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Liu RW, Cheng Y, Foerster TA. Modeling the Relationship Between Perceived Descriptive Norms and Willingness to Practice COVID-19 Preventative Behaviors: A Test of the Mediation and Moderation Mechanisms in the Theory of Normative Social Behavior. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2024; 39:339-351. [PMID: 36628486 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2023.2165257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Social norm has been found to impact compliance with COVID-19 preventative behaviors, including handwashing, wearing a face mask, social distancing, and cleaning and disinfecting frequently touched surfaces. There is, however, a limited understanding of the social norm influence mechanisms and its boundary condition in the context of COVID-19. Guided by the theory of normative social behaviors (TNSB), this study conducted an online survey (N = 336) to examine whether perceived injunctive norms (PIN), outcome expectation (OE), group identity (GID), group orientation (GO), and cultural tightness-looseness (CTL) can moderate and/or mediate the relationship between perceived descriptive norms (PDN) and behavioral intentions (BI) to perform COVID-19 preventative behaviors in the United States. Results showed that whereas OE mediated the PDN-BI relationship to enact all four focal behaviors, PIN mediated the PDN-BI relationship for social distancing, wearing a face mask, and cleaning and disinfecting. However, inconsistent with the predictions, all five moderators (i.e. PIN, OE, GO, GID, and CTL) attenuated, instead of strengthening, the PDN-BI relationships for particular preventative behaviors. Theoretical and practical implications were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rain Wuyu Liu
- Department of Communication, The University of Arizona
| | - Ying Cheng
- Department of Management, California State University, San Bernardino
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2
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Gu W, Liu Y, Chen Q, Wang J, Che X, Du J, Zhang X, Xu Y, Zhang X, Jiang W, Wang J, Xie Q, Lu Z, Yang Y, Gu L, Chen J. Acceptance of influenza vaccination and associated factors among teachers in China: A cross-sectional study based on health belief model. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2023; 19:2270325. [PMID: 37905951 PMCID: PMC10760392 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2023.2270325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Teachers played an important role on the transmission of influenza in schools and communities. The study aims to investigate the influenza vaccination coverage and the factors determining flu vaccination acceptance among teachers in Hangzhou, China. A total of 1039 junior high school teachers in Hangzhou were recruited. The self-made questionnaire was used to investigate the influenza vaccine coverage among teachers and the influencing factors of influenza vaccination acceptance. Univariate analysis using the chi-square test and multivariable analysis using binary logistic regression were conducted to determine the relative predictors. The Influenza vaccine coverage among teachers was 5.9% (62/1039). 52.9% of teachers had the intention to receive influenza vaccine, 25.3% (247/977)/21.8% (213/977) of participants was hesitant/did not have the intention to get influenza vaccine. The top three sources for teachers to gain knowledge about influenza were website (72%), TV/radio (66.1%) and social media (58%). Whether get influenza vaccination before, knowledge about influenza and influenza vaccine, the beliefs for the likelihood of catching flu, the severity of getting flu, the effectiveness of influenza vaccine, the possibility of side effects after vaccination, and the troublesome of vaccination, doctors' recommendation, as well as the situation of vaccination among other teachers were the associated factors of influenza vaccination acceptance. The influenza vaccination coverage was low but the intentions were relatively high among junior high school teachers. Future research should focus on the relationship between vaccination acceptance and behavior to increase influenza vaccination rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Gu
- Department of Immunization and Prevention, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Immunization and Prevention, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qinghua Chen
- Department of Immunization and Prevention, Linping District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Immunization and Prevention, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinren Che
- Department of Immunization and Prevention, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian Du
- Department of Immunization and Prevention, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoping Zhang
- Department of Immunization and Prevention, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuyang Xu
- Department of Immunization and Prevention, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuechao Zhang
- Department of Immunization and Prevention, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Immunization and Prevention, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Immunization and Prevention, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qixin Xie
- Department of Immunization and Prevention, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhaojun Lu
- Department of Immunization and Prevention, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yingying Yang
- Department of Immunization and Prevention, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lintao Gu
- Department of Immunization and Prevention, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junfang Chen
- Department of Immunization and Prevention, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
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Teti M, Myroniuk TW, Kirksey G, Pratt M, Schatz E. Using peer-ethnography to explore the health and well-being of college students affected by COVID-19. Int J Qual Stud Health Well-being 2023; 18:2261841. [PMID: 37742341 PMCID: PMC10519263 DOI: 10.1080/17482631.2023.2261841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE COVID-19 continues to infect and affect college-aged youth. We lack information about how students experienced the pandemic day-to-day and what they need for recovery, from their own perspectives. This study employed peer ethnography to explore student's insights for current and future prevention and care. METHODS A team of eight students were trained as peer ethnographers to observe and record conversations with their peers in 15-minute increments during the COVID-19 pandemic. Transcripts of 200 conversations were collated and analysed via theme analysis to identify patterns. RESULTS Student conversations revealed dichotomous perspectives about COVID-19. Some students prioritized safety, captured via three themes-caution, rethinking routines, and protecting others. Other students struggled to follow prevention guidelines and took risks, also captured by three themes-parties, denial, and misinformation. A third category of themes captured the results of this dichotomy-tense campus relationships and a health leadership vacuum. CONCLUSIONS Our findings identify specific locations for intervention (e.g., off campus parties) and needed community collaborations (e.g., bars and universities) for COVID-19 and future pandemics. Our findings suggest that overarching approaches, like harm reduction or affirmation (versus shame), are helpful intervention frameworks. Findings also celebrate the value of peer-ethnography, to learn about pandemics and solutions from the ground up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Teti
- Department of Public Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Tyler W. Myroniuk
- Department of Public Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Grace Kirksey
- Department of Public Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Mariah Pratt
- Department of Public Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Enid Schatz
- Department of Public Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
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Robin C, Reynolds R, Lambert H, Hickman M, Rubin GJ, Smith LE, Yardley L, Cai S, Zhang T, Mook P, McManus O, Lasseter G, Compston P, Denford S, Zhang J, Amlôt R, Oliver I. Understanding adherence to self-isolation in the first phase of the COVID-19 pandemic in England: a cross-sectional mixed-methods study. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:2074. [PMID: 37872611 PMCID: PMC10594856 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16674-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the early "containment" phase of the COVID-19 response in England (January-March 2020), contact tracing was managed by Public Health England (PHE). Adherence to self-isolation during this phase and how people were making those decisions has not previously been determined. The aim of this study was to gain a better understanding of decisions around adherence to self-isolation during the first phase of the COVID-19 response in England. METHODS A mixed-methods cross sectional study was conducted, including an online survey and qualitative interviews. The overall pattern of adherence was described as never leaving home, leaving home for lower-contact reasons and leaving home for higher-contact reasons. Fisher's exact test was used to test associations between adherence and potentially predictive binary factors. Factors showing evidence of association overall were then considered in relation to the three aspects of adherence individually. Qualitative data were analysed using inductive thematic analysis. RESULTS Of 250 respondents who were advised to self-isolate, 63% reported not leaving home at all during their isolation period, 20% reported leaving only for lower-contact activities (dog walking or exercise) and 16% reported leaving for higher-contact, and therefore higher-risk, reasons. Factors associated with adherence to never going out included: the belief that following isolation advice would save lives, experiencing COVID-19 symptoms, being advised to stay in their room, having help from outside and having regular contact by text message from PHE. Factors associated with non-adherence included being angry about the advice to isolate, being unable to get groceries delivered and concerns about losing touch with friends and family. Interviews highlighted that a sense of duty motivated people to adhere to isolation guidance and where people did leave their homes, these decisions were based on rational calculations of the risk of transmission - people would only leave their homes when they thought they were unlikely to come into contact with others. CONCLUSIONS Understanding adherence to isolation and associated reasoning during the early stages of the pandemic is essential to pandemic preparedness for future emerging infectious disease outbreaks. Individuals make complex decisions around adherence by calibrating transmission risks, therefore treating adherence as binary should be avoided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Robin
- Behavioural Science and Insights Unit, UK Health Security Agency, Liverpool, L3 1DS, UK.
