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Santanasto AJ, Acharya S, Wojczynski MK, Cvejkus RK, Lin S, Brent MR, Anema JA, Wang L, Thyagarajan B, Christensen K, Daw EW, Zmuda JM. Whole Genome Linkage and Association Analyses Identify DLG Associated Protein-1 as a Novel Positional and Biological Candidate Gene for Muscle Strength: The Long Life Family Study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2024; 79:glae144. [PMID: 38808484 PMCID: PMC11226997 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glae144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Grip strength is a robust indicator of overall health, is moderately heritable, and predicts longevity in older adults. METHODS Using genome-wide linkage analysis, we identified a novel locus on chromosome 18p (mega-basepair region: 3.4-4.0) linked to grip strength in 3 755 individuals from 582 families aged 64 ± 12 years (range 30-110 years; 55% women). There were 26 families that contributed to the linkage peak (cumulative logarithm of the odds [LOD] score = 10.94), with 6 families (119 individuals) accounting for most of the linkage signal (LOD = 6.4). In these 6 families, using whole genome sequencing data, we performed association analyses between the 7 312 single nucleotide (SNVs) and insertion deletion (INDELs) variants in the linkage region and grip strength. Models were adjusted for age, age2, sex, height, field center, and population substructure. RESULTS We found significant associations between genetic variants (8 SNVs and 4 INDELs, p < 5 × 10-5) in the Disks Large-associated Protein 1 (DLGAP1) gene and grip strength. Haplotypes constructed using these variants explained up to 98.1% of the LOD score. Finally, RNAseq data showed that these variants were significantly associated with the expression of nearby Myosin Light Chain 12A (MYL12A), Structural Maintenance of Chromosomes Flexible Hinge Domain Containing 1 (SMCHD1), Erythrocyte Membrane Protein Band 4.1 Like 3 (EPB41L3) genes (p < .0004). CONCLUSIONS The DLGAP1 gene plays an important role in the postsynaptic density of neurons; thus, it is both a novel positional and biological candidate gene for follow-up studies aimed at uncovering genetic determinants of muscle strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J Santanasto
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sandeep Acharya
- Division of Computational and Data Sciences, Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Computer Science, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Mary K Wojczynski
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Ryan K Cvejkus
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Shiow Lin
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Michael R Brent
- Division of Computational and Data Sciences, Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Computer Science, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Jason A Anema
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Lihua Wang
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Bharat Thyagarajan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Kaare Christensen
- Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Public Health, The Danish Aging Research Center, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - E Warwick Daw
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Joseph M Zmuda
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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2
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Nicchio IG, Cirelli T, Nepomuceno R, Hidalgo MAR, Rossa C, Cirelli JA, Orrico SRP, Barros SP, Theodoro LH, Scarel-Caminaga RM. Polymorphisms in Genes of Lipid Metabolism Are Associated with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Periodontitis, as Comorbidities, and with the Subjects' Periodontal, Glycemic, and Lipid Profiles. J Diabetes Res 2021; 2021:1049307. [PMID: 34805411 PMCID: PMC8601849 DOI: 10.1155/2021/1049307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and periodontitis (P) commonly occur as comorbidities, but the commonalities in the genetic makeup of affected individuals is largely unknown. Since dyslipidemia is a frequent condition in these individuals, we investigate the association of genomic variations in genes involved in lipid metabolism with periodontal, glycemic, lipid profiles, and the association with periodontitis and T2DM (as comorbidities). METHODS Based on clinical periodontal examination and biochemical evaluation, 893 subjects were divided into T2DM+P (T2DM subjects also affected by periodontitis, n = 205), periodontitis (n = 345), and healthy (n = 343). Fourteen single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were investigated: LDLR gene (rs5925 and rs688), APOB (rs676210, rs1042031, and rs693), ABCC8 (rs6544718 and 6544713), LPL (rs28524, rs3735964, and rs1370225), HNF1A (rs2650000), APOE (rs429358 and rs7412), and HNF4A (rs1800961). Multiple linear and logistic regressions (adjusted for covariates) were made for all populations and stratified by sex and smoking habits. RESULTS Individuals carrying APOB-rs1042031-CT (mainly women and never smokers) had a lower risk of developing periodontitis and T2DM (T2DM+P); altogether, this genotype was related with healthier glycemic, lipid, and periodontal parameters. Significant disease-phenotype associations with gene-sex interaction were also found for carriers of APOB-rs1676210-AG, HNF4A-rs1800961-CT, ABCC8-rs6544718-CT, LPL-rs13702-CC, and LPL-rs285-CT. CONCLUSIONS Polymorphisms in lipid metabolism genes are associated with susceptibility to T2DM-periodontitis comorbidities, demonstrating gene-sex interaction. The APOB-rs1042031 was the most relevant gene marker related to glucose and lipid metabolism profiles, as well as with obesity and periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingra G. Nicchio
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, São Paulo State University-UNESP, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
- Department of Morphology, Genetics, Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, São Paulo State University-UNESP, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Thamiris Cirelli
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, São Paulo State University-UNESP, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
- Department of Morphology, Genetics, Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, São Paulo State University-UNESP, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafael Nepomuceno
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, São Paulo State University-UNESP, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
- Department of Morphology, Genetics, Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, São Paulo State University-UNESP, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Marco A. R. Hidalgo
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, São Paulo State University-UNESP, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
- Department of Morphology, Genetics, Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, São Paulo State University-UNESP, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos Rossa
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, São Paulo State University-UNESP, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Joni A. Cirelli
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, São Paulo State University-UNESP, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Silvana R. P. Orrico
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, São Paulo State University-UNESP, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
- Advanced Research Center in Medicine, Union of the Colleges of the Great Lakes (UNILAGO), São José do Rio Preto, SP 15030-070, Brazil
| | - Silvana P. Barros
- Department of Periodontology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill-UNC, School of Dentistry, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Letícia H. Theodoro
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, São Paulo State University-UNESP, School of Dentistry at Araçatuba, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Raquel M. Scarel-Caminaga
- Department of Morphology, Genetics, Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, São Paulo State University-UNESP, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
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Pott J, Gadin J, Theusch E, Kleber ME, Delgado GE, Kirsten H, Hauck SM, Burkhardt R, Scharnagl H, Krauss RM, Loeffler M, März W, Thiery J, Silveira A, Vant Hooft FM, Scholz M. Meta-GWAS of PCSK9 levels detects two novel loci at APOB and TM6SF2. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 31:999-1011. [PMID: 34590679 PMCID: PMC8947322 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddab279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) is a key player in lipid metabolism, as it degrades low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptors from hepatic cell membranes. So far, only variants of the PCSK9 gene locus were found to be associated with PCSK9 levels. Here we aimed to identify novel genetic loci that regulate PCSK9 levels and how they relate to other lipid traits. Additionally, we investigated to what extend the causal effect of PCSK9 on coronary artery disease (CAD) is mediated by low-density lipoprotein–cholesterol (LDL–C). Methods and Results We performed a genome-wide association study meta-analysis of PCSK9 levels in up to 12 721 samples of European ancestry. The estimated heritability was 10.3%, which increased to 12.6% using only samples from patients without statin treatment. We successfully replicated the known PCSK9 hit consisting of three independent signals. Interestingly, in a study of 300 African Americans, we confirmed the locus with a different PCSK9 variant. Beyond PCSK9, our meta-analysis detected three novel loci with genome-wide significance. Co-localization analysis with cis-eQTLs and lipid traits revealed biologically plausible candidate genes at two of them: APOB and TM6SF2. In a bivariate Mendelian Randomization analysis, we detected a strong effect of PCSK9 on LDL-C, but not vice versa. LDL-C mediated 63% of the total causal effect of PCSK9 on CAD. Conclusion Our study identified novel genetic loci with plausible candidate genes affecting PCSK9 levels. Ethnic heterogeneity was observed at the PCSK9 locus itself. Although the causal effect of PCSK9 on CAD is mainly mediated by LDL-C, an independent direct effect also occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janne Pott
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,LIFE Research Center for Civilization Diseases, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jesper Gadin
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Sweden
| | - Elizabeth Theusch
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Marcus E Kleber
- Vth Department of Medicine (Nephrology, Hypertensiology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology, Diabetology), Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.,SYNLAB MVZ Humangenetik Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Graciela E Delgado
