1
|
Hoekstra M, Zhang Z, Lindenburg PW, Van Eck M. Scavenger Receptor BI Deficiency in Mice Is Associated With Plasma Ceramide and Sphingomyelin Accumulation and a Reduced Cholesteryl Ester Fatty Acid Length and Unsaturation Degree. J Lipid Atheroscler 2024; 13:69-79. [PMID: 38299166 PMCID: PMC10825577 DOI: 10.12997/jla.2024.13.1.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI) is primarily known for its role in the selective uptake of cholesteryl esters (CEs) from high-density lipoproteins (HDLs). Here we investigated whether SR-BI deficiency is associated with other potentially relevant changes in the plasma lipidome than the established effect of HDL-cholesterol elevation. Methods Targeted ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was utilized to measure lipid species in plasma from female wild-type and SR-BI knockout mice. Results SR-BI deficiency was associated with a reduction in the average CE fatty acid length (-2%; p<0.001) and degree of CE fatty acid unsaturation (-18%; p<0.001) due to a relative shift from longer, polyunsaturated CE species CE (20:4), CE (20:5), and CE (22:6) towards the mono-unsaturated CE (18:1) species. Sphingomyelin (SM) levels were 64% higher (p<0.001) in SR-BI knockout mice without a parallel change in (lyso)phosphatidylcholine (LPC) concentrations, resulting in an increase in the SM/LPC ratio from 0.102±0.005 to 0.163±0.003 (p<0.001). In addition, lower LPC lengths (-5%; p<0.05) and fatty acid unsaturation degrees (-20%; p<0.01) were detected in SR-BI knockout mice. Furthermore, SR-BI deficiency was associated with a 4.7-fold increase (p<0.001) in total plasma ceramide (Cer) levels, with a marked >9-fold rise (p<0.001) in Cer (d18:1/24:1) concentrations. Conclusion We have shown that SR-BI deficiency in mice not only impacts the CE concentrations, length, and saturation index within the plasma compartment, but is also associated with plasma accumulation of several Cer and SM species that may contribute to the development of specific hematological and metabolic (disease) phenotypes previously detected in SR-BI knockout mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Menno Hoekstra
- Division of Systems Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Pharmacy Leiden, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Zhengzheng Zhang
- Metabolomics and Analytics Center, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Peter W. Lindenburg
- Research Group Metabolomics, Faculty Science & Technology, University of Applied Sciences Leiden, Hogeschool Leiden, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Miranda Van Eck
- Division of Systems Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Pharmacy Leiden, Leiden, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Narayanan AK, Surendran S, Balakrishnan D, Gopalakrishnan U, Malick S, Valsan A, Philips CA, Watson CJE. A Short Review on Obeticholic Acid: An Effective Modulator of Farnesoid X Receptor. Curr Rev Clin Exp Pharmacol 2024; 19:225-233. [PMID: 38708917 DOI: 10.2174/0127724328239536230919070001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) was identified as an orphan nuclear receptor resembling the steroid receptor in the late '90s. Activation of FXR is a crucial step in many physiological functions of the liver. A vital role of FXR is impacting the amount of bile acids in the hepatocytes, which it performs by reducing bile acid synthesis, stimulating the bile salt export pump, and inhibiting its enterohepatic circulation, thus protecting the hepatocytes against the toxic accumulation of bile acids. Furthermore, FXR mediates bile acid biotransformation in the intestine, liver regeneration, glucose hemostasis, and lipid metabolism. In this review, we first discuss the mechanisms of the disparate pleiotropic actions of FXR agonists. We then delve into the pharmacokinetics of Obeticholic acid (OCA), the first-in-class selective, potent FXR agonist. We additionally discuss the clinical journey of OCA in humans, its current evidence in various human diseases, and its plausible roles in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anila Kutty Narayanan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery & Solid Organ Transplant, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences & Research Centre, Amrita University, Kochi 682041, Kerala, India
| | - Sudhindran Surendran
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery & Solid Organ Transplant, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences & Research Centre, Amrita University, Kochi 682041, Kerala, India
| | - Dinesh Balakrishnan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery & Solid Organ Transplant, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences & Research Centre, Amrita University, Kochi 682041, Kerala, India
| | - Unnikrishnan Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery & Solid Organ Transplant, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences & Research Centre, Amrita University, Kochi 682041, Kerala, India
| | - Shweta Malick
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery & Solid Organ Transplant, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences & Research Centre, Amrita University, Kochi 682041, Kerala, India
| | - Arun Valsan
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences & Research Centre, Amrita University, Kochi 682041, Kerala, India
| | - Cyriac Abby Philips
- Department of Clinical and Translational Hepatology, The Liver Institute, Rajagiri Hospital, Aluva, Kerala, India
| | - Christopher John Edward Watson
- University of Cambridge and Honorary Consultant Surgeon, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 OQQ, UK
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yaghmur A, Østergaard J, Mu H. Lipid nanoparticles for targeted delivery of anticancer therapeutics: Recent advances in development of siRNA and lipoprotein-mimicking nanocarriers. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 203:115136. [PMID: 37944644 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.115136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
The limitations inherent in conventional cancer treatment methods have stimulated recent efforts towards the design of safe nanomedicines with high efficacy for combating cancer through various promising approaches. A plethora of nanoparticles has been introduced in the development of cancer nanomedicines. Among them, different lipid nanoparticles are attractive for use due to numerous advantages and unique opportunities, including biocompatibility and targeted drug delivery. However, a comprehensive understanding of nano-bio interactions is imperative to facilitate the translation of recent advancements in the development of cancer nanomedicines into clinical practice. In this contribution, we focus on lipoprotein-mimicking nanoparticles, which possess unique features and compositions facilitating drug transport through receptor binding mechanisms. Additionally, we describe potential applications of siRNA lipid nanoparticles in the future design of anticancer nanomedicines. Thus, this review highlights recent progress, challenges, and opportunities of lipid-based lipoprotein-mimicking nanoparticles and siRNA nanocarriers designed for the targeted delivery of anticancer therapeutic agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anan Yaghmur
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jesper Østergaard
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Huiling Mu
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Powers HR, Jenjak SE, Volkman BF, Sahoo D. Development and validation of a purification system for functional full-length human SR-B1 and CD36. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105187. [PMID: 37625590 PMCID: PMC10509710 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Scavenger receptor class B type 1 (SR-B1) and CD36 are both members of the class B scavenger receptor family that play important roles in lipoprotein metabolism and atherosclerotic disease. SR-B1 is the primary receptor for high-density lipoproteins, while CD36 is the receptor responsible for the internalization of oxidized low-density lipoproteins. Despite their importance, class B scavenger receptor structure has only been studied by functional domain or peptide fragments-there are currently no reports of utilizing purified full-length protein. Here we report the successful expression and purification of full-length human SR-B1 and CD36 using an Spodoptera frugiperda insect cell system. We demonstrate that both SR-B1 and CD36 retained their normal functions in Spodoptera frugiperda cells, including lipoprotein binding, lipid transport, and the formation of higher order oligomers in the plasma membrane. Purification schemes for both scavenger receptors were optimized and their purity was confirmed by SDS-PAGE. Both purified scavenger receptors were assessed for stability by thermal shift assay and shown to maintain stable melting temperatures up to 6 weeks post-purification. Microscale thermophoresis was used to demonstrate that purified SR-B1 and CD36 were able to bind their native lipoprotein ligands. Further, there was no difference in affinity of SR-B1 for high-density lipoprotein or CD36 for oxidized low-density lipoprotein, when comparing glycosylated and deglycosylated receptors. These studies mark a significant step forward in creating physiologically relevant tools to study scavenger receptor function and lay the groundwork for future functional studies and determination of receptor structure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hayley R Powers
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Shawn E Jenjak
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Brian F Volkman
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Daisy Sahoo
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA; Division of Endocrinology & Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA; Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Staršíchová A. SR-B1-/-ApoE-R61h/h Mice Mimic Human Coronary Heart Disease. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2023:10.1007/s10557-023-07475-8. [PMID: 37273155 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-023-07475-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death in the modern world. Atherosclerosis underlies the majority of these pathologies and may result in sudden life-threatening events such as myocardial infarction or stroke. Current concepts consider a rupture (resp. erosion) of "unstable/vulnerable" atherosclerotic plaques as a primary cause leading to thrombus formation and subsequent occlusion of the artery lumen finally triggering an acute clinical event. We and others described SR-B1-/-ApoE-R61h/h mice mimicking clinical coronary heart disease in all major aspects: from coronary atherosclerosis through vulnerable plaque ruptures leading to thrombus formation/coronary artery occlusion, finally resulting in myocardial infarction/ischemia. SR-B1-/-ApoE-R61h/h mouse provides a valuable model to study vulnerable/occlusive plaques, to evaluate bioactive compounds as well as new anti-inflammatory and "anti-rupture" drugs, and to test new technologies in experimental cardiovascular medicine. This review summarizes and discuss our knowledge about SR-B1-/-ApoE-R61h/h mouse model based on recent publications and experimental observations from the lab.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Staršíchová
- Graduate School Cell Dynamics and Disease, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany.
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany.
