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Gorgol J, Stolarski M, Nikadon J. Why do owls have it worse? Mediating role of self-perceptions in the links between diurnal preference and features of mental health. J Sleep Res 2024; 33:e14100. [PMID: 37956983 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.14100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Recent research provides evidence for the negative social perceptions of evening chronotypes and their consequences on mental health. However, there is a lack of studies indicating whether these negative, socially shared beliefs may become internalized in negative self-perceptions of evening-types (E-types). The present article provides a seminal empirical analysis of the role of self-liking and self-competence in the associations between chronotype and both depressiveness and well-being. In the first part of the study, the participants completed the Composite Scale of Morningness. On the basis of the chronotype cut-off criteria for Composite Scale of Morningness distribution, 100 individuals were classified as morning-types (M-types) and 66 individuals as E-types. Therefore, 166 participants (80 women and 86 men) aged 18-36 years (M ± SD: 29.27 ± 4.81 years) took part in the second part of the study, and completed questionnaires measuring self-liking, self-competence, life satisfaction, positive and negative affect, and depressiveness. Results show that E-types scored lower in self-liking, self-competence and subjective well-being, and higher in depressive symptoms than M-types. Controlling for age and gender, we obtained significant mediation effects, showing that the relationship between chronotype and subjective well-being might stem from the lower levels of self-liking and self-competence among E-types, and that the relationship between chronotype and depressive symptoms might stem from the lower level of self-liking among E-types. Our results suggest that self-liking and self-competence are important antecedents of lower well-being and higher depressiveness reported by E-types. Socially shared stereotypes of M-types and E-types can be internalized by the extreme chronotypes, which may significantly affect their psychological health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Gorgol
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
- Institute of Psychology, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Jan Nikadon
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
- Center for Research on Social Relations, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Warsaw, Poland
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2
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Ciorciari A, Castelli L, Galasso L, Mulè A, Esposito F, Roveda E, Montaruli A. Social jetlag affects jump skills in sub-elite volleyball players. Front Sports Act Living 2024; 6:1443804. [PMID: 39139743 PMCID: PMC11319171 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2024.1443804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Social jetlag (SJL), resulting from misalignment between biological rhythms and social schedules, has emerged as a prevalent phenomenon in modern society, particularly among young athletes. However, the effect of SJL on performance is poorly studied. Jump and dynamic balance are two key skills in volleyball, as the first allows the player to perform better both during the offense and defense phase, and the second is fundamental in landing and in injury prevention. Therefore, our aim was to investigate the effect of SJL on jump skill performance and balance in female volleyball players. Thirty female volleyball players (mean age: 17.3 ± 0.88 years) participated in the study. SJL was assessed using the Munich ChronoType Questionnaire (MCTQ), integrated with Jankowsky's sleep-corrected formula. Jump skill performance was evaluated using a standardized jump test, the Vertec Jump Test, while balance was assessed with the Y Balance Test. The tests were performed at 09:00 a.m. and at 06:00 p.m. The results revealed that players with greater SJL exhibited decreased jump performance, characterized by lower vertical jump height (p = 0.02). Furthermore, players with lower SJL showed the typical difference between morning and afternoon performance (p = 0.001), demonstrating their synchronization between biological rhythms and social commitments, while no statistically significant difference between the two sessions was shown in players with higher SJL. Regarding balance, no significant association with SJL was found, but the morning session yielded lower results than the afternoon one (p = 0.01). These findings highlight the detrimental impact of SJL on jump skill performance, underscoring the importance of optimizing sleep-wake schedules and circadian alignment to enhance athletic performance. Future research should explore targeted interventions, such as sleep hygiene education, to minimize social jetlag and promote optimal performance in adolescent athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Ciorciari
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Lucia Castelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Letizia Galasso
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonino Mulè
- Faculty of Education, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Brixen-Bressanone, Italy
| | - Fabio Esposito
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Division of Exercise Physiology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Eliana Roveda
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Angela Montaruli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Kurtoğlu A, Eken Ö, Türkmen M, Çar B, Setiawan E, Yermakhanov B, Alotaibi MH, Elkholi SM. Chronotype as a predictor of athletic performance in youth with mild intellectual disabilities. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1405595. [PMID: 39035451 PMCID: PMC11257919 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1405595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim This study aimed to explore the influence of circadian rhythms on athletic performance in individuals with mild intellectual disabilities (ID), with a specific focus on elucidating the association between chronotype and various performance metrics. Methods The study was a cross-sectional study consisting of 30 male participants aged between 11 and 19 years and diagnosed with mild ID. The chronotypes of all participants were assessed using the Childhood Chronotype Questionnaire (CCQ). Performance assessments were divided into three groups. Group A tests [sit and reach, medicine ball throw (MBT), plank], group B tests [handgrip strength (HGS), standing long jump (SLJ), 20-m sprint (20 ms)] and group C tests [vertical jump (VJ), hanging with bent arm (HBA), Illinois agility test) in order to ensure adequate rest periods between tests and not to affect the results. These group tests were performed 48 h apart, between 09:00-10:00 and 17:00-18:00, after a dynamic warm-up session. Results Significant variations were observed in the sit-and-reach test (t = -4.154, d = -0.75, p < .001), HGS (t = -2.484, d = -0.45, p = .019), SLJ (t = -2.117, d = -0.38, p = .043), VJ (t = -5.004, d = -0.91, p < .001), and plank duration (t = -4.653, d = -0.84, p < .001). Evening performances showed improvement in MBT, HBA, 20 ms, and the Illinois agility test, although these differences were not statistically significant (p > .05). Notably, positive correlations were identified between participants' chronotypes and their performance in HBA (morning/evening; r = .693, p = .026; r = .656, p = .039, respectively) and the plank (evening; r = .717, p = .020), with negative correlations noted in the 20 ms (morning/evening; r = -.703, p = .023; r = -.710, p = .021, respectively). Conclusion The findings suggest that individuals with mild ID exhibit enhanced athletic performance during evening hours. These insights underscore the importance of considering chronotype in tailoring exercise interventions for this population to optimize outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Kurtoğlu
- Department of Coaching Education, Faculty of Sport Science, Bandirma Onyedi Eylul University, Balikesir, Türkiye
| | - Özgür Eken
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Teaching, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Inonu University, Malatya, Türkiye
| | - Musa Türkmen
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Teaching, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Inonu University, Malatya, Türkiye
| | - Bekir Çar
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Teaching, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Bandirma Onyedi Eylul University, Bandirma, Türkiye
| | - Edi Setiawan
- Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas Suryakancana, Cianjur, Indonesia
| | - Baglan Yermakhanov
- Faculty of Sports and Arts, Khoja Akhmet Yassawi International Kazakh-Turkish University, Turkestan, Kazakhstan
| | - Madawi H. Alotaibi
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Safaa M. Elkholi
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Sax van der Weyden M, Merrigan JJ, Newman K, Hahn J, Martin J. Army Combat Fitness Test Scores Moderate Cognitive Function Improvements After a Ruck March: A Hierarchical Linear Model Approach. J Strength Cond Res 2024; 38:1314-1320. [PMID: 38662931 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000004788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Sax van der Weyden, M, Merrigan, JJ, Newman, K, Hahn, J, and Martin, J. Army Combat Fitness Test scores moderate cognitive function improvements after a ruck march: A hierarchical linear model approach. J Strength Cond Res 38(7): 1314-1320, 2024-Heavy load carriage is a common task for military personnel and can lead to undue physical and mental fatigue. The purpose of this study was to assess effects of load carriage on cognitive function (CF) and the role individual characteristics play in CF responses. Anthropometrics/body composition, demographics, and Army Combat Fitness Test (ACFT) scores were gathered from 47 Reserve Officers' Training Corps cadets. Cadets' CF was assessed through the concentration task grid (CTG) before (preruck), immediately after (postruck), and 3 weeks after (follow-up) a 16.09- to 19.31-km ruck march. Hierarchical linear modeling was used, with α < 0.05. The final model revealed growth, or improvement, in CF from preruck to postruck with growth decelerating, but still improved, at follow-up. The load carriage bout improved CF in most cadets, with average growth from 5.67- to 7.20-grid squares found. However, postruck CF did not return to the same level as a controlled follow-up (9.69). Sex (2.46, female), familiarity with the CTG (1.99), ACFT total scores (0.009), and relative ruck mass (-0.09) were all significant predictors of postruck CF. Army Combat Fitness Test scores (0.008) were also significant predictors of the slope between preruck and postruck, such that an ACFT score 59 points above average would result in a 1-grid square greater improvement in CF postruck. The significance of ACFT scores, lower relative ruck mass, and familiarization highlights the importance physical and mental preparation for desirable CF outcomes after occupational tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Sax van der Weyden
- Sports Medicine Assessment Research & Testing (SMART) Laboratory, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia
| | | | - Kayleigh Newman
- Sports Medicine Assessment Research & Testing (SMART) Laboratory, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia
| | - Joseph Hahn
- Sports Medicine Assessment Research & Testing (SMART) Laboratory, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia
| | - Joel Martin
- Sports Medicine Assessment Research & Testing (SMART) Laboratory, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia
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Balter LJT, Holding BC, Petrovic P, Axelsson J. The rhythm of mental health: the relationship of chronotype with psychiatric trait dimensions and diurnal variation in psychiatric symptoms. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:237. [PMID: 38834543 PMCID: PMC11150537 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-024-02943-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
To advance the emergence of circadian-based therapies, this study characterized how psychiatric symptoms fluctuate across the day and vary between individuals. Using a dimensional approach, we determined how chronotype relates to 13 psychiatric traits, and modeled the temporal development of symptoms throughout the day using generalized additive mixed effects models. In this preregistered study, a subclinical sample completed 13 psychiatric trait scales and a chronotype scale at baseline (N = 515, n = 404 women, 109 men, n = 2 non-binary, M age = 32.4 years, range 18-77), followed by 22 psychiatric symptoms and behaviors rated repeatedly between ~08:00-00:00 (n = 410). Key findings are that 11 out of 13 psychiatric traits were associated with being an evening-type, ranging from depression to obsessive comulsive disorder, social anxiety, and delusional ideation, while only mania was associated with being a morning-type. Four distinct psychiatric trait factors were identified, each predicting worse symptom levels throughout the day. Fatigue-related symptoms exhibited strong time-of-day changes with evening-types experiencing worse fatigue in the morning and morning-types in the evening. Evening-types had considerably lower drive and motivation than morning-types from morning to early evening. Evening-types also had more pronounced negative emotional symptoms and ADHD-type symptoms in the evening, particularly among those high in psychiatric trait factors. These findings identified important research targets that hold promise for improving mental health outcomes, such as strategies to boost morning motivation. Furthermore, the results emphasize the relevance of incorporating circadian factors, including chronotype, into translational psychiatric research and interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie J T Balter
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 65, Sweden.