| | - Rosy Reynolds
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Helen Lambert
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Matthew Hickman
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - G James Rubin
- Department of Psychological Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Louise E Smith
- Department of Psychological Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Lucy Yardley
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Psychology Department, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Shenghan Cai
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Piers Mook
- UKHSA, Field Service, Health Protection Operations, London, UK
- Division of Health Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Oliver McManus
- UKHSA, Field Service, Health Protection Operations, London, UK
| | - Gemma Lasseter
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Polly Compston
- UKHSA, Field Service, Health Protection Operations, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sarah Denford
- School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Juan Zhang
- Department of Anthropology and Archaeology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Richard Amlôt
- Behavioural Science and Insights Unit, UK Health Security Agency, Salisbury, UK
| | - Isabel Oliver
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- UKHSA, Field Service, Health Protection Operations, Bristol, UK
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Ma J, Khan AR, Zhang HJ, Jun Z, Abonazel MR, Ahmad MS, Tageldin EM, Alzahran ARR. Exploring the potential impact of group identity on post-traumatic growth in the aftermath of Corona outbreak: function of social-emotional competence as a mediator. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1282462. [PMID: 37900048 PMCID: PMC10602683 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1282462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This research endeavors to examine the potential effects of human and societal interactions on individuals' post-traumatic growth in the aftermath of the Corona outbreak. To achieve the aforementioned objective, the current research investigates the correlations between post-traumatic growth and group identity, while also examining the potential mediating function of social-emotional competence. Methods A cross-sectional design included a representative sample of 2,637 high school students located in the capital territory of Pakistan using convenience sampling method. To explore the associations, correlation and mediation analyzes utilizing the group identification scale, the social-emotional competence scale, and the post-traumatic growth scale was performed with SPSS PROCESS 4 macro and AMOS. Results The findings demonstrated that group identification emerged as a substantial predictor substantially associated with post-traumatic growth. Moreover, the relationship linking group identification and post-traumatic growth was found to be partially moderated by social-emotional competence. Conclusion The phenomenon of group identification can exert influence on post-traumatic growth through both direct and mediating pathways, with the latter being essentially mediated by social-emotional competence. The aforementioned outcomes possess significant academic and practical implications concerning the promotion of post-traumatic growth and the improvement of psychological well-being after the Corona outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfu Ma
- Pakistan Studies Center, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Ahsan Riaz Khan
- Department of Interventional and Vascular Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- National United Engineering Laboratory for Biomedical Material Modification, Branden Industrial Park, Qihe Economic and Development Zone, Dezhou, China
| | - Hai-Jun Zhang
- Department of Interventional and Vascular Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- National United Engineering Laboratory for Biomedical Material Modification, Branden Industrial Park, Qihe Economic and Development Zone, Dezhou, China
| | - Zhang Jun
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai, China
| | - Mohamed R. Abonazel
- Department of Applied Statistics and Econometrics, Faculty of Graduate Studies for Statistical Research, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | | | - Elsayed M. Tageldin
- Electrical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Future University in Egypt, New Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ali Rashash R. Alzahran
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, College of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
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Kanaani E, Salahudeen MS, Curtain C. Australian community pharmacists' experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACY PRACTICE 2023; 31:472-477. [PMID: 37348933 DOI: 10.1093/ijpp/riad038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Community pharmacists have played an important role in providing services for their community during the COVID-19 pandemic. In this study, the purpose is to present the attitudes and experiences of Australian pharmacists regarding the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS A qualitative semi-structured interview explored community pharmacist experiences during the initial COVID-19 lockdown. Thematic analysis of transcribed interviews was conducted to investigate the experiences of pharmacists. KEY FINDINGS Interviews were conducted with 15 pharmacists from different regional areas and states of Australia. In the study, five main themes were developed: COVID-19 practice complications; pharmacy practice changes; difficult patient interactions; worsened mental well-being and coping strategies; and career dissatisfaction. Pharmacists stated that an increase in workload, shortage of supplies and frequent COVID-19 management updates increased pressure on their duties. The negative customer interactions during COVID-19 lockdown adversely affected some pharmacists' mental health and career satisfaction. CONCLUSIONS Community pharmacists are subject to multiple factors affecting their practice, impairing their mental well-being and triggering them to reconsider their career choice. It is important to provide support to community pharmacists to help improve their well-being and workplace satisfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Kanaani
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Mohammed S Salahudeen
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Colin Curtain
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
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Zhou X, Chen Y, Zhu L, An Z, Zhang J, Ge J. The Association Between Group Identity and Post-Traumatic Growth in the Post COVID-19 Era: The Mediating Effect of Social-Emotional Competence. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2023; 16:2869-2882. [PMID: 37534300 PMCID: PMC10390763 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s419484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the impact of human-society relationships on individual post-traumatic growth (PTG) in the post COVID-19 era, this study examined the association between group identity (GI) and PTG, and explored the mediating role of social-emotional competence (SEC). Patients and Methods In this cross-sectional study, we surveyed 1203 high school students in an eastern region of China using the GI Scale, the SEC Scale, and the PTG Scale. We conducted correlation and mediation analyses using SPSS 23.0 and PROCESS software. Results The results indicated that GI was a significant positive predictor of PTG (β=0.219, p<0.001), and that the pathway between GI and PTG was partially mediated by SEC (Effect=0.074, 95% CI= [0.045,0.104]). Conclusion GI can have both direct and indirect effects on PTG, with the latter mediated by SEC. These findings hold important theoretical and practical implications for promoting PTG and enhancing mental health in the post COVID-19 era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Zhou
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yifei Chen
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lidong Zhu
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenni An
- College of Education and Human Development, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianzhen Zhang
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiahao Ge
- College of Education and Human Development, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, People’s Republic of China
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Morsky B, Magpantay F, Day T, Akçay E. The impact of threshold decision mechanisms of collective behavior on disease spread. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2221479120. [PMID: 37126702 PMCID: PMC10175758 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2221479120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Humans are a hyper-social species, which greatly impacts the spread of infectious diseases. How do social dynamics impact epidemiology and what are the implications for public health policy? Here, we develop a model of disease transmission that incorporates social dynamics and a behavior that reduces the spread of disease, a voluntary nonpharmaceutical intervention (NPI). We use a "tipping-point" dynamic, previously used in the sociological literature, where individuals adopt a behavior given a sufficient prevalence of the behavior in the population. The thresholds at which individuals adopt the NPI behavior are modulated by the perceived risk of infection, i.e., the disease prevalence and transmission rate, costs to adopt the NPI behavior, and the behavior of others. Social conformity creates a type of "stickiness" whereby individuals are resistant to changing their behavior due to the population's inertia. In this model, we observe a nonmonotonicity in the attack rate as a function of various biological and social parameters such as the transmission rate, efficacy of the NPI, costs of the NPI, weight of social consequences of shirking the social norm, and the degree of heterogeneity in the population. We also observe that the attack rate can be highly sensitive to these parameters due to abrupt shifts in the collective behavior of the population. These results highlight the complex interplay between the dynamics of epidemics and norm-driven collective behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryce Morsky
- Department of Mathematics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL32306
- Department of Mathematics & Statistics, Queen’s University, Kingston, ONK7L 3N6, Canada
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Felicia Magpantay
- Department of Mathematics & Statistics, Queen’s University, Kingston, ONK7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Troy Day
- Department of Mathematics & Statistics, Queen’s University, Kingston, ONK7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Erol Akçay
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
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Clarke N, Barnett C. Archiving the COVID-19 pandemic in Mass Observation and Middletown. HISTORY OF THE HUMAN SCIENCES 2023; 36:3-25. [PMID: 37153715 PMCID: PMC10151920 DOI: 10.1177/09526951231152139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic generated debates about how pandemics should be known. There was much discussion of what role the human sciences could play in knowing - and governing - the pandemic. In this article, we focus on attempts to know the pandemic through diaries, other biographical writing, and related forms like mass photography. In particular, we focus on the archiving of such forms by Mass Observation in the UK and the Everyday Life in Middletown (EDLM) project in the USA, and initial analyses of such material by scholars from across the human sciences. Our main argument is that archiving the pandemic was informed by, and needs viewing through, the history of the human sciences - including the distinctive histories and human sciences of Mass Observation and Middletown. The article finishes by introducing a Special Section that engages with archiving the pandemic in two senses: the archiving of diaries and related forms by Mass Observation and the EDLM project, and the archiving of initial encounters between researchers and this material by History of the Human Sciences. The Special Section seeks to know the pandemic from the human sciences in the present and to archive knowing the pandemic from the human sciences for the future.
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Public conformism with health regulation is crumbling as COVID-19 becomes a chronic threat: Repeated Cross-sectional Studies. Isr J Health Policy Res 2023; 12:7. [PMID: 36737815 PMCID: PMC9896836 DOI: 10.1186/s13584-023-00555-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study is to analyze the long terms trends in public attitudes toward the COVID-19 pandemic and compliance with self-quarantine regulations. METHODS Repeated cross-sectional studies looking into data collected from nationally representative samples (N = 2568) of the adult population in Israel at five points in time representing the five morbidity waves of the COVID-19 pandemic. This study examined public trust in Israeli health regulations, levels of public panic, feelings of personal worry, and compliance with health regulations, specifically self-quarantine. RESULTS Public trust in health regulations in January 2022 is at an all-time low (25%) compared to the maximum value of nearly 75% measured in March 2020. While reported worry is steadily reducing, the perception of public panic is increasing. In earlier rounds, public compliance with self-quarantine was reported close to 100%; however, it has dropped to 38% by January 2022 when compensation is not assumed. Regression analysis suggests that trust is a major predictor of compliance with health regulations. CONCLUSIONS The "fifth wave" of the COVID-19 pandemic brought about an all-time low in public trust in health regulations. The Israeli public, normally a highly compliant one, is showing signs of crumbling conformity.
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Cogan N, McGibbon M, Gardiner A, Morton L. Understanding the Mental Health Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Railway Workers: Risks and Protective Factors. J Occup Environ Med 2023; 65:172-183. [PMID: 36109012 PMCID: PMC9897125 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000002711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Railway workers have provided an essential service throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. This study explored the effects of COVID-19 on the mental well-being of railway workers (N = 906) in the United Kingdom during the third lockdown period. METHOD The online survey included measures of COVID-19-related risk factors (perceived risk, stress, burnout, trauma) and protective factors (resilience coping, team resilience, general help seeking) associated with mental well-being. Responses were analyzed using multiple regression and content analysis. RESULTS COVID-19-related risk factors negatively predicted well-being. Higher scores on adaptive resilience, intentions to seek help, and team resilience significantly predicted higher mental well-being scores. Mental health decline throughout the COVID-19 pandemic and concerns for the future were reported. CONCLUSIONS Building a resilient railway workforce requires attention to staff mental well-being and to ensuring that support systems are robust and accessible.