- Vth Department of Medicine (Nephrology, Hypertensiology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology, Diabetology), Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Holger Kirsten
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,LIFE Research Center for Civilization Diseases, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stefanie M Hauck
- Metabolomics and Proteomics Core and Research Unit Protein Science, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ralph Burkhardt
- LIFE Research Center for Civilization Diseases, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital Leipzig.,Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Hubert Scharnagl
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Ronald M Krauss
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, Oakland, CA, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Markus Loeffler
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,LIFE Research Center for Civilization Diseases, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Winfried März
- Vth Department of Medicine (Nephrology, Hypertensiology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology, Diabetology), Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.,Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,SYNLAB Academy, SYNALB Holding Deutschland GmbH, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Joachim Thiery
- LIFE Research Center for Civilization Diseases, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital Leipzig.,Faculty of Medicine, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Angela Silveira
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Sweden
| | - Ferdinand M Vant Hooft
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Sweden
| | - Markus Scholz
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,LIFE Research Center for Civilization Diseases, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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4
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Santanasto AJ, Wojczynski MK, Cvejkus RK, Lin S, Wang L, Thyagarajan B, Christensen K, Schupf N, Feitosa MF, An P, Zmuda JM. Identification of a Novel Locus for Gait Speed Decline With Aging: The Long Life Family Study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2021; 76:e307-e313. [PMID: 34156441 PMCID: PMC8436996 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glab177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gait speed is a powerful indicator of health with aging. Potential genetic contributions to gait speed and its decline with aging are not well defined. We determined the heritability of and potential genetic regions underlying change in gait speed using longitudinal data from 2379 individuals belonging to 509 families in the Long Life Family Study (mean age 64 ± 12, range 30-110 years; 45% men). METHODS Gait speed was measured over 4 m at baseline and follow-up (7 ± 1 years). Quantitative trait linkage analyses were completed using pedigree-based maximum likelihood methods with logarithm of the odds (LOD) scores greater than 3.0, indicating genome-wide significance. We also performed linkage analysis in the top 10% of families contributing to LOD scores to allow for heterogeneity among families (HLOD). Data were adjusted for age, sex, height, and field center. RESULTS At baseline, 26.9% of individuals had "slow" gait speed less than 1.0 m/s (mean: 1.1 ± 0.2 m/s) and gait speed declined at a rate of -0.02 ± 0.03 m/s per year (p < .0001). Baseline and change in gait speed were significantly heritable (h2 = 0.24-0.32, p < .05). We did not find significant evidence for linkage for baseline gait speed; however, we identified a significant locus for change in gait speed on chromosome 16p (LOD = 4.2). A subset of 21 families contributed to this linkage peak (HLOD = 6.83). Association analyses on chromosome 16 showed that the strongest variant resides within the ADCY9 gene. CONCLUSION Further analysis of the chromosome 16 region, and ADCY9 gene, may yield new insight on the biology of mobility decline with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J Santanasto
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mary K Wojczynski
- Department of Genetics, Division of Statistical Genomics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Ryan K Cvejkus
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Shiow Lin
- Department of Genetics, Division of Statistical Genomics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Lihua Wang
- Department of Genetics, Division of Statistical Genomics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Bharat Thyagarajan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Kaare Christensen
- The Danish Aging Research Center, Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Nicole Schupf
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - Mary F Feitosa
- Department of Genetics, Division of Statistical Genomics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Ping An
- Department of Genetics, Division of Statistical Genomics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Joseph M Zmuda
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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5
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Abdulfattah SY, Al-Awadi SJ. ApoB gene polymorphism (rs676210) and its pharmacogenetics impact on atorvastatin response among Iraqi population with coronary artery disease. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2021; 19:95. [PMID: 34156559 PMCID: PMC8218108 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-021-00193-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Drug response is below genetic influence, proven by the genetic variants. Pharmacogenetics trials are performed in many diseases, including coronary artery disease. This study was designed to determine the genetic polymorphism (rs676210) Pro2739leu G > A in the lipid metabolism-related gene (ApoB gene) and its pharmacogenetic role in the response to atorvastatin drug in a sample of Iraqi population with coronary artery disease (CAD). Results Significant differences of genotype distribution in CAD patients and controls were observed in ApoB+ 8216 in Iraqi population from Hardy Weinberg Analysis. It also found that dramatic difference of low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C) level in response to 40 mg/day of atorvastatin therapy, the minor allele (A) observed a greater LDL-C lowering than the wild type allele (G). In ANOVA analysis, the result showed that the rs676210, Pro2739Leu, in ApoB gene increased non significantly, but gradually in plasma level of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), and oxidize low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) in the order of genotype AA, GA, and GG in response to 40 mg atorvastatin. Conclusion We found the results highlighted the function of the rs676210, Pro2739Leu, in the ApoB gene in CAD etiology, and the findings support this variant’s impact in predicting the response of (LDL-C) to 40 mg of atorvastatin therapy. ApoB gene polymorphism (rs676210, Pro2739Leu), specifically the AA genotype, may help to identify individuals who will profit from atorvastatin's lowering effects.
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6
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House JS, Motsinger-Reif AA. Fibrate pharmacogenomics: expanding past the genome. Pharmacogenomics 2020; 21:293-306. [PMID: 32180510 DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2019-0140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrates are a medication class prescribed for decades as 'broad-spectrum' lipid-modifying agents used to lower blood triglyceride levels and raise high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. Such lipid changes are associated with a decrease in cardiovascular disease, and fibrates are commonly used to reduce risk of dangerous cardiovascular outcomes. As with most drugs, it is well established that response to fibrate treatment is variable, and this variation is heritable. This has motivated the investigation of pharmacogenomic determinants of response, and multiple studies have discovered a number of genes associated with fibrate response. Similar to other complex traits, the interrogation of single nucleotide polymorphisms using candidate gene or genome-wide approaches has not revealed a substantial portion of response variation. However, recent innovations in technological platforms and advances in statistical methodologies are revolutionizing the use and integration of other 'omes' in pharmacogenomics studies. Here, we detail successes, challenges, and recent advances in fibrate pharmacogenomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- John S House
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Department of Health & Human Services, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Alison A Motsinger-Reif
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Department of Health & Human Services, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
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7
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Williams PT. Gene-environment interactions due to quantile-specific heritability of triglyceride and VLDL concentrations. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4486. [PMID: 32161301 PMCID: PMC7066156 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60965-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
"Quantile-dependent expressivity" is a dependence of genetic effects on whether the phenotype (e.g., triglycerides) is high or low relative to its distribution in the population. Quantile-specific offspring-parent regression slopes (βOP) were estimated by quantile regression for 6227 offspring-parent pairs. Quantile-specific heritability (h2), estimated by 2βOP/(1 + rspouse), decreased 0.0047 ± 0.0007 (P = 2.9 × 10-14) for each one-percent decrement in fasting triglyceride concentrations, i.e., h2 ± SE were: 0.428 ± 0.059, 0.230 ± 0.030, 0.111 ± 0.015, 0.050 ± 0.016, and 0.033 ± 0.010 at the 90th, 75th, 50th, 25th, and 10th percentiles of the triglyceride distribution, respectively. Consistent with quantile-dependent expressivity, 11 drug studies report smaller genotype differences at lower (post-treatment) than higher (pre-treatment) triglyceride concentrations. This meant genotype-specific triglyceride changes could not move in parallel when triglycerides were decreased pharmacologically, so that subtracting pre-treatment from post-treatment triglyceride levels necessarily created a greater triglyceride decrease for the genotype with a higher pre-treatment value (purported precision-medicine genetic markers). In addition, sixty-five purported gene-environment interactions were found to be potentially attributable to triglyceride's quantile-dependent expressivity, including gene-adiposity (APOA5, APOB, APOE, GCKR, IRS-1, LPL, MTHFR, PCSK9, PNPLA3, PPARγ2), gene-exercise (APOA1, APOA2, LPL), gene-diet (APOA5, APOE, INSIG2, LPL, MYB, NXPH1, PER2, TNFA), gene-alcohol (ALDH2, APOA5, APOC3, CETP, LPL), gene-smoking (APOC3, CYBA, LPL, USF1), gene-pregnancy (LPL), and gene-insulin resistance interactions (APOE, LPL).
