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Bojalil R, Ruíz-Hernández A, Villanueva-Arias A, Amezcua-Guerra LM, Cásarez-Alvarado S, Hernández-Dueñas AM, Rodríguez-Galicia V, Pavón L, Marquina B, Becerril-Villanueva E, Hernández-Pando R, Márquez-Velasco R. Two murine models of sepsis: immunopathological differences between the sexes-possible role of TGFβ1 in female resistance to endotoxemia. Biol Res 2023; 56:54. [PMID: 37875957 PMCID: PMC10594922 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-023-00469-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Endotoxic shock (ExSh) and cecal ligature and puncture (CLP) are models that induce sepsis. In this work, we investigated early immunologic and histopathologic changes induced by ExSh or CLP models in female and male mice. Remarkable results showed that females supported twice the LD100 of LPS for males, CLP survival and CFU counts were similar between genders, high circulating LPS levels in ExSh mice and low levels of IgM anti-LPS in males. In the serum of ExSh males, TNF and IL-6 increased in the first 6 h, in CLP males at 12 h. In the liver of ExSh mice, TNF increased at 1.5 and 12 h, IL-1 at 6 h. TGFβ1 increased in females throughout the study and at 12 h in males. In CLP mice, IL-6 decreased at 12 h, TGFβ1 increased at 6-12 h in males and at 12 h in females. In the lungs of ExSh males, IL-1β increased at 1.5-6 h and TGFβ1 at 12 h; in females, TNF decrease at 6 h and TGFβ1 increased from 6 h; in CLP females, TNF and IL-1β decreased at 12 h and 1.5 h, respectively, and TGFβ1 increased from 6 h; in males, TGFβ1 increased at 12 h. In the livers of ExSh mice, signs of inflammation were more common in males; in the CLP groups, inflammation was similar but less pronounced. ExSh females had leucocytes with TGFβ1. The lungs of ExSh males showed patches of hyaline membranes and some areas of inflammatory cells, similar but fewer and smaller lesions were seen in male mice with CLP. In ExSh females, injuries were less extent than in males, similar pulmonary lesions were seen in female mice with CLP. ExSh males had lower levels of TGFβ1 than females, and even lower levels were seen in CLP males. We conclude that the ExSh was the most lethal model in males, associated with high levels of free LPS, low IgM anti-LPS, exacerbated inflammation and target organ injury, while females showed early TGFβ1 production in the lungs and less tissue damage. We didn't see any differences between CLP mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Bojalil
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
- Departamento de Atención a la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Armando Ruíz-Hernández
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali, Mexico
| | - Arturo Villanueva-Arias
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luis Manuel Amezcua-Guerra
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
- Departamento de Atención a la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sergio Cásarez-Alvarado
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | - Lenin Pavón
- Laboratorio de Psicoinmunología, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Brenda Marquina
- Departamento de Patología Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Rogelio Hernández-Pando
- Departamento de Patología Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ricardo Márquez-Velasco
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico.
- Departamento de Producción Agrícola y Animal, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco, Mexico City, Mexico.
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2
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From Gut to Blood: Spatial and Temporal Pathobiome Dynamics during Acute Abdominal Murine Sepsis. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11030627. [PMID: 36985201 PMCID: PMC10054525 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11030627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Abdominal sepsis triggers the transition of microorganisms from the gut to the peritoneum and bloodstream. Unfortunately, there is a limitation of methods and biomarkers to reliably study the emergence of pathobiomes and to monitor their respective dynamics. Three-month-old CD-1 female mice underwent cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) to induce abdominal sepsis. Serial and terminal endpoint specimens were collected for fecal, peritoneal lavage, and blood samples within 72 h. Microbial species compositions were determined by NGS of (cell-free) DNA and confirmed by microbiological cultivation. As a result, CLP induced rapid and early changes of gut microbial communities, with a transition of pathogenic species into the peritoneum and blood detected at 24 h post-CLP. NGS was able to identify pathogenic species in a time course-dependent manner in individual mice using cfDNA from as few as 30 microliters of blood. Absolute levels of cfDNA from pathogens changed rapidly during acute sepsis, demonstrating its short half-life. Pathogenic species and genera in CLP mice significantly overlapped with pathobiomes from septic patients. The study demonstrated that pathobiomes serve as reservoirs following CLP for the transition of pathogens into the bloodstream. Due to its short half-life, cfDNA can serve as a precise biomarker for pathogen identification in blood.
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Skirecki T, Drechsler S, Jeznach A, Hoser G, Jafarmadar M, Kawiak J, Osuchowski MF. An Early Myelosuppression in the Acute Mouse Sepsis Is Partly Outcome-Dependent. Front Immunol 2021; 12:708670. [PMID: 34367170 PMCID: PMC8339578 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.708670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) respond to bacterial infections by expansion to myeloid cells. Sepsis impairs this process by suppressing differentiation of stem cells subsequently contributing to an ineffective immune response. Whether the magnitude of HSPCs impairment in sepsis is severity-dependent remains unknown. This study investigated dynamics of the HSPC immune-inflammatory response in the bone marrow, splenic, and blood compartments in moribund and surviving septic mice. The 12-week-old outbred CD-1 female mice (n=65) were subjected to a cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) sepsis, treated with antibiotics and fluid resuscitation, and stratified into predicted-to-die (P-DIE) and predicted-to-survive (P-SUR) cohorts for analysis. CLP strongly reduced the common myeloid and multipotent progenitors, short- and long-term hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) counts in the bone marrow; lineage−ckit+Sca-1+ and short-term HSC suppression was greater in P-DIE versus P-SUR mice. A profound depletion of the common myeloid progenitors occurred in the blood (by 75%) and spleen (by 77%) of P-DIE. In P-SUR, most common circulating HSPCs subpopulations recovered to baseline by 72 h post-CLP. Analysis of activated caspase-1/-3/-7 revealed an increased apoptotic (by 30%) but not pyroptotic signaling in the bone marrow HSCs of P-DIE mice. The bone marrow from P-DIE mice revealed spikes of IL-6 (by 5-fold), CXCL1/KC (15-fold), CCL3/MIP-1α (1.7-fold), and CCL2/MCP-1 (2.8-fold) versus P-SUR and control (TNF, IFN-γ, IL-1β, -5, -10 remained unaltered). Summarizing, our findings demonstrate that an early sepsis-induced impairment of myelopoiesis is strongly outcome-dependent but varies among compartments. It is suggestive that the HSCPC loss is at least partly due to an increased apoptosis but not pyroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Skirecki
- Laboratory of Flow Cytometry, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Susanne Drechsler
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology in the Allgemeine Unfallversicherungsanstalt (AUVA) Research Center, Vienna, Austria
| | - Aldona Jeznach
- Laboratory of Flow Cytometry, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Grażyna Hoser
- Laboratory of Flow Cytometry, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mohammad Jafarmadar
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology in the Allgemeine Unfallversicherungsanstalt (AUVA) Research Center, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jerzy Kawiak
- Laboratory of Flow Cytometry, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcin F Osuchowski
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology in the Allgemeine Unfallversicherungsanstalt (AUVA) Research Center, Vienna, Austria
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4
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Metabolic Alterations in Sepsis. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10112412. [PMID: 34072402 PMCID: PMC8197843 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10112412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is defined as “life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection”. Contrary to the older definitions, the current one not only focuses on inflammation, but points to systemic disturbances in homeostasis, including metabolism. Sepsis leads to sepsis-induced dysfunction and mitochondrial damage, which is suggested as a major cause of cell metabolism disorders in these patients. The changes affect the metabolism of all macronutrients. The metabolism of all macronutrients is altered. A characteristic change in carbohydrate metabolism is the intensification of glycolysis, which in combination with the failure of entering pyruvate to the tricarboxylic acid cycle increases the formation of lactate. Sepsis also affects lipid metabolism—lipolysis in adipose tissue is upregulated, which leads to an increase in the level of fatty acids and triglycerides in the blood. At the same time, their use is disturbed, which may result in the accumulation of lipids and their toxic metabolites. Changes in the metabolism of ketone bodies and amino acids have also been described. Metabolic disorders in sepsis are an important area of research, both for their potential role as a target for future therapies (metabolic resuscitation) and for optimizing the current treatment, such as clinical nutrition.