- Novogenia Covid GmbH, Eugendorf, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Verwilligen RAF, Mulder L, Araújo PM, Carneiro M, Bussmann J, Hoekstra M, Van Eck M. Zebrafish as outgroup model to study evolution of scavenger receptor class B type I functions. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2023; 1868:159308. [PMID: 36931457 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2023.159308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Scavenger receptor class B1 (SCARB1) - also known as the high-density lipoprotein (HDL) receptor - is a multi-ligand scavenger receptor that is primarily expressed in liver and steroidogenic organs. This receptor is known for its function in reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) in mammals and hence disruption leads to a massive increase in HDL cholesterol in these species. The extracellular domain of SCARB1 - which is important for cholesterol handling - is highly conserved across multiple vertebrates, except in zebrafish. METHODS To examine the functional conservation of SCARB1 among vertebrates, two stable scarb1 knockout zebrafish lines, scarb1 715delA (scarb1 -1 nt) and scarb1 715_716insGG (scarb1 +2 nt), were created using CRISPR-Cas9 technology. RESULTS We demonstrate that, in zebrafish, SCARB1 deficiency leads to disruption of carotenoid-based pigmentation, reduced fertility, and a decreased larvae survival rate, whereas steroidogenesis was unaltered. The observed reduced fertility is driven by defects in female fertility (-50 %, p < 0.001). Importantly, these alterations were independent of changes in free (wild-type 2.4 ± 0.2 μg/μl versus scarb1-/- 2.0 ± 0.1 μg/μl) as well as total (wild-type 4.2 ± 0.4 μg/μl versus scarb1-/- 4.0 ± 0.3 μg/μl) plasma cholesterol levels. Uptake of HDL in the liver of scarb1-/- zebrafish larvae was reduced (-86.7 %, p < 0.001), but this coincided with reduced perfusion of the liver. No effect was observed on lipoprotein uptake in the caudal vein. SCARB1 deficient canaries, which also lack carotenoids in their plumage, similarly as scarb1-/- zebrafish, failed to show an increase in plasma free- and total cholesterol levels. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that the specific function of SCARB1 in maintaining plasma cholesterol could be an evolutionary novelty that became prominent in mammals, while other known functions were already present earlier during vertebrate evolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robin A F Verwilligen
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - Lindsay Mulder
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Pedro M Araújo
- University of Coimbra, MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Department Life Sciences, Coimbra, Portugal; CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO, Universidade do Porto, Vairão, Portugal; BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Vairão, Portugal
| | - Miguel Carneiro
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO, Universidade do Porto, Vairão, Portugal; BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Vairão, Portugal
| | - Jeroen Bussmann
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Menno Hoekstra
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands; Division of Systems Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands; Pharmacy Leiden, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Miranda Van Eck
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands; Division of Systems Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands; Pharmacy Leiden, Leiden, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Powers HR, Sahoo D. SR-B1's Next Top Model: Structural Perspectives on the Functions of the HDL Receptor. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2022; 24:277-288. [PMID: 35107765 PMCID: PMC8809234 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-022-01001-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The binding of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) to its primary receptor, scavenger receptor class B type 1 (SR-B1), is critical for lowering plasma cholesterol levels and reducing cardiovascular disease risk. This review provides novel insights into how the structural elements of SR-B1 drive efficient function with an emphasis on bidirectional cholesterol transport. RECENT FINDINGS We have generated a new homology model of full-length human SR-B1 based on the recent resolution of the partial structures of other class B scavenger receptors. Interrogating this model against previously published observations allows us to generate structurally informed hypotheses about SR-B1's ability to mediate HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) transport. Furthermore, we provide a structural perspective as to why human variants of SR-B1 may result in impaired HDL-C clearance. A comprehensive understanding of SR-B1's structure-function relationships is critical to the development of therapeutic agents targeting SR-B1 and modulating cardiovascular disease risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hayley R. Powers
- grid.30760.320000 0001 2111 8460Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI USA
| | - Daisy Sahoo
- grid.30760.320000 0001 2111 8460Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI USA ,grid.30760.320000 0001 2111 8460Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology & Molecular Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI USA ,grid.30760.320000 0001 2111 8460Cardiovascular Center, H4930 Health Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 W. Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhou E, Li Z, Nakashima H, Liu C, Ying Z, Foks AC, Berbée JFP, van Dijk KW, Rensen PCN, Wang Y. Hepatic Scavenger Receptor Class B Type 1 Knockdown Reduces Atherosclerosis and Enhances the Antiatherosclerotic Effect of Brown Fat Activation in APOE*3-Leiden.CETP Mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2021; 41:1474-1486. [PMID: 33567866 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.121.315882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adipose Tissue, Brown/drug effects
- Adipose Tissue, Brown/metabolism
- Adrenergic beta-3 Receptor Agonists/pharmacology
- Animals
- Apolipoprotein E3/genetics
- Apolipoprotein E3/metabolism
- Atherosclerosis/genetics
- Atherosclerosis/metabolism
- Atherosclerosis/pathology
- Atherosclerosis/prevention & control
- Biomarkers/blood
- Cholesterol Ester Transfer Proteins/genetics
- Cholesterol Ester Transfer Proteins/metabolism
- Dioxoles/pharmacology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Gene Knockdown Techniques
- Humans
- Lipids/blood
- Lipolysis/drug effects
- Liver/metabolism
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic
- RNA Interference
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- RNA, Small Interfering/metabolism
- Scavenger Receptors, Class B/deficiency
- Scavenger Receptors, Class B/genetics
- Mice
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Enchen Zhou
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine (E.Z., Z.L., H.N., C.L., Z.Y., J.F.P.B., KW.v.D., P.C.N.R., Y.W.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - Zhuang Li
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine (E.Z., Z.L., H.N., C.L., Z.Y., J.F.P.B., KW.v.D., P.C.N.R., Y.W.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - Hiroyuki Nakashima
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine (E.Z., Z.L., H.N., C.L., Z.Y., J.F.P.B., KW.v.D., P.C.N.R., Y.W.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - Cong Liu
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine (E.Z., Z.L., H.N., C.L., Z.Y., J.F.P.B., KW.v.D., P.C.N.R., Y.W.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - Zhixiong Ying
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine (E.Z., Z.L., H.N., C.L., Z.Y., J.F.P.B., KW.v.D., P.C.N.R., Y.W.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - Amanda C Foks
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, The Netherlands (A.C.F.)
| | - Jimmy F P Berbée
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine (E.Z., Z.L., H.N., C.L., Z.Y., J.F.P.B., KW.v.D., P.C.N.R., Y.W.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - Ko Willems van Dijk
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine (E.Z., Z.L., H.N., C.L., Z.Y., J.F.P.B., KW.v.D., P.C.N.R., Y.W.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics (K.W.v.D.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick C N Rensen
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine (E.Z., Z.L., H.N., C.L., Z.Y., J.F.P.B., KW.v.D., P.C.N.R., Y.W.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, China (P.C.N.R., Y.W.)
| | - Yanan Wang
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine (E.Z., Z.L., H.N., C.L., Z.Y., J.F.P.B., KW.v.D., P.C.N.R., Y.W.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, China (P.C.N.R., Y.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
SR-BI deficiency disassociates obesity from hepatic steatosis and glucose intolerance development in high fat diet-fed mice. J Nutr Biochem 2021; 89:108564. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2020.108564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
|
10
|
Galle-Treger L, Moreau M, Ballaire R, Poupel L, Huby T, Sasso E, Troise F, Poti F, Lesnik P, Le Goff W, Gautier EL, Huby T. Targeted invalidation of SR-B1 in macrophages reduces macrophage apoptosis and accelerates atherosclerosis. Cardiovasc Res 2020; 116:554-565. [PMID: 31119270 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvz138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS SR-B1 is a cholesterol transporter that exerts anti-atherogenic properties in liver and peripheral tissues in mice. Bone marrow (BM) transfer studies suggested an atheroprotective role in cells of haematopoietic origin. Here, we addressed the specific contribution of SR-B1 in the monocyte/macrophage. METHODS AND RESULTS We generated mice deficient for SR-B1 in monocytes/macrophages (Lysm-Cre × SR-B1f/f) and transplanted their BM into Ldlr-/- mice. Fed a cholesterol-rich diet, these mice displayed accelerated aortic atherosclerosis characterized by larger macrophage-rich areas and decreased macrophage apoptosis compared with SR-B1f/f transplanted controls. These findings were reproduced in BM transfer studies using another atherogenic mouse recipient (SR-B1 KOliver × Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein). Haematopoietic reconstitution with SR-B1-/- BM conducted in parallel generated similar results to those obtained with Lysm-Cre × SR-B1f/f BM; thus suggesting that among haematopoietic-derived cells, SR-B1 exerts its atheroprotective role primarily in monocytes/macrophages. Consistent with our in vivo data, free cholesterol (FC)-induced apoptosis of macrophages was diminished in the absence of SR-B1. This effect could not be attributed to differential cellular cholesterol loading. However, we observed that expression of apoptosis inhibitor of macrophage (AIM) was induced in SR-B1-deficient macrophages, and notably upon FC-loading. Furthermore, we demonstrated that macrophages were protected from FC-induced apoptosis by AIM. Finally, AIM protein was found more present within the macrophage-rich area of the atherosclerotic lesions of SR-B1-deficient macrophages than controls. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that macrophage SR-B1 plays a role in plaque growth by controlling macrophage apoptosis in an AIM-dependent manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Martine Moreau
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, UMR_S 1166 ICAN, F-75013, Paris, France
| | | | - Lucie Poupel
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, UMR_S 1166 ICAN, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Huby
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, UMR_S 1166 ICAN, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Emanuele Sasso
- Ceinge Biotecnologie Avanzate S.C.R.L, Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145, Napoli, Italy.,Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Napoli Federico II, 80131, Napoli, Italy
| | - Fulvia Troise
- Ceinge Biotecnologie Avanzate S.C.R.L, Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145, Napoli, Italy
| | - Francesco Poti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Unit of Neurosciences, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Philippe Lesnik
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, UMR_S 1166 ICAN, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Wilfried Le Goff
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, UMR_S 1166 ICAN, F-75013, Paris, France
| | | | - Thierry Huby
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, UMR_S 1166 ICAN, F-75013, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Hoekstra M. Identification of scavenger receptor BI as a potential screening candidate for congenital primary adrenal insufficiency in humans. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2020; 319:E102-E104. [PMID: 32369415 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00069.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids belong to the superfamily of steroid hormones that are synthesized from the common precursor cholesterol. Adrenal gland-derived glucocorticoids, e.g., cortisol in humans and corticosterone in rodents, contribute to various processes essential for normal daily life. Glucocorticoid deficiency, also referred to as primary adrenal insufficiency, therefore, often becomes evident early in life and can be present with hypoglycemia, a failure to thrive, recurrent development of infections, and neurological problems, such as seizures and coma. The majority of congenital primary adrenal insufficiency cases are caused by deleterious mutations in genes involved in the intracellular mobilization of cholesterol and the subsequent conversion of cholesterol into glucocorticoids. A significant number of glucocorticoid deficiency cases, however, cannot be explained by known genetic variations. This perspective highlights existing literature regarding the importance of lipoprotein-derived cholesterol acquisition through scavenger receptor class B, type I (SR-BI/SCARB1) for the maintenance of an optimal adrenal glucocorticoid function in mice and humans. On the basis of the reviewed findings, it is suggested that the SCARB1 gene should be included in the standard glucocorticoid deficiency genetic screening panel to 1) facilitate knowledge development on the relative contribution of SR-BI-mediated cholesterol acquisition to steroid hormone synthesis in humans and 2) open up the possibility to reclassify glucocorticoid deficiency patients without a currently known genetic cause for concomitant treatment optimization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Menno Hoekstra
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
van der Sluis RJ, Hoekstra M. Glucocorticoids are active players and therapeutic targets in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 504:110728. [PMID: 31968221 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.110728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Adrenal-derived glucocorticoids mediate the physiological response to stress. Chronic disturbances in glucocorticoid homeostasis, i.e. in Addison's and Cushing's disease patients, predispose to the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Here we review preclinical and clinical findings regarding the relation between changes in plasma glucocorticoid levels and the atherosclerosis extent. It appears that, although the altered glucocorticoid function can in most cases be restored in the different patient groups, current therapies do not necessarily reverse the associated risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. In our opinion much attention should therefore be given to the development of a Cushing's disease mouse model that can (1) effectively replicate the effect of hypercortisolemia on atherosclerosis outcome observed in humans and (2) be used to investigate, in a preclinical setting, the relative impact on atherosclerosis susceptibility of already available (e.g. metyrapone) and potentially novel (i.e. SR-BI activity modulators) therapeutic agents that target the adrenal glucocorticoid output.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ronald J van der Sluis
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Gorlaeus Laboratories, Einsteinweg 55, 2333CC, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Menno Hoekstra
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Gorlaeus Laboratories, Einsteinweg 55, 2333CC, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Xu Y, Li F, Zhao X, Tan C, Wang B, Chen Y, Cao J, Wu D, Yu H. Methionine sulfoxide reductase A attenuates atherosclerosis via repairing dysfunctional HDL in scavenger receptor class B type I deficient mice. FASEB J 2020; 34:3805-3819. [PMID: 31975555 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902429r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
High-density lipoprotein (HDL), a well-known atheroprotective factor, can be converted to proatherogenic particles in chronic inflammation. HDL-targeted therapeutic strategy for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) is currently under development. This study aims to assess the role of methionine sulfoxide reductase A (MsrA) in abnormal HDL and its related disorders in scavenger receptor class B type I deficient (SR-BI-/- ) mice. First, we demonstrated that MsrA overexpression attenuated ROS level and inflammation in HepG2 cells. For the in vivo study, SR-BI-/- mice were intravenously injected with lentivirus to achieve hepatic MsrA overexpression. High-level hepatic MsrA significantly reduced the plasma free cholesterol contents, improved HDL functional proteins apolipoprotein A-I (apoAI), apoE, paraoxonase1 (PON1), and lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT), while decreased the pro-inflammatory property of dysfunctional HDL, contributing to reduced atherosclerosis and hepatic steatosis in Western diet-fed mice. Furthermore, the study revealed that hepatic MsrA altered the expression of several genes controlling HDL biogenesis, cholesterol esterification, cholesterol uptake mediated by low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) and biliary excretion, as well as suppressed nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway, which largely relied on liver X receptor alpha (LXRα)-upregulation. These results provide original evidence that MsrA may be a promising target for the therapy of dysfunctional HDL-related CVD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanyong Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Feifei Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaojie Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Chenkun Tan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Binyi Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yiyong Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Jia Cao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Dongfang Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Hoekstra M, van der Sluis RJ, Hildebrand RB, Lammers B, Zhao Y, Praticò D, van Berkel TJC, Rensen PCN, Kooijman S, Jauhiainen M, van Eck M. Disruption of Phospholipid Transfer Protein-Mediated High-Density Lipoprotein Maturation Reduces Scavenger Receptor BI Deficiency-Driven Atherosclerosis Susceptibility Despite Unexpected Metabolic Complications. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 40:611-623. [PMID: 31941380 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.119.313862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We tested the hypothesis that enlarged, dysfunctional HDL (high-density lipoprotein) particles contribute to the augmented atherosclerosis susceptibility associated with SR-BI (scavenger receptor BI) deficiency in mice. Approach and Results: We eliminated the ability of HDL particles to fully mature by targeting PLTP (phospholipid transfer protein) functionality. Particle size of the HDL population was almost fully normalized in male and female SR-BI×PLTP double knockout mice. In contrast, the plasma unesterified cholesterol to cholesteryl ester ratio remained elevated. The PLTP deficiency-induced reduction in HDL size in SR-BI knockout mice resulted in a normalized aortic tissue oxidative stress status on Western-type diet. Atherosclerosis susceptibility was-however-only partially reversed in double knockout mice, which can likely be attributed to the fact that they developed a metabolic syndrome-like phenotype characterized by obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, and a reduced glucose tolerance. Mechanistic studies in chow diet-fed mice revealed that the diminished glucose tolerance was probably secondary to the exaggerated postprandial triglyceride response. The absence of PLTP did not affect LPL (lipoprotein lipase)-mediated triglyceride lipolysis but rather modified the ability of VLDL (very low-density lipoprotein)/chylomicron remnants to be cleared from the circulation by the liver through receptors other than SR-BI. As a result, livers of double knockout mice only cleared 26% of the fractional dose of [14C]cholesteryl oleate after intravenous VLDL-like particle injection. CONCLUSIONS We have shown that disruption of PLTP-mediated HDL maturation reduces SR-BI deficiency-driven atherosclerosis susceptibility in mice despite the induction of proatherogenic metabolic complications in the double knockout mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Menno Hoekstra
- From the Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, The Netherlands (M.H., R.J.v.d.S., R.B.H., B.L., Y.Z., T.J.C.v.B., M.v.E.)