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul T Williams
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Molecular Biophysics & Integrated Bioimaging Division 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
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8
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Zhou Y, Mägi R, Milani L, Lauschke VM. Global genetic diversity of human apolipoproteins and effects on cardiovascular disease risk. J Lipid Res 2018; 59:1987-2000. [PMID: 30076208 PMCID: PMC6168301 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.p086710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal plasma apolipoprotein levels are consistently implicated in CVD risk. Although 30% to 60% of their interindividual variability is genetic, common genetic variants explain only 10% to 20% of these differences. Rare genetic variants may be major sources of the missing heritability, yet quantitative evaluations of their contribution to phenotypic variability are lacking. Here, we analyzed whole-genome and whole-exome sequencing data from 138,632 individuals across seven major human populations to present a systematic overview of genetic apolipoprotein variability. We provide population-specific frequencies of 38 clinically important apolipoprotein alleles and identify further 6,875 genetic variants, 33% of which are novel and 98.7% of which are rare with minor allele frequencies <1%. We predicted the functional impact of rare variants and found that their relative importance differed drastically between genes and among ethnicities. Importantly, we validated the clinical relevance of multiple variants with predicted effects by leveraging association data from the CARDIoGRAM (Coronary Artery Disease Genomewide Replication and Meta-analysis) and Global Lipids Genetics consortia. Overall, we provide a consolidated overview of population-specific apolipoprotein genetics as a valuable data resource for scientists and clinicians, estimate the importance of rare genetic variants for the missing heritability of apolipoprotein-associated disease traits, and pinpoint multiple novel apolipoprotein variants with putative population-specific impacts on serum lipid levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yitian Zhou
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Section of Pharmacogenetics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Reedik Mägi
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Lili Milani
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Volker M Lauschke
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Section of Pharmacogenetics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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9
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Wang B, DeStefano AL, Lin H. Integrative methylation score to identify epigenetic modifications associated with lipid changes resulting from fenofibrate treatment in families. BMC Proc 2018; 12:28. [PMID: 30275882 PMCID: PMC6157127 DOI: 10.1186/s12919-018-0125-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenome-wide association studies (EWAS) have traditionally focused on the association test of single epigenetic markers with complex traits. However, it is possible that multiple cytosine-phosphate-guanine (CpG) sites at the same locus could jointly exert their effects on human traits. Therefore, a region-based test that combines multiple markers could be more powerful. We used 2 different region-based tests to investigate the association between changes in DNA methylation and drug response, including the median methylation level test (MMLT) and sequence kernel association test (SKAT). No genes were found to be significantly associated with the drug response (for triglycerides, the false discovery rate ranged from 0.855 to 0.999; for high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and the false discovery rate ranged from 0.584 to 0.915). Further evidence is needed to explore potential application of gene-level methylation association analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biqi Wang
- 1Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, 801 Massachusetts Avenue, Boston, MA 02118 USA
| | - Anita L DeStefano
- 1Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, 801 Massachusetts Avenue, Boston, MA 02118 USA
| | - Honghuang Lin
- 2National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, 73 Mount Wayte Avenue, Framingham, MA 01702 USA.,3Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E Concord St, B-616, Boston, MA 02118 USA
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10
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Yusuf N, Hidalgo B, Irvin MR, Sha J, Zhi D, Tiwari HK, Absher D, Arnett DK, Aslibekyan SW. An epigenome-wide association study of inflammatory response to fenofibrate in the Genetics of Lipid Lowering Drugs and Diet Network. Pharmacogenomics 2017; 18:1333-1341. [PMID: 28835163 DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2017-0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Fenofibrate, a PPAR-α inhibitor used for treating dyslipidemia, has well-documented anti-inflammatory effects that vary between individuals. While DNA sequence variation explains some of the observed variability in response, epigenetic patterns present another promising avenue of inquiry due to the biological links between the PPAR-α pathway, homocysteine and S-adenosylmethionine - a source of methyl groups for the DNA methylation reaction. HYPOTHESIS DNA methylation variation at baseline is associated with the inflammatory response to a short-term fenofibrate treatment. METHODS We have conducted the first epigenome-wide study of inflammatory response to daily treatment with 160 mg of micronized fenofibrate over a 3-week period in the Genetics of Lipid Lowering Drugs and Diet Network (GOLDN, n = 750). Epigenome-wide DNA methylation was quantified on CD4+ T cells using the Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation450 array. RESULTS We identified multiple CpG sites significantly associated with the changes in plasma concentrations of inflammatory cytokines such as high sensitivity CRP (hsCRP, 7 CpG sites), IL-2 soluble receptor (IL-2sR, one CpG site), and IL-6 (4 CpG sites). Top CpG sites mapped to KIAA1324L (p = 2.63E-10), SMPD3 (p = 2.14E-08), SYNPO2 (p = 5.00E-08), ILF3 (p = 1.04E-07), PRR3, GNL1 (p = 6.80E-09), FAM50B (p = 3.19E-08), RPTOR (p = 9.79e-07) and several intergenic regions (p < 1.03E-07). We also derived two inflammatory patterns using principal component analysis and uncovered additional epigenetic hits for each pattern before and after fenofibrate treatment. CONCLUSION Our study provides preliminary evidence of a relationship between DNA methylation and inflammatory response to fenofibrate treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabiha Yusuf
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Bertha Hidalgo
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Marguerite R Irvin
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Jin Sha
- Center for Preventive Ophthalmology & Biostatistics (CPOB), School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Degui Zhi
- School of Biomedical Informatics, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hemant K Tiwari
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Devin Absher
- Hudson Alpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL 35806, USA
| | - Donna K Arnett
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.,College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40508, USA
| | - Stella W Aslibekyan
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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11
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Nair N, Wilson AG, Barton A. DNA methylation as a marker of response in rheumatoid arthritis. Pharmacogenomics 2017; 18:1323-1332. [PMID: 28836487 DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2016-0195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a complex disease affecting approximately 0.5-1% of the population. While there are effective biologic therapies, in up to 40% of patients, disease activity remains inadequately controlled. Therefore, identifying factors that predict, prior to the initiation of therapy, which patients are likely to respond best to which treatment is a research priority and DNA methylation is increasingly being explored as a potential theranostic biomarker. DNA methylation is thought to play a role in RA disease pathogenesis and in mediating the relationship between genetic variants and patient outcomes. The role of DNA methylation has been most extensively explored in cancer medicine, where it has been shown to be predictive of treatment response. Studies in RA, however, are in their infancy and, while showing promise, further investigation in well-powered studies is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Nair
- Arthritis Research UK Centre for Genetics & Genomics, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Anthony G Wilson
- University College Dublin School of Medicine & Medical Science & Conway Institute, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Anne Barton
- Arthritis Research UK Centre for Genetics & Genomics, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,NIHR Manchester Musculoskeletal BRU, Central Manchester Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, UK
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12
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Love-Gregory L, Kraja AT, Allum F, Aslibekyan S, Hedman ÅK, Duan Y, Borecki IB, Arnett DK, McCarthy MI, Deloukas P, Ordovas JM, Hopkins PN, Grundberg E, Abumrad NA. Higher chylomicron remnants and LDL particle numbers associate with CD36 SNPs and DNA methylation sites that reduce CD36. J Lipid Res 2016; 57:2176-2184. [PMID: 27729386 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.p065250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Revised: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36) variants influence fasting lipids and risk of metabolic syndrome, but their impact on postprandial lipids, an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease, is unclear. We determined the effects of SNPs within a ∼410 kb region encompassing CD36 and its proximal and distal promoters on chylomicron (CM) remnants and LDL particles at fasting and at 3.5 and 6 h following a high-fat meal (Genetics of Lipid Lowering Drugs and Diet Network study, n = 1,117). Five promoter variants associated with CMs, four with delayed TG clearance and five with LDL particle number. To assess mechanisms underlying the associations, we queried expression quantitative trait loci, DNA methylation, and ChIP-seq datasets for adipose and heart tissues that function in postprandial lipid clearance. Several SNPs that associated with higher serum lipids correlated with lower adipose and heart CD36 mRNA and aligned to active motifs for PPARγ, a major CD36 regulator. The SNPs also associated with DNA methylation sites that related to reduced CD36 mRNA and higher serum lipids, but mixed-model analyses indicated that the SNPs and methylation independently influence CD36 mRNA. The findings support contributions of CD36 SNPs that reduce adipose and heart CD36 RNA expression to inter-individual variability of postprandial lipid metabolism and document changes in CD36 DNA methylation that influence both CD36 expression and lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Latisha Love-Gregory
- Department of Medicine, Center for Human Nutrition Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Aldi T Kraja
- Department of Genetics, Division of Statistical Genomics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Fiona Allum
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Québec, Canada H3A 0G1
| | - Stella Aslibekyan
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Åsa K Hedman
- Departments of Medical Sciences and Molecular Epidemiology, and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75185, Sweden
| | - Yanan Duan
- Department of Genetics, Division of Statistical Genomics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Ingrid B Borecki
