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Flensborg-Madsen T, Mortensen EL, Dammeyer J, Wimmelmann CL. Early Motor Developmental Milestones and Personality Traits in Midlife: A 50-Year Follow-Up Study. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:children10040718. [PMID: 37189967 DOI: 10.3390/children10040718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Background The purpose of this study was to investigate if infants' age at attaining motor developmental milestones is associated with the big five personality traits 50 years later. Methods Mothers of 8395 infants from the Copenhagen Perinatal Cohort recorded a total of 12 motor developmental milestones during the first year of their infant's life. Information on at least one milestone was available for 1307 singletons with adult follow-up scores on the NEO-Five-Factor Inventory. The mean age at personality testing was 50.1 years. Results Slower attainment of motor milestones was associated with increased neuroticism and lower conscientiousness in midlife. All 12 motor developmental milestones explained a total of 2.4% of the variance in neuroticism, while they explained 3.2% of the variance in conscientiousness. These results remained significant after adjustment for the included family and perinatal covariates, as well as adult intelligence. Discussion The personality trait of neuroticism is a general risk factor for psychopathology and has in young adulthood been found to be associated with early motor development. However, evidence on associations of motor developmental milestones with other personality traits has been non-existent. These findings suggest that delays in early motor development may not only characterise individuals with later psychopathology, including schizophrenia, but may also be associated with personality traits such as neuroticism and conscientiousness through the life course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trine Flensborg-Madsen
- Unit of Medical Psychology, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, 1353 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Erik Lykke Mortensen
- Unit of Medical Psychology, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, 1353 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jesper Dammeyer
- Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, 1353 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Cathrine Lawaetz Wimmelmann
- Unit of Medical Psychology, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, 1353 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
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Upadhyaya S, Sourander A, Luntamo T, Matinolli HM, Chudal R, Hinkka-Yli-Salomäki S, Filatova S, Cheslack-Postava K, Sucksdorff M, Gissler M, Brown AS, Lehtonen L. Preterm Birth Is Associated With Depression From Childhood to Early Adulthood. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2021; 60:1127-1136. [PMID: 33068750 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2020.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There have been inconsistent findings on the associations among prematurity, poor fetal growth, and depression. We examined the associations among gestational age, poor fetal growth, and depression in individuals aged 5 to 25 years. METHOD We identified 37,682 case subjects based on International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision code 2961 and International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision codes F32.0-F32.9 and F33.0-F33.9 from the Care Register for Health Care, and 148,795 matched controls from the Finnish Central Population Register. Conditional logistic regression examined the associations between gestational age by each gestational week, poor fetal growth, and depression. The associations were adjusted for parental age and psychopathology, paternal immigrant status, maternal substance abuse, depression, number of previous births, marital status, socio-economic status, smoking during pregnancy, and the infant's birthplace. RESULTS In the adjusted models, increased risk of depression was found in children born ≤25 weeks (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.89, 95% CI 1.08-3.31), at 26 weeks (aOR 2.62, 95% CI 1.49-4.61), at 27 weeks (aOR 1.93, 95% CI 1.05-3.53), and ≥42 weeks (aOR 1.11, 95% CI 1.05-1.19). In girls, extremely preterm birth was associated with depression diagnosed at 5 to 12 years (aOR 2.70, 95% CI 1.83-3.98) and 13 to 18 years (aOR 2.97, 95% CI 1.84-4.78). In boys, postterm birth (≥42 weeks) was associated with depression diagnosed at 19 to 25 years (aOR 1.28, 95% CI 1.07-1.54). Poor fetal growth was associated with an increased risk of depression in full-term infants (aOR 1.06, 95% CI 1.03-1.10) and postterm infants (aOR 1.24, 95% CI 1.08-1.43). CONCLUSION Preterm birth before 28 weeks of gestation appeared to play a role in the development of childhood depression. Smaller effects were also seen in postterm births, especially in boys.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andre Sourander
- University of Turku, Finland; Turku University Hospital, Finland; Columbia University, New York.
| | | | - Hanna-Maria Matinolli
- University of Turku, Finland; Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Mika Gissler
- University of Turku, Finland; Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland; Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Liisa Lehtonen
- University of Turku, Finland; Turku University Hospital, Finland
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McLemore MR, Berkowitz RL, Oltman SP, Baer RJ, Franck L, Fuchs J, Karasek DA, Kuppermann M, McKenzie-Sampson S, Melbourne D, Taylor B, Williams S, Rand L, Chambers BD, Scott K, Jelliffe-Pawlowski LL. Risk and Protective Factors for Preterm Birth Among Black Women in Oakland, California. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2020; 8:1273-1280. [PMID: 33034878 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-020-00889-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This project examines risk and protective factors for preterm birth (PTB) among Black women in Oakland, California. Women with singleton births in 2011-2017 (n = 6199) were included. Risk and protective factors for PTB and independent risk groups were identified using logistic regression and recursive partitioning. Having less than 3 prenatal care visits was associated with highest PTB risk. Hypertension (preexisting, gestational), previous PTB, and unknown Women, Infant, Children (WIC) program participation were associated with a two-fold increased risk for PTB. Maternal birth outside of the USA and participation in WIC were protective. Broad differences in rates, risks, and protective factors for PTB were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica R McLemore
- Department of Family Health Care Nursing, UCSF School of Nursing, 2 Koret Way, N431H, San Francisco, CA, 94134, USA.
| | - Rachel L Berkowitz
- School of Public Health, UC Berkeley, 2121 Berkeley Way, #5302, Berkeley, CA, 94704, USA
| | - Scott P Oltman
- California Preterm Birth Initiative, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Rebecca J Baer
- California Preterm Birth Initiative, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, UCSD, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Linda Franck
- Department of Family Health Care Nursing, UCSF School of Nursing, 2 Koret Way, N431H, San Francisco, CA, 94134, USA
| | - Jonathan Fuchs
- California Preterm Birth Initiative, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA
- San Francisco Department of Public Health, 101 Grove Street, San Francisco, 94102, USA
| | - Deborah A Karasek
- California Preterm Birth Initiative, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, UCSF School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Miriam Kuppermann
- California Preterm Birth Initiative, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, UCSF School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Safyer McKenzie-Sampson
- California Preterm Birth Initiative, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, UCSF School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Daphina Melbourne
- California Preterm Birth Initiative, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA
- San Francisco Department of Public Health, 101 Grove Street, San Francisco, 94102, USA
| | - Briane Taylor
- California Preterm Birth Initiative, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA
- San Francisco Department of Public Health, 101 Grove Street, San Francisco, 94102, USA
| | - Shanell Williams
- California Preterm Birth Initiative, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA
- San Francisco Department of Public Health, 101 Grove Street, San Francisco, 94102, USA
| | - Larry Rand
- California Preterm Birth Initiative, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA
- San Francisco Department of Public Health, 101 Grove Street, San Francisco, 94102, USA
| | - Brittany D Chambers
- California Preterm Birth Initiative, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA
- San Francisco Department of Public Health, 101 Grove Street, San Francisco, 94102, USA
| | - Karen Scott
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, UCSF School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Laura L Jelliffe-Pawlowski
