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Maitin-Shepard M, Werner EF, Feig LA, Chavarro JE, Mumford SL, Wylie B, Rando OJ, Gaskins AJ, Sakkas D, Arora M, Kudesia R, Lujan ME, Braun J, Mozaffarian D. Food, nutrition, and fertility: from soil to fork. Am J Clin Nutr 2024; 119:578-589. [PMID: 38101699 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2023.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Food and nutrition-related factors, including foods and nutrients consumed, dietary patterns, use of dietary supplements, adiposity, and exposure to food-related environmental contaminants, have the potential to impact semen quality and male and female fertility; obstetric, fetal, and birth outcomes; and the health of future generations, but gaps in evidence remain. On 9 November 2022, Tufts University's Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy and the school's Food and Nutrition Innovation Institute hosted a 1-d meeting to explore the evidence and evidence gaps regarding the relationships between food, nutrition, and fertility. Topics addressed included male fertility, female fertility and gestation, and intergenerational effects. This meeting report summarizes the presentations and deliberations from the meeting. Regarding male fertility, a positive association exists with a healthy dietary pattern, with high-quality evidence for semen quality and lower quality evidence for clinical outcomes. Folic acid and zinc supplementation have been found to not impact male fertility. In females, body weight status and other nutrition-related factors are linked to nearly half of all ovulation disorders, a leading cause of female infertility. Females with obesity have worse fertility treatment, pregnancy-related, and birth outcomes. Environmental contaminants found in food, water, or its packaging, including lead, perfluorinated alkyl substances, phthalates, and phenols, adversely impact female reproductive outcomes. Epigenetic research has found that maternal and paternal dietary-related factors can impact outcomes for future generations. Priority evidence gaps identified by meeting participants relate to the effects of nutrition and dietary patterns on fertility, gaps in communication regarding fertility optimization through changes in nutritional and environmental exposures, and interventions impacting germ cell mechanisms through dietary effects. Participants developed research proposals to address the priority evidence gaps. The workshop findings serve as a foundation for future prioritization of scientific research to address evidence gaps related to food, nutrition, and fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erika F Werner
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Larry A Feig
- Department of Developmental, Molecular, and Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jorge E Chavarro
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Sunni L Mumford
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Blair Wylie
- Collaborative for Women's Environmental Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Oliver J Rando
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Audrey J Gaskins
- Department of Epidemiology, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | | | - Manish Arora
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | | | - Marla E Lujan
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Joseph Braun
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Dariush Mozaffarian
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States; Food is Medicine Institute, Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States.
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Antioxidants and antioxidant methods: an updated overview. Arch Toxicol 2020; 94:651-715. [PMID: 32180036 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-020-02689-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 707] [Impact Index Per Article: 176.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Antioxidants had a growing interest owing to their protective roles in food and pharmaceutical products against oxidative deterioration and in the body and against oxidative stress-mediated pathological processes. Screening of antioxidant properties of plants and plant-derived compounds requires appropriate methods, which address the mechanism of antioxidant activity and focus on the kinetics of the reactions including the antioxidants. Many studies evaluating the antioxidant activity of various samples of research interest using different methods in food and human health have been conducted. These methods are classified, described, and discussed in this review. Methods based on inhibited autoxidation are the most suited for termination-enhancing antioxidants and for chain-breaking antioxidants, while different specific studies are needed for preventive antioxidants. For this purpose, the most common methods used in vitro determination of antioxidant capacity of food constituents were examined. Also, a selection of chemical testing methods was critically reviewed and highlighted. In addition, their advantages, disadvantages, limitations and usefulness were discussed and investigated for pure molecules and raw extracts. The effect and influence of the reaction medium on the performance of antioxidants are also addressed. Hence, this overview provides a basis and rationale for developing standardized antioxidant methods for the food, nutraceuticals, and dietary supplement industries. In addition, the most important advantages and shortcomings of each method were detected and highlighted. The chemical principles of these methods are outlined and critically discussed. The chemical principles of methods of 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonate) radical (ABTS·+) scavenging, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH·) radical scavenging, Fe3+-Fe2+ transformation assay, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay, cupric ions (Cu2+) reducing power assay (Cuprac), Folin-Ciocalteu reducing capacity (FCR assay), peroxyl radical (ROO·), superoxide radical anion (O2·-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) scavenging assay, hydroxyl radical (OH·) scavenging assay, singlet oxygen (1O2) quenching assay, nitric oxide radical (NO·) scavenging assay and chemiluminescence assay are outlined and critically discussed. Also, the general antioxidant aspects of main food components were discussed by a number of methods, which are currently used for the detection of antioxidant properties of food components. This review consists of two main sections. The first section is devoted to the main components in the food and pharmaceutical applications. The second general section comprises some definitions of the main antioxidant methods commonly used for the determination of the antioxidant activity of components. In addition, some chemical, mechanistic and kinetic basis, and technical details of the used methods are given.
