, TG) and renal-related indicators (creatinine, e-GFR, albuminuria, uric acid) in both patients with BMI≥30 and BMI < 30. CONCLUSION UCPCR is associated with clinical CAD, independent of CAD classic risk factors, glycaemic control, insulin resistance and BMI in type 1 DM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana Irilouzadian
- Burn Research Center, Iran university of medical sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Siamak Afaghi
- Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzad Esmaeili Tarki
- Research institute of internal medicine, Shahid Modarres hospital, Shahid Beheshti university of medical sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemehsadat Rahimi
- Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Masih Daneshvari Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasser Malekpour Alamadari
- Department of Surgery, Clinical Research and Development Center, Shahid Modarres Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Jakše B, Godnov U, Pinter S. Nutritional Status of Slovene Adults in the Post-COVID-19 Epidemic Period. Eur J Investig Health Psychol Educ 2022; 12:1729-1742. [PMID: 36547023 PMCID: PMC9777729 DOI: 10.3390/ejihpe12120122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Monitoring nutritional status data in the adult population is extremely important to mediate their health status. Unfortunately, for Slovenia (2.1 million European Union citizens), data on the body composition status of the general adult population are currently rare or nonexistent in scientific journals. Furthermore, dietary intake was last assessed several years before the COVID-19 epidemic period. Methods: We randomly recruited 844 adult Slovenes from all regions of Slovenia. The primary aim of the cross-sectional study was to examine body composition status (using a medically approved electrical bioimpedance monitor) during the post-COVID-19 epidemic period. In addition, we assessed dietary intake (using a standardized food frequency questionnaire) and compared the obesity propensity for both sexes separately using the body mass index (BMI) and body fat percentage (FAT%) obesity classification of the World Health Organization. Results: Regarding BMI classification, 43% of the whole sample was overweight (28%) or obese (15%), and there were more older adults than adults (64% vs. 42%, p < 0.001). The average FAT% of adult females and males was 26.9% and 19.5% (p < 0.001), respectively, while for older adult females and males, it was 32.7% and 23% (p < 0.001). In addition, a comparison of the proportions of obese people between the two cut-off obesity classifications (BMI vs. FAT%) showed a significantly underestimated proportion of obese female participants based on BMI classification (13% vs. 17%, p = 0.005). In terms of the dietary intake of the assessed nutrients in comparison with the national dietary reference values for energy and nutrient intake, the participants, on average, had lower intake than the recommended values for carbohydrates, fiber, vitamins C, D and E (for males) and calcium, and higher intake than the recommended values for total fat, saturated fatty acids, cholesterol, sodium and chloride (for males). Conclusions: The results urgently call for the need to not only improve the overall national nutritional status but also for regular national monitoring of body composition and dietary intake statuses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boštjan Jakše
- Independent Researcher, 1230 Domžale, Slovenia
- Correspondence:
| | - Uroš Godnov
- Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, 6000 Koper, Slovenia
| | - Stanislav Pinter
- Basics of Movements in Sport, Faculty of Sport, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Narciso J, Croome N. How does body mass index impact self-perceived health? A pan-European analysis of the European Health Interview Survey Wave 2. BMJ Nutr Prev Health 2022; 5:235-242. [PMID: 36619340 PMCID: PMC9813638 DOI: 10.1136/bmjnph-2022-000439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity remains a major global public health issue, despite numerous attempts to address it. Health behaviour theories suggest that a misconception of how excess weight affects general health may be preventing individuals from taking action towards addressing it. The present study explores this relationship in European countries. Methods This study analysed cross-sectional secondary data collected as part of the European Health Interview Survey Wave 2 (2013-2015), with a total sample of 299 846 participants. The association between body mass index and self-perceived health was analysed using logistic regression models. Age, sex, country, degree of urbanisation and level of education were included in the model to determine excess weight's independent contribution to self-perceived health over and above these variables. Results The majority of the sample was in the excess weight category (52.92%; n=155 812), with only Austria and Luxembourg reporting a higher proportion of normal weight than excess weight. An analysis of self-perceived health revealed that most individuals perceived themselves to be in good health (42.88%; n=128 579). Logistic regression results show that overweight individuals were more likely to report being in poorer self-perceived health (OR=1.27, 95% CI 1.25 to 1.29) compared with normal weight individuals. The same effect was observed for individuals in the obese class I (OR=2.00, 95% CI 1.96 to 2.05), obese class II (OR=3.00, 95% CI 2.88 to 3.13) and obese class III (OR=4.38, 95% CI 4.07 to 4.71) categories. However, this study did not find a rigid pattern of association between excess weight and self-perceived health across European countries. Conclusion In general, a higher body mass index category is associated with poorer self-perceived health, suggesting that the majority of the study population have a correct perception of how their weight affects their health. However, in some key countries this relationship is not observed and should be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Narciso
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Natasha Croome
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Abu-Shawish G, Betsy J, Anil S. Is Obesity a Risk Factor for Periodontal Disease in Adults? A Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:12684. [PMID: 36231983 PMCID: PMC9566678 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
There is inconclusive evidence about the link between the severity and prevalence of periodontitis in obese adults. Therefore, this systematic review aims to explore the possibility of significant evidence on the association between obesity and periodontitis and to determine the necessity to consider obesity as a risk factor for periodontitis. We followed the PRISMA protocol, and studies that met the eligibility criteria were included in this review. The risk of bias in individual studies was also evaluated. This review included 15 observational studies (9 cross-sectional studies, 2 case-control, and 4 cohort studies). The total study subjects from these studies were 6603 (males = 3432; females = 3171). Most studies showed a significant association between obesity and periodontitis. Among these studies, a few showed obese females to be at a higher risk, and one study found no association between obesity and periodontal disease at all. Based on the evidence obtained from this review, the body mass index (BMI) should be routinely assessed in patients to assess the risk for periodontal disease and to offer personalized management of periodontitis. Based on the findings of this review, we recommend the need to initiate awareness among clinicians and implement dental hygiene care prevention measures for obese patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghadah Abu-Shawish
- Department of Dentistry, Oral Health Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Qatar University, Doha 3050, Qatar
| | - Joseph Betsy
- Department of Periodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai 600077, India
| | - Sukumaran Anil
- Department of Dentistry, Oral Health Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Qatar University, Doha 3050, Qatar
- Pushpagiri Research Centre, Pushpagiri Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre Thiruvalla, Pathanamthitta 689101, India
