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Gibson A, Ram R, Gangula R, Li Y, Mukherjee E, Palubinsky AM, Campbell CN, Thorne M, Konvinse KC, Choshi P, Deshpande P, Pedretti S, Fear MW, Wood FM, O'Neil RT, Wanjalla CN, Kalams SA, Gaudieri S, Lehloenya RJ, Bailin SS, Chopra A, Trubiano JA, Peter JG, Mallal SA, Phillips EJ. Multiomic single-cell sequencing defines tissue-specific responses in Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis. Nat Commun 2024; 15:8722. [PMID: 39379371 PMCID: PMC11461852 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-52990-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2024] [Indexed: 10/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis (SJS/TEN) is a rare but life-threatening cutaneous drug reaction mediated by human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I-restricted CD8+ T cells. For unbiased assessment of cellular immunopathogenesis, here we perform single-cell (sc) transcriptome, surface proteome, and T cell receptor (TCR) sequencing on unaffected skin, affected skin, and blister fluid from 15 SJS/TEN patients. From 109,888 cells, we identify 15 scRNA-defined subsets. Keratinocytes express markers indicating HLA class I-restricted antigen presentation and appear to trigger the proliferation of and killing by cytotoxic CD8+ tissue-resident T cells that express granulysin, granzyme B, perforin, LAG3, CD27, and LINC01871, and signal through the PKM, MIF, TGFβ, and JAK-STAT pathways. In affected tissue, cytotoxic CD8+ T cells express private expanded and unexpanded TCRαβ that are absent or unexpanded in unaffected skin, and mixed populations of macrophages and fibroblasts express pro-inflammatory markers or those favoring repair. This data identifies putative cytotoxic TCRs and therapeutic targets.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- Stevens-Johnson Syndrome/immunology
- Stevens-Johnson Syndrome/genetics
- Single-Cell Analysis/methods
- Keratinocytes/immunology
- Keratinocytes/metabolism
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/metabolism
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/genetics
- Skin/immunology
- Skin/pathology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- Granzymes/metabolism
- Granzymes/genetics
- Transcriptome
- Male
- Perforin/metabolism
- Perforin/genetics
- Female
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/genetics
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/immunology
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/metabolism
- Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/genetics
- Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/metabolism
- Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/immunology
- Macrophages/immunology
- Macrophages/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Gibson
- Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia
| | - Ramesh Ram
- Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia
| | - Rama Gangula
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Centre, Nashville, USA
| | - Yueran Li
- Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia
| | - Eric Mukherjee
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Centre, Nashville, USA
| | - Amy M Palubinsky
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Centre, Nashville, USA
| | - Chelsea N Campbell
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Centre, Nashville, USA
| | - Michael Thorne
- Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia
| | | | - Phuti Choshi
- Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Pooja Deshpande
- Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia
| | - Sarah Pedretti
- Allergy and Immunology Unit, University of Cape Town Lung Institute, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Mark W Fear
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Fiona M Wood
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Burn Service of Western Australia, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, Australia
| | - Richard T O'Neil
- Ralph H Johnson VA Medical Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, USA
| | | | - Spyros A Kalams
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Centre, Nashville, USA
| | - Silvana Gaudieri
- Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Centre, Nashville, USA
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | | | - Samuel S Bailin
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Centre, Nashville, USA
| | - Abha Chopra
- Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Centre, Nashville, USA
| | - Jason A Trubiano
- The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Antibiotic Allergy and Research, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jonny G Peter
- Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
- Allergy and Immunology Unit, University of Cape Town Lung Institute, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Simon A Mallal
- Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Centre, Nashville, USA
| | - Elizabeth J Phillips
- Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia.
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Centre, Nashville, USA.
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2
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Susca N, Leone P, Prete M, Cozzio S, Racanelli V. Adipose failure through adipocyte overload and autoimmunity. Autoimmun Rev 2024; 23:103502. [PMID: 38101692 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2023.103502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome poses a great worldwide threat to the health of the patients. Increased visceral adiposity is recognized as the main determinant of the detrimental clinical effects of insulin resistance. Inflammation and immune system activation in the adipose tissue (AT) have a central role in the pathophysiology of metabolic syndrome, but the mechanisms linking increased adiposity to immunity in the AT remain in part elusive. In this review, we support the central role of adipocyte overload and relative adipose failure as key determinants in triggering immune aggression to AT. This provides a mechanistic explanation of the relative metabolic wellness of metabolically normal obese people and the disruption in insulin signaling in metabolically obese lean people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Susca
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, School of Medicine, 'Aldo Moro' University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Patrizia Leone
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, School of Medicine, 'Aldo Moro' University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Marcella Prete
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, School of Medicine, 'Aldo Moro' University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Susanna Cozzio
- U.O. di Medicina Interna, Ospedale di Rovereto, Azienda Sanitaria per i Servizi Provinciali di Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Vito Racanelli
- Centre for Medical Sciences - CISMed, University of Trento and Department of Internal Medicine, Santa Chiara Hospital, Trento, Italy.
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3
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Engin AB, Engin A. Tryptophan Metabolism in Obesity: The Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase-1 Activity and Therapeutic Options. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1460:629-655. [PMID: 39287867 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-63657-8_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
Obesity activates both innate and adaptive immune responses in adipose tissue. Adipose tissue macrophages are functional antigen-presenting cells that promote the proliferation of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ)-producing cluster of differentiation (CD)4+ T cells in adipose tissue of obese subjects. The increased formation of neopterin and degradation of tryptophan may result in decreased T-cell responsiveness and lead to immunodeficiency. The activity of inducible indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-1 (IDO1) plays a major role in pro-inflammatory, IFN-γ-dominated settings. The expression of several kynurenine pathway enzyme genes is significantly increased in obesity. IDO1 in obesity shifts tryptophan metabolism from serotonin and melatonin synthesis to the formation of kynurenines and increases the ratio of kynurenine to tryptophan as well as with neopterin production. Reduction in serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) production provokes satiety dysregulation that leads to increased caloric uptake and obesity. According to the monoamine-deficiency hypothesis, a deficiency of cerebral serotonin is involved in neuropsychiatric symptomatology of depression, mania, and psychosis. Indeed, bipolar disorder (BD) and related cognitive deficits are accompanied by a higher prevalence of overweight and obesity. Furthermore, the accumulation of amyloid-β in Alzheimer's disease brains has several toxic effects as well as IDO induction. Hence, abdominal obesity is associated with vascular endothelial dysfunction. kynurenines and their ratios are prognostic parameters in coronary artery disease. Increased kynurenine/tryptophan ratio correlates with increased intima-media thickness and represents advanced atherosclerosis. However, after bariatric surgery, weight reduction does not lead to the normalization of IDO1 activity and atherosclerosis. IDO1 is involved in the mechanisms of immune tolerance and in the concept of tumor immuno-editing process in cancer development. Serum IDO1 activity is still used as a parameter in cancer development and growth. IDO-producing tumors show a high total IDO immunostaining score, and thus, using IDO inhibitors, such as Epacadostat, Navoximod, and L isomer of 1-methyl-tryptophan, seems an important modality for cancer treatment. There is an inverse correlation between serum folate concentration and body mass index, thus folate deficiency leads to hyperhomocysteinemia-induced oxidative stress. Immune checkpoint blockade targeting cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein-4 synergizes with imatinib, which is an inhibitor of mitochondrial folate-mediated one-carbon (1C) metabolism. Antitumor effects of imatinib are enhanced by increasing T-cell effector function in the presence of IDO inhibition. Combining IDO targeting with chemotherapy, radiotherapy and/or immunotherapy, may be an effective tool against a wide range of malignancies. However, there are some controversial results regarding the efficacy of IDO1 inhibitors in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayse Basak Engin