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Medrano L, Amatya K, Vizthum D, Fadrowski JJ, Brady TM. Association of mood disorders with cardiovascular disease risk factors in overweight and obese youth with elevated blood pressure. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2018; 20:1268-1275. [PMID: 30019457 PMCID: PMC6135674 DOI: 10.1111/jch.13348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The American Heart Association defines mood disorders (MDO) as a tier-II cardiovascular disease risk factor in children. Cross-sectional analysis of overweight/obese children referred to an obesity hypertension clinic revealed 37% had a MDO (defined by clinical diagnosis or Patient Health Questionnaire-9/-A score ≥10), 55% had confirmed hypertension, and 75% left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). Children with MDOs were older, had greater measures of adiposity, and had a greater prevalence of hypertension (78%) than those without MDOs (42%; P = .04). Hypertensive children were 2.8 times more likely to have a MDO than those without (52% vs 18%; P = .02). Multivariable logistic regression revealed a statistically significant independent association of MDOs with hypertension (Odds Ratio [OR] 6.3, P = .048), but not LVH (LVMI ≥ 51 g/m2.7 ; OR 1.13, P = .88). Overall, the prevalence of MDOs in this group of overweight/obese children with elevated blood pressure was well above national averages, suggesting that at-risk youth, particularly those with confirmed hypertension, should be regularly screened for MDOs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah Medrano
- Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Kaushalendra Amatya
- Division of Child and Adolescent PsychiatryChildren's National Medical CenterWashingtonDCUSA
| | - Diane Vizthum
- Institute for Clinical and Translational ResearchJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Jeffrey J. Fadrowski
- Division of Pediatric NephrologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Tammy M. Brady
- Division of Pediatric NephrologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA
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Shivakumar A, Yogendra Kumar MS. Critical Review on the Analytical Mechanistic Steps in the Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2018; 48:214-236. [DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2017.1400423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - M. S. Yogendra Kumar
- Defence Bio-Engineering and Electromedical Laboratory, Defense Research and Development Organization, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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El Kamouni S, El Kebbaj R, Andreoletti P, El Ktaibi A, Rharrassi I, Essamadi A, El Kebbaj MS, Mandard S, Latruffe N, Vamecq J, Nasser B, Cherkaoui-Malki M. Protective Effect of Argan and Olive Oils against LPS-Induced Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Mice Livers. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18102181. [PMID: 29048364 PMCID: PMC5666862 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18102181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis causes severe dysregulation of organ functions, via the development of oxidative stress and inflammation. These pathophysiological mechanisms are mimicked in mice injected with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Here, protective properties of argan oil against LPS-induced oxidative stress and inflammation are explored in the murine model. Mice received standard chow, supplemented with argan oil (AO) or olive oil (OO) for 25 days, before septic shock was provoked with a single intraperitoneal injection of LPS, 16 hours prior to animal sacrifice. In addition to a rise in oxidative stress and inflammatory markers, injected LPS also caused hepatotoxicity, accompanied by hyperglycemia, hypercholesterolemia and hyperuremia. These LPS-associated toxic effects were blunted by AO pretreatment, as corroborated by normal plasma parameters and cell stress markers (glutathione: GSH) and antioxidant enzymology (catalase, CAT; superoxide dismutase, SOD and glutathione peroxidase, GPx). Hematoxylin–eosin staining revealed that AO can protect against acute liver injury, maintaining a normal status, which is pointed out by absent or reduced LPS-induced hepatic damage markers (i.e., alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST)). Our work also indicated that AO displayed anti-inflammatory activity, due to down-regulations of genes encoding pro-inflammatory cytokines Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α) and in up-regulations of the expression of anti-inflammatory genes encoding Interleukin-4 (IL-4) and Interleukin-10 (IL-10). OO provided animals with similar, though less extensive, protective changes. Collectively our work adds compelling evidence to the protective mechanisms of AO against LPS-induced liver injury and hence therapeutic potentialities, in regard to the management of human sepsis. Activations of IL-4/Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors (IL-4/PPARs) signaling and, under LPS, an anti-inflammatory IL-10/Liver X Receptor (IL-10/LXR) route, obviously indicated the high potency and plasticity of the anti-inflammatory properties of argan oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soufiane El Kamouni
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Neurosciences, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Hassan I, BP577, Settat 26000, Morocco.
