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Kovacheva E, Gevezova M, Maes M, Sarafian V. The mast cells - Cytokines axis in Autism Spectrum Disorder. Neuropharmacology 2024; 249:109890. [PMID: 38431049 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2024.109890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disturbance, diagnosed in early childhood. It is associated with varying degrees of dysfunctional communication and social skills, repetitive and stereotypic behaviors. Regardless of the constant increase in the number of diagnosed patients, there are still no established treatment schemes in global practice. Many children with ASD have allergic symptoms, often in the absence of mast cell (MC) positive tests. Activation of MCs may release molecules related to inflammation and neurotoxicity, which contribute to the pathogenesis of ASD. The aim of the present paper is to enrich the current knowledge regarding the relationship between MCs and ASD by providing PPI network analysis-based data that reveal key molecules and immune pathways associated with MCs in the pathogenesis of autism. Network and enrichment analyzes were performed using receptor information and secreted molecules from activated MCs identified in ASD patients. Our analyses revealed cytokines and key marker molecules for MCs degranulation, molecular pathways of key mediators released during cell degranulation, as well as various receptors. Understanding the relationship between ASD and the activation of MCs, as well as the involved molecules and interactions, is important for elucidating the pathogenesis of ASD and developing effective future treatments for autistic patients by discovering new therapeutic target molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Kovacheva
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University-Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria; Research Institute at Medical University-Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Maria Gevezova
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University-Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria; Research Institute at Medical University-Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Michael Maes
- Research Institute at Medical University-Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria; Sichuan Provincial Center for Mental Health, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China; Key Laboratory of Psychosomatic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, 610072, China; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, The Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand; Cognitive Fitness and Technology Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Psychiatry, Medical University-Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria; Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, South Korea
| | - Victoria Sarafian
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University-Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria; Research Institute at Medical University-Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
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Domaniku-Waraich A, Agca S, Toledo B, Sucuoglu M, Özen SD, Bilgic SN, Arabaci DH, Kashgari AE, Kir S. Oncostatin M signaling drives cancer-associated skeletal muscle wasting. Cell Rep Med 2024; 5:101498. [PMID: 38569555 PMCID: PMC11031427 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2024.101498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Progressive weakness and muscle loss are associated with multiple chronic conditions, including muscular dystrophy and cancer. Cancer-associated cachexia, characterized by dramatic weight loss and fatigue, leads to reduced quality of life and poor survival. Inflammatory cytokines have been implicated in muscle atrophy; however, available anticytokine therapies failed to prevent muscle wasting in cancer patients. Here, we show that oncostatin M (OSM) is a potent inducer of muscle atrophy. OSM triggers cellular atrophy in primary myotubes using the JAK/STAT3 pathway. Identification of OSM targets by RNA sequencing reveals the induction of various muscle atrophy-related genes, including Atrogin1. OSM overexpression in mice causes muscle wasting, whereas muscle-specific deletion of the OSM receptor (OSMR) and the neutralization of circulating OSM preserves muscle mass and function in tumor-bearing mice. Our results indicate that activated OSM/OSMR signaling drives muscle atrophy, and the therapeutic targeting of this pathway may be useful in preventing muscle wasting.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Samet Agca
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Koc University, Istanbul 34450, Turkiye
| | - Batu Toledo
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Koc University, Istanbul 34450, Turkiye
| | - Melis Sucuoglu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Koc University, Istanbul 34450, Turkiye
| | - Sevgi Döndü Özen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Koc University, Istanbul 34450, Turkiye
| | - Sevval Nur Bilgic
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Koc University, Istanbul 34450, Turkiye
| | - Dilsad Hilal Arabaci
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Koc University, Istanbul 34450, Turkiye
| | - Aynur Erkin Kashgari
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Koc University, Istanbul 34450, Turkiye
| | - Serkan Kir
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Koc University, Istanbul 34450, Turkiye.
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Guglielmo A, Zengarini C, Agostinelli C, Motta G, Sabattini E, Pileri A. The Role of Cytokines in Cutaneous T Cell Lymphoma: A Focus on the State of the Art and Possible Therapeutic Targets. Cells 2024; 13:584. [PMID: 38607023 PMCID: PMC11012008 DOI: 10.3390/cells13070584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous T cell lymphomas (CTCLs), encompassing mycosis fungoides (MF) and Sézary syndrome (SS), present a complex landscape influenced by cytokines and cellular responses. In this work, the intricate relationship between these inflammatory proteins and disease pathogenesis is examined, focusing on what is known at the clinical and therapeutic levels regarding the most well-known inflammatory mediators. An in-depth look is given to their possible alterations caused by novel immunomodulatory drugs and how they may alter disease progression. From this narrative review of the actual scientific landscape, Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) emerges as a central player, demonstrating a dual role in both promoting and inhibiting cancer immunity, but the work navigates through all the major interleukins known in inflammatory environments. Immunotherapeutic perspectives are elucidated, highlighting the crucial role of the cutaneous microenvironment in shaping dysfunctional cell trafficking, antitumor immunity, and angiogenesis in MF, showcasing advancements in understanding and targeting the immune phenotype in CTCL. In summary, this manuscript aims to comprehensively explore the multifaceted aspects of CTCL, from the immunopathogenesis and cytokine dynamics centred around TNF-α and IFN-γ to evolving therapeutic modalities. Including all the major known and studied cytokines in this analysis broadens our understanding of the intricate interplay influencing CTCL, paving the way for improved management of this complex lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Guglielmo
- Institute of Dermatology, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (ASUFC), 33100 Udine, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Corrado Zengarini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Dermatology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudio Agostinelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Haematopathology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanna Motta
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Haematopathology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Elena Sabattini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Haematopathology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandro Pileri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Dermatology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
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Mazzetto R, Miceli P, Tartaglia J, Ciolfi C, Sernicola A, Alaibac M. Role of IL-4 and IL-13 in Cutaneous T Cell Lymphoma. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:245. [PMID: 38398754 PMCID: PMC10889933 DOI: 10.3390/life14020245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The interleukins IL-4 and IL-13 are increasingly recognized contributors to the pathogenesis of cutaneous T cell lymphomas (CTCLs), and their role in disease-associated pruritus is accepted. The prevailing Th2 profile in advanced CTCL underscores the significance of understanding IL-4/IL-13 expression dynamics from the early stages of disease, as a shift from Th1 to Th2 may explain CTCL progression. Targeted agents blocking key cytokines of type 2 immunity are established therapeutics in atopic disorders and have a promising therapeutic potential in CTCL, given their involvement in cutaneous symptoms and their contribution to the pathogenesis of disease. IL-4, IL-13, and IL-31 are implicated in pruritus, offering therapeutic targets with dupilumab, tralokinumab, lebrikizumab, and nemolizumab. This review analyzes current knowledge on the IL-4/IL-13 axis in mycosis fungoides and Sezary syndrome, the most common types of CTCL, examining existing literature on the pathogenetic implications with a focus on investigational treatments. Clinical trials and case reports are required to shed light on novel uses of medications in various diseases, and ongoing research into the role of IL-4/IL-13 axis blockers in CTCL therapy might not only improve the management of disease-related pruritus but also provide in-depth insights on the pathophysiologic mechanisms of CTCL.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Alvise Sernicola
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, 35121 Padova, Italy; (R.M.); (P.M.); (J.T.); (C.C.); (M.A.)