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology, Gazi University, Hipodrom, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Atilla Engin
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of General Surgery, Gazi University, Besevler, Ankara, Turkey
- Mustafa Kemal Mah. 2137. Sok. 8/14, 06520, Cankaya, Ankara, Turkey
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4
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Filipczak-Bryniarska I, Nazimek K, Nowak B, Skalska P, Cieślik M, Fedor A, Gębicka M, Kruk G, Pełka-Zakielarz J, Kozlowski M, Bryniarski K. Immunomodulation by tramadol combined with acetaminophen or dexketoprofen: In vivo animal study. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 125:110985. [PMID: 37866314 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Among other functions, macrophages remove foreign particles, including medications, from the circulation, making them an important target for immunomodulatory molecules. Currently, growing evidence suggests that analgesics affect the activity of immune cells not directly related to pain, and thus may induce unwanted immunosuppression in patients at risk. However, the immunomodulatory effects resulting from macrophage targeting by these drugs are understudied. Therefore, the current study investigated the immune effects induced in healthy mice by repeated administration of tramadol alone or in combination with acetaminophen or dexketoprofen. We observed that drug administration decreased the percentage of infiltrating macrophages in favor of resident macrophages in peritoneal exudates. While all drugs reduced the number of infiltrating macrophages that phagocytosed sheep red blood cells (SRBC), their administration increased the effectiveness of phagocytosis, and treatment with acetaminophen with or without tramadol elevated the expression of MHC class II by Mac3+ macrophages. Interestingly, SRBC-pulsed macrophages from mice treated with tramadol combined with acetaminophen potently activated SRBC-specific B cells in humoral response, and administration of these drugs to recipients of contact hypersensitivity effector cells augmented the resulting cellular immune response. In addition, tramadol administered alone or with dexketoprofen enhanced the spontaneous release of pro-inflammatory cytokines by macrophages. Our current research findings demonstrate that tramadol therapy in combination with acetaminophen or dexketoprofen has a relatively low risk of causing immunosuppressive side effect because the drugs slightly reduce the inflammatory reaction of macrophages but do not impair their ability to activate the adaptive immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Filipczak-Bryniarska
- Department of Pain Treatment and Palliative Care, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 2 Jakubowskiego St, PL 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Nazimek
- Department of Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 18 Czysta St, PL 31-121 Krakow, Poland
| | - Bernadeta Nowak
- Department of Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 18 Czysta St, PL 31-121 Krakow, Poland
| | - Paulina Skalska
- Department of Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 18 Czysta St, PL 31-121 Krakow, Poland
| | - Martyna Cieślik
- Department of Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 18 Czysta St, PL 31-121 Krakow, Poland
| | - Angelika Fedor
- Department of Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 18 Czysta St, PL 31-121 Krakow, Poland
| | - Magdalena Gębicka
- Department of Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 18 Czysta St, PL 31-121 Krakow, Poland
| | - Gabriela Kruk
- Department of Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 18 Czysta St, PL 31-121 Krakow, Poland
| | - Joanna Pełka-Zakielarz
- Department of Pain Treatment and Palliative Care, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 2 Jakubowskiego St, PL 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Michael Kozlowski
- Department of Pain Treatment and Palliative Care, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 2 Jakubowskiego St, PL 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Bryniarski
- Department of Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 18 Czysta St, PL 31-121 Krakow, Poland.
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5
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English J, Orofino J, Cederquist CT, Paul I, Li H, Auwerx J, Emili A, Belkina A, Cardamone D, Perissi V. GPS2-mediated regulation of the adipocyte secretome modulates adipose tissue remodeling at the onset of diet-induced obesity. Mol Metab 2023; 69:101682. [PMID: 36731652 PMCID: PMC9922684 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2023.101682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dysfunctional, unhealthy expansion of white adipose tissue due to excess dietary intake is a process at the root of obesity and Type 2 Diabetes development. The objective of this study is to contribute to a better understanding of the underlying mechanism(s) regulating the early stages of adipose tissue expansion and adaptation to dietary stress due to an acute, high-fat diet (HFD) challenge, with a focus on the communication between adipocytes and other stromal cells. METHODS We profiled the early response to high-fat diet exposure in wildtype and adipocyte-specific GPS2-KO (GPS2-AKO) mice at the cellular, tissue and organismal level. A multi-pronged approach was employed to disentangle the complex cellular interactions dictating tissue remodeling, via single-cell RNA sequencing and FACS profiling of the stromal fraction, and semi-quantitative proteomics of the adipocyte-derived exosomal cargo after 5 weeks of HFD feeding. RESULTS Our results indicate that loss of GPS2 in mature adipocytes leads to impaired adaptation to the metabolic stress imposed by HFD feeding. GPS2-AKO mice are significantly more inflamed, insulin resistant, and obese, compared to the WT counterparts. At the cellular level, lack of GPS2 in adipocytes impacts upon other stromal populations, with both the eWAT and scWAT depots exhibiting changes in the immune and non-immune compartments that contribute to an increase in inflammatory and anti-adipogenic cell types. Our studies also revealed that adipocyte to stromal cell communication is facilitated by exosomes, and that transcriptional rewiring of the exosomal cargo is crucial for tissue remodeling. Loss of GPS2 results in increased expression of secreted factors promoting a TGFβ-driven fibrotic microenvironment favoring unhealthy tissue remodeling and expansion. CONCLUSIONS Adipocytes serve as an intercellular signaling hub, communicating with the stromal compartment via paracrine signaling. Our study highlights the importance of proper regulation of the 'secretome' released by energetically stressed adipocytes at the onset of obesity. Altered transcriptional regulation of factors secreted via adipocyte-derived exosomes (AdExos), in the absence of GPS2, contributes to the establishment of an anti-adipogenic, pro-fibrotic adipose tissue environment, and to hastened progression towards a metabolically dysfunctional phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin English
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Joseph Orofino
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Carly T. Cederquist
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Indranil Paul
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Center for Network Systems Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Hao Li
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, Interfaculty Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Johan Auwerx
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, Interfaculty Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Andrew Emili
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Center for Network Systems Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Anna Belkina
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Dafne Cardamone
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Valentina Perissi
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; School of Life Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
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6
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Zhang YX, Ou MY, Yang ZH, Sun Y, Li QF, Zhou SB. Adipose tissue aging is regulated by an altered immune system. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1125395. [PMID: 36875140 PMCID: PMC9981968 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1125395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue is a widely distributed organ that plays a critical role in age-related physiological dysfunctions as an important source of chronic sterile low-grade inflammation. Adipose tissue undergoes diverse changes during aging, including fat depot redistribution, brown and beige fat decrease, functional decline of adipose progenitor and stem cells, senescent cell accumulation, and immune cell dysregulation. Specifically, inflammaging is common in aged adipose tissue. Adipose tissue inflammaging reduces adipose plasticity and pathologically contributes to adipocyte hypertrophy, fibrosis, and ultimately, adipose tissue dysfunction. Adipose tissue inflammaging also contributes to age-related diseases, such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease and cancer. There is an increased infiltration of immune cells into adipose tissue, and these infiltrating immune cells secrete proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Several important molecular and signaling pathways mediate the process, including JAK/STAT, NFκB and JNK, etc. The roles of immune cells in aging adipose tissue are complex, and the underlying mechanisms remain largely unclear. In this review, we summarize the consequences and causes of inflammaging in adipose tissue. We further outline the cellular/molecular mechanisms of adipose tissue inflammaging and propose potential therapeutic targets to alleviate age-related problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Xiang Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Min-Yi Ou
