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Tan Y, Zhao K, Yang S, Chen S, Li C, Han X, Li J, Hu K, Liu S, Ma M, Yu X, Zou L. Insights into antibiotic and heavy metal resistance interactions in Escherichia coli isolated from livestock manure and fertilized soil. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 351:119935. [PMID: 38154221 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal and antibiotic-resistant bacteria from livestock feces are ecological and public health problems. However, the distribution and relationships of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), heavy metal resistance genes (HMRGs), and virulence factors (VFs) and their transmission mechanisms remain unclear. Therefore, we investigated the resistance of Escherichia coli, the prevalence of its ARGs, HMRGs, and VFs, and their transmission mechanisms in livestock fresh feces (FF), composted feces (CF), and fertilized soil (FS). In total, 99.54% (n = 221) and 91.44% (n = 203) of E. coli were resistant to at least one antibiotic and one heavy metal, respectively. Additionally, 72.52% (n = 161) were multi-drug resistant (MDR), of which Cu-resistant E. coli accounted for 72.67% (117/161). More than 99.34% (88/89) of E. coli carried multidrug ARGs, VFs, and the Cu resistance genes cueO and cusABCRFS. The Cu resistance genes cueO and cusABCRFS were mainly located on chromosomes, and cueO and cusF were positively associated with HMRGs, ARGs, and VFs. The Cu resistance genes pcoABCDRS were located on the plasmid pLKYL-P02 flanked by ARGs in PF18C from FF group and on chromosomes flanked by HMRGs in SAXZ1-1 from FS group. These results improved our understanding of bacterial multidrug and heavy metal resistance in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulan Tan
- College of Resource, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China.
| | - Ke Zhao
- College of Resource, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China.
| | - Shengzhi Yang
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, China.
| | - Shujuan Chen
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, China.
| | - Chun Li
- Sichuan Province Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Xinfeng Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China.
| | - Jianlong Li
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, China.
| | - Kaidi Hu
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, China.
| | - Shuliang Liu
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, China.
| | - Menggen Ma
- College of Resource, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China.
| | - Xiumei Yu
- College of Resource, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China.
| | - Likou Zou
- College of Resource, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China.
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Pazra DF, Latif H, Basri C, Wibawan IWT, Rahayu P. Detection of tetracycline resistance genes and their diversity in Escherichia coli isolated from pig farm waste in Banten province, Indonesia. Vet World 2023; 16:1907-1916. [PMID: 37859956 PMCID: PMC10583874 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.1907-1916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Livestock waste in the form of feces and liquid represents an important reservoir of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Because many ARGs can be horizontally transferred to other pathogens, livestock waste plays an essential role in the emergence and transmission of various ARGs in the environment. Therefore, this study aimed to detect and assess the diversity of tet genes in Escherichia coli isolated from pig farm waste in Banten province, Indonesia. Materials and Methods Solid waste (feces) and wastewater were collected from 44 pig farms in Banten province. The isolation and identification of E. coli referred to the Global Tricycle Surveillance extended-spectrum beta-lactamase E. coli World Health Organization (2021) guidelines. tet genes were detected using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction after dividing pig farms in the province into four clusters based on their adjacent areas and characteristics. Results tetA, tetB, tetC, tetM, tetO, and tetX were detected in solid waste and wastewater from pig farms, whereas tetE was not detected in either sample type. tetX (100%) and tetO (75%) were the most dominant genes in solid waste, whereas wastewater samples were dominated by tetA, tetM, tetO, and tetX (prevalence of 50% each). Furthermore, eight tet gene patterns were found in pig farm waste (prevalence of 12.5% each). Conclusion The results showed a high prevalence of tetO and tetX in solid waste and wastewater from pig farms in Banten province. This significant prevalence and diversity indicated the transmission of tet genes from pigs to the environment, posing a serious threat to public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debby Fadhilah Pazra
- Animal Biomedical Science Study Program, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (SVMBS), IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
- Bogor Agricultural Development Polytechnic, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Hadri Latif
- Division of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (SVMBS), IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Chaerul Basri
- Division of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (SVMBS), IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - I. Wayan Teguh Wibawan
- Division of Medical Microbiology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (SVMBS), IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Puji Rahayu
- Quality Control Laboratory and Certification of Animal Products, Bogor, Indonesia