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Anand G, Clark-Dinovo C, Perry AM, Goodwin VM, St. Raymond E, Sakleshpur S, Steed AL. Aromatic amino acid metabolites alter interferon signaling and influenza pathogenesis. Front Mol Biosci 2024; 10:1232573. [PMID: 38322710 PMCID: PMC10844567 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1232573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The ability of gut microbial metabolites to influence the host is increasingly recognized. The microbiota extensively metabolizes the three aromatic amino acids, tryptophan, tyrosine, and phenylalanine. Previously we have found that a metabolite of tyrosine, 4-OH-phenylpropionic acid, can enhance type I interferon (IFN) signaling and protect from influenza pathogenesis in a murine model. Herein we screened 17 related aromatic amino acid metabolites for effects on IFN signaling in human lung epithelial cells and monocytes alone and in the presence of IFN-β, influenza, and LPS. While the tryptophan family metabolites reduced IFN signaling in both cell types, the tyrosine and phenylalanine metabolites had varied effects, which were cell-type dependent. Pooled treatment of all these metabolites reduced IFN signaling in both cell types and suggested a tryptophan metabolite effect dominance. Strikingly, when all the metabolites were pooled together, we found reduced influenza recovery in both cell types. RNA sequencing further validated reduced viral loads and decreased IFN signaling. Single gene silencing of significantly upregulated genes identified by RNA sequencing (EGR2, ATP6VD02, SPOCK1, and IL31RA) did not completely abrogate the metabolite induced decrease in IFN signaling. However, these upregulated targets suggested a mechanistic link to TGF-beta signaling. Treatment with a TGF-beta inhibitor and combined targeted gene silencing led to a significant reversal of metabolite induced IFN signaling suppression. Finally, we demonstrated that intranasal administration of these metabolites prior to influenza infection led to reduced animal morbidity, viral titers, and inflammation. Our work implies that microbial metabolites can alter IFN signaling mechanistically through TGF-beta and promote beneficial outcomes during influenza infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ashley L. Steed
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, United States
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Zheng Y, Zhang J, Guo T, Cao J, Wang L, Zhang J, Pang X, Gao F, Sun H, Xiao H. Canine interleukin-31 binds directly to OSMRβ with higher binding affinity than to IL-31RA. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:302. [PMID: 37588794 PMCID: PMC10425310 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03724-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-31 (IL-31) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine involved in skin inflammation and tumor progression. The IL-31 signaling cascade is initiated by its binding to two receptors, IL-31 receptor alpha (IL-31RA) and oncostatin M receptor subunit beta (OSMRβ). The previous study suggested that human IL-31 (hIL-31) directly interacts with IL-31RA and OSMRβ, independently, but the binding ability of hIL-31 to IL-31RA is stronger than to OSMRβ. In different to its human ortholog, feline IL-31 (fIL-31) has a higher binding affinity for feline OSMRβ. However, the binding pattern of canine IL-31 to its receptors remains to be elucidated. In this study, we purified the recombinant canine IL-31 (rcIL-31) protein and revealed its secondary structure to be mainly composed of alpha-helices. Moreover, in vitro studies show that rcIL-31 has the ability to induce the phosphorylation of signal transducer activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and STAT5 in DH-82 cells. In the following, the binding efficacies of bioactive rcIL-31 for its individual receptor components have been measured using a flow cytometry assay. The result demonstrates that correctly refolded rcIL-31 binds independently with cIL-31RA and cOSMRβ which were expressed on the cell surface. Of note, rcIL-31 has a greater than tenfold higher affinity to OSMRβ than to IL-31RA. Additionally, we demonstrated that D1-D4, especially D4 of cOSMRβ, is crucial for its binding to cIL-31. Furthermore, this study proved that rcIL-31 has a high binding affinity to the soluble cOSMRβ with a KD value of 3.59 × 10-8 M. The results presented in the current study will have a significant implication in the development of drugs or antibodies against diseases induced by cIL-31 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Zheng
- College of Biological Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457 China
- Laboratory of Protein Engineering and Vaccines, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308 China
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308 China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Laboratory of Protein Engineering and Vaccines, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308 China
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308 China
| | - Tianling Guo
- Laboratory of Protein Engineering and Vaccines, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308 China
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308 China
| | - Jin Cao
- College of Biological Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457 China
- Laboratory of Protein Engineering and Vaccines, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308 China
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308 China
| | - Lixian Wang
- Laboratory of Protein Engineering and Vaccines, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308 China
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308 China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Laboratory of Protein Engineering and Vaccines, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308 China
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308 China
| | - Xuefei Pang
- Laboratory of Protein Engineering and Vaccines, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308 China
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308 China
| | - Feng Gao
- Laboratory of Protein Engineering and Vaccines, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308 China
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308 China
| | - Hua Sun
- College of Biological Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457 China
| | - Haixia Xiao
- Laboratory of Protein Engineering and Vaccines, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308 China
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308 China
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Lee S, Lim NY, Kang MS, Jeong Y, Ahn JO, Choi JH, Chung JY. IL-31RA and TRPV1 Expression in Atopic Dermatitis Induced with Trinitrochlorobenzene in Nc/Nga Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13521. [PMID: 37686326 PMCID: PMC10488026 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease. Interleukin 31 (IL-31), a novel cytokine in AD, causes pruritus, typically characteristic of AD patients. The transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) is a cation channel activated by diverse noxious stimuli that has been studied in a variety of pruritic skin diseases. In this study, the AD animal model was generated by administering the hapten, trinitrochlorobenzene (TNCB), to Nc/Nga mice, and the degree of expression of the IL-31 receptor alpha (IL-31RA) and TRPV1 in the skin of these atopic models was evaluated. The Nc/Nga mice were divided into 3 groups: control, TNCB 2-weeks treated, and TNCB 8-weeks treated. After inducing AD, the skin lesions in each group were scored and compared, and the histology of the skin lesions and the IL-31RA and TRPV1 expression for each group were evaluated by analyzing immunohistochemistry. The results show a significant difference in the skin lesion scores between the groups. The immunohistochemistry evaluation highlighted the remarkable expression of IL-31RA and TRPV1 in the nerve fibers of the TNCB 8-weeks-treated group. We thus confirmed that the long-term application of TNCB induced chronic atopic-like dermatitis and that IL-31RA and TRPV1 were overexpressed in the peripheral nerve fibers in this AD model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seokwoo Lee
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, 1 Kangwondaehak-gil, Chuncheon-si 24341, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea; (S.L.); (N.Y.L.); (Y.J.); (J.-O.A.)
| | - Na Yeon Lim
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, 1 Kangwondaehak-gil, Chuncheon-si 24341, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea; (S.L.); (N.Y.L.); (Y.J.); (J.-O.A.)
| | - Min Soo Kang
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Institute of Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, 1 Kangwondaehak-gil, Chuncheon-si 24341, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea; (M.S.K.); (J.H.C.)
| | - Yunho Jeong
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, 1 Kangwondaehak-gil, Chuncheon-si 24341, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea; (S.L.); (N.Y.L.); (Y.J.); (J.-O.A.)
| | - Jin-Ok Ahn
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, 1 Kangwondaehak-gil, Chuncheon-si 24341, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea; (S.L.); (N.Y.L.); (Y.J.); (J.-O.A.)
| | - Jung Hoon Choi
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Institute of Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, 1 Kangwondaehak-gil, Chuncheon-si 24341, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea; (M.S.K.); (J.H.C.)
| | - Jin-Young Chung
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, 1 Kangwondaehak-gil, Chuncheon-si 24341, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea; (S.L.); (N.Y.L.); (Y.J.); (J.-O.A.)
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Murdaca G, Gangemi S, Greco M. The IL-33/IL-31 Axis in Allergic and Immune-Mediated Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119227. [PMID: 37298179 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin 31 (IL-31) belongs to the IL-6 superfamily [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Murdaca
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova and IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Gangemi
- School and Operative Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Monica Greco
- Internal Medicine Department, San Paolo Hospital, 17100 Savona, Italy
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Criado PR, Miot HA, Ianhez M. Eosinophilia and elevated IgE serum levels: a red flag: when your diagnosis is not a common atopic eczema or common allergy. Inflamm Res 2023; 72:541-551. [PMID: 36637497 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-023-01690-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN The hallmark of type 2 inflammation is eosinophilia and/or high IgE serum levels, mostly in atopic dermatitis. Nevertheless, many dermatoses may present similar findings. Our aim is to explore the biological and clinical spectrum of cutaneous manifestations involving tissue and/or systemic eosinophilia, and distinct serum levels of IgE, where atopic dermatitis or other primary allergic eczema, not always is the definitive diagnosis. MATERIALS/METHODS A total of 37 scientific papers were enrolled in this narrative review. RESULTS A diagnostic approach for patients with elevated serum IgE level and a list of conditions not related to atopic dermatitis that runs through inborn errors of immunity, inflammatory disorders, lung disorders, malignancy, infections/infestations are displayed. Regarding to peripheral eosinophilia, differential diagnosis is also explored and clinical patterns of skin diseases associated with tissue eosinophilia are listed, to facilitate our diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS We should maintain a high level of suspicion about other differential diagnosis involving eosinophilia and IgE dysregulation, especially in patients very young (when innate errors of the immunity may present) and in middle to elderly patients classified as having atopic dermatitis, due to the possibility of cutaneous hematological malignancies, paraneoplasia or autoimmune blistering diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Ricardo Criado
- Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Post-Graduation Program, Full Researcher, Rua Carneiro Leão 33, Vila Scarpelli, Santo André, São Paulo, 09050-430, Brazil.
- Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Hélio Amante Miot
- Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mayra Ianhez
- Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG) e Hospital de Doenças Tropicais (HDT-GO), Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
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Zhao Y, Jia S, Zhang K, Zhang L. Serum cytokine levels and other associated factors as possible immunotherapeutic targets and prognostic indicators for lung cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1064616. [PMID: 36874133 PMCID: PMC9977806 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1064616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the most prevalent cancer types and the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for 80-85% of all cancer incidences. Lung cancer therapy and prognosis largely depend on the disease's degree at the diagnosis time. Cytokines are soluble polypeptides that contribute to cell-to-cell communication, acting paracrine or autocrine on neighboring or distant cells. Cytokines are essential for developing neoplastic growth, but they are also known to operate as biological inducers following cancer therapy. Early indications are that inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 and IL-8 play a predictive role in lung cancer. Nevertheless, the biological significance of cytokine levels in lung cancer has not yet been investigated. This review aimed to assess the existing literature on serum cytokine levels and additional factors as potential immunotherapeutic targets and lung cancer prognostic indicators. Changes in serum cytokine levels have been identified as immunological biomarkers for lung cancer and predict the effectiveness of targeted immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghao Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shengnan Jia
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Department of Central Lab, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lian Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Chakraborty R, Darido C, Liu F, Maselko M, Ranganathan S. Head and Neck Cancer Immunotherapy: Molecular Biological Aspects of Preclinical and Clinical Research. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15030852. [PMID: 36765809 PMCID: PMC9913716 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Breakthrough research in the field of immune checkpoint inhibitors and the development of a human papilloma virus vaccine triggered a plethora of research in the field of cancer immunotherapy. Both had significant effects on the treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. The advent of preclinical models and multidisciplinary approaches including bioinformatics, genetic engineering, clinical oncology, and immunology helped in the development of tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy. Here, we discuss different immunotherapies such as adoptive T-cell transfer, immune checkpoint inhibitors, interleukins, and cancer vaccines for the treatment of head and neck cancer. This review showcases the intrinsic relation between the understanding and implementation of basic biology and clinical practice. We also address potential limitations of each immunotherapy approach and the advantages of personalized immunotherapy. Overall, the aim of this review is to encourage further research in the field of immunotherapy for head and neck cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajdeep Chakraborty
- Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Charbel Darido
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Fei Liu
- School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Maciej Maselko
- Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Shoba Ranganathan
- Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
- Correspondence:
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Corano Scheri K, Liang X, Dalal V, Le Poole IC, Varga J, Hayashida T. SARA suppresses myofibroblast precursor transdifferentiation in fibrogenesis in a mouse model of scleroderma. JCI Insight 2022; 7:160977. [PMID: 36136606 PMCID: PMC9675568 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.160977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that Smad anchor for receptor activation (SARA) plays a critical role in maintaining epithelial cell phenotype. Here, we show that SARA suppressed myofibroblast precursor transdifferentiation in a mouse model of scleroderma. Mice overexpressing SARA specifically in PDGFR-β+ pericytes and pan-leukocytes (SARATg) developed significantly less skin fibrosis in response to bleomycin injection compared with wild-type littermates (SARAWT). Single-cell RNA-Seq analysis of skin PDGFR-β+ cells implicated pericyte subsets assuming myofibroblast characteristics under fibrotic stimuli, and SARA overexpression blocked the transition. In addition, a cluster that expresses molecules associated with Th2 cells and macrophage activation was enriched in SARAWT mice, but not in SARATg mice, after bleomycin treatment. Th2-specific Il-31 expression was increased in skin of the bleomycin-treated SARAWT mice and patients with scleroderma (or systemic sclerosis, SSc). Receptor-ligand analyses indicated that lymphocytes mediated pericyte transdifferentiation in SARAWT mice, while with SARA overexpression the myofibroblast activity of pericytes was suppressed. Together, these data suggest a potentially novel crosstalk between myofibroblast precursors and immune cells in the pathogenesis of SSc, in which SARA plays a critical role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia Corano Scheri
- Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Pediatric Nephrology, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Xiaoyan Liang
- Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Vidhi Dalal
- Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Pediatric Nephrology, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - I. Caroline Le Poole
- Departments of Dermatology and Microbiology and Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - John Varga
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Tomoko Hayashida
- Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Pediatric Nephrology, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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13
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Interleukin-31 and soluble CD40L: new candidate serum biomarkers that predict therapeutic response in multiple sclerosis. Neurol Sci 2022; 43:6271-6278. [DOI: 10.1007/s10072-022-06276-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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14
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Calabrese L, Chiricozzi A, De Simone C, Fossati B, D'Amore A, Peris K. Pharmacodynamics of Janus kinase inhibitors for the treatment of atopic dermatitis. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2022; 18:347-355. [PMID: 35796377 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2022.2099835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Atopic dermatitis (AD) is the most common inflammatory skin disorder. Despite the high disease burden, the therapeutic options are limited and their efficacy in controlling AD might be partially satisfactory. AREAS COVERED Most of the key mediators in AD pathogenesis act through the JAK/STAT signaling pathway, which represents a valid therapeutic target. The first generation of JAK inhibitors, namely tofacitinib and ruxolitinib, inhibit multiple JAKs, whereas newer JAK inhibitors show more selective inhibitory effects for specific JAKs. The aim of this review was to discuss the role of the JAK/STAT pathway in AD and its inhibition, with a special focus on pharmacodynamic properties. We checked the English-language literature, published in the last 15 years using PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus. EXPERT OPINION JAK inhibitors have different selectivity for various JAK molecules, which influences their pharmacodynamics, efficacy and safety profile. Since many key cytokines in AD signal through JAK1, and as the selective JAK1 inhibition may be effective, avoiding the concomitant inhibition of JAK2- and JAK3-dependent pathways could be associated with additional safety issues. Therefore, selective JAK1 inhibitors may represent promising therapeutic agents for AD, as they might prevent off-target effects of JAK inhibitors, especially related to the hematologic profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Calabrese
- UOC di Dermatologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli - IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Dermatologia, Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Chiricozzi
- UOC di Dermatologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli - IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Dermatologia, Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Clara De Simone
- UOC di Dermatologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli - IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Dermatologia, Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Fossati
- UOC di Dermatologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli - IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra D'Amore
- UOC di Dermatologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli - IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Ketty Peris
- UOC di Dermatologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli - IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Dermatologia, Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
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15
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Cristofoletti C, Bresin A, Fioretti M, Russo G, Narducci MG. Combined High-Throughput Approaches Reveal the Signals Driven by Skin and Blood Environments and Define the Tumor Heterogeneity in Sézary Syndrome. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14122847. [PMID: 35740513 PMCID: PMC9221051 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14122847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Sézary syndrome (SS) is a leukemic and incurable variant of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma characterized by the accumulation of neoplastic CD4+ lymphocytes in the blood, lymph nodes, and skin. With the exception of allogenic transplantation, no curative chance is available to treat SS, and it is a priority to find new therapies that target SS cells within all disease compartments. This review aims to summarize the more recent analyses conducted on skin- and blood-derived SS cells concurrently obtained from the same SS patients. The results highlighted that skin-SS cells were more active/proliferating with respect to matched blood SS cells that instead appeared quiescent. These data shed the light on the possibility to treat blood and skin SS cells with different compounds, respectively. Moreover, this review recaps the more recent findings on the heterogeneity of circulating SS cells that presented a series of novel markers that could improve diagnosis, prognosis and therapy of this lymphoma. Abstract Sézary syndrome (SS) is an aggressive variant of cutaneous t-cell lymphoma characterized by the accumulation of neoplastic CD4+ lymphocytes—the SS cells—mainly in blood, lymph nodes, and skin. The tumor spread pattern of SS makes this lymphoma a unique model of disease that allows a concurrent blood and skin sampling for analysis. This review summarizes the recent studies highlighting the transcriptional programs triggered by the crosstalk between SS cells and blood–skin microenvironments. Emerging data proved that skin-derived SS cells show consistently higher activation/proliferation rates, mainly driven by T-cell receptor signaling with respect to matched blood SS cells that instead appear quiescent. Biochemical analyses also demonstrated an hyperactivation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR, a targetable pathway by multiple inhibitors currently in clinical trials, in skin SS cells compared with a paired blood counterpart. These results indicated that active and quiescent SS cells coexist in this lymphoma, and that they could be respectively treated with different therapeutics. Finally, this review underlines the more recent discoveries into the heterogeneity of circulating SS cells, highlighting a series of novel markers that could improve the diagnosis and that represent novel therapeutic targets (GPR15, PTPN13, KLRB1, and ITGB1) as well as new genetic markers (PD-1 and CD39) able to stratify SS patients for disease aggressiveness.
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16
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Kwatra SG, Misery L, Clibborn C, Steinhoff M. Molecular and cellular mechanisms of itch and pain in atopic dermatitis and implications for novel therapeutics. Clin Transl Immunology 2022; 11:e1390. [PMID: 35582626 PMCID: PMC9082890 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease. Patients with atopic dermatitis experience inflammatory lesions associated with intense itch and pain, which lead to sleep disturbance and poor mental health and quality of life. We review the molecular mechanisms underlying itch and pain symptoms in atopic dermatitis and discuss the current clinical development of treatments for moderate‐to‐severe atopic dermatitis. The molecular pathology of atopic dermatitis includes aberrant immune activation involving significant cross‐talk among the skin and immune and neuronal cells. Exogenous and endogenous triggers modulate stimulation of mediators including cytokine/chemokine expression/release by the skin and immune cells, which causes inflammation, skin barrier disruption, activation and growth of sensory neurons, itch and pain. These complex interactions among cell types are mediated primarily by cytokines, but also involve chemokines, neurotransmitters, lipids, proteases, antimicrobial peptides, agonists of ion channels or various G protein–coupled receptors. Patients with atopic dermatitis have a cytokine profile characterised by abnormal levels of interleukins 4, 12, 13, 18, 22, 31 and 33; thymic stromal lymphopoietin; and interferon gamma. Cytokine receptors mainly signal through the Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription pathway. Among emerging novel therapeutics, several Janus kinase inhibitors are being developed for topical or systemic treatment of moderate‐to‐severe atopic dermatitis because of their potential to modulate cytokine expression and release. Janus kinase inhibitors lead to changes in gene expression that have favourable effects on local and systemic cytokine release, and probably other mediators, thus successfully modulating molecular mechanisms responsible for itch and pain in atopic dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn G Kwatra
- Department of Dermatology Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore MD USA
| | - Laurent Misery
- Department of Dermatology University Hospital of Brest Brest France
| | | | - Martin Steinhoff
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology Hamad Medical Corporation Doha Qatar.,Translational Research Institute Academic Health System Hamad Medical Corporation Doha Qatar.,Dermatology Institute Academic Health System Hamad Medical Corporation Doha Qatar.,Department of Dermatology Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar Doha Qatar.,Qatar University, College of Medicine Doha Qatar.,Department of Dermatology Weill Cornell Medicine New York NY USA
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17
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Kim SY, Yoon TH, Na J, Yi SJ, Jin Y, Kim M, Oh TH, Chung TW. Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Canine Adipose Tissue Ameliorates Inflammation, Skin Barrier Function and Pruritus by Reducing JAK/STAT Signaling in Atopic Dermatitis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094868. [PMID: 35563259 PMCID: PMC9101369 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Canine atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common chronic inflammatory skin disorder resulting from imbalance between T lymphocytes. Current canine AD treatments use immunomodulatory drugs, but some of the dogs have limitations that do not respond to standard treatment, or relapse after a period of time. Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the immunomodulatory effect of mesenchymal stem cells derived from canine adipose tissue (cASCs) and cASCs-derived extracellular vesicles (cASC-EVs) on AD. First, we isolated and characterized cASCs and cASCs-EVs to use for the improvement of canine atopic dermatitis. Here, we investigated the effect of cASCs or cASC-EVs on DNCB-induced AD in mice, before using for canine AD. Interestingly, we found that cASCs and cASC-EVs improved AD-like dermatitis, and markedly decreased levels of serum IgE, (49.6%, p = 0.002 and 32.1%, p = 0.016 respectively) epidermal inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, such as IL-4 (32%, p = 0.197 and 44%, p = 0.094 respectively), IL-13 (47.4%, p = 0.163, and 50.0%, p = 0.039 respectively), IL-31 (64.3%, p = 0.030 and 76.2%, p = 0.016 respectively), RANTES (66.7%, p = 0.002 and 55.6%, p = 0.007) and TARC (64%, p = 0.016 and 86%, p = 0.010 respectively). In addition, cASCs or cASC-EVs promoted skin barrier repair by restoring transepidermal water loss, enhancing stratum corneum hydration and upregulating the expression levels of epidermal differentiation proteins. Moreover, cASCs or cASC-EVs reduced IL-31/TRPA1-mediated pruritus and activation of JAK/STAT signaling pathway. Taken together, these results suggest the potential of cASCs or cASC-EVs for the treatment of chronic inflammation and damaged skin barrier in AD or canine AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Youl Kim
- GNG CELL Co., Ltd., R&D Center, 122 Unjung-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si 13466, Korea; (S.Y.K.); (T.H.Y.)
| | - Tae Hong Yoon
- GNG CELL Co., Ltd., R&D Center, 122 Unjung-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si 13466, Korea; (S.Y.K.); (T.H.Y.)
| | - Jungtae Na
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, 35 Baekbeom-ro, Mapo-gu, Seoul 04107, Korea;
| | - Seong Joon Yi
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Korea;
| | - Yunseok Jin
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Korea; (Y.J.); (M.K.)
| | - Minji Kim
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Korea; (Y.J.); (M.K.)
| | - Tae-Ho Oh
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Korea; (Y.J.); (M.K.)