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zi-Han Yang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing-Feng Li
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuang-Bai Zhou
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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7
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Interpenetrating gallol functionalized tissue adhesive hyaluronic acid hydrogel polarizes macrophages to an immunosuppressive phenotype. Acta Biomater 2022; 142:36-48. [PMID: 35085799 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.01.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Innovative scaffold designs that modulate the local inflammatory microenvironment through favorable macrophage polarization and suppressing oxidative stress are needed for successful clinical translation of regenerative cell therapies and graft integration. We herein report derivation of a hydrazone-crosslinked gallol functionalized hyaluronic acid (HA-GA)-based hydrogel that displayed outstanding viscoelastic properties and immunomodulatory characteristics. Grafting of 6% gallol (GA) to a HA-backbone formed an interpenetrative network by promoting an additional crosslink between the gallol groups in addition to hydrazone crosslinking. This significantly enhanced the mechanical stability and displayed shear-thinning/self-healing characteristics, facilitated tissue adhesive properties to porcine tissue and also displayed radical scavenging properties, protecting encapsulated fibroblasts from peroxide challenge. The THP-1 human macrophage cell line or primary bone-marrow-derived murine macrophages cultured within HA-GA gels displayed selective polarization to a predominantly anti-inflammatory phenotype by upregulating IL4ra, IL-10, TGF-β, and TGF-βR1 expression when compared with HA-HA gels. Conversely, culturing of pro-inflammatory activated primary murine macrophages in HA-GA gels resulted in a significant reduction of pro-inflammatory TNF-α, IL-1β, SOCS3 and IL-6 marker expression, and upregulated expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines including TGF-β. Finally, when the gels were implanted subcutaneously into healthy mice, we observed infiltration of pro-inflammatory myeloid cells in HA-HA gels, while immunosuppressive phenotypes were observed within the HA-GA gels. Taken together these data suggest that HA-GA gels are an ideal injectable scaffold for viable immunotherapeutic interventions. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Host immune response against the implanted scaffolds that are designed to deliver stem cells or therapeutic proteins in vivo significantly limits the functional outcome. For this reason, we have designed immunomodulatory injectable scaffolds that can favorably polarize the recruited macrophages and impart antioxidant properties to suppress oxidative stress. Specifically, we have tailored a hyaluronic acid-based extracellular matrix mimetic injectable scaffold that is grafted with immunomodulatory gallol moiety. Gallol functionalization of hydrogel not only enhanced the mechanical properties of the scaffold by forming an interpenetrating network but also induced antioxidant properties, tissue adhesive properties, and polarized primary murine macrophages to immunosuppressive phenotype. We believe such immunoresponsive implants will pave the way for developing the next-generation of biomaterials for regenerative medicine applications.
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8
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Danielsson H, Tebani A, Zhong W, Fagerberg L, Brusselaers N, Hård AL, Uhlén M, Hellström A. Blood protein profiles related to preterm birth and retinopathy of prematurity. Pediatr Res 2022; 91:937-946. [PMID: 33895781 PMCID: PMC9064798 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-021-01528-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nearly one in ten children is born preterm. The degree of immaturity is a determinant of the infant's health. Extremely preterm infants have higher morbidity and mortality than term infants. One disease affecting extremely preterm infants is retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), a multifactorial neurovascular disease that can lead to retinal detachment and blindness. The advances in omics technology have opened up possibilities to study protein expressions thoroughly with clinical accuracy, here used to increase the understanding of protein expression in relation to immaturity and ROP. METHODS Longitudinal serum protein profiles the first months after birth in 14 extremely preterm infants were integrated with perinatal and ROP data. In total, 448 unique protein targets were analyzed using Proximity Extension Assays. RESULTS We found 20 serum proteins associated with gestational age and/or ROP functioning within mainly angiogenesis, hematopoiesis, bone regulation, immune function, and lipid metabolism. Infants with severe ROP had persistent lower levels of several identified proteins during the first postnatal months. CONCLUSIONS The study contributes to the understanding of the relationship between longitudinal serum protein levels and immaturity and abnormal retinal neurovascular development. This is essential for understanding pathophysiological mechanisms and to optimize diagnosis, treatment and prevention for ROP. IMPACT Longitudinal protein profiles of 14 extremely preterm infants were analyzed using a novel multiplex protein analysis platform combined with perinatal data. Proteins associated with gestational age at birth and the neurovascular disease ROP were identified. Among infants with ROP, longitudinal levels of the identified proteins remained largely unchanged during the first postnatal months. The main functions of the proteins identified were angiogenesis, hematopoiesis, immune function, bone regulation, lipid metabolism, and central nervous system development. The study contributes to the understanding of longitudinal serum protein patterns related to gestational age and their association with abnormal retinal neuro-vascular development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Danielsson
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Centre for Translational Microbiome Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden ,grid.416648.90000 0000 8986 2221Sach’s Children’s and Youth Hospital, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Abdellah Tebani
- grid.5037.10000000121581746Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Protein Science, KTH—Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden ,grid.41724.340000 0001 2296 5231Department of Metabolic Biochemistry, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France ,grid.41724.340000 0001 2296 5231Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, CHU Rouen, INSERM U1245, Rouen, France
| | - Wen Zhong
- grid.5037.10000000121581746Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Protein Science, KTH—Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Linn Fagerberg
- grid.5037.10000000121581746Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Protein Science, KTH—Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nele Brusselaers
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Centre for Translational Microbiome Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden ,grid.5284.b0000 0001 0790 3681Global Health Institute, Antwerp University, Antwerp, Belgium ,grid.5342.00000 0001 2069 7798Department of Head and Skin, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Anna-Lena Hård
- grid.1649.a000000009445082XThe Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mathias Uhlén
- grid.5037.10000000121581746Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Protein Science, KTH—Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ann Hellström
- The Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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9
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Soedono S, Cho KW. Adipose Tissue Dendritic Cells: Critical Regulators of Obesity-Induced Inflammation and Insulin Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168666. [PMID: 34445379 PMCID: PMC8395475 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation of the adipose tissue (AT) is a critical component of obesity-induced insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Adipose tissue immune cells, including AT macrophages (ATMs), AT dendritic cells (ATDCs), and T cells, are dynamically regulated by obesity and participate in obesity-induced inflammation. Among AT resident immune cells, ATDCs are master immune regulators and engage in crosstalk with various immune cells to initiate and regulate immune responses. However, due to confounding markers and lack of animal models, their exact role and contribution to the initiation and maintenance of AT inflammation and insulin resistance have not been clearly elucidated. This paper reviews the current understanding of ATDCs and their role in obesity-induced AT inflammation. We also provide the potential mechanisms by which ATDCs regulate AT inflammation and insulin resistance in obesity. Finally, this review offers perspectives on ways to better dissect the distinct functions and contributions of ATDCs to obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shindy Soedono
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea;
| | - Kae Won Cho
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea;
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-Bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-41-413-5028
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10