- California Preterm Birth Initiative, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, UCSF School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Nicoloro-SantaBarbara J, Rosenthal L, Auerbach MV, Kocis C, Busso C, Lobel M. Patient-provider communication, maternal anxiety, and self-care in pregnancy. Soc Sci Med 2017; 190:133-140. [PMID: 28863336 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2017.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Favorable relationships with health care providers predict greater patient satisfaction and adherence to provider recommendations. However, the specific components of patient-provider relationships that account for these benefits have not been identified. The potential benefits of strong patient-provider relationships in pregnancy may be especially important, as care providers have frequent, intimate interactions with pregnant women that can affect their emotions and behaviors. In turn, prenatal emotions and health behaviors have potent effects on birth outcomes. OBJECTIVE This study investigated whether pregnant women's relationships with their midwives predicted better self-care. Specific components of the patient-provider relationship (communication, integration, collaboration, and empowerment) were examined. We also investigated a mechanism through which these relationship components may be associated with salutary health behaviors: by alleviating women's anxiety. METHODS In total, 139 low-risk patients of a university-affiliated midwifery practice in the northeastern United States completed well-validated measures assessing their relationship with midwives, state anxiety, and prenatal health behaviors in late pregnancy; state anxiety was also assessed in mid-pregnancy. RESULTS Women's perceptions of better communication, collaboration, and empowerment from their midwives were associated with more frequent salutary health behavior practices in late pregnancy. Controlling for mid-pregnancy anxiety, lower anxiety in late pregnancy mediated associations of communication and collaboration with health behavior practices, indicating that these associations were attributable to reductions in anxiety from mid- to late pregnancy. CONCLUSION Results substantiate that benefits of patient-provider relationships in pregnancy may extend beyond providing medical expertise. Some aspects of patient-provider relationships may offer direct benefits to pregnant women in promoting better health practices; other aspects of these relationships may indirectly contribute to better health practices by alleviating negative emotions. The benefits of strong midwife relationships may derive from the reassurance, comfort, and warmth these relationships offer, as well as the information and education that midwives provide to their patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lisa Rosenthal
- Department of Psychology, Pace University, New York, USA
| | | | - Christina Kocis
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Cheyanne Busso
- Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Marci Lobel
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
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Kaitz M, Mankuta D, Rokem AM, Faraone SV. Gestational age within normal range and infants' health and temperament at 3-months of age. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol 2017; 38:111-120. [PMID: 28075190 DOI: 10.1080/0167482x.2016.1271978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the association between gestational age (GA) at birth across the normal GA spectrum (37-41 weeks) and the temperament and health of 3-month old infants. METHODS The sample comprised 242 "low-risk" mothers and infants without chronic illnesses or severe pregnancy complications. Infant temperament was defined by three constructs: Negative Affectivity (NA), Extraversion, and Regulation, assessed by parents' reports on the Infant Behavior Questionnaire. Infants' health was defined as the number of nonroutine doctors' visits attended by the infants since their release from the hospital after birth. Analyses employed a continuous measure of GA to assess outcomes across GAs and a categorical measure (37, 38, 39-41 weeks GA) to examine contrasts. RESULTS Extraversion was positively related to GA primarily due to the lower scores of infants born at 37 weeks compared to infants born at 39-41 weeks GA. NA showed a similar effect. The odds of infants born at 37 weeks attending a nonroutine medical visit were 2.8 times that of infants born full-term. DISCUSSION Infants born at 37 weeks GA express less affect and use more nonroutine medical services than do infants born at 39-41 weeks GA. The findings underscore the importance of considering the risks of pregnancy prolongation with the developmental risk associated with early-term delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marsha Kaitz
- a Department of Psychology , Hebrew University , Jerusalem , Israel
| | - David Mankuta
- b Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital , Jerusalem , Israel
| | - Ann Marie Rokem
- a Department of Psychology , Hebrew University , Jerusalem , Israel
| | - Stephen V Faraone
- c Department of Psychiatry , State University of New York Upstate Medical University , Syracuse , NY , USA.,d Department of Neuroscience and Physiology , State University of New York Upstate Medical University , Syracuse , NY , USA.,e The K.G. Jebsen Centre for Research on Neuropsychiatric Disorders, University of Bergen , Bergen , Norway
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Martínez-Idárraga A, Riveros-Barrera I, Sánchez R, Jaramillo LE, Calvo-Gómez JM, Yunis-Londoño JJ. [Characterisation of three polymorphisms of the tryptophan hydroxylase 2 gene in a sample of Colombian population with major depressive disorder]. REVISTA COLOMBIANA DE PSIQUIATRIA 2017; 46:22-30. [PMID: 28193370 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcp.2016.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Revised: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Identify whether rs11179000, rs136494 and rs4570625 polymorphisms of the tryptophan hydroxylase 2 gene, are associated with a major depressive disorder in a sample of the Colombian population. METHODS Case-control study was conducted in which a comparison was made between subjects diagnosed with major depressive disorder at some point in adulthood or active symptoms at the time of evaluation, and subjects with no psychiatric disease. Subjects were studied in the Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and the Institute of Genetics at the National University of Colombia. Polymorphisms were genotyped using Taqman probes in real time PCR. As well as studying the association between major depressive disorder and these (single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), the association with other factors previously associated with depression were also analysed. RESULTS No statistically significant association between genotypic and allelic frequencies of each polymorphism and major depressive disorder was found. Association between sex and complication during pregnancy / childbirth and major depressive disorder was observed. Association between sex and complication during pregnancy / childbirth and major depressive disorder was observed. CONCLUSIONS There was no association between any polymorphism and major depressive disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Martínez-Idárraga
- Departamento de Psiquiatría, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Irene Riveros-Barrera
- Grupo de Patología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia; Instituto de Genética, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Ricardo Sánchez
- Departamento de Psiquiatría, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Luis Eduardo Jaramillo
- Departamento de Psiquiatría, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - José Manuel Calvo-Gómez
- Departamento de Psiquiatría, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia.
| | - Juan José Yunis-Londoño
- Grupo de Patología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia; Instituto de Genética, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
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Associations Between Self-Reported and Objectively Recorded Early Life Stress, FKBP5 Polymorphisms, and Depressive Symptoms in Midlife. Biol Psychiatry 2016; 80:869-877. [PMID: 26740367 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2015.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Revised: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND FK506-binding protein 51 is involved in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis regulation. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the FKBP5 gene have been shown to interact with retrospectively self-reported early life stress (ELS) in patients with psychiatric disorders. We examined interactions between three selected FKBP5 SNPs and self-reported and objectively recorded ELS in relation to depressive symptoms in midlife. METHODS This study comprised 1431 Helsinki Birth Cohort Study participants genotyped for FKBP5 SNPs shown to alter cortisol metabolism (rs1360780, rs9470080, and rs9394309). Participants completed the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) at ages 61.5 years (time 1) and 63.4 years (time 2); 165 and 181 participants were separated from their parents in childhood as a result of evacuations during World War II as indicated by self-reports and the Finnish National Archives registry, respectively. RESULTS Associations between self-reported and objectively recorded ELS, but not stressful events in midlife, and the mean BDI score (average of time 1 and time 2) or mild to severe BDI scores (10-63 points at time 1 and time 2), or both, were moderated by the FKBP5 variants (p values for interactions < .05; p values between self-reported and objectively recorded ELS in these interactions > .18). Mean BDI scores or odds for having mild to severe BDI scores, or both, increased according to number of minor alleles and haplotypes derived from these alleles in the separated groups, but not in the nonseparated groups. CONCLUSIONS FKBP5 variations in combination with self-reported and objectively recorded ELS predict more pronounced depressive symptoms in midlife. Our findings confirm previous retrospective findings in a prospective epidemiologic study setting.