- Correspondence: (T.-H.O.); (T.-W.C.)
| | - Tae-Wook Chung
- JIN BioCell Co., Ltd., R&D Center, #101-103, National Clinical Research Center for Korean Medicine, Pusan National University Korean Medicine Hospital, 20 Geumo-ro, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan-si 50612, Korea
- Correspondence: (T.-H.O.); (T.-W.C.)
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18
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Kołkowski K, Trzeciak M, Sokołowska-Wojdyło M. Safety and Danger Considerations of Novel Treatments for Atopic Dermatitis in Context of Primary Cutaneous Lymphomas. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:13388. [PMID: 34948183 PMCID: PMC8703592 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The impact of new and emerging therapies on the microenvironment of primary cutaneous lymphomas (PCLs) has been recently raised in the literature. Concomitantly, novel treatments are already used or registered (dupilumab, upadacitinib) and others seem to be added to the armamentarium against atopic dermatitis. Our aim was to review the literature on interleukins 4, 13, 22, and 31, and JAK/STAT pathways in PCLs to elucidate the safety of using biologics (dupilumab, tralokinumab, fezakinumab, nemolizumab) and small molecule inhibitors (upadacitinib, baricitinib, abrocitinib, ruxolitinib, tofacitinib) in the treatment of atopic dermatitis. We summarized the current state of knowledge on this topic based on the search of the PubMed database and related references published before 21 October 2021. Our analysis suggests that some of the mentioned agents (dupilumab, ruxolitinib) and others may have a direct impact on the progression of cutaneous lymphomas. This issue requires further study and meticulous monitoring of patients receiving these drugs to ensure their safety, especially in light of the FDA warning on tofacitinib. In conclusion, in the case of the rapid progression of atopic dermatitis/eczema, especially in patients older than 40 years old, there is a necessity to perform a biopsy followed by a very careful pathological examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karol Kołkowski
- Dermatological Students Scientific Association, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-214 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Magdalena Trzeciak
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-214 Gdansk, Poland; (M.T.); (M.S.-W.)
| | - Małgorzata Sokołowska-Wojdyło
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-214 Gdansk, Poland; (M.T.); (M.S.-W.)
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19
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Insulin Downregulated the Infection of Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) in Bladder Cells in a High-Glucose Environment through JAK/STAT Signaling Pathway. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9122421. [PMID: 34946023 PMCID: PMC8704104 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9122421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic individuals have a higher incidence of urinary tract infection (UTI) than non-diabetic individuals, and also require longer treatment. We evaluated the effects of insulin pretreatment on the regulation of JAK/STAT transduction pathways in UPEC-infected bladder cells in a high-glucose environment. A bladder cell model with GFP-UPEC and fluorescent-labeled TLR4, STAT1, STAT3, and insulin receptor antibodies, was used to evaluate the relationship between insulin receptor signaling, TLR-4-mediated, and JAK/STAT-dependent pathways. Pretreatment with 20 and 40 µg/mL insulin for 24 h significantly and dose-dependently reduced UPEC infection in SV-HUC-1 cells. Additionally, the expression levels of STAT1 and STAT3 were downregulated in a dose-dependent manner. However, insulin receptor (IR) expression was not affected by insulin pretreatment. Our results showed that insulin-mediated reduction of UPEC infection in a high-glucose environment was not only due to the downregulation of JAK1/2 and phosphorylated STAT-1/3, but also because of the decreased expression of TLR-4 proteins and pro-inflammatory IL-6. Here, we demonstrated that insulin reduced not only UPEC infection in bladder epithelial cells, but also inhibited the JAK/STAT transduction pathway during infection in a high-glucose environment. This study provides evidence to support the use of insulin in the treatment of UPEC infection in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).
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20
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Martínez-Pérez C, Kay C, Meehan J, Gray M, Dixon JM, Turnbull AK. The IL6-like Cytokine Family: Role and Biomarker Potential in Breast Cancer. J Pers Med 2021; 11:1073. [PMID: 34834425 PMCID: PMC8624266 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11111073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
IL6-like cytokines are a family of regulators with a complex, pleiotropic role in both the healthy organism, where they regulate immunity and homeostasis, and in different diseases, including cancer. Here we summarise how these cytokines exert their effect through the shared signal transducer IL6ST (gp130) and we review the extensive evidence on the role that different members of this family play in breast cancer. Additionally, we discuss how the different cytokines, their related receptors and downstream effectors, as well as specific polymorphisms in these molecules, can serve as predictive or prognostic biomarkers with the potential for clinical application in breast cancer. Lastly, we also discuss how our increasing understanding of this complex signalling axis presents promising opportunities for the development or repurposing of therapeutic strategies against cancer and, specifically, breast neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Martínez-Pérez
- Breast Cancer Now Edinburgh Research Team, MRC Institute of Genetics and Cancer, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK; (C.K.); (J.M.D.); (A.K.T.)
- Translational Oncology Research Group, MRC Institute of Genetics and Cancer, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, UK; (J.M.); (M.G.)
| | - Charlene Kay
- Breast Cancer Now Edinburgh Research Team, MRC Institute of Genetics and Cancer, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK; (C.K.); (J.M.D.); (A.K.T.)
- Translational Oncology Research Group, MRC Institute of Genetics and Cancer, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, UK; (J.M.); (M.G.)
| | - James Meehan
- Translational Oncology Research Group, MRC Institute of Genetics and Cancer, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, UK; (J.M.); (M.G.)
| | - Mark Gray
- Translational Oncology Research Group, MRC Institute of Genetics and Cancer, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, UK; (J.M.); (M.G.)
| | - J. Michael Dixon
- Breast Cancer Now Edinburgh Research Team, MRC Institute of Genetics and Cancer, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK; (C.K.); (J.M.D.); (A.K.T.)
| | - Arran K. Turnbull
- Breast Cancer Now Edinburgh Research Team, MRC Institute of Genetics and Cancer, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK; (C.K.); (J.M.D.); (A.K.T.)
- Translational Oncology Research Group, MRC Institute of Genetics and Cancer, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, UK; (J.M.); (M.G.)
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21
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Briukhovetska D, Dörr J, Endres S, Libby P, Dinarello CA, Kobold S. Interleukins in cancer: from biology to therapy. Nat Rev Cancer 2021; 21:481-499. [PMID: 34083781 PMCID: PMC8173513 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-021-00363-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 299] [Impact Index Per Article: 99.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Interleukins and associated cytokines serve as the means of communication for innate and adaptive immune cells as well as non-immune cells and tissues. Thus, interleukins have a critical role in cancer development, progression and control. Interleukins can nurture an environment enabling and favouring cancer growth while simultaneously being essential for a productive tumour-directed immune response. These properties of interleukins can be exploited to improve immunotherapies to promote effectiveness as well as to limit side effects. This Review aims to unravel some of these complex interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Briukhovetska
- Center of Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPS-M) and Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine IV, Klinikum der Universität München, LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Janina Dörr
- Center of Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPS-M) and Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine IV, Klinikum der Universität München, LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Endres
- Center of Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPS-M) and Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine IV, Klinikum der Universität München, LMU, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Munich, Germany
- Einheit für Klinische Pharmakologie (EKLiP), Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (HMGU), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Peter Libby
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Sebastian Kobold
- Center of Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPS-M) and Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine IV, Klinikum der Universität München, LMU, Munich, Germany.
- German Center for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Munich, Germany.
- Einheit für Klinische Pharmakologie (EKLiP), Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (HMGU), Neuherberg, Germany.