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Porsche CE, Delproposto JB, Geletka L, O'Rourke R, Lumeng CN. Obesity results in adipose tissue T cell exhaustion. JCI Insight 2021; 6:139793. [PMID: 33724954 PMCID: PMC8119198 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.139793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite studies implicating adipose tissue T cells (ATT) in the initiation and persistence of adipose tissue inflammation, fundamental gaps in knowledge regarding ATT function impedes progress toward understanding how obesity influences adaptive immunity. We hypothesized that ATT activation and function would have tissue-resident–specific properties and that obesity would potentiate their inflammatory properties. We assessed ATT activation and inflammatory potential within mouse and human stromal vascular fraction (SVF). Surprisingly, murine and human ATTs from obese visceral white adipose tissue exhibited impaired inflammatory characteristics upon stimulation. Both environmental and cell-intrinsic factors are implicated in ATT dysfunction. Soluble factors from obese SVF inhibit ATT activation. Additionally, chronic signaling from macrophage major histocompatibility complex II (MHCII) is necessary for ATT impairment in obese adipose tissue but is independent of increased PD1 expression. To assess intracellular signaling mechanisms responsible for ATT inflammation impairments, single-cell RNA sequencing of ATTs was performed. ATTs in obese adipose tissue exhibit enrichment of genes characteristic of T cell exhaustion and increased expression of coinhibitory receptor Btla. In sum, this work suggests that obesity-induced ATTs have functional characteristics and gene expression resembling T cell exhaustion induced by local soluble factors and cell-to-cell interactions in adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lynn Geletka
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, and
| | - Robert O'Rourke
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Department of Surgery, Ann Arbor Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Carey N Lumeng
- Graduate Program in Immunology.,Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, and
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11
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Antony A, Lian Z, Perrard XD, Perrard J, Liu H, Cox AR, Saha P, Hennighausen L, Hartig SM, Ballantyne CM, Wu H. Deficiency of Stat1 in CD11c + Cells Alters Adipose Tissue Inflammation and Improves Metabolic Dysfunctions in Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet. Diabetes 2021; 70:720-732. [PMID: 33323395 PMCID: PMC7897343 DOI: 10.2337/db20-0634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
CD11c+ macrophages/dendritic cells (MDCs) are increased and display the classically activated M1-like phenotype in obese adipose tissue (AT) and may contribute to AT inflammation and insulin resistance. Stat1 is a key transcription factor for MDC polarization into the M1-like phenotype. Here, we examined the role of Stat1 in obesity-induced AT MDC polarization and inflammation and insulin resistance using mice with specific knockout of Stat1 in MDCs (cKO). Stat1 was upregulated and phosphorylated, indicating activation, early and persistently in AT and AT MDCs of wild-type mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD). Compared with littermate controls, cKO mice fed an HFD (16 weeks) had reductions in MDC (mainly CD11c+ macrophage) M1-like polarization and interferon-γ-expressing T-helper type 1 (Th1) cells but increases in interleukin 5-expressing Th2 cells and eosinophils in perigonadal and inguinal AT, and enhanced inguinal AT browning, with increased energy expenditure. cKO mice compared with controls also had significant reductions in triglyceride content in the liver and skeletal muscle and exhibited improved insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance. Taken together, our results demonstrate that Stat1 in MDCs plays an important role in obesity-induced MDC M1-like polarization and AT inflammation and contributes to insulin resistance and metabolic dysfunctions in obese mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antu Antony
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Zeqin Lian
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | | | - Jerry Perrard
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Hua Liu
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Aaron R Cox
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Pradip Saha
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Lothar Hennighausen
- Laboratory of Genetics and Physiology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD
| | - Sean M Hartig
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Christie M Ballantyne
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Center for Cardiometabolic Disease Prevention, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Huaizhu Wu
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
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12
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Dordevic AL, Coort SL, Evelo CT, Murgia C, Sinclair AJ, Bonham MP, Larsen AE, Gran P, Cameron-Smith D. Blunted nutrient-response pathways in adipose tissue following high fat meals in men with metabolic syndrome: A randomized postprandial transcriptomic study. Clin Nutr 2020; 40:1355-1366. [PMID: 32928582 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2020.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excessive adipose tissue is central to disease burden posed by the Metabolic Syndrome (MetS). Whilst much is known of the altered transcriptomic regulation of adipose tissue under fasting conditions, little is known of the responses to high-fat meals. METHODS Nineteen middle-aged males (mean ± SD 52.0 ± 4.6 years), consumed two isocaloric high-fat, predominately dairy-based or soy-based, breakfast meals. Abdominal subcutaneous adipose biopsies were collected after overnight fast (0 h) and 4 h following each meal. Global gene expression profiling was performed by microarray (Illumina Human WG-6 v3). RESULTS In the fasted state, 13 genes were differently expressed between control and MetS adipose tissue (≥1.2 fold-difference, p < 0.05). In response to the meals, the control participants had widespread increases in genes related to cellular nutrient responses (≥1.2 fold-change, p < 0.05; 2444 & 2367 genes; dairy & soy, respectively). There was blunted response in the MetS group (≥1.2 fold-change, p < 0.05; 332 & 336 genes; dairy & soy, respectively). CONCLUSIONS In middle-aged males with MetS, a widespread suppression of the subcutaneous adipose tissue nutrient responsive gene expression suggests an inflexibility in the transcriptomic responsiveness to both high-fat meals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimee L Dordevic
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics & Food, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Susan L Coort
- Department of Bioinformatics - BiGCaT, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Metabolism in Translational Research, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Chris T Evelo
- Department of Bioinformatics - BiGCaT, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Metabolism in Translational Research, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Chiara Murgia
- School of Agriculture and Food, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Andrew J Sinclair
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics & Food, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Maxine P Bonham
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics & Food, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Amy E Larsen
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Petra Gran
- Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - David Cameron-Smith
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; The Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand; Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
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13
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Transcriptome Analysis of Testis from HFD-Induced Obese Rats ( Rattus norvigicus) Indicated Predisposition for Male Infertility. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186493. [PMID: 32899471 PMCID: PMC7554891 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a worldwide life-threatening metabolic disorder, associated with various chronic diseases, including male infertility. Obesity was induced by high fat diet (HFD), and testis RNA was used for the transcriptome analysis using RNAseq via Illumina NovaSeq 6000 System and NovaSeq 6000 Kit. Gene expression level was estimated as FPKM (Fragments Per Kilobase of transcript per Million mapped reads). Differential expressed genes (DEGs) were annotated against gene ontology (GO) and KEGG databases. More than 63.66 million reads per sample were performed with 100 bp cutoff and 6 Gb sequencing depth. Results of this study revealed that 267 GO terms (245 biological processes (BP), 14 cellular components (CC), eight molecular functions (MF)), and 89 KEGG pathways were significantly enriched. Moreover, total numbers of 136 genes were differentially expressed (107 upregulated, 29 downregulated) with |FC| ≥ 2 and bh adjusted <0.05. Interesting DEGs were detected, including obesity and lipid metabolism-related genes, immune response-related genes, cytochrome P450 genes, including aromatase were upregulated, whereas genes related to male fertility and fertilization, cell adhesion, and olfactory receptors were downregulated. The combined expression pattern of the DEGs in obese animals indicated an increase in cholesterol metabolism. Furthermore, high aromatase activity enhances the testosterone turnover into estradiol and lowers the testosterone/estradiol (T/E) ratio, which ultimately reduces fertility. In addition, downregulation of cadherens junction components genes leads to the pre-mature release of sperm from Sertoli cells resulting in the reduction of fertility. Moreover, the downregulation of olfactory receptor genes reduces the chemotaxis capacity of sperms in tracking the oocyte for fertilization, which reduces male fertility. Furthermore, various obesity molecular markers were detected in our transcriptome. The results of this study will enhance our understanding of the molecular network of obesity development, development of obesity novel molecular diagnosis markers, molecular bases of obesity-induced infertility, and the development of anti-obesity drugs.