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5
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Albayati S, Vemulapalli H, Tsygankov AY, Liverani E. P2Y 12 antagonism results in altered interactions between platelets and regulatory T cells during sepsis. J Leukoc Biol 2020; 110:141-153. [PMID: 33242353 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3a0220-097r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a complex clinical condition resulting from a serious bloodstream infection. With mortality rates as high as 50%, improved treatments are needed. Regulatory T cells (Tregs), a subset of T lymphocytes, promote the resolution of inflammation. Septic patients have elevated levels of circulating Tregs. Platelets influence the proliferation and activation of Tregs in vitro. However, modulating platelet-Tregs interaction during sepsis may restraing Treg proliferation, leading to the restoration of immunologic homeostasis. P2Y12 is a purinergic receptor present on platelets and T lymphocytes. Blocking P2Y12 improves the outcome of sepsis. We investigated whether blocking P2Y12 alters platelet-Treg interaction in vivo. We used the murine model of sepsis, cecal ligation, and puncture (CLP) and we blocked P2Y12 using the P2Y12 antagonist, clopidogrel. Twenty-four hours after surgery, we measured Treg population sizes in the spleens of the Sham, CLP, and CLP + clopidogrel groups. We investigated the effect of blocking P2Y12 in vitro using cocultures of human platelets and T cells with or without anti-CD3/CD28. P2Y12 was blocked using AR-C69931MX. Treg population sizes were reduced in the septic mice treated with clopidogrel compared with untreated septic mice. Aggregation of platelets and CD4+ T cells was reduced in treated CLP mice compared with untreated CLP mice. P2Y12 antagonism changes how platelets influence T cells in vitro, depending on T-cell activation. In conclusion, blockade of the P2Y12 signaling pathway restrains Treg proliferation in vivo and in vitro. Targeting platelets to control Treg proliferation and activity may be a promising strategy for treating sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samara Albayati
- Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, 3420 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Harika Vemulapalli
- Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, 3420 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Alexander Y Tsygankov
- Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, 3420 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology Temple University School of Medicine, Temple University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Elisabetta Liverani
- Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, 3420 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
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6
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Yang M, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Li Y, Li Q, Tan J. Role of Interleukin-33 in Staphylococcus epidermidis-Induced Septicemia. Front Immunol 2020; 11:534099. [PMID: 33178181 PMCID: PMC7593707 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.534099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-33 is a member of the IL-1 family, which plays an important role in inflammatory response. In this study, we evaluated the effect of IL-33 on septicemia and the underlying mechanisms by establishing a Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis)-induced septicemic mouse model. The expression of IL-33, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17A, IL-22, and PGE2 were measured by double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and bacterial colony formation in peripheral blood and kidneys were counted postinfection. The percentages of neutrophils, eosinophils, and inflammatory monocytes were evaluated by flow cytometry, and tissue damage was assessed by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. The survival of septicemic mice was monitored daily. IL-33 expression was significantly augmented following S. epidermidis infection. High IL-33 expression significantly decreased the survival of model mice, and aggravated the damage of lung, liver, and kidney tissues. However, administration of ST2 (receptor for IL-33) to the S. epidermidis-infected mice blocked the IL-33 signaling pathway, which elevated PGE2, IL-17A, and IL-22, and promoted healing of organ damage. In addition, ST2 suppressed the mobilization of inflammatory monocytes, but promoted the accumulation of neutrophils and eosinophils in S. epidermidis-infected mice. Inhibition of PGE2, IL-17A, and IL-22 facilitated the development of septicemia and organ damage in S. epidermidis-infected mice, as well as reducing their survival. Our findings reveal that IL-33 aggravates organ damage in septicemic mice by inhibiting PGE2, IL-17A, and IL-22 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiwen Wang
- Department of Neonatology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yonghong Zhang
- Department of Neonatology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanjun Li
- Department of Neonatology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qifeng Li
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jintong Tan
- Department of Neonatology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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7
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Lang GP, Ndongson-Dongmo B, Lajqi T, Brodhun M, Han Y, Wetzker R, Frasch MG, Bauer R. Impact of ambient temperature on inflammation-induced encephalopathy in endotoxemic mice-role of phosphoinositide 3-kinase gamma. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:292. [PMID: 33028343 PMCID: PMC7541275 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-01954-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is an early and frequent event of infection-induced systemic inflammatory response syndrome. Phosphoinositide 3-kinase γ (PI3Kγ) is linked to neuroinflammation and inflammation-related microglial activity. In homeotherms, variations in ambient temperature (Ta) outside the thermoneutral zone lead to thermoregulatory responses, mainly driven by a gradually increasing sympathetic activity, and may affect disease severity. We hypothesized that thermoregulatory response to hypothermia (reduced Ta) aggravates SAE in PI3Kγ-dependent manner. METHODS Experiments were performed in wild-type, PI3Kγ knockout, and PI3Kγ kinase-dead mice, which were kept at neutral (30 ± 0.5 °C) or moderately lowered (26 ± 0.5 °C) Ta. Mice were exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 10 μg/g, from Escherichia coli serotype 055:B5, single intraperitoneal injection)-evoked systemic inflammatory response (SIR) and monitored 24 h for thermoregulatory response and blood-brain barrier integrity. Primary microglial cells and brain tissue derived from treated mice were analyzed for inflammatory responses and related cell functions. Comparisons between groups were made with one-way or two-way analysis of variance, as