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Risk variants of obesity associated genes demonstrate BMI raising effect in a large cohort. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0274904. [PMID: 36126070 PMCID: PMC9488755 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is highly polygenic disease where several genetic variants have been reportedly associated with obesity in different ethnicities of the world. In the current study, we identified the obesity risk or protective association and BMI raising effect of the minor allele of adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing (ADIPOQ), cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CEPT), FTO alpha-ketoglutarate dependent dioxygenase (FTO), leptin (LEP), and leptin receptor (LEPR) genes in a large cohort stratified into four BMI-based body weight categories i.e., normal weight, lean, over-weight, and obese. Based on selected candidate genetic markers, the genotyping of all study subjects was performed by PCR assays, and genotypes and allele frequencies were calculated. The minor allele frequencies (MAFs) of all genetic markers were computed for total and BMI-based body weight categories and compared with MAFs of global and South Asian (SAS) populations. Genetic associations of variants with obesity risk were calculated and BMI raising effect per copy of the minor allele were estimated. The genetic variants with higher MAFs in obese BMI group were; rs2241766 (G = 0.43), rs17817449 (G = 0.54), rs9939609 (A = 0.51), rs1421085 (C = 0.53), rs1558902 (A = 0.63), and rs1137101 (G = 0.64) respectively. All these variants were significantly associated with obesity (OR = 1.03–4.42) and showed a high BMI raising effect (β = 0.239–0.31 Kg/m2) per copy of the risk allele. In contrast, the MAFs of three variants were higher in lean-normal BMI groups; rs3764261 A = 0.38, rs9941349 T = 0.43, and rs7799039 G = 0.40–0.43). These variants showed obesity protective associations (OR = 0.68–0.76), and a BMI lowering effect per copy of the protective allele (β = -0.103–0.155 Kg/m2). The rs3764261 variant also showed significant and positive association with lean body mass (OR = 2.38, CI = 1.30–4.34). Overall, we report six genetic variants of ADIPOQ, FTO and LEPR genes as obesity-risk markers and a CETP gene variant as lean mass/obesity protective marker in studied Pakistani cohort.
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Pfisterer J, Rausch C, Wohlfarth D, Bachert P, Jekauc D, Wunsch K. Effectiveness of Physical-Activity-Based Interventions Targeting Overweight and Obesity among University Students—A Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19159427. [PMID: 35954789 PMCID: PMC9368556 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19159427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Overweight and obesity, including their prevalence and consequences, reflect a leading public health problem. Studies have already shown that physical activity leads to a reduction in body weight in children and adults. However, the university setting has rarely been investigated. The aim of this review is, therefore, to examine and summarize the effectiveness of physical-activity-based interventions to reduce obesity and overweight in university students. Three databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science) were searched for relevant studies published in English between January 2010 and February 2022. Quantitative studies conducting a physical-activity-based intervention with overweight or obese university students and reporting changes in BMI were included. Data were described in a narrative synthesis. Out of 16 included studies, 11 reported a significant reduction in BMI. However, all studies except one were able to demonstrate some BMI improvements, whereas all studies reported significant changes in at least one health-related indicator. Aerobic exercises were able to demonstrate the greatest reductions in BMI. This review is the first systematic presentation on the effectiveness of physical-activity-based interventions in overweight and obese university students. Future work should reconsider BMI as the primary outcome if appropriate within the respective study design (i.e., to measure long-term effects). More interventions are needed to improve strategies.
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Muhammad T, Paul R, Rashmi R, Srivastava S. Examining sex disparity in the association of waist circumference, waist-hip ratio and BMI with hypertension among older adults in India. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13117. [PMID: 35907951 PMCID: PMC9338983 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17518-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is a public health issue touted as a “silent killer” worldwide. The present study aimed to explore the sex differential in the association of anthropometric measures including body mass index, waist circumference, and waist-hip ratio with hypertension among older adults in India. The study used data from the Longitudinal Aging Study in India (LASI) conducted during 2017–18. The sample contains 15,098 males and 16,366 females aged 60 years and above. Descriptive statistics (percentages) along with bivariate analysis were presented. Multivariable binary logistic regression analyses were used to examine the associations between the outcome variable (hypertension) and putative risk or protective factors. About 33.9% of males and 38.2% of females aged 60 years and above suffered from hypertension. After adjusting for the socioeconomic, demographic and health-behavioral factors, the odds of hypertension were 1.37 times (CI: 1.27–1.47), significantly higher among older adults who were obese or overweight than those with no overweight/obese condition. Older adults with high-risk waist circumference and waist-hip ratio had 1.16 times (CI: 1.08–1.25) and 1.42 times (CI: 1.32–1.51) higher odds of suffering from hypertension, respectively compared to their counterparts with no high-risk waist circumference or waist-hip ratio. The interaction effects showed that older females with overweight/obesity [OR: 0.84; CI: 0.61–0.74], high-risk waist circumference [OR: 0.89; CI: 0.78–0.99], and high-risk waist-hip ratio [OR: 0.90; CI: 0.83–0.97] had a lower chance of suffering from hypertension than their male counterparts with the similar anthropometric status. The findings suggested a larger magnitude of the association between obesity, high-risk waist circumference, high-risk waist-hip ratio and prevalent hypertension among older males than females. The study also highlights the importance of measuring obesity and central adiposity in older individuals and using such measures as screening tools for timely identification of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Muhammad
- International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, 400088, India
| | - Ronak Paul
- International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, 400088, India
| | - Rashmi Rashmi
- International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, 400088, India
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Ahn HN, Lee MG, Jung WS. Effects of gradient and age on energy expenditure and fat metabolism during aerobic exercise at equal intensity in women. Phys Act Nutr 2022; 26:20-27. [PMID: 35510442 PMCID: PMC9081356 DOI: 10.20463/pan.2022.0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] This study aimed to investigate the effects of gradient and age on energy expenditure and fat metabolism during aerobic exercise at equal intensity in women. [Methods] Thirty women in their twenties (n=15) and fifties (n=15) were enrolled. All subjects performed aerobic exercise on a treadmill for 10 min at 0% and 6% gradient repeatedly to elicit 50%, 60%, and 70% VO2max. [Results] Energy expenditure and fat oxidation were higher during aerobic exercise at 6% of the gradient than at 0%, and there was no significant difference in carbohydrate oxidation in any age group. [Conclusion] Aerobic exercise at a 6% gradient was more favorable for fat oxidation than a 0% gradient in all age groups. In particular, in the case of women in their fifties, walking on a gradient of 6%, which is favorable for increasing fat oxidation, was more effective than walking on flat ground for preventing and reducing obesity. However, to examine the difference in fat oxidation among exercise intensities more accurately, exercise performed for longer than 30 min is required. Follow-up studies are required to investigate the effect of various gradients on physiological and metabolic characteristics when carrying out aerobic exercises for more than 30 min.