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14
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Stivers KB, Chilton PM, Beare JE, Dale JR, Alard P, LeBlanc AJ, Hoying JB. Adipose‐resident myeloid‐derived suppressor cells modulate immune cell homeostasis in healthy mice. Immunol Cell Biol 2020; 98:650-666. [DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katlin B Stivers
- Cardiovascular Innovation Institute University of Louisville School of Medicine Louisville KY40202USA
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology University of Louisville School of Medicine Louisville KY40202USA
| | - Paula M Chilton
- Cardiovascular Innovation Institute University of Louisville School of Medicine Louisville KY40202USA
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology University of Louisville School of Medicine Louisville KY40202USA
| | - Jason E Beare
- Cardiovascular Innovation Institute University of Louisville School of Medicine Louisville KY40202USA
| | - Jacob R Dale
- Cardiovascular Innovation Institute University of Louisville School of Medicine Louisville KY40202USA
| | - Pascale Alard
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology University of Louisville School of Medicine Louisville KY40202USA
| | - Amanda J LeBlanc
- Cardiovascular Innovation Institute University of Louisville School of Medicine Louisville KY40202USA
- Department of Physiology University of Louisville School of Medicine Louisville KY40292USA
| | - James B Hoying
- Cardiovascular Innovation Institute University of Louisville School of Medicine Louisville KY40202USA
- Department of Physiology University of Louisville School of Medicine Louisville KY40292USA
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15
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Prasad M, Chen EW, Toh SA, Gascoigne NRJ. Autoimmune responses and inflammation in type 2 diabetes. J Leukoc Biol 2020; 107:739-748. [PMID: 32202348 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3mr0220-243r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity-induced insulin resistance is one of the largest noncommunicable disease epidemics that we are facing at the moment. Changes in lifestyle and greater availability of low nutritional value, high caloric food has led to the highest rates of obesity in history. Obesity impacts the immune system and obesity-associated inflammation contributes to metabolic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes. Both the adaptive and the innate immune system play a role in the regulation of glycemic control, and there is a need to understand how metabolic imbalances drive disease pathogenesis. This review discusses the cell types, mediators, and pathways that contribute to immunologic-metabolic crosstalk and explores how the immune system might be targeted as a strategy to treat metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukul Prasad
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Elijah W Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sue-Anne Toh
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore.,Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore.,Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nicholas R J Gascoigne
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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16
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Depletion of CD40 on CD11c + cells worsens the metabolic syndrome and ameliorates hepatic inflammation during NASH. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14702. [PMID: 31604965 PMCID: PMC6789104 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50976-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The co-stimulatory CD40-CD40L dyad plays a central role in fine-tuning immune reactions, including obesity-induced inflammation. Genetic ablation of CD40L reduced adipose tissue inflammation, while absence of CD40 resulted in aggravated metabolic dysfunction in mice. During obesity, CD40 expressing CD11c+ dendritic cells (DC) and macrophages accumulate in adipose tissue and liver. We investigated the role of CD40+CD11c+ cells in the metabolic syndrome and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). DC-CD40-ko mice (CD40fl/flCD11ccre) mice were subjected to obesity or NASH. Obesity and insulin resistance were induced by feeding mice a 54% high fat diet (HFD). NASH was induced by feeding mice a diet containing 40% fat, 20% fructose and 2% cholesterol. CD40fl/flCD11ccre mice fed a HFD displayed increased weight gain, increased adipocyte size, and worsened insulin resistance. Moreover, CD40fl/flCD11ccre mice had higher plasma and hepatic cholesterol levels and developed profound liver steatosis. Overall, regulatory T cell numbers were decreased in these mice. In NASH, absence of CD40 on CD11c+ cells slightly decreased liver inflammation but did not affect liver lipid accumulation. Our experiments suggest that CD40 expressing CD11c+ cells can act as a double-edged sword: CD40 expressing CD11c+ cells contribute to liver inflammation during NASH but are protective against the metabolic syndrome via induction of regulatory T cells.
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17
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Liu R, Nikolajczyk BS. Tissue Immune Cells Fuel Obesity-Associated Inflammation in Adipose Tissue and Beyond. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1587. [PMID: 31379820 PMCID: PMC6653202 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity-associated inflammation stems from a combination of cell-intrinsic changes of individual immune cell subsets and the dynamic crosstalk amongst a broad array of immune cells. Although much of the focus of immune cell contributions to metabolic disease has focused on adipose tissue-associated cells, these potent sources of inflammation inhabit other metabolic regulatory tissues, including liver and gut, and recirculate to promote systemic inflammation and thus obesity comorbidities. Tissue-associated immune cells, especially T cell subpopulations, have become a hotspot of inquiry based on their contributions to obesity, type 2 diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases and certain types of cancers. The cell-cell interactions that take place under the stress of obesity are mediated by intracellular contact and cytokine production, and constitute a complicated network that drives the phenotypic alterations of immune cells and perpetuates a feed-forward loop of metabolic decline. Herein we discuss immune cell functions in various tissues and obesity-associated cancers from the viewpoint of inflammation. We also emphasize recent advances in the understanding of crosstalk amongst immune cell subsets under obese conditions, and suggest future directions for focused investigations with clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Barbara S. Nikolajczyk
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, Barnstable Brown Diabetes and Obesity Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
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18
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Kalathookunnel Antony A, Lian Z, Wu H. T Cells in Adipose Tissue in Aging. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2945. [PMID: 30619305 PMCID: PMC6299975 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Similar to obesity, aging is associated with visceral adiposity and insulin resistance. Inflammation in adipose tissue, mainly evidenced by increased accumulation and proinflammatory polarization of T cells and macrophages, has been well-documented in obesity and may contribute to the associated metabolic dysfunctions including insulin resistance. Studies show that increased inflammation, including inflammation in adipose tissue, also occurs in aging, so-called "inflamm-aging." Aging-associated inflammation in adipose tissue has some similarities but also differences compared to obesity-related inflammation. In particular, conventional T cells are elevated in adipose tissue in both obesity and aging and have been implicated in metabolic functions in obesity. However, the changes and also possibly functions of regulatory T cells (Treg) in adipose tissue are different in aging and obesity. In this review, we will summarize recent advances in research on the changes of these immune cells in adipose tissue with aging and obesity and discuss their possible contributions to metabolism and the potential of these immune cells as novel therapeutic targets for prevention and treatment of metabolic diseases associated with aging or obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zeqin Lian
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Huaizhu Wu
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
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19
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Zhou H, Liu F. Regulation, Communication, and Functional Roles of Adipose Tissue-Resident CD4 + T Cells in the Control of Metabolic Homeostasis. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1961. [PMID: 30233575 PMCID: PMC6134258 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence accumulated over the past few years has documented a critical role for adipose tissue (AT)-resident immune cells in the regulation of local and systemic metabolic homeostasis. In the lean state, visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is predominated by anti-inflammatory T-helper 2 (Th2) and regulatory T (Treg) cell subsets. As obesity progresses, the population of Th2 and Treg cells decreases while that of the T-helper 1 (Th1) and T-helper 17 (Th17) cells increases, leading to augmented inflammation and insulin resistance. Notably, recent studies also suggest a potential role of CD4+ T cells in the control of thermogenesis and energy homeostasis. In this review, we have summarized recent advances in understanding the characteristics and functional roles of AT CD4+ T cell subsets during obesity and energy expenditure. We have also discussed new findings on the crosstalk between CD4+ T cells and local antigen-presenting cells (APCs) including adipocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells (DCs) to regulate AT function and metabolic homeostasis. Finally, we have highlighted the therapeutic potential of targeting CD4+ T cells as an effective strategy for the treatment of obesity and its associated metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Zhou