- Department of Genetics, Division of Statistical Genomics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Donna K Arnett
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Mark I McCarthy
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK, and Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism and Oxford National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford OX3 7JU, UK
| | - Panos Deloukas
- William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, EC1M 6BQ London, UK
| | - Jose M Ordovas
- JM-USDA-Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111
| | - Paul N Hopkins
- Cardiovascular Genetics Research, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132
| | - Elin Grundberg
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Québec, Canada H3A 0G1
| | - Nada A Abumrad
- Department of Medicine, Center for Human Nutrition Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
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13
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Irvin MR, Rotroff DM, Aslibekyan S, Zhi D, Hidalgo B, Motsinger A, Marvel S, Srinivasasainagendra V, Claas SA, Buse JB, Straka RJ, Ordovas JM, Borecki IB, Guo X, Chen IYD, Rotter JI, Wagner MJ, Arnett DK. A genome-wide study of lipid response to fenofibrate in Caucasians: a combined analysis of the GOLDN and ACCORD studies. Pharmacogenet Genomics 2016; 26:324-33. [PMID: 27002377 PMCID: PMC4986826 DOI: 10.1097/fpc.0000000000000219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fibrates are commonly prescribed for hypertriglyceridemia, but they also lower LDL cholesterol and increase HDL cholesterol. Large interindividual variations in lipid response suggest that some patients may benefit more than others and genetic studies could help identify such patients. METHODS We carried out the first genome-wide association study of lipid response to fenofibrate using data from two well-characterized clinical trials: the Genetics of Lipid Lowering Drugs and Diet Network (GOLDN) Study and the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) Study. Genome-wide association study data from both studies were imputed to the 1000 Genomes CEU reference panel (phase 1). Lipid response was modeled as the log ratio of the post-treatment lipid level to the pretreatment level. Linear mixed models (GOLDN, N=813 from 173 families) and linear regression models (ACCORD, N=781) adjusted for pretreatment lipid level, demographic variables, clinical covariates, and ancestry were used to evaluate the association of genetic markers with lipid response. Among Caucasians, the results were combined using inverse-variance weighted fixed-effects meta-analyses. The main findings from the meta-analyses were examined in other ethnic groups from the HyperTG study (N=267 Hispanics) and ACCORD (N=83 Hispanics, 138 African Americans). RESULTS A known lipid locus harboring the pre-B-cell leukemia homeobox 4 (PBX4) gene on chromosome 19 is important for LDL cholesterol response to fenofibrate (smallest P=1.5×10). The main results replicated with nominal statistical significance in Hispanics from ACCORD (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Future research should evaluate the usefulness of this locus to refine clinical strategies for lipid-lowering treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marguerite R Irvin
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham AL 35294, USA
| | - Daniel M Rotroff
- Statistics Department, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Stella Aslibekyan
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham AL 35294, USA
| | - Degui Zhi
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham AL 35294, USA
| | - Bertha Hidalgo
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham AL 35294, USA
| | - Alison Motsinger
- Statistics Department, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Skylar Marvel
- Statistics Department, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | | | - Steven A Claas
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham AL 35294, USA
| | - John B. Buse
- Diabetes Center for Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill NC 27599, USA
| | - Robert J Straka
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Jose M Ordovas
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ingrid B Borecki
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Xiuqing Guo
- Laboratory of Statistical and Mathematical Genetics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Ida YD Chen
- Laboratory for Biochemistry, Molecular Phenotyping, and Microarray, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Michael J Wagner
- Center for Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill NC 27599, USA
| | - Donna K Arnett
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham AL 35294, USA
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14
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Das M, Irvin MR, Sha J, Aslibekyan S, Hidalgo B, Perry RT, Zhi D, Tiwari HK, Absher D, Ordovas JM, Arnett DK. Lipid changes due to fenofibrate treatment are not associated with changes in DNA methylation patterns in the GOLDN study. Front Genet 2015; 6:304. [PMID: 26483836 PMCID: PMC4586504 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2015.00304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Fenofibrate lowers triglycerides (TG) and raises high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc) in dyslipidemic individuals. Several studies have shown genetic variability in lipid responses to fenofibrate treatment. It is, however, not known whether epigenetic patterns are also correlated with the changes in lipids due to fenofibrate treatment. The present study was therefore undertaken to examine the changes in DNA methylation among the participants of Genetics of Lipid Lowering Drugs and Diet Network (GOLDN) study. A total of 443 individuals were studied for epigenome-wide changes in DNA methylation, assessed using the Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation450 array, before and after a 3-week daily treatment with 160 mg of fenofibrate. The association between the change in DNA methylation and changes in TG, HDLc, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc) were assessed using linear mixed models adjusted for age, sex, baseline lipids, and study center as fixed effects and family as a random effect. Changes in DNA methylation were not significantly associated with changes in TG, HDLc, or LDLc after 3 weeks of fenofibrate for any CpG. CpG changes in genes known to be involved in fenofibrate response, e.g., PPAR-α, APOA1, LPL, APOA5, APOC3, CETP, and APOB, also did not show evidence of association. In conclusion, changes in lipids in response to 3-week treatment with fenofibrate were not associated with changes in DNA methylation. Studies of longer duration may be required to detect treatment-induced changes in methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mithun Das
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - M Ryan Irvin
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jin Sha
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Stella Aslibekyan
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Bertha Hidalgo
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Rodney T Perry
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Degui Zhi
- Department of Biostatistics, Section on Statistical Genetics, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Hemant K Tiwari
- Department of Biostatistics, Section on Statistical Genetics, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Devin Absher
- Absher Laboratory, HudsonAlpha Institute of Biotechnology Huntsville, AL, USA
| | - Jose M Ordovas
- Nutrition and Genomics Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University Boston, MA, USA
| | - Donna K Arnett
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham, AL, USA
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15
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Liu C, Yang J, Han W, Zhang Q, Shang X, Li X, Lu F, Liu X. Polymorphisms in ApoB gene are associated with risk of myocardial infarction and serum ApoB levels in a Chinese population. Int J Clin Exp Med 2015; 8:16571-16577. [PMID: 26629186 PMCID: PMC4659074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) is a serious result of coronary artery disease. Recent data from clinical trials have showed that the risk of MI was associated with high plasma apolipoprotein B (apoB) levels. Mutations in ApoB gene were also found to be associated with plasma lipid levels. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of ApoB polymorphisms on the risk of MI and plasma apoB levels in a Chinese population. Eight polymorphisms (rs676210, rs679899, rs3791980, rs2854725, rs11676704, rs512535, rs12720841 and rs2678379) in ApoB gene were genotyped in a case-control study in China, including 550 MI cases and 550 healthy controls. Carriers of GG genotype of rs676210 had significant increased risk of MI [odd ratio (OR) = 1.93, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.23-3.03] compared to carriers of AA genotype. Haplotype analysis also showed that GTTGG (rs676210-rs2854725-rs11676704-rs3791980-rs2678379) haplotype had significant increased risk of MI (OR = 2.82, 95% CI: 1.49-5.33) compared with ATTGA haplotype. Furthermore, apoB rs676210 and rs2678379 polymorphisms were significantly associated with plasma levels of apoB in healthy controls (P = 0.01 and 0.02). Our findings indicated that ApoB mutations may be associated with the risk of MI and plasma ApoB levels in healthy controls in Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changqing Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Gongren Hospital Tangshan 063000, Hebei, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Gongren Hospital Tangshan 063000, Hebei, China
| | - Wei Han
- Department of Cardiology, Gongren Hospital Tangshan 063000, Hebei, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Gongren Hospital Tangshan 063000, Hebei, China
| | - Xiaoming Shang
- Department of Cardiology, Gongren Hospital Tangshan 063000, Hebei, China
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Cardiology, Gongren Hospital Tangshan 063000, Hebei, China
| | - Feng Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Gongren Hospital Tangshan 063000, Hebei, China
| | - Xiaokun Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Gongren Hospital Tangshan 063000, Hebei, China
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Meta-analysis for Discovering Rare-Variant Associations: Statistical Methods and Software Programs. Am J Hum Genet 2015; 97:35-53. [PMID: 26094574 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2015.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
There is heightened interest in using next-generation sequencing technologies to identify rare variants that influence complex human diseases and traits. Meta-analysis is essential to this endeavor because large sample sizes are required for detecting associations with rare variants. In this article, we provide a comprehensive overview of statistical methods for meta-analysis of sequencing studies for discovering rare-variant associations. Specifically, we discuss the calculation of relevant summary statistics from participating studies, the construction of gene-level association tests, the choice of transformation for quantitative traits, the use of fixed-effects versus random-effects models, and the removal of shadow association signals through conditional analysis. We also show that meta-analysis based on properly calculated summary statistics is as powerful as joint analysis of individual-participant data. In addition, we demonstrate the performance of different meta-analysis methods by using both simulated and empirical data. We then compare four major software packages for meta-analysis of rare-variant associations-MASS, RAREMETAL, MetaSKAT, and seqMeta-in terms of the underlying statistical methodology, analysis pipeline, and software interface. Finally, we present PreMeta, a software interface that integrates the four meta-analysis packages and allows a consortium to combine otherwise incompatible summary statistics.