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Nitsche LJ, Mukherjee S, Cheruvu K, Krabak C, Rachala R, Ratnakaram K, Sharma P, Singh M, Yendamuri S. Exploring the Impact of the Obesity Paradox on Lung Cancer and Other Malignancies. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14061440. [PMID: 35326592 PMCID: PMC8946288 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14061440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Studies have shown that obesity is associated with many adverse health effects, including worse cancer outcomes. Many studies paradoxically suggest a survival benefit for obesity in treatment outcomes of cancers such as non-small-cell lung cancer. This relationship is not seen in animal models. We hypothesize that this relationship is secondary to suboptimal quantification of adiposity, enhanced immunotherapy response, and variables such as sex, medications, and smoking status. There are many ways to measure and classify adiposity, but the ability to distinguish abdominal obesity is likely key in predicting accurate prognosis. There are many ways obesity impacts cancer treatment course from diagnosis to survivorship. In this paper, we aim to analyze the factors contributing to the obesity paradox and its effect on lung cancer. This can aid the treatment and prognosis of lung cancer and may support further research into obesity-specific impacts on this malignancy. Abstract There is a paradoxical relationship between obesity, as measured by BMI, and many types of cancer, including non-small-cell lung cancer. Obese non-small-cell lung cancer patients have been shown to fare better than their non-obese counterparts. To analyze the multifaceted effects of obesity on oncologic outcomes, we reviewed the literature on the obesity paradox, methods to measure adiposity, the obesity-related derangements in immunology and metabolism, and the oncologic impact of confounding variables such as gender, smoking, and concomitant medications such as statins and metformin. We analyzed how these aspects may contribute to the obesity paradox and cancer outcomes with a focus on lung cancer. We concluded that the use of BMI to measure adiposity is limited and should be replaced by a method that can differentiate abdominal obesity. We also concluded that the concomitant metabolic and immunologic derangements caused by obesity contribute to the obesity paradox. Medications, gender, and smoking are additional variables that impact oncologic outcomes, and further research needs to be performed to solidify the mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay Joyce Nitsche
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA; (L.J.N.); (K.C.); (C.K.); (R.R.); (K.R.); (P.S.); (M.S.)
| | - Sarbajit Mukherjee
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA;
| | - Kareena Cheruvu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA; (L.J.N.); (K.C.); (C.K.); (R.R.); (K.R.); (P.S.); (M.S.)
| | - Cathleen Krabak
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA; (L.J.N.); (K.C.); (C.K.); (R.R.); (K.R.); (P.S.); (M.S.)
| | - Rohit Rachala
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA; (L.J.N.); (K.C.); (C.K.); (R.R.); (K.R.); (P.S.); (M.S.)
| | - Kalyan Ratnakaram
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA; (L.J.N.); (K.C.); (C.K.); (R.R.); (K.R.); (P.S.); (M.S.)
| | - Priyanka Sharma
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA; (L.J.N.); (K.C.); (C.K.); (R.R.); (K.R.); (P.S.); (M.S.)
| | - Maddy Singh
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA; (L.J.N.); (K.C.); (C.K.); (R.R.); (K.R.); (P.S.); (M.S.)
| | - Sai Yendamuri
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA; (L.J.N.); (K.C.); (C.K.); (R.R.); (K.R.); (P.S.); (M.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-716-8458675
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Nomatshila SC, Mabunda SA, Puoane T, Apalata TR. Prevalence of Obesity and Associated Risk Factors among Children and Adolescents in the Eastern Cape Province. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:2946. [PMID: 35270639 PMCID: PMC8910414 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19052946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a global public health concern that begins in childhood and is on the rise among people aged 18 and up, with substantial health consequences that offer socioeconomic challenges at all levels, from households to governments. Obesity and associated risk factors were investigated in children and adolescents in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. A cross-sectional study was conducted at Mt Frere among 209 conveniently selected participants using anthropometric measurements and a structured questionnaire. Chi-squared statistics or Fisher's exact test were used to evaluate the risk factors predicting different outcomes such as hypertension or diabetes mellitus. A 5% level of significance was used for statistical significance (p-value 0.05). The prevalence of overweight or obesity among females when using waist circumference (2.7%), triceps skinfold (6.9%), and body mass index cut-offs (16.4%) were respectively higher when compared to those of males. About 89% engaged in physical activities. After school, 53% watched television. About 24.9% of participants did not eat breakfast. Most of overweight or obese participants (92.9%) brought pocket money to school. Use of single anthropometric measurements for assessing nutritional status indicated inconclusive results. Strengthening parental care, motivation for consumption of breakfast and limiting pocket money for children going to school are important steps to improve child health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sikhumbuzo A. Mabunda
- George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2033, Australia;
- School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2033, Australia
| | - Thandi Puoane
- Department of Public Health, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town 7535, South Africa;
| | - Teke R. Apalata
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha 5117, South Africa;
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21