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center of Central South University, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center of Central South University, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
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20
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Aarts SABM, Reiche ME, den Toom M, Beckers L, Gijbels MJJ, Gerdes N, de Winther MPJ, Lutgens E. Macrophage CD40 plays a minor role in obesity-induced metabolic dysfunction. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0202150. [PMID: 30096208 PMCID: PMC6086432 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a low-grade inflammatory disease that increases the risk for metabolic disorders. CD40-CD40L signaling plays a central role in obesity-induced inflammation. Genetic deficiency of CD40L in diet-induced obesity (DIO) ameliorates adipose tissue inflammation, hepatic steatosis and increases insulin sensitivity. Unexpectedly, absence of CD40 worsened insulin resistance and caused excessive adipose tissue inflammation and hepatosteatosis. To investigate whether deficiency of macrophage CD40 is responsible for the phenotype observed in the CD40-/- mice, we generated CD40flflLysMcre and fed them a standard (SFD) and 54% high fat obesogenic diet (HFD) for 13 weeks. No differences in body weight, adipose tissue weight, adipocyte size, plasma cholesterol or triglyceride levels could be observed between CD40flflLysMcre and wild type (WT) mice. CD40flflLysMcre displayed no changes in glucose tolerance or insulin resistance, but had higher plasma adiponectin levels when fed a SFD. Liver weights, liver cholesterol and triglyceride levels, as well as the degree of hepatosteatosis were not affected by absence of macrophage CD40. CD40flflLysMcre mice displayed a minor increase in adipose tissue leukocyte infiltration on SFD and HFD, which did not result in differences in adipose tissue cytokine levels. We here show that loss of macrophage CD40 signaling does not affect obesity induced metabolic dysregulation and indicates that CD40-deficiency on other cell-types than the macrophage is responsible for the metabolic dysregulation, adipose tissue inflammation and hepatosteatosis that are observed in CD40-/- mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne A B M Aarts
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Myrthe E Reiche
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Myrthe den Toom
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Linda Beckers
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marion J J Gijbels
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Norbert Gerdes
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig Maximilian University (LMU), Munich, Germany.,Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Menno P J de Winther
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig Maximilian University (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Esther Lutgens
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig Maximilian University (LMU), Munich, Germany
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21
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Šimják P, Cinkajzlová A, Anderlová K, Pařízek A, Mráz M, Kršek M, Haluzík M. The role of obesity and adipose tissue dysfunction in gestational diabetes mellitus. J Endocrinol 2018; 238:R63-R77. [PMID: 29743342 DOI: 10.1530/joe-18-0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus is defined as diabetes diagnosed in the second or third trimester of pregnancy in patients with no history of diabetes prior to gestation. It is the most common complication of pregnancy. The underlying pathophysiology shares some common features with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) combining relatively insufficient insulin secretion with increased peripheral insulin resistance. While a certain degree of insulin resistance is the physiological characteristics of the second half of pregnancy, it is significantly more pronounced in patients with gestational diabetes. Adipose tissue dysfunction and subclinical inflammation in obesity are well-described causes of increased insulin resistance in non-pregnant subjects and are often observed in individuals with T2DM. Emerging evidence of altered adipokine expression and local inflammation in adipose tissue in patients with gestational diabetes suggests an important involvement of adipose tissue in its etiopathogenesis. This review aims to summarize current knowledge of adipose tissue dysfunction and its role in the development of gestational diabetes. We specifically focus on the significance of alterations of adipokines and immunocompetent cells number and phenotype in fat. Detailed understanding of the role of adipose tissue in gestational diabetes may provide new insights into its pathophysiology and open new possibilities of its prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrik Šimják
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Cinkajzlová
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Anderlová
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
- 3rd Department of Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Antonín Pařízek
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Miloš Mráz
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
- Diabetes Centre, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Kršek
- 3rd Department of Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
- 2nd Internal Department, 3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Královské Vinohrady, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Haluzík
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
- Diabetes Centre, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
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22
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Distinct macrophage populations direct inflammatory versus physiological changes in adipose tissue. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E5096-E5105. [PMID: 29760084 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1802611115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 255] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is characterized by an accumulation of macrophages in adipose, some of which form distinct crown-like structures (CLS) around fat cells. While multiple discrete adipose tissue macrophage (ATM) subsets are thought to exist, their respective effects on adipose tissue, and the transcriptional mechanisms that underlie the functional differences between ATM subsets, are not well understood. We report that obese fat tissue of mice and humans contain multiple distinct populations of ATMs with unique tissue distributions, transcriptomes, chromatin landscapes, and functions. Mouse Ly6c ATMs reside outside of CLS and are adipogenic, while CD9 ATMs reside within CLS, are lipid-laden, and are proinflammatory. Adoptive transfer of Ly6c ATMs into lean mice activates gene programs typical of normal adipocyte physiology. By contrast, adoptive transfer of CD9 ATMs drives gene expression that is characteristic of obesity. Importantly, human adipose tissue contains similar ATM populations, including lipid-laden CD9 ATMs that increase with body mass. These results provide a higher resolution of the cellular and functional heterogeneity within ATMs and provide a framework within which to develop new immune-directed therapies for the treatment of obesity and related sequela.
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Adipose-derived cellular therapies in solid organ and vascularized-composite allotransplantation. Curr Opin Organ Transplant 2018; 22:490-498. [PMID: 28873074 DOI: 10.1097/mot.0000000000000452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Controlling acute allograft rejection following vascularized composite allotransplantation requires strict adherence to courses of systemic immunosuppression. Discovering new methods to modulate the alloreactive immune response is essential for widespread application of vascularized composite allotransplantation. Here, we discuss how adipose-derived cellular therapies represent novel treatment options for immune modulation and tolerance induction in vascularized composite allotransplantation. RECENT FINDINGS Adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells are cultured from autologous or allogeneic adipose tissue and possess immunomodulatory qualities capable of prolonging allograft survival in animal models of vascularized composite allotransplantation. Similar immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory effects have been observed with noncultured adipose stromal-vascular-fraction-derived therapies, albeit publication of in-vivo stromal vascular fraction cell modulation in transplantation models is lacking. However, both stromal vascular fraction and adipose derived mesenchymal stem cell therapies have the potential to effectively modulate acute allograft rejection via recruitment and induction of regulatory immune cells. SUMMARY To date, most reports focus on adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells for immune modulation in transplantation despite their phenotypic plasticity and reliance upon culture expansion. Along with the capacity for immune modulation, the supplemental wound healing and vasculogenic properties of stromal vascular fraction, which are not shared by adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells, hint at the profound therapeutic impact stromal vascular fraction-derived treatments could have on controlling acute allograft rejection and tolerance induction in vascularized composite allotransplantation. Ongoing projects in the next few years will help design the best applications of these well tolerated and effective treatments that should reduce the risk/benefit ratio and allow more patients access to vascularized composite allotransplantation therapy.