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Liu C, Feng C, Duan Y, Wang P, Peng C, Li Z, Yu L, Liu M, Wang F. Ecological risk under the dual threat of heavy metals and antibiotic resistant Escherichia coli in swine-farming wastewater in Shandong Province, China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 319:120998. [PMID: 36603760 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Mineral elements and antibiotic-resistant bacterial pollutants in livestock and poultry farms' wastewater are often sources of ecological and public health problems. To understand the heavy-metal pollution status and the characteristics of drug-resistant Escherichia coli (E. coli) in swine-farm wastewater in Shandong Province and to provide guidance for the rational use of mineral-element additives, common antibiotics, and quaternary ammonium compound disinfectants on swine farms, 10 mineral elements were measured and E. coli isolated from wastewater and its resistance to 29 commonly used antibiotics and resistance genes was determined. Finally, phylogenetic and multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) analyses was performed on E. coli. The results showed serious pollution from iron and zinc, with a comprehensive pollution index of 708.94 and 3.13, respectively. It is worth noting that average iron levels in 75% (12/16) of the districts exceed allowable limits. Multidrug-resistant E. coli were found in every city of the province. The E. coli isolated from swine-farm wastewater were mainly resistant to tetracyclines (95.3%), chloramphenicol (77.8%), and sulfonamides (62.2%), while antibiotic resistance genes for quinolones, tetracyclines, sulfonamides, aminoglycosides, and β-lactams were all more than 60%. The clonal complex 10 (CC10) was prevalent, and ST10 and ST48 were dominant in E. coli isolates. Multidrug-resistant E. coli were widely distributed, with mainly A genotypes. However, the mechanism of the effect of iron on antibiotic resistance needs more study in this area. Thus, further strengthening the prevention and control of iron and zinc pollution and standardizing the use of antibiotics and mineral element additives in the swine industry are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Liu
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine & Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, PR China.
| | - Chenglian Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, PR China
| | - Yuanpeng Duan
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine & Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, PR China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine & Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, PR China
| | - Chong Peng
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine & Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, PR China
| | - Zixuan Li
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine & Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, PR China
| | - Lanping Yu
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine & Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, PR China
| | - Mengda Liu
- Laboratory of Zoonoses, China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, Shandong, 266032, PR China
| | - Fangkun Wang
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine & Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, PR China.
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Wyrsch ER, Dolejska M, Djordjevic SP. Genomic Analysis of an I1 Plasmid Hosting a sul3-Class 1 Integron and blaSHV-12 within an Unusual Escherichia coli ST297 from Urban Wildlife. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10071387. [PMID: 35889108 PMCID: PMC9319951 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10071387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Wild birds, particularly silver gulls (Chroicocephalus novaehollandiae) that nest near anthropogenic sites, often harbour bacteria resistant to multiple antibiotics, including those considered of clinical importance. Here, we describe the whole genome sequence of Escherichia coli isolate CE1867 from a silver gull chick sampled in 2012 that hosted an I1 pST25 plasmid with blaSHV-12, a β-lactamase gene that encodes the ability to hydrolyze oxyimino β-lactams, and other antibiotic resistance genes. Isolate CE1867 is an ST297 isolate, a phylogroup B1 lineage, and clustered with a large ST297 O130:H11 clade, which carry Shiga toxin genes. The I1 plasmid belongs to plasmid sequence type 25 and is notable for its carriage of an atypical sul3-class 1 integron with mefB∆260, a structure most frequently reported in Australia from swine. This integron is a typical example of a Tn21-derived element that captured sul3 in place of the standard sul1 structure. Interestingly, the mercury resistance (mer) module of Tn21 is missing and has been replaced with Tn2-blaTEM-1 and a blaSHV-12 encoding module flanked by direct copies of IS26. Comparisons to similar plasmids, however, demonstrate a closely related family of ARG-carrying plasmids that all host variants of the sul3-associated integron with conserved Tn21 insertion points and a variable presence of both mer and mefB truncations, but predominantly mefB∆260.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan R. Wyrsch
- Australian Institute for Microbiology & Infection, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia;
| | - Monika Dolejska
- CEITEC VETUNI, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, 61242 Brno, Czech Republic;
- Department of Biology and Wildlife Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, 61242 Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Brno, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Steven P. Djordjevic
- Australian Institute for Microbiology & Infection, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia;