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17
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Sequence and analysis of a whole genome from Kuwaiti population subgroup of Persian ancestry. BMC Genomics 2015; 16:92. [PMID: 25765185 PMCID: PMC4336699 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-1233-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The 1000 Genome project paved the way for sequencing diverse human populations. New genome projects are being established to sequence underrepresented populations helping in understanding human genetic diversity. The Kuwait Genome Project an initiative to sequence individual genomes from the three subgroups of Kuwaiti population namely, Saudi Arabian tribe; “tent-dwelling” Bedouin; and Persian, attributing their ancestry to different regions in Arabian Peninsula and to modern-day Iran (West Asia). These subgroups were in line with settlement history and are confirmed by genetic studies. In this work, we report whole genome sequence of a Kuwaiti native from Persian subgroup at >37X coverage. Results We document 3,573,824 SNPs, 404,090 insertions/deletions, and 11,138 structural variations. Out of the reported SNPs and indels, 85,939 are novel. We identify 295 ‘loss-of-function’ and 2,314 ’deleterious’ coding variants, some of which carry homozygous genotypes in the sequenced genome; the associated phenotypes include pharmacogenomic traits such as greater triglyceride lowering ability with fenofibrate treatment, and requirement of high warfarin dosage to elicit anticoagulation response. 6,328 non-coding SNPs associate with 811 phenotype traits: in congruence with medical history of the participant for Type 2 diabetes and β-Thalassemia, and of participant’s family for migraine, 72 (of 159 known) Type 2 diabetes, 3 (of 4) β-Thalassemia, and 76 (of 169) migraine variants are seen in the genome. Intergenome comparisons based on shared disease-causing variants, positions the sequenced genome between Asian and European genomes in congruence with geographical location of the region. On comparison, bead arrays perform better than sequencing platforms in correctly calling genotypes in low-coverage sequenced genome regions however in the event of novel SNP or indel near genotype calling position can lead to false calls using bead arrays. Conclusions We report, for the first time, reference genome resource for the population of Persian ancestry. The resource provides a starting point for designing large-scale genetic studies in Peninsula including Kuwait, and Persian population. Such efforts on populations under-represented in global genome variation surveys help augment current knowledge on human genome diversity. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-015-1233-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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18
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Gene polymorphisms and gene scores linked to low serum carotenoid status and their associations with metabolic disturbance and depressive symptoms in African-American adults. Br J Nutr 2014; 112:992-1003. [PMID: 25201307 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114514001706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Gene polymorphisms provide a means to obtain unconfounded associations between carotenoids and various health outcomes. In the present study, we tested whether gene polymorphisms and gene scores linked to low serum carotenoid status are related to metabolic disturbance and depressive symptoms in African-American adults residing in Baltimore city, MD, using cross-sectional data from the Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity across the Life Span study (age range 30-64 years, n 873-994). We examined twenty-four SNP of various gene loci that were previously shown to be associated with low serum carotenoid status (SNPlcar). Gene risk scores were created: five low specific-carotenoid risk scores (LSCRS: α-carotene, β-carotene, lutein+zeaxanthin, β-cryptoxanthin and lycopene) and one low total-carotenoid risk score (LTCRS: total carotenoids). SNPlcar, LSCRS and LTCRS were entered as predictors for a number of health outcomes. These included obesity, National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III metabolic syndrome and its components, elevated homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, C-reactive protein, hyperuricaemia and elevated depressive symptoms (EDS, Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression score ≥ 16). Among the key findings, SNPlcar were not associated with the main outcomes after correction for multiple testing. However, an inverse association was found between the LTCRS and HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) dyslipidaemia. Specifically, the α-carotene and β-cryptoxanthin LSCRS were associated with a lower odds of HDL-C dyslipidaemia. However, the β-cryptoxanthin LSCRS was linked to a higher odds of EDS, with a linear dose-response relationship. In summary, gene risk scores linked to low serum carotenoids had mixed effects on HDL-C dyslipidaemia and EDS. Further studies using larger African-American population samples are needed.
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19
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Liu X, Liu J, Liang S, Schlüter A, Fourcade S, Aslibekyan S, Pujol A, Graf GA. ABCD2 alters peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α signaling in vitro, but does not impair responses to fenofibrate therapy in a mouse model of diet-induced obesity. Mol Pharmacol 2014; 86:505-13. [PMID: 25123288 DOI: 10.1124/mol.114.092742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fenofibrate is a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) α ligand that has been widely used as a lipid-lowering agent in the treatment of hypertriglyceridemia. ABCD2 (D2) is a peroxisomal long-chain acyl-CoA transporter that is highly induced by fenofibrate in the livers of mice. To determine whether D2 is a modifier of fibrate responses, wild-type and D2-deficient mice were treated with fenofibrate for 14 days. The absence of D2 altered expression of gene clusters associated with lipid metabolism, including PPARα signaling. Using 3T3-L1 adipocytes, which express high levels of D2, we confirmed that knockdown of D2 modified genomic responses to fibrate treatment. We next evaluated the impact of D2 on effects of fibrates in a mouse model of diet-induced obesity. Fenofibrate treatment opposed the development of obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, and insulin resistance. However, these effects were unaffected by D2 genotype. We concluded that D2 can modulate genomic responses to fibrates, but that these effects are not sufficiently robust to alter the effects of fibrates on diet-induced obesity phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxi Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, and Barnstable Brown Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky (X.L., J.L., S.L., G.A.G.); Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain (A.S., S.F., A.P.); Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Valencia, Spain (A.S., S.F., A.P.); Catalan Institution of Research and Advanced Studies, Barcelona, Spain (A.P.); and Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama (S.A.)
| | - Jingjing Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, and Barnstable Brown Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky (X.L., J.L., S.L., G.A.G.); Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain (A.S., S.F., A.P.); Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Valencia, Spain (A.S., S.F., A.P.); Catalan Institution of Research and Advanced Studies, Barcelona, Spain (A.P.); and Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama (S.A.)
| | - Shuang Liang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, and Barnstable Brown Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky (X.L., J.L., S.L., G.A.G.); Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain (A.S., S.F., A.P.); Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Valencia, Spain (A.S., S.F., A.P.); Catalan Institution of Research and Advanced Studies, Barcelona, Spain (A.P.); and Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama (S.A.)
| | - Agatha Schlüter
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, and Barnstable Brown Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky (X.L., J.L., S.L., G.A.G.); Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain (A.S., S.F., A.P.); Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Valencia, Spain (A.S., S.F., A.P.); Catalan Institution of Research and Advanced Studies, Barcelona, Spain (A.P.); and Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama (S.A.)
| | - Stephane Fourcade
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, and Barnstable Brown Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky (X.L., J.L., S.L., G.A.G.); Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain (A.S., S.F., A.P.); Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Valencia, Spain (A.S., S.F., A.P.); Catalan Institution of Research and Advanced Studies, Barcelona, Spain (A.P.); and Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama (S.A.)
| | - Stella Aslibekyan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, and Barnstable Brown Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky (X.L., J.L., S.L., G.A.G.); Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain (A.S., S.F., A.P.); Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Valencia, Spain (A.S., S.F., A.P.); Catalan Institution of Research and Advanced Studies, Barcelona, Spain (A.P.); and Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama (S.A.)
| | - Aurora Pujol
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, and Barnstable Brown Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky (X.L., J.L., S.L., G.A.G.); Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain (A.S., S.F., A.P.); Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Valencia, Spain (A.S., S.F., A.P.); Catalan Institution of Research and Advanced Studies, Barcelona, Spain (A.P.); and Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama (S.A.)
| | - Gregory A Graf
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, and Barnstable Brown Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky (X.L., J.L., S.L., G.A.G.); Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain (A.S., S.F., A.P.); Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Valencia, Spain (A.S., S.F., A.P.); Catalan Institution of Research and Advanced Studies, Barcelona, Spain (A.P.); and Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama (S.A.)