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Buoli M, Bertino V, Caldiroli A, Dobrea C, Serati M, Ciappolino V, Altamura AC. Are obstetrical complications really involved in the etiology and course of schizophrenia and mood disorders? Psychiatry Res 2016; 241:297-301. [PMID: 27232550 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2016.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The impact of stressful experiences during gestation or early life, leading to increased psychiatric disorders susceptibility, is currently well described in literature, however, few data are available on the association between obstetrical complications and later development of specific diagnoses or clinical features (e.g. psychotic symptoms). Aim of the present paper was to evaluate obstetrical complications frequency in different psychiatric diagnoses and their association with clinical features. Three hundred and eighty-eight patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder or major depressive disorder were compared in terms of clinical presentation according to the presence, type and severity of obstetrical complications. Seventeen percent of the total sample (N=65) had history of at least one obstetrical complication. Patients with a history of at least one obstetrical complication result in an earlier age of onset (F=3.93, p=0.04) and a current higher GAF score (F=6.46, p=0.01). Lewis-Murray scale score was directly correlated with GAF scores (t=2.9, p=0.004) and inversely correlated with age at onset (t=-2.77, p=0.006). Obstetrical complications are frequently registered in patients with schizophrenia or mood disorders. In our sample, they appear to have an anticipatory effect on illness onset, but they seem not to be associated with a specific psychiatric diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Buoli
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Milan, Fondazione IRCCS Ca'Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via F. Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Bertino
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Milan, Fondazione IRCCS Ca'Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via F. Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Alice Caldiroli
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Milan, Fondazione IRCCS Ca'Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via F. Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Dobrea
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Milan, Fondazione IRCCS Ca'Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via F. Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Serati
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Milan, Fondazione IRCCS Ca'Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via F. Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Ciappolino
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Milan, Fondazione IRCCS Ca'Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via F. Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - A Carlo Altamura
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Milan, Fondazione IRCCS Ca'Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via F. Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy
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Merchant J. The image schema and innate archetypes: theoretical and clinical implications. THE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL PSYCHOLOGY 2016; 61:63-78. [DOI: 10.1111/1468-5922.12194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Eriksson JG, Osmond C, Perälä MM, Salonen MK, Simonen M, Pohjolainen P, Kajantie E, Rantanen T, von Bonsdorff MB. Prenatal and childhood growth and physical performance in old age--findings from the Helsinki Birth Cohort Study 1934-1944. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2015; 37:108. [PMID: 26499818 PMCID: PMC5005845 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-015-9846-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Health in adulthood is in part a consequence of development and growth taking place during sensitive periods in early life. It has not been explored previously whether early growth is associated with physical performance in old age from a life course perspective taking into account health-related behavior, biological risk factors, and early life experiences. At a mean age of 71 years, physical performance was assessed using the Senior Fitness Test (SFT) in 1078 individuals belonging to the Helsinki Birth Cohort Study. We used multiple linear regression analysis to assess the association between the SFT physical fitness scores and individual life course measurements. Several adult characteristics were associated with physical performance including socioeconomic status, lifestyle factors, and adult anthropometry. Higher birth weight and length were associated with better physical performance, even after adjusting for potential confounders (all p values <0.05). The strongest individual association between life course measurements and physical performance in old age was found for adult body fat percentage. However, prenatal growth was independently associated with physical performance seven decades later. These findings suggest that physical performance in old age is at least partly programmed in early life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan G Eriksson
- Chronic Disease Prevention Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland.
- Department of General Practice and Primary Health, Care and Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 20, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Clive Osmond
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Mia-Maria Perälä
- Chronic Disease Prevention Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Minna K Salonen
- Chronic Disease Prevention Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mika Simonen
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Social Research, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Eero Kajantie
- Chronic Disease Prevention Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MRC Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Taina Rantanen
- Gerontology Research Center and Department of Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Mikaela B von Bonsdorff
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Gerontology Research Center and Department of Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
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Merchant J. Foetal trauma, body memory and early infant communication: a case illustration. THE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL PSYCHOLOGY 2015; 60:601-17. [DOI: 10.1111/1468-5922.12175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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12
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von Bondorff MB, Törmäkangas T, Salonen M, von Bonsdorff ME, Osmond C, Kajantie E, Eriksson JG. Early life origins of all-cause and cause-specific disability pension: findings from the Helsinki Birth Cohort Study. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122134. [PMID: 25849578 PMCID: PMC4388659 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is some evidence linking sub-optimal prenatal development to an increased risk of disability pension (DP). Our aim was to investigate whether body size at birth was associated with transitioning into all-cause and cause-specific DP during the adult work career. Methods 10 682 people born in 1934–44 belonging to the Helsinki Birth Cohort Study had data on birth weight extracted from birth records, and on time, type and reason of retirement between 1971 and 2011 extracted from the Finnish Centre for Pensions. Results Altogether 21.3% transitioned into DP during the 40-year follow-up, mainly due to mental disorders, musculoskeletal disorders and cardiovascular disease. Average age of transitioning into DP was 51.3 (SD 8.4) for men and 52.2 (SD 7.6) for women. Cohort members who did not transition into DP retired 10 years later on average. Among men, higher birth weight was associated with a lower hazard of transitioning into DP, adjusted hazard ratio (HR) being 0.94 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.88–0.99 for 1 SD increase in birth weight). For DP due to mental disorders the adjusted HR was 0.90, 95% CI 0.81, 0.99. A similar but non-significant trend was found for DP due to cardiovascular disease. Among women there were no associations between body size at birth and all-cause DP (p for interaction gender*birth weight on DP p = 0.007). Conclusions Among men disability pension, particularly due to mental disorders, may have its origins in prenatal development. Given that those who retire due to mental health problems are relatively young, the loss to the workforce is substantial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikaela B. von Bondorff
- Gerontology Research Center and Department of Health Sciences, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyväskylä, Finland
- * E-mail:
| | - Timo Törmäkangas
- Gerontology Research Center and Department of Health Sciences, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Minna Salonen
- Division of Welfare and Health Promotion, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, Diabetes Prevention Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Centre, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Monika E. von Bonsdorff
- Gerontology Research Center and Department of Health Sciences, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Clive Osmond
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Eero Kajantie
- Division of Welfare and Health Promotion, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, Diabetes Prevention Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Johan G. Eriksson
- Division of Welfare and Health Promotion, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, Diabetes Prevention Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Centre, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Unit of General Practice, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Vasa Central Hospital, Vasa, Finland
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13
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Loret de Mola C, de França GVA, Quevedo LDA, Horta BL. Low birth weight, preterm birth and small for gestational age association with adult depression: systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Psychiatry 2014; 205:340-7. [PMID: 25368358 DOI: 10.1192/bjp.bp.113.139014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is no consensus on the effects that low birth weight, premature birth and intrauterine growth have on later depression. AIMS To review systematically the evidence on the relationship of low birth weight, smallness for gestational age (SGA) and premature birth with adult depression. METHOD We searched the literature for original studies assessing the effect of low birth weight, premature birth and SGA on adult depression. Separate meta-analyses were carried out for each exposure using random and fixed effects models. We evaluated the contribution of methodological covariates to heterogeneity using meta-regression. RESULTS We identified 14 studies evaluating low birth weight, 9 premature birth and 4 SGA. Low birth weight increased the odds of depression (OR = 1.39, 95% CI 1.21-1.60). Premature birth and SGA were not associated with depression, but publication bias might have underestimated the effect of the former and only four studies evaluated SGA. CONCLUSIONS Low birth weight was associated with depression. Future studies evaluating premature birth and SGA are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Loret de Mola
- Christian Loret de Mola, MD, MSc, Giovanny Vinícius Araújo de França, MSc, Postgraduate Programme in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas; Luciana de Avila Quevedo, PhD, Postgraduate Programme in Health and Behaviour, Catholic University of Pelotas; Bernardo Lessa Horta, MD, PhD, Postgraduate Programme in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Giovanny Vinícius Araújo de França
- Christian Loret de Mola, MD, MSc, Giovanny Vinícius Araújo de França, MSc, Postgraduate Programme in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas; Luciana de Avila Quevedo, PhD, Postgraduate Programme in Health and Behaviour, Catholic University of Pelotas; Bernardo Lessa Horta, MD, PhD, Postgraduate Programme in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Luciana de Avila Quevedo
- Christian Loret de Mola, MD, MSc, Giovanny Vinícius Araújo de França, MSc, Postgraduate Programme in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas; Luciana de Avila Quevedo, PhD, Postgraduate Programme in Health and Behaviour, Catholic University of Pelotas; Bernardo Lessa Horta, MD, PhD, Postgraduate Programme in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Bernardo Lessa Horta
- Christian Loret de Mola, MD, MSc, Giovanny Vinícius Araújo de França, MSc, Postgraduate Programme in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas; Luciana de Avila Quevedo, PhD, Postgraduate Programme in Health and Behaviour, Catholic University of Pelotas; Bernardo Lessa Horta, MD, PhD, Postgraduate Programme in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Brazil
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14
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Prenatal risk factors for depression: a critical review of the evidence and potential mechanisms. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2014; 5:339-50. [DOI: 10.1017/s2040174414000324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to adverse experiences in early life increases the risk of depression during adulthood. Recent findings have highlighted that exposure of a fetus to an adverse intrauterine environment may also have implications for later offspring depression. This review considers the status of the evidence for these associations and the potential mechanisms underlying prenatal developmental risks for later depression, addressing the challenging possibility that environmental predisposition to depression may begin before birth.