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22
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Zhang X, Liu X, Zhang Y, Yang A, Zhang Y, Tong Z, Wang Y, Qiu Y. Wan-Nian-Qing, a Herbal Composite Prescription, Suppresses the Progression of Liver Cancer in Mice by Regulating Immune Response. Front Oncol 2021; 11:696282. [PMID: 34307161 PMCID: PMC8297951 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.696282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The Wan-Nian-Qing prescription (WNQP), an herbal composite containing Ornithogalum caudatum, has been used in China for several years for cancer treatment. However, the mechanism of its pharmacological action against liver cancer is not clear. This study aimed to investigate the role of WNQP in inhibiting tumor growth in hepatocellular carcinoma model mice and determine its mechanism of action. We established HepG2- and SMMC-7721-xenografted tumor models in nude mice and BALB/c mice. The mice were administered WNQP for 2 weeks. The bodyweight of each mouse was monitored every day, and the tumor size was measured using vernier caliper before each round of WNQP administration. After the last dose, mice were sacrificed. The tumors were removed, lysed, and subjected to proteome profiling, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and western blotting. The liver, spleen, and kidney were collected for histopathological examination. The effects of WNQP against liver cancer were first systematically confirmed in HepG2- and SMMC-7721-xenografted nude mice and BALB/c mice models. WNQP inhibited tumor growth, but failed to affect bodyweight and organ structures (liver and spleen), confirming that it was safe to use in mice. In BALB/c mice, WNQP regulated immune function, inferred from the modulation of immune-related cytokines such as interleukins, interferon, tumor necrosis factors, and chemokines. Further results confirmed that this regulation occurred via the regulatory effects of WNQP on Nrf2 signaling. WNQP can inhibit the growth of HepG2- and SMMC-7721-xenografted tumors in nude mice and BALB/c mice. This effect manifests at least partially through immunomodulation mediated apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinrui Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China.,School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xin Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China.,School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Anhui Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yongfeng Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhijun Tong
- R&D Department, Jilin Tianlitai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Baishan, China
| | - Yingwu Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ye Qiu
- Department of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
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23
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Yuan C, Pang L, Wang W, Ouyang Y, Guo X, Liu K. POU2F2-IL-31 Autoregulatory Circuit Converts Hepatocytes into the Origin Cells of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2004683. [PMID: 37733361 PMCID: PMC10619474 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202004683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) originates from fully differentiated hepatocytes, but the decisive events for converting hepatocytes to the cells of origin for HCC are still unclear. Liver cancer stem cells (LCSCs) cause HCC but are not bona fide cells of origin. Here, the expressions of POU2F2 and IL-31 are identified in macroscopically normal livers of diethylnitrosamine-challenged mice. An autoregulatory circuit formed by mutual induction between POU2F2 and IL-31 drives hepatocytes to progress to LCSCs by acquiring stemness, as well as stimulates them to in vivo grow and malignantly progress. The development of the autoregulatory circuit is a decisive event for converting hepatocytes into the cells of origin, since hepatocytes expressing the circuit have acquired tumorigenic potential before progressing to LCSCs. Nonetheless, acquiring stemness is still required for the cells of origin to initiate hepatocarcinogenesis. The circuit also occurs in human cirrhotic tissues, partially elucidating how premalignant lesions progress to HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunwang Yuan
- Capital Medical University Affiliated to Beijing You An HospitalBeijing100069China
| | - Lijun Pang
- Capital Medical University Affiliated to Beijing You An HospitalBeijing100069China
- Beijing Institute of HepatologyBeijing100069China
| | - Wenjing Wang
- Capital Medical University Affiliated to Beijing You An HospitalBeijing100069China
- Beijing Institute of HepatologyBeijing100069China
| | - Yabo Ouyang
- Capital Medical University Affiliated to Beijing You An HospitalBeijing100069China
- Beijing Institute of HepatologyBeijing100069China
| | - Xianghua Guo
- Capital Medical University Affiliated to Beijing You An HospitalBeijing100069China
- Beijing Institute of HepatologyBeijing100069China
| | - Kai Liu
- Capital Medical University Affiliated to Beijing You An HospitalBeijing100069China
- Beijing Institute of HepatologyBeijing100069China
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24
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Di Salvo E, Allegra A, Casciaro M, Gangemi S. IL-31, itch and hematological malignancies. Clin Mol Allergy 2021; 19:8. [PMID: 34118946 PMCID: PMC8199420 DOI: 10.1186/s12948-021-00148-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pruritus is one of the most common symptoms experienced by neoplastic patients. The pathogenesis of neoplastic itch is complex and multifactorial and could be due to an unbalanced production of humoral mediators by altered immune effector cells. IL-31 is a pro-inflammatory cytokine produced by CD4 + T helper cells. The aim of this review was to evaluate the role of this Th2 cytokine and its receptor IL-31RA, in the onset of neoplastic pruritus. We analysed scientific literature looking for the most relevant original articles linking IL-31to itch in oncologic diseases. Interleukin-31 seems to be a main itch mediator in several hematologic disease such as Cutaneous T cells lymphomas. In these patients IL-31 was positively linked to itch level, and IL-31 matched with disease stage. IL-31 seems to play an important role in the signalling pathway involved in pruritus, but it is also suggested to play a proinflammatory and immunomodulatory role which could play a part in the progression of the neoplastic disease. Further studies will be fundamental in facing pruritus in oncologic patients, since this problem compromise their quality of life worsening an already critic picture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Di Salvo
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168, Messina, Italy
| | - Alessandro Allegra
- Division of Hematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina, 98125, Messina, Italy
| | - Marco Casciaro
- School and Operative Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125, Messina, Italy.
| | - Sebastiano Gangemi
- School and Operative Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125, Messina, Italy
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25
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Bautista-Herrera LA, De la Cruz-Mosso U, Román-Fernández IV, Parra-Rojas I, Soñanez-Organis JG, Hernández-Bello J, Morales-Zambrano RA, Villanueva-Quintero GD, Muñoz-Valle JF. A potential inflammatory role of IL-31 in psoriatic arthritis: A correlation with Th17 cytokine profile. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2021; 34:2058738420907186. [PMID: 32138573 PMCID: PMC7065432 DOI: 10.1177/2058738420907186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The goals of our study were to determine the possible association of interleukin
(IL)-31 with Th17 cytokine profile in serum and to quantify retinoic
acid-related orphan receptor C (RORC) mRNA expression in
psoriatic arthritis (PsA) patients. This cross-sectional study was conducted in
50 patients with PsA and 30 control subjects (CS) matched by age and gender. The
cytokine serum levels were quantified by magnetic bead–based assay using the
Bio-Plex MAGPIX system, and RORC mRNA expression was determined
by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). As a result, significant
differences in IL-31 were observed between study groups (77.23 pg/mL in PsA vs
64.4 pg/mL in CS, P < 0.001) and Th17 cytokine profile serum
levels (IL-17A: 6.36 pg/mL in PsA vs 2.97 pg/mL in CS,
P = 0.02; IL-17F: 44.15 pg/mL in PsA vs 23.36 pg/mL in PsA,
P = 0.01; IL-17E: 3.03 pg/mL in PsA vs 0.82 pg/mL in CS,
P < 0.001; IL-21: 36.45 pg/mL in PsA vs 12.44 pg/mL in
CS, P = 0.02); however, significant differences were not
observed for IL-23 (31.2 pg/mL in PsA vs 53.26 pg/mL in CS,
P = 0.58). Furthermore, positive correlations between IL-31 and
Th17 cytokine profile serum levels were found (IL-17A: rs = 0.64,
P < 0.001; IL-17F: rs = 0.73,
P < 0.001; IL-17E: rs = 0.70,
P < 0.001; IL-21: rs = 0.54,
P = 0.002; IL-23: rs = 0.5,
P < 0.01). Regarding RORC gene expression,
the PsA group showed an increase of 6.85-fold compared to the CS group. We did
not find any association between the serum levels of cytokines and
RORC gene expression. In conclusion, in PsA, there are
increased serum levels of IL-31, IL-17A, IL-17F, IL-17E, and IL-21, but not
IL-23. Moreover, there was a positive correlation of IL-31 with the Th17
cytokine profile and a high RORC gene expression. Altogether,
these findings suggest a proinflammatory contribution of IL-31 in close
association with the Th17 cytokine profile in PsA.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Bautista-Herrera
- Research Institute in Biomedical Sciences, University Center for Health Science, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - U De la Cruz-Mosso
- Research Institute in Biomedical Sciences, University Center for Health Science, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - I V Román-Fernández
- Research Institute in Biomedical Sciences, University Center for Health Science, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - I Parra-Rojas
- Faculty of Biological Chemistry Sciences, Autonomous University of Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Mexico
| | - J G Soñanez-Organis
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Chemistry Sciences, South Regional Unit, University of Sonora, Navojoa, Mexico
| | - J Hernández-Bello
- Research Institute in Biomedical Sciences, University Center for Health Science, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - R A Morales-Zambrano
- Research Institute in Biomedical Sciences, University Center for Health Science, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | | | - J F Muñoz-Valle
- Research Institute in Biomedical Sciences, University Center for Health Science, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
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26
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Reneau JC, Wilcox RA. Novel therapies targeting cutaneous T cell lymphomas and their microenvironment. Semin Hematol 2021; 58:103-113. [PMID: 33906720 DOI: 10.1053/j.seminhematol.2021.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCL) are rare non-Hodgkin lymphomas with a generally indolent course managed with topical, skin-directed therapies. A small subset, however, will progress to advanced stage disease necessitating systemic therapy for disease control. Currently approved therapies have low response rates and generally short durations of response. Novel therapies, therefore, are urgently needed to address this unmet need. In this review, the mechanisms of CTCL pathogenesis and progression, including the role of the tumor microenvironment and molecular alterations, are summarized. Based on these biologic insights, novel therapies currently under investigation and those with a strong preclinical biologic rationale including T cell and macrophage checkpoint inhibitors, epigenetic regulators, targeted antibodies, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, and apoptosis modulating therapies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C Reneau
- The Ohio State University, Division of Hematology, Columbus, OH.
| | - Ryan A Wilcox
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Michigan Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI
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27
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Nemmer JM, Kuchner M, Datsi A, Oláh P, Julia V, Raap U, Homey B. Interleukin-31 Signaling Bridges the Gap Between Immune Cells, the Nervous System and Epithelial Tissues. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:639097. [PMID: 33644104 PMCID: PMC7902767 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.639097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pruritus represents one of the most common symptoms in dermatology and general medicine. Chronic pruritus severely impairs the quality of life of affected patients. During the last two decades a number of modulators and mediator of pruritus have been identified. Recently, Interleukin (IL)-31 and its receptor complex attracted significant interest, as clinical phase two studies demonstrated therapeutic efficacy of the neutralizing IL-31 receptor A (IL-31RA) antibody nemolizumab in patients suffering from atopic dermatitis or prurigo nodularis. IL-31 has also been shown to play relevant roles in allergic contact dermatitis, urticaria, mastocytosis, allergic rhinitis and asthma. Here, we summarize the current knowledge of the novel cytokine IL-31 and its receptor regarding cellular origin, regulation, signaling pathways and their involvement in biological processes such as pruritus, neuronal growth, inflammation, barrier dysfunction and tissue remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Maria Nemmer
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Marcus Kuchner
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Angeliki Datsi
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Medical Faculty, Institute for Transplantation Diagnostics and Cell Therapy, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Péter Oláh
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Oncodermatology, Medical Faculty, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | | | - Ulrike Raap
- Division of Experimental Allergy and Immunodermatology, Department of Dermatology, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Homey
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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28
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A Novel Glucose Metabolism-Related Gene Signature for Overall Survival Prediction in Patients with Glioblastoma. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:8872977. [PMID: 33553434 PMCID: PMC7847336 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8872977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most frequent primary intracranial malignancies, with limited treatment options and poor overall survival rates. Alternated glucose metabolism is a key metabolic feature of tumour cells, including GBM cells. However, due to high cellular heterogeneity, accurately predicting the prognosis of GBM patients using a single biomarker is difficult. Therefore, identifying a novel glucose metabolism-related biomarker signature is important and may contribute to accurate prognosis prediction for GBM patients. Methods In this research, we performed gene set enrichment analysis and profiled four glucose metabolism-related gene sets containing 327 genes related to biological processes. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were specifically completed to identify genes to build a specific risk signature, and we identified ten mRNAs (B4GALT7, CHST12, G6PC2, GALE, IL13RA1, LDHB, SPAG4, STC1, TGFBI, and TPBG) within the Cox proportional hazards regression model for GBM. Results Depending on this glucose metabolism-related gene signature, we divided patients into high-risk (with poor outcomes) and low-risk (with satisfactory outcomes) subgroups. The results of the multivariate Cox regression analysis demonstrated that the prognostic potential of this ten-gene signature is independent of clinical variables. Furthermore, we used two other GBM databases (Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) and REMBRANDT) to validate this model. In the functional analysis results, the risk signature was associated with almost every step of cancer progression, such as adhesion, proliferation, angiogenesis, drug resistance, and even an immune-suppressed microenvironment. Moreover, we found that IL31RA expression was significantly different between the high-risk and low-risk subgroups. Conclusion The 10 glucose metabolism-related gene risk signatures could serve as an independent prognostic factor for GBM patients and might be valuable for the clinical management of GBM patients. The differential gene IL31RA may be a potential treatment target in GBM.