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Shin SY, Petersen AK, Wahl S, Zhai G, Römisch-Margl W, Small KS, Döring A, Kato BS, Peters A, Grundberg E, Prehn C, Wang-Sattler R, Wichmann HE, de Angelis MH, Illig T, Adamski J, Deloukas P, Spector TD, Suhre K, Gieger C, Soranzo N. Interrogating causal pathways linking genetic variants, small molecule metabolites, and circulating lipids. Genome Med 2014; 6:25. [PMID: 24678845 PMCID: PMC4062056 DOI: 10.1186/gm542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging technologies based on mass spectrometry or nuclear magnetic resonance enable the monitoring of hundreds of small metabolites from tissues or body fluids. Profiling of metabolites can help elucidate causal pathways linking established genetic variants to known disease risk factors such as blood lipid traits. METHODS We applied statistical methodology to dissect causal relationships between single nucleotide polymorphisms, metabolite concentrations, and serum lipid traits, focusing on 95 genetic loci reproducibly associated with the four main serum lipids (total-, low-density lipoprotein-, and high-density lipoprotein- cholesterol and triglycerides). The dataset used included 2,973 individuals from two independent population-based cohorts with data for 151 small molecule metabolites and four main serum lipids. Three statistical approaches, namely conditional analysis, Mendelian randomization, and structural equation modeling, were compared to investigate causal relationship at sets of a single nucleotide polymorphism, a metabolite, and a lipid trait associated with one another. RESULTS A subset of three lipid-associated loci (FADS1, GCKR, and LPA) have a statistically significant association with at least one main lipid and one metabolite concentration in our data, defining a total of 38 cross-associated sets of a single nucleotide polymorphism, a metabolite and a lipid trait. Structural equation modeling provided sufficient discrimination to indicate that the association of a single nucleotide polymorphism with a lipid trait was mediated through a metabolite at 15 of the 38 sets, and involving variants at the FADS1 and GCKR loci. CONCLUSIONS These data provide a framework for evaluating the causal role of components of the metabolome (or other intermediate factors) in mediating the association between established genetic variants and diseases or traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- So-Youn Shin
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1HH, UK ; MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Ann-Kristin Petersen
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg D-85764, Germany
| | - Simone Wahl
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg D-85764, Germany ; Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg D-85764, Germany ; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Guangju Zhai
- Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London SE1 7EH, UK ; Discipline of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Werner Römisch-Margl
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg D-85764, Germany
| | - Kerrin S Small
- Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Angela Döring
- Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg D-85764, Germany ; Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg D-85764, Germany
| | - Bernet S Kato
- Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London SE1 7EH, UK ; Respiratory Epidemiology, Occupational Medicine and Public Health, Imperial College London, London SW3 6LR, UK
| | - Annette Peters
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg D-85764, Germany
| | - Elin Grundberg
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal H3A 1A5, Canada ; Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, McGill University, Montreal H3A 1A5, Canada
| | - Cornelia Prehn
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Genome Analysis Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg D-85764, Germany
| | - Rui Wang-Sattler
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg D-85764, Germany
| | - H-Erich Wichmann
- Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg D-85764, Germany ; Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Chair of Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München D-81377, Germany ; Klinikum Grosshadern, München D-81377, Germany
| | - Martin Hrabé de Angelis
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Genome Analysis Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg D-85764, Germany ; Institute of Experimental Genetics, Life and Food Science Center Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Freising D-85354, Germany
| | - Thomas Illig
- Hannover Unified Biobank, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Jerzy Adamski
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Genome Analysis Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg D-85764, Germany ; Institute of Experimental Genetics, Life and Food Science Center Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Freising D-85354, Germany
| | - Panos Deloukas
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1HH, UK ; Willian Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK ; Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Centre of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders (PACER-HD), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tim D Spector
- Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Karsten Suhre
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg D-85764, Germany ; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, Education City - Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Christian Gieger
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg D-85764, Germany
| | - Nicole Soranzo
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1HH, UK ; Department of Hematology, Long Road, Cambridge CB2 0PT, UK
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Genome-wide association studies identified novel loci for non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and its postprandial lipemic response. Hum Genet 2014; 133:919-30. [PMID: 24604477 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-014-1435-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(NHDL) is an independent and superior predictor of CVD risk as compared to low-density lipoprotein alone. It represents a spectrum of atherogenic lipid fractions with possibly a distinct genomic signature. We performed genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to identify loci influencing baseline NHDL and its postprandial lipemic (PPL) response. We carried out GWAS in 4,241 participants of European descent. Our discovery cohort included 928 subjects from the Genetics of Lipid-Lowering Drugs and Diet Network Study. Our replication cohorts included 3,313 subjects from the Heredity and Phenotype Intervention Heart Study and Family Heart Study. A linear mixed model using the kinship matrix was used for association tests. The best association signal was found in a tri-genic region at RHOQ-PIGF-CRIPT for baseline NHDL (lead SNP rs6544903, discovery p = 7e-7, MAF = 2 %; validation p = 6e-4 at 0.1 kb upstream neighboring SNP rs3768725, and 5e-4 at 0.7 kb downstream neighboring SNP rs6733143, MAF = 10 %). The lead and neighboring SNPs were not perfect surrogate proxies to each other (D' = 1, r (2) = 0.003) but they seemed to be partially dependent (likelihood ration test p = 0.04). Other suggestive loci (discovery p < 1e-6) included LOC100419812 and LOC100288337 for baseline NHDL, and LOC100420502 and CDH13 for NHDL PPL response that were not replicated (p > 0.01). The current and first GWAS of NHDL yielded an interesting common variant in RHOQ-PIGF-CRIPT influencing baseline NHDL levels. Another common variant in CDH13 for NHDL response to dietary high-fat intake challenge was also suggested. Further validations for both loci from large independent studies, especially interventional studies, are warranted.
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22
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Jiang J, Chen H, Wang L. Gene expression analysis of familial hypercholesterolemia. Mol Biol 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s002689331401004x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Abstract
Statins are the most widely used group of lipid-lowering drugs and they have been shown to be effective in the prevention of cardiovascular disease, primarily by reducing plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations and possibly through other pleiotropic effects. However, there are large variations in lipid responses to statins and some patients have intolerable muscle adverse drug reactions, which may in part be related to genetic factors. In the last decade, pharmacogenetic studies on statins ranging from the candidate gene approach to the more recent genome-wide association studies have provided evidence that genetic variations play an important role in determining statin responses. This review summarizes the current understanding on the pharmacogenomics of statins and other lipid-lowering drugs in current use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Hu
- Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Brian Tomlinson
- Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR.