| | - Riad El Kebbaj
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Neurosciences, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Hassan I, BP577, Settat 26000, Morocco.
- Laboratoire des Sciences et Technologies de la Santé, Institut Supérieur des Sciences de la santé Université Hassan I, Settat 26000, Morocco.
| | - Pierre Andreoletti
- Laboratoire Bio-PeroxIL EA7270, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UFR SVTE, Dijon 21000, France.
| | - Abderrahim El Ktaibi
- Laboratoire d'Anatomie Pathologique Hôpital Militaire Avicenne, Marrakech 40000, Morocco.
| | - Issam Rharrassi
- Laboratoire d'Anatomie Pathologique Hôpital Militaire Avicenne, Marrakech 40000, Morocco.
| | - Abdelkhalid Essamadi
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Neurosciences, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Hassan I, BP577, Settat 26000, Morocco.
| | - M'hammed Saïd El Kebbaj
- Laboratoire de Biochimie, Faculté des Sciences-Aïn Chock, Université Hassan II-Aïn chock, Casablanca 20000, Morocco.
| | - Stéphane Mandard
- Lipness Team, INSERM, Research Center UMR866 and LabEx LipSTIC, Université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Faculté de Médecine, Dijon 21000, France.
| | - Norbert Latruffe
- Laboratoire Bio-PeroxIL EA7270, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UFR SVTE, Dijon 21000, France.
| | - Joseph Vamecq
- INSERM and HMNO, CBP, CHRU Lille, Lille 59037 and RADEME EA 7364, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Lille 2, Lille 59045, France.
| | - Boubker Nasser
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Neurosciences, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Hassan I, BP577, Settat 26000, Morocco.
| | - Mustapha Cherkaoui-Malki
- Laboratoire Bio-PeroxIL EA7270, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UFR SVTE, Dijon 21000, France.