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Purves RI, Maclean J, Rocha C, Philpott M, Fitzgerald N, Piggin J, Hunt K. Attending sporting mega events during COVID-19: mitigation and messaging at UK EURO 2020 matches. Health Promot Int 2023; 38:6974790. [PMID: 36617291 PMCID: PMC9825819 DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daac176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The UEFA EURO 2020 football tournament was one of the largest Sporting Mega Events (SMEs) to take place during the COVID-19 pandemic. Mitigating the risk of virus transmission requires a multi-layered approach for any large event, more so in this case due to staging the tournament across eleven host countries. Yet, little is known about COVID-19 risks and mitigation from attending an event of this scale and nature. We examined the implementation of mitigation and messaging at EURO 2020 matches hosted at venues in the UK. The tournament was postponed from the summer of 2020 and played in June and July of 2021. Structured observations were conducted by 11 trained fieldwork-supporters at 10 matches played at Wembley Stadium, London, or Hampden Park, Glasgow. Fieldwork-supporters observed one-way systems and signage, and hand sanitizing stations inside the stadia, but reported significant variation in the implementation of staggered timeslots, testing upon entry, and procedures for exit. Adherence to planned measures by ticket holders and implementation by stewards waned as the tournament progressed culminating in an absence of enforced measures at the final. The non-compliance with COVID-19 mitigation measures was likely to have led to a significantly increased risk of transmission. Future events should consider how COVID-19 mitigation measures could become 'new norms' of fan behaviour, learning from what is already known about football fandom. Tournament organizers of SMEs can use these findings to promote clearer messaging on pandemic-driven changes in fan behaviour and best practices in mitigating risk at future sporting and cultural events.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jordan Maclean
- Institute for Social Marketing and Health, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
| | - Claudio Rocha
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Sport, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
| | | | - Niamh Fitzgerald
- Institute for Social Marketing and Health, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
| | - Joe Piggin
- Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Kate Hunt
- Institute for Social Marketing and Health, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
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De Moor EL, Cheng TY, Spitzer JE, Berger C, Carrizales A, Garandeau CF, Gerbino M, Hawk ST, Kaniušonytė G, Kumru A, Malonda E, Rovella A, Shen YL, Taylor LK, van Zalk M, Branje S, Carlo G, Padilla Walker L, Van der Graaff J. What Should I do and Who's to blame? A cross-national study on youth's attitudes and beliefs in times of COVID-19. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0279366. [PMID: 36542632 PMCID: PMC9770422 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0279366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 crisis has had a major impact on youth. This study examined factors associated with youth's attitudes towards their government's response to the pandemic and their blaming of individuals from certain risk groups, ethnic backgrounds, and countries or regions. In a sample of 5,682 young adults (Mage = 22) from 14 countries, lower perceived burden due to COVID-19, more collectivistic and less individualistic values, and more empathy were associated with more positive attitudes towards the government and less blaming of individuals of certain groups. Youth's social identification with others in the pandemic mediated these associations in the same direction, apart from the COVID-19 burden on attitudes, which had a positive indirect effect. No evidence of country-level moderation was found.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ting-Yu Cheng
- Department of Youth and Family, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jenna E. Spitzer
- Department of Developmental Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Christian Berger
- School of Psychology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alexia Carrizales
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
| | | | - Maria Gerbino
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Skyler T. Hawk
- Educational Psychology, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Goda Kaniušonytė
- Institute of Psychology, Mykolas Romeris University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Asiye Kumru
- Department of Psychology, Ozyegin University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Elisabeth Malonda
- Department of Basic Psychology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Anna Rovella
- Psychology Department, San Luis National University, San Luis, Argentina
| | - Yuh-Ling Shen
- Department of Psychology, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Laura K. Taylor
- School of Psychology, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Maarten van Zalk
- Developmental Psychology, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Susan Branje
- Department of Youth and Family, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Gustavo Carlo
- School of Education, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Laura Padilla Walker
- School of Family Life, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States of America
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14
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Carrera P, Aguilar P, Fernández I, Caballero A. Health or wealth? The influence of perceived health and wealth threats and style of thinking on protective behaviours and well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain ( ¿Salud o riqueza? La influencia de las amenazas percibidas contra la salud y la riqueza y del estilo de pensamiento en las conductas de protección y el bienestar durante la pandemia de COVID-19 en España). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/02134748.2022.2132744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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15
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Hobson Z, Yesberg JA, Bradford B. Fear Appeals in Anti-Knife Carrying Campaigns: Successful or Counter-Productive? JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2022; 37:NP21573-NP21598. [PMID: 35038941 PMCID: PMC9679559 DOI: 10.1177/08862605211064237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In the UK, knife crime continues to be a persistent and worrying concern. Media campaigns are often used by police and anti-knife crime organisations in an attempt to discourage young people from picking up a weapon. Many focus on the potentially devastating consequences associated with carrying a weapon, with the aim of provoking fear and thus a deterrent effect. In this paper, we present the findings from two experimental studies exploring the effects of exposure to fear-based knife crime media campaigns on young people's intentions to engage in knife-carrying behaviour. Utilising a terror management theory perspective, in both studies we found that exposure to knife-related campaign imagery increased mortality salience, but there was no effect of campaign condition on willingness to carry a knife or on perceived benefits of knife-carrying. Although knife-related self-esteem/cultural worldviews predicted attitudes towards knife-carrying, such views did not moderate the effect of exposure to knife-related campaign imagery, and there was no effect of priming participants' to consider the value of behaving responsibly. Implications and suggestions for future research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoë Hobson
- Department of Security and Crime
Science, Institute for Global City Policing, University College
London, London, UK
| | - Julia A. Yesberg
- Department of Security and Crime
Science, Institute for Global City Policing, University College
London, London, UK
| | - Ben Bradford
- Department of Security and Crime
Science, Institute for Global City Policing, University College
London, London, UK
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16
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MacNeil S, Deschênes S, Knäuper B, Carrese-Chacra E, Dialahy IZ, Suh S, Durif F, Gouin JP. Group-based trajectories and predictors of adherence to physical distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic. Psychol Health 2022; 37:1492-1510. [PMID: 34951559 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2021.2014486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Objective: This study sought to identify psychosocial predictors of trajectories of adherence to physical distancing alongside changes in public health measures during the COVID-19 pandemic. Design: A three-time point longitudinal survey during the first two waves of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Participants (N = 1003) completed self-report measures of adherence to physical distancing over an 8-month period at the start (T1) and end (T2) of the first wave of the pandemic, and the start of the second wave of the pandemic (T3). Participants also completed measures of their health beliefs related to the self and others, social norms, emotional distress, and sociodemographic characteristics. Results: Using group-based trajectory modeling, four trajectories of adherence to physical distancing emerged: a high-adherence trajectory, a slow-declining trajectory, a fluctuating trajectory, and a fast-declining trajectory. The most important psychosocial predictors of poorer adherence trajectories included perceptions of lower self-efficacy and higher barriers to adherence, as well as lower prosocial attitudes towards physical distancing. Conclusion: Public health messages targeting these factors may be most relevant to promote sustained adherence to physical distancing over time in the context of a pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasha MacNeil
- Psychology Department, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Sonya Deschênes
- School of Psychology, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Bärbel Knäuper
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Isaora Zefania Dialahy
- Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et des Services Sociaux du Nord de l'île de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Sooyeon Suh
- Department of Psychology, Sungshin Women's University, South Korea
| | - Fabien Durif
- School of Management, Université du Québec à Montreal, Montreal, Canada
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17
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Shukla S, Mishra SK, Agustino RD. Reflection of Types of Prosocial Behavior During COVID-19 in Collectivistic Asian Countries-India and Indonesia. QUALITATIVE HEALTH RESEARCH 2022; 32:1993-2005. [PMID: 36177963 PMCID: PMC9527149 DOI: 10.1177/10497323221129260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 is an infectious disease that has widened the gap between victims and non-victims in society. Understanding how individuals support and assist COVID-19 sufferers in a pandemic crisis is critical. Thus, this study aims to qualitatively evaluate the prosocial intention and types of prosocial behavior toward COVID-19 victims by low socioeconomic individuals from India and Indonesia's collectivistic societies. We conducted semi-structured and in-depth interviews during the lockdown from March to May 2020, via phone and in-person, using a purposive selection of respondents (total n = 50). The data were analyzed using the qualitative synthesis method. Five themes were discovered: 1) too scared to help, 2) love to help but scared: moral dilemma, 3) informing authority who knows how to handle, 4) caring, sharing, and supporting, but with a distance, and 5) helping at one's personal health risk. This study highlights that prosocial intentions range from minor acts of kindness to self-harm and out-of-bounds acts of kindness for COVID-19 victims.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanu Shukla
- Indian Institute of Management
Indore, Indore, India
| | | | - Rahmi Dian Agustino
- Josef Korbel School of International
Studies, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA
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18
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Haghani M. Crowd dynamics research in the era of Covid-19 pandemic: Challenges and opportunities. SAFETY SCIENCE 2022; 153:105818. [PMID: 35582429 PMCID: PMC9095433 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssci.2022.105818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
With the issues of crowd control and physical distancing becoming central to disease prevention measures, one would expect that crowd research should become a focus of attention during the Covid-19 pandemic era. However, I will show, based on a variety of metrics, that not only has this not been the case, but also, the first two years of the pandemic have posed an undisputable setback to the development and growth of crowd science. Without intervention, this could potentially aggravate further and cause a long-lasting recession in this field. This article, in addition to documenting and highlighting this issue, aims to outline potential avenues through which crowd research can reshape itself in the era of Covid-19 pandemic, maintain its pre-pandemic momentum and even further expand the diversity of its topics. Despite significant changes that the pandemic has brought to human life, issues related to congregation and mobility of pedestrians, building fires, crowd incidents, rallying crowds and the like have not disappeared from societies and remain relevant. Moreover, the diversity of pandemic-related problems itself creates a rich ground for making novel scientific discoveries. This could provide grounds for establishing fresh dimensions in crowd dynamics research. These potential new dimensions extend to all areas of this field including numerical and experimental investigations, crowd psychology and applications of computer vision and artificial intelligence methods in crowd management. The Covid-19 pandemic may have posed challenges to crowd researchers but has also created ample potential opportunities. This is further evidenced by reviewing efforts taken thus far in pandemic-related crowd research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Haghani
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of New South Wales, UNSW Sydney, Australia
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19