- Department of Psychology, Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, 114 19, Sweden.
| | - Benjamin C Holding
- Department of Sociology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DK 1014, Denmark
| | - Predrag Petrovic
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 65, Sweden
| | - John Axelsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 65, Sweden
- Department of Psychology, Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, 114 19, Sweden
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Friebe D, Banzer W, Giesche F, Haser C, Hülsdünker T, Pfab F, Rußmann F, Sieland J, Spataro F, Vogt L. Effects of 6-Week Motor-Cognitive Agility Training on Football Test Performance in Adult Amateur Players - A Three-Armed Randomized Controlled Trial. J Sports Sci Med 2024; 23:276-288. [PMID: 38841643 PMCID: PMC11149080 DOI: 10.52082/jssm.2024.276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Agility, defined as the ability to rapidly respond to unforeseen events, constitutes a central performance component in football. Existing agility training approaches often focus on change of direction that does not reflect the complex motor-cognitive demands on the pitch. The objective of this study is to examine the effects of a novel motor-cognitive dual-task agility training (Multiple-object tracking integrated into agility training) on agility and football-specific test performance parameters, compared to agility and a change of direction (COD) training. Adult male amateur football players (n = 42; age: 27±6; height: 181±7cm; weight: 80±12kg) were randomly allocated to one of the three intervention groups (COD, agility, agility + multiple object tracking). The Loughborough Soccer Passing Test (LSPT), a dribbling test with/without cognitive task as well as the Random Star Run (with/without ball) and the modified T-Test were assessed before and after a 6-week training period. Time effects within the T-Test (F = 83.9; p < 0.001; η2 = 0.68) and dribbling test without cognitive task (F = 23.9; p < 0.001; η2 = 0.38) with improvements of all intervention groups (p < 0.05) were found. Dribbling with cognitive task revealed a time effect (F = 7.8; p = 0.008; η2 = 0.17), with improvements exclusively in the agility and dual-task agility groups (p < 0.05). Random Star Run with and without ball exhibited a time (F = 38.8; p < 0.001; η2 = 0.5; F = 82.7; p < 0.001; η2 = 0.68) and interaction effect (F = 14.14; p < 0.001; η2 = 0.42; F = 27.8; p < 0.001; η2 = 0.59), with improvements for the agility and dual-task agility groups. LSPT showed no time, group or interaction effect. The effects of change of direction training are limited to change of direction and dribbling test performance within preplanned scenarios. In contrast, motor-cognitive agility interventions result in notable enhancements in football-specific and agility tests, incorporating decision-making and multitasking components. No differences were observed between agility and agility + multiple object tracking. To achieve a transfer to game-relevant performance, coaches should focus on integrating cognitive challenges into motor training.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Friebe
- Division of Preventive and Sports Medicine, Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt/Main, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Winfried Banzer
- Division of Preventive and Sports Medicine, Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt/Main, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
- Medical Department Eintracht Frankfurt Soccer AG, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Florian Giesche
- Division of Preventive and Sports Medicine, Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt/Main, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Christian Haser
- Medical Department Eintracht Frankfurt Soccer AG, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Thorben Hülsdünker
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, LUNEX International University of Health, Exercise and Sports, Differdange, Luxembourg
- Luxembourg Health and Sport Science Research Institute (LHSSRI), Differdange, Luxembourg
| | - Florian Pfab
- Medical Department Eintracht Frankfurt Soccer AG, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Fritz Rußmann
- Department of Sports Medicine and Exercise Physiology, Goethe University Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Johanna Sieland
- Medical Department Eintracht Frankfurt Soccer AG, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Fabio Spataro
- Department of Sports Medicine and Exercise Physiology, Goethe University Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Lutz Vogt
- Department of Sports Medicine and Exercise Physiology, Goethe University Frankfurt/Main, Germany
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7
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Li AR, Thomas ML, Gonzalez MR, McCarthy MJ, Hasler BP, Tapert SF, Meruelo AD. Greater social jetlag predicts poorer NIH Toolbox crystallized cognitive and academic performance in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study. Chronobiol Int 2024; 41:829-839. [PMID: 38771191 PMCID: PMC11292803 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2024.2353848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Academic performance plays a crucial role in long-term educational attainment and occupational function. Chronotype refers to an individual's daily tendencies for times for waking, activity, and sleep. Social jetlag reflects the mismatch between an individual's chronotype and their social schedule. Because school typically starts early in the morning, later chronotype is often associated with daytime sleepiness, insufficient sleep, and poor academic performance. However, the relationship between academic performance, chronotype, and social jetlag has not been extensively examined in large samples like the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study. We hypothesized that greater social jetlag would predict poorer cognitive and academic performance. Year 2 (ages 11-14) cross-sectional data from the ABCD cohort (n = 6,890 adolescents) were used to evaluate academic performance (i.e. self-reported past year grades), NIH Toolbox cognitive performance measures, chronotype, and social jetlag from the Munich Chronotype Questionnaire. We found that later chronotype and greater social jetlag predicted poorer cognitive and academic performance with small effect sizes. Our findings emphasize the importance of individual differences in chronotype and social jetlag when designing class schedules, as aligning school activities with student optimal sleep-wake times may contribute to improved academic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber R. Li
- University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
| | - Michael L. Thomas
- Colorado State University, 1876 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1876 USA
| | | | - Michael J. McCarthy
- University of California, San Diego, VA San Diego Healthcare System, 3350 La Jolla Village Dr, San Diego, CA 92161 USA
| | - Brant P. Hasler
- University of Pittsburgh, 3811 O’Hara St., Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
| | - Susan F. Tapert
- University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
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Guo B, Mao T, Tao R, Fu S, Deng Y, Liu Z, Wang M, Wang R, Zhao W, Chai Y, Jiang C, Rao H. Test-retest reliability and time-of-day variations of perfusion imaging at rest and during a vigilance task. Cereb Cortex 2024; 34:bhae212. [PMID: 38771245 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhae212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Arterial spin-labeled perfusion and blood oxygenation level-dependent functional MRI are indispensable tools for noninvasive human brain imaging in clinical and cognitive neuroscience, yet concerns persist regarding the reliability and reproducibility of functional MRI findings. The circadian rhythm is known to play a significant role in physiological and psychological responses, leading to variability in brain function at different times of the day. Despite this, test-retest reliability of brain function across different times of the day remains poorly understood. This study examined the test-retest reliability of six repeated cerebral blood flow measurements using arterial spin-labeled perfusion imaging both at resting-state and during the psychomotor vigilance test, as well as task-induced cerebral blood flow changes in a cohort of 38 healthy participants over a full day. The results demonstrated excellent test-retest reliability for absolute cerebral blood flow measurements at rest and during the psychomotor vigilance test throughout the day. However, task-induced cerebral blood flow changes exhibited poor reliability across various brain regions and networks. Furthermore, reliability declined over longer time intervals within the day, particularly during nighttime scans compared to daytime scans. These findings highlight the superior reliability of absolute cerebral blood flow compared to task-induced cerebral blood flow changes and emphasize the importance of controlling time-of-day effects to enhance the reliability and reproducibility of future brain imaging studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Guo
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Imaging Research & Key Laboratory of Brain-Machine Intelligence for Information Behavior (Ministry of Education and Shanghai), School of Business and Management, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Tianxin Mao
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Imaging Research & Key Laboratory of Brain-Machine Intelligence for Information Behavior (Ministry of Education and Shanghai), School of Business and Management, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Ruiwen Tao
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Imaging Research & Key Laboratory of Brain-Machine Intelligence for Information Behavior (Ministry of Education and Shanghai), School of Business and Management, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Shanna Fu
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Imaging Research & Key Laboratory of Brain-Machine Intelligence for Information Behavior (Ministry of Education and Shanghai), School of Business and Management, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Yao Deng
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Imaging Research & Key Laboratory of Brain-Machine Intelligence for Information Behavior (Ministry of Education and Shanghai), School of Business and Management, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Zhihui Liu
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Imaging Research & Key Laboratory of Brain-Machine Intelligence for Information Behavior (Ministry of Education and Shanghai), School of Business and Management, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Mengmeng Wang
- Business School, NingboTech University, Ningbo 315199, China
| | - Ruosi Wang
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Imaging Research & Key Laboratory of Brain-Machine Intelligence for Information Behavior (Ministry of Education and Shanghai), School of Business and Management, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Weiwei Zhao
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Imaging Research & Key Laboratory of Brain-Machine Intelligence for Information Behavior (Ministry of Education and Shanghai), School of Business and Management, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Ya Chai
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Imaging Research & Key Laboratory of Brain-Machine Intelligence for Information Behavior (Ministry of Education and Shanghai), School of Business and Management, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai 201620, China
- Center for Functional Neuroimaging, Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Caihong Jiang
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Imaging Research & Key Laboratory of Brain-Machine Intelligence for Information Behavior (Ministry of Education and Shanghai), School of Business and Management, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Hengyi Rao
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Imaging Research & Key Laboratory of Brain-Machine Intelligence for Information Behavior (Ministry of Education and Shanghai), School of Business and Management, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai 201620, China
- Center for Functional Neuroimaging, Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
- Unit for Experimental Psychiatry, Division of Sleep and Chronobiology, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
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9
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Polańska S, Karykowska A, Pawelec Ł. Associations between chronotype and physical activity and well-being in adults. Chronobiol Int 2024; 41:521-529. [PMID: 38410867 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2024.2321942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms influence a preference for people's time of activity and sleep time during the day and the hours of best performance. The aim of the study was to assess the associations between chronotype, physical activity, and well-being in adults aged 20-50. The chronotype, physical activity and well-being scores were determined based on the Composite Scale of Morningness (CSM) questionnaire, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and the Well-Being Index (WHO-5) questionnaire, respectively. Study data consisted of the answers of 213 respondents (including 64 men) who took part in an online survey. The Spearman rank correlation coefficient and the matrix scatter plots were used to check the correlations between the CSM score and quality of life parameters' values. General linear models (GLMs) were performed to find differences in quality-of-life parameters between different combinations of sex and chronotype. Morning types showed the highest value of well-being score (mean = 13.48) while evening types the lowest one (mean = 8.35). Evening types spent the most time sitting compared to other chronotypes. Results of this study revealed the significant effect of chronotype on well-being and physical activity among adults. These findings suggest that chronotype is an important factor that psychologists and personal trainers should take into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Polańska
- Division of Anthropology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, ul. Kożuchowska 5, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Karykowska
- Division of Anthropology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, ul. Kożuchowska 5, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Łukasz Pawelec
- Division of Anthropology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, ul. Kożuchowska 5, Wrocław, Poland
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10