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29
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Interleukin-31, a Potent Pruritus-Inducing Cytokine and Its Role in Inflammatory Disease and in the Tumor Microenvironment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1290:111-127. [PMID: 33559859 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-55617-4_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Substantial new information has emerged supporting the fundamental role of the cytokine interleukin-31 (IL-31) in the genesis of chronic pruritus in a broad array of clinical conditions. These include inflammatory conditions, such as atopic dermatitis and chronic urticaria, to autoimmune conditions such as dermatomyositis and bullous pemphigoid, to the lymphoproliferative disorders of Hodgkin's disease and cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. IL-31 is produced in greatest quantity by T-helper type 2 (Th2) cells and upon release, interacts with a cascade of other cytokines and chemokines to lead to pruritus and to a proinflammatory environment, particularly within the skin. Antibodies which neutralize IL-31 or which block the IL-31 receptor may reduce or eliminate pruritus and may diminish the manifestations of chronic cutaneous conditions associated with elevated IL-31. The role of IL-31 in these various conditions will be reviewed.
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30
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Ghamrawi R, Bell KA, Balogh EA, Strowd LC, Feldman SR. Current and emerging biologics for the treatment of pediatric atopic dermatitis. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2020; 20:1435-1445. [PMID: 33078990 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2021.1840548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin condition characterized by erythematous lesions, pruritus, and a skin barrier defect. Long-term treatment in children is challenging, as there is only one Food and Drug Administration-approved systemic medication. Current treatments may have limited efficacy or serious side effects in children. With a deeper understanding of AD pathogenesis and the advent of target-specific medications, several biologics are undergoing clinical trials for future use in pediatric AD. AREAS COVERED This article reviews the current and emerging biologic therapies for treatment of pediatric AD. It allows for comprehensive comparison of medications and their clinical trials to help providers optimize patient treatment plans while providing expert insight into upcoming advancements in the treatment of pediatric AD. EXPERT OPINION Treating pediatric AD is complicated given the variety of disease severity, psychosocial impact, and relative lack of approved medications for severe disease. Given the safety data on dupilumab, newer biologics will likely be second-line. We do not yet understand the long-term impact of newer biologics on an immature immune system, nor do we fully understand their risks and toxicities. We should proceed optimistically, yet cautiously, with the study of biologics in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rima Ghamrawi
- Center for Dermatology Research, Department of Dermatology, Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Katheryn A Bell
- Center for Dermatology Research, Department of Dermatology, Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Esther A Balogh
- Center for Dermatology Research, Department of Dermatology, Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Lindsay C Strowd
- Center for Dermatology Research, Department of Dermatology, Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Steven R Feldman
- Center for Dermatology Research, Department of Dermatology, Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, NC, USA.,Department of Pathology, Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, NC, USA.,Department of Social Sciences & Health Policy, Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, NC, USA.,Department of Dermatology, University of Southern Denmark , Odense, Denmark
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31
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van Niekerk G, Dalgleish AG, Joubert F, Joubert A, Engelbrecht AM. The immuno-oncological implications of insulin. Life Sci 2020; 264:118716. [PMID: 33159956 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence has implicated insulin in regulating the phenotypes of various immune cells through canonical downstream signalling effectors of insulin, namely, the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. Notably, these signalling components also exhibit crosstalk with other immune signalling pathways, such as the JAK/STAT pathway (activated by cytokines and growth factors), and, importantly, are also negatively regulated by the immune checkpoint blockers (ICBs), PD-1 and CTLA-4. Here, we point out recent findings, suggesting that insulin may promote a pro-inflammatory phenotype with potential implications on ICB therapy. As an example, the contemporary paradigm holds that, while T cell receptor recognition of distinct MHC-expressed epitopes ensures specificity, co-activation of CD28 along with signal inputs form various cytokines and insulin operates to 'fine-tune' the immune response via PI3K and other downstream signalling molecules. These considerations highlight the urgent need for focused investigations into the role of insulin in regulating immune cell function in the context of ICB therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustav van Niekerk
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa.
| | - Angus G Dalgleish
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - Fourie Joubert
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Centre for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Annie Joubert
- Department of Physiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Anna-Mart Engelbrecht
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
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32
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Ignatenko N, Gonzales AJ, Messamore JE, Hirschberger J, Udraite-Vovk L, Boehm TMSA, Troedson K, Fejos C, Mueller RS. Serum concentrations of IL-31 in dogs with nonpruritic mast cell tumours or lymphoma. Vet Dermatol 2020; 31:466-e124. [PMID: 32985732 DOI: 10.1111/vde.12887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to compare serum interleukin (IL)-31 concentrations in dogs with lymphoma and mast cell tumours (MCT) without pruritus to those of healthy dogs. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES To determine if IL-31 plays a role in tumour pathogenesis and if IL-31 could be a biological marker for disease progression. ANIMALS Forty-eight healthy dogs and 36 dogs with neoplasia [multicentric lymphoma (14), MCT (15) and cutaneous lymphoma (7)] were included in the study. METHODS AND MATERIALS Dogs with neoplasia were assigned to three different groups. Group 1 consisted of patients with multicentric lymphoma, which were diagnosed by cytological, histopathological and clonality investigations. Thoracic radiographs, ultrasound examination of the abdominal cavity, and fine-needle aspirates from liver and spleen were used to determine the lymphoma stage Patients with cutaneous lymphoma, diagnosed by cytological and histopathological findings, were included in Group 2. Patients with MCT, diagnosed by cytological and histopathological findings, were included in Group 3. Serum was frozen at -80ºC before measuring the concentration of IL-31 via a Simoa ultra-sensitive, fully automated two-step immunoassay. RESULTS Serum concentrations of IL-31, regardless of the disease and its staging, were within the normal range in all patients; there was no difference between any of the different tumour groups and healthy dogs. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE IL-31 is not likely to be involved in the pathogenesis of canine MCT or lymphoma without pruritus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataliia Ignatenko
- Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, Veterinaerstraße 13, Munich, 80539, Germany
| | - Andrea J Gonzales
- Global Therapeutics Research, Zoetis, 333 Portage Street, Kalamazoo, MI, 49007, USA
| | - James E Messamore
- Global Therapeutics Research, Zoetis, 333 Portage Street, Kalamazoo, MI, 49007, USA
| | - Johannes Hirschberger
- Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, Veterinaerstraße 13, Munich, 80539, Germany
| | - Laura Udraite-Vovk
- Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, Veterinaerstraße 13, Munich, 80539, Germany
| | - Teresa M S A Boehm
- Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, Veterinaerstraße 13, Munich, 80539, Germany
| | - Karin Troedson
- Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, Veterinaerstraße 13, Munich, 80539, Germany
| | - Csilla Fejos
- Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, Veterinaerstraße 13, Munich, 80539, Germany
| | - Ralf S Mueller
- Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, Veterinaerstraße 13, Munich, 80539, Germany
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33
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Mu N, Lin F, Jiang Z, Liang Y, Yang Z. Implication of Increased Serum IL-31 for Primary Biliary Cholangitis. Immunol Invest 2020; 50:662-670. [PMID: 32613870 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2020.1785490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-31 (IL-31) has diverse biological functions. Increased IL-31 has been found in some skin and autoimmune diseases. There has been no study reporting the association between IL-31 and primary biliary cholangitis (PBC). This study was designed to determine serum IL-31 level and to explore its diagnostic value for PBC as well as the association of IL-31 with inflammatory and fibrotic progression. 60 PBC patients, 32 age- and sex-matched patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and 30 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HC) were recruited. The sera were detected for IL-31, IL-4, interferon gamma (IFN-γ), IL-17 and other laboratory indicators. Serum IL-31 levels were significantly higher in PBC patients (median, IQR, 20.6, 16.7-26.2, pg/ml) than CHB patients (median, IQR, 11.3, 8.0-13.0, pg/ml) and HC (median, IQR, 11.0, 10.0-12.2 pg/ml) (P < .001). Serum IL-31 performed well for identifying PBC, especially for antimitochondrial antibodies (AMA)-negative PBC with AUC of 0.900, optimal cutoff value of 13.6 pg/ml, sensitivity of 87.5% and specificity of 83.9%. Serum IL-31 was positively correlated with platelet count (r = 0.368, P = .004), but negatively with FIB4 (r = -0.307, P = .017) and histological stages (r = -0.364, P = .004) in PBC patients. It was also significantly correlated with IFN-γ (r = 0.404, P = .001) and IL-4 (r = 0.291, P = .026), but not with IL-17 (r = 0.151, P = .259) in PBC patients. Serum IL-31 is increased in and may be a useful marker for PBC, in particular, for AMA-negative PBC. Furthermore, it is inversely associated with fibrotic progression of PBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Mu
- Department of General Surgery, Huangyan Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou First People's Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Feng Lin
- Department of General Surgery, Huangyan Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou First People's Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhiguo Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, Huangyan Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou First People's Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yan Liang
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zaixing Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huangyan Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou First People's Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
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34
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Wang X, Lin FK, Li JR, Wang HS. A Comprehensive Risk Assessment Model for Ovarian Cancer Patients with Phospho-STAT3 and IL-31 as Immune Infiltration Relevant Genes. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:5617-5628. [PMID: 32606776 PMCID: PMC7305843 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s254494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Ovarian carcinoma is a malignant tumor with a high mortality rate and a lack of effective treatment options for patients at advanced stages. For improving outcomes and helping patients with poor prognosis, choose a suitable therapy and an excellent risk assessment model and new treatment options are needed. Materials and Methods Ovarian cancer gene expression profile of GSE32062 was downloaded from the NCBI GEO database for screening differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between well and poor prognosis groups using limma package in R (version 3.4.1). Prognosis-related genes and clinical prognostic factors were obtained from univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses, and a comprehensive risk assessment model was constructed using a Pathway Dysregulation Score (PDS) matrix, Cox-Proportional Hazards (Cox-PH) regression, as well as L1-least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (L1-LASSO) penalization. Then, significant DEGs were converted to pathways and optimal prognosis-related pathways were screened. Finally, risk prediction models based on pathways, genes involved in pathways, and comprehensive clinical risk factors with pathways were built. Their prognostic functions were assessed in verification sets. Besides, genes involved in immune-pathways were checked for immune infiltration using immunohistochemistry. Results A superior risk assessment model involving 9 optimal combinations of pathways and one clinical factor was constructed. The pathway-based model was found to be superior to the gene-based model. Phospho-STAT3 (from JAK-STAT signaling pathway) and IL-31 (from DEGs) were found to be related to immune infiltration. Conclusion We have generated a comprehensive risk assessment model consisting of a clinical risk factor and pathways that showed a possible bright foreground. The set of significant pathways might play as a better prognosis model which is more accurate and applicable than the DEG set. Besides, p-STAT3 and IL-31 showing correlation to immune infiltration of ovarian cancer tissues may be potential therapeutic targets for treating ovarian cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Wang