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Carter ED, Cordero ML. Salir Adelante: Social capital and resilience during the Covid-19 pandemic in Argentina. Health Place 2022; 77:102870. [PMID: 35933852 PMCID: PMC9296513 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2022.102870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The Covid-19 pandemic has stimulated new appraisals of how social cohesion, including neighborhood-level social capital, fosters resilience in the face of crisis. Several studies suggest better health outcomes in neighborhoods with higher level of social capital, in general and during the pandemic. Building on a growing body of research which suggests that those who live in close-knit neighborhoods have fared better during the pandemic, this article analyzes how social capital influences individual and collective perceptions and attitudes about the experiences of the Covid-19 pandemic in Tucumán, Argentina. To assess this question, we used a mixed-methods approach, combining focus groups, semi-structured interviews, and an online survey (n = 701 respondents) conducted in September 2021. We find widespread experiences of resilience in response to the Covid-19 pandemic, in spite of difficult socioeconomic conditions and perceived poor government performance. Results from logistic regression analysis indicate that perceptions of high neighborhood social capital are associated with more positive outcomes in many dimensions, including personal resilience, ability to cope with uncertainty, perceptions of community solidarity, and reported compliance with public health measures. We further argue that conceptualizations of social cohesion need to be adjusted to local or national-level cultural norms to accurately capture the experience of countries of the Global South.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - María Laura Cordero
- Instituto de Investigaciones Territoriales y Tecnológicas para la Producción del Hábitat (INTEPH), CONICET NOASur, Argentina
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20
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Schippers MC, Ioannidis JPA, Joffe AR. Aggressive measures, rising inequalities, and mass formation during the COVID-19 crisis: An overview and proposed way forward. Front Public Health 2022; 10:950965. [PMID: 36159300 PMCID: PMC9491114 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.950965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of aggressive restrictive measures were adopted around the world in 2020-2022 to attempt to prevent SARS-CoV-2 from spreading. However, it has become increasingly clear the most aggressive (lockdown) response strategies may involve negative side-effects such as a steep increase in poverty, hunger, and inequalities. Several economic, educational, and health repercussions have fallen disproportionately on children, students, young workers, and especially on groups with pre-existing inequalities such as low-income families, ethnic minorities, and women. This has led to a vicious cycle of rising inequalities and health issues. For example, educational and financial security decreased along with rising unemployment and loss of life purpose. Domestic violence surged due to dysfunctional families being forced to spend more time with each other. In the current narrative and scoping review, we describe macro-dynamics that are taking place because of aggressive public health policies and psychological tactics to influence public behavior, such as mass formation and crowd behavior. Coupled with the effect of inequalities, we describe how these factors can interact toward aggravating ripple effects. In light of evidence regarding the health, economic and social costs, that likely far outweigh potential benefits, the authors suggest that, first, where applicable, aggressive lockdown policies should be reversed and their re-adoption in the future should be avoided. If measures are needed, these should be non-disruptive. Second, it is important to assess dispassionately the damage done by aggressive measures and offer ways to alleviate the burden and long-term effects. Third, the structures in place that have led to counterproductive policies should be assessed and ways should be sought to optimize decision-making, such as counteracting groupthink and increasing the level of reflexivity. Finally, a package of scalable positive psychology interventions is suggested to counteract the damage done and improve humanity's prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaéla C. Schippers
- Department of Technology and Operations Management, Rotterdam School of Management, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - John P. A. Ioannidis
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
- Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
- Meta-Research Innovation Center at Stanford (METRICS), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Ari R. Joffe
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stollery Children's Hospital, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- John Dossetor Health Ethics Center, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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21
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Brindal E, Kakoschke N, Reeson A, Evans D. Madness of the crowd: Understanding mass behaviors through a multidisciplinary lens. Front Psychol 2022; 13:924511. [PMID: 36059764 PMCID: PMC9439619 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.924511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Mass or crowd behaviors refer to those that occur at a group level and suggest that crowds behave differently to individuals. Mass behaviors are typically triggered by a significant societal event. The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has provided many tangible examples of crowd behaviors that have been observed globally, suggesting possible common underlying drivers. It is important to provide a deeper understanding of such behaviors to develop mitigation strategies for future population-level challenges. To gain deeper insight into a variety of crowd behaviors, we perform a conceptual analysis of crowd behaviors using three detailed case studies covering observable behavior (panic buying and health protective actions) and mass beliefs (conspiracy theories) that have resulted or shifted throughout the pandemic. The aim of this review was to explored key triggers, psychological drivers, and possible mitigation strategies through a mixture of theory and published literature. Finally, we create experimental mathematical models to support each case study and to illustrate the effects of manipulating key behavioral factors. Overall, our analyses identified several commonalties across the case studies and revealed the importance of Social Identity Theory and concepts of trust, social connection, and stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Brindal
- Health & Biosecurity, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Naomi Kakoschke
- Health & Biosecurity, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Andrew Reeson
- Data61, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - David Evans
- Data61, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Canberra, ACT, Australia
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22
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Wright L, Steptoe A, Fancourt D. Trajectories of Compliance With COVID-19 Related Guidelines: Longitudinal Analyses of 50,000 UK Adults. Ann Behav Med 2022; 56:781-790. [PMID: 35759288 PMCID: PMC9278256 DOI: 10.1093/abm/kaac023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Governments have implemented a range of measures focused on changing citizens' behaviors to lower the transmission of COVID-19. While international data shows that compliance did decline from the start of the pandemic, average trends could mask considerable heterogeneity in compliance behaviors. PURPOSE To explore trajectories of compliance with COVID-19 guidelines. METHODS We used longitudinal data on self-reported compliance from 50,851 adults in the COVID-19 Social Study collected across two waves of the pandemic in the UK (April 01, 2020-February 22, 2021). We modeled typical compliance trajectories using latent class growth analysis (LCGA) and used multinomial logistic regression to examine whether individual personality and demographic characteristics were related to compliance trajectories. RESULTS We selected a four-class LCGA solution. Most individuals maintained high levels of compliance and reported similar levels of compliance across the first and second waves. Approximately 15% of participants had decreasing levels of compliance across the pandemic, reporting noticeably lower levels of compliance in the second wave. Individuals with declining compliance levels were younger on average, in better physical health, had lower empathy and conscientiousness and greater general willingness to take risks. CONCLUSIONS While a minority, not all individuals have maintained high compliance across the pandemic. Decreasing compliance is related to several psychological traits. The results suggest that targeting of behavior change messages later in the pandemic may be needed to increase compliance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam Wright
- Centre for Longitudinal Studies, Institute of Education, University College London, London, UK
| | - Andrew Steptoe
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Daisy Fancourt
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK
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23
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Greijdanus H, van der Voorn M. Humour Against Binge Drinking During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cartoon-Based Anti-Alcohol Health Campaign Targeting Women-Who-Have-Sex-With-Women. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 8:1-27. [PMID: 35855976 PMCID: PMC9281285 DOI: 10.1007/s41042-022-00068-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study focuses on the role of humour in health and well-being of women-who-have-sex-with-women (WSW) during COVID-19. This group has been shown to be vulnerable to alcohol abuse, especially as self-medication coping with social consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic. We investigated the potential usefulness of WSW-inclusive (i.e., depicting a female-female romantic couple) versus hetero-normative (i.e., depicting a male-female romantic couple) humorous cartoons in an anti-alcohol health campaign against excessive drinking among WSW. One-hundred-and-twenty-seven self-categorized WSW of diverse genders (woman, non-binary) and sexual orientations (e.g., lesbian, bisexual, pansexual, queer, heterosexual) participated in a 2 × 2 factorial between-participants design. Data were collected during the first months of the COVID-19 pandemic in The Netherlands. Humorous cartoons explicitly referring to lockdown measures systematically varied the humour subject (punchline about excessive drinking versus staying sober) and the couple (male-female, female-female) that were depicted. Although the (very brief) health message did not influence binge drinking determinants, the humorous health campaign depicting a female-female couple was perceived as more inclusive and evoked more amusement and less anger than when the cartoons depicted a male-female couple. High WSW identifiers were less amused about the health campaign text (but not the cartoons), less likely to share campaign materials offline (but not online), and had more positive binge drinking attitudes but lower binge drinking intentions than low identifiers. Implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hedy Greijdanus
- Heymans Institute for Psychological Research, University of Groningen, Grote Kruisstraat 2/1, 9712 TS Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maaike van der Voorn
- Heymans Institute for Psychological Research, University of Groningen, Grote Kruisstraat 2/1, 9712 TS Groningen, The Netherlands
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24
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Daniels J, Rettie H. The Mental Health Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic Second Wave on Shielders and Their Family Members. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19127333. [PMID: 35742580 PMCID: PMC9223363 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19127333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
In March 2020, individuals shielding from coronavirus reported high rates of distress. This study investigated whether fear of contamination (FoC) and use of government-recommended behaviours (GRB; e.g., handwashing and wearing masks) were associated with psychological distress during February 2021. An online cross-sectional questionnaire assessed psychological distress in three groups (shielding self, shielding other/s, and control), and those shielding others also completed an adapted measure of health anxiety (α = 0.94). The sample (N = 723) was predominantly female (84%) with a mean age of 41.72 (SD = 15.15). Those shielding (self) demonstrated significantly higher rates of health anxiety and FoC in comparison to other groups (p < 0.001). The use of GRB was significantly lower in controls (p < 0.001), with no significant difference between the two shielding groups (p = 0.753). Rates of anxiety were higher when compared to March 2020 findings, except for controls. Hierarchical regressions indicated FoC and GRB accounted for 24% of variance in generalised anxiety (p < 0.001) and 28% in health anxiety, however, the latter was a non-significant predictor in final models. Those shielding themselves and others during the pandemic have experienced sustained levels of distress; special consideration must be given to those indirectly affected. Psychological interventions should account for realistic FoC and the impact of government-recommended health behaviours, as these factors are associated with distress in vulnerable groups and may extend beyond the pandemic. Future research should focus on longitudinal designs to monitor and better understand the clinical needs of those shielding, and those shielding others post-pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jo Daniels
- Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK;
- North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol BS10 5NB, UK
- Correspondence:
| | - Hannah Rettie
- Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK;
- North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol BS10 5NB, UK
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25
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Ntontis E, Fernandes-Jesus M, Mao G, Dines T, Kane J, Karakaya J, Perach R, Cocking C, McTague M, Schwarz A, Semlyen J, Drury J. Tracking the nature and trajectory of social support in Facebook mutual aid groups during the COVID-19 pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DISASTER RISK REDUCTION : IJDRR 2022; 76:103043. [PMID: 35601394 PMCID: PMC9106594 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2022.103043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
At the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, thousands of mutual aid groups were established on social media and operated as platforms through which people could offer or request social support. Considering the importance of Facebook mutual aid groups during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom but also the lack of empirical research regarding the trajectories and types of social support rendered available through the groups, our aims in this paper are threefold; first, to examine the trajectory of social support-related activity during the period between March-December 2020; second, to compare offers and requests of support during the peaks of the first and second waves; third to provide a rich analysis of the types of social support that were offered or requested through the online mutual aid groups. Quantitative findings suggest that online social support activity declined soon after the peak of the first pandemic wave and, at least in Facebook mutual aid groups, did not reach the levels observed during the first wave. Also, the number of offers of support during the first wave was higher compared to offers during the second wave, and similar was the case for requests for support. Additionally, offers for support were higher compared to requests for support during both the first and second waves. Finally, qualitative analysis showed that people used the Facebook mutual aid groups to offer and request various types of practical, emotional, and informational support. Limitations as well as implications of our study are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelos Ntontis