- Correspondence:
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Osińska M, Nowakiewicz A, Zięba P, Gnat S, Łagowski D, Trościańczyk A. A rich mosaic of resistance in extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli isolated from red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in Poland as a potential effect of increasing synanthropization. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 818:151834. [PMID: 34808162 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In our research, we analyzed the resistance of cephalosporin-resistant E. coli strains to antimicrobial agents. The strains were collected during five years from wild animal species commonly inhabiting Poland. We have identified the type of β-lactamases produced and the multidrug-resistance profile. Most strains (73.8%) had genes encoding ESBL enzymes, mainly CTX-M-1 and TEM. Almost all AmpC-β-lactamase-producing isolates had the blaCMY-2 gene. Almost 70% of the strains tested showed a multi-drug resistance profile. The dominant phenotype was resistance to tetracycline (69.05%), and/or sulfamethoxazole (57.1%). We also found high resistance to quinolones: ciprofloxacin 35.7% and nalidixic acid 52.4%. The phenotypic resistance of the strains was in most cases confirmed by the presence of corresponding genes. Among strains, 26.2% were carriers of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes (PMQR). MLST analysis revealed a large clonal variation of the strains, which was reflected in 28 different sequence types. More than half of the strains (54.7%) were classified into the following sequence complexes: 10, 23, 69, 101, 155, 156, 168, 354, 398, 446, and 648. Only one strain in the studied group was assigned to the ExPEC pathotype and represented sequence type 117. The results of our research have confirmed that isolates obtained from wild animals possess many resistance determinants and sequence types, which are also found in food-producing animals and humans. This reflects the doctrine of "One health", which clearly indicates that human health is inextricably linked with animal health as well as degree of environmental contamination. We conclude that the resistance and virulence profiles of strains isolated from wildlife animals may be a resultant of various sources encountered by animals, creating a rich and varied mosaic of genes, which is very often unpredictable and not reflected in the correlation between the sequence type and the gene profile of resistance or virulence observed in epidemic clones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelina Osińska
- University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Preclinical Veterinary Sciences, Sub-Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Akademicka 12, 20-033 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Aneta Nowakiewicz
- University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Preclinical Veterinary Sciences, Sub-Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Akademicka 12, 20-033 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Przemysław Zięba
- State Veterinary Laboratory, Droga Męczenników Majdanka 50, 20-325 Lublin, Poland
| | - Sebastian Gnat
- University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Preclinical Veterinary Sciences, Sub-Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Akademicka 12, 20-033 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Dominik Łagowski
- University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Preclinical Veterinary Sciences, Sub-Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Akademicka 12, 20-033 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Aleksandra Trościańczyk
- University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Preclinical Veterinary Sciences, Sub-Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Akademicka 12, 20-033 Lublin, Poland.
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Prevalence and characterisation of antimicrobial resistance genes and class 1 and 2 integrons in multiresistant Escherichia coli isolated from poultry production. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6062. [PMID: 35410349 PMCID: PMC9001716 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09996-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A global increase in the populations of drug resistant bacteria exerts negative effects on animal production and human health. Our study has been focused on the assessment of resistance determinants in relation to phenotypic resistance of the 74 commensal E. coli isolates present in different ecological environments. The samples were collected from poultry litter, feces, and neck skin. Among the microorganisms isolated from the poultry litter (group A), the highest resistance was noted against AMP and DOX (100%). In the E. coli extracts from the cloacal swabs (group B), the highest resistance was observed against AMP (100%) and CIP (92%). The meat samples (group C) were characterized by resistance to AMP (100%) and STX (94.7%). Genes encoding resistance to β-lactams (blaTEM, blaCTX-M), fluoroquinolones (qnrA, qnrB, qnrS), aminoglycosides (strA-strB, aphA1, aac(3)-II), sulfonamides (sul1, sul2, sul3), trimethoprim (dfr1, dfr5, dfr7/17) and tetracyclines (tetA, tetB) were detected in the studied bacterial isolates. The presence of class 1 and 2 integrons was confirmed in 75% of the MDR E. coli isolates (plasmid DNA), of which 60% contained class 1 integrons, 15% contained class 2 integrons, and 11.7% carried integrons of both classes. Thus, it may be concluded that integrons are the common mediators of antimicrobial resistance among commensal multidrug resistant Escherichia coli at important stages of poultry production.