| | - Ronald J van der Sluis
- From the Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, The Netherlands (M.H., R.J.v.d.S., R.B.H., B.L., Y.Z., T.J.C.v.B., M.v.E.)
| | - Reeni B Hildebrand
- From the Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, The Netherlands (M.H., R.J.v.d.S., R.B.H., B.L., Y.Z., T.J.C.v.B., M.v.E.)
| | - Bart Lammers
- From the Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, The Netherlands (M.H., R.J.v.d.S., R.B.H., B.L., Y.Z., T.J.C.v.B., M.v.E.)
| | - Ying Zhao
- From the Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, The Netherlands (M.H., R.J.v.d.S., R.B.H., B.L., Y.Z., T.J.C.v.B., M.v.E.)
| | - Domenico Praticò
- Alzheimer's Center at Temple, Department of Pharmacology, Philadelphia, PA (D.P.)
| | - Theo J C van Berkel
- From the Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, The Netherlands (M.H., R.J.v.d.S., R.B.H., B.L., Y.Z., T.J.C.v.B., M.v.E.)
| | | | - Sander Kooijman
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine (P.C.N.R., S.K.)
| | - Matti Jauhiainen
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (P.C.N.R., S.K)
| | - Miranda van Eck
- From the Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, The Netherlands (M.H., R.J.v.d.S., R.B.H., B.L., Y.Z., T.J.C.v.B., M.v.E.)
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Martins Cardoso R, Creemers E, Absalah S, Hoekstra M, Gooris GS, Bouwstra JA, Van Eck M. Hyperalphalipoproteinemic scavenger receptor BI knockout mice exhibit a disrupted epidermal lipid barrier. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2019; 1865:158592. [PMID: 31863970 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2019.158592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI) mediates the selective uptake of cholesteryl esters (CE) from high-density lipoproteins (HDL). An impaired SR-BI function leads to hyperalphalipoproteinemia with elevated levels of cholesterol transported in the HDL fraction. Accumulation of cholesterol in apolipoprotein B (apoB)-containing lipoproteins has been shown to alter skin lipid composition and barrier function in mice. To investigate whether these hypercholesterolemic effects on the skin also occur in hyperalphalipoproteinemia, we compared skins of wild-type and SR-BI knockout (SR-BI-/-) mice. SR-BI deficiency did not affect the epidermal cholesterol content and induced only minor changes in the ceramide subclasses. The epidermal free fatty acid (FFA) pool was, however, enriched in short and unsaturated chains. Plasma CE levels strongly correlated with epidermal FFA C18:1 content. The increase in epidermal FFA coincided with downregulation of cholesterol and FFA synthesis genes, suggesting a compensatory response to increased flux of plasma cholesterol and FFAs into the skin. Importantly, the SR-BI-/- epidermal lipid barrier showed increased permeability to ethyl-paraminobenzoic acid, indicating an impairment of the barrier function. In conclusion, increased HDL-cholesterol levels in SR-BI-/- mice can alter the epidermal lipid composition and lipid barrier function similarly as observed in hypercholesterolemia due to elevated levels of apoB-containing lipoproteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renata Martins Cardoso
- Division BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, Zuid-Holland, the Netherlands.
| | - Eline Creemers
- Division BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, Zuid-Holland, the Netherlands
| | - Samira Absalah
- Division BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, Zuid-Holland, the Netherlands.
| | - Menno Hoekstra
- Division BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, Zuid-Holland, the Netherlands.
| | - Gert S Gooris
- Division BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, Zuid-Holland, the Netherlands.
| | - Joke A Bouwstra
- Division BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, Zuid-Holland, the Netherlands.
| | - Miranda Van Eck
- Division BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, Zuid-Holland, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
Our understanding of the role of the vascular endothelium has evolved over the past 2 decades, with the recognition that it is a dynamically regulated organ and that it plays a nodal role in a variety of physiological and pathological processes. Endothelial cells (ECs) are not only a barrier between the circulation and peripheral tissues, but also actively regulate vascular tone, blood flow, and platelet function. Dysregulation of ECs contributes to pathological conditions such as vascular inflammation, atherosclerosis, hypertension, cardiomyopathy, retinopathy, neuropathy, and cancer. The close anatomic relationship between vascular endothelium and highly vascularized metabolic organs/tissues suggests that the crosstalk between ECs and these organs is vital for both vascular and metabolic homeostasis. Numerous reports support that hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, and other metabolic stresses result in endothelial dysfunction and vascular complications. However, how ECs may regulate metabolic homeostasis remains poorly understood. Emerging data suggest that the vascular endothelium plays an unexpected role in the regulation of metabolic homeostasis and that endothelial dysregulation directly contributes to the development of metabolic disorders. Here, we review recent studies about the pivotal role of ECs in glucose and lipid homeostasis. In particular, we introduce the concept that the endothelium adjusts its barrier function to control the transendothelial transport of fatty acids, lipoproteins, LPLs (lipoprotein lipases), glucose, and insulin. In addition, we summarize reports that ECs communicate with metabolic cells through EC-secreted factors and we discuss how endothelial dysregulation contributes directly to the development of obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, cognitive defects, and fatty liver disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinchun Pi
- From the Section of Athero & Lipo, Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (X.P., L.X.)
| | - Liang Xie
- From the Section of Athero & Lipo, Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (X.P., L.X.)
| | - Cam Patterson
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock (C.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
van der Sluis RJ, Depuydt MAC, Verwilligen RAF, Hoekstra M, Van Eck M. Elimination of adrenocortical apolipoprotein E production does not impact glucocorticoid output in wild-type mice. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2019; 490:21-27. [PMID: 30953750 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein E (APOE) deficient mice exhibit unexplained hypercorticosteronemia. Given that APOE is also produced locally within the adrenals, we evaluated the effect of adrenal-specific APOE deficiency on the glucocorticoid function. Hereto, one adrenal containing or lacking APOE was transplanted into adrenalectomized wild-type mice. Adrenal APOE deficiency did not impact adrenal total cholesterol levels. Importantly, the ability of the two adrenal types to produce glucocorticoids was also not different as judged from the similar plasma corticosterone levels. Adrenal mRNA expression levels of HMG-CoA reductase and the LDL receptor were decreased by respectively 72% (p < 0.01) and 65% (p = 0.07), suggesting that cholesterol acquisition pathways were inhibited to possibly compensate the lack of APOE. In support, a parallel increase in the expression level of the cholesterol accumulation-associated ER stress marker CHOP was detected (+117%; p < 0.05). In conclusion, our studies show that elimination of adrenocortical APOE production does not impact glucocorticoid output in wild-type mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ronald J van der Sluis
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, 2333CC, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - Marie A C Depuydt
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, 2333CC, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Robin A F Verwilligen
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, 2333CC, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Menno Hoekstra
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, 2333CC, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Miranda Van Eck
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, 2333CC, Leiden, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Ouweneel AB, Hoekstra M, van der Wel EJ, Schaftenaar FH, Snip OS, Hassan J, Korporaal SJ, Van Eck M. Hypercholesterolemia impairs megakaryopoiesis and platelet production in scavenger receptor BI knockout mice. Atherosclerosis 2019; 282:176-182. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2018.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
|
19
|
Yu XH, Zhang DW, Zheng XL, Tang CK. Cholesterol transport system: An integrated cholesterol transport model involved in atherosclerosis. Prog Lipid Res 2018; 73:65-91. [PMID: 30528667 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, the pathological basis of most cardiovascular disease (CVD), is closely associated with cholesterol accumulation in the arterial intima. Excessive cholesterol is removed by the reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) pathway, representing a major antiatherogenic mechanism. In addition to the RCT, other pathways are required for maintaining the whole-body cholesterol homeostasis. Thus, we propose a working model of integrated cholesterol transport, termed the cholesterol transport system (CTS), to describe body cholesterol metabolism. The novel model not only involves the classical view of RCT but also contains other steps, such as cholesterol absorption in the small intestine, low-density lipoprotein uptake by the liver, and transintestinal cholesterol excretion. Extensive studies have shown that dysfunctional CTS is one of the major causes for hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis. Currently, several drugs are available to improve the CTS efficiently. There are also several therapeutic approaches that have entered into clinical trials and shown considerable promise for decreasing the risk of CVD. In recent years, a variety of novel findings reveal the molecular mechanisms for the CTS and its role in the development of atherosclerosis, thereby providing novel insights into the understanding of whole-body cholesterol transport and metabolism. In this review, we summarize the latest advances in this area with an emphasis on the therapeutic potential of targeting the CTS in CVD patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hua Yu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Medical Research Experiment Center, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Da-Wei Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics and Group on the Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids, University of Alberta, Alberta, Canada
| | - Xi-Long Zheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Health Sciences Center, 3330 Hospital Dr NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Chao-Ke Tang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Medical Research Experiment Center, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Feng YH, Zheng L, Wei J, Yu MM, Zhang J, Luo GH, Xu N. Increased apolipoprotein M induced by lack of scavenger receptor BI is not activated via HDL-mediated cholesterol uptake in hepatocytes. Lipids Health Dis 2018; 17:200. [PMID: 30144814 PMCID: PMC6109342 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-018-0849-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Scavenger receptor BI (SR-BI) is a classic high-density lipoprotein (HDL) receptor, which mediates selective lipid uptake from HDL cholesterol esters (HDL-C). Apolipoprotein M (ApoM), as a component of HDL particles, could influence preβ-HDL formation and cholesterol efflux. The aim of this study was to determine whether SR-BI deficiency influenced the expression of ApoM. Methods Blood samples and liver tissues were collected from SR-BI gene knockout mice, and serum lipid parameters, including total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C and LDL-C) and ApoM were measured. Hepatic ApoM and ApoAI mRNA levels were also determined. In addition, BLT-1, an inhibitor of SR-BI, was added to HepG2 cells cultured with cholesterol and HDL, under serum or serum-free conditions. The mRNA and protein expression levels of ApoM were detected by RT-PCR and western blot. Results We found that increased serum ApoM protein levels corresponded with high hepatic ApoM mRNA levels in both male and female SR-BI−/− mice. Besides, serum TC and HDL-C were also significantly increased. Treatment of HepG2 hepatoma cells with SR-BI specific inhibitor, BLT-1, could up-regulate ApoM expression in serum-containing medium but not in serum-free medium, even in the presence of HDL-C and cholesterol. Conclusions Results suggested that SR-BI deficiency promoted ApoM expression, but the increased ApoM might be independent from HDL-mediated cholesterol uptake in hepatocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Hua Feng
- Comprehensive Laboratory, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Changzhou, 213003, China
| | - Lu Zheng
- Comprehensive Laboratory, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Changzhou, 213003, China
| | - Jiang Wei
- Comprehensive Laboratory, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Changzhou, 213003, China
| | - Miao-Mei Yu
- Comprehensive Laboratory, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Changzhou, 213003, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Comprehensive Laboratory, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Changzhou, 213003, China
| | - Guang-Hua Luo
- Comprehensive Laboratory, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Changzhou, 213003, China.