- School of Psychology and Counselling, The Open University, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Fernandes-Jesus
- School of Education, Languages and Psychology, York St John University, United Kingdom
- School of Psychology, University of Sussex, United Kingdom
| | - Guanlan Mao
- School of Psychology, University of Sussex, United Kingdom
| | - Tom Dines
- School of Psychology and Life Sciences, Canterbury Christ Church University, United Kingdom
| | - Jazmin Kane
- School of Psychology and Life Sciences, Canterbury Christ Church University, United Kingdom
| | - Joshua Karakaya
- School of Psychology and Life Sciences, Canterbury Christ Church University, United Kingdom
| | - Rotem Perach
- School of Psychology, University of Sussex, United Kingdom
| | - Chris Cocking
- School of Humanities & Applied Social Sciences, University of Brighton, United Kingdom
| | | | - Anna Schwarz
- The World Food Project, Hot Food for Hollingdean, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Joanna Semlyen
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, United Kingdom
- NR2 Mutual Aid/COVID-19 Community Response, United Kingdom
| | - John Drury
- School of Psychology, University of Sussex, United Kingdom
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26
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Waterschoot J, Morbée S, Van den Bergh O, Vansteenkiste M. Merry Christmas and a “Healthy” New Year. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1027/2512-8442/a000114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract. Background: In November 2020, many European governments imposed severe limitations on social contacts and festive gatherings to avoid a further outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. Aims: At the moment when it was still unclear whether Christmas gatherings would be allowed, the present vignette study was conducted to evaluate four hypothetical scenarios varying in restrictiveness (i.e., 1, 2, 4, or an unlimited number of visitors). Method: In total, 5,756 Belgian participants (65.7% female; Mage = 45.6, range: 18–89) evaluated each scenario in terms of the perceived strictness, probability of adherence, and expected psychological advantages (i.e., autonomy, relatedness, pleasure) and disadvantages (i.e., concerns). Results: Evidence for a curvilinear pattern was found, such that the expected psychological benefits increased with an increasing number of allowed visitors till 4, with this effect being reversed in case of an unlimited gathering. Yet, these main effects were qualified: Older adults, those living together, and those scoring high on risk perception and autonomous motivation to adhere to the corona measures expected the more restrictive scenarios to be equally beneficial compared to the more relaxed scenarios. Limitations: Limitations are self-selection of the sample, no counterbalancing of the scenario’s and the vignette-based methodology. Conclusion: The present findings suggest that people’s risk perception and autonomous motivation are key to secure and stimulate the acceptance of life-restricting measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Waterschoot
- Faculty of Psychology, Department of Developmental, Personality, and Social Psychology, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Sofie Morbée
- Faculty of Psychology, Department of Developmental, Personality, and Social Psychology, Ghent University, Belgium
| | | | - Maarten Vansteenkiste
- Faculty of Psychology, Department of Developmental, Personality, and Social Psychology, Ghent University, Belgium
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Epton T, Ghio D, Ballard LM, Allen SF, Kassianos AP, Hewitt R, Swainston K, Fynn WI, Rowland V, Westbrook J, Jenkinson E, Morrow A, McGeechan GJ, Stanescu S, Yousuf AA, Sharma N, Begum S, Karasouli E, Scanlan D, Shorter GW, Arden MA, Armitage CJ, O'Connor DB, Kamal A, McBride E, Swanson V, Hart J, Byrne-Davis L, Chater A, Drury J. Interventions to promote physical distancing behaviour during infectious disease pandemics or epidemics: A systematic review. Soc Sci Med 2022; 303:114946. [PMID: 35605431 PMCID: PMC8957361 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.114946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Physical distancing, defined as keeping 1-2m apart when co-located, can prevent cases of droplet or aerosol transmitted infectious diseases such as SARS-CoV2. During the COVID-19 pandemic, distancing was a recommendation or a requirement in many countries. This systematic review aimed to determine which interventions and behavior change techniques (BCTs) are effective in promoting adherence to distancing and through which potential mechanisms of action (MOAs). METHODS Six databases were searched. The review included studies that were (a) conducted on humans, (b) reported physical distancing interventions, (c) included any comparator (e.g., pre-intervention versus post-intervention; randomized controlled trial), and (d) reported actual distancing or predictors of distancing behavior. Risk of bias was assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. BCTs and potential MoAs were identified in each intervention. RESULTS Six articles (with seven studies and 19 comparisons) indicated that distancing interventions could successfully change MoAs and behavior. Successful BCTs (MoAs) included feedback on behavior (e.g., motivation); information about health consequences, salience of health consequences (e.g., beliefs about consequences), demonstration (e.g., beliefs about capabilities), and restructuring the physical environment (e.g., environmental context and resources). The most promising interventions were proximity buzzers, directional systems, and posters with loss-framed messages that demonstrated the behaviors. CONCLUSIONS The evidence indicates several BCTs and potential MoAs that should be targeted in interventions and highlights gaps that should be the focus of future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy Epton
- Manchester Centre for Health Psychology, University of Manchester, UK.
| | - Daniela Ghio
- Manchester Centre for Health Psychology, University of Manchester, UK
| | | | - Sarah F Allen
- School of Social Sciences, Humanities and Law, Teesside University, UK
| | | | | | - Katherine Swainston
- Psychology, Centre for Applied Psychological Science, Teesside University, UK
| | | | | | | | - Elizabeth Jenkinson
- Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Bristol, UK
| | | | | | - Sabina Stanescu
- School of Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | | | - Nisha Sharma
- Department of Clinical Health Psychology, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, UK
| | - Suhana Begum
- Department of Psychology, City University of London, UK; Surrey County Council, UK
| | | | - Daniel Scanlan
- Research and Communication, Education Support, London, N5 1EW, UK
| | - Gillian W Shorter
- Centre for Improving Health Related Quality of Life, Queen's University Belfast, UK
| | - Madelynne A Arden
- Centre for Behavioural Science and Applied Psychology, Sheffield Hallam University, UK
| | - Christopher J Armitage
- Manchester Centre for Health Psychology, University of Manchester, UK; Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, University of Manchester, UK; Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, UK; NIHR Greater Manchester Patient Safety Translational Research Centre, University of Manchester, UK
| | | | - Atiya Kamal
- Department of Psychology, Birmingham City University, UK
| | - Emily McBride
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, UK
| | | | - Jo Hart
- Manchester Centre for Health Psychology, University of Manchester, UK; Division of Medical Education, University of Manchester, UK
| | - Lucie Byrne-Davis
- Manchester Centre for Health Psychology, University of Manchester, UK; Division of Medical Education, University of Manchester, UK
| | | | - John Drury
- School of Psychology, University of Sussex, UK
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Abstract
Presented study explores the knowledge domain of psychological research published in 2020 and 2021. Metadata from 156,942 psychology papers available in Scopus were analyzed using citation analysis and bibliographic mapping techniques. Having in mind the ubiquity of the COVID-19 pandemic and the numerous ways it has affected people's lives, the fact that COVID-19-related papers represent only 2% to 7% of the total academic production in psychology may seem rather low. However, these papers have attracted much more attention from the public than non-COVID papers. They were also cited two to eight times more frequently, depending on the measure used, and account for 16% to 19% of total citations to psychology papers. Results show that early-stage researchers and those who had fewer articles in Scopus have benefited more from publishing COVID papers. They have managed to boost their average citation rates to the level of their colleagues who were much longer active and previously had higher citedness. Results indicate that the authors citing behavior largely follows the cumulative advantage pattern. Psychological research in general is mainly focused on mental health, anxiety, depression, and stress. This trend is even more fostered due to the pandemic since some of these topics are often analyzed as typical emotional reactions to COVID-19. Other relevant issues are also very well covered, except for the question how scientific results are communicated to the public. The role of "hot" papers was elaborated from the perspective of research evaluation practice. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12144-022-03146-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dejan Pajić
- Faculty of Philosophy, Department of Psychology, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
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29
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Akfırat S, Üzümçeker E, Uysal MS, Yurtbakan T, Ergiyen T, Görüryılmaz T. The roles of national and global identities and leaders in the acceptance of COVID-19 vaccines developed by different countries ( Los roles de las identidades y los líderes nacionales y globales en la aceptación de las vacunas contra la COVID-19 desarrolladas por diferentes países). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/02134748.2022.2038421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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30
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Leather JZ, Keyworth C, Epton T, Goldthorpe J, Ulph F, Armitage CJ. "We want to live a little longer and our family want[s] us around": A summative content analysis of adherence to COVID-19-related guidelines using the Theoretical Domains Framework. Br J Health Psychol 2022; 27:1119-1152. [PMID: 35319141 PMCID: PMC9111475 DOI: 10.1111/bjhp.12591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Objective Public adherence to COVID‐19‐related government guidance varied during the initial lockdown in the UK, but the determinants of public adherence to such guidance are unclear. We capture spontaneous reflections on adherence to UK government guidance from a representative UK sample, and use the TDF to identify key determinants of COVID‐related behaviours. Design The design was cross‐sectional. Methods Qualitative data were collected from a large sample of UK adults (N = 2,252) via an online questionnaire as part of a wider survey about the UK public’s responses to the government’s COVID‐19‐related guidance. Summative content analysis was used to identify key guideline terms in the data, followed by latent analysis to interpret the underlying meanings behind the terms using the TDF as an analytical framework. Results Six TDF domains were identified in the data: Environmental Context and Resources; Beliefs about Consequences; Social Influences; Memory, Attention and Decision Processes; Emotion; and Knowledge. Although the samples were motivated and capable of adhering, limitations in their environments, resources, and social support mechanisms restricted behaviour. Self‐reported adherence was sensitive to positive and negative beliefs about the effectiveness of the measures, in addition to interpretations of the terms ‘essential’ and ‘necessary’ in the guidance. Conclusions Despite extensive structural obstacles to adherence, the majority of the British public were able to follow government COVID‐19‐related instructions, provided they had sufficient resources, social support, and positive perceptions about the effectiveness of the measures. Ambiguities surrounding key terminology in the guidance left room for interpretation, which may have contributed to non‐adherence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Z Leather
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, Manchester Centre for Health Psychology, School of Health Sciences, The University of Manchester, UK.,NIHR Greater Manchester Patient Safety Translational Research Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, UK
| | | | - Tracy Epton
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, Manchester Centre for Health Psychology, School of Health Sciences, The University of Manchester, UK
| | - Joanna Goldthorpe
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, Manchester Centre for Health Psychology, School of Health Sciences, The University of Manchester, UK
| | - Fiona Ulph
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, Manchester Centre for Health Psychology, School of Health Sciences, The University of Manchester, UK
| | - Christopher J Armitage
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, Manchester Centre for Health Psychology, School of Health Sciences, The University of Manchester, UK.,NIHR Greater Manchester Patient Safety Translational Research Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, UK.,Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, UK
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31
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Continuance Intention of Online Healthcare Communities- The Mediation Mechanism of Social Interaction Ties. J ORGAN END USER COM 2022. [DOI: 10.4018/joeuc.302892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this research is to evaluate the continuance usage intention on online healthcare community (OHC) platform for patients and examine the "doctor-OHC-patient" relationship. The proposed model attempted to integrate social interaction ties, shared value, trust with the indirect effects on the relationship between the determinants and continuous usage intention of the OHC platform. The empirical results showed that perceived critical mass, social identity, and para-social interaction would strengthen continuance intention via the social interaction ties. In addition, this study found that the shared values and trust increase users' willingness to continue usage of OHC. This study provides OHC platform managers with an in-depth understanding of the "doctor-OHC-patient" online social interaction. The results of this study may also help hospitals, health policy makers, and related healthcare practitioners to improve the way they use the web for advocacy and guidance, and provide insight into the intent of promoting the ongoing use of OHC platforms.