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Piekarska K, Zacharczuk K, Wołkowicz T, Mokrzyś M, Wolaniuk N, Nowakowska M, Szempliński S, Dobruch J, Gierczyński R. The molecular mechanisms of fluoroquinolone resistance found in rectal swab isolates of Enterobacterales from men undergoing a transrectal prostate biopsy: the rationale for targeted prophylaxis. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 2021; 20:81. [PMID: 34876123 PMCID: PMC8650336 DOI: 10.1186/s12941-021-00487-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy (TRUS-Bx) is considered an essential urological procedure for the histological diagnosis of prostate cancer. It is, however, considered a “contaminated” procedure which may lead to infectious complications. Recent studies suggest a significant share of fluoroquinolone-resistant rectal flora in post-biopsy infections. Methods The molecular mechanisms of fluoroquinolone resistance, including PMQR (plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance) as well as mutation in the QRDRs (quinolone-resistance determining regions) of gyrA, gyrB, parC and parE, among Enterobacterales isolated from 32 of 48 men undergoing a prostate biopsy between November 2015 and April 2016 were investigated. Before the TRUS-Bx procedure, all the patients received an oral antibiotic containing fluoroquinolones. Results In total, 41 Enterobacterales isolates were obtained from rectal swabs. The MIC of ciprofloxacin and the presence of common PMQR determinants were investigated in all the isolates. Nine (21.9%) isolates carried PMQR with qnrS as the only PMQR agent detected. DNA sequencing of the QRDRs in 18 Enterobacterales (E. coli n = 17 and E. cloacae n = 1) isolates with ciprofloxacin MIC ≥ 0.25 mg/l were performed. Substitutions in the following codons were found: GyrA—83 [Ser → Leu, Phe] and 87 [Asp → Asn]; GyrB codon—605 [Met → Leu], ParC codons—80 [Ser → Ile, Arg] and 84 [Glu → Gly, Met, Val, Lys], ParE codons—458 [Ser → Ala], 461 [Glu → Ala] and 512 [Ala → Thr]. Six isolates with ciprofloxacin MIC ≥ 2 mg/l had at least one mutation in GyrA together with qnrS. Conclusions This study provides information on the common presence of PMQRs among Enterobacterales isolates with ciprofloxacin MIC ≥ 0.25 mg/l, obtained from men undergoing TRUS-Bx. This fact may partially explain why some men develop post-TRUS-Bx infections despite ciprofloxacin prophylaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Piekarska
- Department of Bacteriology, National Institute of Public Health NIH - National Research Institute, Chocimska 24, 00-791, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Zacharczuk
- Department of Bacteriology, National Institute of Public Health NIH - National Research Institute, Chocimska 24, 00-791, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Wołkowicz
- Department of Bacteriology, National Institute of Public Health NIH - National Research Institute, Chocimska 24, 00-791, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mateusz Mokrzyś
- Department of Urology, St. Anna Hospital, A. Mickiewicza 39, 05-500, Piaseczno, Poland.,Department of Urology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 01-813, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Natalia Wolaniuk
- Department of Bacteriology, National Institute of Public Health NIH - National Research Institute, Chocimska 24, 00-791, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Nowakowska
- Department of Bacteriology, National Institute of Public Health NIH - National Research Institute, Chocimska 24, 00-791, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Stanisław Szempliński
- Department of Urology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 01-813, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jakub Dobruch
- Department of Urology, St. Anna Hospital, A. Mickiewicza 39, 05-500, Piaseczno, Poland.,Department of Urology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 01-813, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Rafał Gierczyński
- Department of Bacteriology, National Institute of Public Health NIH - National Research Institute, Chocimska 24, 00-791, Warsaw, Poland
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Phenotypic and Genotypic Properties of Fluoroquinolone-Resistant, qnr-Carrying Escherichia coli Isolated from the German Food Chain in 2017. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9061308. [PMID: 34208509 PMCID: PMC8233838 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9061308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluoroquinolones are the highest priority, critically important antimicrobial agents. Resistance development can occur via different mechanisms, with plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) being prevalent in the livestock and food area. Especially, qnr genes, commonly located on mobile genetic elements, are major drivers for the spread of resistance determinants against fluoroquinolones. We investigated the prevalence and characteristics of qnr-positive Escherichia (E.) coli obtained from different monitoring programs in Germany in 2017. Furthermore, we aimed to evaluate commonalities of qnr-carrying plasmids in E. coli. We found qnr to be broadly spread over different livestock and food matrices, and to be present in various sequence types. The qnr-positive isolates were predominantly detected within selectively isolated ESBL (extended spectrum beta-lactamase)-producing E. coli, leading to a frequent association with other resistance genes, especially cephalosporin determinants. Furthermore, we found that qnr correlates with the presence of genes involved in resistance development against quaternary ammonium compounds (qac). The detection of additional point mutations in many isolates within the chromosomal QRDR region led to even higher MIC values against fluoroquinolones for the investigated E. coli. All of these attributes should be carefully taken into account in the risk assessment of qnr-carrying E. coli from livestock and food.