appropriate. Post hoc comparisons were made with the Holm-Sidak test or t tests with Bonferroni's correction for adjustments of multiple comparisons. Data not following normal distribution was tested with Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Dunn's multiple comparisons test. RESULTS We show that a moderate reduction of ambient temperature triggers enhanced hypothermia of mice undergoing LPS-induced systemic inflammation by aggravated SAE. PI3Kγ deficiency enhances blood-brain barrier injury and upregulation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) as well as an impaired microglial phagocytic activity. CONCLUSIONS Thermoregulatory adaptation in response to ambient temperatures below the thermoneutral range exacerbates LPS-induced blood-brain barrier injury and neuroinflammation. PI3Kγ serves a protective role in suppressing release of MMPs, maintaining microglial motility and reinforcing phagocytosis leading to improved brain tissue integrity. Thus, preclinical research targeting severe brain inflammation responses is seriously biased when basic physiological prerequisites of mammal species such as preferred ambient temperature are ignored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Ping Lang
- Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, Hans-Knöll-Straße 2, D-07745 Jena, Germany
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine and Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563006 China
| | - Bernadin Ndongson-Dongmo
- Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, Hans-Knöll-Straße 2, D-07745 Jena, Germany
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trim Lajqi
- Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, Hans-Knöll-Straße 2, D-07745 Jena, Germany
- Department of Neonatology, University Children’s Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Brodhun
- Department of Pathology, Helios-Klinikum Erfurt, Erfurt, Germany
| | - Yingying Han
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Reinhard Wetzker
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | | | - Reinhard Bauer
- Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, Hans-Knöll-Straße 2, D-07745 Jena, Germany
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Canagliflozin alleviates LPS-induced acute lung injury by modulating alveolar macrophage polarization. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 88:106969. [PMID: 33182027 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Canagliflozin (CANA), a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor, is a novel therapeutic agent that exhibits multiple actions in type 2 diabetes. CANA can regulate intracellular glucose metabolism and exert anti-inflammatory effects in immune cells. Alveolar macrophage polarization balance is often associated with lower inflammation in acute lung injury (ALI). However, little is known about the anti-inflammatory effect of CANA on ALI. METHODS This study aimed to determine the effect of CANA on ALI as well as its potential ability to modulate alveolar macrophage polarization in ALI mouse models and bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs). RESULTS The histopathological changes indicated that CANA alleviated lung injury in lipopolysaccharide-induced ALI mice models and exerted anti-inflammatory effects in the presence of lower levels of tumor necrosis factor-ɑ, interleukin-6, and interleukin-1β in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and serum. Moreover, flow cytometry analysis of mouse BALF cells and BMDMs demonstrated that CANA can modulate and reconstitute M1 and M2 macrophage balance, inhibiting macrophages with the M1 phenotype while promoting macrophages to shift to the M2 phenotype. Immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction were also performed. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that CANA alleviates lung injury and exerts anti-inflammatory effects by modulating alveolar macrophage polarization balance, suggesting that CANA might act as a novel anti-inflammatory drug for treating ALI.
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9
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Karbian N, Abutbul A, El-Amore R, Eliaz R, Beeri R, Reicher B, Mevorach D. Apoptotic cell therapy for cytokine storm associated with acute severe sepsis. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:535. [PMID: 32669536 PMCID: PMC7363887 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-02748-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis has no proven pharmacologic treatment other than appropriate antibiotic agents, fluids, vasopressors as needed, and possibly corticosteroids. It is generally initiated mainly by the simultaneous recognition by various components of the innate immune system of either pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) or damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). In the current study, we employed the murine cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) model for sepsis to evaluate the effect of post-CLP infusion of apoptotic cells (Allocetra-OTS) on a CLP severe sepsis model. Cardiovascular evaluation, acute kidney injury (AKI), acute liver injury (ALI), and hematological and metabolic function were evaluated. Cytokine and chemokine profiles were measured by Multiplex ELISA and mitochondrial function, and glycolysis by Seahorse. The Murine Sepsis Score (MSS) was used for disease severity definition. CLP mice had low blood pressure, poor cardiac output, and lung dysfunction, as well as AKI, ALI, and thrombocytopenia, which correlated with the MSS and corresponded to a cytokine/chemokine storm. Apoptotic cell administration markedly improved the cytokine and chemokine storm and restored the impaired mitochondrial and glycolytic function in white blood cells leading to increased survival, from 6 to 60% (P < 0.0001), together with a significant improvement in organ dysfunction. We conclude that the deleterious immune response in CLP-induced sepsis can be successfully modified by apoptotic cell infusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Netanel Karbian
- Rheumatology and Rare Disease Research Center, The Wohl Institute for Translational Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center and School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Avraham Abutbul
- Intensive Care Unit, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Raja El-Amore
- Rheumatology and Rare Disease Research Center, The Wohl Institute for Translational Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center and School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ran Eliaz
- Department of Cardiology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ronen Beeri
- Department of Cardiology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | - Dror Mevorach
- Rheumatology and Rare Disease Research Center, The Wohl Institute for Translational Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center and School, Jerusalem, Israel.
- Department of Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.