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15
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Tuovinen S, Aalto-Viljakainen T, Eriksson JG, Kajantie E, Lahti J, Pesonen AK, Heinonen K, Lahti M, Osmond C, Barker DJP, Räikkönen K. Maternal hypertensive disorders during pregnancy: adaptive functioning and psychiatric and psychological problems of the older offspring. BJOG 2014; 121:1482-91. [DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.12753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S Tuovinen
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences; University of Helsinki; Helsinki Finland
| | | | - JG Eriksson
- Department of Chronic Disease Prevention; National Institute for Health and Welfare; Helsinki Finland
- Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care; University of Helsinki; Helsinki Finland
| | - E Kajantie
- Department of Chronic Disease Prevention; National Institute for Health and Welfare; Helsinki Finland
- Hospital for Children and Adolescents; Institute of Clinical Medicine; University of Helsinki; Helsinki Finland
| | - J Lahti
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences; University of Helsinki; Helsinki Finland
| | - A-K Pesonen
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences; University of Helsinki; Helsinki Finland
| | - K Heinonen
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences; University of Helsinki; Helsinki Finland
| | - M Lahti
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences; University of Helsinki; Helsinki Finland
| | - C Osmond
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit; University of Southampton; Southampton UK
| | - DJP Barker
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit; University of Southampton; Southampton UK
| | - K Räikkönen
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences; University of Helsinki; Helsinki Finland
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16
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Flensborg-Madsen T, Revsbech R, Sørensen HJ, Mortensen EL. An association of adult personality with prenatal and early postnatal growth: the EPQ lie-scale. BMC Psychol 2014; 2:8. [PMID: 25566381 PMCID: PMC4270018 DOI: 10.1186/2050-7283-2-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recent studies have noted differences in social acquiescence and interpersonal relations among adults born preterm or with very low birth weight compared to full term adults. In addition, birth weight has been observed to be negatively correlated with lie-scale scores in two studies. We attempted to replicate and extend these studies by examining young adult lie-scale scores in a Danish birth cohort. Method Weight, length and head circumference of 9125 children from the Copenhagen Perinatal Cohort were measured at birth and at 1, 3 and 6 years. A subsample comprising 1182 individuals participated in a follow-up at 20–34 years and was administered the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ) which includes a lie-scale (indicating social acquiescence or self-insight). Associations between lie-scale scores and weight, length and head circumference respectively were analysed by multiple linear regression adjusting for single-mother status, parity, mother’s age, father’s age, parental social status, age at EPQ measurement, intelligence, and adult size. Results Male infants with lower weight, length, and head-circumference at birth and the following three years grew up to have higher scores on the lie-scale as young adults. Most of these associations remained significant after adjustment for the included covariates. No associations were found for females. Analyses were also conducted with neuroticism, extraversion and psychoticism as outcome variables, but no significant associations were found for these traits after adjustment. Conclusions The findings replicate and extend findings from previous studies suggesting that size at birth and during the first three years of life is significantly associated with social acquiescence in adult men. They highlight the potential influence of prenatal and early postnatal development on personality growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trine Flensborg-Madsen
- Unit of Medical Psychology, Institute of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, 1353 Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Rasmus Revsbech
- Hvidovre Psychiatric Center, Dep. 807, Cognitive Research Unit, Brondbyostervej 160, 2605 Brondby, Denmark
| | | | - Erik Lykke Mortensen
- Unit of Medical Psychology, Institute of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, 1353 Copenhagen K, Denmark ; Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen K, Denmark ; Institute of Preventive Medicine, Frederiksberg Hospital, Hovedvejen 5, Nordre Fasanvej 57, 2000 Frederiksberg, Denmark
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17
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The winding road to understanding the neonatal origins of inflammatory gastrointestinal disorders. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2013; 57:543-9. [PMID: 23857343 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0b013e3182a321f1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Beginning with the observation that birth weight correlates with increased risk of cardiovascular disease, the concept of neonatal programming, that the environmental influence on fetal and neonatal development results in modification of the risk profile for adult disease, has begun to emerge as an important component to understanding the origin of chronic diseases of many different organ systems. Until recently, the gastrointestinal system has not been considered. Our understanding of the pathogenesis of many intestinal inflammatory disorders is still incomplete; however, a brief review of what is known reveals several opportunities for the early intraluminal environment to affect the development of the intestinal immune system. Early clinical observations such as the increased risk of celiac disease observed in those born by cesarean section and the protective effect of breast-feeding against inflammatory bowel disease and celiac disease support the role of neonatal programming in the development of chronic inflammatory gastrointestinal disease. Additional, more robust clinical studies are needed to confirm this role. Furthermore, examination of the possible mechanisms of immune phenotype modification is necessary.
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18
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Li F, Wu T, Lei X, Zhang H, Mao M, Zhang J. The apgar score and infant mortality. PLoS One 2013; 8:e69072. [PMID: 23922681 PMCID: PMC3726736 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0069072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate if the Apgar score remains pertinent in contemporary practice after more than 50 years of wide use, and to assess the value of the Apgar score in predicting infant survival, expanding from the neonatal to the post-neonatal period. METHODS The U.S. linked live birth and infant death dataset was used, which included 25,168,052 singleton births and 768,305 twin births. The outcome of interest was infant death within 1 year after birth. Cox proportional hazard-model was used to estimate risk ratio of infant mortality with different Apgar scores. RESULTS Among births with a very low Apgar score at five minutes (1-3), the neonatal and post-neonatal mortality rates remained high until term (≥ 37 weeks). On the other hand, among births with a high Apgar score (≥7), neonatal and post-neonatal mortality rate decreased progressively with gestational age. Non-Hispanic White had a consistently higher neonatal mortality than non-Hispanic Black in both preterm and term births. However, for post-neonatal mortality, Black had significantly higher rate than White. The pattern of changes in neonatal and post-neonatal mortality by Apgar score in twin births is essentially the same as that in singleton births. CONCLUSIONS The Apgar score system has continuing value for predicting neonatal and post-neonatal adverse outcomes in term as well as preterm infants, and is applicable to twins and in various race/ethnic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Li
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children’s Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Pediatric Translational Medicine, Shanghai Children’s Medical Centre, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Wu
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children’s Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xiaoping Lei
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children’s Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children’s Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Meng Mao
- Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children’s Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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19
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Flensborg-Madsen T, Sørensen HJ, Revsbech R, Mortensen EL. Early motor developmental milestones and level of neuroticism in young adulthood: a 23-year follow-up study of the Copenhagen Perinatal Cohort. Psychol Med 2013; 43:1293-1301. [PMID: 22975250 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291712001997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies investigating early developmental factors in relation to psychopathology have mainly focused on schizophrenia. The personality dimension of neuroticism seems to be a general risk factor for psychopathology, but evidence on associations between early developmental precursors and personality traits is almost non-existent. This study is therefore the first to investigate associations between early motor developmental milestones and neuroticism in adulthood. Method Mothers of 9125 children of the Copenhagen Perinatal Cohort recorded 12 developmental milestones during the child's first year of life. A subsample of the cohort comprising 1182 individuals participated in a follow-up when they were aged 20-34 years and were administered the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ). Associations between motor developmental milestones and level of neuroticism, extraversion and psychoticism were analysed by multiple linear regression adjusting for for sex, single-mother status, parity, mother's age, father's age, parental social status and birth weight. RESULTS Among the 1182 participants with information on the EPQ, information on milestones was available for 968 participants. Infants who developed high levels of neuroticism as adults tended to sit without support, crawl, and walk with and without support significantly later than individuals with low levels of neuroticism (p values <0.05). These results remained significant after adjustment for the included covariates and for adult intelligence. CONCLUSIONS The findings are the first of their kind and suggest that delays in early motor development may not only characterize psychopathological disorders such as schizophrenia, but may also be associated with the personality dimension of neuroticism in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Flensborg-Madsen
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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20
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Betts KS, Williams GM, Najman JM, Scott J, Alati R. The association between lower birth weight and comorbid generalised anxiety and major depressive disorder. J Affect Disord 2013; 146:231-7. [PMID: 23040738 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2012.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2012] [Revised: 09/12/2012] [Accepted: 09/12/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Studies testing the association between birth weight and depression or anxiety have found inconsistent results and there has been a lack of research on the possible relationship between birth weight and comorbid anxiety and depression. We tested for an association between lower birth weight and major depression, generalised anxiety and comorbid generalised anxiety and major depression. METHOD Data was taken from 2113 mothers and their offspring participating in the Mater University Study of Pregnancy (MUSP) birth cohort. Generalised anxiety, major depression and comorbid generalised anxiety and major depression at 21 years were tested for associations with birth weight using multinomial logistic regression. RESULTS Lower birth weight was found to predict comorbid generalised anxiety and major depression, but did not predict either generalised anxiety or major depression. LIMITATIONS We were unable to specify comorbidity by the primary disorder, or by the severity or recurrence of the depression. CONCLUSION Previous associations found between birth weight and mental health may reflect a specific link between lower birth weight and comorbid generalised anxiety and major depressive disorders. As neither disorder individually was associated with lower birth weight, this may suggest that this developmental origin represents a unique risk pathway to comorbidity not shared with either discrete disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Steven Betts
- Care of Rosa Alati, School of Population Health, The University of Queensland, 4th floor, Public Health Building, Herston Rd, Herston QLD 4006, Australia.