| | - Ning Xu
- Division of Clinical Chemistry and Pharmacology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lunds University, S-221 85, Lund, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Prenatal caffeine ingestion induces long-term alterations in scavenger receptor class B type I expression and glucocorticoid synthesis in adult male offspring rat adrenals. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 120:24-31. [PMID: 29958987 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.06.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Caffeine is contained within many drinks and food that are consumed daily. Prenatal caffeine ingestion (PCI) is a risk factor for intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR). We previously observed that PCI inhibits scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI)-mediated cholesterol uptake in fetal adrenals, subsequently decreasing glucocorticoid synthesis and inducing IUGR. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the long-term effects of PCI on adrenal glucocorticoid synthesis in adult male offspring rats. After establishing the PCI-induced IUGR, adult male offspring was injected intraperitoneally with 5 mg/kg·d lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 2 days to induce acute stress. We observed persistent inhibition of SR-BI expression in PCI adrenals before and after stress. Compared with the controls, the PCI offspring had higher corticosterone concentrations after stress. The serum cholesterol concentration was stable without intergroup differences before and after stress. The cholesterol concentration in PCI adrenals showed a higher decrease rate than that of the control after stress. In summary, PCI induced long-term alterations in SR-BI expression and glucocorticoid synthesis in adult male offspring rat adrenals. Cholesterol has to be over-consumed in PCI adrenals against acute stress. This study provides an experimental basis to explain the susceptibility of IUGR offspring to metabolic diseases in adults.
Collapse
|
22
|
Zanoni P, Velagapudi S, Yalcinkaya M, Rohrer L, von Eckardstein A. Endocytosis of lipoproteins. Atherosclerosis 2018; 275:273-295. [PMID: 29980055 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2018.06.881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
During their metabolism, all lipoproteins undergo endocytosis, either to be degraded intracellularly, for example in hepatocytes or macrophages, or to be re-secreted, for example in the course of transcytosis by endothelial cells. Moreover, there are several examples of internalized lipoproteins sequestered intracellularly, possibly to exert intracellular functions, for example the cytolysis of trypanosoma. Endocytosis and the subsequent intracellular itinerary of lipoproteins hence are key areas for understanding the regulation of plasma lipid levels as well as the biological functions of lipoproteins. Indeed, the identification of the low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-receptor and the unraveling of its transcriptional regulation led to the elucidation of familial hypercholesterolemia as well as to the development of statins, the most successful therapeutics for lowering of cholesterol levels and risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. Novel limiting factors of intracellular trafficking of LDL and the LDL receptor continue to be discovered and to provide drug targets such as PCSK9. Surprisingly, the receptors mediating endocytosis of high-density lipoproteins or lipoprotein(a) are still a matter of controversy or even new discovery. Finally, the receptors and mechanisms, which mediate the uptake of lipoproteins into non-degrading intracellular itineraries for re-secretion (transcytosis, retroendocytosis), storage, or execution of intracellular functions, are largely unknown.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Zanoni
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University and University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Centre for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Srividya Velagapudi
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University and University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Centre for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mustafa Yalcinkaya
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University and University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Centre for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lucia Rohrer
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University and University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Centre for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Arnold von Eckardstein
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University and University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Centre for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Lee SX, Heine M, Schlein C, Ramakrishnan R, Liu J, Belnavis G, Haimi I, Fischer AW, Ginsberg HN, Heeren J, Rinninger F, Haeusler RA. FoxO transcription factors are required for hepatic HDL cholesterol clearance. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:1615-1626. [PMID: 29408809 DOI: 10.1172/jci94230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes are associated with low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). The insulin-repressible FoxO transcription factors are potential mediators of the effect of insulin on HDL-C. FoxOs mediate a substantial portion of insulin-regulated transcription, and poor FoxO repression is thought to contribute to the excessive glucose production in diabetes. In this work, we show that mice with liver-specific triple FoxO knockout (L-FoxO1,3,4), which are known to have reduced hepatic glucose production, also have increased HDL-C. This was associated with decreased expression of the HDL-C clearance factors scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI) and hepatic lipase and defective selective uptake of HDL cholesteryl ester by the liver. The phenotype could be rescued by re-expression of SR-BI. These findings demonstrate that hepatic FoxOs are required for cholesterol homeostasis and HDL-mediated reverse cholesterol transport to the liver.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel X Lee
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA
| | - Markus Heine
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Schlein
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Rajasekhar Ramakrishnan
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA
| | - Gabriella Belnavis
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ido Haimi
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA
| | - Alexander W Fischer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Henry N Ginsberg
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA
| | - Joerg Heeren
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Franz Rinninger
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine III, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Rebecca A Haeusler
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Ren K, Zhu X, Zheng Z, Mo ZC, Peng XS, Zeng YZ, Ou HX, Zhang QH, Qi HZ, Zhao GJ, Yi GH. MicroRNA-24 aggravates atherosclerosis by inhibiting selective lipid uptake from HDL cholesterol via the post-transcriptional repression of scavenger receptor class B type I. Atherosclerosis 2018; 270:57-67. [PMID: 29407889 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2018.01.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Liver scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI) exerts atheroprotective effects through selective lipid uptake (SLU) from high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Low hepatic SR-BI expression leads to high HDL-C levels in the circulation and an increased risk of atherosclerosis. Furthermore, macrophage SR-BI mediates bidirectional cholesterol flux and may protect against atherogenesis. Previous studies have revealed that miR-24 is closely related to cardiovascular disease (CVD) progression. We aimed to investigate the molecular mechanisms by which miR-24 participates in SR-BI-mediated selective HDL cholesteryl ester (HDL-CE) uptake and further atherogenesis in apoE-/- mice. METHODS Bioinformatic predictions and luciferase reporter assays were utilized to detect the association between miR-24 and the SR-BI 3' untranslated region (3' UTR), and RT-PCR and western blotting were used to evaluate SR-BI mRNA and protein expression, respectively. The effects of miR-24 on Dil-HDL uptake were determined by flow cytometry assay. Double-radiolabeled HDL (125I-TC-/[3H] CEt-HDL) was utilized to measure the effects of miR-24 on HDL and CE binding and SLU in HepG2 and PMA-treated THP-1 cells. In addition, total cholesterol (TC) levels in HepG2 cells were analyzed using enzymatic methods, and macrophage lipid content was evaluated by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) assay. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) and pcDNA3.1(-)-hSR-BI plasmid transfection procedures were utilized to confirm the role of SR-BI in the effects of miR-24 on Dil-HDL uptake, SLU and cholesterol levels in both cell types. Hepatic SR-BI level in apoE-/- mice was measured by western blotting. Liver TC, FC and CE levels and plasma triglycerides (TG), TC and HDL-C levels were evaluated enzymatically using commercial test kits. Atherosclerotic lesion sizes were measured using Oil Red O and hematoxylin-eosin staining. RESULTS miR-24 directly repressed SR-BI expression by targeting its 3'UTR. In addition, miR-24 decreased Dil-HDL uptake and SLU in HepG2 and THP-1 macrophages. In the presence of HDL, miR-24 decreased TC levels in HepG2 cells and TC, free cholesterol (FC) and CE levels in macrophages. Overexpression and down-regulation assays showed that SR-BI mediated the effects of miR-24 on Dil-HDL uptake, SLU and cholesterol levels. Lastly, miR-24 administration decreased hepatic SR-BI expression and promoted atheromatous plaque formation in apoE-/- mice, findings in line with those of our in vitro studies. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that miR-24 accelerates atherogenesis by repressing SR-BI-mediated SLU from HDL-C.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Ren
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang City, 421001, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xiao Zhu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang City, 421001, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zhi Zheng
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang City, 421001, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zhong-Cheng Mo
- Department of Histology and Embryology, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Xiao-Shan Peng
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang City, 421001, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yong-Zhi Zeng
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang City, 421001, Hunan Province, China
| | - Han-Xiao Ou
- Department of Histology and Embryology, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Qing-Hai Zhang
- Clinical Research Institution, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Hui-Zhou Qi
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang City, 421001, Hunan Province, China
| | - Guo-Jun Zhao
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, 541004, China
| | - Guang-Hui Yi
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang City, 421001, Hunan Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Qian Y, Qiao S, Dai Y, Xu G, Dai B, Lu L, Yu X, Luo Q, Zhang Z. Molecular-Targeted Immunotherapeutic Strategy for Melanoma via Dual-Targeting Nanoparticles Delivering Small Interfering RNA to Tumor-Associated Macrophages. ACS NANO 2017; 11:9536-9549. [PMID: 28858473 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b05465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are a promising therapeutic target for cancer immunotherapy. Targeted delivery of therapeutic drugs to the tumor-promoting M2-like TAMs is challenging. Here, we developed M2-like TAM dual-targeting nanoparticles (M2NPs), whose structure and function were controlled by α-peptide (a scavenger receptor B type 1 (SR-B1) targeting peptide) linked with M2pep (an M2 macrophage binding peptide). By loading anti-colony stimulating factor-1 receptor (anti-CSF-1R) small interfering RNA (siRNA) on the M2NPs, we developed a molecular-targeted immunotherapeutic approach to specifically block the survival signal of M2-like TAMs and deplete them from melanoma tumors. We confirmed the validity of SR-B1 for M2-like TAM targeting and demonstrated the synergistic effect of the two targeting units (α-peptide and M2pep) in the fusion peptide (α-M2pep). After being administered to tumor-bearing mice, M2NPs had higher affinity to M2-like TAMs than to tissue-resident macrophages in liver, spleen, and lung. Compared with control treatment groups, M2NP-based siRNA delivery resulted in a dramatic elimination of M2-like TAMs (52%), decreased tumor size (87%), and prolonged survival. Additionally, this molecular-targeted strategy inhibited immunosuppressive IL-10 and TGF-β production and increased immunostimulatory cytokines (IL-12 and IFN-γ) expression and CD8+ T cell infiltration (2.9-fold) in the tumor microenvironment. Moreover, the siRNA-carrying M2NPs down-regulated expression of the exhaustion markers (PD-1 and Tim-3) on the infiltrating CD8+ T cells and stimulated their IFN-γ secretion (6.2-fold), indicating the restoration of T cell immune function. Thus, the dual-targeting property of M2NPs combined with RNA interference provides a potential strategy of molecular-targeted cancer immunotherapy for clinical application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Qian
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
- MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Sha Qiao
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
- MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Yanfeng Dai
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
- MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Guoqiang Xu
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
- MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Bolei Dai
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
- MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Lisen Lu
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
- MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Xiang Yu
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
- MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Qingming Luo
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
- MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Zhihong Zhang
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
- MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To outline the roles of SR-B1 and PDZK1 in hepatic selective HDL cholesterol uptake and reverse cholesterol transport and the consequences for atherosclerosis development. RECENT FINDINGS Much of our understanding of the physiological roles of SR-B1 and PDZK1 in HDL metabolism and atherosclerosis comes from studies of genetically manipulated mice. These show SR-B1 and PDZK1 play key roles in HDL metabolism and protection against atherosclerosis. The recent identification of rare loss of function mutations in the human SCARB1 gene verifies that it plays similar roles in HDL metabolism in humans. Other rare mutations in both the human SCARB1 and PDZK1 genes remain to be characterized but may have potentially devastating consequences to SR-B1 function. SUMMARY Identification of carriers of rare mutations in human SCARB1 and PDZK1 that impair the function of their gene products and characterization of the effects of these mutations on HDL cholesterol levels and atherosclerosis will add to our understanding of the importance of HDL function and cholesterol flux, as opposed to HDL-cholesterol levels, per se, for protection against cardiovascular disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bernardo L Trigatti
- aDepartment of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University bThrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences and McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Hoekstra M. SR-BI as target in atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease - A comprehensive appraisal of the cellular functions of SR-BI in physiology and disease. Atherosclerosis 2017; 258:153-161. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2017.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
28
|
Hoekstra M, Van Berkel TJ. Functionality of High-Density Lipoprotein as Antiatherosclerotic Therapeutic Target. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2016; 36:e87-e94. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.116.308262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Menno Hoekstra
- From the Division of Biopharmaceutics, Cluster BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Gorlaeus Laboratories, The Netherlands
| | - Theo J.C. Van Berkel
- From the Division of Biopharmaceutics, Cluster BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Gorlaeus Laboratories, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Trigatti BL, Hegele RA. Rare Genetic Variants and High-Density Lipoprotein. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2016; 36:e53-5. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.116.307688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bernardo L. Trigatti
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (B.L.T.); Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (B.L.T.); and Department of Medicine and Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada (R.A.H.)