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Belotindos L, Villanueva M, Miguel J, Bwalya P, Harada T, Kawahara R, Nakajima C, Mingala C, Suzuki Y. Prevalence and Characterization of Quinolone-Resistance Determinants in Escherichia coli Isolated from Food-Producing Animals and Animal-Derived Food in the Philippines. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10040413. [PMID: 33918946 PMCID: PMC8068814 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10040413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance to quinolones, which constitutes a threat to public health, has been increasing worldwide. In this study, we investigated the prevalence of quinolone-resistant determinants in Escherichia coli not susceptible to quinolones and isolated from food-producing animals and food derived from them, in the Philippines. A total of 791 E. coli strains were isolated in 56.4% of 601 beef, chicken, pork, egg, and milk samples, as well as environmental, cloacal, and rectal swab-collected samples from supermarkets, open markets, abattoirs, and poultry, swine, and buffalo farms. Using the disc diffusion method, it was determined that 78.6% and 55.4% of the isolates were resistant to at least one antimicrobial and multiple drugs, respectively. In 141 isolates not susceptible to quinolones, 115 (81.6%) harbored quinolone-resistant determinants and had mutations predominantly in the quinolone-resistance determining regions (QRDRs) of gyrA and parC. Plasmid-mediated, quinolone resistance (PMQR) and Qnr family (qnrA1, qnrB4, and qnrS1) genes were detected in all isolates. Forty-eight sequence types were identified in isolates harboring mutations in QRDR and/or PMQR genes by multilocus sequence typing analysis. Moreover, 26 isolates harboring mutations in QRDR and/or PMQR genes belonged mostly to phylogroup B1 and Enteroaggregative E. coli. In conclusion, a high prevalence of E. coli was found in food-producing animals and products derived from them, which could potentially spread high-risk clones harboring quinolone-resistance determinants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence Belotindos
- Division of Bioresources, International Institute for Zoonosis Control Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan; (L.B.); (P.B.); (C.N.)
- Biosafety and Environment Section, Philippine Carabao Center, Science City of Muñoz, Nueva Ecija 3120, Philippines; (M.V.); (C.M.)
| | - Marvin Villanueva
- Biosafety and Environment Section, Philippine Carabao Center, Science City of Muñoz, Nueva Ecija 3120, Philippines; (M.V.); (C.M.)
| | - Joel Miguel
- Livestock Biotechnology Center, Philippine Carabao Center, Science City of Muñoz, Nueva Ecija 3120, Philippines;
| | - Precious Bwalya
- Division of Bioresources, International Institute for Zoonosis Control Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan; (L.B.); (P.B.); (C.N.)
| | - Tetsuya Harada
- Division of Microbiology, Osaka Institute of Public Health, Osaka 537-0025, Japan; (R.K.); (T.H.)
| | - Ryuji Kawahara
- Division of Microbiology, Osaka Institute of Public Health, Osaka 537-0025, Japan; (R.K.); (T.H.)
| | - Chie Nakajima
- Division of Bioresources, International Institute for Zoonosis Control Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan; (L.B.); (P.B.); (C.N.)
- International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Claro Mingala
- Biosafety and Environment Section, Philippine Carabao Center, Science City of Muñoz, Nueva Ecija 3120, Philippines; (M.V.); (C.M.)
- Livestock Biotechnology Center, Philippine Carabao Center, Science City of Muñoz, Nueva Ecija 3120, Philippines;
| | - Yasuhiko Suzuki
- Division of Bioresources, International Institute for Zoonosis Control Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan; (L.B.); (P.B.); (C.N.)