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32
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Armstrong M, Aker N, Nair P, Walters K, Barrado‐Martin Y, Kupeli N, Sampson EL, Manthorpe J, West E, Davies N. Trust and inclusion during the Covid-19 pandemic: Perspectives from Black and South Asian people living with dementia and their carers in the UK. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2022; 37:10.1002/gps.5689. [PMID: 35137453 PMCID: PMC9015357 DOI: 10.1002/gps.5689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION People from ethnic minority backgrounds living with dementia are more likely to be diagnosed later and have less access to health and social care support than their White counterparts in the United Kingdom (UK). Covid-19 has exacerbated health inequalities and diminished trust from underserved communities in the government and health services. The wider aim of the study was to explore the impact of covid-19 on Black and South-Asian people living with dementia and their carers as well as exploring the experiences of dementia care. The present paper specifically explores their views on trust and mistrust using an ecological model. METHOD Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 11 family carers and four people living with dementia from South Asian or Black communities living in the community. Thematic analysis was used to analyse data. DESIGN An exploratory qualiative design was used. RESULTS Four main themes were developed exploring trust at the structural, organisational, community and individual level. At the structural level, participants discussed the inequity of Covid-19, some lack of trust in the UK Government and confusion in its messaging, and the anxiety sometimes leading to curtailment of media usage. At the organisational level, there was some evidence of a perceived lack of person-centred and culturally sensitive care from healthcare professionals, as well as concerns around care homes as places of safety. At the neighbourhood community level, participants discussed both a distrust as well as a strengthening of relationships and, at the individual level, factors such as knowledge of services, identity, and faith influenced their experience of the pandemic. CONCLUSIONS People living with dementia need support at all levels and this study highlights how the pandemic impacted each level. Ways to improve trust in the Government and health professionals alongside culturally adapted health messaging should be explored. Alongside this, an examination of how cultural values and norms may influence help-seeking responses to dementia and increase trust in services may be helpful post-pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Armstrong
- Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health, Institute of Epidemiology and Health CareUniversity College London (UCL)LondonUK
| | - Narin Aker
- Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health, Institute of Epidemiology and Health CareUniversity College London (UCL)LondonUK
| | - Pushpa Nair
- Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health, Institute of Epidemiology and Health CareUniversity College London (UCL)LondonUK
| | - Kate Walters
- Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health, Institute of Epidemiology and Health CareUniversity College London (UCL)LondonUK
| | - Yolanda Barrado‐Martin
- Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health, Institute of Epidemiology and Health CareUniversity College London (UCL)LondonUK
| | - Nuriye Kupeli
- Marie Curie Palliative Care Research Department, Division of PsychiatryUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Elizabeth L. Sampson
- Marie Curie Palliative Care Research Department, Division of PsychiatryUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | | | - Emily West
- Marie Curie Palliative Care Research Department, Division of PsychiatryUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Nathan Davies
- Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health, Institute of Epidemiology and Health CareUniversity College London (UCL)LondonUK,Marie Curie Palliative Care Research Department, Division of PsychiatryUniversity College LondonLondonUK
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33
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Abstract
This review covers the thematic series of 22 papers selected from among manuscripts published by BJPsych Open concerning coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and healthcare. We report nine papers that cover concepts and epidemiology relating to the public and patients. We review 11 papers about the impact of COVID-19 on healthcare services and their staff in 15 countries. Two papers consider the psychosocial impact on staff working in mental health services in the UK. Most papers report cross-sectional analyses of data collected from convenience samples by self-reported surveys conducted at single times. They have limitations of generalisability, do not enable conclusions about diagnosis or causality, and many are likely to have attendant bias and noise. BJPsych Open published these papers to meet requirements for early indications of the mental health impact of COVID-19 on the public and on healthcare staff. They claim high prevalence of symptoms of anxiety, depression and post-traumatic stress. We contrast these findings with selected reports of studies with different methodologies published elsewhere. We emphasise the need for longitudinal clinical studies with refined sampling and methodological rigour. We identify several longitudinal research programmes; two in this series. We advocate tuning advice offered about caring for the public and healthcare staff to the realities of their circumstances and their perceptions of need in the context of findings from further longitudinal studies. We draw attention to the importance of the social, relationship and environmental circumstances of the public and healthcare staff in order to understand their distress and their risks of developing mental health disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Williams
- Professor Emeritus of Mental Health Strategy, Welsh Institute for Health and Social Care, University of South Wales, UK; Presidential Lead for COVID-19, Emergency Preparedness and Mental Health to the Royal College of Psychiatrists, UK; and Director of the Psychosocial and Mental Health Programme for the Faculty of Pre-Hospital Care, Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Kenneth R Kaufman
- Professor of Psychiatry, Neurology and Anesthesiology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, USA; and Visiting Professor, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
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34
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Patrício Silva AL, Tubić A, Vujić M, Soares AMVM, Duarte AC, Barcelò D, Rocha-Santos T. Implications of COVID-19 pandemic on environmental compartments: Is plastic pollution a major issue? JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 5:100041. [PMID: 36743854 PMCID: PMC8702633 DOI: 10.1016/j.hazadv.2021.100041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 anthropause has impacted human activities and behaviour, resulting in substantial environmental and ecological changes. It has assisted in restoring the ecological systems by improving, for instance, air and water quality and decreasing the anthropogenic pressure on wildlife and natural environments. Notwithstanding, such improvements recessed back, even to a greater extent, when considering increased medical waste, hazardous disinfectants and other chemical compounds, and plastic waste disposal or mismanagement. This work critically reviews the short- and long-term implications of measures against COVID-19 spreading, namely on human activities and different environmental compartments. Furthermore, this paper highlights strategies towards environmental restoration, as the recovery of the lost environment during COVID-19 lockdown suggests that the environmental degradation caused by humans can be reversible. Thus, we can no longer delay concerted international actions to address biodiversity, sustainable development, and health emergencies to ensure environmental resilience and equitable recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana L Patrício Silva
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM) and Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Aleksandra Tubić
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, Novi Sad 21000, Serbia
| | - Maja Vujić
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, Novi Sad 21000, Serbia
| | - Amadeu M V M Soares
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM) and Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Armando C Duarte
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM) & Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Damià Barcelò
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA-CERCA), Scientific and Technological Park of the University of Girona, H2O Building, Emili Grahit 101, Girona 17003, Spain
- Water and Soil Quality Research Group, Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, Barcelona 08034, Spain
| | - Teresa Rocha-Santos
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM) & Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal
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Drury J, Stokoe E. The interactional production and breach of new norms in the time of COVID-19: Achieving physical distancing in public spaces. BRITISH JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2021; 61:971-990. [PMID: 34958691 DOI: 10.1111/bjso.12513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A key requirement of COVID-19 pandemic behavioural regulations in many countries was for people to 'physically distance' from one another, which meant departing radically from established norms of everyday human sociality. Previous research on new norms has been retrospective or prospective, focusing on reported levels of adherence to regulations or the intention to do so. In this paper, we take an observational approach to study the embodied and spoken interactional practices through which people produce or breach the new norm. The dataset comprises 20 'self-ethnographic' fieldnotes collected immediately following walks and runs in public spaces between March and September 2020, and these were analysed in the ethnomethodological tradition. We show that and how the new norm emerged through the mutual embodied and spoken conduct of strangers in public spaces. Orientations to the new norm were observed as people torqued their bodies away from each other in situations where there was insufficient space to create physical distance. We also describe how physical distance was produced unilaterally or was aggressively resisted by some people. Finally, we discuss the practical and policy implications of our observations both for deciding what counts as physical distancing and how to support the public to achieve it.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Drury
- School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, UK
| | - Elizabeth Stokoe
- Discourse and Rhetoric Group, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
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36
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Tanjitpiyanond P, Álvarez B, Jetten J, Bentley SV, Casara BGS, Crimston CR, Ionescu O, Jarukasemthawee S, Krug H, Selvanathan HP, Steffens NK, Wang Z, Wibisono S. Unlocking collective cooperation in the midst of COVID-19: The role of social support in predicting the social class disparity in cooperation. BRITISH JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2021; 61:940-951. [PMID: 34927256 DOI: 10.1111/bjso.12514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
We examined whether (the lack of) social support can explain why researchers have found lower rates of adherence to follow public health guidelines amongst people who perceived themselves as coming from lower social class backgrounds during the COVID-19 pandemic. To do this, we surveyed 5818 participants from 10 countries during the first wave of lock-down. Contrary to previous findings, social class was not related to general adherence to COVID-19 regulations or desire to engage in citizenship behaviours (e.g., showing initiatives to help others during the pandemic). However, we found evidence of an indirect effect whereby those who perceived themselves as higher social class were more likely to be both the recipient and provider of social support which in turn predicted greater adherence and desire to engage in citizenship behaviours during the earlier wave of the pandemic. Our findings highlight the importance of social support in unlocking potential for collective cooperation (i.e., adherence to COVID-19 rules and desire to engage in citizenship behaviours). They suggest that instead of enforcing strict regulations, government authorities need to address existing social support barriers within lower income communities to facilitate cooperation from everyone in the community.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Belén Álvarez
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jolanda Jetten
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sarah V Bentley
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Charlie R Crimston
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Octavia Ionescu
- Laboratoire Parisien de Psychologie Sociale, Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint Denis, Saint Denis, France
| | - Somboon Jarukasemthawee
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Faculty of Psychology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Henning Krug
- Faculty of Psychology, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | | | - Niklas K Steffens
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Zhechen Wang