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Molloy CT, Adkins LJ, Griffin C, Singer K, Weinberg JB. Mouse adenovirus type 1 infection of adipose tissue. Virus Res 2017; 244:90-98. [PMID: 29141203 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2017.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Human adenovirus (HAdV) type 36 seropositivity has been linked to obesity in humans. That link is supported by a small number of studies using HAdV-36 infection of animals that are not natural hosts for HAdVs. In this study, we infected mice with mouse adenovirus type 1 (MAV-1), a mouse pathogen, to determine whether MAV-1 infected adipose tissue and was associated with adipose tissue inflammation and obesity. We detected MAV-1 in adipose tissue during acute MAV-1 infection, but we did not detect virus-induced increases in adipose tissue cytokine expression or histological evidence of adipose tissue inflammation during acute infection. MAV-1 did not persist in adipose tissue at later times, and we did not detect long-term adipose inflammation, increased adipose tissue mass, or body weight in infected mice. Our data indicate that MAV-1 is not associated with obesity in infected mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlyn T Molloy
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Laura J Adkins
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Cameron Griffin
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Kanakadurga Singer
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Jason B Weinberg
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.
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25
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Bharath LP, Ip BC, Nikolajczyk BS. Adaptive Immunity and Metabolic Health: Harmony Becomes Dissonant in Obesity and Aging. Compr Physiol 2017; 7:1307-1337. [PMID: 28915326 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c160042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue (AT) is the primary energy reservoir organ, and thereby plays a critical role in energy homeostasis and regulation of metabolism. AT expands in response to chronic overnutrition or aging and becomes a major source of inflammation that has marked influence on systemic metabolism. The chronic, sterile inflammation that occurs in the AT during the development of obesity or in aging contributes to onset of devastating diseases such as insulin resistance, diabetes, and cardiovascular pathologies. Numerous studies have shown that inflammation in the visceral AT of humans and animals is a critical trigger for the development of metabolic syndrome. This work underscores the well-supported conclusion that the inflammatory immune response and metabolic pathways in the AT are tightly interwoven by multiple layers of relatively conserved mechanisms. During the development of diet-induced obesity or age-associated adiposity, cells of the innate and the adaptive immune systems infiltrate and proliferate in the AT. Macrophages, which dominate AT-associated immune cells in mouse models of obesity, but are less dominant in obese people, have been studied extensively. However, cells of the adaptive immune system, including T cells and B cells, contribute significantly to AT inflammation, perhaps more in humans than in mice. Lymphocytes regulate recruitment of innate immune cells into AT, and produce cytokines that influence the helpful-to-harmful inflammatory balance that, in turn, regulates organismal metabolism. This review describes inflammation, or more precisely, metabolic inflammation (metaflammation) with an eye toward the AT and the roles lymphocytes play in regulation of systemic metabolism during obesity and aging. © 2017 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 7:1307-1337, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leena P Bharath
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Blanche C Ip
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Physiology and Biotechnology, Center of Biomedical Engineering, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
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26
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Keuper M, Sachs S, Walheim E, Berti L, Raedle B, Tews D, Fischer-Posovszky P, Wabitsch M, Hrabě de Angelis M, Kastenmüller G, Tschöp MH, Jastroch M, Staiger H, Hofmann SM. Activated macrophages control human adipocyte mitochondrial bioenergetics via secreted factors. Mol Metab 2017; 6:1226-1239. [PMID: 29031722 PMCID: PMC5641636 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2017.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obesity-associated WAT inflammation is characterized by the accumulation and local activation of macrophages (MΦs), and recent data from mouse studies suggest that macrophages are modifiers of adipocyte energy metabolism and mitochondrial function. As mitochondrial dysfunction has been associated with obesity and the metabolic syndrome in humans, herein we aimed to delineate how human macrophages may affect energy metabolism of white adipocytes. METHODS Human adipose tissue gene expression analysis for markers of macrophage activation and tissue inflammation (CD11c, CD40, CD163, CD206, CD80, MCP1, TNFα) in relationship to mitochondrial complex I (NDUFB8) and complex III (UQCRC2) was performed on subcutaneous WAT of 24 women (BMI 20-61 kg/m2). Guided by these results, the impact of secreted factors of LPS/IFNγ- and IL10/TGFβ-activated human macrophages (THP1, primary blood-derived) on mitochondrial function in human subcutaneous white adipocytes (SGBS, primary) was determined by extracellular flux analysis (Seahorse technology) and gene/protein expression. RESULTS Stepwise regression analysis of human WAT gene expression data revealed that a linear combination of CD40 and CD163 was the strongest predictor for mitochondrial complex I (NDUFB8) and complex III (UQCRC2) levels, independent of BMI. IL10/TGFβ-activated MΦs displayed high CD163 and low CD40 expression and secreted factors that decreased UQCRC2 gene/protein expression and ATP-linked respiration in human white adipocytes. In contrast, LPS/IFNγ-activated MΦs showed high CD40 and low CD163 expression and secreted factors that enhanced adipocyte mitochondrial activity resulting in a total difference of 37% in ATP-linked respiration of white adipocytes (p = 0.0024) when comparing the effect of LPS/IFNγ- vs IL10/TGFβ-activated MΦs. CONCLUSION Our data demonstrate that macrophages modulate human adipocyte energy metabolism via an activation-dependent paracrine mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Keuper
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Stephan Sachs
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ellen Walheim
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany; Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Lucia Berti
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany; Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bernhard Raedle
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Daniel Tews
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Pamela Fischer-Posovszky
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Martin Wabitsch
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Martin Hrabě de Angelis
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany; Chair of Experimental Genetics, School of Life Science Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Alte Akademie 8, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Gabi Kastenmüller
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Matthias H Tschöp
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany; Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martin Jastroch
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany; Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Harald Staiger
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany; Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Germany
| | - Susanna M Hofmann
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany; Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der LMU, 80336 München, Germany
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27
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El Akoum S, Haddad Y, Couture R. Impact of pioglitazone and bradykinin type 1 receptor antagonist on type 2 diabetes in high-fat diet-fed C57BL/6J mice. Obes Sci Pract 2017; 3:352-362. [PMID: 29071111 PMCID: PMC5598024 DOI: 10.1002/osp4.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a major complication of obesity and a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Antagonizing bradykinin type 1 receptor (B1R) improved body and tissue fat mass and reversed vascular and adipose tissue inflammation in a rat model of insulin resistance. This study aimed at evaluating further the role of B1R in a mouse model of T2D by comparing the antidiabetic and anti‐inflammatory effects of the B1R antagonist SSR240612 (SSR) in adipose tissue with those of pioglitazone (TZD), an activator of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma. Methods C57BL/6J mice were fed with high‐fat diet (HFD) or standard diet (control) for 20 weeks. Yet, during the last 4 weeks, HFD‐fed mice were administered SSR and TZD (10 mg kg−1 d−1 each) as monotherapy or combined therapy subcutaneously. The impact of treatments was measured on metabolic hormones levels (ELISA), adipose tissue inflammatory status and the expression of candidate genes involved in T2D (quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction and western blot). Results SSR240612 and TZD treatments improved hyperglycaemia, hyperinsulinaemia, insulin resistance, adipose tissue inflammation (expression of B1R, chemokine ligand 2, F4/80 and tumour necrosis factor) and modulated adipogenesis (peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma, adipocytes' protein 2 and CD40 expressions) in HFD‐fed mice. Yet, SSR was more effective than TZD to reduce visceral fat mass and resistin. TZD/SSR combined treatment had an additive effect to improve insulin sensitivity and glucose intolerance. Conclusion Bradykinin type 1 receptor antagonism could represent a promising therapeutic tool in combination with TZD for the treatment of T2D, obesity and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- S El Akoum
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Faculté de Médecine Université de Montréal Montréal Canada.,CHUM Research Center Montréal Canada
| | - Y Haddad
- Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine Université de Montréal Montréal Canada
| | - R Couture
- Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine Université de Montréal Montréal Canada
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28
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Cinkajzlová A, Mráz M, Haluzík M. Lymphocytes and macrophages in adipose tissue in obesity: markers or makers of subclinical inflammation? PROTOPLASMA 2017; 254:1219-1232. [PMID: 28150048 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-017-1082-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is accompanied by the development of chronic low-grade inflammation in adipose tissue. The presence of chronic inflammatory response along with metabolically harmful factors released by adipose tissue into the circulation is associated with several metabolic complications of obesity such as type 2 diabetes mellitus or accelerated atherosclerosis. The present review is focused on macrophages and lymphocytes and their possible role in low-grade inflammation in fat. Both macrophages and lymphocytes respond to obesity-induced adipocyte hypertrophy by their migration into adipose tissue. After activation and differentiation, they contribute to the development of local inflammatory response and modulation of endocrine function of adipose tissue. Despite intensive research, the exact role of lymphocytes and macrophages within adipose tissue is only partially clarified and various data obtained by different approaches bring ambiguous information with respect to their polarization and cytokine production. Compared to immunocompetent cells, the role of adipocytes in the obesity-related adipose tissue inflammation is often underestimated despite their abundant production of factors with immunomodulatory actions such as cytokines or adipokines such as leptin, adiponektin, and others. In summary, conflicting evidence together with only partial correlation of in vitro findings with true in vivo situation due to great heterogeneity and molecular complexity of tissue environment calls for intensive research in this rapidly evolving and important area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Cinkajzlová
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Miloš Mráz
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
- Diabetes Centre, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Haluzík
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic.