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Zheng C, Zheng X, Lin X, Ye J, Xu Z, Hu H, Wang W, Huang C, Tian J, Liu C. Visceral Adipose Tissue Indices Independently Correlated with Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. J Diabetes Res 2022; 2022:4950528. [PMID: 35187177 PMCID: PMC8853812 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4950528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS We aimed to explore whether visceral adiposity indices were significantly associated with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) patients. METHODS 100 patients with T2DM who underwent overnight polysomnography were analyzed in this study. Anthropometric data, lipid profiles, and glycemic parameters were recorded. Body fat percentage (BFP) and visceral adipose tissue area (VAT area) were collected from a whole body scan using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to explore the associations of AHI with BFP, VAT area, and CVAI. RESULTS The prevalence rate of OSA was 80%, and the mean (±SD) of age was 47.0 ± 13.6 years. Apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) was significantly and positively associated with either VAT area (r = 0.433, p ≤ 0.001) or Chinese visceral adiposity index (CVAI) (r = 0.355, p ≤ 0.001) but not for BFP (r = 0.107, p = 0.294). Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that VAT area and CVAI were significantly associated with increased risk of OSA, and the adjusted ORs were (95% CI) 1.025 (1.003-1.047, p = 0.023) and 1.018 (1.002-1.034, p = 0.030), respectively. However, there was no significant association between BFP and increased risk of OSA. CONCLUSIONS VAT area and CVAI were independent risk factors of OSA in the patients with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiyu Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology, Fujian Medical University Xiamen Humanity Hospital, Xiamen, Fujian Province, China
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, China
| | - Xuanling Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, China
| | - Xiaoyan Lin
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, China
| | - Jiawen Ye
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Ziqing Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, China
| | - Huixian Hu
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, China
| | - Wengui Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, China
| | - Caoxin Huang
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Diabetes Translational Medicine, Xiamen, Fujian Province, China
- Xiamen Diabetes Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, China
| | - Jianqing Tian
- Department of Endocrinology, Fujian Medical University Xiamen Humanity Hospital, Xiamen, Fujian Province, China
| | - Changqin Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, China
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Diabetes Translational Medicine, Xiamen, Fujian Province, China
- Xiamen Diabetes Prevention and Control Center, Xiamen, Fujian Province, China
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22
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Albhaisi S, McClish D, Kang L, Gal T, Sanyal AJ. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is specifically related to the risk of hepatocellular cancer but not extrahepatic malignancies. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1037211. [PMID: 36506048 PMCID: PMC9732089 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1037211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We performed a matched cohort study among individuals with and without nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) to determine: 1) the incidence of cancers (extrahepatic and liver) and their spectrum and 2) if NAFLD increases the risk of extrahepatic cancers. METHODS The NAFLD and non-NAFLD (control) cohorts were identified from electronic medical records via International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes from a single center and followed from 2010 to 2019. Cohorts were matched 1:2 for age, sex, race, body mass index (BMI), and type 2 diabetes. RESULTS A total of 1,412 subjects were included in the analyses. There were 477 individuals with NAFLD and 935 controls (median age, 52 years; women, 54%; white vs. black: 59% vs. 38%; median BMI, 30.4 kg/m2; type 2 diabetes, 34%). The cancer incidence (per 100,000 person-years) was 535 vs. 1,513 (NAFLD vs. control). Liver cancer incidence (per 100,000 person-years) was 89 in the NAFLD group vs. 0 in the control group, whereas the incidence of malignancy was higher across other types of cancer in the control group vs. in the NAFLD group. CONCLUSIONS The overall extrahepatic cancer risk in NAFLD is not increased above and beyond the risk from background risk factors such as age, race, sex, BMI, and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somaya Albhaisi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
- *Correspondence: Somaya Albhaisi,
| | - Donna McClish
- Department of Biostatistics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Le Kang
- Department of Biostatistics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Tamas Gal
- Department of Biostatistics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Arun J. Sanyal
- Divsion of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
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Kolay E, Bykowska-Derda A, Abdulsamad S, Kaluzna M, Samarzewska K, Ruchala M, Czlapka-Matyasik M. Self-Reported Eating Speed Is Associated with Indicators of Obesity in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:healthcare9111559. [PMID: 34828605 PMCID: PMC8619990 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9111559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Eating speed (ES) as a dietary behaviour has become a widely discussed factor for weight management and obesity. This study analysed the relationship between ES and anthropometric indicators of obesity, including BMI and waist circumference (WC) in adults. A search conducted of PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct and Scopus found six longitudinal studies and fifteen cross-sectional studies published for further analysis. A quality assessment was performed with the MINORS checklist. Eight studies were included in the meta-analysis and almost all reviewed studies showed that ES was associated with BMI, and non-fast eaters had significantly lower BMI than fast eaters. Therefore, it was assumed that slowing down the ES may be an effective strategy for weight management and lowering obesity risk. There was also an association between WC and ES. Assessment of eating speed can be included in nutrition surveys to analyse obesity risk. More broadly, research is also needed to establish a validated and standardised methodology to determine eating speed. Further research needs to examine the links between eating speed, obesity, ethnicity, sex, food culture and chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezgi Kolay
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Poznan University of Life Sciences, 31 Wojska Polskiego St., 60-624 Poznan, Poland; (E.K.); (A.B.-D.); (S.A.)
| | - Aleksandra Bykowska-Derda
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Poznan University of Life Sciences, 31 Wojska Polskiego St., 60-624 Poznan, Poland; (E.K.); (A.B.-D.); (S.A.)
| | - Safa Abdulsamad
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Poznan University of Life Sciences, 31 Wojska Polskiego St., 60-624 Poznan, Poland; (E.K.); (A.B.-D.); (S.A.)
| | - Malgorzata Kaluzna
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 49 Przybyszewskiego St., 60-355 Poznan, Poland; (M.K.); (M.R.)
| | - Karolina Samarzewska
- Department of Clinical Auxiology and Pediatric Nursing, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 27/33 Szpitalna, 60-572 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Marek Ruchala
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 49 Przybyszewskiego St., 60-355 Poznan, Poland; (M.K.); (M.R.)