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei-Kai Lin
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Rui Li
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Hu-Sheng Wang
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China
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Li F, Yang M, Li Y, Zhang M, Wang W, Yuan D, Tang D. An improved clear cell renal cell carcinoma stage prediction model based on gene sets. BMC Bioinformatics 2020; 21:232. [PMID: 32513106 PMCID: PMC7278205 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-020-03543-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common subtype of renal cell carcinoma and accounts for cancer-related deaths. Survival rates are very low when the tumor is discovered in the late-stage. Thus, developing an efficient strategy to stratify patients by the stage of the cancer and inner mechanisms that drive the development and progression of cancers is critical in early prevention and treatment. RESULTS In this study, we developed new strategies to extract important gene features and trained machine learning-based classifiers to predict stages of ccRCC samples. The novelty of our approach is that (i) We improved the feature preprocessing procedure by binning and coding, and increased the stability of data and robustness of the classification model. (ii) We proposed a joint gene selection algorithm by combining the Fast-Correlation-Based Filter (FCBF) search with the information value, the linear correlation coefficient, and variance inflation factor, and removed irrelevant/redundant features. Then the logistic regression-based feature selection method was used to determine influencing factors. (iii) Classification models were developed using machine learning algorithms. This method is evaluated on RNA expression value of clear cell renal cell carcinoma derived from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). The results showed that the result on the testing set (accuracy of 81.15% and AUC 0.86) outperformed state-of-the-art models (accuracy of 72.64% and AUC 0.81) and a gene set FJL-set was developed, which contained 23 genes, far less than 64. Furthermore, a gene function analysis was used to explore molecular mechanisms that might affect cancer development. CONCLUSIONS The results suggested that our model can extract more prognostic information, and is worthy of further investigation and validation in order to understand the progression mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangjun Li
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong University, supported by Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Wireless Communication Technologies, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Mu Yang
- Center for Gene and Immunothererapy, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250033, China
| | - Yunhe Li
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong University, supported by Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Wireless Communication Technologies, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Mingqiang Zhang
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong University, supported by Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Wireless Communication Technologies, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Wenjuan Wang
- Center for Gene and Immunothererapy, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250033, China
| | - Dongfeng Yuan
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong University, supported by Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Wireless Communication Technologies, Jinan, 250100, China.
| | - Dongqi Tang
- Center for Gene and Immunothererapy, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250033, China.
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36
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He Y, Zhang X, Pan W, Tai F, Liang L, Shi J. Interleukin-31 Receptor α Is Required for Basal-Like Breast Cancer Progression. Front Oncol 2020; 10:816. [PMID: 32528891 PMCID: PMC7266966 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Interleukin-31 receptor α (IL31RA) usually mediates IL-31 induced inflammation and allergic diseases. However, the functional roles of IL-31/IL31RA signaling in basal-like breast cancer (BLBC) progression remain totally unclear. Methods: Tumorsphere formation, transwell, and wound healing assays were used to measure the BLBC progression. We implanted tumor cells in mammary fat pad and tail vein of nude mice to detect the growth and metastasis of BLBC cells. Luciferase and ChIP assays were employed to measure the transcriptional regulation. Western blot and real-time PCR assays as well as bio-informatics analyses were conducted to observe the expression of IL31RA. Results: We found that silencing of IL31RA suppresses the cancer stem cell-like properties, migration and invasion of BLBC cells in vitro as well as tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. Knockdown of IL31RA ameliorates IL-31-mediated pro-oncogenic functions. Overexpression of IL31RA in luminal breast cancer cells enhances the cancer stem cell-like properties and cell motility. Our data further identified IL31RA as a target gene of Twist/BRD4 transcription complex. Conclusion: Overall, these data indicate that IL31RA promotes basal-like breast cancer progression and metastasis, suggesting that targeting of IL-31/IL31RA axis might be beneficial to treatment of BLBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanling He
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital & School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinyuan Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital & School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weijun Pan
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital & School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fang Tai
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital & School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Liang
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital & School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Shi
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital & School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Zhang W, Ruan J, Zhou D, Han X, Zhang Y, Wang W, Ouyang M. Predicting worse survival for newly diagnosed T cell lymphoma based on the decreased baseline CD16-/CD16 + monocyte ratio. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7757. [PMID: 32385351 PMCID: PMC7211003 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64579-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
T cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (T-NHL) is highly invasive and heterogeneous without accurate prognosis prediction. We proposed peripheral CD16-/CD16 + monocytes the additional indicators for T-NHL prognosis. We prospectively recruited 31 T-NHL patients without previous treatment. The CD16-/CD16 + monocyte ratio before chemotherapy was calculated and regular follow up was performed to calculate prognostic prediction value. Tumor associated macrophages (TAM) in tumor tissue were counted and transcriptome sequencing of CD16- and CD16 + monocytes was applied to explore potential mechanisms. We found that T-NHL patients had higher ratio of total monocytes especially the CD16 + monocytes along with a decreased ratio of CD16-/CD16 + monocytes, compared to the health control. The 1-year overall survival rate was 0.492 and 0.755 for CD16- monocyte/CD16 + monocyte ratio of <11 and ≥11(p < 0.05), respectively. The peripheral CD16-/CD16 + monocyte ratio was significantly relevant with the pathological CD68/CD206 macrophage ratio. The differently expressed genes in CD16- and CD16 + monocytes from T-NHL patients were mainly involved in signaling molecules related to tumor microenvironment. Pro-tumor genes were identified in monocyte subsets especially in CD16 + monocytes. In conclusion, the ratio of peripheral CD16-/CD16 + monocyte helps to stratify the prognosis of T-NHL. The relatively increased CD16 + monocytes may contribute to the pro-tumor microenvironment of T-NHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Jing Ruan
- Department of Hematology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Daobin Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Xiao Han
- Department of Hematology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Hematology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Mingqi Ouyang
- Department of Hematology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, 100730, China
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Mirza AS, Horna P, Teer JK, Song J, Akabari R, Hussaini M, Sokol L. New Insights Into the Complex Mutational Landscape of Sézary Syndrome. Front Oncol 2020; 10:514. [PMID: 32373524 PMCID: PMC7186303 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Sézary syndrome (SS) is a genetically and clinically distinct entity among cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCL). SS is characterized by more aggressive disease compared to the most common indolent type of CTCL, mycosis fungoides. However, there are limited available genomic data regarding SS. To characterize and expand current mappings of the genomic landscape of CTCL, whole exome sequencing (WES) was performed on peripheral blood samples from seven patients with SS. We detected 21,784 variants, of which 21,140 were novel and 644 were previously described. Filtering revealed 551 nonsynonymous variants among 525 mutated genes−25 recurrent mutations and 1 recurrent variant. Several recurrently mutated genes crucial to pathogenesis pathways, including Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR), PI3K-serine/threonine protein kinases (AKT), and fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFR), were identified. Furthermore, genetic mutations spanned both known and novel genes, supporting the idea of a long-tail distribution of mutations in lymphoma. Acknowledging these genetic variants and their affected pathways may inspire future targeted therapies. WES of a limited number of SS patients revealed both novel findings and corroborated complexities of the “long-tail” distribution of previously reported mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abu-Sayeef Mirza
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Pedro Horna
- Division of Hematopathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Jamie K Teer
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Jinming Song
- Department of Hematopathology and Laboratory Medicine, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Ratilal Akabari
- Department of Pathology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Mohammad Hussaini
- Department of Hematopathology and Laboratory Medicine, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Lubomir Sokol
- Department of Malignant Hematology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, United States
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Multinodular Malignant Cutaneous Mast Cell Tumor in a Horse With Generalized Pruritus and Reactive Fibrosis: A Case Report. J Equine Vet Sci 2020; 87:102921. [PMID: 32172911 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2020.102921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Mast cell tumor (MCT) has long been considered as an uncommon neoplasm in horses. Cytological and behavioral evidence of its malignancy is usually lacking, and only a few reports have described MCT displaying malignant behavior. An 18-year-old Friesian stallion presented with a one-year history of intermittent and progressive skin lesions on the left forelimb associated with intense, generalized pruritus and apathy temporarily responsive to glucocorticoids and antibiotics. The horse was alert and responsive with poor body condition and marked generalized pruritus. The left forelimb was markedly enlarged and surrounded by numerous firm 2- to 20-cm masses that were ulcerated and focally necrotic. A 7-cm round firm mass was observed on the left dorsal neck. Dermatological examination revealed generalized moth-eaten alopecia and scaling with erosions and ulcers secondary to pruritus. A direct skin smear from the affected leg showed severe eosinophilic inflammation and neutrophilic inflammation with pleomorphic bacteria. Histopathology of the skin and biopsies of the underlying tissues revealed an abundant population of atypical mast cells consistent with a malignant MCT. The horse was euthanized and necropsy revealed a marked fibrous reaction on longitudinal sections of the affected limb, and the tumor could be detected on only a few histological slides. Diagnosis of equine MCT can be challenging because of the massive accompanying fibrous reaction. Mast cell tumor should be suspected in the presence of eosinophilic infiltration of the affected tissue and in cases of generalized pruritus not attributable to other causes.