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic.
- Diabetes Centre, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic.
- Department of Obesitology, Institute of Endocrinology, Prague, Czech Republic.
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29
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Zamarron BF, Mergian TA, Cho KW, Martinez-Santibanez G, Luan D, Singer K, DelProposto JL, Geletka LM, Muir LA, Lumeng CN. Macrophage Proliferation Sustains Adipose Tissue Inflammation in Formerly Obese Mice. Diabetes 2017; 66:392-406. [PMID: 28108608 PMCID: PMC5248991 DOI: 10.2337/db16-0500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Obesity causes dramatic proinflammatory changes in the adipose tissue immune environment, but relatively little is known regarding how this inflammation responds to weight loss (WL). To understand the mechanisms by which meta-inflammation resolves during WL, we examined adipose tissue leukocytes in mice after withdrawal of a high-fat diet. After 8 weeks of WL, mice achieved similar weights and glucose tolerance values as age-matched lean controls but showed abnormal insulin tolerance. Despite fat mass normalization, total and CD11c+ adipose tissue macrophage (ATM) content remained elevated in WL mice for up to 6 months and was associated with persistent fibrosis in adipose tissue. ATMs in formerly obese mice demonstrated a proinflammatory profile, including elevated expression of interferon-γ, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-1β. T-cell-deficient Rag1-/- mice showed a degree of ATM persistence similar to that in WT mice, but with reduced inflammatory gene expression. ATM proliferation was identified as the predominant mechanism by which ATMs are retained in adipose tissue with WL. Our study suggests that WL does not completely resolve obesity-induced ATM activation, which may contribute to the persistent adipose tissue damage and reduced insulin sensitivity observed in formerly obese mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian F Zamarron
- Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Taleen A Mergian
- College of Literature Sciences and Arts, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Kae Won Cho
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-si, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea
| | | | - Danny Luan
- College of Literature Sciences and Arts, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Kanakadurga Singer
- Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Jennifer L DelProposto
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Lynn M Geletka
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Lindsey A Muir
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Carey N Lumeng
- Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
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30
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Engin AB, Engin A. The Interactions Between Kynurenine, Folate, Methionine and Pteridine Pathways in Obesity. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 960:511-527. [PMID: 28585214 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-48382-5_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Obesity activates both innate and adaptive immune responses in adipose tissue. Elevated levels of eosinophils with depression of monocyte and neutrophil indicate the deficiencies in the immune system of morbidly obese individuals. Actually, adipose tissue macrophages are functional antigen-presenting cells that promote the proliferation of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma)-producing CD4+ T cells in adipose tissue of obese subjects. Eventually, diet-induced obesity is associated with the loss of tissue homeostasis and development of type 1 inflammatory responses in visceral adipose tissue. Activity of inducible indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-1 (IDO-1) plays a major role under pro-inflammatory, IFN-gamma dominated settings. One of the two rate-limiting enzymes which can metabolize tryptophan to kynurenine is IDO-1. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) correlates with IDO-1 in adipose compartments. Actually, IDO-1-mediated tryptophan catabolism due to chronic immune activation is the cause of reduced tryptophan plasma levels and be considered as the driving force for food intake in morbidly obese patients. Thus, decrease in plasma tryptophan levels and subsequent reduction in serotonin (5-HT) production provokes satiety dysregulation that leads to increased caloric uptake and obesity. However, after bariatric surgery, weight reduction does not lead to normalization of IDO-1 activity. Furthermore, there is a connection between arginine and tryptophan metabolic pathways in the generation of reactive nitrogen intermediates. Hence, abdominal obesity is associated with vascular endothelial dysfunction and reduced nitric oxide (NO) availability. IFN-gamma-induced activation of the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and dissociation of endothelial adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase (AMPK)- phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-protein kinase B (Akt)- endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) pathway enhances oxidative stress production secondary to high-fat diet. Thus, reduced endothelial NO availability correlates with the increase in plasma non-esterified fatty acids and triglycerides levels. Additionally, in obese patients, folate-deficiency leads to hyperhomocysteinemia. Folic acid confers protection against hyperhomocysteinemia-induced oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayse Basak Engin
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology, Gazi University, Hipodrom, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Atilla Engin
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of General Surgery, Gazi University, Besevler, Ankara, Turkey.
- , Mustafa Kemal Mah. 2137. Sok. 8/14, 06520, Cankaya, Ankara, Turkey.
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Microparticles derived from obese adipose tissue elicit a pro-inflammatory phenotype of CD16 + , CCR5 + and TLR8 + monocytes. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1863:139-151. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2016.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Majdoubi A, Kishta OA, Thibodeau J. Role of antigen presentation in the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in obese adipose tissue. Cytokine 2016; 82:112-21. [PMID: 26854212 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2016.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2015] [Revised: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Type II diabetes regroups different physiological anomalies that ultimately lead to low-grade chronic inflammation, insulin resistance and loss of pancreatic β-cells. Obesity is one of the best examples of such a condition that can develop into Metabolic Syndrome, causing serious health problems of great socio-economic consequences. The pathological outcome of obesity has a genetic basis and depends on the delicate balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory effectors of the immune system. The causal link between obesity and inflammation is well established. While innate immunity plays a key role in the development of a pro-inflammatory state in obese adipose tissues, it has now become clear that adaptive immune cells are also involved and participate in the cascade of events that lead to metabolic perturbations. The efficacy of some immunotherapeutic protocols in reducing the symptoms of obesity-driven metabolic syndrome in mice implicated all arms of the immune response. Recently, the production of pathogenic immunoglobulins and pro-inflammatory cytokines by B and T lymphocytes suggested an auto-immune basis for the establishment of a non-healthy obese state. Understanding the cellular landscape of obese adipose tissues and how immune cells sustain chronic inflammation holds the key to the development of targeted therapies. In this review, we emphasize the role of antigen-presenting cells and MHC molecules in obese adipose tissue and the general contribution of the adaptive arm of the immune system in inflammation-induced insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelilah Majdoubi
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie Moléculaire, Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Osama A Kishta
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie Moléculaire, Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Jacques Thibodeau
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie Moléculaire, Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada.
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