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21
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Wojcik W, Lee W, Colman I, Hardy R, Hotopf M. Foetal origins of depression? A systematic review and meta-analysis of low birth weight and later depression. Psychol Med 2013; 43:1-12. [PMID: 22717127 PMCID: PMC3521225 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291712000682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2011] [Revised: 03/06/2012] [Accepted: 03/08/2012] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The foetal origins hypothesis suggests an association between low birth weight and later depression, yet evidence supporting this association has been inconsistent. METHOD We systematically reviewed evidence for an association between low birth weight and adult depression or psychological distress in the general population by meta-analysis. We searched EMBASE, Medline, PsycINFO and ISI Web of Science for studies reporting observational data with low birth weight as the exposure and self- or clinician-rated depression or psychological distress measures as an outcome. Selective studies of exposures such as famine or outcomes such as severe illness only were excluded. Altogether,1454 studies were screened for relevance, 26 were included in the qualitative synthesis, 18 were included in the meta-analysis. A random effects meta-analysis method was used to obtain a pooled estimate of effect size. RESULTS The odds of depression or psychological distress was greater for those of low birth weight (<2500 g) compared to those of normal birth weight (>2500 g) or greater [odds ratio (OR) 1.15, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 1.00-1.32]. However, this association became non-significant after trim-and-fill correction for publication bias (OR 1.08, 95% CI 0.92-1.27). Using meta-regression, no differences in effect size were observed by gender, outcome measure of depression or psychological distress, or whether the effect size was adjusted for possible confounders. CONCLUSIONS We found evidence to support a weak association between low birth weight and later depression or psychological distress, which may be due to publication bias. It remains possible that the association may vary according to severity of symptoms or other factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Wojcik
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, UK.
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22
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Hall J, Wolke D. A comparison of prematurity and small for gestational age as risk factors for age 6-13 year emotional problems. Early Hum Dev 2012; 88:797-804. [PMID: 22698435 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2012.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2012] [Revised: 05/08/2012] [Accepted: 05/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although both very preterm (VP) and small for gestational age (SGA) births are suggested to increase the likelihood of childhood emotional problems, there has been a lack of research comparing these effects. AIMS To investigate levels of emotional problems between 6-13 years of age and contrast the impact of being born either very premature (irrespective of birth weight) or small for gestational age. STUDY DESIGN Prospective longitudinal cohort study. SUBJECTS 654 Bavarian children (born 1985-1986) who were followed from birth to age 12/13 years. OUTCOME MEASURES Emotional problems at ages 6.3 and 8.5 years were measured via the Child Behavior Check List (CBCL). Emotional problems were measured at age 12/13 years via the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Trajectories of emotional problems were derived between 6.3 and 13 years. RESULTS Two distinctive patterns of age 6-13 year emotional problems were found: 1) a low and stable level of problems in 76% of children; 2) a high and stable level of problems in 24% of children. The high and stable pattern of emotional problems was significantly associated with a VP but not an SGA birth. Consistent additional determinants included male child gender and lower family socioeconomic status. CONCLUSIONS The disparity between VP and SGA births as a predictor of age 6-13 year old emotional problems is considered in terms of fetal and/or glucocorticoid programming. The stability of emotional problems between 6 and 13 years reinforces the need for early childhood interventions aimed at children born very preterm.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Hall
- Department of Psychology, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
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23
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Abstract
Environmental adversities in pre- and early postnatal life may have life-long consequences. Based upon a series of epidemiological and clinical studies and natural experiments, this review describes how the early life environment may affect psychological functions and mental disorders later in life. We focus on studies that have examined the associations of small body size at birth and prematurity as proxies of prenatal environmental adversity. We also review literature on materno-fetal malnutrition, maternal prenatal glycyrrhizin in licorice consumption and hypertension-spectrum pregnancy disorders as factors that may compromise the fetal developmental milieu and hence provide insight into some of the mechanisms that may underlie prenatal programming. While effects of programming mostly take place during the first 1000 days after conception, we finally present evidence from prospective studies suggesting that programming can occur also during later critical periods of development or 'windows of plasticity'. The studies may bear relevance for future prevention and intervention programs targeting the potentially modifiable environmental factors that will aid at promoting mental well-being and health of an individual.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katri Räikkönen
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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24
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Kajantie E, Pietilainen KH, Wehkalampi K, Kananen L, Raikkonen K, Rissanen A, Hovi P, Kaprio J, Andersson S, Eriksson JG, Hovatta I. No association between body size at birth and leucocyte telomere length in adult life--evidence from three cohort studies. Int J Epidemiol 2012; 41:1400-8. [DOI: 10.1093/ije/dys127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Pyykkönen AJ, Räikkönen K, Tuomi T, Eriksson JG, Groop L, Isomaa B. Association between depressive symptoms and metabolic syndrome is not explained by antidepressant medication: results from the PPP-Botnia Study. Ann Med 2012; 44:279-88. [PMID: 21254903 DOI: 10.3109/07853890.2010.543921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To study whether the frequently reported association between depressive symptoms and the metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its individual components are secondary to the use of antidepressant medication and to established diabetes or cardiovascular diseases (CVD). PATIENTS AND METHODS A population-based, random sample of 4,967 women and men aged 18-75 years. MetS was defined according to the new, harmonized criteria. Glucose tolerance was assessed by oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). CVD, depressive symptoms, and use of antidepressant medication were self-reported. RESULTS The odds for having the MetS increased over 10%for each standard deviation increase in depressive symptoms. Users of antidepressant medication had more than 50% increased odds for having the MetS. Depressive symptoms were also associated with higher glucose response during the OGTT, higher serum triglyceride and lower HDL-cholesterol concentrations, and higher waist circumference, while use of antidepressant medication was associated with higher triglycerides, waist circumference, and systolic blood pressure. The associations of depressive symptoms were not secondary to use of antidepressant medication and were not explained by established diabetes or CVD. DISCUSSION Depressive symptoms, the MetS, and the individual components of MetS are related. These associations are not driven by use of antidepressant medication, established diabetes, or CVD.
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26
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Mustaniemi S, Sipola-Leppänen M, Hovi P, Halbreich U, Vääräsmäki M, Räikkönen K, Pesonen AK, Heinonen K, Järvenpää AL, Eriksson JG, Andersson S, Kajantie E. Premenstrual symptoms in young adults born preterm at very low birth weight - from the Helsinki Study of Very Low Birth Weight Adults. BMC Womens Health 2011; 11:25. [PMID: 21639914 PMCID: PMC3127835 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6874-11-25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2010] [Accepted: 06/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Clinically significant premenstrual symptoms are common among young women. Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is characterized by emotional, behavioural and physical symptoms that consistently occur during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is a severe form of PMS. Individual variation in stress responsiveness may be involved in the pathophysiology of premenstrual symptoms. Preterm birth at very low birth weight (VLBW, < 1500g) has a multitude of consequences that extend to adult life, including altered stress responsiveness which could affect the prevalence of premenstrual symptoms.
Methods
In this cohort study, we compared 75 VLBW women with 95 women born at term (mean age 22.5). We used a standardized retrospective questionnaire assessing the presence and severity of a variety of symptoms before and after menses. The symptom scores were used both as continuous and as dichotomized variables, with cutoffs based on DSM-IV criteria for PMDD and ACOG criteria for PMS, except prospective daily ratings could not be used. We used multiple linear and logistic regression to adjust for confounders.
Results
There was no difference in the continuous symptom score before menses (mean difference VLBW-term -18.3%, 95% confidence interval -37.9 to 7.5%) or after menses. The prevalence of premenstrual symptoms causing severe impairment to daily life was 13.3% for VLBW women and 14.7% for control women. For PMDD, it was 8.0% and 4.2%, and for PMS, 12.0% and 11.6%, respectively. These differences were not statistically significant (p > 0.1).