| | - Robert A. Hegele
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (B.L.T.); Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (B.L.T.); and Department of Medicine and Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada (R.A.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Brinck JW, Thomas A, Lauer E, Jornayvaz FR, Brulhart-Meynet MC, Prost JC, Pataky Z, Löfgren P, Hoffstedt J, Eriksson M, Pramfalk C, Morel S, Kwak BR, van Eck M, James RW, Frias MA. Diabetes Mellitus Is Associated With Reduced High-Density Lipoprotein Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Content and Impaired High-Density Lipoprotein Cardiac Cell Protection. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2016; 36:817-24. [PMID: 26966278 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.115.307049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The dyslipidemia of type 2 diabetes mellitus has multiple etiologies and impairs lipoprotein functionality, thereby increasing risk for cardiovascular disease. High-density lipoproteins (HDLs) have several beneficial effects, notably protecting the heart from myocardial ischemia. We hypothesized that glycation of HDL could compromise this cardioprotective effect. APPROACH AND RESULTS We used in vitro (cardiomyocytes) and ex vivo (whole heart) models subjected to oxidative stress together with HDL isolated from diabetic patients and nondiabetic HDL glycated in vitro (methylglyoxal). Diabetic and in vitro glycated HDL were less effective (P<0.05) than control HDL in protecting from oxidative stress. Protection was significantly, inversely correlated with the degree of in vitro glycation (P<0.001) and the levels of hemoglobin A1c in diabetic patients (P<0.007). The ability to activate protective, intracellular survival pathways involving Akt, Stat3, and Erk1/2 was significantly reduced (P<0.05) using glycated HDL. Glycation reduced the sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) content of HDL, whereas the S1P concentrations of diabetic HDL were inversely correlated with hemoglobin A1c (P<0.005). The S1P contents of in vitro glycated and diabetic HDL were significantly, positively correlated (both <0.01) with cardiomyocyte survival during oxidative stress. Adding S1P to diabetic HDL increased its S1P content and restored its cardioprotective function. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate that glycation can reduce the S1P content of HDL, leading to increased cardiomyocyte cell death because of less effective activation of intracellular survival pathways. It has important implications for the functionality of HDL in diabetes mellitus because HDL-S1P has several beneficial effects on the vasculature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonas W Brinck
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Hypertension and Nutrition, Medical Faculty, Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland (J.W.B., F.R.J., M.-C.B.-M., R.W.J., M.A.F.); University Centre of Legal Medicine, Unit of Toxicology, Lausanne-Geneva, Switzerland (A.T., E.L., J.-C.P.); Faculty of Biology and Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne University, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.T.); Department of Community Medicine, Service of Therapeutic Education for Chronic Diseases, WHO Collaborating Centre, University Hospitals of Geneva and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland (Z.P.); Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (J.W.B., P.L., J.H., M.E.); Molecular Nutrition Unit, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (C.P.); Division of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (C.P.); Department of Pathology and Immunology, Medical Faculty, Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland (S.M., B.R.K.); and Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Division of Biopharmaceutics, Cluster of BioTherapeutics, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands (M.v.E.).
| | - Aurélien Thomas
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Hypertension and Nutrition, Medical Faculty, Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland (J.W.B., F.R.J., M.-C.B.-M., R.W.J., M.A.F.); University Centre of Legal Medicine, Unit of Toxicology, Lausanne-Geneva, Switzerland (A.T., E.L., J.-C.P.); Faculty of Biology and Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne University, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.T.); Department of Community Medicine, Service of Therapeutic Education for Chronic Diseases, WHO Collaborating Centre, University Hospitals of Geneva and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland (Z.P.); Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (J.W.B., P.L., J.H., M.E.); Molecular Nutrition Unit, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (C.P.); Division of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (C.P.); Department of Pathology and Immunology, Medical Faculty, Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland (S.M., B.R.K.); and Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Division of Biopharmaceutics, Cluster of BioTherapeutics, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands (M.v.E.)
| | - Estelle Lauer
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Hypertension and Nutrition, Medical Faculty, Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland (J.W.B., F.R.J., M.-C.B.-M., R.W.J., M.A.F.); University Centre of Legal Medicine, Unit of Toxicology, Lausanne-Geneva, Switzerland (A.T., E.L., J.-C.P.); Faculty of Biology and Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne University, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.T.); Department of Community Medicine, Service of Therapeutic Education for Chronic Diseases, WHO Collaborating Centre, University Hospitals of Geneva and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland (Z.P.); Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (J.W.B., P.L., J.H., M.E.); Molecular Nutrition Unit, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (C.P.); Division of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (C.P.); Department of Pathology and Immunology, Medical Faculty, Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland (S.M., B.R.K.); and Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Division of Biopharmaceutics, Cluster of BioTherapeutics, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands (M.v.E.)
| | - François R Jornayvaz
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Hypertension and Nutrition, Medical Faculty, Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland (J.W.B., F.R.J., M.-C.B.-M., R.W.J., M.A.F.); University Centre of Legal Medicine, Unit of Toxicology, Lausanne-Geneva, Switzerland (A.T., E.L., J.-C.P.); Faculty of Biology and Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne University, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.T.); Department of Community Medicine, Service of Therapeutic Education for Chronic Diseases, WHO Collaborating Centre, University Hospitals of Geneva and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland (Z.P.); Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (J.W.B., P.L., J.H., M.E.); Molecular Nutrition Unit, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (C.P.); Division of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (C.P.); Department of Pathology and Immunology, Medical Faculty, Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland (S.M., B.R.K.); and Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Division of Biopharmaceutics, Cluster of BioTherapeutics, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands (M.v.E.)
| | - Marie-Claude Brulhart-Meynet
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Hypertension and Nutrition, Medical Faculty, Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland (J.W.B., F.R.J., M.-C.B.-M., R.W.J., M.A.F.); University Centre of Legal Medicine, Unit of Toxicology, Lausanne-Geneva, Switzerland (A.T., E.L., J.-C.P.); Faculty of Biology and Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne University, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.T.); Department of Community Medicine, Service of Therapeutic Education for Chronic Diseases, WHO Collaborating Centre, University Hospitals of Geneva and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland (Z.P.); Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (J.W.B., P.L., J.H., M.E.); Molecular Nutrition Unit, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (C.P.); Division of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (C.P.); Department of Pathology and Immunology, Medical Faculty, Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland (S.M., B.R.K.); and Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Division of Biopharmaceutics, Cluster of BioTherapeutics, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands (M.v.E.)
| | - Jean-Christophe Prost
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Hypertension and Nutrition, Medical Faculty, Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland (J.W.B., F.R.J., M.-C.B.-M., R.W.J., M.A.F.); University Centre of Legal Medicine, Unit of Toxicology, Lausanne-Geneva, Switzerland (A.T., E.L., J.-C.P.); Faculty of Biology and Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne University, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.T.); Department of Community Medicine, Service of Therapeutic Education for Chronic Diseases, WHO Collaborating Centre, University Hospitals of Geneva and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland (Z.P.); Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (J.W.B., P.L., J.H., M.E.); Molecular Nutrition Unit, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (C.P.); Division of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (C.P.); Department of Pathology and Immunology, Medical Faculty, Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland (S.M., B.R.K.); and Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Division of Biopharmaceutics, Cluster of BioTherapeutics, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands (M.v.E.)
| | - Zoltan Pataky
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Hypertension and Nutrition, Medical Faculty, Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland (J.W.B., F.R.J., M.-C.B.-M., R.W.J., M.A.F.); University Centre of Legal Medicine, Unit of Toxicology, Lausanne-Geneva, Switzerland (A.T., E.L., J.-C.P.); Faculty of Biology and Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne University, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.T.); Department of Community Medicine, Service of Therapeutic Education for Chronic Diseases, WHO Collaborating Centre, University Hospitals of Geneva and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland (Z.P.); Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (J.W.B., P.L., J.H., M.E.); Molecular Nutrition Unit, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (C.P.); Division of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (C.P.); Department of Pathology and Immunology, Medical Faculty, Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland (S.M., B.R.K.); and Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Division of Biopharmaceutics, Cluster of BioTherapeutics, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands (M.v.E.)
| | - Patrik Löfgren
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Hypertension and Nutrition, Medical Faculty, Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland (J.W.B., F.R.J., M.-C.B.-M., R.W.J., M.A.F.); University Centre of Legal Medicine, Unit of Toxicology, Lausanne-Geneva, Switzerland (A.T., E.L., J.-C.P.); Faculty of Biology and Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne University, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.T.); Department of Community Medicine, Service of Therapeutic Education for Chronic Diseases, WHO Collaborating Centre, University Hospitals of Geneva and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland (Z.P.); Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (J.W.B., P.L., J.H., M.E.); Molecular Nutrition Unit, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (C.P.); Division of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (C.P.); Department of Pathology and Immunology, Medical Faculty, Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland (S.M., B.R.K.); and Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Division of Biopharmaceutics, Cluster of BioTherapeutics, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands (M.v.E.)
| | - Johan Hoffstedt
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Hypertension and Nutrition, Medical Faculty, Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland (J.W.B., F.R.J., M.-C.B.-M., R.W.J., M.A.F.); University Centre of Legal Medicine, Unit of Toxicology, Lausanne-Geneva, Switzerland (A.T., E.L., J.-C.P.); Faculty of Biology and Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne University, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.T.); Department of Community Medicine, Service of Therapeutic Education for Chronic Diseases, WHO Collaborating Centre, University Hospitals of Geneva and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland (Z.P.); Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (J.W.B., P.L., J.H., M.E.); Molecular Nutrition Unit, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (C.P.); Division of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (C.P.); Department of Pathology and Immunology, Medical Faculty, Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland (S.M., B.R.K.); and Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Division of Biopharmaceutics, Cluster of BioTherapeutics, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands (M.v.E.)
| | - Mats Eriksson
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Hypertension and Nutrition, Medical Faculty, Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland (J.W.B., F.R.J., M.-C.B.-M., R.W.J., M.A.F.); University Centre of Legal Medicine, Unit of Toxicology, Lausanne-Geneva, Switzerland (A.T., E.L., J.-C.P.); Faculty of Biology and Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne University, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.T.); Department of Community Medicine, Service of Therapeutic Education for Chronic Diseases, WHO Collaborating Centre, University Hospitals of Geneva and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland (Z.P.); Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (J.W.B., P.L., J.H., M.E.); Molecular Nutrition Unit, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (C.P.); Division of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (C.P.); Department of Pathology and Immunology, Medical Faculty, Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland (S.M., B.R.K.); and Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Division of Biopharmaceutics, Cluster of BioTherapeutics, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands (M.v.E.)