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10
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Libert C, Ayala A, Bauer M, Cavaillon JM, Deutschman C, Frostell C, Knapp S, Kozlov AV, Wang P, Osuchowski MF, Remick DG. Part II: Minimum Quality Threshold in Preclinical Sepsis Studies (MQTiPSS) for Types of Infections and Organ Dysfunction Endpoints. Shock 2020; 51:23-32. [PMID: 30106873 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000001242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Although the clinical definitions of sepsis and recommended treatments are regularly updated, a systematic review has not been done for preclinical models. To address this deficit, a Wiggers-Bernard Conference on preclinical sepsis modeling reviewed the 260 most highly cited papers between 2003 and 2012 using sepsis models to create a series of recommendations. This Part II report provides recommendations for the types of infections and documentation of organ injury in preclinical sepsis models. Concerning the types of infections, the review showed that the cecal ligation and puncture model was used for 44% of the studies while 40% injected endotoxin. Recommendation #8 (numbered sequentially from Part I): endotoxin injection should not be considered as a model of sepsis; live bacteria or fungal strains derived from clinical isolates are more appropriate. Recommendation #9: microorganisms should replicate those typically found in human sepsis. Sepsis-3 states that sepsis is life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection, but the review of the papers showed limited attempts to document organ dysfunction. Recommendation #10: organ dysfunction definitions should be used in preclinical models. Recommendation #11: not all activities in an organ/system need to be abnormal to verify organ dysfunction. Recommendation #12: organ dysfunction should be measured in an objective manner using reproducible scoring systems. Recommendation #13: not all experiments must measure all parameters of organ dysfunction, but investigators should attempt to fully capture as much information as possible. These recommendations are proposed as "best practices" for animal models of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claude Libert
- Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.,Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Alfred Ayala
- Rhode Island Hospital & Alpert School of Medicine at Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | | | | | - Clifford Deutschman
- Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York
| | - Claes Frostell
- Karolinska Institutet, Danderyd Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Andrey V Kozlov
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology in the AUVA Research Center, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ping Wang
- Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York
| | - Marcin F Osuchowski
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology in the AUVA Research Center, Vienna, Austria
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11
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Skirecki T, Drechsler S, Hoser G, Jafarmadar M, Siennicka K, Pojda Z, Kawiak J, Osuchowski MF. The Fluctuations of Leukocytes and Circulating Cytokines in Septic Humanized Mice Vary With Outcome. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1427. [PMID: 31297113 PMCID: PMC6607920 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis remains a major challenge in translational research given its heterogeneous pathophysiology and the lack of specific therapeutics. The use of humanized mouse chimeras with transplanted human hematopoietic cells may improve the clinical relevance of pre-clinical studies. However, knowledge of the human immuno-inflammatory response during sepsis in humanized mice is scarce; it is unclear how similar or divergent mouse and human-origin immuno-inflammatory responses in sepsis are. In this study, we evaluated the early outcome-dependent immuno-inflammatory response in humanized mice generated in the NSG strain after cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) sepsis. Mice were observed for 32 h post-CLP and were assigned to either predicted-to-die (P-DIE) or predicted-to-survive (P-SUR) groups for retrospective comparisons. Blood samples were collected at baseline, 6 and 24 h, whereas the bone marrow and spleen were collected between 24 and 32 h post-CLP. In comparison to P-SUR, P-DIE humanized mice had a 3-fold higher frequency of human splenic monocytes and their CD80 expression was reduced by 1.3-fold; there was no difference in the HLA-DR expression. Similarly, the expression of CD80 on the bone marrow monocytes from P-DIE mice was decreased by 32% (p < 0.05). Sepsis induced a generalized up-regulation of both human and murine plasma cytokines (TNFα, IL-6, IL-10, IL-8/KC, MCP-1); it was additionally aggravated in P-DIE vs. P-SUR. Human cytokines were strongly overridden by the murine ones (approx. ratio 1:9) but human TNFα was 7-fold higher than mouse TNFα. Interestingly, transplantation of human cells did not influence murine cytokine response in NSG mice, but humanized NSG mice were more susceptible to sepsis in comparison with NSG mice (79 vs. 33% mortality; p < 0.05). In conclusion, our results show that humanized mice reflect selected aspects of human immune responses in sepsis and therefore may be a feasible alternative in preclinical immunotherapy modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Skirecki
- Laboratory of Flow Cytometry, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Susanne Drechsler
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology in the AUVA Research Center, Vienna, Austria
| | - Grazyna Hoser
- Laboratory of Flow Cytometry, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mohammad Jafarmadar
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology in the AUVA Research Center, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katarzyna Siennicka
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute-Oncology Center, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Zygmunt Pojda
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute-Oncology Center, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jerzy Kawiak
- Laboratory of Flow Cytometry, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcin F Osuchowski
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology in the AUVA Research Center, Vienna, Austria
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12
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Zingarelli B, Coopersmith CM, Drechsler S, Efron P, Marshall JC, Moldawer L, Wiersinga WJ, Xiao X, Osuchowski MF, Thiemermann C. Part I: Minimum Quality Threshold in Preclinical Sepsis Studies (MQTiPSS) for Study Design and Humane Modeling Endpoints. Shock 2019; 51:10-22. [PMID: 30106874 PMCID: PMC6296871 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000001243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Preclinical animal studies are mandatory before new treatments can be tested in clinical trials. However, their use in developing new therapies for sepsis has been controversial because of limitations of the models and inconsistencies with the clinical conditions. In consideration of the revised definition for clinical sepsis and septic shock (Sepsis-3), a Wiggers-Bernard Conference was held in Vienna in May 2017 to propose standardized guidelines on preclinical sepsis modeling. The participants conducted a literature review of 260 most highly cited scientific articles on sepsis models published between 2003 and 2012. The review showed, for example, that mice were used in 79% and euthanasia criteria were defined in 9% of the studies. Part I of this report details the recommendations for study design and humane modeling endpoints that should be addressed in sepsis models. The first recommendation is that survival follow-up should reflect the clinical time course of the infectious agent used in the sepsis model. Furthermore, it is recommended that therapeutic interventions should be initiated after the septic insult replicating clinical care. To define an unbiased and reproducible association between a new treatment and outcome, a randomization and blinding of treatments as well as inclusion of all methodological details in scientific publications is essential. In all preclinical sepsis studies, the high standards of animal welfare must be implemented. Therefore, development and validation of specific criteria for monitoring pain and distress, and euthanasia of septic animals, as well as the use of analgesics are recommended. A set of four considerations is also proposed to enhance translation potential of sepsis models. Relevant biological variables and comorbidities should be included in the study design and sepsis modeling should be extended to mammalian species other than rodents. In addition, the need for source control (in case of a defined infection focus) should be considered. These recommendations and considerations are proposed as "best practices" for animal models of sepsis that should be implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basilia Zingarelli
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | | | - Susanne Drechsler
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology in the AUVA Research Center, Vienna, Austria
| | - Philip Efron
- Sepsis and Critical Illness Research Center, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - John C Marshall
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Lyle Moldawer
- Sepsis and Critical Illness Research Center, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - W Joost Wiersinga
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, The Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Xianzhong Xiao
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Chagnsha, Hunan, China
| | - Marcin F Osuchowski
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology in the AUVA Research Center, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Thiemermann
- The William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
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13
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Splenectomy modulates early immuno-inflammatory responses to trauma-hemorrhage and protects mice against secondary sepsis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14890. [PMID: 30291296 PMCID: PMC6173732 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33232-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In polytrauma patients, the impact of splenectomy is equivocal, ranging from negative to protective. We investigated the impact of splenectomy on immune responses in the 1st-hit polytrauma alone and on survival in the post-traumatic sepsis (2nd hit). Female BALB/c mice underwent polytrauma (1st hit) consisting of either a) TH: femur fracture, hemorrhagic shock or b) TSH: splenectomy, femur fracture, hemorrhagic shock. Additionally, the polytrauma hit was followed by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) 48 h later and compared to CLP alone. Splenectomy improved the 28-day survival in secondary sepsis to 92% (from 62%), while TH lowered it to 46% (p < 0.05). The improved survival was concurrent with lower release of inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, CXCL-1, MCP-1) and increase of C5a post-CLP. In the polytrauma hit alone, TSH induced stronger neutrophilia (1.9 fold) and lymphocytosis (1.7 fold) when compared to TH mice. Moreover, TSH resulted in a 41% rise of regulatory T-cells and reduced the median fluorescence intensity of MHC-2 on monocytes by 55% within 48 h (p < 0.05). Conversely, leukocyte phagocytic capacity was significantly increased by 4-fold after TSH despite a similar M1/M2 macrophage profile in both groups. Summarizing, splenectomy provoked both immuno-suppressive and immuno-stimulatory responses but was life-saving in secondary sepsis. Additionally, the polytrauma components in 2-hit models should be tested for their effects on outcome; the presumed end-effect of the 1st hit solely based on the common immuno-inflammatory parameters could be misleading.