| | - Magdalena Czlapka-Matyasik
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Poznan University of Life Sciences, 31 Wojska Polskiego St., 60-624 Poznan, Poland; (E.K.); (A.B.-D.); (S.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-61-846-62-04
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24
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Shariful Islam M, Ola O, Alaboson J, Dadzie J, Hasan M, Islam N, Mainali S, Saif‐Ur‐Rahman KM. Trends and socioeconomic factors associated with overweight/obesity among three reproductive age groups of women in Nepal. LIFESTYLE MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/lim2.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Joan Alaboson
- Peak Integrated Wellness Centre, Mabushi Abuja Nigeria
| | - Jeffrey Dadzie
- Jackson F. Doe Memorial Regional Referral Hospital Nimba Liberia
| | - Md. Hasan
- Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University Dhaka Bangladesh
| | - Nazmul Islam
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences Qatar University Doha Qatar
| | | | - KM Saif‐Ur‐Rahman
- Health Systems and Population Studies Division, icddr,b Dhaka Bangladesh
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25
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Bulbrook BD, La Delfa NJ, McDonald AC, Liang C, Callaghan JP, Dickerson CR. Higher body mass index and body fat percentage correlate to lower joint and functional strength in working age adults. APPLIED ERGONOMICS 2021; 95:103453. [PMID: 33975206 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2021.103453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
As the prevalence of obesity grows worldwide, it becomes an increasing concern in working populations. Ergonomists are faced with the challenge of accommodating workplace layouts to include this worker demographic. This study investigated the relationship between shoulder and low back isometric joint strengths across body mass index (BMI) groups. Additionally, relationships between body fat percentage (BF%), absolute strength, and strength normalized to body mass were examined. Ninety, healthy, working age participants performed 11 functional and isometric joint strength exertions. BMI group influenced normalized strength, as the obese 2+ (BMI >35.0) group had up to 63.1% lower joint strength than all other BMI groups (p < 0.05). Significant strong to moderate negative linear relationships existed between BF% and normalized strength for both males and females, and relationships were stronger for females. These strength deficits highlight the importance of considering body composition during ergonomics analyses and configuration of occupational tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Carmen Liang
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Canada
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26
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Venniyoor A, Al Farsi AA, Al Bahrani B. The Troubling Link Between Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) and Extrahepatic Cancers (EHC). Cureus 2021; 13:e17320. [PMID: 34557366 PMCID: PMC8449927 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.17320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a fast-spreading epidemic across the globe and has serious implications far beyond that of a "benign" liver condition. It is usually an outcome of ectopic fat storage due to chronic positive energy balance leading to obesity and is associated with multiple health problems. While association with cardiovascular disease and hepatocellular cancer is well recognized, it is becoming clear the NAFLD carries with it an increased risk of cancers of extrahepatic tissues. Studies have reported a higher risk for cancers of the colon, breast, prostate, lung, and pancreas. Fatty liver is associated with increased mortality; there is an urgent need to understand that fatty liver is not always benign, and not always associated with obesity. It is, however, a reversible condition and early recognition and intervention can alter its natural history and associated complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajit Venniyoor
- Medical Oncology, National Oncology Center, The Royal Hospital, Muscat, OMN
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27
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Babu GR, Das A, Lobo E, R D, John DA, Thankachan P, Khetrapal S, Benjamin-Neelon SE, Murthy G. Mid-upper arm circumference in pregnant women and birth weight in newborns as substitute for skinfold thickness: findings from the MAASTHI cohort study, India. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2021; 21:484. [PMID: 34229644 PMCID: PMC8258932 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-021-03915-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Estimating total body fat in public hospitals using gold-standard measurements such as air displacement plethysmography (ADP), deuterium oxide dilution, or dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is unaffordable, and it is challenging to use skinfold thickness. We aimed to identify the appropriate substitute marker for skinfold thickness to estimate total body fat in pregnant women and infants. METHODS The study is part of a prospective cohort study titled MAASTHI in Bengaluru, from 2016 to 19. Anthropometric measurements such as body weight, head circumference, mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC), and skinfold thickness were measured in pregnant women between 14 and 36 weeks of gestational age; while measurements such as birth weight, head, chest, waist, hip, mid-upper arm circumference, and skinfold thickness were recorded for newborns. We calculated Kappa statistics to assess agreement between these anthropometric markers with skinfold thickness. RESULTS We found the highest amount of agreement between total skinfold thickness and MUAC (Kappa statistic, 0.42; 95 % CI 0.38-0.46) in pregnant women. For newborns, the highest agreement with total skinfold thickness was with birth weight (0.57; 95 % CI 0.52-0.60). Our results indicate that MUAC higher than 29.2 cm can serve as a suitable alternative to total skinfolds-based assessments for obesity screening in pregnancy in public facilities. Similarly, a birth weight cut-off of 3.45 kg can be considered for classifying obesity among newborns. CONCLUSION Mid-upper arm circumference and birth weight can be used as markers of skinfold thickness, reflecting total body fat in pregnant women and the infant, respectively. These two anthropometric measurements could substitute for skinfold thickness in low- and middle-income urban India settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giridhara R Babu
- Indian Institute of Public Health-Bengaluru, Public Health Foundation of India (PHFI), Bengaluru, India.
- Wellcome Trust-DBT India Alliance Intermediate Research Fellow in Public Health, Hyderabad, India.