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Pradhan S, Parganiha A, Agashe CD, Pati AK. Circadian rhythm in sportspersons and athletic performance: A mini review. Chronobiol Int 2024; 41:137-181. [PMID: 38247325 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2024.2305663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms in the physiological and behavioral processes of humans play a crucial role in the quality of living and also in the magnitude of success and failure in various endeavors including competitive sports. The rhythmic activities of the body and performance in sportspersons do have a massive impact on their every cutthroat competition. It is essential to schedule sports activities and training of players according to their circadian typology and time of peak performance for improved performance and achievement. In this review, the focus is on circadian rhythms and diurnal variations in peak athletic performance in sportspersons. Accuracy and temporal variability in peak performance in an individual could be attributed to various factors, namely chronotype, time of the day, body temperature, jetlag, hormones, and prior light exposure. Circadian rhythm of mood, alertness, T-core, and ultimately athletic performance is not only affected by sleep but also by circadian variations in hormones, such as cortisol, testosterone, and melatonin. There are, however, a few reports that are not consistent with the conclusions drawn in this review. Nevertheless, circadian rhythm and performance among sportspersons and athletes are important areas of research. This review might be useful to the managers and policymakers associated with competitive sports and athletic events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sraddha Pradhan
- School of Studies in Life Science, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, India
| | - Arti Parganiha
- School of Studies in Life Science, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, India
- Center for Translational Chronobiology, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, India
| | - C D Agashe
- School of Studies in Physical Education, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, India
| | - Atanu Kumar Pati
- School of Studies in Life Science, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, India
- Center for Translational Chronobiology, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, India
- School of Comparative Indic Studies and Tribal Sciences, Kalinga Institute of Social Sciences - Deemed to be a University, Bhubaneswar, India
- Odisha State Higher Education Council, Government of Odisha, Bhubaneswar, India
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Xing H, Wu Z, Chang Y, Ma M, Song Z, Liu Y, Dai H. Resting-State fMRI Study of Vigilance Under Circadian and Homeostatic Modulation Based on Fractional Amplitude of Low-Frequency Fluctuation and Regional Homogeneity in Humans Under Normal Entrained Conditions. J Magn Reson Imaging 2024; 59:211-222. [PMID: 37078514 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.28750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND How brain neural activity changes at multiple time points throughout the day and the neural mechanisms underlying time-dependent modulation of vigilance are less clear. PURPOSE To explore the effect of circadian rhythms and homeostasis on brain neural activity and the potential neural basis of time-dependent modulation of vigilance. STUDY TYPE Prospective. SUBJECTS A total of 30 healthy participants (22-27 years old). FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE A 3.0 T, T1-weighted imaging, echo-planar functional MRI (fMRI). ASSESSMENT Six resting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI) scanning sessions were performed at fixed times (9:00 h, 13:00 h, 17:00 h, 21:00 h, 1:00 h, and 5:00 h) to investigate fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (fALFF) and regional homogeneity (ReHo) diurnal variation. The fALFF/ReHo and the result of the psychomotor vigilance task were used to assess local neural activity and vigilance. STATISTICAL TESTS One-way repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to assess changes in vigilance (P < 0.05) and neural activity in the whole brain (P < 0.001 at the voxel level and P < 0.01 at the cluster level, Gaussian random field [GRF] corrected). Correlation analysis was used to examine the relationship between neural activity and vigilance at all-time points of the day. RESULTS The fALFF/ReHo in the thalamus and some perceptual cortices tended to increase from 9:00 h to 13:00 h and from 21:00 h to 5:00 h, whereas the key nodes of the default mode network (DMN) tended to decrease from 21:00 h to 5:00 h. The vigilance tended to decrease from 21:00 h to 5:00 h. The fALFF/ReHo in the thalamus and some perceptual cortices was negatively correlated with vigilance at all-time points of the day, whereas the fALFF/ReHo in the key nodes of the DMN was positively correlated with vigilance. DATA CONCLUSION Neural activities in the thalamus and some perceptual cortices show similar trends throughout the day, whereas the key nodes of the DMN show roughly opposite trends. Notably, diurnal variation of the neural activity in these brain regions may be an adaptive or compensatory response to changes in vigilance. EVIDENCE LEVEL 1. TECHNICAL EFFICACY 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanqi Xing
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiwei Wu
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Chang
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengya Ma
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziyang Song
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanqing Liu
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Dai
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Medical Imaging, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Intelligent Medicine and Equipment, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
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12
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Grgic J, Varovic D. Moderators of Caffeine's Effects on Jumping Performance in Females: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN NUTRITION ASSOCIATION 2024; 43:92-100. [PMID: 37191618 DOI: 10.1080/27697061.2023.2212740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of caffeine's effects on vertical jumping performance in females, with subgroup analyses for potential moderators, including phase of the menstrual cycle, testing time of day, caffeine dose, and test type. Fifteen studies were included in the review (n = 197). Their data were pooled in a random-effects meta-analysis of effect sizes (Hedges' g). In the main meta-analysis, we found an ergogenic effect of caffeine on jumping performance (g: 0.28). An ergogenic effect of caffeine on jumping performance was found when the testing was carried out in the luteal phase (g: 0.24), follicular phase (g: 0.52), luteal or follicular phase (g: 0.31), and when the phase was not specified (g: 0.21). The test for subgroup differences indicated that the ergogenic effects of caffeine were significantly greater in the follicular phase compared to all other conditions. An ergogenic effect of caffeine on jumping performance was found when the testing was carried out in the morning (g: 0.38), evening (g: 0.19), mixed morning or evening (g: 0.38), and when time was not specified (g: 0.32), with no subgroup differences. An ergogenic effect of caffeine on jumping performance was found when the dose was ≤3 mg/kg (g: 0.21), or >3 mg/kg (g: 0.37), with no subgroup differences. An ergogenic effect of caffeine on jumping performance was found in the countermovement jump test (g: 0.26) and squat jump test (g: 0.35), with no subgroup differences. In summary, caffeine ingestion is ergogenic for vertical jumping performance in females, and it seems that the magnitude of these effects is the largest in the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jozo Grgic
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Dorian Varovic
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
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13
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Stee W, Legouhy A, Guerreri M, Villemonteix T, Zhang H, Peigneux P. Microstructural dynamics of motor learning and sleep-dependent consolidation: A diffusion imaging study. iScience 2023; 26:108426. [PMID: 38058306 PMCID: PMC10696465 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Memory consolidation can benefit from post-learning sleep, eventually leading to long-term microstructural brain modifications to accommodate new memory representations. Non-invasive diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) allows the observation of (micro)structural brain remodeling after time-limited motor learning. Here, we combine conventional diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI) that allows modeling dendritic and axonal complexity in gray matter to investigate with improved specificity the microstructural brain mechanisms underlying time- and sleep-dependent motor memory consolidation dynamics. Sixty-one young healthy adults underwent four DWI sessions, two sequential motor trainings, and a night of total sleep deprivation or regular sleep distributed over five days. We observed rapid-motor-learning-related remodeling in occipitoparietal, temporal, and motor-related subcortical regions, reflecting temporary dynamics in learning-related neuronal brain plasticity processes. Sleep-related consolidation seems not to exert a detectable impact on diffusion parameters, at least on the timescale of a few days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Whitney Stee
- UR2NF-Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Research Unit affiliated at CRCN – Centre for Research in Cognition and Neurosciences and UNI - ULB Neuroscience Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
- GIGA - Cyclotron Research Centre - In Vivo Imaging, University of Liège (ULiège), Liège, Belgium
| | - Antoine Legouhy
- Department of Computer Science & Centre for Medical Image Computing, University College London (UCL), London, UK
| | - Michele Guerreri
- Department of Computer Science & Centre for Medical Image Computing, University College London (UCL), London, UK
| | - Thomas Villemonteix
- UR2NF-Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Research Unit affiliated at CRCN – Centre for Research in Cognition and Neurosciences and UNI - ULB Neuroscience Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
- Laboratoire Psychopathologie et Processus de Changement, Paris-Lumières University, Saint-Denis, France
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Computer Science & Centre for Medical Image Computing, University College London (UCL), London, UK
| | - Philippe Peigneux
- UR2NF-Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Research Unit affiliated at CRCN – Centre for Research in Cognition and Neurosciences and UNI - ULB Neuroscience Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
- GIGA - Cyclotron Research Centre - In Vivo Imaging, University of Liège (ULiège), Liège, Belgium
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14
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Tan C, Lu J, Wang J, An Y, Cao G, Zhao D, Qiu J. Chronotype characteristics of professional athletes in China: a comprehensive descriptive study. J Physiol Anthropol 2023; 42:26. [PMID: 37941071 PMCID: PMC10631192 DOI: 10.1186/s40101-023-00343-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronotype has gained recognition as a significant factor in enhancing athletic performance. This study aimed to deepen our understanding of athletes' sleep chronotypes and provide a foundation for developing evidence-based training and competition programs. By comprehensively describing and analyzing the chronotype characteristics of Chinese professional athletes, considering individual and sports factors, sleep quality and habits, and mental energy, this research aimed to contribute valuable insights to the field. METHODS A sample of 1069 professional athletes from sports teams in Shanghai completed the Athlete Sleep Screening Questionnaire and the Athlete Mental Energy Scale to assess chronotype, sleep quality, sleep-influencing habits, and mental energy. RESULTS Among athletes, sleep typology fell within the intermediate range, slightly leaning toward morningness. Male athletes and those who engaged in static sports displayed a greater propensity for morningness. Age correlated with a preference for eveningness. High-level athletes exhibited a stronger inclination toward eveningness. Sleep quality issues were associated with an inclination toward eveningness. Daily caffeine intake and the habit of using electronic devices before bedtime are also linked to eveningness. Chronotype demonstrated the ability to predict various dimensions of athletes' mental energy. It was the strongest predictor of vigor, but the loadings were smaller than those of sleep quality. CONCLUSION Chinese athletes' chronotypes primarily exhibit distinct characteristics related to individual factors such as gender, sports discipline, and ranking, as well as habits like caffeine consumption and electronic device use. Moreover, these sleep patterns demonstrate predictive capabilities across all dimensions of athletes' mental energy. This study sheds light on Chinese athletes' unique sleep chronotype attributes, enriching our understanding of sleep patterns among professional athletes under various systems. These insights offer an initial basis for enhancing the effectiveness of athlete scheduling and training management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenhao Tan
- Shanghai Research Institute of Sports Science (Shanghai Anti-Doping Agency), Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Jiaojiao Lu
- Shanghai Research Institute of Sports Science (Shanghai Anti-Doping Agency), Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Jinhao Wang
- Shanghai Research Institute of Sports Science (Shanghai Anti-Doping Agency), Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Yan An
- Shanghai Research Institute of Sports Science (Shanghai Anti-Doping Agency), Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Guohuan Cao
- Shanghai Research Institute of Sports Science (Shanghai Anti-Doping Agency), Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Defeng Zhao
- Shanghai Research Institute of Sports Science (Shanghai Anti-Doping Agency), Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Jun Qiu
- Shanghai Research Institute of Sports Science (Shanghai Anti-Doping Agency), Shanghai, 200030, China.
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15
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Vaz JR, Silva LM, Stergiou N. Stride-to-Stride Fluctuations of Human Gait Are Affected By Chronobiology: An Exploratory Study. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2023; 7:e2200235. [PMID: 36658787 PMCID: PMC10354220 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202200235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Physiological processes present daily oscillations of ≈24 h, called circadian rhythms. Motor performance, for example, reaches its peak in the afternoon, although this can be affected by chronotype. Certain motor activities, for example, walking, can also be affected by circadian rhythms. Healthy walking exhibits stride-to-stride fluctuations with a fractal-like structure that enables adaptability. While pathology and aging are shown to lead to random-like fluctuations; and, therefore, decreased adaptability; the influence of circadian rhythms remains unknown. This study investigates how these fluctuations present in healthy gait are affected by the time of day and chronotype. Eighteen young adults walk for 10 min every 2 h, from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m. Footswitches are used to determine heel-strike and calculate stride time. Then, detrended fluctuation analysis is used to calculate fractal scaling. A mixed-model Analysis of Variance is used and followed by a backward stepwise elimination process. Tukey's tests are used for pairwise comparisons. The statistical model shows the effect of time during the day (12 p.m. exhibits a higher fractal scaling compared to 8 a.m.); and chronotype (evening-types exhibit higher fractal scaling compared to morning-types). This study reveals the influence of chronobiology on stride-to-stride fluctuations. These findings open new perspectives to integrate circadian medicine in biomechanics.