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14
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Van Wyngene L, Vandewalle J, Libert C. Reprogramming of basic metabolic pathways in microbial sepsis: therapeutic targets at last? EMBO Mol Med 2018; 10:e8712. [PMID: 29976786 PMCID: PMC6079534 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201708712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a highly lethal and urgent unmet medical need. It is the result of a complex interplay of several pathways, including inflammation, immune activation, hypoxia, and metabolic reprogramming. Specifically, the regulation and the impact of the latter have become better understood in which the highly catabolic status during sepsis and its similarity with starvation responses appear to be essential in the poor prognosis in sepsis. It seems logical that new interventions based on the recognition of new therapeutic targets in the key metabolic pathways should be developed and may have a good chance to penetrate to the bedside. In this review, we concentrate on the pathological changes in metabolism, observed during sepsis, and the presumed underlying mechanisms, with a focus on the level of the organism and the interplay between different organ systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lise Van Wyngene
- Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jolien Vandewalle
- Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Claude Libert
- Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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15
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Mai SHC, Sharma N, Kwong AC, Dwivedi DJ, Khan M, Grin PM, Fox-Robichaud AE, Liaw PC. Body temperature and mouse scoring systems as surrogate markers of death in cecal ligation and puncture sepsis. Intensive Care Med Exp 2018; 6:20. [PMID: 30054760 PMCID: PMC6063809 DOI: 10.1186/s40635-018-0184-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite increasing ethical standards for conducting animal research, death is still often used as an endpoint in mouse sepsis studies. Recently, the Murine Sepsis Score (MSS), Mouse Clinical Assessment Score for Sepsis (M-CASS), and Mouse Grimace Scale (MGS) were developed as surrogate endpoint scoring systems for assessing pain and disease severity in mice. The objective of our study was to compare the effectiveness of these scoring systems and monitoring of body temperature for predicting disease progression and death in the cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) sepsis model, in order to better inform selection of surrogate endpoints for death in experimental sepsis. Methods C57Bl/6J mice were subjected to control sham surgery, or moderate or severe CLP sepsis. All mice were monitored every 4 h for surrogate markers of death using modified versions of the MSS, M-CASS, and MGS scoring systems until 24 h post-operatively, or until endpoint (inability to ambulate) and consequent euthanasia. Results Thirty percent of mice subjected to moderate severity CLP reached endpoint by 24 h post-CLP, whereas 100% undergoing severe CLP reached endpoint within 20 h. Modified MSS, M-CASS, and MGS scores all increased, while body temperature decreased, in a time-dependent and sepsis severity-dependent manner, although modified M-CASS scores showed substantial variability. Receiver operating characteristic curves demonstrate that the last recorded body temperature (AUC = 0.88; 95% CI 0.77–0.99), change in body temperature (AUC = 0.89; 95% CI 0.78–0.99), modified M-CASS (AUC = 0.93; 95% CI 0.85–1.00), and modified MSS (AUC = 0.95; 95% CI 0.88–1.01) scores are all robust for predicting death in CLP sepsis, whereas modified MGS (AUC = 0.78; 95% CI 0.63–0.92) is less robust. Conclusions The modified MSS and body temperature are effective markers for assessing disease severity and predicting death in the CLP model, and should thus be considered as valid surrogate markers to replace death as an endpoint in mouse CLP sepsis studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safiah H C Mai
- Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute (TaARI), McMaster University, 237 Barton St. E., DBRI Room C5-107, Hamilton, ON, L8L 2X2, Canada
| | - Neha Sharma
- Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute (TaARI), McMaster University, 237 Barton St. E., DBRI Room C5-107, Hamilton, ON, L8L 2X2, Canada
| | - Andrew C Kwong
- Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute (TaARI), McMaster University, 237 Barton St. E., DBRI Room C5-107, Hamilton, ON, L8L 2X2, Canada
| | - Dhruva J Dwivedi
- Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute (TaARI), McMaster University, 237 Barton St. E., DBRI Room C5-107, Hamilton, ON, L8L 2X2, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. W, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Momina Khan
- Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute (TaARI), McMaster University, 237 Barton St. E., DBRI Room C5-107, Hamilton, ON, L8L 2X2, Canada
| | - Peter M Grin
- Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute (TaARI), McMaster University, 237 Barton St. E., DBRI Room C5-107, Hamilton, ON, L8L 2X2, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. W, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Alison E Fox-Robichaud
- Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute (TaARI), McMaster University, 237 Barton St. E., DBRI Room C5-107, Hamilton, ON, L8L 2X2, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. W, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Patricia C Liaw
- Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute (TaARI), McMaster University, 237 Barton St. E., DBRI Room C5-107, Hamilton, ON, L8L 2X2, Canada. .,Department of Medicine, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. W, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada.