Conclusion
Our findings suggest that the severity of premenstrual symptoms and the prevalence of PMDD and PMS among young women born preterm at VLBW is not higher than among those born at term.
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Betts KS, Williams GM, Najman JM, Alati R. The association between birth weight and anxiety disorders in young adults. J Anxiety Disord 2011; 25:1060-7. [PMID: 21803539 DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2011.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2011] [Accepted: 07/04/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Recent evidence has linked birth weight to later behaviour/mental disorders, yet studies have hitherto neglected to investigate the relationship between birth weight and adult anxiety disorders. Prospectively collected data from 2210 mother/offspring pairs of the Mater University Study of Pregnancy (MUSP) birth cohort was used to test for associations between birth weight z-score and four major groupings of DSM-IV anxiety disorders. Birth weight z-score was linearly and inversely associated with lifetime diagnosis of post-traumatic stress disorders at 21 years, with those falling within the smallest birth weight quintile group at almost two-fold increased odds (OR=1.96, 95% CI: 1.10, 3.52) of being diagnosed with the disorder compared to those falling within the largest group. The association remained when subsequent analysis restricted the sample to those exposed to trauma. This is the first study in which birth weight has been found to be associated with post-traumatic stress disorders in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Steven Betts
- School of Population Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
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28
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Räikkönen K, Seckl JR, Pesonen AK, Simons A, Van den Bergh BRH. Stress, glucocorticoids and liquorice in human pregnancy: programmers of the offspring brain. Stress 2011; 14:590-603. [PMID: 21875300 DOI: 10.3109/10253890.2011.602147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A suboptimal prenatal environment may induce permanent changes in cells, organs and physiology that alter social, emotional and cognitive functioning, and increase the risk of cardiometabolic and mental disorders in subsequent life ("developmental programming"). Although animal studies have provided a wealth of data on programming and its mechanisms, including on the role of stress and its glucocorticoid mediators, empirical evidence of these mechanisms in humans is still scanty. We review the existing human evidence on the effects of prenatal maternal stress, anxiety and depression, glucocorticoids and intake of liquorice (which inhibits the placental barrier to maternal glucocorticoids) on offspring developmental outcomes including, for instance, alterations in psychophysiological and neurocognitive functioning and mental health. This work lays the foundations for biomarker discovery and affords opportunities for prevention and interventions to ameliorate adverse outcomes in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Räikkönen
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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Abstract
Dr. David Barker first popularized the concept of fetal origins of adult disease (FOAD). Since its inception, FOAD has received considerable attention. The FOAD hypothesis holds that events during early development have a profound impact on one's risk for development of future adult disease. Low birth weight, a surrogate marker of poor fetal growth and nutrition, is linked to coronary artery disease, hypertension, obesity, and insulin resistance. Clues originally arose from large 20th century, European birth registries. Today, large, diverse human cohorts and various animal models have extensively replicated these original observations. This review focuses on the pathogenesis related to FOAD and examines Dr. David Barker's landmark studies, along with additional human and animal model data. Implications of the FOAD extend beyond the low birth weight population and include babies exposed to stress, both nutritional and nonnutritional, during different critical periods of development, which ultimately result in a disease state. By understanding FOAD, health care professionals and policy makers will make this issue a high health care priority and implement preventive measures and treatment for those at higher risk for chronic diseases.
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Abstract
Although many previous studies have reported an association between preterm birth or small size at birth and later behaviour, multiple methodological limitations threaten the validity of causal inferences from reported associations. The authors have examined the association between gestational age and gestational age-specific size at birth (weight, length and head circumference) and behaviour in a large sample of children born healthy at term. The data were from the 6.5-year follow-up of 13,889 Belarusian children who participated in the Promotion of Breastfeeding Intervention Trial, a cluster-randomised trial of a breast-feeding promotion intervention. Child behaviour was measured using the parent and teacher versions of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Differences in SDQ scores by gestational age and by birthweight, birth length and birth head circumference standardised for gestational age and sex (z-scores) were analysed after controlling for potentially confounding maternal and family factors. There was no association between gestational age and child behaviour after adjusting for potential confounding factors. Lower birthweight-for-gestational age was associated with higher scores in problem behaviours including total difficulties, conduct problems, hyperactivity, emotional symptoms and peer problems. Similar but smaller differences were observed with birth length and birth head circumference, but those differences were attenuated with adjustment for birthweight. The patterns of association were consistent in both parent and teacher assessments. Among school-age children born at term within normal range of birthweight, fetal growth, but not gestational age, was associated with behavioural problem scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungmi Yang
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
| | - Eric Fombonne
- Department of Pediatrics, McGill University,Department of Psychiatry, McGill University
| | - Michael S. Kramer
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University,The Research Institute of Montreal Children’s Hospital, McGill University Health Centre,Department of Pediatrics, McGill University
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Rosenthal L, Lobel M. Explaining racial disparities in adverse birth outcomes: Unique sources of stress for Black American women. Soc Sci Med 2011; 72:977-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2011.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2010] [Revised: 01/11/2011] [Accepted: 01/13/2011] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Avison WR. Incorporating children's lives into a life course perspective on stress and mental health. JOURNAL OF HEALTH AND SOCIAL BEHAVIOR 2010; 51:361-75. [PMID: 21131615 DOI: 10.1177/0022146510386797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Emerging themes in demography, developmental medicine, and psychiatry suggest that a comprehensive understanding of mental health across the life course requires that we incorporate the lives of children into our research. If we can learn more about the ways in which the stress process unfolds for children, we will gain important insights into the factors that influence initial set points of trajectories of mental health over the life course. This will simultaneously extend the scope of the stress process paradigm and elaborate the life course perspective on mental health. Incorporating children's lives into the sociology of mental health will also extend the intellectual influence of the discipline on sociomedical and biomedical research on mental illness. I contend that sociology's greatest promise in understanding trajectories of mental health across the life course lies in a systematic analysis of the social and social-psychological conditions of children, the stressful experiences that arise out of these conditions, and the processes that mediate and moderate the stress process in childhood. In this regard, there are three major issues that sociologists could begin to address: (1) the identification of structural and institutional factors that pattern children's exposure to stress; (2) the construction of a stress universe for children; and (3) the identification of key elements of the life course perspective that may set or alter trajectories of mental health in childhood and adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- William R Avison
- The University of Western Ontario, Children's Health Research Institute, Canada.