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Affiliation(s)
- João R. Vaz
- Egas Moniz School of Health & Science, Egas Moniz Interdisciplinary Research Centre, Monte de Caparica, Almada
- Division of Biomechanics and Research Development and Center for Research in Human Movement Variability, University of Nebraska at Omaha, 6160 University Drive, Omaha, NE 68182-0860, USA
| | - Luís M. Silva
- Division of Biomechanics and Research Development and Center for Research in Human Movement Variability, University of Nebraska at Omaha, 6160 University Drive, Omaha, NE 68182-0860, USA
- Libphys – NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Almada, Portugal
| | - Nick Stergiou
- Division of Biomechanics and Research Development and Center for Research in Human Movement Variability, University of Nebraska at Omaha, 6160 University Drive, Omaha, NE 68182-0860, USA
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16
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Sim JE, Leota J, Mascaro L, Hoffman D, Facer-Childs ER. Sleep patterns before and after competition: A real-world examination of elite athletes. J Sports Sci 2023; 41:2014-2026. [PMID: 38314742 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2024.2308960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Good sleep before and after competitions is crucial to cognitive, physiological performance and recovery. Yet, elite athletes face a unique set of challenges when acquiring good sleep before and after competitions, and indeed commonly report sleep problems when it matters most. This study examined the sleep of elite athletes before and after competition compared to before and after free days. A total of 1808 unique nights of actigraphy (n = 1495) and sleep diary (n = 1335) data from elite Australian Football League and National Rugby League male athletes (N = 85, M-age = 24.4 ± 3.6) were collected and analysed using multi-level mixed models. On nights before competitions, athletes advanced sleep timings (p < .001, d = 0.63) and increased total sleep time (p < .001, d = 0.65) compared to nights before free days. On nights after competitions, athletes delayed sleep timings (p < .001, d = 1.64), reduced total sleep time (p < .001, d = 1.28), and had significantly worse quality sleep (p < .001, d = 0.71) compared to nights after free days. Sleep was especially worse following night competitions. While elite athletes and organisations may be implementing effective sleep strategies to optimise sleep the night before competitions, strategies to improve sleep after competitions may be lacking. We discuss potential factors contributing to this asymmetry and propose areas for research moving forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian En Sim
- School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Josh Leota
- School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Luis Mascaro
- School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Daniel Hoffman
- School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Elise R Facer-Childs
- School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- High Performance Department, St Kilda Football Club, Australian Football League, Melbourne, Australia
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Klaus-Karwisch S, Merkle A, Werner S, Ruf L, Woll A, Härtel S, Altmann S. Sprint and jump performances of female athletes are enhanced in the evening but not associated with individual chronotype. Chronobiol Int 2023; 40:1427-1434. [PMID: 37828767 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2023.2267659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Sprint and jump performances represent performance-determining parameters in individual and team sports. Fluctuations in performance depending on the daytime raise the question of the best time to train and compete. Given the scarce research on females, this study aimed to analyze the influence of daytime on sprint and jump performances and to investigate whether the performance difference is related to the chronotype. Thus, 23 female sports students completed a questionnaire to assess their chronotype followed by performing two 30 m sprints, 5 Repeated Jump Tests (5RJT), and countermovement jumps (CMJ) in the morning (7:00-9:00 h) and evening (17:00-19:00 h). Time after 5 m, 10 m, and 30 m during the sprints, reactive strength index (RSI) during the 5RJTs, and jump height during the CMJs were examined. The performance during the 30 m sprint (t(22) = 5.28, p < 0.01 moderate effect size: 0.50) and the two jump tests (5RJT: t(22) = 8.27, p < 0.01 large effect size: 0.95; CMJ: t(22) = 5.46, p < 0.01 moderate effect size: 0.79) were significantly better in the evening than in the morning. There was no significant correlation between chronotype and the time-of-day effect. The results should be considered when planning training and competition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svenja Klaus-Karwisch
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Alina Merkle
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Selina Werner
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Ludwig Ruf
- TSG 1899 Hoffenheim, Zuzenhausen, Germany
- TSG ResearchLab gGmbH, Zuzenhausen, Germany
| | - Alexander Woll
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | | | - Stefan Altmann
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
- TSG ResearchLab gGmbH, Zuzenhausen, Germany
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18
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Tseng H, Damian MF. Exploring synchrony effects in performance on tasks involving cognitive inhibition: An online study of young adults. Chronobiol Int 2023; 40:1209-1223. [PMID: 37700626 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2023.2256843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Inhibition is one of the core components of cognitive control. In experimental tasks which measure cognitive inhibition, performance may vary according to an interplay of individuals' chronotype and the time of day of testing ("synchrony effect", or the beneficial impact on cognitive performance of aligning testing with the time of day preferred by an individual's chronotype). Some prior studies have reported a synchrony effect specifically emerging in activities which require cognitive inhibition, but not in general processing speed, but existing findings are inconsistent. If genuine, synchrony effects should be taken into account when comparing groups of participants. Here we explored whether synchrony effects emerge in a sample of young adults. In a multi-part online study, we captured various components of inhibition (response suppression; inhibitory control; switching) plus a general measure of processing speed across various times of the day. Individuals' chronotype was included as a predictor of performance. Critically, we found no evidence of a synchrony effect (an association between chronotype and component of interest where the directionality is dependent on time of testing) in our study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayley Tseng
- School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Markus F Damian
- School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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Ouergui I, Delleli S, Chtourou H, Selmi O, Bouassida A, Bouhlel E, Franchini E. Diurnal Variation of Specific Tests' Performance and Related Psychological Aspects in Young Judo Athletes. RESEARCH QUARTERLY FOR EXERCISE AND SPORT 2023; 94:687-697. [PMID: 35499504 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2022.2043547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: This study investigated the effects of time-of-day on judo athletes' performances and the associated psychological variables and perceived exertion following judo-specific tests. Methods: Twelve male judo athletes (age: 16 ± 1 years) performed in a randomized and counterbalanced order the special judo fitness test (SJFT), the judo physical fitness test (JPFT), the dynamic and isometric judogi chin-up tests in the morning (8:00 a.m), midday (12:00 p.m), and afternoon (5:00 p.m). Oral temperature and psychological variables [profile of mood state (POMS), Hooper questionnaire, total quality of recovery (TQR)] were assessed before and after the tests, and ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) and the physical activity enjoyment scale (PACES) were assessed only after the tests. Results: RPE score was higher in the morning compared to the afternoon after the JPFT (d = 0.38, p = .045). PACES after JPFT was higher in the morning compared to midday (d = 0.85, p < .001). The isometric and dynamic performances during chin-up tests were higher in the afternoon compared to the morning (d = 0.38, p = .048 and 0.047, respectively). Also, oral temperature was higher in the afternoon compared to the morning (d = 0.41, p = .050) and the midday (p = .047) for dynamic test, while TQR, well-being indices, and POMS did not differ according to time-of-day (p > .05). Conclusions: These results suggest that dynamic and isometric judo chin-up tests are time-of-day dependent with higher performance recorded in the afternoon than in the morning. However, performances in the JPFT and SJFT were not time-of-day dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hamdi Chtourou
- Université de Sfax
- Observatoire National du Sport, Tunisie
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Bem-Haja P, Silva A, Rosa C, Queiroz DF, Barroso T, Cerri L, Alves MF, Silva CF, Santos IM. Chronotype and Time of Day Effects on a Famous Face Recognition Task with Dynamic Stimuli. Int J Psychol Res (Medellin) 2023; 16:51-61. [PMID: 38106959 PMCID: PMC10723745 DOI: 10.21500/20112084.6583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronotype and Time of Day (ToD) can modulate several aspects of cognitive performance. However, there is limited evidence about the effect of these variables on face recognition performance, so the aim of the present study is to investigate this influence. For this, 274 participants (82.5% females; age 18-49 years old, mean = 27.2, SD = 1.82) were shown 20 short videoclips, each gradually morphing from a general identity unfamiliar face to a famous face. Participants should press the spacebar to stop each video as soon as they could identify the famous face, and then provide the name or an unequivocal description of the person. Analysis of response times (RT) showed that evening-types recognised the faces faster than morning-types. Considering different ToD windows, the effect of chronotype was only significant in the 13h-17h and in the 21h-6h time-windows. Altogether, results suggest an advantage of evening-types on famous face recognition using dynamic stimuli with morning-types, being particularly slower during their non-optimal period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Bem-Haja
- CINTESIS@RISE, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.Universidade de AveiroUniversity of AveiroAveiroPortugal
| | - André Silva
- University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.Universidade de AveiroUniversity of AveiroAveiroPortugal
| | - Catarina Rosa
- CINTESIS@RISE, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.Universidade de AveiroUniversity of AveiroAveiroPortugal
| | - Diâner F. Queiroz
- University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.Universidade de AveiroUniversity of AveiroAveiroPortugal
| | - Talles Barroso
- University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.Universidade de AveiroUniversity of AveiroAveiroPortugal
| | - Luíza Cerri
- University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.Universidade de AveiroUniversity of AveiroAveiroPortugal
| | - Miguel F. Alves
- University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.Universidade de AveiroUniversity of AveiroAveiroPortugal
| | - Carlos F. Silva
- William James Center for Research, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.Universidade de AveiroUniversity of AveiroAveiroPortugal
| | - Isabel M. Santos
- William James Center for Research, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.Universidade de AveiroUniversity of AveiroAveiroPortugal
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21
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D’Angiulli A, Byczynski G, Yeh WH, Garrett G, Goldfield G, Devenyi P, Devenyi T, Leisman G. Cognitive control, bedtime patterns, and testing time in female adolescent students: behavioral and neuro-electrophysiological correlates. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1022731. [PMID: 37404269 PMCID: PMC10315662 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1022731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Shorter and/or disrupted sleep during adolescence is associated with cognitive and mental health risks, particularly in females. We explored the relationship between bedtime behavior patterns co-varying with Social Jet Lag (SJL) and School Start Times (SST) and neurocognitive performance in adolescent female students. Methods To investigate whether time of day (morning vs. afternoon), early SSTs and days of the school week can be correlated with neurocognitive correlates of sleep insufficiency, we recruited 24 female students aged 16-18 to report sleep logs, and undergo event-related electroencephalographic recordings on Monday, Wednesday, mornings, and afternoons. Using a Stroop task paradigm, we analyzed correlations between reaction times (RTs), accuracy, time of day, day of week, electroencephalographic data, and sleep log data to understand what relationships may exist. Results Participants reported a 2-h sleep phase delay and SJL. Stroop interference influenced accuracy on Monday and Wednesday similarly, with better performance in the afternoon. For RTs, the afternoon advantage was much larger on Monday than Wednesday. Midline Event-Related Potentials (ERPs) yielded higher amplitudes and shorter latencies on Wednesday morning and Monday afternoon, in time windows related to attention or response execution. A notable exception were delayed ERP latencies on Wednesday afternoon. The latter could be explained by the fact that delta EEG waves tended to be the most prominent, suggesting heightened error monitoring due to accumulating mental fatigue. Discussion These findings provide insights into the interaction between SJL and SST and suggest evidence-based criteria for planning when female adolescents should engage in cognitive-heavy school activities such as tests or exams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amedeo D’Angiulli
- Neuroscience of Imagination, Cognition and Emotion Research Lab, Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Gabriel Byczynski
- School of Psychology, Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Wei-Hsien Yeh
- Centre for Study and Treatment of Circadian Rhythms, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - George Garrett
- Ministry of Children and Family Development, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Gary Goldfield
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Peter Devenyi
- Neuroscience of Imagination, Cognition and Emotion Research Lab, Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Tibor Devenyi
- Neuroscience of Imagination, Cognition and Emotion Research Lab, Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Gerry Leisman
- Movement and Cognition Laboratory, Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Science, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, Israel
- Department of Neurology, Institute for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University of the Medical Science, Havana, Cuba
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22
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Hatchi V, Guillot A, Robin N. Revisiting Motor Imagery Guidelines in a Tropical Climate: The Time-of-Day Effect. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:ijerph20105855. [PMID: 37239581 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20105855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: Motor imagery (MI) is relevantly used to improve motor performance and promote rehabilitation. As MI ability and vividness can be affected by circadian modulation, it has been proposed that MI should ideally be performed between 2 p.m. and 8 p.m. Whether such a recommendation remains effective in a hot and humid environment, such as a tropical climate, remains unknown. (2) Methods: A total of 35 acclimatized participants completed a MI questionnaire and a mental chronometry test at 7 a.m., 11 a.m., 2 p.m., and 6 p.m. Visual (VI) and kinesthetic imagery (KI) abilities, as well as temporal congruence between actual walking and MI, were collected. Ambient temperature, chronotypes, thermal comfort, affect, and fatigue were also measured. (3) Results: VI scores were higher at 6 p.m. than at 7 a.m., 11 a.m., and 2 p.m., and temporal congruence was higher at 6 p.m. than at 7 a.m. Comfort, thermal sensation, and positive affect scores were higher at 7 a.m. and 6 p.m. (4) Conclusion: Data support greater imagery ability and accuracy when participants perceive the environment as more pleasant and comfortable. MI guidelines typically provided in neutral climates should therefore be adapted to tropical climates, with MI training sessions ideally scheduled in the late afternoon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Hatchi
- Laboratory "Adaptation au Climat Tropical, Exercice & Santé" (UPRES EA 3596), Faculté des Sciences du Sport de Pointe-à-Pitre, Campus Fouillole, Université des Antilles, BP 592, CEDEX, 97159 Pointe-à-Pitre, France
| | - Aymeric Guillot
- Inter-University Laboratory of Human Movement Biology-EA 7424, University of Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Nicolas Robin
- Laboratory "Adaptation au Climat Tropical, Exercice & Santé" (UPRES EA 3596), Faculté des Sciences du Sport de Pointe-à-Pitre, Campus Fouillole, Université des Antilles, BP 592, CEDEX, 97159 Pointe-à-Pitre, France
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23
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Ciorciari A, Mulè A, Castelli L, Galasso L, Esposito F, Roveda E, Montaruli A. Sleep and chronotype influence aerobic performance in young soccer players. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1190956. [PMID: 37250130 PMCID: PMC10213785 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1190956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