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Šlosár M, Mezeyová I, Hegedüsová A, Golian M. Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) growing in conditions of southern Slovak republic. POTRAVINARSTVO 2016. [DOI: 10.5219/626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) belongs to very important crops from aspect of its world production. It is grown in large areas in Asia, on the contrary, sweet potato production in Europe presents minimal part of its total world rate. The sweet potato is less-known crop, grown only on small area in home gardens in Slovak Republic. Tubers of sweet potato are characterized by anti-diabetic, anti-oxidant and anti-proliferative properties due to the presence of valuable health-promoting components, such as carotenoids or vitamin C. The main objective of study was testing of sweet potato growing in conditions of southern Slovak Republic with focus on quantity and quality of its yield. The field trial was realised on land of the Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra in 2015. Within trial, effect of cultivar and mulching on the selected quantitative (average tuber weight; yield per plant; yield in t.ha-1) and qualitative (total carotenoids; vitamin C) parameters were tested. One certified cultivar of sweet potato 'Beauregard' was used as a comparative cultivar. Other two cultivars were marked according to the market place at which were purchased and sequentially used for seedling preparation. Tubers of first un-known cultivar were purchased in the Serbian market (marked as 'Serbian'). Tubers of next sweet potato cultivar were purchased on the market in Zagreb (marked as 'Zagrebian'). Outplating of sweet potato seedlings were realised on the 19th May 2015. The sweet potato was grown by hillock system. Each cultivar was planted in two variants (rows): non-mulching (bare soil) and mulching by black non-woven textile. All variants were divided to three replications with 6 plants. Difference between rows was 1.20 m and seedlings were planted in distance of 0.30 m in row. The harvested tubers were classified in two size classes: >150 g (marketable yield) and <150 g (non-marketable yield). Total carotenoid content was determined spectrophotometrically. The vitamin C content was measured chromatographically (HPLC). The highest values of average tuber weight, yield per plant and total yield (t.ha-1) were found in cultivar 'Serbian'. Statistical analysis showed statistically significant difference in all yield quantitative parameters of cultivar 'Serbian' against cultivars 'Beauregard' and 'Zagrebian'. The highest content of total carotenoids was determined in cultivar 'Serbian' (99.52 mg.kg-1 fresh weight) with orange-creme flesh color, followed by cultivar 'Beauregard' (94.78 mg.kg-1) with orange flesh color and cultivar 'Zagrebian' (28.79 mg.kg-1) with yellow-creme flesh color. Differences among all cultivars were showed as statistically significant. The highest vitamin C content was detected in tubers of cultivar 'Serbian' (155.70 mg.kg-1), followed by cultivar 'Beauregard' (154.37 mg.kg-1) and cultivar 'Zagrebian' (146.33 mg.kg-1). Statistical analysis confirmed differences among cultivars as statistically non-significant. The mulching of sweet potato plants had statistically significant impact to all quantitative and qualitative characteristics of sweet potato. The application of black non-woven textile resulted in increase of average tuber weight, tuber yield and vitamin C content in sweet potato tubers. On the contrary, higher total carotenoid content was found in non-mulching variant compared to the variant with mulching.
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Goldstein BI, Carnethon MR, Matthews KA, McIntyre RS, Miller GE, Raghuveer G, Stoney CM, Wasiak H, McCrindle BW. Major Depressive Disorder and Bipolar Disorder Predispose Youth to Accelerated Atherosclerosis and Early Cardiovascular Disease: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circulation 2015; 132:965-86. [PMID: 26260736 DOI: 10.1161/cir.0000000000000229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 328] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In the 2011 "Expert Panel on Integrated Guidelines for Cardiovascular Health and Risk Reduction in Children and Adolescents," several medical conditions among youth were identified that predispose to accelerated atherosclerosis and early cardiovascular disease (CVD), and risk stratification and management strategies for youth with these conditions were elaborated. Major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD) among youth satisfy the criteria set for, and therefore merit inclusion among, Expert Panel tier II moderate-risk conditions. The combined prevalence of MDD and BD among adolescents in the United States is ≈10%, at least 10 times greater than the prevalence of the existing moderate-risk conditions combined. The high prevalence of MDD and BD underscores the importance of positioning these diseases alongside other pediatric diseases previously identified as moderate risk for CVD. The overall objective of this statement is to increase awareness and recognition of MDD and BD among youth as moderate-risk conditions for early CVD. To achieve this objective, the primary specific aims of this statement are to (1) summarize evidence that MDD and BD are tier II moderate-risk conditions associated with accelerated atherosclerosis and early CVD and (2) position MDD and BD as tier II moderate-risk conditions that require the application of risk stratification and management strategies in accordance with Expert Panel recommendations. In this scientific statement, there is an integration of the various factors that putatively underlie the association of MDD and BD with CVD, including pathophysiological mechanisms, traditional CVD risk factors, behavioral and environmental factors, and psychiatric medications.