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,School of Social Development and Public Policy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Susilo Wibisono
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Department of Psychology, Universitas Islam Indonesia, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
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37
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Tekin S, Sager M, Bushey A, Deng Y, Uluğ ÖM. How do people support each other in emergencies? A qualitative exploration of altruistic and prosocial behaviours during the COVID-19 pandemic. ANALYSES OF SOCIAL ISSUES AND PUBLIC POLICY : ASAP 2021; 21:1113-1140. [PMID: 34899076 PMCID: PMC8653327 DOI: 10.1111/asap.12277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The Ball State University Center for Peace and Conflict Studies in the United States has compiled altruistic stories from different countries such as India, Australia, the United States, and England since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. We examined those stories to understand (1) who receives the most support, (2) what type of support is provided, (3) who those supporters are, and (4) why people support each other during the pandemic. Conducting a qualitative content analysis of 104 altruistic stories, we first identified that (a) older individuals , (b) people with sensitive health conditions, and disabilities, (c) frontline workers, and (d) working class and marginalized communities received the primary support. Second, we identified three types of support: (a) material, (b) social/emotional, and (c) psychological. Third, we found that support was coming from (a) different organizations, (b) advantaged groups, and (c) volunteers. Last, (a) sharing a community/humanity identity, (b) allyship, and (c) showing gratitude were the reasons behind altruistic and prosocial behavior. Our findings contribute to the literature by providing some possible reasons and ways that allies have supported disadvantaged communities via sharing the available resources and how showing gratitude can be a reason for altruism and prosocial behavior in a pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yawen Deng
- Clark UniversityWorcesterMassachusettsUSA
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38
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Lin SY, Chung KKH. Risk Perception, Perception of Collective Efficacy and Sleep Quality in Chinese Adults during COVID-19 Pandemic in Hong Kong: A Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182111533. [PMID: 34770053 PMCID: PMC8583171 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182111533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background: Only a few studies have studied the link between risk perception and sleep in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of our study is to propose and test a theoretical model to understand the relationships between COVID-19 risk appraisals—risk perception and perception of collective coordinated defense (PCCD) in particular—and subjective sleep quality in Chinese adults in Hong Kong during the COVID-19 pandemic. COVID-19-related fear and rumination were examined as potential mediators of the relationships. Methods: Data were collected using a self-report online questionnaire from a convenience sample of 224 Chinese adults during the fourth wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Hong Kong. Results: Risk perception and PCCD were found to predict poor sleep quality. Mediation analysis showed that both fear and rumination mediated the relationship between risk perception and sleep quality, whereas only fear mediated the relationship between PCCD and sleep quality. The model was an excellent fit to the data and accounted for 44% of the variance in sleep quality in Chinese adults. This study indicated that both perception of high risks of contracting COVID-19 and anticipations of collective disease preventive efforts had adverse effects on subjective sleep quality via increasing COVID-19-related fear. Conclusions: These findings underscore the need for addressing sleep problems induced by psychological consequences of the pandemic. While policy makers often deliver public messaging campaigns that frame disease prevention as a collective goal, developing evidence-based coping strategies to combat COVID-19 adverse impacts on psychological health is equally important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiang-Yi Lin
- Department of Early Childhood Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, Hong Kong, China;
- Division of Social Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kevin Kien Hoa Chung
- Department of Early Childhood Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, Hong Kong, China;
- Centre for Child and Family Science, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, Hong Kong, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +852-29487760
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39
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Jiang L, Huang Y, Cheng H, Zhang T, Huang L. Emergency Response and Risk Communication Effects of Local Media during COVID-19 Pandemic in China: A Study Based on a Social Media Network. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:10942. [PMID: 34682685 PMCID: PMC8535417 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182010942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
As the country where the COVID-19 was first reported and initially broke out, China has controlled the spread of the pandemic well. The pandemic prevention process included emergency response and risk communication, both of which could notably increase public participation, people's anxiety has been alleviated, their confidence in the government has been enhanced, and the implementation of prevention and control measures has been understood. This study selected 157,283 articles published by 447 accounts across 326 cities in February 2020 from WeChat, the largest social media application in China, to systematically compare the spatial distributions in the effectiveness of emergency responses and risk communication. The results showed that there were significant regional differences in the effectiveness of emergency response and risk communication during the pandemic period in China. The effectiveness of emergency response and risk communication are related to the exposure risk to the COVID-19, the level of economy, culture, and education of the region, the type of accounts and articles, and the ranking of the articles in posts. The timeliness and distribution types of articles should take into account the psychological changes in communication recipients to avoid the dissemination of homogenized information to the masses and the resulting information receiving fatigue period.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Lei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; (L.J.); (Y.H.); (H.C.); (T.Z.)
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40
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Carter H, Weston D, Greenberg N, Oliver I, Robin C, Rubin GJ, Wessely S, Gauntlett L, Amlot R. Experiences of supported isolation in returning travellers during the early COVID-19 response: a qualitative interview study. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e050405. [PMID: 34301664 PMCID: PMC8313304 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-050405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES (1) To understand the experiences and perceptions of those who underwent supported isolation, particularly in relation to factors that were associated with improved compliance and well-being; (2) to inform recommendations for the management of similar supported isolation procedures. DESIGN We carried out a qualitative study using semistructured interviews to capture participants' experiences and perceptions of supported isolation. Data were analysed using the framework approach, a type of thematic analysis that is commonly used in research that has implications for policy. SETTING Telephone interviews carried out within approximately 1 month of an individual leaving supported isolation. PARTICIPANTS 26 people who underwent supported isolation at either Arrowe Park Hospital (n=18) or Kents Hill Park Conference Centre (n=8) after being repatriated from Wuhan in January to February 2020. RESULTS Six key themes were identified: factors affecting compliance with supported isolation; risk perceptions around catching COVID-19; management of supported isolation; communication with those outside supported isolation; relationship with others in supported isolation; and feelings on leaving supported isolation. Participants were willing to undergo supported isolation because they understood that it would protect themselves and others. Positive treatment by staff was fundamental to participants' willingness to comply with isolation procedures. Despite the high level of compliance, participants expressed some uncertainty about what the process would involve. CONCLUSIONS As hotel quarantine is introduced across the UK for international arrivals, our findings suggest that those in charge should: communicate effectively before, during and after quarantine, emphasising why quarantine is important and how it will protect others; avoid coercion if possible and focus on supporting and promoting voluntary compliance; facilitate shared social experiences for those in quarantine; and ensure all necessary supplies are provided. Doing so is likely to increase adherence and reduce any negative effects on well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly Carter
- Behavioural Science and Insights Unit, Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury, UK
| | - Dale Weston
- Behavioural Science and Insights Unit, Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury, UK
| | - Neil Greenberg
- Department of Psychological Medicine, King's College London, Weston Education Centre, London, UK
| | - Isabel Oliver
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Bristol, UK
| | - Charlotte Robin
- Behavioural Science and Insights Unit, Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury, UK
| | - G James Rubin
- Department of Psychological Medicine, King's College London, Weston Education Centre, London, UK
| | - Simon Wessely
- Department of Psychological Medicine, King's College London, Weston Education Centre, London, UK
| | - Louis Gauntlett
- Behavioural Science and Insights Unit, Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury, UK
| | - Richard Amlot
- Behavioural Science and Insights Unit, Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury, UK
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41
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Drury J, Rogers MB, Marteau TM, Yardley L, Reicher S, Stott C. Re-opening live events and large venues after Covid-19 'lockdown': Behavioural risks and their mitigations. SAFETY SCIENCE 2021; 139:105243. [PMID: 34720424 PMCID: PMC8545776 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssci.2021.105243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
This article reviews the behavioural risks and possible mitigations for re-opening large venues for sports and music events when Covid-19 infection rates and hospitalizations begin to decline. We describe the key variables that we suggest will affect public behaviour relevant to the spread of the virus, drawing upon four sources: (1) relevant evidence and recommendations from the Scientific Pandemic Influenza Group on Behaviours produced for the Scientific Advisory Group for Emergencies (SAGE); (2) research evidence from non-pandemic conditions; (3) research on behaviour during the pandemic; and (4) relevant theory. We first outline some basic risks and a framework for understanding collective behaviour at live events. We then survey some trends in UK public behaviour observed over 2020 and how these might interact with the opening of live events and venues. We present a range of mitigation strategies, based on the framework for collective behaviour and on what is known about non-pharmaceutical (i.e. behavioural) interventions in relation to Covid-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Drury
- School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QH, UK
| | - M Brooke Rogers
- Department of War Studies, King's College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Theresa M Marteau
- Behaviour and Health Research Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SR, UK
| | - Lucy Yardley
- School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TU, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Stephen Reicher
- School of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9JP, UK
| | - Clifford Stott
- School of Psychology, Keele University, Keele ST5 5BG, UK
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42
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Hanson K, O'Dwyer E, Chaudhuri S, Silva Souza LG, Vandrevala T. Mitigating the identity and health threat of COVID-19: Perspectives of middle-class South Asians living in the UK. J Health Psychol 2021; 27:2147-2160. [PMID: 34154436 PMCID: PMC9353968 DOI: 10.1177/13591053211027626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The recognition and representation of BAME community as 'high risk' of Covid-19 in the UK presents both a health and an identity threat to this ethnic group. This study employed thematic analysis to explore response to these threats as related by a sample of 13 middle class members of the South Asian community. This work advances both health and identity psychological theory by recognising the affinity between expressions of health efficacy and identity. Our findings identify South Asian intragroup stigmatisation and commonalities that have implications for the promotion of health behaviour and health communications for minority groups.