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16
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Busch D, Kapoor A, Rademann P, Hildebrand F, Bahrami S, Thiemermann C, Osuchowski MF. Delayed activation of PPAR-β/δ improves long-term survival in mouse sepsis: effects on organ inflammation and coagulation. Innate Immun 2018; 24:262-273. [PMID: 29697010 DOI: 10.1177/1753425918771748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-β/δ reduces tissue injury in murine endotoxemia. We hypothesized that the PPAR-β/δ-agonist GW0742 improves long-term outcome after sepsis caused by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). Fifty-one CD-1 female mice underwent CLP and received either vehicle (control), GW0742 (0.03 mg/kg/injection; five post-CLP i.v. injections), GSK0660 (PPAR-β/δ-antagonist) or both and were monitored for 28 d. Another 20 CLP mice treated with GW0742 and vehicle were sacrificed 24 h post-CLP to assess coagulopathy. Compared to vehicle, survival of CLP-mice treated with GW0742 was higher by 35% at d 7 and by 50% at d 28. CLP mice treated with GW0742 had 60% higher IFN-γ but circulating monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and chemokine ligand were lower at 48 h post-CLP. Compared to vehicle, CLP mice treated with GW0742 exhibited a 50% reduction in the circulating plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 associated with an increase in platelet number at 24 h post-CLP (but no changes occurred in anti-thrombin-III, plasminogen, fibrinogen and clotting-times). CLP mice treated with GW0742 exhibited a similar increase in most of the biochemical markers of organ injury/dysfunction (lactate dehydrogenase, alanine aminotransferase, creatine kinase, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, and triglycerides) measured. Treatment with GW0742 consistently improved long-term survival in septic CD-1 mice by partially modulating the post-CLP systemic cytokine response and coagulation systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Busch
- 1 Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology in the AUVA Research Center, Vienna, Austria.,2 Department of General-, Visceral-, Thoracic- and Vascular Surgery, Helios Hanseklinikum Stralsund, Germany
| | - Amar Kapoor
- 3 Centre for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, William Harvey Research Institute, London, UK
| | - Pia Rademann
- 1 Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology in the AUVA Research Center, Vienna, Austria.,4 Center for Experimental Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Soheyl Bahrami
- 1 Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology in the AUVA Research Center, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Thiemermann
- 3 Centre for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, William Harvey Research Institute, London, UK
| | - Marcin F Osuchowski
- 1 Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology in the AUVA Research Center, Vienna, Austria
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17
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Liverani E, Mondrinos MJ, Sun S, Kunapuli SP, Kilpatrick LE. Role of Protein Kinase C-delta in regulating platelet activation and platelet-leukocyte interaction during sepsis. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0195379. [PMID: 29617417 PMCID: PMC5884571 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is characterized by an intense systemic inflammatory response activating a cascade of proinflammatory events resulting in leukocyte dysregulation and host tissue damage. The lung is particularly susceptible to systemic inflammation, leading to acute lung injury. Key to inflammation-induced lung damage is the excessive migration of neutrophils across the vascular endothelium. The mechanisms which regulate neutrophil activation and migration in sepsis are not well defined but there is growing evidence that platelets are actively involved and play a key role in microvascular permeability and neutrophil-mediated organ damage. We previously identified PKC-delta (PKCδ) as a critical regulator of the inflammatory response in sepsis and demonstrated PKCδ inhibition was lung protective. However, the role of PKCδ in sepsis-induced platelet activation and platelet-leukocyte interactions is not known. In this study, rats underwent sham surgery or cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) to induce sepsis. Following surgeries, a PKCδ inhibitor (200μg/kg) or vehicle (PBS) was administered intra-tracheally. At 24 hours post-surgeries, lung tissue, BAL fluid, and blood samples were collected. While sepsis caused thrombocytopenia, the remaining circulating platelets were activated as demonstrated by increased p-selectin expression, elevated plasma PF4, and enhanced platelet-leukocyte aggregate formation compared to Sham animals. Platelet activation was associated with increased platelet PKCδ activity. Inhibition of PKCδ attenuated sepsis-induced platelet activation, secretion and aggregate formation. Sepsis-induced thrombocytopenia was also significantly reduced and circulating platelet numbers were similar to sham animals. In the lung, sepsis induced significant influx of platelets and neutrophils and the development of lung injury. Administration of the PKCδ inhibitor decreased platelet and neutrophil influx, and was lung protective. Thus, PKCδ inhibition modulated platelet activity both locally and systemically, decreased neutrophil influx into the lung, and was lung protective. We demonstrate for the first time that PKCδ plays an important role in platelet activation and platelet-neutrophil interaction during sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Liverani
- Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Center for Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Mark J. Mondrinos
- Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Center for Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Shuang Sun
- Center for Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Satya P. Kunapuli
- Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Physiology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Laurie E. Kilpatrick
- Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Center for Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Physiology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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18
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Chen X, Feng Y, Shen X, Pan G, Fan G, Gao X, Han J, Zhu Y. Anti-sepsis protection of Xuebijing injection is mediated by differential regulation of pro- and anti-inflammatory Th17 and T regulatory cells in a murine model of polymicrobial sepsis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 211:358-365. [PMID: 28987599 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2017] [Revised: 10/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Xuebijing injection (XBJ), a Chinese herbal medicine containing extracts from 5 herbs, is frequently used as an add-on with standard therapies to treat sepsis or septic shock with fewer side effects in China. Nonetheless, its mechanism of action on septic shock remains to be unveiled. We explored the differential effects of XBJ on subtypes of CD4+ T cell differentiation and septic shock protection in a murine model to understand the contribution of XBJ to regulation of the inflammation-immune axis function. MATERIALS AND METHODS In vitro T cell differentiation assays were performed to determine the effect of XBJ on CD4+ regulatory T cell and T helper cell differentiation. Besides, 2ml/kg, 6ml/kg- and 18ml/kg of XBJ were administered to different groups of septic mice once/day for 5 days after cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) surgeries. 36h after CLP, serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α and IL-6 were determined with Elisa. Frequencies of CD4+ T cells were analyzed after staining with Tregs and T helper cell lineage specific antibodies by flow cytometer. RESULTS XBJ at 18ml/kg stimulated Treg differentiation and moderately inhibited Th17 differentiation in vitro. Accordingly, 18ml/kg XBJ facilitated the expansion of IL-10+ Tregs and normalized pro-inflammatory Th17 population in septic mice. This regimen also significantly reduced serum levels of inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 in septic mice. Additionally, 18ml/kg XBJ injection effectively prevented neutrophil infiltration into the lung and kidney and improved survival in this septic shock model. CONCLUSIONS In summary, XBJ improves survival in septic shock partially through preventing cytokine storm, inhibiting inflammation and regulating the balance of Tregs and Th17 cells. Thus, higher dose of XBJ is a potential regimen to benefit septic shock patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshanxi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300193, China; Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology & Medicine, 220 Dongting Road, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Yuxin Feng
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshanxi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300193, China; Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology & Medicine, 220 Dongting Road, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Xiya Shen
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshanxi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300193, China; Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology & Medicine, 220 Dongting Road, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, China; State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Guixiang Pan
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshanxi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300193, China; Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology & Medicine, 220 Dongting Road, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Guanwei Fan
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshanxi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Xiumei Gao
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshanxi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Jihong Han
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yan Zhu
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshanxi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300193, China; Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology & Medicine, 220 Dongting Road, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, China; Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center and Tufts University School of Medicine, 750 Washington Street, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
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19
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Association of Kidney Tissue Barrier Disrupture and Renal Dysfunction in Resuscitated Murine Septic Shock. Shock 2018; 46:398-404. [PMID: 26926005 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000000599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Septic shock-related kidney failure is characterized by almost normal morphological appearance upon pathological examination. Endothelial barrier disrupture has been suggested to be of crucial importance for septic shock-induced organ dysfunction. Therefore, in murine resuscitated cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced septic shock, we tested the hypothesis whether there is a direct relationship between the kidney endothelial barrier injury and renal dysfunction. Anesthetized mice underwent CLP, and 15 h later, were anesthetized again and surgically instrumented for a 5-h period of intensive care comprising lung-protective mechanical ventilation, fluid resuscitation, continuous i.v. norepinephrine to maintain target hemodynamics, and measurement of creatinine clearance (CrCl). Animals were stratified according to low or high CrCl. Nitrotyrosine formation, expression of the inducible isoform of the nitric oxide synthase, and blood cytokine (tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-6, interleukin-10) and chemokine (monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, keratinocyte-derived chemokine) levels were significantly higher in animals with low CrCl. When plotted against CrCl and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin levels, extravascular albumin accumulation, and tissue expression of the vascular endothelial growth factor and angiopoietin-1 showed significant mathematical relationships related to kidney (dys)function. Preservation of the constitutive expression of the hydrogen sulfide producing enzyme cystathione-γ-lyase was associated with maintenance of organ function. The direct quantitative relation between microvascular leakage and kidney (dys)function may provide a missing link between near-normal tissue morphology and septic shock-related renal failure, thus further highlighting the important role of vascular integrity in septic shock-related renal failure.