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Joris PJ, Mensink RP. Effects of supplementation with the fat-soluble vitamins E and D on fasting flow-mediated vasodilation in adults: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Nutrients 2015; 7:1728-43. [PMID: 25763531 PMCID: PMC4377878 DOI: 10.3390/nu7031728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Revised: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of fat-soluble vitamin supplementation on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk are not clear. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis to quantify effects of fat-soluble vitamin supplements on fasting flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD) of the brachial artery, a validated marker to assess CVD risk. Randomized placebo-controlled trials (RCTs) were identified by a systematic search till July 2014. Seven RCTs studying the effects of vitamin E supplements (range: 300 to 1800 IU per day) and nine RCTs examining the effects of vitamin D supplements, that involved, respectively, 303 and 658 adults, were included. No studies with carotenoid or vitamin K supplements were found. Vitamin E supplementation increased FMD vs. control by 2.42% (95% CI: 0.46% to 4.37%; p = 0.015). No effects of vitamin D supplementation were found (0.15%; 95% CI: −0.21% to 0.51%; p = 0.41). These effects did not depend on subject characteristics, treatment characteristics or technical aspects of the FMD measurement. However, no dose-response relationship was evident for vitamin E, statistical significance depended on one study, while the levels of supplement were far above recommended intakes. The current meta-analysis, therefore, does not provide unambiguous evidence to support the use of fat-soluble vitamin supplements to improve fasting FMD in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Joris
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht 6200 MD, The Netherlands.
- Top Institute of Food and Nutrition (TIFN), Wageningen 6709 PA, The Netherlands.
| | - Ronald P Mensink
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht 6200 MD, The Netherlands.
- Top Institute of Food and Nutrition (TIFN), Wageningen 6709 PA, The Netherlands.
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D’Orazio N, Gammone MA, Gemello E, De Girolamo M, Cusenza S, Riccioni G. Marine bioactives: pharmacological properties and potential applications against inflammatory diseases. Mar Drugs 2012; 10:812-833. [PMID: 22690145 PMCID: PMC3366677 DOI: 10.3390/md10040812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2012] [Revised: 03/15/2012] [Accepted: 03/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a hot topic in medical research, because it plays a key role in inflammatory diseases: rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and other forms of arthritis, diabetes, heart diseases, irritable bowel syndrome, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, allergies, asthma, even cancer and many others. Over the past few decades, it was realized that the process of inflammation is virtually the same in different disorders, and a better understanding of inflammation may lead to better treatments for numerous diseases. Inflammation is the activation of the immune system in response to infection, irritation, or injury, with an influx of white blood cells, redness, heat, swelling, pain, and dysfunction of the organs involved. Although the pathophysiological basis of these conditions is not yet fully understood, reactive oxygen species (ROS) have often been implicated in their pathogenesis. In fact, in inflammatory diseases the antioxidant defense system is compromised, as evidenced by increased markers of oxidative stress, and decreased levels of protective antioxidant enzymes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). An enriched diet containing antioxidants, such as vitamin E, vitamin C, β-carotene and phenolic substances, has been suggested to improve symptoms by reducing disease-related oxidative stress. In this respect, the marine world represents a largely untapped reserve of bioactive ingredients, and considerable potential exists for exploitation of these bioactives as functional food ingredients. Substances such as n-3 oils, carotenoids, vitamins, minerals and peptides provide a myriad of health benefits, including reduction of cardiovascular diseases, anticarcinogenic and anti-inflammatory activities. New marine bioactives are recently gaining attention, since they could be helpful in combating chronic inflammatory degenerative conditions. The aim of this review is to examine the published studies concerning the potential pharmacological properties and application of many marine bioactives against inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolantonio D’Orazio
- Human Nutrition, Department of Biomedical Science, via Dei Vestini, University G. D’Annunzio, Chieti, 66013, Italy
| | - Maria Alessandra Gammone
- Human Nutrition, Department of Biomedical Science, via Dei Vestini, University G. D’Annunzio, Chieti, 66013, Italy
| | - Eugenio Gemello
- Human Nutrition, Department of Biomedical Science, via Dei Vestini, University G. D’Annunzio, Chieti, 66013, Italy
| | - Massimo De Girolamo