People can be classified into three chronotypes (CT): morning-type (M-type), Neither-type (N-type) and Evening-type (E-type). M-types perform better in the morning, E-types in the evening. It seems that bad sleep worsens physical performance. The impact of sleep and CT on specific sports and populations is unclear. Therefore, we wanted to assess agility, strength and endurance in young soccer players in relation to their sleep and chronotype. 58 players (13-19 years) were recruited. Sleep and CT were assessed by questionnaires. The physical trial was performed at 8:30 a.m. and 6:00 p.m., and included three tests to determine agility, strength and endurance. The sample was classified by CT as M-types (n = 11), N-types (n = 29) and E-types (n = 18). Furthermore, they were categorized as people with Good Sleep/Wake quality (GSW, n = 28) and people with Bad Sleep/Wake quality (BSW, n = 30). Comparing the three CTs in the aerobic test, M-types performed better in the morning (p = 0.01), while E-types in the evening (p < 0.001). GSW performed better than BSW (p = 0.019) in the aerobic test in the p.m. session. These results underline the difference in aerobic power between M-and E-types during the morning and evening session; moreover, they show a difference in p.m. aerobic performance according to sleep quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Ciorciari
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonino Mulè
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Lucia Castelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Letizia Galasso
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Esposito
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- I.R.C.C.S. Ospedale Galeazzi—Sant’Ambrogio, Milan, Italy
| | - Eliana Roveda
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- I.R.C.C.S. Ospedale Galeazzi—Sant’Ambrogio, Milan, Italy
| | - Angela Montaruli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- I.R.C.C.S. Ospedale Galeazzi—Sant’Ambrogio, Milan, Italy
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24
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Costa M, Re M. Chronotype and quality of sleep in alpine skiers. Chronobiol Int 2023:1-11. [PMID: 37080773 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2023.2203236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Alpine skiing is among the most demanding sporting activities in terms of physical effort and mental workload. The aim of the study was to compare sleep quality and chronotype distribution between 84 highly trained alpine skiers and a control sample of 84 non-athletes matched by age and sex ratio. Quality of sleep was assessed by the Pittsburgh Quality of Sleep Index (PSQI), and chronotype was assessed by the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ). Additional questions assessed sleep management during training or competitions. The results showed a marked skewed chronotype distribution towards morningness in alpine skiers (52.4% morning type, 42.8% intermediate, and 4.8% evening type) in comparison to the control group. The midpoint of sleep was significantly anticipated among alpine skiers. Differently from the previous literature that showed poor sleep quality and quantity in competitive athletes, the quality and quantity of sleep in alpine skiers was within the normal range in all the PSQI subcomponents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Costa
- Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Matteo Re
- Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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25
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Hicks H, Meyer K, Watts A. Differential effects of chronotype on physical activity and cognitive performance in older adults. FRONTIERS IN EPIDEMIOLOGY 2023; 3:1029221. [PMID: 38455930 PMCID: PMC10910946 DOI: 10.3389/fepid.2023.1029221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Chronotypes reflect individuals' preferred activity and sleep patterns (e.g., "morning-types" vs. "evening-types") and are associated with health and physical activity. Less is known about the relationship between chronotype and cognitive health in older adults. It is unclear whether chronotype's influence is driven by sleep timing or disruption. This study explored the relationship between chronotype, physical activity, and cognitive performance in older adults with and without self-reported sleep disorders. Methods Participants were 153 older adults (M = 70.35, SD = 5.89) who wore an Actigraph on the non-dominant wrist for seven days to measure total physical activity, peak physical activity, and chronotype (sleep interval midpoint). We categorized participants as morning-, evening-, and intermediate-chronotypes and assessed cognitive performance in domains of attention, executive function, and verbal memory. Results MANCOVAs showed patterns of activity across the 24-hour day differed between chronotypes such that morning-types were active earlier and evening-types active later, ps > .001. Total physical activity and average peak activity did not differ between chronotypes, (ps ≥ .117). Timing of peak activity followed expectations (morning-types peaked earliest (p = .019). Evening-types exhibited significantly worse executive function and attention than intermediate-types, p = .008. When excluding participants with sleep disorders, evening-types engaged in significantly less total physical activity than other groups, but cognitive performance did not differ. Discussion We found no differences in total or peak physical activity between groups, which is inconsistent with findings from studies in younger samples. This suggests the role of chronotype on physical activity may change with age and points to the potential impact of methodological discrepancies. While evening-types exhibited worse executive function and attention performance, this finding disappeared when participants with sleep disorders were excluded. Sleep dysregulation rather than sleep timing may be driving this difference. Recent trends in physical activity research explore activity patterns across the 24-hour day and acknowledge codependence between different activity types. Our findings suggest chronotype and activity timing may be important as researchers advance this line of research in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilary Hicks
- Department of Psychology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
| | - Kayla Meyer
- Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Fairway, KS, United States
| | - Amber Watts
- Department of Psychology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
- Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Fairway, KS, United States
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26
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Lecca R, Figorilli M, Casaglia E, Cucca C, Meloni F, Loscerbo R, De Matteis S, Cocco P, Puligheddu M. Gender and Nightshift Work: A Cross Sectional Study on Sleep Quality and Daytime Somnolence. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13040607. [PMID: 37190572 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13040607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
A few studies suggested that female nightshift workers suffer more frequently from sleep deprivation and insomnia. We conducted a cross-sectional survey in two different occupational settings to address gender-related differences in nightshift work adaptation. We used the Epworth Sleepiness Scale and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index questionnaires to quantify daytime sleepiness and sleep quality among 156 workers, 91 from a ceramic tile factory and 65 healthcare workers, including hospital doctors, nurses, and nurse assistants. Seventy-three percent of participants (40 women and 74 men) were engaged in nightshift work. We used logistic regression analysis to predict daytime sleepiness and poor sleep quality as a function of personal and lifestyle variables and nightshift work. The female gender showed a strong association with both daytime sleepiness and poor sleep quality. Results were also suggestive of an increase in the risk of daytime sleepiness associated with nightshift work and being married. Our results confirm that women are especially vulnerable to sleep disruption. Promoting adaptation to nightshift work requires special attention towards gender issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosamaria Lecca
- Interdepartmental Sleep Research Centre, University of Cagliari, 09042 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Michela Figorilli
- Interdepartmental Sleep Research Centre, University of Cagliari, 09042 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Elisa Casaglia
- Interdepartmental Sleep Research Centre, University of Cagliari, 09042 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Carla Cucca
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09042 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Federico Meloni
- Interdepartmental Sleep Research Centre, University of Cagliari, 09042 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Roberto Loscerbo
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09042 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Sara De Matteis
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09042 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Cocco
- Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health, Division of Population Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Monica Puligheddu
- Interdepartmental Sleep Research Centre, University of Cagliari, 09042 Cagliari, Italy
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Bond IG, Machida K, Johnson KA. Daily arousal variation has little effect on sustained attention performance. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2023:1-14. [PMID: 37359667 PMCID: PMC10022567 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-023-04473-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2023]
Abstract
Sustaining attention is an important cognitive process for everyday functioning and arousal is thought to underpin its performance. Primate studies depict an inverted-u relation between sustained attention and arousal, in which sustained attention performance is most affected at the extreme levels of arousal and peak performance aligns with moderate arousal. Human research findings are, however, inconsistent. This study aimed to investigate the effects of arousal on sustained attention performance in humans using two approaches-a small-N study with an inbuilt replication to test within-participant variation, and a larger sample assessing between-participant variation. The Sustained Attention to Response Task (SART) was used to measure sustained attention performance and the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS) was used to measure arousal. In the small-N study five participants completed the SART and KSS once an hour between 7 a.m. and 7 p.m., repeated two weeks later. Significant, curvilinear variation in KSS across time-of-day was found. A linear association between SART response time variability (sigma) and KSS was noted, however no other consistent associations between the SART and KSS were found. In the large-N study, 161 participants completed the SART and KSS once, at a time of day of their choosing. There were no significant relations between SART measures and the KSS, indicating that subjective sleepiness was not related to sustained attention performance. Overall, the hypothesized inverted-u relation between arousal and sustained attention performance was not found. The results suggested that diurnal arousal variation does not modify sustained attention performance in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isobel G. Bond
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010 Australia
| | - Keitaro Machida
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010 Australia
| | - Katherine A. Johnson
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010 Australia
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28
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da Costa Lopes L, Rollemberg Poyares DL, Tufik S, La Banca de Oliveira S, Ribeiro da Silva Vallim J, Kiyomi Ota V, Melaragno MI, Ohayon M, Berlim de Mello C. The effect of brain-derived neurotrophic factor Val66Met polymorphism on adolescent activity and rest rhythms, circadian preferences and attentional performance. Sleep Med 2023; 104:64-72. [PMID: 36898188 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2023.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Variations in circadian regulating mechanisms generate different individual preferences in respect of sleep and activity timing, which are known as chronotypes. In this sense, specifically during adolescence, there is a greater tendency for an eveningness chronotype. One factor that has been shown to have an impact on circadian rhythm patterns, as well as on some aspects of cognitive function, is the relatively common Val66Met (rs6265) polymorphism in the human brain-derived neurotrophic factor gene. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism on the performance of adolescents in attentional tests, circadian preferences and activity-rest rhythm. METHODS 85 healthy high school students completed the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire to assess their circadian preferences; were evaluated using the Psychological Battery for Attention Assessment; and were categorized as carriers and non-carriers of the rs6265 polymorphism using the TaqMan rt-PCR technique. A subsample of 42 students had their activity/rest rhythm recorded by actigraphy for nine days from which sleep parameters were estimated. RESULTS Circadian preference did not affect attentional performance (p > 0.1), but the time that the students attended school had an impact on all types of attention with morning shift students scoring higher, regardless of chronotype (p < 0.05). The presence of the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism was associated only with alternate attention performance (p < 0.05). Regarding actigraphy evaluation, the carriers of the polymorphism demonstrated significantly higher total time in bed, total sleep time, social jetlag, and earlier sleep onset. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate some degree of adaptation in the students' attentional performance, according to their school schedules. The presence of BDNF polymorphism demonstrated a counterintuitive impact on attentional performance, comparing to previous findings. The findings reinforce the effect of genetic traits on sleep-wake rhythm parameters, when objectively evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luísa da Costa Lopes
- Department of Psychobiology, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Federal University of São Paulo, Rua Botucatu, 862, Edifício Ciências Biomédicas, 1° Andar Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, 04724-000, Brazil
| | - Dalva Lucia Rollemberg Poyares
- Department of Psychobiology, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Federal University of São Paulo, Rua Botucatu, 862, Edifício Ciências Biomédicas, 1° Andar Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, 04724-000, Brazil
| | - Sergio Tufik
- Department of Psychobiology, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Federal University of São Paulo, Rua Botucatu, 862, Edifício Ciências Biomédicas, 1° Andar Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, 04724-000, Brazil
| | - Sophia La Banca de Oliveira
- Department of Psychobiology, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Federal University of São Paulo, Rua Botucatu, 862, Edifício Ciências Biomédicas, 1° Andar Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, 04724-000, Brazil
| | - Julia Ribeiro da Silva Vallim
- Department of Psychobiology, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Federal University of São Paulo, Rua Botucatu, 862, Edifício Ciências Biomédicas, 1° Andar Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, 04724-000, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Kiyomi Ota
- Department of Morphology and Genetics, Genetics Division, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Federal University of São Paulo, Rua Botucatu, 740, Edifício Leitão da Cunha, 1 andar, São Paulo, SP, 04023-900, Brazil
| | - Maria Isabel Melaragno
- Department of Morphology and Genetics, Genetics Division, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Federal University of São Paulo, Rua Botucatu, 740, Edifício Leitão da Cunha, 1 andar, São Paulo, SP, 04023-900, Brazil
| | - Maurice Ohayon
- Stanford Sleep Epidemiology Research Center, School of Medicine, Stanford University - Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Claudia Berlim de Mello
- Department of Psychobiology, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Federal University of São Paulo, Rua Botucatu, 862, Edifício Ciências Biomédicas, 1° Andar Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, 04724-000, Brazil.
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Lahiani M, Ben Waer F, Bouchaala F, Laatar R, Rebai H, Sahli S. Time-of-Day Effect on Postural Balance and Its Associations with Menopausal Symptoms in Postmenopausal Women. Percept Mot Skills 2023; 130:5-26. [PMID: 36240107 DOI: 10.1177/00315125221133599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Postmenopausal women suffer from postural balance issues. During a 24-hour time span, postural performance undergoes radical changes as influenced by the circadian rhythm. In this study, we aimed to investigate time-of-day effects on postural balance in postmenopausal women and balance relationships with menopausal symptoms. Two groups of women, aged 40-50 years, participated in this study: a menopausal group and a control group. We evaluated their postural balance and menopausal symptoms (mood, sleepiness and fatigue) in five sessions over the course of a day: at 06:00 hours, at 10:00, at 14:00, at 18:00 and at 22:00. The results showed that postural balance (center of pressure area (CoParea)) values of postmenopausal women were significantly worse (p < .05) at 22:00. Moreover, at this time-of-day, participants in the menopausal group were more tired, less vigilant and experienced a lower mood. We found negative correlations between postural balance and both mood and fatigue levels. However, there was no time-of-day effect on postural balance, mood, fatigue, and sleepiness among participants in the control group. Thus, time-of-day should be considered a factor to control when assessing postural balance and designing intervention studies for postmenopausal women; and it is important for these women to be cautious of fall risks at night, as they are then less stable than at other times-of-day.
