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Johnson KA, McDaniel JT, Graham HK, Robertson ET, McIntosh S, Wallace JP, Albright DL. A Geospatial Analysis of Social and Structural Determinants of Health and High HIV Prevalence in Alabama, USA. J Community Health 2024; 49:385-393. [PMID: 38032459 DOI: 10.1007/s10900-023-01309-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study utilizes geospatial analytic techniques to examine HIV hotspots in Alabama leveraging Medicaid utilization data. METHODS This cross-sectional study leveraged Medicaid utilization data from Alabama's 67 counties, averaging 9,861 Medicaid recipients aged > 18 years old per county. We used Alabama Medicaid administrative claims data from January 1, 2016, to December 31, 2020, to identify individuals with HIV. Using Microsoft SQL Server, we obtained the average annual count of HIV Medicaid claims in each of the 67 Alabama counties (numerator) and the number of adult Medicaid recipients in each county (denominator), and standardized with a multiplier of 100,000. We also examined several other area-level summary variables (e.g., non-high school completion, income greater than four times the federal poverty level, social associations, urbanicity/rurality) as social and structural determinants of health. County-boundary choropleth maps were created representing the geographic distribution of HIV rates per 100,000 adult Medicaid recipients in Alabama. Leveraging ESRI ArcGIS and local indicators of spatial association (LISA), results were examined using local Moran's I to identify geographic hotspots. RESULTS Eleven counties had HIV rates higher than 100 per 100,000. Three were hotspots. Being an HIV hotspot was significantly associated with relatively low educational attainment and less severe poverty than other areas in the state. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggesting that the HIV clusters in Alabama were categorized by significantly less severe poverty and lower educational attainment can aid ongoing efforts to strategically target resources and end the HIV epidemic in U.S.' Deep South.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Johnson
- School of Social Work, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
| | - J T McDaniel
- Public Health, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, USA
| | - H K Graham
- Educational Studies in Psychology, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
| | - E T Robertson
- Department of Political Science, The University of Alabama, Box 870306, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487-0314, USA
| | - S McIntosh
- Department of Political Science, The University of Alabama, Box 870306, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487-0314, USA
| | - J P Wallace
- Public Health, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, USA
- School of Human Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, USA
| | - David L Albright
- Department of Political Science, The University of Alabama, Box 870306, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487-0314, USA.
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Salmon C, Li S, Burrows EL, Johnson KA. Translational validity of neuropsychological tasks of sustained attention between rodents and humans: A systematic review of three rodent tasks. J Neurochem 2024. [PMID: 38690648 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.16117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Atypical sustained attention is a symptom in a number of neurological and psychological conditions. Investigations into its neural underpinnings are required for improved management and treatment. Rodents are useful in investigating the neurobiology underlying atypical sustained attention and several rodent tasks have been developed for use in touchscreen testing platforms that mimic methodology used in human clinical attention assessment. This systematic review was conducted to assess how translatable these rodent tasks are to equivalent clinical human tasks. Studies using the rodent Continuous Performance Task (rCPT), Sustained Attention Task (SAT), and 5-choice CPT (5C-CPT) were sought and screened. Included in the review were 138 studies, using the rCPT (n = 21), SAT (n = 90), and 5C-CPT (n = 27). Translatability between rodent and human studies was assessed based on (1) methodological similarity, (2) performance similarity, and (3) replication of results. The 5C-CPT was found to be the most translatable cross-species paradigm with good utility, while the rCPT and SAT require adaptation and further development to meet these translatability benchmarks. With greater replication and more consistent results, greater confidence in the translation of sustained attention results between species will be engendered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Salmon
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Shuting Li
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Emma L Burrows
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Katherine A Johnson
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Li S, Machida K, Burrows EL, Johnson KA. Quicker Exogenous Orienting and Slower Endogenous Orienting in Autistic People. J Autism Dev Disord 2024:10.1007/s10803-024-06311-8. [PMID: 38446266 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-024-06311-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Research is equivocal on whether attention orienting is atypical in autism. This study investigated two types of attention orienting in autistic people and accounted for the potential confounders of alerting level, co-occurring symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and anxiety, age, and sex. Twenty-seven autistic participants (14 males; 9-43 years) and 22 age- and sex-matched non-autistic participants (13 males; 9-42 years) completed the exogenous and endogenous Posner tasks. Response time and pupillometric data were recorded. Autistic participants were faster at orienting attention to valid cues in the exogenous task and slower at disengaging from invalid cues in the endogenous task compared to non-autistic participants. With increasing age, autistic participants showed faster exogenous and endogenous orienting, whereas non-autistic participants showed faster exogenous orienting but stable speed of endogenous orienting. Higher ADHD symptoms were associated with slower exogenous orienting in both groups, whereas higher anxiety symptoms were associated with faster exogenous orienting only in autistic participants. No group differences were noted for alerting levels, sex, or pupillary responses. This study provides new evidence of superior exogenous orienting and inefficient endogenous orienting in autistic people and suggests that age and co-occurring symptoms are important to consider when assessing attention orienting in autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuting Li
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
| | - Keitaro Machida
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Emma L Burrows
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Katherine A Johnson
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
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Li S, May C, Pang TY, Churilov L, Hannan AJ, Johnson KA, Burrows EL. Mice with an autism-associated R451C mutation in neuroligin-3 show intact attention orienting but atypical responses to methylphenidate and atomoxetine in the mouse-Posner task. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2024; 241:555-567. [PMID: 38170320 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-023-06520-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
RATIONALE Atypical attention orienting has been associated with some autistic symptoms, but the neural mechanisms remain unclear. The human Posner task, a classic attention orienting paradigm, was recently adapted for use with mice, supporting the investigation of the neurobiological underpinnings of atypical attention orienting in preclinical mouse models. OBJECTIVE The current study tested mice expressing the autism-associated R451C gene mutation in neuroligin-3 (NL3) on the mouse-Posner (mPosner) task. METHODS NL3R451C and wild-type (WT) mice were trained to respond to a validly or invalidly cued target on a touchscreen. The cue was a peripheral non-predictive flash in the exogenous task and a central spatially predictive image in the endogenous task. The effects of dopaminergic- and noradrenergic-modulating drugs, methylphenidate and atomoxetine, on task performance were assessed. RESULTS In both tasks, mice were quicker and more accurate in the validly versus invalidly cued trials, consistent with results in the human Posner task. NL3R451C and WT mice showed similar response times and accuracy but responded differently when treated with methylphenidate and atomoxetine. Methylphenidate impaired exogenous attention disengagement in NL3R451C mice but did not significantly affect WT mice. Atomoxetine impaired endogenous orienting in WT mice but did not significantly affect NL3R451C mice. CONCLUSIONS NL3R451C mice demonstrated intact attention orienting but altered responses to the pharmacological manipulation of the dopaminergic and noradrenergic networks. These findings expand our understanding of the NL3R451C mutation by suggesting that this mutation may lead to selective alterations in attentional processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuting Li
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
| | - Carlos May
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Terence Y Pang
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Leonid Churilov
- Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Anthony J Hannan
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Katherine A Johnson
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Emma L Burrows
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
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Bond IG, Machida K, Johnson KA. Daily arousal variation has little effect on sustained attention performance. Curr Psychol 2023:1-14. [PMID: 37359667 PMCID: PMC10022567 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-023-04473-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2023]
Abstract
Sustaining attention is an important cognitive process for everyday functioning and arousal is thought to underpin its performance. Primate studies depict an inverted-u relation between sustained attention and arousal, in which sustained attention performance is most affected at the extreme levels of arousal and peak performance aligns with moderate arousal. Human research findings are, however, inconsistent. This study aimed to investigate the effects of arousal on sustained attention performance in humans using two approaches-a small-N study with an inbuilt replication to test within-participant variation, and a larger sample assessing between-participant variation. The Sustained Attention to Response Task (SART) was used to measure sustained attention performance and the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS) was used to measure arousal. In the small-N study five participants completed the SART and KSS once an hour between 7 a.m. and 7 p.m., repeated two weeks later. Significant, curvilinear variation in KSS across time-of-day was found. A linear association between SART response time variability (sigma) and KSS was noted, however no other consistent associations between the SART and KSS were found. In the large-N study, 161 participants completed the SART and KSS once, at a time of day of their choosing. There were no significant relations between SART measures and the KSS, indicating that subjective sleepiness was not related to sustained attention performance. Overall, the hypothesized inverted-u relation between arousal and sustained attention performance was not found. The results suggested that diurnal arousal variation does not modify sustained attention performance in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isobel G. Bond
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010 Australia
| | - Keitaro Machida
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010 Australia
| | - Katherine A. Johnson
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010 Australia
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Hu Y, Li K, Swahn H, Ordoukhanian P, Head SR, Natarajan P, Woods AK, Joseph SB, Johnson KA, Lotz MK. Transcriptomic analyses of joint tissues during osteoarthritis development in a rat model reveal dysregulated mechanotransduction and extracellular matrix pathways. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2023; 31:199-212. [PMID: 36354073 PMCID: PMC9892293 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2022.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Transcriptomic changes in joint tissues during the development of osteoarthritis (OA) are of interest for the discovery of biomarkers and mechanisms of disease. The objective of this study was to use the rat medial meniscus transection (MMT) model to discover stage and tissue-specific transcriptomic changes. DESIGN Sham or MMT surgeries were performed in mature rats. Cartilage, menisci and synovium were scored for histopathological changes at 2, 4 and 6 weeks post-surgery and processed for RNA-sequencing. Differentially expressed genes (DEG) were used to identify pathways and mechanisms. Published transcriptomic datasets from animal models and human OA were used to confirm and extend present findings. RESULTS The total number of DEGs was already high at 2 weeks (723 in meniscus), followed by cartilage (259) and synovium (42) and declined to varying degrees in meniscus and synovium but increased in cartilage at 6 weeks. The most upregulated genes included tenascins. The 'response to mechanical stimulus' and extracellular matrix-related pathways were enriched in both cartilage and meniscus. Pathways that were enriched in synovium at 4 weeks indicate processes related to synovial hyperplasia and fibrosis. Synovium also showed upregulation of IL-11 and several MMPs. The mechanical stimulus pathway included upregulation of the mechanoreceptors PIEZO1, PIEZO2 and TRPV4 and nerve growth factor. Analysis of data from prior RNA-sequencing studies of animal models and human OA support these findings. CONCLUSION These results indicate several shared pathways that are affected during OA in cartilage and meniscus and support the role of mechanotransduction and other pathways in OA pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Hu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA; Department of Radiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - K Li
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - H Swahn
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - P Ordoukhanian
- Center for Computational Biology & Bioinformatics and Genomics Core, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - S R Head
- Center for Computational Biology & Bioinformatics and Genomics Core, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - P Natarajan
- Center for Computational Biology & Bioinformatics and Genomics Core, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - A K Woods
- Calibr, a Division of Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - S B Joseph
- Calibr, a Division of Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - K A Johnson
- Calibr, a Division of Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - M K Lotz
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
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Larson LM, Feuerriegel D, Hasan MI, Braat S, Jin J, Tipu SMU, Shiraji S, Tofail F, Biggs BA, Hamadani JD, Johnson KA, Bode S, Pasricha SR. Effects of iron supplementation on neural indices of habituation in Bangladeshi children. Am J Clin Nutr 2023; 117:73-82. [PMID: 36789946 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2022.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Iron deficiency and anemia have been associated with poor cognition in children, yet the effects of iron supplementation on neurocognition remain unclear. OBJECTIVE We aimed to examine the effects of supplementation with iron on neural indices of habituation using auditory event-related brain potentials (ERPs). METHODS This substudy was nested within a 3-arm, double-blind, double-dummy, individual randomized trial in Bangladesh, in which 3300 8-mo-old children were randomly selected to receive 3 mo of daily iron syrup (12.5 mg iron), multiple micronutrient powders (MNPs) (including 12.5 mg iron), or placebo. Children were assessed after 3 mo of intervention (mo 3) and 9 mo thereafter (mo 12). The neurocognitive substudy comprised a randomly selected subset of children from the main trial. Brain activity elicited during an auditory roving oddball task was recorded using electroencephalography to provide an index of habituation. The differential response to a novel (deviant) compared with a repeated (standard) sound was examined. The primary outcome was the amplitude of the mismatch response (deviant minusstandard tone waveforms) at mo 3. Secondary outcomes included the deviant and standard tone-evoked amplitudes, N2 amplitude differences, and differences in mean amplitudes evoked by deviant tones presented in the second compared with first half of the oddball sequence at mo 3 and 12. RESULTS Data were analyzed from 329 children at month 3 and 363 at mo 12. Analyses indicated no treatment effects of iron interventions compared with placebo on the amplitude of the mismatch response (iron syrup compared with placebo: mean difference (MD) = 0.07μV [95% CI: -1.22, 1.37]; MNPs compared with placebo: MD = 0.58μV [95% CI: -0.74, 1.90]) nor any secondary ERP outcomes at mo 3 or 12, despite improvements in hemoglobin and ferritin concentrations from iron syrup and MNPs in this nested substudy. CONCLUSION In Bangladeshi children with >40% anemia prevalence, iron or MNP interventions alone are insufficient to improve neural indices of habituation. This trial was registered at the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry as ACTRN12617000660381.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila M Larson
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA; Population Health and Immunity Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Infectious Diseases at the Peter Doherty Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Daniel Feuerriegel
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Mohammed Imrul Hasan
- Maternal and Child Health Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Sabine Braat
- Population Health and Immunity Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Infectious Diseases at the Peter Doherty Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jerry Jin
- Department of Infectious Diseases at the Peter Doherty Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sm Mulk Uddin Tipu
- Maternal and Child Health Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Shamima Shiraji
- Maternal and Child Health Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Fahmida Tofail
- Maternal and Child Health Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Beverley-Ann Biggs
- Department of Infectious Diseases at the Peter Doherty Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; The Victorian Infectious Diseases Service, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jena D Hamadani
- Maternal and Child Health Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Katherine A Johnson
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Stefan Bode
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sant-Rayn Pasricha
- Population Health and Immunity Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Diagnostic Hematology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville VIC, Australia; Diagnostic Hematology and Clinical Hematology, The Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville VIC, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Richmond S, Beare R, Johnson KA, Bray K, Pozzi E, Allen NB, Seal ML, Whittle S. Maternal warmth is associated with network segregation across late childhood: A longitudinal neuroimaging study. Front Psychol 2022; 13:917189. [PMID: 36176802 PMCID: PMC9514138 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.917189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The negative impact of adverse experiences in childhood on neurodevelopment is well documented. Less attention however has been given to the impact of variations in “normative” parenting behaviors. The influence of these parenting behaviors is likely to be marked during periods of rapid brain reorganization, such as late childhood. The aim of the current study was to investigate associations between normative parenting behaviors and the development of structural brain networks across late childhood. Data were collected from a longitudinal sample of 114 mother-child dyads (54% female children, M age 8.41 years, SD = 0.32 years), recruited from low socioeconomic areas of Melbourne, Australia. At the first assessment parenting behaviors were coded from two lab-based interaction tasks and structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of the children were performed. At the second assessment, approximately 18 months later (M age 9.97 years, SD = 0.37 years) MRI scans were repeated. Cortical thickness (CT) was extracted from T1-weighted images using FreeSurfer. Structural covariance (SC) networks were constructed from partial correlations of CT estimates between brain regions and estimates of network efficiency and modularity were obtained for each time point. The change in these network measures, from Time 1 to Time 2, was also calculated. At Time 2, less positive maternal affective behavior was associated with higher modularity (more segregated networks), while negative maternal affective behavior was not related. No support was found for an association between local or global efficacy and maternal affective behaviors at Time 2. Similarly, no support was demonstrated for associations between maternal affective behaviors and change in network efficiency and modularity, from Time 1 to Time 2. These results indicate that normative variations in parenting may influence the development of structural brain networks in late childhood and extend current knowledge about environmental influences on structural connectivity in a developmental context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally Richmond