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Lahti M, Räikkönen K, Wahlbeck K, Heinonen K, Forsén T, Kajantie E, Pesonen AK, Osmond C, Barker DJP, Eriksson JG. Prenatal origins of hospitalization for personality disorders: the Helsinki birth cohort study. Psychiatry Res 2010; 179:226-30. [PMID: 20493545 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2009.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2009] [Revised: 07/03/2009] [Accepted: 08/27/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Although a suboptimal prenatal environment has been linked with schizophrenia and depression, possible associations with personality disorders remain unclear. The aim of this study was to examine the associations of body size at birth and length of gestation with hospitalization for personality disorders in a cohort study of 6506 men and 5857 women born in Helsinki, Finland, between 1934 and 1944. International Classification of Diseases (-8, -9, -10) diagnoses of personality disorders were extracted from the national Finnish Hospital Discharge Register since 1969. 102 men and 80 women had been hospitalized due to any personality disorder. 41 men and 30 women had dramatic personality disorders. Among men, head circumference showed an inverse J-shaped, nonlinear association with hospitalization for personality disorders. Men with a small head circumference were at increased risk. Also in men, a smaller head-to-length ratio linearly predicted personality disorders. Among women, a smaller placental area predicted increased risk of hospitalization for dramatic personality disorders. Vulnerability to personality disorders may be programmed during fetal life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Lahti
- Department of Psychology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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Gudmundsson P, Andersson S, Gustafson D, Waern M, Ostling S, Hällström T, Palsson S, Skoog I, Hulthen L. Depression in Swedish women: relationship to factors at birth. Eur J Epidemiol 2010; 26:55-60. [PMID: 20857177 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-010-9508-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2010] [Accepted: 09/03/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Depression is a common and serious disorder that may have developmental origins. Birth-related factors have been related to childhood and adult occurrence of somatic as well as psychiatric disorders, but studies on the relationship between birth-related factors and depression are few and show mixed results. In addition, varying methods have been used to assess depression. Standardized clinical criteria to diagnose depression, combined with birth data collected from midwife records have not been used in most studies. Participants in the Prospective Population Study of Women in Sweden (803 women), born 1914, 1918, 1922 and 1930, provide information on birth factors and depression. Women participated from 1968 at mid-life ages of 38-60 years, to 2000, when they were age 78-92 years. Original birth records containing birth weight, length, head circumference, and gestational time, as well as social factors were obtained. Lifetime depression was diagnosed via multiple information sources. Symptoms were assessed using the Comprehensive Psychopathological Rating Scale and diagnoses were based on DSM-III-R criteria. Over their lifetime, 44.6% of women in this sample experienced depression. Birth weights ≤ 3500 g [odds ratio (OR), age-adjusted = 1.72; 95% CI 1.29-2.28, P < 0.001] and shorter gestational time (OR, age-adjusted = 1.13; 95% CI 1.04-1.24, P = 0.005) were independently associated with a higher odds of lifetime depression in a logistic regression model adjusted for age. Lower than median birth weights and shorter gestational time were related to lifetime depression in women. Both neurodevelopmental and environmental contributions to lifetime depression may be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia Gudmundsson
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Section for Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Kajantie E, Räikkönen K. Early life predictors of the physiological stress response later in life. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2010; 35:23-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2009.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2009] [Revised: 10/26/2009] [Accepted: 11/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Crump C, Winkleby MA, Sundquist K, Sundquist J. Preterm birth and psychiatric medication prescription in young adulthood: a Swedish national cohort study. Int J Epidemiol 2010; 39:1522-30. [PMID: 20570995 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyq103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies suggest an increased risk of adverse mental health outcomes among young adults who were born preterm. These studies have been based mainly on hospital data, thus missing large numbers of mental health problems that do not require inpatient treatment. We used national outpatient and inpatient pharmacy data to evaluate whether individuals who were born preterm were more likely to be prescribed psychiatric medications during young adulthood than individuals who were born full term. METHODS A national cohort of all infants born in Sweden from 1973 through 1979 [N = 635,933, including 28,799 who were born preterm (<37 weeks)] was followed to ages 25.5-34.0 years to determine whether psychotropic medications (antidepressants, antipsychotics, anxiolytics, hypnotics/sedatives and/or psychostimulants) were prescribed in 2005-06. RESULTS A trend of increasing rate of prescriptions for antipsychotics, antidepressants and hypnotics/sedatives in young adulthood was observed by earlier gestational age at birth. Young adults who were extremely preterm at birth (23-27 weeks) were 3.1 times more likely to be prescribed antipsychotics [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.66-5.93], 1.8 times more likely to be prescribed antidepressants (95% CI 1.26-2.64) and 1.8 times more likely to be prescribed hypnotics/sedatives (95% CI 1.15-2.96) than individuals who were full term at birth, after adjusting for potential confounders. CONCLUSIONS This national cohort study, using outpatient and inpatient pharmacy data, suggests that preterm birth has important independent effects on mental health that extend at least into young adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey Crump
- Stanford Family Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304-5765, USA.
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Tuovinen S, Räikkönen K, Kajantie E, Pesonen AK, Heinonen K, Osmond C, Barker DJP, Eriksson JG. Depressive symptoms in adulthood and intrauterine exposure to pre-eclampsia: the Helsinki Birth Cohort Study. BJOG 2010; 117:1236-42. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2010.02634.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Current alcohol use and risk for hypomania in male students: generally more or more binging? Compr Psychiatry 2010; 51:171-6. [PMID: 20152298 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2009.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2009] [Revised: 04/30/2009] [Accepted: 05/19/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol use disorders and bipolar disorder are highly comorbid. Some studies suggest that alcohol abuse or misuse might even precede the onset of bipolar disorder, but few studies have looked at the daily drinking pattern beyond diagnostic categories. We therefore examined if risk for hypomania is associated with a specific drinking pattern when using a calendar-based interview. METHOD A total of 120 students who completed the Hypomanic Personality Scale were independently interviewed with the FORM 90 to assess daily drinking and the Composite Diagnostic Interview to derive Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, diagnoses. RESULTS Conducting regression analyses, we found that an alcohol-related disorder was related to the amount and frequency of drinking, as expected. Risk for hypomania was specifically related to an unstable drinking pattern and binge drinking, but not generally higher consumption. CONCLUSION Risk for hypomania was associated with unstable alcohol consumption and binge drinking, even after controlling for alcohol-related disorders. This supports the idea that instability in different areas of behavior is characteristic of vulnerability to hypomania.
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Whyatt RM, Adibi JJ, Calafat AM, Camann DE, Rauh V, Bhat HK, Perera FP, Andrews H, Just AC, Hoepner L, Tang D, Hauser R. Prenatal di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate exposure and length of gestation among an inner-city cohort. Pediatrics 2009; 124:e1213-20. [PMID: 19948620 PMCID: PMC3137456 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2009-0325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our objective was to assess the relationship between di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) exposure during pregnancy and gestational age at delivery among 311 African American or Dominican women from New York City. METHODS Forty-eight-hour personal air and/or spot urine samples were collected during the third trimester. DEHP levels were measured in air samples and 4 DEHP metabolite levels were measured in urine. Specific gravity was used to adjust for urinary dilution. Gestational age was abstracted from newborn medical records (n = 289) or calculated from the expected date of delivery (n = 42). Multivariate linear regression models controlled for potential confounders. RESULTS DEHP was detected in 100% of personal air samples (geometric mean: 0.20 microg/m(3) [95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.18-0.21 microg/m(3)]); natural logarithms of air concentrations were inversely but not significantly associated with gestational age. Two or more of the DEHP metabolites were detected in 100% of urine samples (geometric mean: 4.8-38.9 ng/mL [95% CI: 4.1-44.3 ng/mL]). Controlling for potential confounders, gestational age was shorter by 1.1 days (95% CI: 0.2-1.8 days) for each 1-logarithmic unit increase in specific gravity-adjusted mono(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate concentrations (P = .01) and averaged 5.0 days (95% CI: 2.1-8.0 days) less among subjects with the highest versus lowest quartile concentrations (P = .001). Results were similar and statistically significant for the other DEHP metabolites. CONCLUSIONS Prenatal DEHP exposure was associated with shorter gestation but, given inconsistencies with previous findings for other study populations, results should be interpreted with caution, and additional research is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin M. Whyatt
- Columbia Center for Children's Environmental Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Jennifer J. Adibi
- Department of Obstetrics, Genecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Antonia M. Calafat
- National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | - Virgina Rauh
- Columbia Center for Children's Environmental Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Hari K. Bhat
- Columbia Center for Children's Environmental Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Frederica P. Perera
- Columbia Center for Children's Environmental Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Howard Andrews
- Columbia Center for Children's Environmental Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Allan C. Just
- Columbia Center for Children's Environmental Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Lori Hoepner
- Columbia Center for Children's Environmental Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Deliang Tang
- Columbia Center for Children's Environmental Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Russ Hauser
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
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RÃIKKÃNEN KATRI, PESONEN ANUKATRIINA. Early life origins of psychological development and mental health. Scand J Psychol 2009; 50:583-91. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-9450.2009.00786.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Pesonen AK, Räikkönen K, Matthews K, Heinonen K, Paavonen JE, Lahti J, Komsi N, Lemola S, Järvenpää AL, Kajantie E, Strandberg T. Prenatal origins of poor sleep in children. Sleep 2009; 32:1086-92. [PMID: 19725260 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/32.8.1086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES We examined whether small body size at birth and prenatal tobacco or alcohol exposure predict poor sleep and more sleep disturbances in children. DESIGN An epidemiologic cohort study of 289 eight-year-old children born at term. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS Sleep duration and efficiency were measured by actigraphy for 7 consecutive nights (mean = 7.1, SD = 1.2). We used both continuous measures of poor sleep and binary variables of short sleep and low sleep efficiency ( < or = 10th percentiles). Parents completed the Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children. Lower birth weight and shorter length at birth were associated with lower sleep efficiency. For every 1-SD decrease in weight and length at birth, the odds for low sleep efficiency increased by 1.7 fold (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.1 to 2.7) and 2.2 fold (95% CI: 1.3 to 3.7), respectively. For every 1-SD decrease in ponderal index at birth, the risk of parent-reported sleep disorders increased by 1.4 fold (95% CI: 1.0 to 2.0). Moreover, children exposed prenatally to alcohol had a 2.9-fold (95% CI: 1.1 to 7.6) and 3.6-fold (95% CI: 1.3 to 10.0) increased risk for having short sleep and low sleep efficiency, respectively. The associations were not confounded by sex, gestational length, prenatal and perinatal complications, body mass index at 8 years, asthma, allergies, or parental socioeconomic status. CONCLUSIONS Poor sleep in children may have prenatal origins. Possible mechanisms include alcohol consumption during pregnancy and other conditions associated with small body size at birth.