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Malek EM, Navalta JW, McGinnis GR. Time of Day and Chronotype-Dependent Synchrony Effects Exercise-Induced Reduction in Migraine Load: A Pilot Cross-Over Randomized Trial. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:ijerph20032083. [PMID: 36767448 PMCID: PMC9915413 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20032083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Migraines are the most common cause of chronic pain. Effective, non-pharmacological strategies to reduce migraine load, like exercise, are needed, but it is unclear how exercise timing and chronotype modulate the effects. We sought to determine the effects of time-of-day of exercise, and synchrony with one's chronotype, on migraine load. We performed a pilot cross-over randomized trial where participants with chronic migraine completed two one-month exercise interventions, consisting of either morning exercise (before 09:00 a.m.) or evening exercise (after 7:00 p.m.) in a randomized repeated measures cross-over design (Clinical Trial #NCT04553445). Synchrony was determined by exercise time and chronotype (i.e., a morning type participant exercising in the morning is 'in-sync,' while an evening type participant exercising in the morning is 'out-of-sync'). Migraine burden, and anthropometric assessment occurred before and after each month of exercise. Data was analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA with significance accepted at p < 0.05. When comparing morning and evening exercise, there was no significant improvements in any migraine-related parameters. However, when comparing in-sync and out-of-sync exercise, we found that migraine burden was only improved following in-sync exercise, while no benefits were seen in out-of-sync exercise. Our data suggests that exercise timing has limited impact, but synchrony with chronotype may be essential to decrease migraine load in chronic migraineurs.
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Grafeneder J, Fuhrmann V, Tscherny K, Niederer M, Schreiber W, Herkner H, Roth D, Kienbacher CL. COVID-19: Masks do not influence neurocognitive performance during a shift at the emergency department. World J Emerg Med 2023; 14:317-321. [PMID: 37425077 PMCID: PMC10323511 DOI: 10.5847/wjem.j.1920-8642.2023.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Grafeneder
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Wien 1090, Austria
| | - Verena Fuhrmann
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Wien 1090, Austria
| | - Katharina Tscherny
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Wien 1090, Austria
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Scheibbs, Scheibbs 3270, Austria
| | - Maximilian Niederer
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Wien 1090, Austria
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Scheibbs, Scheibbs 3270, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Schreiber
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Wien 1090, Austria
| | - Harald Herkner
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Wien 1090, Austria
| | - Dominik Roth
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Wien 1090, Austria
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32
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McGinnis GR, Thompson ST, Aguilar CD, Dial MB, Tandy RD, Radzak KN. Chronotype and Social Jetlag Influence Performance and Injury during Reserve Officers' Training Corps Physical Training. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:13644. [PMID: 36294224 PMCID: PMC9603637 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Sleep and circadian rhythms are critically important for optimal physical performance and maintaining health during training. Chronotype and altered sleep may modulate the response to exercise training, especially when performed at specific times/days, which may contribute to musculoskeletal injury. The purpose of this study was to determine if cadet characteristics (chronotype, sleep duration, and social jetlag) were associated with injury incidence and inflammation during physical training. Reserve Officers' Training Corps (ROTC) cadets (n = 42) completed the Morningness/Eveningness Questionnaire to determine chronotype, and 1-week sleep logs to determine sleep duration and social jetlag. Salivary IL-6 was measured before and after the first and fourth exercise sessions during training. Prospective injury incidence was monitored over 14 weeks of training, and Army Physical Fitness Test scores were recorded at the conclusion. Chronotype, sleep duration, and social jetlag were assessed as independent factors impacting IL-6, injury incidence, and APFT scores using ANOVAs, chi-squared tests, and the t-test where appropriate, with significance accepted at p < 0.05. Evening chronotypes performed worse on the APFT (evening = 103.8 ± 59.8 vs. intermediate = 221.9 ± 40.3 vs. morning = 216.6 ± 43.6; p < 0.05), with no difference in injury incidence. Sleep duration did not significantly impact APFT score or injury incidence. Social jetlag was significantly higher in injured vs. uninjured cadets (2:40 ± 1:03 vs. 1:32 ± 55, p < 0.05). Exercise increased salivary IL-6, with no significant effects of chronotype, sleep duration, or social jetlag. Evening chronotypes and cadets with social jetlag display hampered performance during morning APFT. Social jetlag may be a behavioral biomarker for musculoskeletal injury risk, which requires further investigation.
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Cook JD, Charest J, Walch O, Bender AM. Associations of circadian change, travel distance, and their interaction with basketball performance: a retrospective analysis of 2014-2018 National Basketball Association data. Chronobiol Int 2022; 39:1399-1410. [PMID: 35980109 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2022.2113093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
This investigation aimed to clarify the influence of circadian change and travel distance on National Basketball Association (NBA) team performance using a dataset from the 2014-2018 seasons. Data from 9,840 games were acquired from an open-access source. Game point differential and team free-throw percentage served as outcome variables. Time zone change (TZΔ) captured raw circadian delay/advance based on travel for a game and adjusted TZΔ (AdjTZΔ) evolved TZΔ by allowing acclimation to a novel TZ. We also further categorized AdjTZΔ into AdjTZΔ_A, which assumed travel the day before each game and AdjTZΔ_B, which assumed teams spent as many days in their home city as possible. Travel distance for each game was calculated. Linear mixed-effects modeling estimated associations, with games nested within team and year. Adjusted associations accounted for differences in team ability, whether the game was home or away, and whether the game occurred on the second half of a back-to-back game sequence. Greater circadian misalignment, regardless of delay or advance, and increasing travel distance negatively influenced NBA game performance. Yet, results suggest that performance outcomes may be more influenced by travel distance than circadian misalignment. Moreover, circadian misalignment and travel distance interacted to significantly influence game point differential. Furthermore, differences in results across analyses were observed between AdjTZΔ_A and AdjTZΔ_B, which suggests that subtle differences in constructed travel schedules can have notable impact on NBA performance outcomes. Lastly, playing on the second half of a back-to-back sequence emerged as a robust predictor of performance disadvantage, which corroborates the existing literature and provides further support for NBA schedule changes purposed to enhance competitive equity by reducing the number of back-to-back games across a season. These findings can help guide NBA teams on key strategies for reducing travel-related disadvantages and inform schedule makers on critical factors to prioritize across future schedules to attenuate competitive inequity from travel. Furthermore, they can help direct teams towards scenarios that are best to target for load management purposes due to the cumulative disadvantage arising from travel-related factors, opponent quality, game location, and game sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse D Cook
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Jonathan Charest
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- École de Psychologie, Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada
- Centre for Sleep & Human Performance, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Olivia Walch
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Arcascope, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Amy M Bender
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Cerebra, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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Maeneja R, Ferreira IS, Silva CR, Abreu AM. Cognitive Benefits of Exercise: Is There a Time-of-Day Effect? Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10091766. [PMID: 36141378 PMCID: PMC9498776 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10091766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well established that physical activity benefits cognition. Further, the time of day one engages in physical activity has been suggested to influence cognition. Here, we aimed to understand if there is a time-of-day effect (morning or afternoon) of physical activity on cognition, i.e., if exercising in the morning or afternoon might bring greater cognitive benefits. A total of 56 participants were allocated to one of two groups with the same baseline cognitive performance as well as fitness level (International Physical Activity Questionnaire—IPAQ): 27 to the morning intervention (M) group; and 29 to the afternoon intervention (A) group. In both groups, the participants engaged in an intermittent recovery test (Yo-yo), 4 times a week for 12 weeks. All participants were assessed with the d2 Test of Attention and the Borg scale of perceived exertion pre- and post- acute and chronic intervention. After the first bout of exercise and after 12 weeks, we observed cognitive improvements both in the M and A groups. Surprisingly, we do not find differences between the time of day regarding cognitive benefits. Our results do not support the existence of a time-of-day effect for the attentional cognitive benefits of exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reinaldo Maeneja
- Institute of Health Sciences, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Palma de Cima, 1649-023 Lisbon, Portugal
- Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde e Desporto, Universidade Save, Maxixe 1301, Mozambique
| | - Inês S. Ferreira
- Faculty of Social Sciences and Technology, Universidade Europeia, 1500-210 Lisbon, Portugal
- Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive and Behavioral Intervention (CINEICC), Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação (FPCE), Universidade de Coimbra, 3000-115 Coimbra, Portugal
- Psychological Assessment and Psychometrics Laboratory (PsyAssessmentLab), Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação (FPCE), Universidade de Coimbra, 3000-115 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Cláudia R. Silva
- Institute of Health Sciences, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Palma de Cima, 1649-023 Lisbon, Portugal
- Escola Superior de Saúde de Alcoitão, 2649-506 Alcoitão, Portugal
| | - Ana Maria Abreu
- Institute of Health Sciences, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Palma de Cima, 1649-023 Lisbon, Portugal
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Health, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
- Correspondence:
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Kwon B, Lee G. Association between chronotype, tobacco use or alcohol use, and high-risk drinking by age group: The Seventh Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (VII: 2016-2017). Sleep Health 2022; 8:491-497. [PMID: 35927179 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleh.2022.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To analyze the association between chronotype, tobacco use or alcohol use, and high-risk drinking by age group and examine the differences across groups. METHODS A cross-sectional descriptive study design was adopted. Data from 12,189 participants aged ≥ 12 years from 2016 to 2017, excluding shift workers, were gathered from the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency's Seventh Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. A general linear model was used to determine the aforementioned associations and differences across age groups. Chronotype was measured using the Munich Chronotype Questionnaire. It was divided into quintiles. We used current tobacco use, monthly alcohol use, and high-risk drinking as indexes of tobacco use and alcohol use. These data were extracted from the national representative data. RESULTS Among adolescents and adults, both tobacco use and alcohol use showed a linear increasing trend, although it was greatest among adolescents. In older adults, tobacco use showed a linear increasing trend with delayed chronotype. When the chronotypes of all age groups were aggregated, high-risk drinking was higher in both extreme types, Quintiles 1 and 5. CONCLUSIONS Tobacco use and alcohol use were mostly associated with delayed chronotype. Therefore, interventions to address delayed chronotype at all ages are needed. As the trend of increase in tobacco use and alcohol use in adolescents was higher than in other age groups, a special strategy is required aimed at this population. Moreover, both extreme chronotypes should be considered risk factors for high-risk drinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boram Kwon
- Department of Nursing Science, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung-si, South Korea
| | - Gyungjoo Lee
- College of Nursing, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.
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Root Kustritz MV, Bakke HJ, Rendahl A. Correlation of Chronotype (Lark versus Night Owl Status) with Mind-Set and Effect of Chronotype on Examination Performance in Veterinary School. JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICAL EDUCATION 2022; 49:500-502. [PMID: 34102094 DOI: 10.3138/jvme-2021-0033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Chronotype describes what time of day people are most productive, with the specific terminology of larks (productive early in the day) and night owls (productive late in the day). Society, including education, schedules work at times that generally favor larks. The goals of this study were to (a) define our student population regarding mind-set and chronotype, (b) examine the relationship between chronotype and mind-set score, and (c) examine the relationship between lark score and examination score with examinations offered at varying times of day. The null hypotheses were that there would be no relationships between these variables. If the hypotheses were not proven, this information would be used to educate students about personal management to optimize academic success and to help the college determine if scheduling or other variations in examination implementation could be altered to permit students to demonstrate best their knowledge and skills. There were 184 participants from the classes of 2020-2022. Overall, there were few definite night owls or larks, with 55% of participants categorized as neither. Overall, 78% of students had either a strong growth mind-set or a growth mind-set with some fixed ideas. No meaningful association between chronotype and mind-set score was observed. There was neither a significant main effect for chronotype nor a significant interaction with start time for examinations. Scheduling of examinations in the early morning did not negatively impact student performance based on chronotype in this study.