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- *Correspondence: Sally Richmond,
| | - Richard Beare
- Developmental Imaging, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Katherine A. Johnson
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Katherine Bray
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Elena Pozzi
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Nicholas B. Allen
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States
| | - Marc L. Seal
- Developmental Imaging, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Sarah Whittle
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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Machida K, Barry E, Mulligan A, Gill M, Robertson IH, Lewis FC, Green B, Kelly SP, Bellgrove MA, Johnson KA. Which Measures From a Sustained Attention Task Best Predict ADHD Group Membership? J Atten Disord 2022; 26:1471-1482. [PMID: 35253511 DOI: 10.1177/10870547221081266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Difficulty with sustaining attention to a task is a hallmark of ADHD. It would be useful to know which measures of sustained attention best predict a diagnosis of ADHD. Participants were 129 children with a diagnosis of ADHD and 129 matched controls who completed the fixed Sustained Attention to Response Task (SART). The number of commission and omission errors, standard deviation of response time (SDRT), tau, fast and slow frequency variability, d-prime, and mu were able to successfully classify children with and without ADHD. The mean response time, criterion, and sigma were not able to classify participants. The best classifiers were d-prime (0.75 Area Under the Receiver Operated Characteristic), tau (.74), SDRT (0.74), omission errors (0.72), commission errors (0.71), and SFAUS (0.70). This list of the best classifier measures derived from the SART may prove useful for the planning of future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Benita Green
- The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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Lippert AL, Johnson KA, Pasch CA, Kraus SG, Emmerich PB, Clipson L, Matkowskyj KA, Zhang W, Deming DA. Abstract 3198: Validation and analysis of cancer associated fibroblast subtype markers in metastatic colorectal cancer. Cancer Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-3198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Cancer Associated Fibroblasts (CAFs) are a significant component of tumor stroma, and have an important impact on immune infiltration in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Two major subtypes of CAFs have been previously identified by literature: myofibroblastic (myCAF) and inflammatory (iCAF). Our lab has identified subtype markers for each CAF phenotype and previously analyzed a sampling of 153 colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. Here, we validate these subtype markers and investigate CAF phenotypes in metastatic colorectal cancer patients.
Methods: Dual immunofluorescence on formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue sections was performed to analyze co-staining between combinations of myCAF markers, αSMA and TAGLN, and iCAF markers, PDPN and ICAM1. Slides were imaged using a fluorescent microscope. Also, tissue microarrays sampling 212 CRC patients spanning all stages of disease, 90 with matched metastatic cores, were stained via immunohistochemistry (IHC) for the CAF subtype markers then quantified on an intensity scale from 0-3+. iCAF and myCAF marker scores were averaged to get a composite score for each, then split into low (average score <2) and high (average score ≥2) groups. CD8 IHC stains were quantified as the number of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) per high power field (HPF) in the epithelial compartment.
Results: Significant co-staining was observed between iCAF markers PDPN and ICAM1, as well as myCAF markers αSMA and TAGLN. Co-staining did not occur, or was minimal, between combinations of myCAF and iCAF markers. There is not significant different in abundance of iCAFs or myCAFs in primary site cores of patients with metastatic versus non-metastatic disease (p = 0.67 for iCAF, p = 0.57 for myCAF). Of matched primary and metastatic samples able to be scored, 43.3% of samples had a decrease in iCAF score from primary to metastatic site while only 18.8% increased. Overall, 34.4% of samples had a decrease in score of more than 1 and only 2.2% of samples had an increase of more than 1. However, the percentage of samples that had a decrease in myCAF score was 32.2% while 22.2% increased. In all primary cores of patients with metastatic disease, there was higher average CD8+ TILs in those with high iCAF scores compared to those with low iCAF scores (12.0 vs 5.5, p=0.03). There was not a significant difference in average CD8+ TILs in those with high myCAF scores compared to those with low myCAF scores (9.3 vs 7.1, p=0.7).
Conclusions: Here, we validate the myCAF markers TAGLN and αSMA, as well as, iCAF markers ICAM1 and PDPN by demonstrating co-staining between CAFs of the same subtype and exclusion between different subtypes. These data indicate that that CAF phenotype correlates with CD8 T cell infiltration into the TME. iCAFs correlate with immune infiltration and myCAFs with immune exclusion.
Citation Format: Anna L. Lippert, Katherine A. Johnson, Cheri A. Pasch, Sean G. Kraus, Philip B. Emmerich, Linda Clipson, Kristina A. Matkowskyj, Wei Zhang, Dustin A. Deming. Validation and analysis of cancer associated fibroblast subtype markers in metastatic colorectal cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 3198.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Wei Zhang
- 1University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
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11
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Johnson KA, Pontvianne A, Ly V, Jin R, Januar JH, Machida K, Sargent LD, Lee KE, Williams NSG, Williams KJH. Water and Meadow Views Both Afford Perceived but Not Performance-Based Attention Restoration: Results From Two Experimental Studies. Front Psychol 2022; 13:809629. [PMID: 35548523 PMCID: PMC9084315 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.809629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Attention Restoration Theory proposes that exposure to natural environments helps to restore attention. For sustained attention—the ongoing application of focus to a task, the effect appears to be modest, and the underlying mechanisms of attention restoration remain unclear. Exposure to nature may improve attention performance through many means: modulation of alertness and one’s connection to nature were investigated here, in two separate studies. In both studies, participants performed the Sustained Attention to Response Task (SART) before and immediately after viewing a meadow, ocean, or urban image for 40 s, and then completed the Perceived Restorativeness Scale. In Study 1 (n = 68), an eye-tracker recorded the participants’ tonic pupil diameter during the SARTs, providing a measure of alertness. In Study 2 (n = 186), the effects of connectedness to nature on SART performance and perceived restoration were studied. In both studies, the image viewed was not associated with participants’ sustained attention performance; both nature images were perceived as equally restorative, and more restorative than the urban image. The image viewed was not associated with changes in alertness. Connectedness to nature was not associated with sustained attention performance, but it did moderate the relation between viewing the natural images and perceived restorativeness; participants reporting a higher connection to nature also reported feeling more restored after viewing the nature, but not the urban, images. Dissociation was found between the physiological and behavioral measures and the perceived restorativeness of the images. The results suggest that restoration associated with nature exposure is not associated with modulation of alertness but is associated with connectedness with nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A Johnson
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Annabelle Pontvianne
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Vi Ly
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Rui Jin
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Jonathan Haris Januar
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Keitaro Machida
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Leisa D Sargent
- UNSW Business School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kate E Lee
- School of Ecosystem and Forest Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Nicholas S G Williams
- School of Ecosystem and Forest Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Kathryn J H Williams
- School of Ecosystem and Forest Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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12
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Bethlehem RAI, Seidlitz J, White SR, Vogel JW, Anderson KM, Adamson C, Adler S, Alexopoulos GS, Anagnostou E, Areces-Gonzalez A, Astle DE, Auyeung B, Ayub M, Bae J, Ball G, Baron-Cohen S, Beare R, Bedford SA, Benegal V, Beyer F, Blangero J, Blesa Cábez M, Boardman JP, Borzage M, Bosch-Bayard JF, Bourke N, Calhoun VD, Chakravarty MM, Chen C, Chertavian C, Chetelat G, Chong YS, Cole JH, Corvin A, Costantino M, Courchesne E, Crivello F, Cropley VL, Crosbie J, Crossley N, Delarue M, Delorme R, Desrivieres S, Devenyi GA, Di Biase MA, Dolan R, Donald KA, Donohoe G, Dunlop K, Edwards AD, Elison JT, Ellis CT, Elman JA, Eyler L, Fair DA, Feczko E, Fletcher PC, Fonagy P, Franz CE, Galan-Garcia L, Gholipour A, Giedd J, Gilmore JH, Glahn DC, Goodyer IM, Grant PE, Groenewold NA, Gunning FM, Gur RE, Gur RC, Hammill CF, Hansson O, Hedden T, Heinz A, Henson RN, Heuer K, Hoare J, Holla B, Holmes AJ, Holt R, Huang H, Im K, Ipser J, Jack CR, Jackowski AP, Jia T, Johnson KA, Jones PB, Jones DT, Kahn RS, Karlsson H, Karlsson L, Kawashima R, Kelley EA, Kern S, Kim KW, Kitzbichler MG, Kremen WS, Lalonde F, Landeau B, Lee S, Lerch J, Lewis JD, Li J, Liao W, Liston C, Lombardo MV, Lv J, Lynch C, Mallard TT, Marcelis M, Markello RD, Mathias SR, Mazoyer B, McGuire P, Meaney MJ, Mechelli A, Medic N, Misic B, Morgan SE, Mothersill D, Nigg J, Ong MQW, Ortinau C, Ossenkoppele R, Ouyang M, Palaniyappan L, Paly L, Pan PM, Pantelis C, Park MM, Paus T, Pausova Z, Paz-Linares D, Pichet Binette A, Pierce K, Qian X, Qiu J, Qiu A, Raznahan A, Rittman T, Rodrigue A, Rollins CK, Romero-Garcia R, Ronan L, Rosenberg MD, Rowitch DH, Salum GA, Satterthwaite TD, Schaare HL, Schachar RJ, Schultz AP, Schumann G, Schöll M, Sharp D, Shinohara RT, Skoog I, Smyser CD, Sperling RA, Stein DJ, Stolicyn A, Suckling J, Sullivan G, Taki Y, Thyreau B, Toro R, Traut N, Tsvetanov KA, Turk-Browne NB, Tuulari JJ, Tzourio C, Vachon-Presseau É, Valdes-Sosa MJ, Valdes-Sosa PA, Valk SL, van Amelsvoort T, Vandekar SN, Vasung L, Victoria LW, Villeneuve S, Villringer A, Vértes PE, Wagstyl K, Wang YS, Warfield SK, Warrier V, Westman E, Westwater ML, Whalley HC, Witte AV, Yang N, Yeo B, Yun H, Zalesky A, Zar HJ, Zettergren A, Zhou JH, Ziauddeen H, Zugman A, Zuo XN, Bullmore ET, Alexander-Bloch AF. Brain charts for the human lifespan. Nature 2022; 604:525-533. [PMID: 35388223 PMCID: PMC9021021 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04554-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 372] [Impact Index Per Article: 186.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Over the past few decades, neuroimaging has become a ubiquitous tool in basic research and clinical studies of the human brain. However, no reference standards currently exist to quantify individual differences in neuroimaging metrics over time, in contrast to growth charts for anthropometric traits such as height and weight1. Here we assemble an interactive open resource to benchmark brain morphology derived from any current or future sample of MRI data ( http://www.brainchart.io/ ). With the goal of basing these reference charts on the largest and most inclusive dataset available, acknowledging limitations due to known biases of MRI studies relative to the diversity of the global population, we aggregated 123,984 MRI scans, across more than 100 primary studies, from 101,457 human participants between 115 days post-conception to 100 years of age. MRI metrics were quantified by centile scores, relative to non-linear trajectories2 of brain structural changes, and rates of change, over the lifespan. Brain charts identified previously unreported neurodevelopmental milestones3, showed high stability of individuals across longitudinal assessments, and demonstrated robustness to technical and methodological differences between primary studies. Centile scores showed increased heritability compared with non-centiled MRI phenotypes, and provided a standardized measure of atypical brain structure that revealed patterns of neuroanatomical variation across neurological and psychiatric disorders. In summary, brain charts are an essential step towards robust quantification of individual variation benchmarked to normative trajectories in multiple, commonly used neuroimaging phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A I Bethlehem
- Autism Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Brain Mapping Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - J Seidlitz
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Lifespan Brain Institute, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - S R White
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- MRC Biostatistics Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - J W Vogel
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Lifespan Informatics & Neuroimaging Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - K M Anderson
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - C Adamson
- Developmental Imaging, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - S Adler
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute for Child Health, London, UK
| | - G S Alexopoulos
- Weill Cornell Institute of Geriatric Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA
| | - E Anagnostou
- Department of Pediatrics University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - A Areces-Gonzalez
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for NeuroInformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- University of Pinar del Río "Hermanos Saiz Montes de Oca", Pinar del Río, Cuba
| | - D E Astle
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - B Auyeung
- Autism Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - M Ayub
- Queen's University, Department of Psychiatry, Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
- University College London, Mental Health Neuroscience Research Department, Division of Psychiatry, London, UK
| | - J Bae
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - G Ball
- Developmental Imaging, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - S Baron-Cohen
- Autism Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge Lifetime Asperger Syndrome Service (CLASS), Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - R Beare
- Developmental Imaging, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - S A Bedford
- Autism Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - V Benegal
- Centre for Addiction Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, India
| | - F Beyer
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - J Blangero
- Department of Human Genetics, South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, USA
| | - M Blesa Cábez
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - J P Boardman
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - M Borzage
- Fetal and Neonatal Institute, Division of Neonatology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - J F Bosch-Bayard
- McGill Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - N Bourke
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Care Research and Technology Centre, Dementia Research Institute, London, UK
| | - V D Calhoun
- Tri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - M M Chakravarty
- McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Computational Brain Anatomy (CoBrA) Laboratory, Cerebral Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - C Chen
- Penn Statistics in Imaging and Visualization Center, Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - C Chertavian
- Lifespan Brain Institute, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - G Chetelat
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, U1237, PhIND "Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders", Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie, Cyceron, Caen, France
| | - Y S Chong
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - J H Cole
- Centre for Medical Image Computing (CMIC), University College London, London, UK
- Dementia Research Centre (DRC), University College London, London, UK
| | - A Corvin
- Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - M Costantino
- Cerebral Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Verdun, Quebec, Canada
- Undergraduate program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - E Courchesne
- Department of Neuroscience, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
- Autism Center of Excellence, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - F Crivello
- Institute of Neurodegenerative Disorders, CNRS UMR5293, CEA, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - V L Cropley
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - J Crosbie
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - N Crossley
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Instituto Milenio Intelligent Healthcare Engineering, Santiago, Chile
| | - M Delarue
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, U1237, PhIND "Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders", Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie, Cyceron, Caen, France
| | - R Delorme
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Robert Debré University Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
- Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - S Desrivieres
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - G A Devenyi
- Cerebral Imaging Centre, McGill Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - M A Di Biase
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - R Dolan
- Max Planck UCL Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, University College London, London, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, London, UK
| | - K A Donald
- Division of Developmental Paediatrics, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
- Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - G Donohoe
- Center for Neuroimaging, Cognition & Genomics (NICOG), School of Psychology, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - K Dunlop
- Weil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - A D Edwards
- Centre for the Developing Brain, King's College London, London, UK
- Evelina London Children's Hospital, London, UK
- MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, London, UK
| | - J T Elison
- Institute of Child Development, Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - C T Ellis
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Haskins Laboratories, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - J A Elman
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - L Eyler
- Desert-Pacific Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, VA San Diego Healthcare, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - D A Fair
- Institute of Child Development, Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - E Feczko
- Institute of Child Development, Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - P C Fletcher
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, and Wellcome Trust MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - P Fonagy
- Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK
- Anna Freud National Centre for Children and Families, London, UK
| | - C E Franz
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - A Gholipour
- Computational Radiology Laboratory, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - J Giedd
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - J H Gilmore
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - D C Glahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - I M Goodyer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - P E Grant
- Division of Newborn Medicine and Neuroradiology, Fetal Neonatal Neuroimaging and Developmental Science Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - N A Groenewold
- Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, SA-MRC Unit on Child & Adolescent Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - F M Gunning
- Weill Cornell Institute of Geriatric Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - R E Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Lifespan Brain Institute, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - R C Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Lifespan Brain Institute, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - C F Hammill
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Mouse Imaging Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - O Hansson
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Memory Clinic, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - T Hedden
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A Heinz
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - R N Henson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - K Heuer
- Department of Neuropsychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
- Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - J Hoare
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - B Holla
- Department of Integrative Medicine, NIMHANS, Bengaluru, India
- Accelerator Program for Discovery in Brain disorders using Stem cells (ADBS), Department of Psychiatry, NIMHANS, Bengaluru, India
| | - A J Holmes
- Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - R Holt
- Autism Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - H Huang
- Radiology Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- The Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - K Im
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Newborn Medicine and Neuroradiology, Fetal Neonatal Neuroimaging and Developmental Science Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - J Ipser
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - C R Jack
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - A P Jackowski
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry, Beijing, China
| | - T Jia
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and BrainInspired Intelligence (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine (PONS), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, SGDP Centre, King's College London, London, UK
| | - K A Johnson
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Aging Brain Study, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - P B Jones
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - D T Jones
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - R S Kahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, NY, USA
| | - H Karlsson
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Turku Brain and Mind Center, FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - L Karlsson
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Turku Brain and Mind Center, FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - R Kawashima
- Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Seiryocho, Aobaku, Sendai, Japan
| | - E A Kelley
- Queen's University, Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - S Kern
- Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy, Centre for Ageing and Health (AGECAP) at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Psychiatry, Cognition and Old Age Psychiatry Clinic, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - K W Kim
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Seoul National University College of Natural Sciences, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, SNU-MRC, Seoul, South Korea
| | - M G Kitzbichler
- Brain Mapping Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - W S Kremen
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - F Lalonde
- Section on Developmental Neurogenomics, Human Genetics Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - B Landeau
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, U1237, PhIND "Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders", Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie, Cyceron, Caen, France
| | - S Lee
- Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, Seoul National University College of Natural Sciences, Seoul, South Korea
| | - J Lerch
- Mouse Imaging Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - J D Lewis
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - J Li
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - W Liao
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - C Liston
- Department of Psychiatry and Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - M V Lombardo
- Autism Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Laboratory for Autism and Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Center for Neuroscience and Cognitive Systems @UniTn, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rovereto, Italy
| | - J Lv
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - C Lynch
- Weil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - T T Mallard
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA
| | - M Marcelis
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, EURON, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Institute for Mental Health Care Eindhoven (GGzE), Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - R D Markello
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - S R Mathias
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - B Mazoyer
- Institute of Neurodegenerative Disorders, CNRS UMR5293, CEA, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - P McGuire
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - M J Meaney
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Singapore, Singapore
| | - A Mechelli
- Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France
| | - N Medic
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - B Misic
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - S E Morgan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Computer Science and Technology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- The Alan Turing Institute, London, UK
| | - D Mothersill
- Department of Psychology, School of Business, National College of Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Psychology and Center for Neuroimaging and Cognitive Genomics, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
- Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - J Nigg
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - M Q W Ong
- Center for Sleep and Cognition, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - C Ortinau
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - R Ossenkoppele
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Lund University, Clinical Memory Research Unit, Lund, Sweden
| | - M Ouyang
- Radiology Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - L Palaniyappan
- Robarts Research Institute and The Brain and Mind Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - L Paly
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, U1237, PhIND "Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders", Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie, Cyceron, Caen, France
| | - P M Pan
- Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of Sao Poalo (UNIFESP), Sao Poalo, Brazil
- National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents (INPD), Sao Poalo, Brazil
| | - C Pantelis
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, Victoria, Australia
- Melbourne School of Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - M M Park
- Department of Psychiatry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - T Paus
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Z Pausova
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Departments of Physiology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - D Paz-Linares
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for NeuroInformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Cuban Neuroscience Center, Havana, Cuba
| | - A Pichet Binette
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - K Pierce
- Department of Neuroscience, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - X Qian
- Center for Sleep and Cognition, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - J Qiu
- School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - A Qiu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The N.1 Institute for Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - A Raznahan
- Section on Developmental Neurogenomics, Human Genetics Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - T Rittman
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - A Rodrigue
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - C K Rollins
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - R Romero-Garcia
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS) HUVR/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Dpto. de Fisiología Médica y Biofísica, Seville, Spain
| | - L Ronan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - M D Rosenberg
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - D H Rowitch
- Department of Paediatrics and Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - G A Salum
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry (INPD), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - T D Satterthwaite
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Lifespan Informatics & Neuroimaging Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - H L Schaare
- Otto Hahn Group Cognitive Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-7: Brain and Behaviour), Research Centre Juelich, Juelich, Germany
| | - R J Schachar
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - A P Schultz
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Aging Brain Study, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - G Schumann
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Stratified Medicine (PONS), Institute for Science and Technology for Brain-inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- PONS-Centre, Charite Mental Health, Dept of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charite Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - M Schöll
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Dementia Research Centre, Queen's Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - D Sharp
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Care Research and Technology Centre, UK Dementia Research Institute, London, UK
| | - R T Shinohara
- Penn Statistics in Imaging and Visualization Center, Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - I Skoog
- Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy, Centre for Ageing and Health (AGECAP) at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Psychiatry, Cognition and Old Age Psychiatry Clinic, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - C D Smyser
- Departments of Neurology, Pediatrics, and Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - R A Sperling
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Aging Brain Study, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - D J Stein
- SA MRC Unit on Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders, Dept of Psychiatry and Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - A Stolicyn
- Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - J Suckling
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - G Sullivan
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Y Taki
- Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Seiryocho, Aobaku, Sendai, Japan
| | - B Thyreau
- Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Seiryocho, Aobaku, Sendai, Japan
| | - R Toro
- Université de Paris, Paris, France
- Department of Neuroscience, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - N Traut
- Department of Neuroscience, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Center for Research and Interdisciplinarity (CRI), Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - K A Tsvetanov
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - N B Turk-Browne
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - J J Tuulari
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Turku Brain and Mind Center, FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku Collegium for Science, Medicine and Technology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - C Tzourio
- Univ. Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, U1219, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - É Vachon-Presseau
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - P A Valdes-Sosa
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain (AECRP), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - S L Valk
- Institute for Neuroscience and Medicine 7, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - T van Amelsvoort
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - S N Vandekar
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - L Vasung
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - L W Victoria
- Weill Cornell Institute of Geriatric Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - S Villeneuve
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - A Villringer
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
- Clinic for Cognitive Neurology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - P E Vértes
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- The Alan Turing Institute, London, UK
| | - K Wagstyl
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, London, UK
| | - Y S Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Developmental Population Neuroscience Research Center, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- National Basic Science Data Center, Beijing, China
- Research Center for Lifespan Development of Brain and Mind, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - S K Warfield
- Computational Radiology Laboratory, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - V Warrier
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - E Westman
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M L Westwater
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - H C Whalley
- Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - A V Witte
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
- Clinic for Cognitive Neurology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, CRC 1052 'Obesity Mechanisms', University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - N Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Developmental Population Neuroscience Research Center, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- National Basic Science Data Center, Beijing, China
- Research Center for Lifespan Development of Brain and Mind, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - B Yeo
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Centre for Sleep and Cognition and Centre for Translational MR Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- N.1 Institute for Health & Institute for Digital Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Integrative Sciences and Engineering Programme (ISEP), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - H Yun
- Division of Newborn Medicine and Neuroradiology, Fetal Neonatal Neuroimaging and Developmental Science Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A Zalesky
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - H J Zar
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, SA-MRC Unit on Child & Adolescent Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - A Zettergren
- Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy, Centre for Ageing and Health (AGECAP) at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - J H Zhou
- Center for Sleep and Cognition, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Center for Translational Magnetic Resonance Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - H Ziauddeen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - A Zugman
- National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents (INPD), Sao Poalo, Brazil
- National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - X N Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Developmental Population Neuroscience Research Center, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- National Basic Science Data Center, Beijing, China
- Research Center for Lifespan Development of Brain and Mind, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Brain and Education, School of Education Science, Nanning Normal University, Nanning, China
| | - E T Bullmore
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - A F Alexander-Bloch
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Lifespan Brain Institute, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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DeStefanis RA, Kratz JD, Olson AM, Sunil A, DeZeeuw AK, Gillette AA, Sha GC, Johnson KA, Pasch CA, Clipson L, Skala MC, Deming DA. Impact of baseline culture conditions of cancer organoids when determining therapeutic response and tumor heterogeneity. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5205. [PMID: 35338174 PMCID: PMC8956720 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08937-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Representative models are needed to screen new therapies for patients with cancer. Cancer organoids are a leap forward as a culture model that faithfully represents the disease. Mouse-derived cancer organoids (MDCOs) are becoming increasingly popular, however there has yet to be a standardized method to assess therapeutic response and identify subpopulation heterogeneity. There are multiple factors unique to organoid culture that could affect how therapeutic response and MDCO heterogeneity are assessed. Here we describe an analysis of nearly 3500 individual MDCOs where individual organoid morphologic tracking was performed. Change in MDCO diameter was assessed in the presence of control media or targeted therapies. Individual organoid tracking was identified to be more sensitive to treatment response than well-level assessment. The impact of different generations of mice of the same genotype, different regions of the colon, and organoid specific characteristics including baseline size, passage number, plating density, and location within the matrix were examined. Only the starting size of the MDCO altered the subsequent growth. These results were corroborated using ~ 1700 patient-derived cancer organoids (PDCOs) isolated from 19 patients. Here we establish organoid culture parameters for individual organoid morphologic tracking to determine therapeutic response and growth/response heterogeneity for translational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A DeStefanis
- Division of Hematology, Medical Oncology, and Palliative Care, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Ave, 6507 WIMR2, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Jeremy D Kratz
- Division of Hematology, Medical Oncology, and Palliative Care, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Ave, 6507 WIMR2, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Autumn M Olson
- Division of Hematology, Medical Oncology, and Palliative Care, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Ave, 6507 WIMR2, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Aishwarya Sunil
- Division of Hematology, Medical Oncology, and Palliative Care, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Ave, 6507 WIMR2, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Alyssa K DeZeeuw
- Division of Hematology, Medical Oncology, and Palliative Care, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Ave, 6507 WIMR2, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Amani A Gillette
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Gioia C Sha
- Division of Hematology, Medical Oncology, and Palliative Care, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Ave, 6507 WIMR2, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Katherine A Johnson
- Division of Hematology, Medical Oncology, and Palliative Care, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Ave, 6507 WIMR2, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Cheri A Pasch
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Linda Clipson
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Melissa C Skala
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Dustin A Deming
- Division of Hematology, Medical Oncology, and Palliative Care, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Ave, 6507 WIMR2, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI, USA.