| | - Aritra Das
- Bihar Technical Support Program, CARE India, Patna, India
| | - Eunice Lobo
- Indian Institute of Public Health-Bengaluru, Public Health Foundation of India (PHFI), Bengaluru, India
| | - Deepa R
- Indian Institute of Public Health-Bengaluru, Public Health Foundation of India (PHFI), Bengaluru, India
| | - Daisy A John
- Indian Institute of Public Health-Bengaluru, Public Health Foundation of India (PHFI), Bengaluru, India
| | | | - Sonalini Khetrapal
- Asian Development Bank (ADB) NCR - National Capital Region, Manila, Philippines
| | - Sara E Benjamin-Neelon
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Gvs Murthy
- Indian Institute of Public Health-Hyderabad, Public Health Foundation of India (PHFI), Hyderabad, India
- Public Health Eye Care & Disability, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
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Jakše B, Jakše B, Godnov U, Pinter S. Nutritional, Cardiovascular Health and Lifestyle Status of 'Health Conscious' Adult Vegans and Non-Vegans from Slovenia: A Cross-Sectional Self-Reported Survey. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18115968. [PMID: 34199550 PMCID: PMC8199727 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18115968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The study aim was to investigate differences in nutritional, cardiovascular and lifestyle status of ‘health conscious’ subjects. In a partial ‘lock-down’ during the COVID-19 pandemic period, we performed a web-based, cross-sectional study. We compared 80 self-selected subjects (51 vegans, 67% females, and 29 non-vegans, 55% females, p = 0.344). Nutritional status was assessed by bio-electrical impedance and standardized food frequency questionnaires (i.e., contribution of nutrients from foods and supplementation, combined and separate). Serum lipid concentrations and blood pressure (BP) were assessed from annual or initial examination reports, while sociodemographic, economic, and lifestyle statuses were obtained by standardized questionnaires. Finally, a multivariate linear regression model was used to estimate the relationship between total fiber and saturated fatty acid (SFA) intake and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL cholesterol) values. The vegans had a significantly lower body mass index (22.8 ± 2.4 vs. 26.6 ± 3.6 kg/m2, p < 0.001) and body fat % (19.3 ± 7.3 vs. 25.8 ± 8.2%, p < 0.001) than the non-vegans. There were significant differences between vegans and non-vegans in energy intake, and most macronutrient (10/12) and micronutrient (15/23) intakes in units/day. Both diets were well designed, with high fiber and low SFA and free sugar intake but remained insufficient in n-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (for vegans), vitamin D, calcium, sodium (for vegans) and iodine. Vegans also had a significantly lower lipid profile and BP than non-vegans, except for high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. However, both groups met targeted recommendations. Furthermore, fiber and SFA intake and age explained 47% of the variance in LDL cholesterol. In conclusion, ‘health conscious’ vegans and non-vegans with comparable lifestyle statuses had significant differences in dietary intake, body composition and cardiovascular health status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boštjan Jakše
- Department of Food Science, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +386-4127-8586
| | - Barbara Jakše
- Barbara Jakše Sole Proprietor, 1230 Domžale, Slovenia;
| | - Uroš Godnov
- Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, 6000 Koper, Slovenia;
| | - Stanislav Pinter
- Basics of Movements in Sport, Faculty of Sport, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
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29
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Vana KD, Silva GE, Carreon JD, Quan SF. Using anthropometric measures to screen for obstructive sleep apnea in the Sleep Heart Health Study cohort. J Clin Sleep Med 2021; 17:1635-1643. [PMID: 33779542 DOI: 10.5664/jcsm.9268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES To evaluate predictions of moderate-to-severe-obstructive sleep apnea (MS-OSA) by the neck circumference height ratio (NHR) and waist circumference height ratio (WHR) and compare to the derived STOP-Bang Questionnaire (dSBQ) prediction. METHODS Included were 6,167 participants from the Sleep Heart Health Study (SHHS) baseline evaluation who completed polysomnograms, had anthropometric measurements, and data to compute proxy dSBQ item answers. The sample was divided randomly into derivation (n = 2,035) and validation (n = 4,132) subsets. The derivation sample was used to estimate the NHR and WHR cut points to detect MS-OSA; the validation sample was used to evaluate sensitivity (SN) and specificity (SP). RESULTS Mean age was 63.1 years, and 47.2% were male for the overall sample. In the derivation sample, a cut point ≥ 0.21 for NHR yielded a SN of 92.0% and SP of 25.0%; a cut point ≥ 0.52 for WHR yielded a SN of 91.2% and SP of 25.0% for MS-OSA. Using the validation sample, the NHR, WHR, and dSBQ areas under the receiver operator curves (AUCs) were 69.8%, 65.2%, and 70.5% respectively for MS-OSA. There was no statistical difference with listwise comparison of the NHR and dSBQ AUCs (p = 0.997); however, there was a significant difference between the WHR and dSBQ AUCs (p = 0.015) for MS-OSA. CONCLUSIONS The NHR is a viable OSA screening tool comparable to the dSBQ, independent of witnessed apneas and BMI, that can be used for different body types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly D Vana
- Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ
| | | | | | - Stuart F Quan
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
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Abstract
Obesity has a fundamental role in driving the global kidney disease burden. The perplexing relationship of obesity with chronic kidney disease remains debated. However, a thorough understanding of the interplay of obesity in conjunction with chronic kidney disease and appropriate management options is lacking, leading to further increases in morbidity and mortality. Moreover, underutilization of bariatric procedures and unrealistic expectations of weight reduction based on body mass index, leading to poor access to kidney transplantation, are fueling the fire. In this review, we summarize the available data related to the obesity and chronic kidney disease association and its novel management options.
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Comparison of anthropometric indices for predicting the risk of metabolic syndrome in older adults. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 59:43-49. [PMID: 32881711 DOI: 10.2478/rjim-2020-0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Background. The prevalence of obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS) is increasing, worldwide. Using a simple, efficient and reliable tool for predicting MetS is an essential approach in preventive health programs. The aim of this study was to compare the different anthropometric indices in predicting metabolic syndrome in older adults.Methods. This cross-sectional study is a part of the Amirkola Health and Ageing cohort Project (2011-2016). Of total, 1,488 older people aged 60-92 years were entered to the study. Medical and personal information of participants were collected by a questionnaire. After measuring the height, weight, waist circumference, hip circumference and neck circumference, body mass index, waist to hip ratio, waist to height ratio, abdominal volume index and conicity index were calculated. Independent t-test, chi-square and ROC curve were used to analyze the data.Results. Based on ATPIII-2005 diagnostic criteria, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 71.57%.The prevalence in female was higher than male. All of examined anthropometric indices, except neck circumference (p = 0.10), showed a significant difference in people with MetS compared to the individuals without metabolic syndrome (p<0.001). Waist to height ratio showed the largest area under the curve for predicting MetS (0.786; 95% CI: 0.76-0.81) followed by BMI (0.746; 95% CI: 0.71-0.77), AVI (0.745; 95% CI: 0.71-0.77), and waist circumference (0.743; 95% CI: 0.71-0.77).Conclusion. Waist to height ratio was the best predictor of MetS in older adults.