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Renziehausen JM, Fukuda DH. Effects of Interrupted Daily Routine Due to COVID-19 on Circadian Chronotype and Leisure Time Physical Activity. Sports (Basel) 2022; 10:sports10070109. [PMID: 35878120 PMCID: PMC9317661 DOI: 10.3390/sports10070109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian chronotype is dependent on many factors including age, physical activity participation, eating and sleeping patterns, and typical schedule. Recently, the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in schedule changes for most individuals. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine whether sport participation influences circadian chronotype and physical activity and whether COVID-19 restrictions have impacted chronotype scores. Briefly, 128 physically active males (n = 62) and females (n = 66) between 18 and 55 years old (24.7 ± 7.1) completed a survey consisting of demographics information, the Morningness−Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ), and the Godin Leisure Time Physical Activity Scale (LTPA). Participants were asked to answer relevant questions about their habits/preferences before and after COVID-19-related restrictions were implemented. MEQ scores categorized individuals into morning (MT), intermediate (IT), and evening (ET) chronotypes. Three-way (pre-COVID-19 chronotype x sport participation x time) repeated measures ANOVA was conducted to evaluate differences in MEQ and LTPA. A significant main effect of time was found for MEQ (p = 0.018) and LTPA (p = 0.002), indicating changes following COVID-19. A significant time x chronotype interaction was shown for MEQ (p < 0.001) with MT (p < 0.001), IT (p = 0.044), and ET (p = 0.044) individuals indicating chronotype-specific changes following COVID-19. LTPA was decreased and MEQ scores changed following COVID-19, with shifts toward IT scores.
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Leota J, Hoffman D, Czeisler MÉ, Mascaro L, Drummond SP, Anderson C, Rajaratnam SM, Facer-Childs ER. Eastward Jet Lag is Associated with Impaired Performance and Game Outcome in the National Basketball Association. Front Physiol 2022; 13:892681. [PMID: 35784873 PMCID: PMC9245584 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.892681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Elite athletes are often required to travel across time zones for national and international competitions, causing frequent jet lag. The aim of this study was to examine whether the direction of travel-related jet lag is associated with performance in the National Basketball Association (NBA), and if so, to explore potential mechanisms. Methods: Ten seasons comprising of 11,481 games of NBA data from the 2011/2012 to the 2020/2021 regular season were analyzed using multi-level mixed models with one fixed factor (three levels; jet lag direction: eastward vs westward vs no jet lag) and three random factors (team, opponent, game time). Predicted circadian resynchronization rate was accounted for, and home and away games were analysed separately. Mediation analyses were performed to examine potential mechanisms. Results: Among home teams, eastward (but not westward) jet lag was associated with reduced winning (Δ (i.e., change) = −6.03%, p = 0.051, marginal), points differential (Δ = −1.29 points, p = 0.015), rebound differential (Δ = −1.29 rebounds, p < 0.0001), and effective field goal percentage differential (Δ = −1.2%, p < 0.01). As the magnitude of eastward jet lag increased, home team points differential decreased (2 h Δ = −4.53 points, p < 0.05; 1 h Δ = −0.72 points, p = 0.07). No significant associations were found between jet lag and away team performance. Conclusion: Eastward jet lag was associated with impaired performance for home (but not away) teams. Sleep and circadian disruption associated with advancing phase following eastward travel may have significant adverse consequences on performance in the NBA, particularly when recovery time is limited. Sports organisations could consider chronobiology-informed scheduling and interventions to maximise recovery and performance of their athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josh Leota
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Daniel Hoffman
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- St Kilda Football Club, Australian Football League, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Mark É. Czeisler
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Institute for Breathing and Sleep, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Luis Mascaro
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sean P.A. Drummond
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Clare Anderson
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Shantha M.W. Rajaratnam
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Institute for Breathing and Sleep, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Elise R. Facer-Childs
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- St Kilda Football Club, Australian Football League, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Danny Frawley Centre for Health and Wellbeing, Moorabbin, VIC, Australia
- *Correspondence: Elise R. Facer-Childs,
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McCarter SJ, Hagen PT, St Louis EK, Rieck TM, Haider CR, Holmes DR, Morgenthaler TI. Physiological markers of sleep quality: A scoping review. Sleep Med Rev 2022; 64:101657. [PMID: 35753151 DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2022.101657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the associations between adequate sleep, performance and health outcomes is vital, yet a major limitation in the design and interpretation of studies of sleep and performance is the variability of subjective and objective markers used to assess sleep quality. The aim of this scoping review is to investigate how various physiological signals recorded during sleep or wakefulness relate to objective measures of cognitive or physical performance and subjectively perceived sleep quality to inform conceptual understanding of the elusive, amorphous, and multi-dimensional construct of sleep quality. We also aimed to suggest priorities for future areas of research in sleep quality and performance. We searched six databases ultimately yielding 439 studies after duplicate removal. Sixty-five studies were selected for full review. In general, correlations between objectively measured sleep and objective performance or subjectively assessed sleep quality were weak to moderate. Slow wave sleep was moderately correlated with better performance on tasks of vigilance, motor speed, and executive function as well as better subjective sleep quality and feeling well-rested, suggesting that slow wave sleep may be important for sleep quality and optimal daytime performance. However, these findings were inconsistent across studies. Increased sleep fragmentation was associated with poorer subjective sleep quality in both polysomnographic and actigraphic studies. Studies which simultaneously assessed physiologic sleep measures, performance measures and subjective sleep perception were few, limiting the ability to evaluate correlations between subjective and objective outcomes concurrently in the same individuals. Factors influencing the relationship between sleep quality and performance include circadian variability, sleep inertia, and mismatch between sleep stages studied and outcome measures of choice. Ultimately, the determination of "quality sleep" remains largely subjective and inconsistently quantifiable by current measures. Methods evaluating sleep as a continuous measure rather than traditional sleep stages may provide an intriguing approach to future studies of sleep and performance. Future well-designed studies using novel measures of sleep or multimodal ambulatory wearables assessing the three domains of sleep and performance (objective sleep physiology, objective performance, and subjective sleep quality) are needed to better define quality sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart J McCarter
- Center for Sleep Medicine, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA.
| | - Philip T Hagen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Erik K St Louis
- Center for Sleep Medicine, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Thomas M Rieck
- Mayo Clinic Healthy Living Program, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Clifton R Haider
- Section of Biostatistics, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - David R Holmes
- Section of Biostatistics, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Timothy I Morgenthaler
- Center for Sleep Medicine, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Pulmonology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA
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Yalçin M, Mundorf A, Thiel F, Amatriain-Fernández S, Kalthoff IS, Beucke JC, Budde H, Garthus-Niegel S, Peterburs J, Relógio A. It's About Time: The Circadian Network as Time-Keeper for Cognitive Functioning, Locomotor Activity and Mental Health. Front Physiol 2022; 13:873237. [PMID: 35547585 PMCID: PMC9081535 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.873237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A variety of organisms including mammals have evolved a 24h, self-sustained timekeeping machinery known as the circadian clock (biological clock), which enables to anticipate, respond, and adapt to environmental influences such as the daily light and dark cycles. Proper functioning of the clock plays a pivotal role in the temporal regulation of a wide range of cellular, physiological, and behavioural processes. The disruption of circadian rhythms was found to be associated with the onset and progression of several pathologies including sleep and mental disorders, cancer, and neurodegeneration. Thus, the role of the circadian clock in health and disease, and its clinical applications, have gained increasing attention, but the exact mechanisms underlying temporal regulation require further work and the integration of evidence from different research fields. In this review, we address the current knowledge regarding the functioning of molecular circuits as generators of circadian rhythms and the essential role of circadian synchrony in a healthy organism. In particular, we discuss the role of circadian regulation in the context of behaviour and cognitive functioning, delineating how the loss of this tight interplay is linked to pathological development with a focus on mental disorders and neurodegeneration. We further describe emerging new aspects on the link between the circadian clock and physical exercise-induced cognitive functioning, and its current usage as circadian activator with a positive impact in delaying the progression of certain pathologies including neurodegeneration and brain-related disorders. Finally, we discuss recent epidemiological evidence pointing to an important role of the circadian clock in mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Müge Yalçin
- Institute for Theoretical Biology (ITB), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Molecular Cancer Research Center (MKFZ), Medical Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Tumour Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Annakarina Mundorf
- Institute for Systems Medicine and Faculty of Human Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Freya Thiel
- Institute for Systems Medicine and Faculty of Human Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.,Institute and Policlinic of Occupational and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sandra Amatriain-Fernández
- Institute for Systems Medicine and Faculty of Human Sciences, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ida Schulze Kalthoff
- Institute for Systems Medicine and Faculty of Human Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jan-Carl Beucke
- Institute for Systems Medicine and Faculty of Human Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Henning Budde
- Institute for Systems Medicine and Faculty of Human Sciences, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Susan Garthus-Niegel
- Institute for Systems Medicine and Faculty of Human Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.,Institute and Policlinic of Occupational and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Department of Child Health and Development, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jutta Peterburs
- Institute for Systems Medicine and Faculty of Human Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Angela Relógio
- Institute for Theoretical Biology (ITB), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Molecular Cancer Research Center (MKFZ), Medical Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Tumour Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Institute for Systems Medicine and Faculty of Human Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
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Nishida M, Chiba T, Murata Y, Shioda K. Effects of Sleep Restriction on Self-Reported Putting Performance in Golf. Percept Mot Skills 2022; 129:833-850. [PMID: 35414325 DOI: 10.1177/00315125221087027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we aimed to explore the effects of sleep restriction (SR) on self-reported golf putting skills. Eleven collegiate golfers participated in a self-reported, counterbalanced experimental study under two conditions: (a) a SR condition in which sleep on the night prior to putting was restricted to 4-5 hours, and (b) a habitual normal sleep (NS) condition on the night before the putting test. Following each sleep condition, participants engaged in ten consecutive putting tests at 7 am, 11 am, and 3 pm. Participants reported their subjective sleepiness before each time frame, and their chronotype, defined as their individual circadian preference, was scored based on a morningness-eveningness questionnaire (MEQ). Participants restricted sleep to an average period of 267.6 minutes/night (SD = 51.2) in the SR condition and 426.2 (SD =38.0) minutes/night in the NS condition. A two-way analysis of variance revealed a significant main effect of the sleep condition on the lateral displacement of putts from the target (lateral misalignment) (p = 0.002). In addition, there was a significant main effect of time on distance from the target (distance misalignment) (p = 0.017), indicating less accuracy of putting in the SR condition. In the SR condition, the MEQ score was positively correlated with distance misalignment at 3 pm (ρ = 0.650, p = 0.030), suggesting that morningness types are susceptible to the effects of SR on putting performance. Our findings suggest that golfers should obtain sufficient sleep to optimize putting performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Nishida
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, 13148Waseda University, Saitama, Japan.,Sleep Research Institute,13148Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taishi Chiba
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, 13148Waseda University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yusuke Murata
- Sleep Research Institute,13148Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kohei Shioda
- Sleep Research Institute,13148Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan.,Faculty of Human Sciences, 91995Kanazawa Seiryo University, Ishikawa, Japan
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42
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Palmer JA, Kaufman CS, Vidoni ED, Honea RA, Burns JM, Billinger SA. Cerebrovascular response to exercise interacts with individual genotype and amyloid-beta deposition to influence response inhibition with aging. Neurobiol Aging 2022; 114:15-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2022.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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43
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Li YC, Graham JD, Chirico D, Cairney J. Time-of-day effect on motor coordination in youth. Chronobiol Int 2022; 39:761-768. [PMID: 35189761 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2022.2033761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The evaluation of motor coordination is important for diagnosing children and adolescents with motor impairments. However, motor coordination may be affected by time-of-day effects, and thus, the intra-day variation could subsequently influence the assessment accuracy of the standardized test used in the diagnostic process. To the best of our knowledge, no study has been conducted to examine this possibility. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the time-of-day effect on motor coordination. A convenience sample of 25 youth (17-21 years) were recruited from local high schools and a local university. The Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency - Second Edition (Short Form) was administered at three different times (morning, noon, and afternoon) over three days to explore the potential time-of-day effect on motor coordination. The starting time of the test on the first day was counterbalanced. Other factors that could potentially impact motor performance were also measured, including physical activity, chronotype, and time-since-awakening. A statistically significant main effect of time-of-day was found on overall motor coordination (p< .01) and the domain of Manual Coordination (p< .01). The time-of-day effect on the domain of Strength & Agility (p = .055) was just above the threshold of statistical significance. Further analysis showed that overall motor coordination was better at noon (p< .01) and in the afternoon (p= .052) than in the morning, whereas manual coordination was the worst in the morning (p's < .01). Strength and agility were also significantly better at noon than in the morning (p< .01). In addition, poor motor coordination in the morning was also related to longer time-since-awakening. Overall, this study identifies the time-of-day effect on motor coordination that could lead to the inconsistent classification of motor performance. Therefore, in order to avoid the potential misclassification of motor coordination, health professionals should take into account the time-of-day effect on motor coordination and the possible impact of time-since-awakening while administering the assessment in the morning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Chuen Li