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the associations between the number and type of memory complaints with memory and sustained attention performance in healthy middle-aged adults. METHOD Sixty-six healthy individuals aged 35-64 years (Mage = 47.73 years) were administered the seven Questions, Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test, Sustained Attention to Response Task, and Depression Anxiety Stress Scales 21. RESULTS The number of memory complaints was not associated with memory or sustained attention performance but was associated with anxiety symptoms. The type of memory complaint was likewise not associated with memory or sustained attention performance. The complaints "recent change in ability to remember things" and "trouble remembering things from one second to the next" were associated with anxiety symptoms. CONCLUSION Complaints about memory in otherwise healthy middle-aged adults do not reliably indicate memory or sustained attention performance. Rather, these complaints are more likely to be associated with heightened, but nevertheless subclinical, anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-En Quek
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Kok Hon Leuar
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Michael M Saling
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.,Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia
| | - Katherine A Johnson
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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Chiu K, Lewis FC, Ashton R, Cornish KM, Johnson KA. Higher Tablet Use Is Associated With Better Sustained Attention Performance but Poorer Sleep Quality in School-Aged Children. Front Psychol 2022; 12:742468. [PMID: 35046864 PMCID: PMC8761987 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.742468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There are growing concerns that increased screen device usage may have a detrimental impact on classroom behaviour and attentional focus. The consequences of screen use on child cognitive functioning have been relatively under-studied, and results remain largely inconsistent. Screen usage may displace the time usually spent asleep. The aim of this study was to examine associations between screen use, behavioural inattention and sustained attention control, and the potential modifying role of sleep. The relations between screen use, behavioural inattention, sustained attention and sleep were investigated in 162 6- to 8-year-old children, using parent-reported daily screen use, the SWAN ADHD behaviour rating scale, The sustained attention to response task and the children’s sleep habits questionnaire. Tablet use was associated with better sustained attention performance but was not associated with classroom behavioural inattention. Shorter sleep duration was associated with poorer behavioural inattention and sustained attention. Sleep quality and duration did not act as mediators between screen usage and behavioural inattention nor sustained attention control. These findings suggest that careful management of the amount of time spent on electronic screen devices could have a beneficial cognitive impact on young children. The results also highlight the critical role of sleep in enhancing both behavioural attention and sustained attention, which are essential for supporting cognitive development and learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Chiu
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Monash School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Frances C Lewis
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Monash School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Reeva Ashton
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Kim M Cornish
- Monash School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Katherine A Johnson
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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Dubbelman MA, Sanchez J, Schultz AP, Rentz DM, Amariglio RE, Sikkes SAM, Sperling RA, Johnson KA, Marshall GA. Everyday Functioning and Entorhinal and Inferior Temporal Tau Burden in Cognitively Normal Older Adults. J Prev Alzheimers Dis 2022; 9:801-808. [PMID: 36281685 DOI: 10.14283/jpad.2022.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Performance of cognitively complex "instrumental activities of daily living" (IADL) has previously been related to amyloid deposition in preclinical Alzheimer's disease. OBJECTIVES We aimed to investigate the relationship between IADL performance and cerebral tau accumulation in cognitively normal older adults. DESIGN Cross-sectional. SETTING Data was collected in the Anti-Amyloid Treatment in Asymptomatic Alzheimer's (A4) and Longitudinal Evaluation of Amyloid Risk and Neurodegeneration (LEARN) studies. PARTICIPANTS Participants (n = 447, age 71.9±4.9 years, 57.5% female) who underwent tau positron emission tomography were selected from the A4 and LEARN studies. MEASUREMENTS IADL performance was measured using the self- and study partner-reported versions of the Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study Activities of Daily Living - Prevention Instrument (ADCS ADL-PI). We also investigated discordance between participants and their study partners. Cross-sectional associations between entorhinal and inferior temporal tau (independent variables) and ADCS ADL-PI total scores, item-level scores and discordance (dependent variables) were investigated in linear and logistic regressions. Analyses were adjusted for age, sex and education and a tau by amyloid interaction was also included. RESULTS Participants and their study partners reported high levels of IADL performance. Entorhinal and inferior temporal tau were related to study partner but not to self-reported total ADCS ADL-PI scores. The association was not retained after adjustment for global cerebral amyloid burden. At the item level, greater entorhinal tau was associated with study partner-reported difficulties remembering important dates (odds ratio (OR) = 1.24, 95% confidence interval (95%CI) = [1.06, 1.45], p = 0.008) and difficulties remembering the details of TV programs and movies (OR = 1.32, 95%CI = [1.08, 1.61], p = 0.007). Greater inferior temporal tau was associated with self-reported difficulties managing to find personal belongings (OR = 1.23, 95%CI = [1.04, 1.46], p = 0.018) and study partner-reported difficulties remembering the details of TV programs and movies (OR = 1.39, 95%CI = [1.11, 1.75], p = 0.005). Discordance between participant and study partner-report was more likely with greater entorhinal (OR = 1.18, 95%CI = [1.05, 1.33], p = 0.005) and inferior temporal tau burden (OR = 1.29, 95%CI = [1.10, 1.51], p = 0.002). DISCUSSION We found a cross-sectional relationship between study partner-reported everyday functioning and tau in cognitively normal older adults. Participants were more likely to self-report difficulties differently from their study partners when tau burden was higher. This may hint at an altered early-disease awareness of functional changes and underscores the importance of self-report of IADL functioning in addition to collateral report by a study partner.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Dubbelman
- Gad A. Marshall, MD, Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 60 Fenwood Road, 9016P, Boston, MA 02115, P: 617-732-8085, F: 617-264-6831, E:
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Yaari R, Holdridge KC, Choi J, Donohue MC, Kantarci K, Jack CR, Zuk SM, Sims JR, Johnson KA, Aisen PS, Sperling RA. Amyloid-Related Imaging Abnormalities and Other MRI Findings in a Cognitively Unimpaired Population With and Without Cerebral Amyloid. J Prev Alzheimers Dis 2022; 9:617-624. [PMID: 36281665 PMCID: PMC10966506 DOI: 10.14283/jpad.2022.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Screening data from the Anti-Amyloid Treatment in Asymptomatic Alzheimer's Disease (A4) and Longitudinal Evaluation of Amyloid Risk and Neurodegeneration (LEARN) studies provide a unique opportunity to compare magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings such as amyloid-related imaging abnormalities (ARIA) in cognitively unimpaired elderly with and without elevated cerebral amyloid. OBJECTIVES To compare screening MRI findings, such as ARIA, in the cognitively unimpaired potential participants of a clinical trial with and without elevated cerebral amyloid. DESIGN Cross-sectional analysis of structural MRI findings in screening data from the A4 and LEARN studies. SETTING The A4 Study is a multi-center international clinical trial. The LEARN Study is a multi center observational study in the United States. PARTICIPANTS Clinically normal older adults (65-85 years) with elevated cerebral amyloid (Aβ+; n = 1250, A4) and without elevated cerebral amyloid (Aβ-; n = 538, LEARN). MEASUREMENTS Participants underwent florbetapir positron emission tomography for Aβ+/- classification. A centrally read 3T MRI to assess for study eligibility was conducted on study qualified MRI scanners. RESULTS No ARIA-effusions (ARIA-E) was detected on screening MRI in the Aβ+ or Aβ- cohorts. At least one ARIA-H (microhemorrhages [MCH] or superficial siderosis [SS]) was present in 18% of the Aβ+ cohort compared with 8% in Aβ- (P < 0.001). In the Aβ+ cohort, approximately 2% of screening MRIs demonstrated MCH ≥4 compared with 0% in Aβ-. The presence of two apolipoprotein E ε4 (APOEε4) alleles (vs no ε4 alleles) in the Aβ+ cohort increased the odds for presence of MCH (odds ratio [OR] = 2.03; 95% CI, 1.23 to 3.27, P = 0.004). Cortical infarctions (4% vs 0%) and subcortical infarctions (10% vs 1%) were observed at statistically significantly higher prevalence in the Aβ+ cohort compared with Aβ- (P < 0.001). Females showed reduced odds of MCH in the Aβ+ cohort by a factor of 0.63 (95% CI, 0.47 to 0.84, P = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS ARIA-E is rare in cognitively unimpaired Aβ+ and Aβ- populations prior to anti-amyloid drug intervention. ARIA-H in Aβ+ was greater than in Aβ- populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Yaari
- Roy Yaari, Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA, , +1 317-416-0872
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18
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Snow SM, Matkowskyj KA, Maresh M, Clipson L, Vo TN, Johnson KA, Deming DA, Newton MA, Grady WM, Pickhardt PJ, Halberg RB. Validation of genetic classifiers derived from mouse and human tumors to identify molecular subtypes of colorectal cancer. Hum Pathol 2022; 119:1-14. [PMID: 34655611 PMCID: PMC9936405 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2021.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer death in the United States. Standard treatment for advanced-stage CRC for decades has included 5-fluorouracil-based chemotherapy. More recently, targeted therapies for metastatic CRC are being used based on the individual cancer's molecular profile. In the past few years, several different molecular subtype schemes for human CRC have been developed. The molecular subtypes can be distinguished by gene expression signatures and have the potential to be used to guide treatment decisions. However, many subtyping classification methods were developed using mRNA expression levels of hundreds to thousands of genes, making them impractical for clinical use. In this study, we assessed whether an immunohistochemical approach could be used for molecular subtyping of CRCs. We validated two previously published, independent sets of immunohistochemistry classifiers and modified the published methods to improve the accuracy of the scoring methods. In addition, we evaluated whether protein and genetic signatures identified originally in the mouse were linked to clinical outcomes of patients with CRC. We found that low DDAH1 or low GAL3ST2 protein levels in human CRCs correlate with poor patient outcomes. The results of this study have the potential to impact methods for determining the prognosis and therapy selection for patients with CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santina M. Snow
- Department of Oncology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA, 53705
| | - Kristina A. Matkowskyj
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA, 53705,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA, 53705,William S. Middleton VA Medical Center, Madison, Wisconsin, USA, 53705
| | - Morgan Maresh
- Department of Oncology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA, 53705
| | - Linda Clipson
- Department of Oncology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA, 53705
| | - Tien N. Vo
- Department of Statistics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA, 53706,Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA, 53792,Present address: StataCorp LLC, College Station, Texas 77845
| | | | - Dustin A. Deming
- Department of Oncology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA, 53705,Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA, 53705,Division of Hematology, Medical Oncology, and Palliative Care, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA, 53705
| | - Michael A. Newton
- Department of Statistics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA, 53706,Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA, 53792
| | - William M. Grady
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA 98109,Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA 98109,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Perry J. Pickhardt
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA, 53705
| | - Richard B. Halberg
- Department of Oncology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA, 53705,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA, 53705, Corresponding author Richard B. Halberg, Ph.D., Departments of Medicine and Oncology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA Phone: 608-263-8433
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19