- Human Nutrition, Department of Biomedical Science, via Dei Vestini, University G. D’Annunzio, Chieti, 66013, Italy
| | - Salvatore Cusenza
- Human Nutrition, Department of Biomedical Science, via Dei Vestini, University G. D’Annunzio, Chieti, 66013, Italy
| | - Graziano Riccioni
- Human Nutrition, Department of Biomedical Science, via Dei Vestini, University G. D’Annunzio, Chieti, 66013, Italy
- Cardiology Unit, San Camillo De Lellis Hospital, Manfredonia, FG, Italy
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Zaina S, Lund G. Epigenetics: a tool to understand diet-related cardiovascular risk? JOURNAL OF NUTRIGENETICS AND NUTRIGENOMICS 2012; 4:261-74. [PMID: 22353663 DOI: 10.1159/000334584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of mortality and is projected to hold its grim record as developing countries increase their wealth. Since specific nutritional habits are important risk factors for CVD, it is imperative to understand how ingredients of risk-associated diets convert a healthy cellular transcriptional program into a pathological one. Epigenetics has enriched our view of the genome by showing that DNA-associated regulatory proteins and RNAs, together with chemical modifications of the DNA itself, determine which parts of the DNA chain are transcribed or silent in a given phase of a cell's life. This complex biological entity--the epigenome--accounts for the enormous phenotypic diversity within a multicellular organism despite its unicellular origin. Crucially, the epigenome can be modified by diet and other exogenous factors, thus suggesting that epigenetic mechanisms might underlie pathological responses to CVD risk factors. Here, we will review the current knowledge of epigenetic mechanisms in diet-gene interactions and propose ways in which epigenetics might clarify the impact of genetic variants on CVD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvio Zaina
- Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Health Sciences, León Campus, University of Guanajuato, León, Mexico.
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Gülçin İ. Antioxidant activity of food constituents: an overview. Arch Toxicol 2011; 86:345-91. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-011-0774-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 965] [Impact Index Per Article: 74.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2011] [Accepted: 10/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Müller L, Fröhlich K, Böhm V. Comparative antioxidant activities of carotenoids measured by ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), ABTS bleaching assay (αTEAC), DPPH assay and peroxyl radical scavenging assay. Food Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.04.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 335] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Ali A, Yazaki Y, Njike VY, Ma Y, Katz DL. Effect of fruit and vegetable concentrates on endothelial function in metabolic syndrome: a randomized controlled trial. Nutr J 2011; 10:72. [PMID: 21714890 PMCID: PMC3135513 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2891-10-72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2011] [Accepted: 06/29/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective Dehydrated fruit and vegetable concentrates provide an accessible form of phytonutrient supplementation that may offer cardioprotective effects. This study assessed the effects of two blends of encapsulated juice powder concentrates (with and without added berry powders) on endothelial function in persons with metabolic syndrome, a risk factor for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Methods Randomized, double blind, placebo controlled crossover clinical trial with three treatment arms. 64 adults with metabolic syndrome were enrolled and received 8-week sequences of each blend of the concentrates and placebo. The primary outcome measure was change in endothelial function (assessed as flow-mediated dilatation of the brachial artery) 2 hr after consuming a 75 g glucose load, after 8-weeks of daily consumption (sustained) or 2 hr after consumption of a single dose (acute). Secondary outcome measures included plasma glucose, serum insulin, serum lipids, and body weight. Results No significant between-group differences in endothelial function with daily treatment for 8 weeks were seen. No other significant treatment effects were discerned in glucose, insulin, lipids, and weight. Conclusion Encapsulated fruit and vegetable juice powder concentrates did not alter insulin or glucose measures in this sample of adults with metabolic syndrome. Trial Registration clinicaltrials.gov NCT01224743
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Affiliation(s)
- Ather Ali
- Prevention Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, Griffin Hospital, 130 Division Street, 2nd Floor, Derby, Connecticut 06418, USA