- International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-011-706-7315; Fax: +81-0-706-7310
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Girijan SK, Paul R, V J RK, Pillai D. Investigating the impact of hospital antibiotic usage on aquatic environment and aquaculture systems: A molecular study of quinolone resistance in Escherichia coli. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 748:141538. [PMID: 32805571 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Quinolones are one of the most important classes of antibacterials available for the treatment of infectious diseases in humans. However, there is a growing concern about bacterial resistance to antimicrobials including quinolones. The spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the aquatic environment has been recognized as a growing threat to public health and hospitals appear to be a major contributor to this. The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of quinolone resistance in Escherichia coli from selected water bodies receiving direct hospital effluents in Kerala, India. Standard disc diffusion and E-test were used for antibiotic susceptibility testing. As antibiotic resistance can develop in bacterial isolates by different means, EtBr Agar Cartwheel method was used to detect the efflux pump activity and presence of resistant genes was detected by PCR. The mechanism of transfer of plasmid mediated resistance was confirmed by conjugation experiments. A total of 209 multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli were isolated from different hospital effluent discharge sites and aquaculture farms located in their vicinity. Among them, qnrB was found to be most prevalent followed by qnrS, OqxAB, qnrA and aac (6')-Ib-cr. The results suggested that the antibiotics present at sub-inhibitory concentrations in direct hospital effluents increases the selection pressure impacting the cell function of even normal microorganisms in the aquatic environment to change the genetic expression of virulence factors or acquire resistance genes by different transfer mechanisms, posing a serious threat to public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Kalasseril Girijan
- Department of Aquatic Animal Health Management, Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Robin Paul
- State Laboratory for Livestock, Marine & Agri Products (SLMAP), Department of Animal Husbandry, Government of Kerala, India
| | - Rejish Kumar V J
- Department of Aquatic Animal Health Management, Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies, Kochi, Kerala, India; Department of Aquaculture, Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Devika Pillai
- Department of Aquatic Animal Health Management, Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies, Kochi, Kerala, India.
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11
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Comparative Evaluation of qnrA, qnrB, and qnrS Genes in Enterobacteriaceae Ciprofloxacin-Resistant Cases, in Swine Units and a Hospital from Western Romania. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9100698. [PMID: 33066610 PMCID: PMC7602382 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9100698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive use of antimicrobials and inadequate infection control practices has turned antimicrobial resistance (AMR) into a global, public health peril. We studied the expression of qnrA, qnrB, and qnrS plasmid in ciprofloxacin (CIP)-resistant strains of Escherichia coli in swine and humans from Romania, using the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technique. Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing (AST) for human subjects (H) on 147 samples and 53 swine (S) was ascertained as well as the isolation of bacterial DNA (E. coli) as follows: bacteriolysis, DNA-binding, rinsing, elution, amplification, and nucleic acids’ migration and U.V. visualization stages. From 24 samples of E. coli resistant to CIP collected from H subjects and 15 from S, for PCR analysis, 15 H and 12 S were used, with DNA purity of 1.8. The statistically analyzed results using the Crosstabs function (IBM SPSS Statistics-Ver. 2.1.), revealed the qnrS (417 bp) gene in 13 human subjects (52.0%), as well as in all swine samples studied. The qnrB (526 bp) gene was exposed in 9 of the human patients (36.0%) and in all swine isolates, and the qnrA (516 bp) gene was observed only in 3 of the isolates obtained from human subjects (12.0%) and was not discovered in pigs (p > 0.05). The presence of plasmids qnrA, qnrB, and qnrS in the human samples and of qnrB and qnrS in swine, facilitates the survival of pathogens despite the CIP action. The long-term use of CIP could cause a boost in the prevalence of qnr resistance genes, and resistance in the pigs destined for slaughter, a perturbing fact for public health and the human consumer.