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Amariglio RE, Sikkes SAM, Marshall GA, Buckley RF, Gatchel JR, Johnson KA, Rentz DM, Donohue MC, Raman R, Sun CK, Yaari R, Holdridge KC, Sims JR, Grill JD, Aisen PS, Sperling RA. Item-Level Investigation of Participant and Study Partner Report on the Cognitive Function Index from the A4 Study Screening Data. J Prev Alzheimers Dis 2021; 8:257-262. [PMID: 34101781 PMCID: PMC8240963 DOI: 10.14283/jpad.2021.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Greater subjective cognitive changes on the Cognitive Function Index (CFI) was previously found to be associated with elevated amyloid (Aß) status in participants screening for the A4 Study, reported by study partners and the participants themselves. While the total score on the CFI related to amyloid for both sources respectively, potential differences in the specific types of cognitive changes reported by either participants or their study partners was not investigated. OBJECTIVES To determine the specific types of subjective cognitive changes endorsed by participants and their study partners that are associated with amyloid status in individuals screening for an AD prevention trial. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS Four thousand four hundred and eighty-six cognitively unimpaired (CDR=0; MMSE 25-30) participants (ages 65-85) screening for the A4 Study completed florbetapir (Aß) Positron Emission Tomography (PET) imaging. Participants were classified as elevated amyloid (Aß+; n=1323) or non-elevated amyloid (Aß-; n=3163). MEASUREMENTS Prior to amyloid PET imaging, subjective report of changes in cognitive functioning were measured using the CFI (15 item questionnaire; Yes/Maybe/No response options) and administered separately to both participants and their study partners (i.e., a family member or friend in regular contact with the participant). The impact of demographic factors on CFI report was investigated. For each item of the CFI, the relationship between Aß and CFI response was investigated using an ordinal mixed effects model for participant and study partner report. RESULTS Independent of Aß status, participants were more likely to report 'Yes' or 'Maybe' compared to the study partners for nearly all CFI items. Older age (r= 0.06, p<0.001) and lower education (r=-0.08, p<0.001) of the participant were associated with higher CFI. Highest coincident odds ratios related to Aß+ for both respondents included items assessing whether 'a substantial decline in memory' had occurred in the last year (ORsp= 1.35 [95% CI 1.11, 1.63]; ORp= 1.55 [95% CI 1.34, 1.79]) and whether the participant had 'seen a doctor about memory' (ORsp= 1.56 [95% CI 1.25, 1.95]; ORp =1.71 [95% CI 1.37, 2.12]). For two items, associations were significant for only study partner report; whether the participant 'Repeats questions' (ORsp = 1.30 [95% CI 1.07, 1.57]) and has 'trouble following the news' (ORsp= 1.46[95% CI 1.12, 1.91]). One question was significant only for participant report; 'trouble driving' (ORp= 1.25 [95% CI 1.04, 1.49]). CONCLUSIONS Elevated Aβ is associated with greater reporting of subjective cognitive changes as measured by the CFI in this cognitively unimpaired population. While participants were more likely than study partners to endorse change on most CFI items, unique CFI items were associated with elevated Aß for participants and their study partners, supporting the value of both sources of information in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- R E Amariglio
- R.E. Amariglio, Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA,
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20
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Thomson P, Johnson KA, Malpas CB, Efron D, Sciberras E, Silk TJ. Head Motion During MRI Predicted by out-of-Scanner Sustained Attention Performance in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. J Atten Disord 2021; 25:1429-1440. [PMID: 32189534 DOI: 10.1177/1087054720911988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To characterize head movements in children with ADHD using an ex-Gaussian distribution and examine associations with out-of-scanner sustained attention. Method: Fifty-six children with ADHD and 61 controls aged 9 to 11 years completed the Sustained Attention to Response Task (SART) and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). In-scanner head motion was calculated using ex-Gaussian estimates for mu, sigma, and tau in delta variation signal and framewise displacement. Sustained attention was evaluated through omission errors and tau in response time on the SART. Results: Mediation analysis revealed that out-of-scanner attention lapses (omissions during the SART) mediated the relationship between ADHD diagnosis and in-scanner head motion (tau in delta variation signal), indirect effect: B = 1.29, 95% confidence interval (CI) = [0.07, 3.15], accounting for 29% of the association. Conclusion: Findings suggest a critical link between trait-level sustained attention and infrequent large head movements during scanning (tau in head motion) and highlight fundamental challenges in measuring the neural basis of sustained attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phoebe Thomson
- The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Charles B Malpas
- The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Daryl Efron
- The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Emma Sciberras
- The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
| | - Timothy J Silk
- The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
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21
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Burrows EL, May C, Hill T, Churliov L, Johnson KA, Hannan AJ. Mice with an autism-associated R451C mutation in neuroligin-3 show a cautious but accurate response style in touchscreen attention tasks. Genes Brain Behav 2021; 21:e12757. [PMID: 34085373 PMCID: PMC9744539 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
One of the earliest identifiable features of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is altered attention. Mice expressing the ASD-associated R451C mutation in synaptic adhesion protein neuroligin-3 (NL3) exhibit impaired reciprocal social interactions and repetitive and restrictive behaviours. The role of this mutation in attentional abnormalities has not been established. We assessed attention in male NL3R451C mice using two well-established tasks in touchscreen chambers. In the 5-choice serial reaction task, rodents were trained to attend to light stimuli that appear in any one of five locations. While no differences between NL3R451C and WT mice were seen in accuracy or omissions, slower response times and quicker reward collection latencies were seen across all training and probe trials. In the rodent continuous-performance test, animals were required to discriminate, and identify a visual target pattern over multiple distractor stimuli. NL3R451C mice displayed enhanced ability to attend to stimuli when task-load was low during training and baseline but lost this advantage when difficulty was increased by altering task parameters in probe trials. NL3R451C mice made less responses to the distractor stimuli, exhibiting lower false alarm rates during all training stages and in probe trials. Slower response times and quicker reward latencies were consistently seen in NL3R451C mice in the rCPT. Slower response times are a major cognitive phenotype reported in ASD patients and are indicative of slower processing speed. Enhanced attention has been shown in a subset of ASD patients and we have demonstrated this phenotype also exists in the NL3R451C mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma L. Burrows
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
| | - Carlos May
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
| | - Thomas Hill
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
| | - Leonid Churliov
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental HealthHeidelbergVictoriaAustralia
| | - Katherine A. Johnson
- School of Psychological SciencesUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
| | - Anthony J. Hannan
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia,Department of Anatomy and NeuroscienceUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
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22
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Johnson KA, Emmerich PB, Lippert AL, Pasch CA, Clipson L, Zhang W, Matkowskyj KA, Deming DA. Abstract 2734: Impact of the mutation profile and versican status on lymphocyte infiltration in early age onset colorectal cancer. Cancer Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2021-2734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: The incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) in those of pre-screening age continues to rise. A deeper understanding of the differences in tumor biology in early age onset (EAO) cancers is needed. Differences in the tumor microenvironment have been understudied in this setting. We previously have identified versican (VCAN), a large matrix proteoglycan, as an important factor in lymphocyte exclusion in CRC. Here we explore the impact of the mutation profile and VCAN status on the infiltration of CD8+ and CD4+ lymphocytes in EAO CRC.
Methods: Cancer tissues from 153 patients with CRC were stained via immunohistochemistry for CD4, CD8, and VCAN. CD4 and CD8 stains were quantified by number of positive-staining tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes per high powered field (TILs/HPF). VCAN stains were quantified on an intensity scale from 0-3+. 121 of these patients had tissue that was sequenced using the Qiagen Comprehensive Cancer targeted sequencing panel, and variations were called using Strelka. Patients were split by age into early-onset (EAO; age at diagnosis <50) and later-onset (LAO; age at diagnosis 50 or later).
Results: Mutations in BRAF and APC were significantly more common in LAO cancers (p<0.05 for both). TP53 mutations were correlated with significantly lower CD4+ and CD8+ TILs/HPF in the LAO cohort (12.6 CD4+ TILs/HPF for TP53-wild type [WT] vs 3.5 for TP53-mutant, p<0.001; 10.0 CD8+ TILs/HPF for WT vs 3.2 for mutant, p<0.01), but trended opposite, though not statistically significant, in the EAO group (2.4 vs 5.9 CD4+ TILs/HPF; 3.0 vs 5.9 CD8+ TILs/HPF). PIK3CA mutations were correlated with an increase in CD8+ TILs in the LAO cohort (5.3 vs 11.9 CD8+ TILs/HPF; p<0.05) but a decrease in CD4+ TILs in the EAO cohort (4.9 vs 0.8 CD4+ TILs/HPF; p<0.05). TP53-WT tumors are disproportionately low in VCAN in the LAO cohort (p<0.01). Differences in VCAN accumulation could account for the changes in CD8+ and CD4+ T lymphocyte infiltration across the age cohorts and TP53 mutation status.
Conclusions: The impacts of TP53 and PIK3CA mutations on immune infiltration in CRC differ in EAO compared to later onset cancers, indicating that the processes controlling immune infiltration vary between age cohorts. Such differences in immune infiltration may be linked to changes in microenvironmental factors such as VCAN. These data warrant further investigation into the relationship between tumor microenvironment and mutation profiles in EAO CRC.
Citation Format: Katherine A. Johnson, Philip B. Emmerich, Anna L. Lippert, Cheri A. Pasch, Linda Clipson, Wei Zhang, Kristina A. Matkowskyj, Dustin A. Deming. Impact of the mutation profile and versican status on lymphocyte infiltration in early age onset colorectal cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr 2734.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Wei Zhang
- University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI
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23
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Lippert A, Johnson KA, Emmerich PB, Pasch CA, Clipson L, Matkowskyi KA, Zhang W, Deming DA. Abstract 3166: Impact of cancer associated fibroblast phenotypes on the infiltration of t-lymphocytes in early age onset colorectal cancer. Cancer Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2021-3166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Incidences of early age onset colorectal cancer (CRC) (those diagnosed before age 50) have been increasing by 2% every year since the 1990s, with the rate expecting to double by 2030. Although there has been some research done on differences in mutational profiles between patients diagnosed before and after age 50, little research has been done to understand the immune and stromal environments of early age onset (EAO) CRC. As identified by previous literature, there are two distinct phenotypes of cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs): myofibroblastic (myCAFs) and non-myofibroblastic (non-myCAFs). Here, we evaluate both CAF environments as well as immune infiltrating cells in context of EAO CRC.
Methods: A total of 153 CRC patient samples were obtained with matching adjacent normal tissue. Of these, 60 patients had EAO CRC. Tissue slides were stained via immunohistochemistry (IHC) for the CAF subtype markers αSMA, FAP, PDPN, and MMP2, by Masson's Trichrome for collagen, and then quantified on an intensity scale from 0-3. MyCAF and non-myCAF scores were calculated by averaging the scores of αSMA and collagen, or FAP, PDPN, and MMP2, respectively. Once these scores were determined, they were split into low (average score <2) and high (average score ≥2) groups. CD4 and CD8 IHC stains were quantified as the number of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) per high power field (HPF) in the epithelial compartment.
Results: Cancers with a low myCAF and non-myCAF score display the highest average number of CD4+ (10.6) and CD8+ (10.3) TILs across both age groups. Furthermore, cancers with both myCAF and non-myCAF high scores had reduced average CD4+ and CD8+ TILs when compared to both CAF scores being low (p value: 0.018 for CD8+ TILs, <0.001 for CD4+ TILs). Also, cancers that show myCAF high and non-myCAF low scores show the overall lowest average CD8+ TILs. Comparing the age groups directly, there are significantly higher CD4+ TILs in the 50+ age group in all CAF phenotypes except non-myCAF high (p-values 0.01 myCAF low, 0.05 myCAF high, 0.007 non-myCAF low, 0.36 non-myCAF high). However, for CD8+ TILs, the EAO CRC group trends towards higher CD8+ TILs in the myCAF high (3.7 vs 2.1) and non-myCAF high cancers (5.7 vs 3.3), but lower CD8+ TILs in myCAF low (6.8 vs 10.5) and non-myCAF low cancers (4.0 vs 8.4) when compared to the 50+ age group.
Conclusions: Here we demonstrate that there are differences in the stromal and immune microenvironments between both age groups of CRC. We indicate that increased myCAF and non-myCAF scores are associated with T cell exclusion. However, the extent of T cell exclusion is different in EAO CRC compared to patients diagnosed after age 50. The reasoning for the difference in T-cell exclusion remains unknown and this implicates the importance for further research into the stromal and immune microenvironments of EAO CRC.