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Sabet F, Richter LM, Ramchandani PG, Stein A, Quigley MA, Norris SA. Low birthweight and subsequent emotional and behavioural outcomes in 12-year-old children in Soweto, South Africa: findings from Birth to Twenty. Int J Epidemiol 2009; 38:944-54. [PMID: 19433519 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyp204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The fetal origins hypothesis suggests that an adverse prenatal environment, indexed by low birthweight (LBW), may increase the risk of developing later disease. Recently the hypothesis has been extended to psychological outcomes, especially depression. The aim of this analysis was to test, for the first time in a developing country setting, the association between LBW and psychological symptoms, in Soweto, South Africa. METHODS A sample of 1029 children was drawn from Birth to Twenty, a longitudinal cohort followed from pregnancy to young adulthood. This sample completed the Youth Self Report at age 12 years, a validated psychological measure of behavioural and emotional adjustment. Scores were compared between LBW (<2500 g) and normal birthweight children using multivariate analysis with adjustment for potential birth and life events confounding factors. RESULTS No associations were found between LBW and total [adjusted odds ratio (OR) 1.09, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.69-1.74], internalizing (adjusted OR 0.81, 95% CI 0.52-1.28) or externalizing profiles (adjusted OR 0.81, 95% CI 0.49-1.36). The only difference detected was for the internalizing sub-profile of Somatic Complaints (adjusted OR 2.02, 95% CI 1.21-3.38), which on subgroup analysis was greatest among females. CONCLUSIONS We found no convincing evidence of an association between LBW and emotional and behavioural outcomes in 12-year olds in this sample in urban South Africa. To our knowledge, this is the first published assessment of this association in a developing world context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farnaz Sabet
- Section of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Lobel M, Hamilton JG, Cannella DT. Psychosocial Perspectives on Pregnancy: Prenatal Maternal Stress and Coping. SOCIAL AND PERSONALITY PSYCHOLOGY COMPASS 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-9004.2008.00119.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Birth factors and common mental health problems in young adults: a population-based study in North Staffordshire. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2008; 43:325-30. [PMID: 18196185 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-007-0304-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2007] [Accepted: 12/17/2007] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Birth-related factors have been associated with adult chronic disease. Whilst the potential association between these factors and depression in adulthood was been described rather less is known about the role of these exposures in the development of anxiety. METHOD Cross-sectional population-based survey recruited adults aged 18-25 years. Participants were classified on the basis of responses to the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Birth-related exposures were determined by hospital medical record review. A proportional odds model was used to assess associations between birth factors and anxiety and depression. RESULTS No significant associations were found between birth factors and anxiety. Significant associations were found between depression with low birth weight (odds ratio 2.88, 95% confidence interval 1.26-6.59) and neonatal admission to ITU (3.12, 1.25, 7.78). CONCLUSION Low birth weight and neonatal intensive care unit admission are significantly associated with depression in adults. Other birth related variables were not significantly associated with either depression or anxiety.
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Abstract
During the last two decades, a considerable body of evidence has emerged showing that circumstances during the fetal period and childhood may have lifelong programming effects on different body functions with a considerable impact on disease susceptibility. From a medical point of view, these long-term effects are today referred to as the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) concept. The DOHaD concept may have a fundamental impact on our ideas about when and how to intervene in order to prevent aging-related loss of function and disease. The aim of this review is to provide a synopsis of epidemiological findings relating early-life conditions with key aging-related disorders, including cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, depression, cognitive impairments and osteoporosis. There are several mechanisms that have been suggested as linking early-life events with late-life disease. This review will discuss programming of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function as one of the best characterised examples of such mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eero Kajantie
- National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland.
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Consequences of antenatal mental health problems for child health and development. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol 2008; 19:568-72. [PMID: 18007135 DOI: 10.1097/gco.0b013e3282f1bf28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The aim of this article is to review studies published in English in the last year which examine associations between maternal mental health problems during pregnancy and subsequent development and health outcomes for the fetus, infant, child and adolescent. The body of research into antenatal mental health consequences is now considerable so this article provides an introduction to the field by considering the most recent studies. RECENT FINDINGS Research in the past 12 months has further developed understanding of the effects of mental health problems including antenatal anxiety and possible mechanisms for its effect on fetal neurodevelopment, infant temperament and later psychological, behavioural and cognitive outcomes for the child and adolescent. Delivery outcome studies again confirm the significant association between various mental illnesses, including depression and preterm birth and low birth weight. SUMMARY Children's emotional, cognitive and physical health and development are affected by their mothers' mental health whilst pregnant. Prompt identification and referral of pregnant women for specialist treatment is important in order to reduce adverse child outcomes.
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Inskip HM, Dunn N, Godfrey KM, Cooper C, Kendrick T. Is birth weight associated with risk of depressive symptoms in young women? Evidence from the Southampton Women's Survey. Am J Epidemiol 2008; 167:164-8. [PMID: 17947221 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwm276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Although some studies have shown negative associations between birth weight and risk of depression, others have not. Studies also differ regarding the age and gender specificity of reported associations. In this paper, the authors report on a study of 5,830 women aged 20-34 years from the general population in Southampton, United Kingdom, interviewed in 2000-2002 that found no relation between birth weight and current depressive symptoms or past treatment for depression. Prevalence ratios for current symptoms and for past treatment, in relation to reported or recorded birth weights, were all remarkably close to 1.0, with narrow 95% confidence intervals. For example, the prevalence ratio from the fully adjusted model for current depressive symptoms in relation to a standard deviation increase in reported birth weight was 1.01 (95% confidence interval: 0.98, 1.05). Generally, the associations reported elsewhere are not strong. The authors found a weak, inverse association in exploratory analyses of duration of gestation at birth in relation to depressive symptoms, but this finding requires replication. Because birth weight and duration of gestation are relatively poor markers of fetal development, other markers of fetal and early development should be explored. However, data from this study do not support a major developmental contribution to the etiology of depression in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazel M Inskip
- MRC Epidemiology Resource Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
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Paile-Hyvärinen M, Räikkönen K, Forsén T, Kajantie E, Ylihärsilä H, Salonen MK, Osmond C, Eriksson JG. Depression and its association with diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and birth weight. Ann Med 2007; 39:634-40. [PMID: 17852029 DOI: 10.1080/07853890701545722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes increases the risk for depression. AIM To study the independent effects of diabetes mellitus (DM) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) on the prevalence of depression and to examine low birth weight as a possible common explanatory factor. METHODS 2003 subjects from the Helsinki Birth Cohort Study underwent a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test and filled out the Beck Depression Inventory. RESULTS Depressive symptoms were more prevalent among subjects with diabetes (23.5%) than among those with normal glucose tolerance (16.6%) (P < 0.001). A history of CVD also markedly increased the odds of having depressive symptoms (odds ratio (OR) = 2.38, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.70-3.32, P < 0.001). The association between DM and depressive symptoms was, however, rendered non-significant when adjusting for the presence of CVD. Being born with a low birth weight doubled the risk for having depressive symptoms (OR = 2.64, 95% CI = 1.42-4.91, P = 0.002) and magnified the association between CVD/DM and depression. CONCLUSION Diabetes has only a minor independent effect on concurrent occurrence of depressive symptoms, while cardiovascular disease seems to be a more important underlying factor. The association between disease and depression is in particular characteristic to individuals born with a low birth weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Paile-Hyvärinen
- National Public Health Institute, Department of Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention, Diabetes Unit, Mannerheimintie 166, 00300 Helsinki, Finland.
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