| | - Camilla Pramfalk
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Hypertension and Nutrition, Medical Faculty, Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland (J.W.B., F.R.J., M.-C.B.-M., R.W.J., M.A.F.); University Centre of Legal Medicine, Unit of Toxicology, Lausanne-Geneva, Switzerland (A.T., E.L., J.-C.P.); Faculty of Biology and Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne University, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.T.); Department of Community Medicine, Service of Therapeutic Education for Chronic Diseases, WHO Collaborating Centre, University Hospitals of Geneva and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland (Z.P.); Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (J.W.B., P.L., J.H., M.E.); Molecular Nutrition Unit, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (C.P.); Division of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (C.P.); Department of Pathology and Immunology, Medical Faculty, Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland (S.M., B.R.K.); and Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Division of Biopharmaceutics, Cluster of BioTherapeutics, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands (M.v.E.)
| | - Sandrine Morel
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Hypertension and Nutrition, Medical Faculty, Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland (J.W.B., F.R.J., M.-C.B.-M., R.W.J., M.A.F.); University Centre of Legal Medicine, Unit of Toxicology, Lausanne-Geneva, Switzerland (A.T., E.L., J.-C.P.); Faculty of Biology and Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne University, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.T.); Department of Community Medicine, Service of Therapeutic Education for Chronic Diseases, WHO Collaborating Centre, University Hospitals of Geneva and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland (Z.P.); Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (J.W.B., P.L., J.H., M.E.); Molecular Nutrition Unit, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (C.P.); Division of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (C.P.); Department of Pathology and Immunology, Medical Faculty, Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland (S.M., B.R.K.); and Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Division of Biopharmaceutics, Cluster of BioTherapeutics, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands (M.v.E.)
| | - Brenda R Kwak
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Hypertension and Nutrition, Medical Faculty, Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland (J.W.B., F.R.J., M.-C.B.-M., R.W.J., M.A.F.); University Centre of Legal Medicine, Unit of Toxicology, Lausanne-Geneva, Switzerland (A.T., E.L., J.-C.P.); Faculty of Biology and Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne University, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.T.); Department of Community Medicine, Service of Therapeutic Education for Chronic Diseases, WHO Collaborating Centre, University Hospitals of Geneva and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland (Z.P.); Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (J.W.B., P.L., J.H., M.E.); Molecular Nutrition Unit, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (C.P.); Division of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (C.P.); Department of Pathology and Immunology, Medical Faculty, Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland (S.M., B.R.K.); and Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Division of Biopharmaceutics, Cluster of BioTherapeutics, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands (M.v.E.)
| | - Miranda van Eck
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Hypertension and Nutrition, Medical Faculty, Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland (J.W.B., F.R.J., M.-C.B.-M., R.W.J., M.A.F.); University Centre of Legal Medicine, Unit of Toxicology, Lausanne-Geneva, Switzerland (A.T., E.L., J.-C.P.); Faculty of Biology and Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne University, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.T.); Department of Community Medicine, Service of Therapeutic Education for Chronic Diseases, WHO Collaborating Centre, University Hospitals of Geneva and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland (Z.P.); Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (J.W.B., P.L., J.H., M.E.); Molecular Nutrition Unit, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (C.P.); Division of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (C.P.); Department of Pathology and Immunology, Medical Faculty, Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland (S.M., B.R.K.); and Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Division of Biopharmaceutics, Cluster of BioTherapeutics, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands (M.v.E.)
| | - Richard W James
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Hypertension and Nutrition, Medical Faculty, Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland (J.W.B., F.R.J., M.-C.B.-M., R.W.J., M.A.F.); University Centre of Legal Medicine, Unit of Toxicology, Lausanne-Geneva, Switzerland (A.T., E.L., J.-C.P.); Faculty of Biology and Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne University, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.T.); Department of Community Medicine, Service of Therapeutic Education for Chronic Diseases, WHO Collaborating Centre, University Hospitals of Geneva and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland (Z.P.); Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (J.W.B., P.L., J.H., M.E.); Molecular Nutrition Unit, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (C.P.); Division of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (C.P.); Department of Pathology and Immunology, Medical Faculty, Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland (S.M., B.R.K.); and Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Division of Biopharmaceutics, Cluster of BioTherapeutics, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands (M.v.E.)
| | - Miguel A Frias
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Hypertension and Nutrition, Medical Faculty, Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland (J.W.B., F.R.J., M.-C.B.-M., R.W.J., M.A.F.); University Centre of Legal Medicine, Unit of Toxicology, Lausanne-Geneva, Switzerland (A.T., E.L., J.-C.P.); Faculty of Biology and Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne University, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.T.); Department of Community Medicine, Service of Therapeutic Education for Chronic Diseases, WHO Collaborating Centre, University Hospitals of Geneva and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland (Z.P.); Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (J.W.B., P.L., J.H., M.E.); Molecular Nutrition Unit, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (C.P.); Division of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (C.P.); Department of Pathology and Immunology, Medical Faculty, Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland (S.M., B.R.K.); and Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Division of Biopharmaceutics, Cluster of BioTherapeutics, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands (M.v.E.)
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
van der Sluis RJ, Van Eck M, Hoekstra M. Adrenocortical LDL receptor function negatively influences glucocorticoid output. J Endocrinol 2015; 226:145-54. [PMID: 26136384 DOI: 10.1530/joe-15-0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Over 50% of the cholesterol needed by adrenocortical cells for the production of glucocorticoids is derived from lipoproteins. However, the overall contribution of the different lipoproteins and associated uptake pathways to steroidogenesis remains to be determined. Here we aimed to show the importance of LDL receptor (LDLR)-mediated cholesterol acquisition for adrenal steroidogenesis in vivo. Female total body LDLR knockout mice with a human-like lipoprotein profile were bilaterally adrenalectomized and subsequently provided with one adrenal either expressing or genetically lacking the LDLR under their renal capsule to solely modulate adrenocortical LDLR function. Plasma total cholesterol levels and basal plasma corticosterone levels were identical in the two types of adrenal transplanted mice. Strikingly, restoration of adrenal LDLR function significantly reduced the ACTH-mediated stimulation of adrenal steroidogenesis (P<0.001), with plasma corticosterone levels that were respectively 44-59% lower (P<0.01) as compared to adrenal LDLR negative controls. In addition, LDLR positive adrenal transplanted mice exhibited a significant decrease (-39%; P<0.001) in their plasma corticosterone level under fasting stress conditions. Biochemical analysis did not show changes in the expression of genes involved in cholesterol mobilization. However, LDLR expressing adrenal transplants displayed a marked 62% reduction (P<0.05) in the transcript level of the key steroidogenic enzyme HSD3B2. In conclusion, our studies in a mouse model with a human-like lipoprotein profile provide the first in vivo evidence for a novel inhibitory role of the LDLR in the control of adrenal glucocorticoid production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ronald J van der Sluis
- Division of BiopharmaceuticsCluster BioTherapeutics, Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Miranda Van Eck
- Division of BiopharmaceuticsCluster BioTherapeutics, Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Menno Hoekstra
- Division of BiopharmaceuticsCluster BioTherapeutics, Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Wu DM, He Z, Ma LP, Wang LL, Ping J, Wang H. Increased DNA methylation of scavenger receptor class B type I contributes to inhibitory effects of prenatal caffeine ingestion on cholesterol uptake and steroidogenesis in fetal adrenals. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2015; 285:89-97. [PMID: 25868845 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2015.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2014] [Revised: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Steroid hormones synthesized from cholesterol in the fetal adrenal are crucial for fetal development. We have observed the inhibited fetal adrenal corticosterone synthesis and increased intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) rate in rats under prenatal caffeine ingestion. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of prenatal caffeine ingestion on cholesterol supply in fetal adrenal steroidogenesis in rats and explore the underlying epigenetic mechanisms. Pregnant Wistar rats were treated with 60 mg/kg · d caffeine from gestational day (GD) 7 to GD17. Histological changes of fetal adrenals and increased IUGR rates were observed in the caffeine group. There were significantly decreased steroid hormone contents and cholesterol supply in caffeine-treated fetal adrenals. Data from the gene expression array suggested that prenatal caffeine ingestion caused increased expression of genes related to DNA methylation and decreased expression of genes related to cholesterol uptake. The following conjoint analysis of DNA methylation array with these differentially expressed genes suggested that scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI) may play an important role in caffeine-induced cholesterol supply deficiency. Moreover, real-time RT-PCR and immunohistochemical detection certified the inhibitory effects of caffeine on both mRNA expression and protein expression of SR-BI in the fetal adrenal. And the increased DNA methylation frequency in the proximal promoter of SR-BI was confirmed by bisulfite-sequencing PCR. In conclusion, prenatal caffeine ingestion can induce DNA hypermethylation of the SR-BI promoter in the rat fetal adrenal. These effects may lead to decreased SR-BI expression and cholesterol uptake, which inhibits steroidogenesis in the fetal adrenal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Mei Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Zheng He
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Liang-Peng Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Lin-Long Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Jie Ping
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Diseases, Wuhan 430071, China; Research Center of Food and Drug Evaluation, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Diseases, Wuhan 430071, China; Research Center of Food and Drug Evaluation, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Zhao Y, Hoekstra M, Korporaal SJA, Van Berkel TJC, Van Eck M. HDL Receptor Scavenger Receptor BI. Atherosclerosis 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/9781118828533.ch25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
34
|
Valacchi G, Maioli E, Sticozzi C, Cervellati F, Pecorelli A, Cervellati C, Hayek J. Exploring the link between scavenger receptor B1 expression and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease pathogenesis. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2015; 1340:47-54. [DOI: 10.1111/nyas.12714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Valacchi
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnologies; University of Ferrara; Ferrara Italy
| | | | - Claudia Sticozzi
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnologies; University of Ferrara; Ferrara Italy
| | - Franco Cervellati
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnologies; University of Ferrara; Ferrara Italy
| | - Alessandra Pecorelli
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine; University of Siena; Siena Italy
| | - Carlo Cervellati
- Department of Biomedical and Specialist Surgical Sciences; Section of Medical Biochemistry; Molecular Biology and Genetics; University of Ferrara; Ferrara Italy
| | - Joussef Hayek
- Child Neuropsychiatry Unit; University Hospital; Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese (AOUS); Siena Italy
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Abstract
High-density lipoprotein (HDL) is considered to be an anti-atherogenic lipoprotein moiety. Generation of genetically modified (total body and tissue-specific knockout) mouse models has significantly contributed to our understanding of HDL function. Here we will review data from knockout mouse studies on the importance of HDL's major alipoprotein apoA-I, the ABC transporters A1 and G1, lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase, phospholipid transfer protein, and scavenger receptor BI for HDL's metabolism and its protection against atherosclerosis in mice. The initial generation and maturation of HDL particles as well as the selective delivery of its cholesterol to the liver are essential parameters in the life cycle of HDL. Detrimental atherosclerosis effects observed in response to HDL deficiency in mice cannot be solely attributed to the low HDL levels per se, as the low HDL levels are in most models paralleled by changes in non-HDL-cholesterol levels. However, the cholesterol efflux function of HDL is of critical importance to overcome foam cell formation and the development of atherosclerotic lesions in mice. Although HDL is predominantly studied for its atheroprotective action, the mouse data also suggest an essential role for HDL as cholesterol donor for steroidogenic tissues, including the adrenals and ovaries. Furthermore, it appears that a relevant interaction exists between HDL-mediated cellular cholesterol efflux and the susceptibility to inflammation, which (1) provides strong support for the novel concept that inflammation and metabolism are intertwining biological processes and (2) identifies the efflux function of HDL as putative therapeutic target also in other inflammatory diseases than atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Menno Hoekstra
- Division of Biopharmaceutics, Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333CC, Leiden, The Netherlands,
| | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Zannis VI, Fotakis P, Koukos G, Kardassis D, Ehnholm C, Jauhiainen M, Chroni A. HDL biogenesis, remodeling, and catabolism. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2015; 224:53-111. [PMID: 25522986 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-09665-0_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In this chapter, we review how HDL is generated, remodeled, and catabolized in plasma. We describe key features of the proteins that participate in these processes, emphasizing how mutations in apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) and the other proteins affect HDL metabolism. The biogenesis of HDL initially requires functional interaction of apoA-I with the ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) and subsequently interactions of the lipidated apoA-I forms with lecithin/cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT). Mutations in these proteins either prevent or impair the formation and possibly the functionality of HDL. Remodeling and catabolism of HDL is the result of interactions of HDL with cell receptors and other membrane and plasma proteins including hepatic lipase (HL), endothelial lipase (EL), phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP), cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP), apolipoprotein M (apoM), scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI), ATP-binding cassette transporter G1 (ABCG1), the F1 subunit of ATPase (Ecto F1-ATPase), and the cubulin/megalin receptor. Similarly to apoA-I, apolipoprotein E and apolipoprotein A-IV were shown to form discrete HDL particles containing these apolipoproteins which may have important but still unexplored functions. Furthermore, several plasma proteins were found associated with HDL and may modulate its biological functions. The effect of these proteins on the functionality of HDL is the topic of ongoing research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vassilis I Zannis