Citation Format: Anna Lippert, Katherine A. Johnson, Philip B. Emmerich, Cheri A. Pasch, Linda Clipson, Kristina A. Matkowskyi, Wei Zhang, Dustin A. Deming. Impact of cancer associated fibroblast phenotypes on the infiltration of t-lymphocytes in early age onset colorectal cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr 3166.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Wei Zhang
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
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24
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Richmond S, Beare R, Johnson KA, Allen NB, Seal ML, Whittle S. Towards understanding neurocognitive mechanisms of parenting: Maternal behaviors and structural brain network organization in late childhood. Hum Brain Mapp 2021; 42:1845-1862. [PMID: 33528857 PMCID: PMC7978130 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A substantial body of knowledge suggests that exposure to adverse family environments - including violence and neglect - influences many aspects of brain development. Relatively less attention has been directed toward the influence of "normative" differences in parenting behaviors. Given the rapid brain reorganization during late childhood, parenting behaviors are particularly likely to impact the structure of the brain during this time. This study investigated associations between maternal parenting behaviors and the organization of structural brain networks in late childhood, as measured by structural covariance. One hundred and forty-five typically developing 8-year-olds and their mothers completed questionnaire measures and two observed interaction tasks; magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans were obtained from the children. Measures of maternal negative, positive, and communicative behavior were derived from the interaction tasks. Structural covariance networks based on partial correlations between cortical thickness estimates were constructed and estimates of modularity were obtained using graph theoretical analysis. High levels of negative maternal behavior were associated with low modularity. Minimal support was found for an association between positive maternal behaviors and modularity and between maternal communicative behaviors and modularity. Our findings suggest that variation in negative maternal behavior is associated with the structural organization of brain networks in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally Richmond
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Richard Beare
- Department of Developmental Imaging, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Katherine A Johnson
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nicholas B Allen
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA
| | - Marc L Seal
- Department of Developmental Imaging, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department for Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sarah Whittle
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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25
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Abstract
In the wake of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, U.S. organizations that provide applied behavior analysis (ABA) programs to individuals with autism spectrum disorder have implemented a variety of safety precautions to minimize the spread of the virus, often shifting center-based services to the home or telehealth. Considered essential workers, ABA providers are exempt from government directives to close, so they have both the freedom and the great responsibility to make their own decisions about how best to keep their clients safe while continuing to provide medically necessary services. In the coming weeks and months, ABA providers will be faced with the decision about whether to reopen centers. This article does not address that decision, except to acknowledge the urgency to reopen, both to help clients and to remain solvent. Political rhetoric and contradictory public information further complicate this daunting decision. Because ABA providers do not have legal guidance to shift the burden of such decisions to local and state regulators, the burden is theirs alone. The unprecedented nature of the COVID-19 pandemic means that no decision is clearly wrong or right, and every decision has consequences. Although ABA providers do not have their own state guidance, many states have issued guidelines for childcare providers whose operations have continued throughout the pandemic. This article analyzes that guidance, identifies common variables potentially relevant to ABA organizations, highlights clinical considerations and procedural compliance, and provides ABA organizations with the tools to make the best decision for their clients, in their community, and on their timeline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Kornack
- Center for Autism and Related Disorders, 21600 Oxnard St., 18th floor, Woodland Hills, CA 91367 USA
| | | | | | - Eileen M. Mendes
- Massachusetts Coalition of ABA Providers (MassCAP), Boston, MA USA
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26
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Johnson KA, Emmerich PB, Pasch CA, Clipson L, Matkowskyj KA, Deming DA. Abstract 5110: Cancer-associated fibroblast phenotypes vary across colorectal cancers and correlate with CD8+ T-cell infiltration. Cancer Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2020-5110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) play an important role in the tumor microenvironment (TME). This has been correlated with changes in cancer biology, including tumor progression and treatment response. CAFs exhibit divergent phenotypes differentiated by their expression profiles and function. Across cancer types, two CAF subsets have been consistently identified: myofibroblastic and non-myofibroblastic. Here we examine podoplanin (PDPN), α-smooth muscle actin (αSMA), and collagen as potential CAF subtype markers in the stromal compartment of colorectal cancers (CRCs). These markers were compared with versican (VCAN), an immunoregulatory proteoglycan associated with an immune excluded TME.
METHODS: A tissue microarray containing representative tumor and normal tissue from 122 CRC patients was stained using Masson's Trichrome (collagen) or immunohistochemistry for αSMA, PDPN, VCAN and versikine (Vkine, a proteolytic fragment of VCAN). Quantification of the stains (0 to 3+) was performed by at least two observers in consultation with a surgical pathologist. Smooth muscle from the muscularis propria was excluded from quantification in the αSMA stain. CD8 staining was quantified as the number of tumor infiltrating CD8+ lymphocytes (TILs) per high power field (HPF). Separate tissue cores were sequenced for 107 of these patients using the Qiagen Comprehensive Cancer Panel. Mutations were identified using Strelka; SNPs and indels were cross-referenced to ClinVar.
RESULTS: Stromal staining for αSMA, PDPN, and collagen varied across CRC sections. The abundance and intensity of staining was independent of disease stage. Those cancers with 3+ collagen or αSMA had reduced TILs (collagen 0-1+: 8.0 TILs/HPF vs 2-3+: 3.0, p=0.02; αSMA 0-1+: 7.4 vs 2-3+: 3.6, p=0.04). There was a similar trend observed for PDPN (0-1+: 6.5 vs 2-3+: 3.5, p=0.1). VCAN proteolysis predominant (VPP; VCAN 0-1+ and Vkine 2-3+) samples, previously reported to associate with higher CD8+ TILs, had lower collagen vs VCAN proteolytic weak (VPW; mean collagen score 1.6 vs 2.2, p=0.002) and lower αSMA (VPP: 1.7 vs VPW: 2.1, p=0.02). PDPN was not associated with proteolysis (p=0.4). In VPP tumors, stromal marker abundance did not correlate with CD8+ TILs; however, in VPW tumors, CD8+ TILs were higher in low PDPN (4.1 vs 1.5 TILs/HPF, p = 0.02) and low αSMA tumors (4.8 vs 1.6; p = 0.009). The trend was similar for low collagen tumors (3.7 vs 1.9, p = 0.1). Collagen was more abundant in TP53-mutant cancers (p=0.03, Chi-Square Test).
CONCLUSIONS: The stromal microenvironment of CRC is highly variable across patients with diverse CAF densities and phenotypes. The makeup of this microenvironment has potential clinical impacts, as it correlates with immune cell infiltration. Further investigation into CAF biology in the TME could reveal therapeutic targets to alter immune surveillance of cancers.
Citation Format: Katherine A. Johnson, Philip B. Emmerich, Cheri A. Pasch, Linda Clipson, Kristina A. Matkowskyj, Dustin A. Deming. Cancer-associated fibroblast phenotypes vary across colorectal cancers and correlate with CD8+ T-cell infiltration [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 5110.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Dustin A. Deming
- 2University of Wisconsin - Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
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Sunil A, Kratz JD, Makkar SK, Rehman S, Gillette AA, Johnson KA, Pasch CA, Clipson L, Matkowskyj KA, Skala MC, Deming DA. Abstract 1494: Etiologies of patient-derived colorectal cancer organoid growth heterogeneity across multiple patient samples and culture conditions. Cancer Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2020-1494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Patient-derived cancer organoids (PDCOs) are emerging as an in vitro model to recapitulate the molecular and phenotypic features of colorectal cancer (CRC). Heterogeneity in established CRC PDCOs has been observed in the underlying molecular profiles and growth characteristics at the individual organoid level. Here, we present a dedicated assessment of individual organoid growth as a function of experimental culture parameters.
Methods: CRC PDCO cultures were established from patient biopsy/resection specimens following patient consent to an IRB-approved protocol. Growth was assessed by relative change in diameter at 48h. Baseline size was compared to relative growth at 48h using coefficient of determination (R). Interquartile sets were compared by effect size of Glass's Delta (GΔ) to compare change difference in average growth normalized to standard deviation and defined with significance 1.0. Impact of density was assessed by manual count of spheroids and lines plated across varied densities and compared to 48h relative growth. Growth rates were compared as both absolute and relative passage number.
Results: 22 unique cultures were established from fresh tissue and representative of CRC including pathologic alterations in APC, KRAS, NRAS, BRAF, PIK3CA TP53, MTOR and PTEN. Pairwise spheres were assessed at baseline and 48h for analysis (n=1714) with mean relative growth rate of 27.1% (range -40.0, 156.2%). Baseline size did not predict relative growth at 48h (R=0.023) with insignificant interquartile effect size [0.10, 0.07, 0.32]. Replicates (n=63) across a range of passages [1, 36] including line-specific relative passage number [0-14] did not predict change in relative growth (R<0.001) with insignificant interquartile effect size [-0.02, 0.15, 0.19]. Fields of view (n=135) were assessed for absolute sphere number [1, 72]. Increased sphere density across cultures also did not predict change in relative growth (R=0.002) with insignificant interquartile effect size [-0.29, -0.32, -0.29]. Two individual cultures were assessed for the impact of density on respective growth without significance at relative plating ratios of 1:5 (GΔ=-0.52, 0.42), 1:10 (GΔ=-0.63, 0.07), and 1:50 (GΔ=-0.40, 0.12).
Conclusions: Following culture maturation, CRC PDCOs have heterogeneous growth rates at the organoid level. These studies demonstrate that the growth rate is independent of baseline organoid size, passage number, or culture plating density. Understanding the effect of culture variation helps to define meaningful population effects in response and resistance to therapy and supports the translation of this technology as a future predictive biomarker.
Citation Format: Aishwarya Sunil, Jeremy D. Kratz, Sarbjeet K. Makkar, Suhjah Rehman, Amani A. Gillette, Katherine A. Johnson, Cheri A. Pasch, Linda Clipson, Kristina A. Matkowskyj, Melissa C. Skala, Dustin A. Deming. Etiologies of patient-derived colorectal cancer organoid growth heterogeneity across multiple patient samples and culture conditions [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 1494.
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Borkowski LF, Craig TA, Stricklin OE, Johnson KA, Nichols NL. 5-HT2A/B receptor expression in the phrenic motor nucleus in a rat model of ALS (SOD1 G93A). Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2020; 279:103471. [PMID: 32504811 PMCID: PMC7384973 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2020.103471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Despite respiratory motor neuron death, ventilation is preserved in SOD1G93A rats. Compensatory respiratory plasticity may counterbalance the loss of these neurons. Phrenic long-term facilitation (pLTF; a form of respiratory plasticity) in naïve rats is 5-HT2 and NADPH oxidase-dependent. Furthermore, 5-HT2A, not 5-HT2B, receptor-induced phrenic motor facilitation is NADPH oxidase-independent in naïve rats. pLTF is NADPH oxidase-dependent in pre-symptomatic, but not end-stage, SOD1G93A rats. Here, we hypothesized that in the putative phrenic motor nucleus (PMN) of SOD1G93A rats vs. wild-type littermates: 1) pre-symptomatic rats would have greater 5-HT2B receptor expression that decreases at end-stage; and 2) 5-HT2A receptor expression would increase from pre-symptomatic to end-stage. Putative PMN 5-HT2A receptor expression was reduced when comparing across (but not within) pre-symptomatic vs. end-stage groups (p < 0.05). In contrast, putative PMN 5-HT2B receptor expression was increased when comparing across pre-symptomatic vs. end-stage groups, and within end-stage groups (p < 0.05). These data suggest a potential role for 5-HT2 receptors in pLTF and breathing in SOD1G93A rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren F Borkowski
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States
| | - Taylor A Craig
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States
| | - Olivia E Stricklin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States
| | - Katherine A Johnson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States
| | - Nicole L Nichols
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States.