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Jouhar R, Ahmed MA, Khurshid Z, Bokhari SAH. Association of BMI, Diet, Physical Activity, and Oral Hygiene Practices with DMFT Index of Male Dental Students at King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13010224. [PMID: 33466721 PMCID: PMC7828819 DOI: 10.3390/nu13010224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite sufficient knowledge of good oral hygiene habits, dental students still suffer from oral health problems owing to dietary habits, obesity, and a sedentary lifestyle. This cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate an association of BMI (body mass index), diet, physical activity, and oral hygiene practices with DMFT (decayed, missing, and filled teeth) of male dental students and interns at King Faisal University, Saudi Arabia, from August to September 2020. One hundred and eighty-five male participants completed the study questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of sociodemographic information and nineteen close-ended questions about current diet, physical activity, and oral hygiene practices. Students’ height (cm) and weight (kg) were measured to calculate BMI. The principal investigator performed the oral clinical examinations for the DMFT status in the dental clinic. The chi-square test was used for the dichotomous variables and a t-test was used for the continuous variables. Linear and multinomial logistic regression were performed to detect the significant predictors of the DMFT score. The mean age of participants was 22.29 ± 2.13 years, and the BMI was 24.94 ± 3.36 (Kg/m2). Parents’ higher education and income levels were significantly (p < 0.001) associated with a higher BMI. Most dietary variables, especially sugar products, and low physical activity, were significantly (<0.047) associated with higher BMI. All oral hygiene practices, except miswak and mouthwash, were significantly (<0.003) associated with higher BMI. Decayed and missing teeth were significantly (<0.001) higher in the overweight and obese. A simple linear regression analysis demonstrated association between BMI and decayed teeth, with an R = 0.35 (<0.001); BMI and missing teeth had an R = 0.12 (p = 0.867); BMI and filled teeth had an R = 0.15 (p = 0.033), and BMI with DMFT had an R = 0.33 ((<0.001). This study demonstrated a strong significant association of the decayed and missing teeth with higher BMI levels. In addition, BMI was significantly associated with diet and physical activity, despite acceptable oral hygiene practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizwan Jouhar
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, College of Dentistry, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966-593114621
| | - Muhammad Adeel Ahmed
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, College of Dentistry, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Zohaib Khurshid
- Department of Prosthodontics and Dental Implantology, College of Dentistry, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Syed Akhtar Hussain Bokhari
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia;
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Choi H, Lim J, Lee S. Body fat-related differences in gait parameters and physical fitness level in weight-matched male adults. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 2021; 81:105243. [PMID: 33309933 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2020.105243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased body weight is associated with an increased magnitude of foot pressures. Although body mass index (BMI) has been widely used in the assessment of obesity, BMI does not differentiate between muscle and adipose tissue, which may play an important role in characterizing walking patterns. The purpose of the study was to compare gait biomechanics between obese and weight-matched control group. METHODS Sixty male adults were assigned to a normal and obese group based on body fat percentage. Body compositions and BMI were measured by the bioelectrical impedance method. Plantar pressure and gait parameters were recorded with a force-distribution-measure treadmill system during walking at the preferred speed. Physical fitness assessment was also conducted to assess muscular strength, muscular endurance, maximum oxygen uptake, flexibility, and agility. FINDINGS Normal group displayed greater muscle strength, flexibility, and maximum oxygen uptake compared to the obese group. Foot-pressure measures indicated significantly greater peak pressure values for the front and rear of the foot in the normal group. Greater muscle strength was correlated with higher BMI and lower body fat percentage. A significant negative correlation between body fat percent and gait variables was also exhibited. INTERPRETATION The results demonstrated different force application patterns during walking between the obese and weight-matched control group, indicating a potential influence of body fat percent on foot pressure characteristics in walking. Therefore, a comprehensive classification of obesity, including body fat percent, should be administered for the prescription of safe physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyejung Choi
- Department of Counseling, Health & Kinesiology, College of Education and Human Development, Texas A&M University-San Antonio. One University way San Antonio, TX 78224, USA
| | - Jongil Lim
- Department of Counseling, Health & Kinesiology, College of Education and Human Development, Texas A&M University-San Antonio. One University way San Antonio, TX 78224, USA
| | - Sukho Lee
- Department of Counseling, Health & Kinesiology, College of Education and Human Development, Texas A&M University-San Antonio. One University way San Antonio, TX 78224, USA.
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Azeez T. Diabesity lipid index: A potential novel marker of 10-year cardiovascular risk. VASCULAR INVESTIGATION AND THERAPY 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/2589-9686.321923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Jakše B, Jakše B, Pinter S, Pajek J, Fidler Mis N. Whole-Food Plant-Based Lifestyle Program and Decreased Obesity. Am J Lifestyle Med 2020; 16:260-270. [DOI: 10.1177/1559827620949205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Failure of weight-loss programs is high. We evaluated a whole-food plant-based (WFPB) lifestyle program. We investigated the obesity indices of 151 healthy adults who were on our ongoing, community-based program for the short (0.5 to ≤2 years), medium (2 to ≤5 years), or long term (5 to 10 years). Body composition indices were measured by medically approved bioimpedance. Body composition changes were favorable for all 3 groups and both genders. There were no differences in body composition between the males for all 3 groups, while there were lower body mass (BM), body mass index (BMI), and muscle mass in females on long-term versus short-term programs. All participants experienced a decrease in BMI (−2.5 kg/m2), BM (−7.1 kg), and body fat percentage (−6.4%; P < .001 for all). The reductions for those with a baseline BMI of obese, overweight, and normal were −5.6, −2.4, and −0.9 kg/m2 for BMI, −16.1, −7.1, and −2.5 kg for total BM, and −9.5%, −6.6%, and −4.8% for body fat percentage (baseline vs current; P < .001 for all). A total of 86% of parents of underage children introduced the WFPB lifestyle to children. Our WFPB lifestyle program provides a long-term reversal of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boštjan Jakše
- Department of Food science, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Stanislav Pinter
- Basics of Movements in Sport, Faculty of Sport, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jernej Pajek
- Department of Nephrology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia and Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nataša Fidler Mis
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University Children’s Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Characteristics of Slovenian Adults in Community-Based Whole-Food Plant-Based Lifestyle Program. J Nutr Metab 2020; 2020:6950530. [PMID: 32802500 PMCID: PMC7416260 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6950530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Adopting a plant-based diet (PBD) and lifestyle is healthy, sustainable, and increasingly popular, while also demanding. Individuals might face challenges to maintain this lifestyle. We aimed to determine the anthropometric values and lifestyle factors and motives of adults to adopt a whole-food, plant-based (WFPB) lifestyle by joining our ongoing, community-based, WFPB lifestyle program 0.5-10 years ago. Methods We measured body mass index (BMI) and body fat percentage status (BF%) using bioimpedance. Lifestyle status was obtained by standardized electronic questionnaires. For evaluating the motives for following strict PBD, the participants were asked to rank 8 different motives (i.e., 8: the most-, 1: the least important). Setting. A cross-sectional study in Slovenia. Participants. A total of 151 healthy adults with an average age of 39.6 years (SD: 12.5 years). Results The participants had an average BMI of 23.9 kg/m2 (SD: 3.8 kg/m2) and an average BF% of 22.3% (SD: 7.3%), were physically very active, with an average Long International Physical Activity Questionnaire (L-IPAQ) score of 5541.2 metabolic equivalents (METs) min/week (SD: 4677.0 METs min/week), having good sleep quality, with an average Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) score of 2.7 (SD: 1.8), perceiving low stress, and with an average Perceived Stress Questionnaire (PSQ) score of 0.29 (SD: 0.1). We discovered no significant differences in lifestyle between participants who were involved in our WFPB lifestyle program for short, medium, or long periods of time. The motives for WFPB lifestyle included health benefits (score: 7.9/8), body mass management (6.3), eating to satiety (4.9), convenience (4.3), environmental concerns (4.1), affordability (3.7), animal ethics (3.6), and religious reasons (1.1). Conclusion A WFPB lifestyle program for any length of time that includes an extensive support system provides favorable, long-term lifestyle changes.