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20
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Mitochondria-Targeted Antioxidants SkQ1 and MitoTEMPO Failed to Exert a Long-Term Beneficial Effect in Murine Polymicrobial Sepsis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:6412682. [PMID: 29104729 PMCID: PMC5625755 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6412682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial-derived reactive oxygen species have been deemed an important contributor in sepsis pathogenesis. We investigated whether two mitochondria-targeted antioxidants (mtAOX; SkQ1 and MitoTEMPO) improved long-term outcome, lessened inflammation, and improved organ homeostasis in polymicrobial murine sepsis. 3-month-old female CD-1 mice (n = 90) underwent cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) and received SkQ1 (5 nmol/kg), MitoTEMPO (50 nmol/kg), or vehicle 5 times post-CLP. Separately, 52 SkQ1-treated CLP mice were sacrificed at 24 h and 48 h for additional endpoints. Neither MitoTEMPO nor SkQ1 exerted any protracted survival benefit. Conversely, SkQ1 exacerbated 28-day mortality by 29%. CLP induced release of 10 circulating cytokines, increased urea, ALT, and LDH, and decreased glucose but irrespectively of treatment. Similar occurred for CLP-induced lymphopenia/neutrophilia and the NO blood release. At 48 h post-CLP, dying mice had approximately 100-fold more CFUs in the spleen than survivors, but this was not SkQ1 related. At 48 h, macrophage and granulocyte counts increased in the peritoneal lavage but irrespectively of SkQ1. Similarly, hepatic mitophagy was not altered by SkQ1 at 24 h. The absence of survival benefit of mtAOX may be due to the extended treatment and/or a relatively moderate-risk-of-death CLP cohort. Long-term effect of mtAOX in abdominal sepsis appears different to sepsis/inflammation models arising from other body compartments.
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Abstract
To effectively improve outcomes of septic patients, we first need to elucidate the multifaceted pathogenesis of sepsis syndromes and related inflammatory conditions. In fulfillment of such needs, in February 2016, new definitions for sepsis and septic shock were published under the acronym Sepsis-3. Although aimed at the clinical area, Sepsis-3 will have an inevitable influence upon the field of translational research as well. Sepsis-3 brings a considerable shift regarding the experimental focal point: from inflammatory states (SIRS/CARS) to organ failure (single and multiple) as the decisive factor. This shift exposes several shortcomings of the current in vivo sepsis modeling including lack of uniform scoring system for sepsis severity and organ dysfunction/failure; high variability of organ dysfunction phenotypes among animal species/strains; difficulty in reproducing severe, intensive care unit grade of organ dysfunction due to high resistance of experimental animals and others. It is intuitive that clinical Sepsis-3 should also serve as an incentive for developing a global standardized approach in sepsis modeling to maximize its translational potential. This could be achieved, for example, by generating consensus guidelines that would support scientists in their study design and optimal sepsis modeling decision-making. An implementation of such hypothetical "Minimum Quality Threshold in Preclinical Sepsis Studies" guidelines across different species has a strong potential for making sepsis studies more reliable and transpolatable. We strongly believe that an internationally coordinated standardization effort in sepsis modeling will certainly serve the above purposes well.
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Li H, Wang S, Zhan B, He W, Chu L, Qiu D, Li N, Wan Y, Zhang H, Chen X, Fang Q, Shen J, Yang X. Therapeutic effect of Schistosoma japonicum cystatin on bacterial sepsis in mice. Parasit Vectors 2017; 10:222. [PMID: 28482922 PMCID: PMC5422996 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-017-2162-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis is a life-threatening complication of an infection and remains one of the leading causes of mortality in surgical patients. Bacteremia induces excessive inflammatory responses that result in multiple organ damage. Chronic helminth infection and helminth-derived materials have been found to immunomodulate host immune system to reduce inflammation against some allergic or inflammatory diseases. Schistosoma japonicum cystatin (Sj-Cys) is a cysteine protease inhibitor that induces regulatory T-cells and a potential immunomodulatory. The effect of Sj-Cys on reducing sepsis inflammation and mortality was investigated. METHODS Sepsis was induced in BALB/c mice using cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), followed by intraperitoneal injection of different doses (10, 25 or 50 μg) of recombinant Sj-Cys (rSj-Cys). The therapeutic effect of rSj-Cys on sepsis was evaluated by observing the survival rates of mice for 96 h after CLP and the pathological injury of liver, kidney and lung by measuring the levels of alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Cr) in sera and the tissue sections pathology, and the expression of MyD88 in liver, kidney and lung tissues. The immunological mechanism was investigated by examining pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β) and IL-10 and TGF-β1 in mice sera and in culture of macrophages stimulated by lipopolysaccharides (LPS). RESULTS rSj-Cys treatment provided significant therapeutic effects on CLP-induced sepsis in mice demonstrated with increased survival rates, alleviated overall disease severity and tissue injury of liver, kidney and lung. The rSj-Cys conferred therapeutic efficacy was associated with upregualted IL-10 and TGF-β1 cytokines and reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β. MyD88 expression in liver, kidney and lung tissues of rSj-Cys-treated mice was reduced. In vitro assay with macrophages also showed that rSj-Cys inhibited the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and mediator nitric oxide (NO) after being stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). CONCLUSIONS The results suggest the anti-inflammatory potential of rSj-Cys as a promising therapeutic agent on sepsis. The immunological mechanism underlying its therapeutic effect may involve the downregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and upregulation of IL-10 and TGF-β1 cytokines possibly via downregulation of the TLR adaptor-transducer MyD88 pathway. The findings suggest rSj-Cys is a potential therapeutic agent for sepsis and other inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Li
- Basic Medical College of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233000, China.,Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233000, China
| | - Shushu Wang
- Pediatrics Department of Affiliated Provincial Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230001, China
| | - Bin Zhan
- Section of Tropical Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Wenxin He
- Basic Medical College of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233000, China.,Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233000, China
| | - Liang Chu
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233000, China
| | - Dapeng Qiu
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233000, China
| | - Nan Li
- Basic Medical College of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233000, China
| | - Yongkun Wan
- Basic Medical College of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233000, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Basic Medical College of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233000, China
| | - Xingzhi Chen
- Basic Medical College of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233000, China
| | - Qiang Fang
- Basic Medical College of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233000, China
| | - Jilong Shen
- Department of Immunology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Xiaodi Yang
- Basic Medical College of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233000, China. .,Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233000, China.