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Lind LA, Andel EM, McCall AL, Dhindsa JS, Johnson KA, Stricklin OE, Mueller C, ElMallah MK, Lever TE, Nichols NL. Intralingual Administration of AAVrh10-miR SOD1 Improves Respiratory But Not Swallowing Function in a Superoxide Dismutase-1 Mouse Model of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Hum Gene Ther 2020; 31:828-838. [PMID: 32498636 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2020.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal disease characterized by degeneration of motor neurons and muscles, and death is usually a result of impaired respiratory function due to loss of motor neurons that control upper airway muscles and/or the diaphragm. Currently, no cure for ALS exists and treatments to date do not significantly improve respiratory or swallowing function. One cause of ALS is a mutation in the superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD1) gene; thus, reducing expression of the mutated gene may slow the progression of the disease. Our group has been studying the SOD1G93A transgenic mouse model of ALS that develops progressive respiratory deficits and dysphagia. We hypothesize that solely treating the tongue in SOD1 mice will preserve respiratory and swallowing function, and it will prolong survival. At 6 weeks of age, 11 SOD1G93A mice (both sexes) received a single intralingual injection of gene therapy (AAVrh10-miRSOD1). Another 29 mice (both sexes) were divided into two control groups: (1) 12 SOD1G93A mice that received a single intralingual vehicle injection (saline); and (2) 17 non-transgenic littermates. Starting at 13 weeks of age, plethysmography (respiratory parameters) at baseline and in response to hypoxia (11% O2) + hypercapnia (7% CO2) were recorded and videofluoroscopic swallow study testing were performed twice monthly until end-stage disease. Minute ventilation during hypoxia + hypercapnia and mean inspiratory flow at baseline were significantly reduced (p < 0.05) in vehicle-injected, but not AAVrh10-miRSOD1-injected SOD1G93A mice as compared with wild-type mice. In contrast, swallowing function was unchanged by AAVrh10-miRSOD1 treatment (p > 0.05). AAVrh10-miRSOD1 injections also significantly extended survival in females by ∼1 week. In conclusion, this study indicates that intralingual AAVrh10-miRSOD1 treatment preserved respiratory (but not swallowing) function potentially via increasing upper airway patency, and it is worthy of further exploration as a possible therapy to preserve respiratory capacity in ALS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lori A Lind
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Ellyn M Andel
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Angela L McCall
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Justin S Dhindsa
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Katherine A Johnson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Olivia E Stricklin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Christian Mueller
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mai K ElMallah
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Teresa E Lever
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Nicole L Nichols
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA.,Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
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Johnson KA, Lewis FC, Cornish KM. A child-focused version of the Attention Network Task designed to investigate interactions between the attention networks, including the endogenous orienting network. Child Neuropsychol 2019; 26:666-690. [DOI: 10.1080/09297049.2019.1702635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A. Johnson
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Frances C. Lewis
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Monash School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Kim M. Cornish
- Monash School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
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Machida K, Murias M, Johnson KA. Electrophysiological Correlates of Response Time Variability During a Sustained Attention Task. Front Hum Neurosci 2019; 13:363. [PMID: 31680915 PMCID: PMC6803451 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2019.00363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Individuals with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) tend to perform cognitive tasks with greater Response Time Variability (RTV). Greater RTV in ADHD may be due to inefficient functional connectivity of the brain during information processing. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between brain connectivity, RTV, and levels of ADHD symptoms. Twenty-eight children aged 9–12 years and 49 adolescents aged 15–18 years performed the Sustained Attention to Response Task (SART) while EEG was recorded. The participants’ levels of ADHD symptoms were measured using self- and parent-rated questionnaires. The ex-Gaussian analysis and The Fast Fourier Transform were used to measure multiple aspects of RTV. Functional connectivity between 64 electrodes was computed during task performance, and global efficiency and modularity were calculated, reflecting integration and segregation of the brain, respectively. There was a positive association between multiple RTV measures and the level of ADHD symptoms, where participants with higher levels of ADHD symptoms showed greater RTV, except for sigma from the ex-Gaussian analysis. More efficient brain network activity, measured by global efficiency, was associated with reduced RTV. Children showed greater RTV and less efficient brain network activity compared with the adolescents. These findings support the view that stable responses are achieved with more integrated (and efficient) brain connectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keitaro Machida
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael Murias
- Institute for Innovations in Developmental Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Katherine A Johnson
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Richmond S, Beare R, Johnson KA, Allen NB, Seal ML, Whittle S. Structural covariance networks in children and their associations with maternal behaviors. Neuroimage 2019; 202:115965. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.06.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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Machida K, Johnson KA. Integration and Segregation of the Brain Relate to Stability of Performance in Children and Adolescents with Varied Levels of Inattention and Impulsivity. Brain Connect 2019; 9:711-729. [DOI: 10.1089/brain.2019.0671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Keitaro Machida
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Katherine A. Johnson
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
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Johnson KA, White M, Wong PS, Murrihy C. Aspects of attention and inhibitory control are associated with on-task classroom behaviour and behavioural assessments, by both teachers and parents, in children with high and low symptoms of ADHD. Child Neuropsychol 2019; 26:219-241. [PMID: 31290357 DOI: 10.1080/09297049.2019.1639654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
There is often weak association between performance on cognitive tasks and the behavioural symptoms of ADHD. One possible reason is the use of rating scales rather than direct observations of behaviours. This exploratory study used well established measures of attention and response inhibition with both direct observation and behavioural rating scales to examine these associations. Twenty-two children (mean age 9.6 years) identified by their teachers as displaying high levels of ADHD symptoms, and 22 matched controls (mean age 9.8 years), completed the Fixed and Random Sustained Attention to Response Tasks (SART). Their on-task classroom behaviour was assessed using the ASEBA Direct Observation Form (DOF). ADHD symptoms were also assessed using the Conners 3 Short Form and the SWAN. Children with high symptoms of ADHD performed the SARTs with more errors of commission and were more variable with their responding, and spent less time on-task in the classroom than controls. Performance on the Fixed SART was not associated with on-task classroom behaviour; in contrast three Random SART measures, commission and omission errors, moment-to-moment variability, were negatively associated with on-task classroom behaviour. There were strong associations between the commission error counts on both SARTs and the Teacher SWAN scores, and one of the Parent SWAN scores. The Teacher SWAN scores were associated with on-task classroom behaviour; the Parent SWAN scores were not. These findings provide preliminary evidence of an association between cognitive measures of inhibitory control and some measures of inattention, and both observed behaviour and the ADHD behavioural symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A Johnson
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Maximilian White
- Melbourne Graduate School of Education, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Poh Sum Wong
- Melbourne Graduate School of Education, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Cherée Murrihy
- Melbourne Graduate School of Education, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
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Landry O, Johnson KA, Fleming SJ, Crewther SG, Chouinard PA. A new look at the developmental profile of visual endogenous orienting. J Exp Child Psychol 2019; 183:158-171. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jecp.2019.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Smith JD, Johnson KA, Whittle S, Allen NB, Simmons JG. Measurement of cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone, and testosterone in the hair of children: Preliminary results and promising indications. Dev Psychobiol 2018; 61:962-970. [PMID: 30478964 DOI: 10.1002/dev.21807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Hormone analysis is a valuable tool for understanding how physiology and behavior interact. Cortisol in hair has recently been examined as a measure of longer-term hormone output. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between other androgens in hair and anthropometric measures. In a child sample (n = 114, mean age: 8.5 years, 66 females) levels of cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and testosterone were assayed in the 0-3 cm section proximal to scalp. The 3-6 cm segment within a subsample of female participants (n = 35) was examined and compared. Results showed that testosterone strongly correlated with DHEA, and moderately correlated with cortisol (0-3 cm only). Higher hormone concentrations were present in the 3-6 cm segment. Finally, there was a weak positive association between DHEA and height. The replication of previously identified associations between androgens, particularly testosterone-DHEA, and with developmental measures suggests hair may offer a valid method of hormone measurement for DHEA and testosterone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse D Smith
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Katherine A Johnson
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sarah Whittle
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Julian G Simmons
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Basa RM, Crowley AM, Johnson KA. Neurofibroma of the ulnar nerve in the carpal canal in a dog: treatment by marginal neurectomy. J Small Anim Pract 2018; 61:512-515. [PMID: 30338846 PMCID: PMC7496079 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.12945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral nerve sheath tumours arising in the plexus or peripheral nerves can be treated by limb amputation. There are few reports of these tumours affecting peripheral nerves in the distal regions of the limbs. Here we describe a case of neurofibroma affecting the palmar branch of the ulnar nerve in an Irish setter. Surgical treatment in the region of the carpus by ulnar neurectomy resulted in resolution of chronic thoracic limb lameness. At 11 months following the surgery, clinical examination and MRI did not detect any evidence of recurrence. Neurectomy may be a feasible option for management of selected cases of distally located peripheral nerve sheath tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Basa
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
| | - A M Crowley
- Anapath, PO Box 504, Newport, New South Wales, 2106, Australia
| | - K A Johnson
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
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Richmond S, Schwartz O, Johnson KA, Seal ML, Bray K, Deane C, Sheeber LB, Allen NB, Whittle S. Exploratory Factor Analysis of Observational Parent-Child Interaction Data. Assessment 2018; 27:1758-1776. [PMID: 30221976 DOI: 10.1177/1073191118796557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The majority of studies using observational coding systems for family interaction data derive scales describing family members' behaviors based on rational/theoretical approaches. This study explored an empirical approach to identifying the component structure of parent-child observational data that incorporated the affective context of the interaction. Dyads of 155 typically developing 8-year-olds and their mothers completed questionnaires and two interaction tasks, one each designed to illicit positive and negative interactions. Behaviors were coded based on a modified version of the Family Interaction Macro-coding System. Multiple factor analysis identified four-component solutions for the maternal and child data. For both, two of the components included negative behaviors, one positive behavior, and one communicative behavior. Evidence for the validity of the maternal and child components was demonstrated by associations with child depression and anxiety symptoms and behavioral problems. Preliminary evidence supports an empirical approach to identify context-specific components in parent-child observational data.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Orli Schwartz
- University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Marc L Seal
- University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Camille Deane
- University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Nicholas B Allen
- University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
| | - Sarah Whittle
- University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Abstract
Both time and number can be represented in spatial terms. While their representation in terms of spatial magnitude (distance or size) might be innate, their representation in terms of spatial position (left/right or up/down) is acquired. In Western culture, the mental timeline represents past/future events or short/long duration on the left/right sides of space, respectively. We conducted two developmental studies to pinpoint the age at which the mental timeline for duration begins to be acquired. Children (aged 5–6, 8, or 10 years old) and adults performed temporal bisection tasks in which relative spatial position (left/right) was manipulated by either arrow direction (Experiment 1) and/or lateralized stimulus location (Experiments 1 and 2). Results first confirmed previous findings that the symbolic representation of spatial position conveyed by arrow stimuli influences the perception of duration in older children. Both 8 and 10 year olds judged the duration of leftward arrows to be shorter than that of rightward arrows. We also showed for the first time that as long as position is manipulated in a non-symbolic way by the visual eccentricity of the stimuli, then even 5–6 year olds’ perception of duration is influenced by spatial position. These children judged the duration of left-lateralized stimuli to be shorter than that of either right-lateralized or centrally located stimuli. These data are consistent with the use of a mental timeline for stimulus duration from the age of 5 years old, with short duration being represented on the left side of space and long duration on the right. Nevertheless, the way in which left and right were manipulated determined the age at which spatial position influenced duration judgment: physical spatial location influenced duration perception from the age of 5 years old whereas arrow direction influenced it from the age of 8. This age-related dissociation may reflect distinct developmental trajectories of automatic versus voluntary spatial attentional mechanisms and, more generally highlights the importance of accounting for attentional ability when interpreting results of duration judgment tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer T Coull
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, LNC (UMR 7291), Marseille, France
| | - Katherine A Johnson
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sylvie Droit-Volet
- CNRS, Laboratoire de Psychologie Sociale and Cognitive, UMR 6024, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Asher A, Shabtay A, Cohen-Zinder M, Aharoni Y, Miron J, Agmon R, Halachmi I, Orlov A, Haim A, Tedeschi LO, Carstens GE, Johnson KA, Brosh A. Consistency of feed efficiency ranking and mechanisms associated with inter-animal variation among growing calves. J Anim Sci 2018; 96:990-1009. [PMID: 29385602 PMCID: PMC6093583 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skx045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the possible mechanisms for explaining interanimal variation in efficiency of feed utilization in intact male Holstein calves. Additionally, we examined whether the feed efficiency (FE) ranking of calves (n = 26) changed due to age and/or diet quality. Calves were evaluated during three periods (P1, P2, and P3) while fed a high-quality diet (calculated mobilizable energy [ME] of 11.8 MJ/kg DM) during P1 and P3, and a low-quality diet (calculated ME of 7.7 MJ/kg DM) during P2. The study periods were 84, 119, and 127 d, respectively. Initial ages of the calves in P1, P2, and P3 were 7, 11, and 15 mo, respectively, and initial body weight (BW) were 245, 367, and 458 kg, respectively. Individual dry matter intake (DMI), average daily gain (ADG), diet digestibility, and heat production (HP) were measured in all periods. The measured FE indexes were: residual feed intake (RFI), the gain-to-feed ratio (G:F), residual gain (RG), residual gain and intake (RIG), the ratio of HP-to-ME intake (HP/MEI), and residual heat production (RHP). For statistical analysis, animals' performance data in each period, were ranked by RFI, and categorized into high-, medium-, and low-RFI groups (H-RFI, M-RFI, and L-RFI). RFI was not correlated with in vivo digestibility, age, BW, BCS, or ADG in all three periods. The L-RFI group had lowest DMI, MEI, HP, retained energy (RE), and RE/ADG. Chemical analysis of the longissimus dorsi muscle shows that the L-RFI group had a higher percentage of protein and a lower percentage of fat compared to the H-RFI group. We suggested that the main mechanism separating L- from H-RFI calves is the protein-to-fat ratio in the deposited tissues. When efficiency was related to kg/day (DMI and ADG) and not to daily retained energy, the selected efficient L-RFI calves deposited more protein and less fat per daily gain than less efficient H-RFI calves. However, when the significant greater heat increment and maintenance energy requirement of protein compared to fat deposition in tissue were considered, we could not exclude the hypothesis that variation in efficiency is partly explained by efficient energy utilization. The ranking classification of calves to groups according to their RFI efficiency was independent of diet quality and age.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Asher