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24
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Kim DS, Burt AA, Ranchalis JE, Jarvik ER, Rosenthal EA, Hatsukami TS, Furlong CE, Jarvik GP. Novel gene-by-environment interactions: APOB and NPC1L1 variants affect the relationship between dietary and total plasma cholesterol. J Lipid Res 2013; 54:1512-20. [PMID: 23482652 PMCID: PMC3622343 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.p035238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2012] [Revised: 03/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in developed countries. Plasma cholesterol level is a key risk factor in CVD pathogenesis. Genetic and dietary variation both influence plasma cholesterol; however, little is known about dietary interactions with genetic variants influencing the absorption and transport of dietary cholesterol. We sought to determine whether gut expressed variants predicting plasma cholesterol differentially affected the relationship between dietary and plasma cholesterol levels in 1,128 subjects (772/356 in the discovery/replication cohorts, respectively). Four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within three genes (APOB, CETP, and NPC1L1) were significantly associated with plasma cholesterol in the discovery cohort. These were subsequently evaluated for gene-by-environment (GxE) interactions with dietary cholesterol for the prediction of plasma cholesterol, with significant findings tested for replication. Novel GxE interactions were identified and replicated for two variants: rs1042034, an APOB Ser4338Asn missense SNP and rs2072183 (in males only), a synonymous NPC1L1 SNP in linkage disequilibrium with SNPs 5' of NPC1L1. This study identifies the presence of novel GxE and gender interactions implying that differential gut absorption is the basis for the variant associations with plasma cholesterol. These GxE interactions may account for part of the "missing heritability" not accounted for by genetic associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel S. Kim
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
- Department of Genome Sciences, and University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
| | - Amber A. Burt
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
| | - Jane E. Ranchalis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
| | - Ella R. Jarvik
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
| | - Elisabeth A. Rosenthal
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
| | - Thomas S. Hatsukami
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
| | - Clement E. Furlong
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
- Department of Genome Sciences, and University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
| | - Gail P. Jarvik
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
- Department of Genome Sciences, and University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
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25
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Mäkelä KM, Seppälä I, Hernesniemi JA, Lyytikäinen LP, Oksala N, Kleber ME, Scharnagl H, Grammer TB, Baumert J, Thorand B, Jula A, Hutri-Kähönen N, Juonala M, Laitinen T, Laaksonen R, Karhunen PJ, Nikus KC, Nieminen T, Laurikka J, Kuukasjärvi P, Tarkka M, Viik J, Klopp N, Illig T, Kettunen J, Ahotupa M, Viikari JSA, Kähönen M, Raitakari OT, Karakas M, Koenig W, Boehm BO, Winkelmann BR, März W, Lehtimäki T. Genome-wide association study pinpoints a new functional apolipoprotein B variant influencing oxidized low-density lipoprotein levels but not cardiovascular events: AtheroRemo Consortium. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 6:73-81. [PMID: 23247145 DOI: 10.1161/circgenetics.112.964965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidized low-density lipoprotein may be a key factor in the development of atherosclerosis. We performed a genome-wide association study on oxidized low-density lipoprotein and tested the impact of associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on the risk factors of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular events. METHODS AND RESULTS A discovery genome-wide association study was performed on a population of young healthy white individuals (N=2080), and the SNPs associated with a P<5×10(-8) were replicated in 2 independent samples (A: N=2912; B: N=1326). Associations with cardiovascular endpoints were also assessed with 2 additional clinical cohorts (C: N=1118; and D: N=808). We found 328 SNPs associated with oxidized low-density lipoprotein. The genetic variant rs676210 (Pro2739Leu) in apolipoprotein B was the proxy SNP behind all associations (P=4.3×10(-136), effect size=13.2 U/L per allele). This association was replicated in the 2 independent samples (A and B, P=2.5×10(-47) and 1.1×10(-11), effect sizes=10.3 U/L and 7.8 U/L, respectively). In the meta-analyses of cohorts A, C, and D (excluding cohort B without angiographic data), the top SNP did not associate significantly with the age of onset of angiographically verified coronary artery disease (hazard ratio=1.00 [0.94-1.06] per allele), 3-vessel coronary artery disease (hazard ratio=1.03 [0.94-1.13]), or myocardial infarction (hazard ratio=1.04 [0.96-1.12]). CONCLUSIONS This novel genetic marker is an important factor regulating oxidized low-density lipoprotein levels but not a major genetic factor for the studied cardiovascular endpoints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kari-Matti Mäkelä
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Finn-Medi 2, PO Box 2000, FI-33521 Tampere, Finland.
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26
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Barbosa EJL, Glad CAM, Nilsson AG, Filipsson Nyström H, Götherström G, Svensson PA, Vinotti I, Bengtsson BÅ, Nilsson S, Boguszewski CL, Johannsson G. Genotypes associated with lipid metabolism contribute to differences in serum lipid profile of GH-deficient adults before and after GH replacement therapy. Eur J Endocrinol 2012; 167:353-62. [PMID: 22715478 DOI: 10.1530/eje-12-0263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE GH deficiency (GHD) in adults is associated with an altered serum lipid profile that responds to GH replacement therapy (GHRT). This study evaluated the influence of polymorphisms in genes related to lipid metabolism on serum lipid profile before and after 1 year of GHRT in adults. DESIGN AND METHODS In 318 GHD patients, total cholesterol (TC) serum concentrations, LDL-C, HDL-C, and triglycerides (TG) were assessed. Using a candidate gene approach, 20 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped. GH dose was individually titrated to obtain normal serum IGF1 concentrations. RESULTS At baseline, the minor alleles of cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) gene SNPs rs708272 and rs1800775 were associated with higher serum TC and apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene SNP rs7412 with lower TC concentrations; CETP SNPs rs708272, rs1800775, and rs3764261 and apolipoprotein B (APOB) gene SNP rs693 with higher serum HDL-C; APOE SNP rs7412, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG) gene SNP rs10865710 with lower LDL-C, and CETP SNP rs1800775 with higher LDL-C; and APOE/C1/C4/C2 cluster SNP rs35136575 with lower serum TG. After treatment, APOB SNP rs676210 GG genotype was associated with larger reductions in TC and LDL-C and PPARG SNP rs10865710 CC genotype with greater TC reduction. All associations remained significant when adjusted for age, sex, and BMI. CONCLUSIONS In GHD adults, multiple SNPs in genes related to lipid metabolism contributed to individual differences in baseline serum lipid profile. The GH treatment response in TC and LDL-C was influenced by polymorphisms in the APOB and PPARG genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edna J L Barbosa
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, University of Gothenburg, Gröna Straket 8, SE-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden.
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27
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A genome-wide association study of inflammatory biomarker changes in response to fenofibrate treatment in the Genetics of Lipid Lowering Drug and Diet Network. Pharmacogenet Genomics 2012; 22:191-7. [PMID: 22228203 DOI: 10.1097/fpc.0b013e32834fdd41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Despite the evidence in support of the anti-inflammatory and triglyceride-lowering effects of fenofibrate, little is known about genetic determinants of the observed heterogeneity in treatment response. This study provides the first genome-wide examination of fenofibrate effects on systemic inflammation. METHODS Biomarkers of inflammation were measured in participants of the Genetics of Lipid Lowering Drugs and Diet Network (n=1092) before and after a 3-week daily treatment with 160 mg of fenofibrate. Two inflammatory patterns [high-sensitivity C-reactive protein-interleukin-6 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1-tumor necrosis factor (MCP1-TNF-α)] were derived using principal component analysis. Associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms on the Affymetrix 6.0 chip and phenotypes were assessed using mixed linear models, adjusted for age, sex, study center, and ancestry as fixed effects and pedigree as a random effect. RESULTS Before fenofibrate treatment, the strongest evidence for association was observed for polymorphisms near or within the IL2RA gene with the high-sensitivity C-reactive protein-interleukin-6 (IL6) pattern (rs7911500, P=5×10 and rs12722605, P=5×10). Associations of the MCP1-TNF-α pattern with loci in several biologically plausible genes [CYP4F8 (rs3764563), APBB1IP (rs1775246), COL13A1 (rs2683572), and COMMD10 (rs1396485)] approached genome-wide significance (P=3×10, 5×10, 6×10, and 7×10, respectively) before fenofibrate treatment. After fenofibrate treatment, the rs12722605 locus in IL2RA was also associated with the MCP1-TNF-α pattern (P=3×10). The analyses of individual biomarker response to fenofibrate did not yield genome-wide significant results, but the rs6517147 locus near the immunologically relevant IFNAR2 gene was suggestively associated with IL6 (P=7×10). CONCLUSION We have identified several novel biologically relevant loci associated with systemic inflammation before and after fenofibrate treatment.