- Molecular Genetics, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Fruhwürth S, Kovacs WJ, Bittman R, Messner S, Röhrl C, Stangl H. Differential basolateral-apical distribution of scavenger receptor, class B, type I in cultured cells and the liver. Histochem Cell Biol 2014; 142:645-55. [PMID: 25059650 PMCID: PMC4241236 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-014-1251-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The high-density lipoprotein (HDL) receptor, scavenger receptor class B, type I (SR-BI), mediates selective cholesteryl ester uptake into the liver, which finally results in cholesterol secretion into the bile. Despite several reports, the distribution of hepatic SR-BI between the sinusoidal and canalicular membranes is still under debate. We present immunohistological data using specific markers showing that the bulk of SR-BI is present in sinusoidal membranes and, to a lesser extent, in canalicular membranes in murine and human liver sections. In addition, SR-BI was detected in preparations of rat liver canalicular membranes. We also compared the in vivo findings to HepG2 cells, a widely used in vitro hepatocyte model. Interestingly, SR-BI was enriched in bile canalicular-like (BC-like) structures in polarized HepG2 cells, which were cultivated either conventionally to form a monolayer or in Matrigel to form three-dimensional structures. Fluorescently labeled HDL was transported into close proximity of BC-like structures, whereas HDL labeled with the fluorescent cholesterol analog BODIPY-cholesterol was clearly detected within these structures. Importantly, similarly to human and mouse liver, SR-BI was localized in basolateral membranes in three-dimensional liver microtissues from primary human liver cells. Our results demonstrate that SR-BI is highly enriched in sinusoidal membranes and is also found in canalicular membranes. There was no significant basolateral-apical redistribution of hepatic SR-BI in fasting and refeeding experiments in mice. Furthermore, in vitro studies in polarized HepG2 cells showed explicit differences as SR-BI was highly enriched in BC-like structures. These structures are, however, functional and accumulated HDL-derived cholesterol. Thus, biological relevant model systems should be employed when investigating SR-BI distribution in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Fruhwürth
- Center for Pathobiochemistry and Genetics, Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Vienna, Währingerstraße 10, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Werner J. Kovacs
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETHZ), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Robert Bittman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Queens College of the City University of New York, Flushing, NY USA
| | | | - Clemens Röhrl
- Center for Pathobiochemistry and Genetics, Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Vienna, Währingerstraße 10, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Herbert Stangl
- Center for Pathobiochemistry and Genetics, Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Vienna, Währingerstraße 10, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Modulation of gene expression by 3-iodothyronamine: genetic evidence for a lipolytic pattern. PLoS One 2014; 9:e106923. [PMID: 25379707 PMCID: PMC4224367 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
3-Iodothyronamine (T1AM) is an endogenous biogenic amine, structurally related to thyroid hormone, which is regarded as a novel chemical messenger. The molecular mechanisms underlying T1AM effects are not known, but it is possible to envisage changes in gene expression, since delayed and long-lasting phenotypic effects have been reported, particularly with regard to the modulation of lipid metabolism and body weight. To test this hypothesis we analysed gene expression profiles in adipose tissue and liver of eight rats chronically treated with T1AM (10 mg/Kg twice a day for five days) as compared with eight untreated rats. In vivo T1AM administration produced significant transcriptional effects, since 378 genes were differentially expressed in adipose tissue, and 114 in liver. The reported changes in gene expression are expected to stimulate lipolysis and beta-oxidation, while inhibiting adipogenesis. T1AM also influenced the expression of several genes linked to lipoprotein metabolism suggesting that it may play an important role in the regulation of cholesterol homeostasis. No effect on the expression of genes linked to toxicity was observed. The assay of tissue T1AM showed that in treated animals its endogenous concentration increased by about one order of magnitude, without significant changes in tissue thyroid hormone concentration. Therefore, the effects that we observed might have physiological or pathophysiological importance. Our results provide the basis for the reported effectiveness of T1AM as a lipolytic agent and gain importance in view of a possible clinical use of T1AM in obesity and/or dyslipidaemia.
Collapse
|
39
|
Excess cholesterol induces mouse egg activation and may cause female infertility. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:E4972-80. [PMID: 25368174 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1418954111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The HDL receptor scavenger receptor, class B type I (SR-BI) controls the structure and fate of plasma HDL. Female SR-BI KO mice are infertile, apparently because of their abnormal cholesterol-enriched HDL particles. We examined the growth and meiotic progression of SR-BI KO oocytes and found that they underwent normal germinal vesicle breakdown; however, SR-BI KO eggs, which had accumulated excess cholesterol in vivo, spontaneously activated, and they escaped metaphase II (MII) arrest and progressed to pronuclear, MIII, and anaphase/telophase III stages. Eggs from fertile WT mice were activated when loaded in vitro with excess cholesterol by a cholesterol/methyl-β-cyclodextrin complex, phenocopying SR-BI KO oocytes. In vitro cholesterol loading of eggs induced reduction in maturation promoting factor and MAPK activities, elevation of intracellular calcium, extrusion of a second polar body, and progression to meiotic stages beyond MII. These results suggest that the infertility of SR-BI KO females is caused, at least in part, by excess cholesterol in eggs inducing premature activation and that cholesterol can activate WT mouse eggs to escape from MII arrest. Analysis of SR-BI KO female infertility raises the possibility that abnormalities in cholesterol metabolism might underlie some cases of human female infertility of unknown etiology.
Collapse
|
40
|
Kartz GA, Holme RL, Nicholson K, Sahoo D. SR-BI/CD36 chimeric receptors define extracellular subdomains of SR-BI critical for cholesterol transport. Biochemistry 2014; 53:6173-82. [PMID: 25211142 PMCID: PMC4188264 DOI: 10.1021/bi500706x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
High-density lipoproteins (HDLs) are athero-protective, primarily because of their ability to promote cholesterol flux from peripheral tissues to the liver by reverse cholesterol transport (RCT). The delivery of HDL-cholesteryl esters (CE) into cells is mediated by the HDL receptor, scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI), a promising target for enhancing whole body cholesterol disposal and preventing cardiovascular disease. A detailed understanding of the structural determinants underlying proper SR-BI/HDL alignment that supports the selective uptake of HDL-CE into cells remains lacking. To this end, we exploited CD36, a class B scavenger receptor with a predicted topology similar to that of SR-BI that binds HDL but is unable to mediate efficient selective uptake of HDL-CE. We generated a series of SR-BI/CD36 chimeric receptors that span the extracellular (EC) domain of SR-BI to delineate regions that are essential for SR-BI's cholesterol transport functions. All 16 SR-BI/CD36 chimeras were transiently expressed in COS-7 cells, and their plasma membrane localization was confirmed. The majority of SR-BI/CD36 chimeric receptors displayed significant reductions in their ability to (i) bind HDL, (ii) deliver HDL-CE to cells, (iii) mediate efflux of free cholesterol (FC) to HDL, and (iv) redistribute plasma membrane domains of FC. We also demonstrated that changes in SR-BI function were independent of receptor oligomerization. Altogether, we have identified discrete subdomains, particularly in the N-terminal and C-terminal regions of the EC domain of SR-BI, that are critical for productive receptor-ligand interactions and the various cholesterol transport functions of SR-BI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella A Kartz
- Departments of Pharmacology & Toxicology, ‡Biochemistry, and §Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin , Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, United States
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Gilibert S, Galle-Treger L, Moreau M, Saint-Charles F, Costa S, Ballaire R, Couvert P, Carrié A, Lesnik P, Huby T. Adrenocortical Scavenger Receptor Class B Type I Deficiency Exacerbates Endotoxic Shock and Precipitates Sepsis-Induced Mortality in Mice. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 193:817-26. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1303164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
|
42
|
Varatharajalu R, Garige M, Leckey LC, Arellanes-Robledo J, Reyes-Gordillo K, Shah R, Lakshman MR. Adverse signaling of scavenger receptor class B1 and PGC1s in alcoholic hepatosteatosis and steatohepatitis and protection by betaine in rat. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2014; 184:2035-44. [PMID: 24814604 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2014.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Revised: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Because scavenger receptor class B type 1 is the cholesterol uptake liver receptor, whereas peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1β (PGC-1β) and PGC-1α are critical for lipid synthesis and degradation, we investigated the roles of these signaling molecules in the actions of ethanol-polyunsaturated fatty acids and betaine on hepatosteatosis and steatohepatitis. Ethanol-polyunsaturated fatty acid treatment caused the following: i) hepatosteatosis, as evidenced by increased liver cholesterol and triglycerides, lipid score, and decreased serum adiponectin; ii) marked inhibition of scavenger receptor class B type 1 glycosylation, its plasma membrane localization, and its hepatic cholesterol uptake function; and iii) moderate steatohepatitis, as evidenced by histopathological characteristics, increased liver tumor necrosis factor α and IL-6, decreased glutathione, and elevated serum alanine aminotransferase. These actions of ethanol involved up-regulated PGC-1β, sterol regulatory element-binding proteins 1c and 2, acetyl-CoA carboxylase, and HMG-CoA reductase mRNAs/proteins and inactive non-phosphorylated AMP kinase; and down-regulated silence regulator gene 1 and PGC-1α mRNA/proteins and hepatic fatty acid oxidation. Betaine markedly blunted all these actions of ethanol on hepatosteatosis and steatohepatitis. Therefore, we conclude that ethanol-mediated impaired post-translational modification, trafficking, and function of scavenger receptor class B type 1 may account for alcoholic hyperlipidemia. Up-regulation of PGC-1β and lipid synthetic genes and down-regulation of silence regulator gene 1, PGC-1α, adiponectin, and lipid degradation genes account for alcoholic hepatosteatosis. Induction of proinflammatory cytokines and depletion of endogenous antioxidant, glutathione, account for alcoholic steatohepatitis. We suggest betaine as a potential therapeutic agent because it effectively protects against adverse actions of ethanol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Varatharajalu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Lipid Research Laboratory, VA Medical Center, The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Mamatha Garige
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Lipid Research Laboratory, VA Medical Center, The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Leslie C Leckey
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Lipid Research Laboratory, VA Medical Center, The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Jaime Arellanes-Robledo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Lipid Research Laboratory, VA Medical Center, The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Karina Reyes-Gordillo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Lipid Research Laboratory, VA Medical Center, The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Ruchi Shah
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Lipid Research Laboratory, VA Medical Center, The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - M Raj Lakshman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Lipid Research Laboratory, VA Medical Center, The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To summarize the recent findings about the roles of scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI) in immunity and discuss the underlying mechanisms by which SR-BI prevents immune dysfunctions. RECENT FINDINGS SR-BI is well known as a high-density lipoprotein (HDL) receptor playing key roles in HDL metabolism and in protection against atherosclerosis. Recent studies have indicated that SR-BI is also an essential modulator in immunity. SR-BI deficiency in mice causes immune dysfunctions, including increased atherosclerosis, elevated susceptibility to sepsis, impaired lymphocyte homeostasis, and autoimmune disorders. SR-BI exerts its protective roles through a variety of HDL-dependent and HDL-independent mechanisms. SR-BI is also involved in hepatitis C virus cell entry. A deficiency of SR-BI in humanized mice has been shown to decrease hepatitis C virus infectivity. SUMMARY SR-BI regulates immunity via multiple mechanisms and its deficiency causes numerous diseases. A comprehensive understanding of the roles of SR-BI in protection against immune dysfunctions may provide a therapeutic target for intervention against its associated diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Zheng
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
- Graduate Center for Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Junting Ai
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
- Graduate Center for Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Xiang-An Li
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
- Graduate Center for Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Abstract
Alcoholic steatosis, instead of being innocuous, plays a critical role in liver inflammation and fibrogenesis. The severity of fatty liver is governed by the concerted balance between lipid transport, synthesis, and degradation. Whereas scavenger receptor class B, type I (SR-B1) is critical for reverse cholesterol uptake by the liver, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ) coactivator-1α and -β (PGC1α and PGC1β) are critical for lipid degradation and synthesis, respectively. Because betaine is a lipotropic agent, we have evaluated its effects on alcoholic steatosis. Betaine effectively prevented chronic alcohol-mediated (i) impaired SR-B1 glycosylation, plasma membrane localization, and consequent impaired cholesterol transport; and (ii) up regulation of PGC-1β, sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c and downstream lipogenic genes with concomitant increased liver cholesterol, triglycerides and hepatic lipid score. Similarly, because of its anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects in other organs, we evaluated the protective effects of thymosin β4 (Tβ4) against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatotoxicity in rat. Tβ4 prevented CCl4-induced (i) necrosis, inflammatory infiltration and up-regulation of α1(2)collagen, alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), platelet derived growth factor beta (PDGF-β) receptor and fibronectin mRNA expression; (ii) down-regulation of adipogenic gene, PPARγ and the up-regulation of epigenetic repressor gene, methyl CpG binding protein 2 (MeCP2) mRNA levels, suggesting that the anti-fibrogenic actions of Tβ4 involve the prevention of trans-differentiation of quiescent hepatic stellate cells into myo-fibroblasts largely by up-regulating PPARγ and by down-regulating MeCP2 genes. We therefore conclude that betaine and Tβ4 can effectively protect against alcoholic hepatosteatosis and hepatic fibrogenesis, respectively.