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Nascimento DC, Melo PH, Piñeros AR, Ferreira RG, Colón DF, Donate PB, Castanheira FV, Gozzi A, Czaikoski PG, Niedbala W, Borges MC, Zamboni DS, Liew FY, Cunha FQ, Alves-Filho JC. IL-33 contributes to sepsis-induced long-term immunosuppression by expanding the regulatory T cell population. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14919. [PMID: 28374774 PMCID: PMC5382289 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients who survive sepsis can develop long-term immune dysfunction, with expansion of the regulatory T (Treg) cell population. However, how Treg cells proliferate in these patients is not clear. Here we show that IL-33 has a major function in the induction of this immunosuppression. Mice deficient in ST2 (IL-33R) develop attenuated immunosuppression in cases that survive sepsis, whereas treatment of naive wild-type mice with IL-33 induces immunosuppression. IL-33, released during tissue injury in sepsis, activates type 2 innate lymphoid cells, which promote polarization of M2 macrophages, thereby enhancing expansion of the Treg cell population via IL-10. Moreover, sepsis-surviving patients have more Treg cells, IL-33 and IL-10 in their peripheral blood. Our study suggests that targeting IL-33 may be an effective treatment for sepsis-induced immunosuppression. Patients who survive sepsis are at increased risk of infection owing to long-term immunosuppression that is associated with an increase in Treg cell numbers. Here the authors show expansion of the Treg cell population in sepsis mice is driven by IL-33-induced ILC2 activation of IL-10 production by macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele C Nascimento
- Departments of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Paulo H Melo
- Departments of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Annie R Piñeros
- Departments of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Raphael G Ferreira
- Departments of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14049-900, Brazil
| | - David F Colón
- Departments of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Paula B Donate
- Departments of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Fernanda V Castanheira
- Departments of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Aline Gozzi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Paula G Czaikoski
- Departments of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Wanda Niedbala
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Marcos C Borges
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Dario S Zamboni
- Departments of Cell Biology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Foo Y Liew
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK.,School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Fernando Q Cunha
- Departments of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Jose C Alves-Filho
- Departments of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14049-900, Brazil
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Vendor effects on murine gut microbiota influence experimental abdominal sepsis. J Surg Res 2016; 211:126-136. [PMID: 28501108 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2016.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Experimental animal models are indispensable components of preclinical sepsis research. Reproducible results highly rely on defined and invariant baseline conditions. Our hypothesis was that the murine gut microbiota varies among different distributors of laboratory animals and that these variations influence the phenotype of abdominal sepsis derived from a bacterial inoculum model (intraperitoneal stool injection). MATERIALS AND METHODS Male C57BL/6 mice (8-wk old) purchased from Charles River (CR), Janvier (J), and Harlan (H) were sacrificed, and the bacterial composition of feces was analyzed using CHROMagar orientation medium. Stool was injected intraperitoneally into CR mice, followed by clinical observation and gene expression analysis. Experiments were repeated 16 mo later under the same conditions. RESULTS Stool analysis revealed profound intervendor differences in bacterial composition, mainly regarding Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus licheniformis. Mice challenged with CR as well as H feces developed significantly higher severity of disease and died within the observation period, whereas stool from J mice did not induce any of these symptoms. Real-time polymerase chain reaction revealed corresponding results with significant upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines and vascular leakage-related mediators in CR and H injected animals. Sixteen months later, the bacterial fecal composition had significantly shifted. The differences in clinical phenotype of sepsis after intraperitoneal stool injection had vanished. CONCLUSIONS We are the first to demonstrate vendor and time effects on the murine fecal microbiota influencing sepsis models of intraabdominal stool contamination. The intestinal microbiota must be defined and standardized when designing and interpreting past and future studies using murine abdominal sepsis models.
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Gonçalves-de-Albuquerque CF, Medeiros-de-Moraes IM, Oliveira FMDJ, Burth P, Bozza PT, Castro Faria MV, Silva AR, de Castro-Faria-Neto HC. Omega-9 Oleic Acid Induces Fatty Acid Oxidation and Decreases Organ Dysfunction and Mortality in Experimental Sepsis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153607. [PMID: 27078880 PMCID: PMC4831806 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is characterized by inflammatory and metabolic alterations, which lead to massive cytokine production, oxidative stress and organ dysfunction. In severe systemic inflammatory response syndrome, plasma non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) are increased. Several NEFA are deleterious to cells, activate Toll-like receptors and inhibit Na+/K+-ATPase, causing lung injury. A Mediterranean diet rich in olive oil is beneficial. The main component of olive oil is omega-9 oleic acid (OA), a monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA). We analyzed the effect of OA supplementation on sepsis. OA ameliorated clinical symptoms, increased the survival rate, prevented liver and kidney injury and decreased NEFA plasma levels in mice subjected to cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). OA did not alter food intake and weight gain but diminished reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and NEFA plasma levels. Carnitine palmitoyltransferase IA (CPT1A) mRNA levels were increased, while uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) liver expression was enhanced in mice treated with OA. OA also inhibited the decrease in 5' AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) expression and increased the enzyme expression in the liver of OA-treated mice compared to septic animals. We showed that OA pretreatment decreased NEFA concentration and increased CPT1A and UCP2 and AMPK levels, decreasing ROS production. We suggest that OA has a beneficial role in sepsis by decreasing metabolic dysfunction, supporting the benefits of diets high in monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Patrícia Burth
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, 24020–15 Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Torres Bozza
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, 21040–900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Mauro Velho Castro Faria
- Departamento de Medicina Interna, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 20550–900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Adriana Ribeiro Silva
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, 21040–900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- * E-mail: (ARS); (HCCFN)
| | - Hugo Caire de Castro-Faria-Neto
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, 21040–900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Universidade Estácio de Sá, Programa de Produtividade Científica, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- * E-mail: (ARS); (HCCFN)
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Liang Q, Liu H, Jiang Y, Xing H, Zhang T, Ai-hua Z. High-throughput metabolic profiling for discovering metabolic biomarkers of sepsis-induced acute lung injury. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra25961d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis-induced acute lung injury (ALI) remains a leading cause of death in intensive care units and early detection is very important. This work showed that metabolite phenotype profiling might be a useful tool for the effective diagnosis and further understanding of ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Liang
- ICU Center
- First Affiliated Hospital
- School of Pharmacy
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine
- Harbin 150040
| | - Han Liu
- Simon Fraser University (SFU)
- Burnaby
- Canada
| | - Yan Jiang
- ICU Center
- First Affiliated Hospital
- School of Pharmacy
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine
- Harbin 150040
| | - Haitao Xing
- ICU Center
- First Affiliated Hospital
- School of Pharmacy
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine
- Harbin 150040
| | - Tianyu Zhang
- ICU Center
- First Affiliated Hospital
- School of Pharmacy
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine
- Harbin 150040
| | - Zhang Ai-hua
- ICU Center
- First Affiliated Hospital
- School of Pharmacy
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine
- Harbin 150040
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