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28
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Trottier J, Białek A, Caron P, Straka RJ, Heathcote J, Milkiewicz P, Barbier O. Metabolomic profiling of 17 bile acids in serum from patients with primary biliary cirrhosis and primary sclerosing cholangitis: a pilot study. Dig Liver Dis 2012; 44:303-10. [PMID: 22169272 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2011.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2011] [Revised: 10/20/2011] [Accepted: 10/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary biliary cirrhosis and primary sclerosing cholangitis are two cholestatic diseases characterised by hepatic accumulation of bile acids. AIMS This study compares serum bile acid levels in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis and primary sclerosing cholangitis and from age and sex-matched non cholestatic donors. METHODS Seventeen bile acids were quantified using liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. Serum samples from cholestatic patients were compared with those of non-cholestatic donors. RESULTS The concentration of total bile acids, taurine and glycine conjugates of primary bile acids was elevated in both patients with primary biliary cirrhosis and primary sclerosing cholangitis when compared to non-cholestatic donors. Samples from primary sclerosing cholangitis patients displayed reduced levels of secondary acids, when compared to non cholestatic and primary biliary cirrhosis sera. The ratio of total glycine versus total taurine conjugates was reduced in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis, but not in primary sclerosing cholangitis. CONCLUSION The present study suggests that circulating bile acids are altered differentially in primary biliary cirrhosis and primary sclerosing cholangitis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jocelyn Trottier
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, CHUQ Research Center and the Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University, Québec, Canada
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29
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Shen J, Arnett DK, Parnell LD, Lai CQ, Straka RJ, Hopkins PN, An P, Feitosa MF, Ordovás JM. The effect of CYP7A1 polymorphisms on lipid responses to fenofibrate. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2012; 59:254-9. [PMID: 22075751 PMCID: PMC3868459 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0b013e31823de86b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION CYP7A1 encodes cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase, an enzyme crucial to cholesterol homeostasis. Its transcriptional activity is downregulated by fenofibrate. The goal of this study was to determine the effect of CYP7A1 polymorphisms on lipid changes in response to fenofibrate. METHODS We examined the associations of 3 tagging single nuclear polymorphisms (i6782C>T, m204T>G, 3U12536A>C) at CYP7A1 with triglyceride (TG) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL)-C responses to a 3-week treatment with 160 mg/d of fenofibrate in 864 US white participants from the Genetics of Lipid Lowering Drugs and Diet Network study. RESULTS The m204T>G variant was significantly associated with TG and HDL-C responses with fenofibrate. Individuals homozygous for the common T allele of m204T>G single nuclear polymorphism displayed both the greater reduction of TG (-32% for TT, -28% for GT, -25% for GG, P = 0.004) and an increase of HDL-C response compared with noncarriers (4.1% for TT, 3.4% for GT, 1.2% for GG, P = 0.01). Conversely, individuals homozygous for the minor allele of i6782C>T showed a greater increase in the HDL-C response compared with noncarriers (2.8% CC, 4.5% for CT, 5.8% for TT, P = 0.02), albeit no significant effect on TG response. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that common variants at the CYP7A1 locus modulate the TG-lowering and HDL-C-raising effects of fenofibrate, and contribute to the interindividual variation of the drug responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Shen
- Bone and Mineral Unit, Division of Endocrinology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
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Brautbar A, Covarrubias D, Belmont J, Lara-Garduno F, Virani SS, Jones PH, Leal SM, Ballantyne CM. Variants in the APOA5 gene region and the response to combination therapy with statins and fenofibric acid in a randomized clinical trial of individuals with mixed dyslipidemia. Atherosclerosis 2011; 219:737-42. [PMID: 21889769 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2011.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2011] [Revised: 08/02/2011] [Accepted: 08/10/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Atherogenic dyslipidemia is highly associated with coronary heart disease and is characterized by elevated triglycerides (TG), low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). The combination of statins and fibrates is a common modality to treat individuals with atherogenic dyslipidemia. We sought to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with HDL-C, TG, and apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA-I) response to combination therapy with statins and fenofibric acid (FA) in individuals with atherogenic dyslipidemia. METHODS 2228 individuals with mixed dyslipidemia who were participating in a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, active-controlled study comparing FA alone, in combination with a statin, or statin alone for a 12-week period, were genotyped for 304 candidate SNPs. A multivariate linear regression analysis for percent change in HDL-C, ApoA-I and TG levels was performed. RESULTS SNPs in the apolipoprotein (APO) A5-ZNF259 region rs3741298 (P = 1.8 × 10(-7)), rs964184 (P = 3.6 × 10(-6)), rs651821 (P = 4.5 × 10(-5)), and rs10750097 (P = 1 × 10(-4)), were significantly associated with HDL-C response to combination therapy with statins and FA, with a similar association identified for ApoA-I. A haplotype composed of the minor alleles of SNPs rs3741298, rs964184, and rs10750097, was associated with a positive response to statins and FA (P = 8.7 × 10(-7)) and had a frequency of 18% in the study population. CONCLUSION In a population with atherogenic dyslipidemia, common SNPs and haplotypes within the APOA5-ZNF259 region are highly associated with HDL-C and ApoA-I response to combination therapy with statins and FA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel Brautbar
- Section of Cardiovascular Research, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Trottier J, Białek A, Caron P, Straka RJ, Milkiewicz P, Barbier O. Profiling circulating and urinary bile acids in patients with biliary obstruction before and after biliary stenting. PLoS One 2011; 6:e22094. [PMID: 21760958 PMCID: PMC3132779 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0022094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2011] [Accepted: 06/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Bile acids are considered as extremely toxic at the high concentrations reached during bile duct obstruction, but each acid displays variable cytotoxic properties. This study investigates how biliary obstruction and restoration of bile flow interferes with urinary and circulating levels of 17 common bile acids. Bile acids (conjugated and unconjugated) were quantified by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry in serum and urine samples from 17 patients (8 men and 9 women) with biliary obstruction, before and after biliary stenting. Results were compared with serum concentrations measured in 40 age- and sex-paired control donors (20 men and 20 women). The total circulating bile acid concentration increases from 2.7 µM in control donors to 156.9 µM in untreated patients with biliary stenosis. Serum taurocholic and glycocholic acids exhibit 304- and 241-fold accumulations in patients with biliary obstruction compared to controls. The enrichment in chenodeoxycholic acid species reached a maximum of only 39-fold, while all secondary and 6α-hydroxylated species--except taurolithocholic acids--were either unchanged or significantly reduced. Stenting was efficient in restoring an almost normal circulating profile and in reducing urinary bile acids. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate that biliary obstruction affects differentially the circulating and/or urinary levels of the various bile acids. The observation that the most drastically affected acids correspond to the less toxic species supports the activation of self-protecting mechanisms aimed at limiting the inherent toxicity of bile acids in face of biliary obstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jocelyn Trottier
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec (CHUQ) Research Center and the Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University, Québec, Canada
| | - Andrzej Białek
- Department of Gastroenterology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Patrick Caron
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec (CHUQ) Research Center and the Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University, Québec, Canada
| | - Robert J. Straka
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Piotr Milkiewicz
- Liver Unit and Liver Research Laboratories, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Olivier Barbier
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec (CHUQ) Research Center and the Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University, Québec, Canada
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Trottier J, Caron P, Straka RJ, Barbier O. Profile of serum bile acids in noncholestatic volunteers: gender-related differences in response to fenofibrate. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2011; 90:279-86. [PMID: 21716269 PMCID: PMC4666518 DOI: 10.1038/clpt.2011.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Fenofibrate belongs to hypolipidemic fibrates that act as activators of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α, a regulator of bile acid synthesis, metabolism and transport. The present study aimed at evaluating the effects of fenofibrate on the circulating bile acid profile in humans. Hundred healthy men and women completed a 3-week intervention with fenofibrate, and 17 bile acid species were measured in serum samples drawn before and after fenofibrate treatment. Fenofibrate caused significant reductions in levels of chenodeoxycholic (−26.4%), ursodeoxycholic (−30.5%), lithocholic (−18.4%), deoxycholic (−22.3%) and hyodeoxycholic (−19.2%) acids. A gender-related difference was observed in the response of various bile acids and the total bile acid concentration was significantly reduced only in men (−18.6%), while remaining almost unchanged in women (+0.36%). This difference detected suggests that fenofibrate should be more efficient at reducing bile acid toxicity in men than in women in cholestatic liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Trottier
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Molecular Endocrinology and Oncology Research Center, CHUQ Research Center, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
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