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12
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Ong KH, Khor WC, Quek JY, Low ZX, Arivalan S, Humaidi M, Chua C, Seow KLG, Guo S, Tay MYF, Schlundt J, Ng LC, Aung KT. Occurrence and Antimicrobial Resistance Traits of Escherichia coli from Wild Birds and Rodents in Singapore. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17155606. [PMID: 32756497 PMCID: PMC7432465 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17155606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Escherichia coli (E. coli) poses a public health concern worldwide. Wild birds and rodents, due to their mobility, are potential vehicles for transmission of AMR bacteria to humans. Ninety-six wild birds’ faecal samples and 135 rodents’ droppings samples were collected and analysed in 2017. Forty-six E. coli isolates from wild birds and rodents were subjected to AMR phenotypic and genotypic characterisation. The proportion of E. coli isolates resistant to at least one of the antimicrobials tested from wild birds (80.8%) was significantly higher than that of isolates from rodents (40.0%). The proportion of E. coli isolates resistant to each antimicrobial class for wild birds was 3.8% to 73.1% and that for rodents was 5.0% to 35.0%. Six out of 26 E. coli isolates from wild birds (23.1%) and two out of 20 (10.0%) isolates from rodents were multi-drug resistant (MDR) strains. These MDR E. coli isolates were detected with various antimicrobial resistance genes such as blaTEM-1B and qnrS1 and could be considered as part of the environmental resistome. Findings in this study suggested that wild birds and rodents could play a role in disseminating antimicrobial resistant E. coli, and this underscores the necessity of environment management and close monitoring on AMR bacteria in wild birds and rodents to prevent spreading of resistant organisms to other wildlife animals and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kar Hui Ong
- Environmental Health Institute, National Environment Agency, Singapore 138667, Singapore; (K.H.O.); (J.Y.Q.); (Z.X.L.); (S.A.); (M.H.); (C.C.); (K.T.A.)
- National Centre for Food Science, Singapore Food Agency, Singapore 608550, Singapore;
| | - Wei Ching Khor
- National Centre for Food Science, Singapore Food Agency, Singapore 608550, Singapore;
| | - Jing Yi Quek
- Environmental Health Institute, National Environment Agency, Singapore 138667, Singapore; (K.H.O.); (J.Y.Q.); (Z.X.L.); (S.A.); (M.H.); (C.C.); (K.T.A.)
| | - Zi Xi Low
- Environmental Health Institute, National Environment Agency, Singapore 138667, Singapore; (K.H.O.); (J.Y.Q.); (Z.X.L.); (S.A.); (M.H.); (C.C.); (K.T.A.)
| | - Sathish Arivalan
- Environmental Health Institute, National Environment Agency, Singapore 138667, Singapore; (K.H.O.); (J.Y.Q.); (Z.X.L.); (S.A.); (M.H.); (C.C.); (K.T.A.)
| | - Mahathir Humaidi
- Environmental Health Institute, National Environment Agency, Singapore 138667, Singapore; (K.H.O.); (J.Y.Q.); (Z.X.L.); (S.A.); (M.H.); (C.C.); (K.T.A.)
| | - Cliff Chua
- Environmental Health Institute, National Environment Agency, Singapore 138667, Singapore; (K.H.O.); (J.Y.Q.); (Z.X.L.); (S.A.); (M.H.); (C.C.); (K.T.A.)
| | - Kelyn L. G. Seow
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637459, Singapore; (K.L.G.S.); (S.G.); (M.Y.F.T.); (J.S.)
- Nanyang Technological University Food Technology Centre (NAFTEC), Singapore 637459, Singapore
| | - Siyao Guo
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637459, Singapore; (K.L.G.S.); (S.G.); (M.Y.F.T.); (J.S.)
- Nanyang Technological University Food Technology Centre (NAFTEC), Singapore 637459, Singapore
| | - Moon Y. F. Tay
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637459, Singapore; (K.L.G.S.); (S.G.); (M.Y.F.T.); (J.S.)
- Nanyang Technological University Food Technology Centre (NAFTEC), Singapore 637459, Singapore
| | - Joergen Schlundt
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637459, Singapore; (K.L.G.S.); (S.G.); (M.Y.F.T.); (J.S.)
- Nanyang Technological University Food Technology Centre (NAFTEC), Singapore 637459, Singapore
| | - Lee Ching Ng
- Environmental Health Institute, National Environment Agency, Singapore 138667, Singapore; (K.H.O.); (J.Y.Q.); (Z.X.L.); (S.A.); (M.H.); (C.C.); (K.T.A.)
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
- Correspondence:
| | - Kyaw Thu Aung
- Environmental Health Institute, National Environment Agency, Singapore 138667, Singapore; (K.H.O.); (J.Y.Q.); (Z.X.L.); (S.A.); (M.H.); (C.C.); (K.T.A.)
- National Centre for Food Science, Singapore Food Agency, Singapore 608550, Singapore;
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637459, Singapore; (K.L.G.S.); (S.G.); (M.Y.F.T.); (J.S.)
- Nanyang Technological University Food Technology Centre (NAFTEC), Singapore 637459, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
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