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40
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Murdaca G, Greco M, Tonacci A, Negrini S, Borro M, Puppo F, Gangemi S. IL-33/IL-31 Axis in Immune-Mediated and Allergic Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E5856. [PMID: 31766607 PMCID: PMC6929191 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20235856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Several allergic and immunologic diseases including asthma, food allergy (FA), chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU), atopic dermatitis (AD), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), systemic sclerosis (SSc), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and Behçet's disease (BD) are characterized by the involvement of Th2 immunity. Several mediators lead to immunoglobulin (Ig)E production, thus including key cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, and IL-13. Among them, IL-31 and IL-33 have been recently studied as novel biomarkers and future therapeutic targets for allergic and immunological disorders. IL-31 is a proinflammatory cytokine-it regulates cell proliferation and is involved in tissue remodeling. IL-33, acting through its receptor suppression of tumorigenity (ST2L), is an alarmin cytokine from the IL-1 family, whose expression is mediated by tissue damage. The latter has a pleiotropic effect, as it may modulate specific and innate immune cells functions. To date, several researchers have investigated the involvement of IL-31 and IL-33 in several allergic and immune-mediated diseases. Further studies are needed to understand the future applications of these molecules as novel therapeutic agents. This paper aims to give the readers a complete and updated review of IL-31 and IL-33 involvement among the most common autoimmune and allergic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Murdaca
- Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa and Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy (S.N.); (M.B.); (F.P.)
| | - Monica Greco
- Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa and Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy (S.N.); (M.B.); (F.P.)
| | - Alessandro Tonacci
- Clinical Physiology Institute, National Research Council of Italy (IFC-CNR), 56124 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Simone Negrini
- Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa and Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy (S.N.); (M.B.); (F.P.)
| | - Matteo Borro
- Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa and Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy (S.N.); (M.B.); (F.P.)
| | - Francesco Puppo
- Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa and Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy (S.N.); (M.B.); (F.P.)
| | - Sebastiano Gangemi
- School and Operative Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy;
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Wagner N, Staubach P. Mastocytosis - pathogenesis, clinical manifestation and treatment. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2019; 16:42-57. [PMID: 29314691 DOI: 10.1111/ddg.13418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The term mastocytosis designates a group of rare disorders characterized by typical skin lesions, frequently associated episodes of anaphylaxis, and clinical symptoms related to the release of various mediators. Dermatologists/allergists are frequently the first to establish the diagnosis. The condition is based on clonal mast cell proliferation, usually in the skin or bone marrow and only rarely in the gastrointestinal tract or other tissues. In general, mastocytosis has a good prognosis in terms of life expectancy. Rare variants - including mast cell leukemia, aggressive mastocytosis, and the exceedingly rare mast cell sarcoma - require cytoreductive therapy. In cases associated with hematological neoplasms, the prognosis depends on the underlying hematologic disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Wagner
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Petra Staubach
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
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Abstract
Oncostain M, a member of the IL-6 family of cytokines, is produced by immune cells in response to infections and tissue injury. OSM has a broad, often context-dependent effect on various cellular processes including differentiation, hematopoiesis, cell proliferation, and cell survival. OSM signaling is initiated by binding to type I (LIFRβ/gp130) or type II (OSMRβ/gp130) receptor complexes and involves activation of Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription, mitogen-activated protein kinase, and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase. High levels of OSM have been detected in many chronic inflammatory conditions characterized by fibrosis, giving a rationale to target OSM for the treatment of these diseases. Here we discuss the current knowledge on the role of OSM in various stages of the fibrotic process including inflammation, vascular dysfunction, and activation of fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Trojanowska
- Corresponding Author: Maria Trojanowska, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 East Concord St, E-5, Boston, MA 02118, Tel.: 617-638-4318; Fax: 617-638-5226
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Nakahara T, Furue M. Nemolizumab and Atopic Dermatitis: the Interaction Between Interleukin-31 and Interleukin-31 Receptor as a Potential Therapeutic Target for Pruritus in Patients With Atopic Dermatitis. CURRENT TREATMENT OPTIONS IN ALLERGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s40521-018-0191-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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44
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Jones SA, Jenkins BJ. Recent insights into targeting the IL-6 cytokine family in inflammatory diseases and cancer. Nat Rev Immunol 2018; 18:773-789. [DOI: 10.1038/s41577-018-0066-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 435] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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45
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IL-6 family cytokines: Key inflammatory mediators as biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2018; 41:10-17. [PMID: 29699936 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2018.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 04/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
IL-6 is a critical cytokine in acute phase response and involved in the pathogenesis of several chronic inflammatory diseases including cancer. Studies have highlighted that levels of IL-6 and its family members can be useful for diagnosis, prognosis of relapse-free survival and recurrence. IL-6 family cytokines have been identified as cancer biomarkers through screening of inflammatory mediators in different fluids including saliva, serum, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). IL-6 can be modulated by chemopreventive drugs, small molecules, monoclonal antibodies and immune checkpoint inhibitors. Unveiling the different sources of IL-6, the interaction between IL-6 and its cellular targets, the IL-6-dependent tumor resistance mechanisms, and the identification of novel regulators of IL-6 are some of the highly complex topics included in this review and their understanding could aid cancer biomarkers and therapy development.
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IL-33/IL-31 Axis: A Potential Inflammatory Pathway. Mediators Inflamm 2018; 2018:3858032. [PMID: 29713240 PMCID: PMC5866851 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3858032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytokines play an important role in the regulation of the immune system (adaptive and innate). Given their importance in proinflammatory processes, cytokines have been used for understanding the pathogenesis and as biomarkers in many diseases. IL-31 and IL-33 are still considered novel cytokines. IL-31 controls signalling and regulates a huge amount of biological functions: it induces proinflammatory cytokines, regulates cell proliferation, and is involved also in tissue remodelling. On the other hand, IL-33 has been identified as an “alarmin” released from the epithelial cells and from different human tissues and organs after a damage following, that is, an inflammatory process. The aim of this literature review is to strengthen the hypothesis about an IL-31/IL-33 axis by evaluating the most recent studies linking these two cytokines. Literature data showed that, in many cases, IL-31 and IL-33 are linked to each other and that their expression is correlated with disease severity. The presence of one interleukin might stimulate the induction of the other, amplifying inflammation and the consequent detrimental processes. In a near future, influencing their balance could be helpful in modulating the first responses of the immune system in order to prevent the development of many inflammation-related diseases.
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Steinhoff M, Buddenkotte J, Lerner EA. Role of mast cells and basophils in pruritus. Immunol Rev 2018; 282:248-264. [DOI: 10.1111/imr.12635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Steinhoff
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology; Hamad Medical Corporation; Doha Qatar
- Translational Research Institute; Hamad Medical Corporation; Doha Qatar
- Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar; Doha Qatar
- Medical School; Qatar University; Doha Qatar
- Department Of Dermatology and UCD Charles Institute for Translational Dermatology; University College Dublin; Dublin Ireland
| | - Jörg Buddenkotte
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology; Hamad Medical Corporation; Doha Qatar
- Translational Research Institute; Hamad Medical Corporation; Doha Qatar
| | - Ethan A. Lerner
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center; Department of Dermatology; Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School; Charlestown MA USA
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Wagner N, Staubach P. Mastozytose - Pathogenese, Klinik und Therapie. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2018; 16:42-59. [PMID: 29314684 DOI: 10.1111/ddg.13418_g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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49
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de J. Guerrero-García J, Rojas-Mayorquín AE, Valle Y, Padilla-Gutiérrez JR, Castañeda-Moreno VA, Mireles-Ramírez MA, Muñoz-Valle JF, Ortuño-Sahagún D. Decreased serum levels of sCD40L and IL-31 correlate in treated patients with Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis. Immunobiology 2018; 223:135-141. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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50
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Hamann CR, Thyssen JP. Monoclonal antibodies against interleukin 13 and interleukin 31RA in development for atopic dermatitis. J Am Acad Dermatol 2017; 78:S37-S42. [PMID: 29248521 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2017.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The interleukin 13 (IL-13) and IL-31 cytokines and inflammatory pathways have been identified as important for the pathophysiology of atopic dermatitis (AD). Monoclonal antibodies against IL-13 have been studied for the treatment of asthma since 2011. More recently, 2 phase 2 trials have been completed with these antibodies in AD treatment. In both trials, significant reductions of Eczema Area and Severity Index scores were seen. IL-31 is thought to play a role transmitting itch sensation to the central nervous system, and blocking IL-31 activity reduces itch in patients with AD. One phase 2 trial has been completed for a humanized antibody against IL-31 receptor alpha, which is 1 subunit of the IL-31 receptor complex. This study showed significant dose-dependent reductions in pruritus, Eczema Area and Severity Index scores, and markers of sleep quality. Initial clinical trials for monoclonal antibodies against IL-13 and IL-31 receptor A all show promise, although long-term safety and efficacy data are lacking. Nevertheless, these medications will likely play a role in the treatment of moderate-to-severe AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten R Hamann
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy and the Copenhagen Research Group for Inflammatory Skin (CORGIS), Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark.
| | - Jacob P Thyssen
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy and the Copenhagen Research Group for Inflammatory Skin (CORGIS), Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
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