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Body mass index, waist circumference, and mortality risks over 27 years of follow-up in old age. Ann Epidemiol 2020; 46:20-23. [PMID: 32532369 DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2020.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study investigates the predictive effects of body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) for all-cause mortality in old age over 27 years of follow-up. METHODS Participants were from the Berlin Aging Study (n = 444, M ± SD = 84.55 ± 8.38 years). Reported significance values for hazard ratios were adjusted for age, sex, socioeconomic status, smokers, depressive illness, functional status, cholesterol, and objectively assessed physical diseases. RESULTS BMI emerged as a significant predictor of all-cause mortality after adjustment. WC was not a significant predictor of mortality either within the unadjusted model or when fully adjusted, including BMI. After the introduction of WC alongside all covariates, the effect for BMI remained significant. A significant quadratic effect for BMI and mortality within the fully adjusted model also emerged. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that lower BMI in the oldest old is associated with increased mortality hazards, and risks were particularly elevated for people who are underweight. This study found no evidence that higher BMI in old age is associated with increased mortality hazards relative to normal weight ranges.
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Sasya M, Devi KSS, Babu JK, Balaguru Rayappan JB, Krishnan UM. Metabolic Syndrome-An Emerging Constellation of Risk Factors: Electrochemical Detection Strategies. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 20:E103. [PMID: 31878023 PMCID: PMC6982738 DOI: 10.3390/s20010103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is a condition that results from dysfunction of different metabolic pathways leading to increased risk of disorders such as hyperglycemia, atherosclerosis, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, neurodegenerative disorders etc. As this condition cannot be diagnosed based on a single marker, multiple markers need to be detected and quantified to assess the risk facing an individual of metabolic syndrome. In this context, chemical- and bio-sensors capable of detecting multiple analytes may provide an appropriate diagnostic strategy. Research in this field has resulted in the evolution of sensors from the first generation to a fourth generation of 'smart' sensors. A shift in the sensing paradigm involving the sensing element and transduction strategy has also resulted in remarkable advancements in biomedical diagnostics particularly in terms of higher sensitivity and selectivity towards analyte molecule and rapid response time. This review encapsulates the significant advancements reported so far in the field of sensors developed for biomarkers of metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhurantakam Sasya
- Department of Molecular Physiology, School of Medicine, Niigata University, Niigata-9518510, Japan;
- Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials (CeNTAB), SASTRA Deemed-to-be University, Thanjavur 613401, India; (K.S.S.D.); (J.K.B.); (J.B.B.R.)
- School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed-to-be University, Thanjavur 613401, India
| | - K. S. Shalini Devi
- Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials (CeNTAB), SASTRA Deemed-to-be University, Thanjavur 613401, India; (K.S.S.D.); (J.K.B.); (J.B.B.R.)
- School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed-to-be University, Thanjavur 613401, India
| | - Jayanth K. Babu
- Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials (CeNTAB), SASTRA Deemed-to-be University, Thanjavur 613401, India; (K.S.S.D.); (J.K.B.); (J.B.B.R.)
- School of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, SASTRA Deemed-to-be University, Thanjavur 613401, India
| | - John Bosco Balaguru Rayappan
- Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials (CeNTAB), SASTRA Deemed-to-be University, Thanjavur 613401, India; (K.S.S.D.); (J.K.B.); (J.B.B.R.)
- School of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, SASTRA Deemed-to-be University, Thanjavur 613401, India
| | - Uma Maheswari Krishnan
- Department of Molecular Physiology, School of Medicine, Niigata University, Niigata-9518510, Japan;
- School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed-to-be University, Thanjavur 613401, India
- School of Arts, Science & Humanities, SASTRA Deemed-to-be University, Thanjavur 613401, India
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Abstract
Extensive research demonstrates unequivocally that nutrition plays a fundamental role in maintaining health and preventing disease. In parallel nutrition research provides evidence that the risks and benefits of diet and lifestyle choices do not affect people equally, as people are inherently variable in their responses to nutrition and associated interventions to maintain health and prevent disease. To simplify the inherent complexity of human subjects and their nutrition, with the aim of managing expectations for dietary guidance required to ensure healthy populations and individuals, nutrition researchers often seek to group individuals based on commonly used criteria. This strategy relies on demonstrating meaningful conclusions based on comparison of group mean responses of assigned groups. Such studies are often confounded by the heterogeneous nutrition response. Commonly used criteria applied in grouping study populations and individuals to identify mechanisms and determinants of responses to nutrition often contribute to the problem of interpreting the results of group comparisons. Challenges of interpreting the group mean using diverse populations will be discussed with respect to studies in human subjects, in vivo and in vitro model systems. Future advances in nutrition research to tackle inter-individual variation require a coordinated approach from funders, learned societies, nutrition scientists, publishers and reviewers of the scientific literature. This will be essential to develop and implement improved study design, data recording, analysis and reporting to facilitate more insightful interpretation of the group mean with respect to population diversity and the heterogeneous nutrition response.
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