- Northern R&D, MIGAL, Galilee Technology Center, Kiryat Shmona, Israel
| | - A Shabtay
- Institute of Animal Science, ARO, Beef Cattle Section, Newe Yaar Resarch Center, Ramat Yishay, Israel
| | - M Cohen-Zinder
- Institute of Animal Science, ARO, Beef Cattle Section, Newe Yaar Resarch Center, Ramat Yishay, Israel
| | - Y Aharoni
- Institute of Animal Science, ARO, Beef Cattle Section, Newe Yaar Resarch Center, Ramat Yishay, Israel
| | - J Miron
- Institute of Animal Science, ARO, Beef Cattle Section, Newe Yaar Resarch Center, Ramat Yishay, Israel
| | - R Agmon
- Institute of Animal Science, ARO, Beef Cattle Section, Newe Yaar Resarch Center, Ramat Yishay, Israel
| | - I Halachmi
- Institute of Agricultural Engineering, ARO, Bet-Dagan, Israel
| | - A Orlov
- Institute of Animal Science, ARO, Beef Cattle Section, Newe Yaar Resarch Center, Ramat Yishay, Israel
| | - A Haim
- University of Haifa, Israeli Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Chronobiology, Haifa, Israel
| | - L O Tedeschi
- Texas A&M University, Department of Animal Science, College Station
| | - G E Carstens
- Texas A&M University, Department of Animal Science, College Station
| | - K A Johnson
- Washington State University, Department of Animal Science, Pullman
| | - A Brosh
- Institute of Animal Science, ARO, Beef Cattle Section, Newe Yaar Resarch Center, Ramat Yishay, Israel
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Lind LA, Johnson KA, McCall AL, Mueller C, Brown RH, Lever TE, Elmallah MK, Nichols NL. Impact of Intralingual AAVrh10‐miRSOD1 Injection on Respiratory Function in SOD1
G93A
Mice. FASEB J 2018. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2018.32.1_supplement.743.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lori A. Lind
- Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMO
| | | | | | - Christian Mueller
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterMA
- Horae Gene Therapy CenterUniversity of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterMA
| | - Robert H. Brown
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterMA
| | - Teresa E. Lever
- Department of OtolaryngologyUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMO
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Showell NN, Jennings JM, Johnson KA, Perin J, Thornton RLJ. Where Children Live: Examining Whether Neighborhood Crime and Poverty Is Associated With Overweight and Obesity Among Low-Income Preschool-Aged Primary Care Patients. Front Pediatr 2018; 6:433. [PMID: 30723710 PMCID: PMC6350678 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2018.00433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Low-income and racial/ethnic minority preschoolers (aged 2-5 years) are disproportionately affected by obesity and its associated health consequences. Individual-level factors (e.g., diet) and environmental factors (e.g., neighborhood conditions) contribute to these disparities. However, there is limited research examining the role of neighborhood factors on obesity risk specifically among high-risk preschoolers. The objectives of this study are to describe the geographic distribution of preschool patients receiving care at two primary care pediatrics clinics affiliated with an academic medical center, and explore whether exposure to neighborhood crime and poverty is associated with obesity risk among this population. Methods: Cross-sectional multilevel study linking clinical administrative data on patient visits between 2007 and 2012 with data from the American Community Survey and the Baltimore City Police Department. Home addresses of 2-5 year-old patients were geocoded to their neighborhood (i.e., census block group) of residence. We used logistic regression to examine the cross-sectional relationship between obesity and overweight and neighborhood-level factors. All analyses were adjusted for age and gender, and stratified by race/ethnicity (Black, Hispanic, and White). Results: The majority of preschool patients lived in moderate or high crime (84%) or high poverty (54%) neighborhoods. A significantly higher proportion of Black preschoolers lived in high poverty neighborhoods compared to White preschoolers (61% vs. 38%, p < 0.001). Among this clinic-based sample of preschoolers, living in high crime or high poverty neighborhoods was not associated with a clinically significant increased odds of overweight or obesity. Conclusions: This study examines the association between neighborhood factors and obesity and overweight among a clinic-based population of low-income racial/ethnic minority preschoolers. The neighborhoods where preschoolers in this sample lived, on average had higher crime counts and poverty than the citywide average for Baltimore. Our findings also suggest that Black preschoolers are exposed to higher levels of neighborhood poverty compared to Whites. While no meaningful association between these neighborhood factors and odds of obesity or overweight was found in this cross-sectional analysis, our findings suggest avenues for future studies informative to the development of clinic-based obesity management interventions aimed at effectively addressing neighborhood contributors to early childhood obesity disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nakiya N Showell
- Division of General Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Jacky M Jennings
- Division of General Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Katherine A Johnson
- Division of General Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Jamie Perin
- Division of General Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Rachel L J Thornton
- Division of General Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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Abstract
Fracture treatment is an old endeavour intended to promote bone healing and to also enable early loading and regain of function in the injured limb. However, in today's clinical routine the healing potential of the initial fracture haematoma is still not fully recognized. The Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Osteosynthesefragen (AO) formed in Switzerland in 1956 formulated four AO principles of fracture treatment which are still valid today. Fracture treatment strategies have continued to evolve further, as for example the relatively new concept of minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO). This MIPO treatment strategy harbours the benefit of an undisturbed original fracture haematoma that supports the healing process. The extent of the supportive effect of this haematoma for the bone healing process has not been considered in clinical practice so far. The rising importance of osteoimmunological aspects in bone healing supports the essential role of the initial haematoma as a source for inflammatory cells that release the cytokine pattern that directs cell recruitment towards the injured tissue. In reviewing the potential benefits of the fracture haematoma, the early development of angiogenic and osteogenic potentials within the haematoma are striking. Removing the haematoma during surgery could negatively influence the fracture healing process. In an ovine open tibial fracture model the haematoma was removed 4 or 7 days after injury and the bone that formed during the first two weeks of healing was significantly reduced in comparison with an undisturbed control. These findings indicate that whenever possible the original haematoma formed upon injury should be conserved during clinical fracture treatment to benefit from the inherent healing potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Schell
- Julius Wolff Institut and Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - G N Duda
- Julius Wolff Institut and Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - A Peters
- Julius Wolff Institut and Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - S Tsitsilonis
- Julius Wolff Institut and Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - K A Johnson
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - K Schmidt-Bleek
- Julius Wolff Institut and Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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Kiser JN, White SN, Johnson KA, Hoff JL, Taylor JF, Neibergs HL. Identification of loci associated with susceptibility to subspecies () tissue infection in cattle. J Anim Sci 2017; 95:1080-1091. [PMID: 28380509 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2016.1152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Johne's disease is a contagious bacterial infection of cattle caused by ssp. (). A previous genome-wide association analysis (GWAA) in Holstein cattle identified QTL on BTA3 and BTA9 that were highly associated (P < 5 × 10) and on BTA1, BTA16, and BTA21 that were moderately associated (P < 5 × 10) with Map tissue infection. The objectives of this study were to validate previous GWAA results in Jersey cattle ( = 57), Holstein cattle from the Pacific Northwest (PNW, = 205) and a combined Holstein population from the PNW and the Northeast (PNW + NE, = 423), and also identify new loci associated with tissue infection. DNA was genotyped using the Illumina BovineSNP50 BeadChip, and the PNW + NE data was also imputed to whole genome sequence level using Run4 of the 1000 Bull Genomes project with Beagle v 4.1 and FImpute. Cases were ileocecal node positive and controls were negative for by quantitative PCR (qPCR). Individuals were removed for SNP call rate < 90%, and SNP were removed for genotype call rate < 90% or minor allele frequency < 1%. For the Jersey, PNW, and PNW + NE, GWAA were conducted using an allelic dosage model. For the PNW and the PNW + NE, an additional efficient mixed-model association eXpedited (EMMAX) analysis was performed using additive, dominance and recessive models. Seven QTL on BTA22 were identified in the Jersey population with the most significant ( = 4.45 × 10) located at 21.7 megabases (Mb). Six QTL were associated in the PNW and the PNW + NE analyses, including a QTL previously identified on BTA16 in the NE population. The most significant locus for the PNW was located on BTA21 at 61 Mb ( = 8.61 × 10) while the most significant locus for the PNW + NE was on BTA12 at 90 Mb ( = 2.33 × 10). No additional QTL were identified with the imputed GWAA. Putative positional candidate genes were identified within 50 kb 5' and 3' of each QTL. Two positional candidate genes were identified in Jersey cattle, 1 identified in the PNW and 8 in the PNW + NE populations. Many identified positional candidate genes are involved in signal transduction, have immunological functions, or have putative functional relevance in entry into host cells. This study supported 2 previously identified SNP within a QTL on BTA16 and identified 16 new QTL, including 2 found in the PNW and the PNW+NE, associated with tissue infection.
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Lewis FC, Reeve RA, Kelly SP, Johnson KA. Corrigendum to “Evidence of substantial development of inhibitory control and sustained attention between 6 and 8 years of age on an unpredictable Go/No-Go task” [J. Exp. Child Psychol. 157 (2017) 66–80]. J Exp Child Psychol 2017; 159:327-328. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jecp.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Lewis FC, Reeve RA, Kelly SP, Johnson KA. Evidence of substantial development of inhibitory control and sustained attention between 6 and 8years of age on an unpredictable Go/No-Go task. J Exp Child Psychol 2017; 157:66-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jecp.2016.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Gomes RA, Busato KC, Ladeira MM, Johnson KA, Galvão MC, Rodrigues AC, Lourençoni D, Chizzotti ML. Technical note: Relationship between infrared thermography and heat production in young bulls. J Anim Sci 2016; 94:1105-9. [PMID: 27065272 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2015-0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The traditional techniques to measure heat production (HP) are calorimetry (direct and indirect) and comparative slaughter. Both methods are expensive and require extensive amounts of time and infrastructure. Infrared thermography (IRT) could be a faster and less expensive alternative to estimate cattle HP. The objective of this project was to evaluate the use of the IRT technique as an indicator of HP in cattle. A total of 24 bulls (12 Nellore and 12 Black Angus) with initial BW of 380 ± 7 kg were used. Initially, 4 animals of each breed were harvested (baseline animals) and simple regressions were developed for each breed from these baseline animals to estimate the initial chemical composition of the remaining bulls. Eight animals of each breed were fed a silage/concentrate diet for ad libitum intake in individual stalls. On the 25th, 50th, and 75th experimental day, infrared thermal images (Fluke Ti 55ft; Fluke Corporation) were taken of each animal's face to access skin and ocular surface temperatures. A metabolism trial was conducted to estimate the ME intake (MEI). After 84 experimental days, the cattle were harvested and retained energy (RE) and HP were calculated. The data were analyzed using the MIXED and REG procedures of SAS adopting a significance level of 0.05. Angus cattle had a greater daily MEI, HP, and skin and eye temperatures than Nellore. We found significant correlations ( ≤ 0.005) between daily HP and maximum ( = 0.65) and average skin temperatures ( = 0.65) and maximum ( = 0.65) and average ocular surface ( = 0.69) temperatures recorded on d 50. Infrared thermography has potential to be used to evaluate HP in cattle.
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Tye C, Johnson KA, Kelly SP, Asherson P, Kuntsi J, Ashwood KL, Azadi B, Bolton P, McLoughlin G. Response time variability under slow and fast-incentive conditions in children with ASD, ADHD and ASD+ADHD. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2016; 57:1414-1423. [PMID: 27465225 PMCID: PMC5132150 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.12608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) show significant behavioural and genetic overlap. Both ADHD and ASD are characterised by poor performance on a range of cognitive tasks. In particular, increased response time variability (RTV) is a promising indicator of risk for both ADHD and ASD. However, it is not clear whether different indices of RTV and changes to RTV according to task conditions are able to discriminate between the two disorders. METHODS Children with ASD (n = 19), ADHD (n = 18), ASD + ADHD (n = 29) and typically developing controls (TDC; n = 26) performed a four-choice RT task with slow-baseline and fast-incentive conditions. Performance was characterised by mean RT (MRT), standard deviation of RT (SD-RT), coefficient of variation (CV) and ex-Gaussian distribution measures of Mu, Sigma and Tau. RESULTS In the slow-baseline condition, categorical diagnoses and trait measures converged to indicate that children with ADHD-only and ASD + ADHD demonstrated increased MRT, SD-RT, CV and Tau compared to TDC and ASD-only. Importantly, greater improvement in MRT, SD-RT and Tau was demonstrated in ADHD and ASD + ADHD from slow-baseline to fast-incentive conditions compared to TDC and ASD-only. CONCLUSIONS Slower and more variable RTs are markers of ADHD compared to ASD and typically developing controls during slow and less rewarding conditions. Energetic factors and rewards improve task performance to a greater extent in children with ADHD compared to children with ASD. These findings suggest that RTV can be distinguished in ASD, ADHD and ASD + ADHD based on the indices of variability used and the conditions in which they are elicited. Further work identifying neural processes underlying increased RTV is warranted, in order to elucidate disorder-specific and disorder-convergent aetiological pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Tye
- King's College LondonMRC Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry CentreInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology & NeuroscienceLondonUK,King's College LondonChild & Adolescent PsychiatryInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology & NeuroscienceLondonUK
| | - Katherine A. Johnson
- Melbourne School of Psychological SciencesUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVic.Australia
| | - Simon P. Kelly
- School of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringUniversity College DublinDublinIreland
| | - Philip Asherson
- King's College LondonMRC Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry CentreInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology & NeuroscienceLondonUK
| | - Jonna Kuntsi
- King's College LondonMRC Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry CentreInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology & NeuroscienceLondonUK
| | - Karen L. Ashwood
- King's College LondonChild & Adolescent PsychiatryInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology & NeuroscienceLondonUK
| | - Bahare Azadi
- King's College LondonChild & Adolescent PsychiatryInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology & NeuroscienceLondonUK
| | - Patrick Bolton
- King's College LondonMRC Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry CentreInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology & NeuroscienceLondonUK,King's College LondonChild & Adolescent PsychiatryInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology & NeuroscienceLondonUK
| | - Gráinne McLoughlin
- King's College LondonMRC Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry CentreInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology & NeuroscienceLondonUK
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances C. Lewis
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Robert A. Reeve
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
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Tan CJ, Johnson KA. Stabilisation of periarticular fractures and osteotomies with a notched head locking T-plate. Aust Vet J 2016; 94:377-83. [PMID: 27671082 DOI: 10.1111/avj.12487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Revised: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To report the clinical outcomes and complications of small animals that had articular or periarticular fractures or osteotomies stabilised with a notched head locking T-plate. METHODS Medical records were searched retrospectively to identify animals that had a notched head locking T-plate used to stabilise a small articular or periarticular bone fragment. RESULTS Nine dogs and two cats had an articular or periarticular bone fragment stabilised with a 2.0- or 2.4-mm notched head locking T-plate (12 procedures). The median body weight was 4.7 kg. The plate was modified by removing holes in 10/12 procedures and a combination of locking and non-locking screws were used in 7/12 procedures. All fractures or osteotomies progressed to clinical union. There were two intraoperative complications (intra-articular screw placement and overlong screw) and two postoperative complications (skin necrosis and stress protection) CONCLUSIONS This study reports the successful use of a 2.0- or 2.4-mm notched head locking T-plate for articular or periarticular fractures or osteotomies in a variety of small-breed dogs and cats. Care must be taken to prevent inadvertent penetration of the articular surface, particularly in regions such as the proximal tibia. The ability to modify the plate dimensions intraoperatively proved beneficial in most cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Tan
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.
| | - K A Johnson
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
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