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Riccioni G, D’Orazio N, Franceschelli S, Speranza L. Marine carotenoids and cardiovascular risk markers. Mar Drugs 2011; 9:1166-1175. [PMID: 21822408 PMCID: PMC3148495 DOI: 10.3390/md9071166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2011] [Revised: 05/26/2011] [Accepted: 06/15/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Marine carotenoids are important bioactive compounds with physiological activities related to prevention of degenerative diseases found principally in plants, with potential antioxidant biological properties deriving from their chemical structure and interaction with biological membranes. They are substances with very special and remarkable properties that no other groups of substances possess and that form the basis of their many, varied functions and actions in all kinds of living organisms. The potential beneficial effects of marine carotenoids have been studied particularly in astaxanthin and fucoxanthin as they are the major marine carotenoids. Both these two carotenoids show strong antioxidant activity attributed to quenching singlet oxygen and scavenging free radicals. The potential role of these carotenoids as dietary anti-oxidants has been suggested to be one of the main mechanisms for their preventive effects against cancer and inflammatory diseases. The aim of this short review is to examine the published studies concerning the use of the two marine carotenoids, astaxanthin and fucoxanthin, in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graziano Riccioni
- Cardiology Unit, San Camillo de Lellis Hospital, via Isonzo, Manfredonia, Foggia, 71043, Italy
- Human Nutrition, Department of Biomedical Science, via Dei vestini, University G. D’Annunzio, Chieti, 66013, Italy; E-Mail:
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +39-0882-227022; Fax: +39-0882-227022
| | - Nicolantonio D’Orazio
- Human Nutrition, Department of Biomedical Science, via Dei vestini, University G. D’Annunzio, Chieti, 66013, Italy; E-Mail:
| | - Sara Franceschelli
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, via Dei Vestini, University G. D’Annunzio, Chieti, 66013, Italy; E-Mails: (S.F.); (L.S.)
| | - Lorenza Speranza
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, via Dei Vestini, University G. D’Annunzio, Chieti, 66013, Italy; E-Mails: (S.F.); (L.S.)
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Grandi NC, Breitling LP, Brenner H. Vitamin D and cardiovascular disease: systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies. Prev Med 2010; 51:228-33. [PMID: 20600257 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2010.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2010] [Revised: 06/07/2010] [Accepted: 06/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OH-D) has recently been linked to cardiovascular diseases. This review summarizes evidence from prospective studies evaluating the prognostic value of 25-OH-D for cardiovascular disease incidence and mortality. METHOD A systematic literature search in EMBASE and Pubmed-Medline databases was performed until November 2009. Prospective studies published in English were selected reporting estimates for the association of 25-OH-D with primary or secondary cardiovascular event incidence or mortality in the general population or subjects with prevalent cardiovascular disease. Pooled risk estimators were derived by meta-analysis using a random effects model approach. RESULTS Four incidence and five independent mortality studies were included. Two incidence and three mortality studies reported a two- to five-fold risk increase for both outcomes in subjects with lower 25-OH-D, while the others did not detect a significant association. Meta-analysis supported the existence of an inverse association. CONCLUSION Data from prospective investigations suggest an inverse association between 25-OH-D and cardiovascular risk. However, given the heterogeneity and small number of longitudinal studies, more research is needed to corroborate a potential prognostic value of 25-OH-D for cardiovascular disease incidence and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norma C Grandi
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, D-69115 Heidelberg, Germany.
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Nakamura YK, Omaye ST. Lipophilic compound-mediated gene expression and implication for intervention in reactive oxygen species (ROS)-related diseases: mini-review. Nutrients 2010; 2:725-36. [PMID: 22254050 PMCID: PMC3257678 DOI: 10.3390/nu2070725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2010] [Revised: 07/02/2010] [Accepted: 07/05/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to exhibiting antioxidant properties, conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and vitamin E may modulate gene expression of endogenous antioxidant enzymes. Depending on cellular microenvironments, such modulation reflects either antioxidant or prooxidant outcomes. Although epidemiological/experimental studies have indicated that CLA and vitamin E have health promoting properties, recent findings from clinical trials have been inconclusive. Discrepancies between the results found from prospective studies and recent clinical trials might be attributed to concentration-dependent cellular microenvironment alterations. We give a perspective of possible molecular mechanisms of actions of these lipophilic compounds and their implications for interventions of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukiko K Nakamura
- Department of Nutrition, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557-0208, USA.
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