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43
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Zagefka H. Prosociality during COVID-19: Globally focussed solidarity brings greater benefits than nationally focussed solidarity. JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY & APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2021; 32:73-86. [PMID: 34518751 PMCID: PMC8426876 DOI: 10.1002/casp.2553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Many charities are appealing for donations to address problems caused by the COVID-19 crisis. Two survey studies (total N = 500) tested predictors of donation intentions of British participants to help those suffering from the crisis in Britain (ingroup donations) and overseas (outgroup donations). Perceptions of international, global common fate in our success in managing and overcoming the crisis was positively associated with prosocial intentions towards both national ingroup and outgroup targets. In contrast, a desire to 'close ranks' within the national ingroup in the face of the pandemic threat was associated with more prosocial intentions towards national ingroup targets only, but it was associated with fewer prosocial intentions towards outgroup targets. This suggests that a focus on global solidarity (in the form of global common fate and identification with all humans) has positive effects on helping both within and across group boundaries, whereas a focus on national solidarity (in the form of 'closing ranks' in the face of the pandemic threat) has positive effects on helping within the national group but negative effects on prosocial tendencies towards outgroup members. The effect of perceived global common fate on both ingroup and outgroup helping was mediated by identification with all of humanity. Findings are discussed in terms of practical implications for managing the COVID-19 crisis. Please refer to the Supplementary Material section to find this article's Community and Social Impact Statement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Zagefka
- Department of Psychology Royal Holloway, University of London Egham UK
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44
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Wakefield JRH, Khauser A. Doing it for us: Community identification predicts willingness to receive a COVID-19 vaccination via perceived sense of duty to the community. JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY & APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2021; 31:603-614. [PMID: 34220178 PMCID: PMC8239513 DOI: 10.1002/casp.2542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The COVID‐19 pandemic has presented huge challenges for communities across the world. Vaccines offer the best hope for controlling its deleterious effects, but not everybody is willing to be vaccinated, so it is important to explore variables that might predict vaccination willingness. The present study addressed this by drawing upon the Social Identity Approach, which posits that people's membership of social groups is consequential for their thoughts and behaviour. Specifically, it was predicted that people's strength of identification with their local community (a social group that came to particular prominence during the pandemic) would positively predict their willingness to engage in community‐related prosocial normative behaviour (i.e., their perceived sense of duty, as a community member, to get vaccinated) and that this, in turn, would predict higher levels of vaccination willingness. Participants (N = 130) completed an online survey, which supported the hypothesized mediation model, even after controlling for subjective neighbourhood socio‐economic status and age (two variables that are particularly likely to impact upon vaccination willingness). To our knowledge, this is the first study to apply Social Identity Approach principles to the study of COVID‐19 vaccination willingness. The implications of the findings for governments' efforts to boost vaccine uptake are discussed. Please refer to the Supplementary Material section to find this article's Community and Social Impact Statement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amreen Khauser
- Department of PsychologyNottingham Trent UniversityNottinghamUK
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45
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Factors Influencing the Adoption of COVID-19 Preventive Behaviors in Chile. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13105331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic forced people worldwide to implement a series of preventive hygiene and distancing measures that have significantly altered their way of life. This study examined an adapted version of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) on adopting preventive behavior against COVID-19. Data was collected using a web survey completed by 1004 college students a few weeks after the first wave of infections in Chile. Our findings show that the subjective norm was the strongest predictor of adopting preventive behaviors, followed by the knowledge level and perceived behavioral control. Contrary to expectations, we found no evidence that an attitude towards preventive action predicted actual adoption of preventive behavior against COVID-19. However, knowledge and social norms play a significant role. We discuss implications for effective risk communication.
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46
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Mermillod M, Morisseau T. Protect Others to Protect Myself: A Weakness of Western Countries in the Face of Current and Future Pandemics? Psychological and Neuroscientific Perspectives. Front Integr Neurosci 2021; 15:608151. [PMID: 33967710 PMCID: PMC8100433 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2021.608151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has generated a large number of publications in the medical and biological fields concerning the virus and its treatments, as well as in psychology, social sciences, and data sciences with regard to the spread of the virus. Surprisingly, far fewer neuroscientific articles have been published in this field of research and one might well ask whether the cognitive neurosciences have anything to say at all about this vital topic. In this article, we highlight a research perspective relating to differences in the individual perception of the pandemic in Western compared to Eastern countries. Although this problem is complex, multifaceted and subsumes many other social variables, we suggest that the cognitive neurosciences do have important and fundamental insights to contribute concerning the collective response observed within these populations. More precisely, we propose the hypothesis that differences in the propensity to adopt a holistic perception of contamination processes at the group level, involving brain structures that are also associated with perspective-taking and empathy such as, in particular, the medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) and the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), could help explain the differences in the perception of the pandemic observed between Western and Eastern countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martial Mermillod
- LPNC, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Grenoble, France
| | - Tiffany Morisseau
- Université de Paris, Laboratoire de Psychologie et d'Ergonomie Appliquées, Boulogne-Billancourt, France.,Laboratoire de Psychologie et d'Ergonomie Appliquées, Univ. Gustave Eiffel, Versailles, France.,Strane Innovation, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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47
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Appelbom S, Bujacz A, Finnes A, Ahlbeck K, Bromberg F, Holmberg J, Larsson L, Olgren B, Wanecek M, Wetterborg D, Wicksell R. The Rapid Implementation of a Psychological Support Model for Frontline Healthcare Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Case Study and Process Evaluation. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:713251. [PMID: 34539465 PMCID: PMC8446385 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.713251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the need for psychological support initiatives directed toward frontline healthcare workers, which can be rapidly and sustainably implemented during an infectious disease outbreak. The current case study presents a comprehensive model of psychological support that was implemented at an intensive care unit (ICU) during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. The psychological support model aimed at promoting a resilient stress reaction among frontline staff by protecting physical, social, and psychological resources. The initiatives, targeting different groups of workers, included education and training, peer support, psychologist-supervised and unsupervised group sessions, on-boarding for transferred staff, manager support, and individual sessions for workers experiencing strong stress reactions. The results of the process evaluation of this rapid implementation suggest that peer support initiatives as well as daily group sessions were the most appreciated forms of psychological support. Psychologists involved in organizing and providing the support highlighted several aspects of a successful implementation of the support model: offering support during work hours (preferably after shift), positive attitude of line managers that framed support initiatives as a team effort, and involvement of experienced psychologists able to quickly adjust the content of the support according to the current needs. The study also identified two main problems of the current implementation: the lack of efficient planning due to the use of volunteer work and the need for more structural resources on the organizational level to ensure long-term sustainability of the support model and its implementation among all groups of healthcare staff. The current case study highlights the importance of establishing permanent structural resources and routines for psychological support integrated in clinical practice by healthcare organizations to improve both rapid and sustainable response to future crises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Appelbom
- Department of Learning, Informatics, Management and Ethics, Health Informatics Centre, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Aleksandra Bujacz
- Department of Learning, Informatics, Management and Ethics, Health Informatics Centre, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Finnes
- Division of Psychology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Filip Bromberg
- Pain Clinic, Capio S:t Görans Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Holmberg
- Division of Psychology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Liv Larsson
- Pain Clinic, Capio S:t Görans Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Michael Wanecek
- Pain Clinic, Capio S:t Görans Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dan Wetterborg
- Division of Psychology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rikard Wicksell
- Division of Psychology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Pain Clinic, Capio S:t Görans Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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48
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Rajkumar RP. A Biopsychosocial Approach to Understanding Panic Buying: Integrating Neurobiological, Attachment-Based, and Social-Anthropological Perspectives. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:652353. [PMID: 33716838 PMCID: PMC7943846 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.652353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The global COVID-19 pandemic has focused the attention of researchers, civil authority and the general public on the phenomenon of "panic buying," characterized by the excessive purchase of specific materials-particularly food and hygiene-related products-in anticipation of an expected shortage. This phenomenon has been well-documented in response to several natural and man-made disasters, but its global scope and severity in the context of COVID-19 are unprecedented. This response can negatively impact health, food security, and disease prevention efforts. Attempts to modify such behaviors are more likely to succeed if they are based on insights from both the biomedical and the social sciences. From a biological perspective, the phenomenological overlap between panic buying and psychological disorders such as hoarding disorder and compulsive buying raises the possibility of a shared neurobiological underpinning. Evolutionary models suggest that these behaviors represent an attempt to enhance individual and group survival in the face of a threatened scarcity of resources. These phenomena may be influenced by specific genetic variants which are also implicated in hoarding-related psychological disorders. From a psychological perspective, attachment theory provides a conceptual framework that serves as a bridge between prior life adversity, current deprivation, and an increased attachment to material objects. Such a framework is of relevance when considering panic buying during the COVID-19 pandemic, which has been associated with significant disruptions in attachment bonds. From a social-anthropological perspective, hoarding and related behaviors have been associated with social exclusion and rejection, as well a lack of social support. These risk factors have affected large sections of the general population in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and the governmental responses to it. This perspective also emphasizes the symbolic significance of the hoarded objects themselves. In this paper, an attempt is made to integrate these three perspectives and thereby formulate a biopsychosocial model of panic buying in response to this global health crisis. The existing scientific literature on panic buying is examined in the light of this model. Finally, suggestions are proposed as to how this model might inform social strategies aimed at preventing or reducing panic buying.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Philip Rajkumar
- Department of Psychiatry, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Pondicherry, India
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