Collapse
|
45
|
Tyczewska M, Rucinski M, Ziolkowska A, Trejter M, Szyszka M, Malendowicz LK. Expression of selected genes involved in steroidogenesis in the course of enucleation-induced rat adrenal regeneration. Int J Mol Med 2013; 33:613-23. [PMID: 24366092 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2013.1599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The enucleation-induced (EI) rapid proliferation of adrenocortical cells is followed by their differentiation, the degree of which may be characterized by the expression of genes directly and indirectly involved in steroid hormone biosynthesis. In this study, out of 30,000 transcripts of genes identified by means of Affymetrix Rat Gene 1.1 ST Array, we aimed to select genes (either up- or downregulated) involved in steroidogenesis in the course of enucleation-induced adrenal regeneration. On day 1, we found 32 genes with altered expression levels, 15 were upregulated and 17 were downregulated [i.e., 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (Hsd3β), nuclear receptor subfamily 0, group B, member 1 (Nr0b1), cytochrome P450 aldosterone synthase (Cyp11b2) and sterol O-acyltransferase 1 (Soat1)]. On day 15, the expression of only 2 genes was increased and that of 3 was decreased. The investigated genes were clustered according to an hierarchical clustering algorithm and 4 clusters were obtained. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) confirmed the much lower mRNA expression levels of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) during the regeneration process compared to the control, while the cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme (cholesterol desmolase; Cyp11a1) and Hsd3β genes presented similar expression profiles throughout the entire regeneration process. Cyp11b2 mRNA levels remained very low during the whole regeneration period. Fatty acid binding protein 6 (Fabp6) was markedly upregulated, whereas hormone-sensitive lipase (Lipe) was downregulated. The expression of Soat1 was lowest on regeneration day 1 and, subsequently, its expression increased from there on, reaching levels higher than the control. Dosage-sensitive sex reversal, adrenal hypoplasia critical region, on chromosome X, gene 1 (Dax-1) mRNA levels were lowest on day 1 of the experiment; however, throughout the entire experimental period, there were no statistically significant differences observed. After the initial decrease in steroidogenic factor 1 (Sf-1) mRNA levels observed on the 1st day of the experiment, a marked upregulation in its expression was observed from there on. Data from the current study strongly suggest the role of Fabp6, Lipe and Soat1 in supplying substrates of regenerating adrenocortical cells for steroid synthesis. Our results indicate that during the first days of adrenal regeneration, intense synthesis of cholesterol may occur, which is then followed by its conversion into cholesteryl esters. Moreover, our data demonstrated that in enucleation-induced regeneration, the restoration of genes involved in glucocorticoid synthesis is notably shorter than that of those involved in aldosterone synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Tyczewska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Marcin Rucinski
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Ziolkowska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Marcin Trejter
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Marta Szyszka
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Ludwik K Malendowicz
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Fruhwürth S, Pavelka M, Bittman R, Kovacs WJ, Walter KM, Röhrl C, Stangl H. High-density lipoprotein endocytosis in endothelial cells. World J Biol Chem 2013; 4:131-140. [PMID: 24340136 PMCID: PMC3856308 DOI: 10.4331/wjbc.v4.i4.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Revised: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To describe the way stations of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) uptake and its lipid exchange in endothelial cells in vitro and in vivo.
METHODS: A combination of fluorescence microscopy using novel fluorescent cholesterol surrogates and electron microscopy was used to analyze HDL endocytosis in great detail in primary human endothelial cells. Further, HDL uptake was quantified using radio-labeled HDL particles. To validate the in vitro findings mice were injected with fluorescently labeled HDL and particle uptake in the liver was analyzed using fluorescence microscopy.
RESULTS: HDL uptake occurred via clathrin-coated pits, tubular endosomes and multivesicular bodies in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. During uptake and resecretion, HDL-derived cholesterol was exchanged at a faster rate than cholesteryl oleate, resembling the HDL particle pathway seen in hepatic cells. In addition, lysosomes were not involved in this process and thus HDL degradation was not detectable. In vivo, we found HDL mainly localized in mouse hepatic endothelial cells. HDL was not detected in parenchymal liver cells, indicating that lipid transfer from HDL to hepatocytes occurs primarily via scavenger receptor, class B, type I mediated selective uptake without concomitant HDL endocytosis.
CONCLUSION: HDL endocytosis occurs via clathrin-coated pits, tubular endosomes and multivesicular bodies in human endothelial cells. Mouse endothelial cells showed a similar HDL uptake pattern in vivo indicating that the endothelium is one major site of HDL endocytosis and transcytosis.
Collapse
|
47
|
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a hepatotropic virus and a major cause of chronic hepatitis and liver disease worldwide. Initial interactions between HCV virions and hepatocytes are required for productive viral infection and initiation of the viral life cycle. Furthermore, HCV entry contributes to the tissue tropism and species specificity of this virus. The elucidation of these interactions is critical, not only to understand the pathogenesis of HCV infection, but also to design efficient antiviral strategies and vaccines. This review summarizes our current knowledge of the host factors required for the HCV-host interactions during HCV binding and entry, our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying HCV entry into target cells, and the relevance of HCV entry for the pathogenesis of liver disease, antiviral therapy, and vaccine development.
Collapse
|
48
|
Pei Y, Chen X, Aboutouk D, Fuller MT, Dadoo O, Yu P, White EJ, Igdoura SA, Trigatti BL. SR-BI in bone marrow derived cells protects mice from diet induced coronary artery atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction. PLoS One 2013; 8:e72492. [PMID: 23967310 PMCID: PMC3742605 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0072492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2011] [Accepted: 07/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
SR-BI deficient mice that are also hypomorphic for apolipoprotein E expression develop diet induced occlusive coronary artery atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction and early death. To test the role of SR-BI in bone marrow derived cells, we used bone marrow transplantation to generate SR-BI-null; apoE-hypomorphic mice in which SR-BI expression was restored solely in bone marrow derived cells. SR-BI-null; apoE-hypomorphic mice were transplanted with SR-BI+/+apoE-hypomorphic, or control, autologous SR-BI-null; apoE-hypomorphic bone marrow. Four weeks later, mice were fed a high-fat, high-cholesterol, cholate-containing diet to induce coronary artery atherosclerosis. Mice transplanted with autologous bone marrow developed extensive aortic atherosclerosis and severe occlusive coronary artery atherosclerosis after 4 weeks of feeding. This was accompanied by myocardial fibrosis and increased heart weights. In contrast, restoration of SR-BI expression in bone marrow derived-cells reduced diet induced aortic and coronary artery atherosclerosis, myocardial fibrosis and the increase in heart weights in SR-BI-null; apoE-hypomorphic mice. Restoration of SR-BI in bone marrow derived cells did not, however, affect steady state lipoprotein cholesterol levels, but did reduce plasma levels of IL-6. Monocytes from SR-BI-null mice exhibited a greater capacity to bind to VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 than those from SR-BI+/+ mice. Furthermore, restoration of SR-BI expression in bone marrow derived cells attenuated monocyte recruitment into atherosclerotic plaques in mice fed high fat, high cholesterol cholate containing diet. These data demonstrate directly that SR-BI in bone marrow-derived cells protects against both aortic and CA atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Pei
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences and Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xing Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences and Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dina Aboutouk
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences and Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mark T. Fuller
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences and Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Omid Dadoo
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences and Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Pei Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences and Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elizabeth J. White
- Department of Biology and Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Suleiman A. Igdoura
- Department of Biology and Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bernardo L. Trigatti
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences and Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Karalis I, Rensen PCN, Jukema JW. Journey through cholesteryl ester transfer protein inhibition: from bench to bedside. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes 2013; 6:360-6. [PMID: 23674310 DOI: 10.1161/circoutcomes.111.000014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Karalis
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Chadwick AC, Sahoo D. Functional genomics of the human high-density lipoprotein receptor scavenger receptor BI: an old dog with new tricks. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 2013; 20:124-31. [PMID: 23403740 PMCID: PMC3967407 DOI: 10.1097/med.0b013e32835ed575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The athero-protective role of scavenger receptor BI (SR-BI) is primarily attributed to its ability to selectively transfer cholesteryl esters from high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) to the liver during reverse cholesterol transport (RCT). In this review, we highlight recent findings that reveal the impact of SR-BI on lipid levels and cardiovascular disease in humans. Moreover, additional responsibilities of SR-BI in modulating adrenal and platelet function, as well as female fertility in humans, are discussed. RECENT FINDINGS Heterozygote carriers of P297S, S112F and T175A-mutant SR-BI receptors were identified in patients with high HDL-cholesterol levels. HDL from P297S-SR-BI carriers was unable to mediate macrophage cholesterol efflux, whereas hepatocytes expressing P297S-SR-BI were unable to mediate the selective uptake of HDL-cholesteryl esters. S112F and T175A-mutant receptors exhibited similar impaired cholesterol transport functions in vitro. Reduced SR-BI function in P297S carriers was also associated with decreased steroidogenesis and altered platelet function. Further, human population studies identified SCARB1 variants associated with female infertility. SUMMARY Identification of SR-BI variants confirms the key role of this receptor in influencing lipid levels and RCT in humans. A deeper understanding of the contributions of SR-BI to steroidogenesis, platelet function and fertility is required in light of exploration of HDL-raising therapies aimed at reducing cardiovascular risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra C. Chadwick
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Daisy Sahoo
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Clinical Nutrition, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
- To whom correspondence should be addressed: H4930 Health Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, Phone: 1-414-955-7414; Fax: 1-414-456-6570,
| |
Collapse
|