- Department of Physical Therapy, China Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Jeffrey D Graham
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniele Chirico
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, & TotalCardiology Research Network, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - John Cairney
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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44
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Hoshikawa M. Relationships between the Munich Chronotype questionnaire index and time at minimum core temperature. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2022.2041797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masako Hoshikawa
- Department of Sport Sciences, Japan Institute of Sports Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
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45
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Agadagba SK, Eldaly ABM, Chan LLH. Transcorneal Electrical Stimulation Induces Long-Lasting Enhancement of Brain Functional and Directional Connectivity in Retinal Degeneration Mice. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:785199. [PMID: 35197826 PMCID: PMC8860236 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.785199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate neuromodulation of functional and directional connectivity features in both visual and non-visual brain cortices after short-term and long-term retinal electrical stimulation in retinal degeneration mice. We performed spontaneous electrocorticography (ECoG) in retinal degeneration (rd) mice following prolonged transcorneal electrical stimulation (pTES) at varying currents (400, 500 and 600 μA) and different time points (transient or day 1 post-stimulation, 1-week post-stimulation and 2-weeks post-stimulation). We also set up a sham control group of rd mice which did not receive any electrical stimulation. Subsequently we analyzed alterations in cross-frequency coupling (CFC), coherence and directional connectivity of the primary visual cortex and the prefrontal cortex. It was observed that the sham control group did not display any significant changes in brain connectivity across all stages of electrical stimulation. For the stimulated groups, we observed that transient electrical stimulation of the retina did not significantly alter brain coherence and connectivity. However, for 1-week post-stimulation, we identified enhanced increase in theta-gamma CFC. Meanwhile, enhanced coherence and directional connectivity appeared predominantly in theta, alpha and beta oscillations. These alterations occurred in both visual and non-visual brain regions and were dependent on the current amplitude of stimulation. Interestingly, 2-weeks post-stimulation demonstrated long-lasting enhancement in network coherence and connectivity patterns at the level of cross-oscillatory interaction, functional connectivity and directional inter-regional communication between the primary visual cortex and prefrontal cortex. Application of electrical stimulation to the retina evidently neuromodulates brain coherence and connectivity of visual and non-visual cortices in retinal degeneration mice and the observed alterations are largely maintained. pTES holds strong possibility of modulating higher cortical functions including pathways of cognition, awareness, emotion and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen K. Agadagba
- Department of Electrical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Abdelrahman B. M. Eldaly
- Department of Electrical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Electrical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Leanne Lai Hang Chan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- *Correspondence: Leanne Lai Hang Chan,
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Knaier R, Qian J, Roth R, Infanger D, Notter T, Wang W, Cajochen C, Scheer FA. Diurnal Variation in Maximum Endurance and Maximum Strength Performance: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2022; 54:169-180. [PMID: 34431827 PMCID: PMC10308487 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Diurnal variations in physical performance can affect athletes' success in competitive sports depending on whether the time of peak performance concurs with the time of competition. The purpose of this systematic review was to investigate the diurnal variation in maximum endurance and strength performance. METHODS The databases PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science were searched from inception to November 2020. The search string was externally reviewed according to PRESS guidelines, and the review was conducted in accordance to PRISMA guidelines and registered beforehand on PROSPERO. Eligibility criteria were that 1) the studies included humans and 2) any kind of maximum endurance or maximum strength test was performed at 3) a minimum of three different times of the day. There were no restrictions regarding study design, participants' sex, age, or fitness levels. RESULTS From 10,460 screened articles, 63 articles met all three inclusion criteria. Meta-analysis on the harmonizable 29 studies provided evidence for diurnal variations in physical performance. In detail, the overall effect sizes (95% confidence intervals) were 0.23 (0.05-0.40), 0.73 (0.37-1.09), 0.39 (0.18-0.60), and 0.79 (0.28-1.30) for endurance exercise tests, maximum power output in the Wingate test, handgrip strength, and jump height, respectively, all in favor of higher performance in the evening. The overall risk of bias in individual studies was moderately high. CONCLUSIONS There is strong evidence that anaerobic power and jump height are maximal between 1300 and 2000 h. There is some evidence that handgrip strength peaks between 1400 and 2100 h, but only little evidence that there is a time of peak performance in maximum endurance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Knaier
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Medical Chronobiology Program, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Jingyi Qian
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Medical Chronobiology Program, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Ralf Roth
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Denis Infanger
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Timo Notter
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Wei Wang
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Christian Cajochen
- Centre for Chronobiology, Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Transfaculty Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Frank A.J.L. Scheer
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Medical Chronobiology Program, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
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47
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Palucci Vieira LH, Lastella M, da Silva JP, Cesário T, Santinelli FB, Moretto GF, Santiago PRP, Barbieri FA. Low sleep quality and morningness-eveningness scale score may impair ball placement but not kicking velocity in youth academy soccer players. SCI MED FOOTBALL 2021; 6:528-538. [DOI: 10.1080/24733938.2021.2014550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luiz H Palucci Vieira
- Human Movement Research Laboratory (MOVI-LAB), School of Sciences, Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru, Brazil
| | - Michele Lastella
- Appleton Institute for Behavioural Science, Central Queensland University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - João Pedro da Silva
- Human Movement Research Laboratory (MOVI-LAB), School of Sciences, Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru, Brazil
| | - Tiago Cesário
- Human Movement Research Laboratory (MOVI-LAB), School of Sciences, Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru, Brazil
| | - Felipe B Santinelli
- Human Movement Research Laboratory (MOVI-LAB), School of Sciences, Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru, Brazil
| | - Gabriel F Moretto
- Human Movement Research Laboratory (MOVI-LAB), School of Sciences, Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru, Brazil
| | - Paulo R. P. Santiago
- LaBioCoM Biomechanics and Motor Control Laboratory, EEFERP School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, USP University of São Paulo, Campus Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Fabio A Barbieri
- Human Movement Research Laboratory (MOVI-LAB), School of Sciences, Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru, Brazil
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48
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Timing of objectively-collected physical activity in relation to body weight and metabolic health in sedentary older people: a cross-sectional and prospective analysis. Int J Obes (Lond) 2021; 46:515-522. [PMID: 34782736 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-021-01018-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about the impact of timing as opposed to frequency and intensity of daily physical activity on metabolic health. Therefore, we assessed the association between accelerometery-based daily timing of physical activity and measures of metabolic health in sedentary older people. METHODS Hourly mean physical activity derived from wrist-worn accelerometers over a 6-day period was collected at baseline and after 3 months in sedentary participants from the Active and Healthy Ageing study. A principal component analysis (PCA) was performed to reduce the number of dimensions (e.g. define periods instead of separate hours) of hourly physical activity at baseline and change during follow-up. Cross-sectionally, a multivariable-adjusted linear regression analysis was used to associate the principal components, particularly correlated with increased physical activity in data-driven periods during the day, with body mass index (BMI), fasting glucose and insulin, HbA1c and the homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). For the longitudinal analyses, we calculated the hourly changes in physical activity and change in metabolic health after follow-up. RESULTS We included 207 individuals (61.4% male, mean age: 64.8 [SD 2.9], mean BMI: 28.9 [4.7]). Higher physical activity in the early morning was associated with lower fasting glucose (-2.22%, 95% CI: -4.19, -0.40), fasting insulin (-13.54%, 95%CI: -23.49, -4.39), and HOMA-IR (-16.07%, 95%CI: -27.63, -5.65). Higher physical activity in the late afternoon to evening was associated with lower BMI (-2.84%, 95% CI: -4.92, -0.70). Higher physical activity at night was associated with higher BMI (2.86%, 95% CI: 0.90, 4.78), fasting glucose (2.57%, 95% CI: 0.70, 4.30), and HbA1c (2.37%, 95% CI: 1.00, 3.82). Similar results were present in the prospective analysis. CONCLUSION Specific physical activity timing patterns were associated with more beneficial metabolic health, suggesting particular time-dependent physical activity interventions might maximise health benefits.
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Cabanel N, Schmidt AM, Fockenberg S, Brückmann K, Müller MJ, Kundermann B, Haag A. Circadian preference and sleep quality in healthy controls and psychiatric inpatients with major depressive disorder - An actigraphy study incorporating morning and evening mood assessments. Chronobiol Int 2021; 39:249-260. [PMID: 34724857 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2021.1994583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is frequently accompanied by sleep disturbance. Regarding diurnal preference (chronotype), sleep problems and low mood have been associated with evening orientation. Considering diurnal preference, we investigated subjective restorative value of sleep and actigraphy sleep parameters together with mood assessments twice a day, i.e. in the morning and evening, during weekdays and weekends in MDD psychiatric inpatients and healthy controls (HCs). The restorative value of sleep was higher during the weekend in HC, and bedtimes and risetimes were delayed during the weekend compared to weekdays in HC and MDD. Morning mood affected subjective sleep ratings in both groups, while association with symptom severity (BDI) in MDD remained insignificant. In HC, better evening mood was associated with later bedtimes. Regarding the chronotype in HC, evening orientation was associated with relatively low restorative value of sleep during weekdays, and morning orientation was associated with relatively higher actigraphy sleep efficiency during weekdays compared to weekend. In MDD, an association of evening orientation with later rise times could be observed, while no chronotype dependent effect emerged regarding the restorative value of sleep or sleep efficiency. Our results emphasize that research on sleep in MDD should incorporate weekdays as well as weekends, chronotype assessment, and measures of morning and evening mood, as these can be associated with ratings of the subjective restorative value of sleep (i.e. in our study, better morning mood was associated with higher restorative values), but also with behavioral sleep parameters (i.e. in our study, more positive evening mood was associated with later bedtimes). Potentially, the restorative value of sleep in MDD evening types can be improved by maintaining a regular sleep schedule, which needs to be investigated in an experimental design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Cabanel
- Vitos Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Giessen, Giessen, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Konstantin Brückmann
- Vitos Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Giessen, Giessen, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Matthias J Müller
- Faculty of Medicine, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.,Oberberg Group, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernd Kundermann
- Vitos Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Giessen, Giessen, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Anja Haag
- Vitos Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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50
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Roy C, Monsivais D, Bhattacharya K, Dunbar RIM, Kaski K. Morningness-eveningness assessment from mobile phone communication analysis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14606. [PMID: 34272421 PMCID: PMC8285513 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93799-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Human behaviour follows a 24-h rhythm and is known to be governed by the individual chronotypes. Due to the widespread use of technology in our daily lives, it is possible to record the activities of individuals through their different digital traces. In the present study we utilise a large mobile phone communication dataset containing time stamps of calls and text messages to study the circadian rhythms of anonymous users in a European country. After removing the effect of the synchronization of East-West sun progression with the calling activity, we used two closely related approaches to heuristically compute the chronotypes of the individuals in the dataset, to identify them as morning persons or “larks” and evening persons or “owls”. Using the computed chronotypes we showed how the chronotype is largely dependent on age with younger cohorts being more likely to be owls than older cohorts. Moreover, our analysis showed how on average females have distinctly different chronotypes from males. Younger females are more larkish than males while older females are more owlish. Finally, we also studied the period of low calling activity for each of the users which is considered as a marker of their sleep period during the night. We found that while “extreme larks” tend to sleep more than “extreme owls” on the weekends, we do not observe much variation between them on weekdays. In addition, we have observed that women tend to sleep even less than males on weekdays while there is not much difference between them on the weekends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandreyee Roy
- Department of Computer Science, Aalto University School of Science, Espoo, Finland.
| | - Daniel Monsivais
- Department of Computer Science, Aalto University School of Science, Espoo, Finland
| | - Kunal Bhattacharya
- Department of Computer Science, Aalto University School of Science, Espoo, Finland.,Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, Aalto University School of Science, Espoo, Finland
| | - Robin I M Dunbar
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Kimmo Kaski
- Department of Computer Science, Aalto University School of Science, Espoo, Finland.,The Alan Turing Institute, London, UK
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