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Yang Y, Yu S, Rong H, Lei Z, Yang C, Wu H, Zhang T, Yang F, Nie Y, Chen L, Hu Q, Song Q, Guo J. Sodium sulphate ameliorates hypercholesterolemia via the upregulation of Cyp7a1 in hepatocytes and alleviates hepatic insulin resistance via the downregulation of Trib3 in mice with high cholesterol diets. Exp Ther Med 2024; 28:361. [PMID: 39071912 PMCID: PMC11273247 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2024.12650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Amelioration of hypercholesterolemia is essential for the treatment of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Sodium sulphate is the effective component of mirabilite, which has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of various diseases. In the present study, C57BL/6 mice were fed with a high-cholesterol diet (HCD) for 7 weeks and were treated with sodium sulphate in the last three of those weeks. Sodium sulphate significantly reduced the total cholesterol level and the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio in the serum of mice fed the HCD. In addition, cytochrome P450 7a1 and 39a1 were significantly upregulated in the livers of mice treated with sodium sulphate. Furthermore, tribbles pseudokinase 3 expression was significantly increased in the livers of mice fed the HCD, but was significantly reduced by sodium sulphate treatment. In terms of the insulin signaling pathway, the ratio of phosphorylated AKT to total AKT in the livers of mice fed the HCD was significantly lower compared with that of control mice fed a normal diet, but was significantly increased by sodium sulphate treatment. Sodium sulphate treatment also reduced the levels of fibroblast growth factor (FGF)15 in the ileum and inhibited the FGF15/FGF receptor 4-Klotho β/c-Jun N-terminal kinase/c-Jun signaling pathway in the livers of mice fed the HCD. In addition, sodium sulphate changed the composition of the gut microbiota of mice fed the HCD. In conclusion, sodium sulphate may mitigate hypercholesterolemia and hepatic insulin resistance in mice fed an HCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Yang
- School of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Siping Yu
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Hedong Rong
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Zili Lei
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Changyuan Yang
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Huijuan Wu
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Tianle Zhang
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Fei Yang
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Ya Nie
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Lei Chen
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Qing Hu
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Qi Song
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Jiao Guo
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
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Ng DZW, Low A, Tan AJH, Ong JH, Kwa WT, Lee JWJ, Chan ECY. Ex vivo metabolism kinetics of primary to secondary bile acids via a physiologically relevant human faecal microbiota model. Chem Biol Interact 2024; 399:111140. [PMID: 38992765 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2024.111140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Bile acids (BA) are synthesized in the human liver and undergo metabolism by host gut bacteria. In diseased states, gut microbial dysbiosis may lead to high primary unconjugated BA concentrations and significant perturbations to secondary BA. Hence, it is important to understand the microbial-mediated formation kinetics of secondary bile acids using physiologically relevant ex vivo human faecal microbiota models. Here, we optimized an ex vivo human faecal microbiota model to recapitulate the metabolic kinetics of primary unconjugated BA and applied it to investigate the formation kinetics of novel secondary BA metabolites and their sequential pathways. We demonstrated (1) first-order depletion of primary BA, cholic acid (CA) and chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), under non-saturable conditions and (2) saturable Michaelis-Menten kinetics for secondary BA metabolite formation with increasing substrate concentration. Notably, relatively lower Michaelis constants (Km) were associated with the formation of deoxycholic acid (DCA, 14.3 μM) and lithocholic acid (LCA, 140 μM) versus 3-oxo CA (>1000 μM), 7-keto DCA (443 μM) and 7-keto LCA (>1000 μM), thereby recapitulating clinically observed saturation of 7α-dehydroxylation relative to oxidation of primary BA. Congruently, metagenomics revealed higher relative abundance of functional genes related to the oxidation pathway as compared to the 7α-dehydroxylation pathway. In addition, we demonstrated gut microbial-mediated hyocholic acid (HCA) and hyodeoxycholic acid (HDCA) formation from CDCA. In conclusion, we optimized a physiologically relevant ex vivo human faecal microbiota model to investigate gut microbial-mediated metabolism of primary BA and present a novel gut microbial-catalysed two-step pathway from CDCA to HCA and, subsequently, HDCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Zhi Wei Ng
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, 117543, Singapore
| | - Adrian Low
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, MD6 Centre for Translational Medicine, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Amanda Jia Hui Tan
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, 117543, Singapore
| | - Jia Hui Ong
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, 117543, Singapore
| | - Wit Thun Kwa
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, MD6 Centre for Translational Medicine, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Jonathan Wei Jie Lee
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, MD6 Centre for Translational Medicine, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117599, Singapore; Institute for Health Innovation and Technology (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore, E7, 15 Kent Ridge Crescent, Singapore, 119276, Singapore; Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore.
| | - Eric Chun Yong Chan
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, 117543, Singapore.
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Cui M, Guo Q, Zhao S, Liu X, Yang C, Liu P, Wang L. An untargeted comparative metabolomics analysis of infants with and without late-onset breast milk jaundice. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0308710. [PMID: 39133689 PMCID: PMC11318923 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0308710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Late-onset breast milk jaundice (LBMJ) is a common form of hyperbilirubinemia, which can result in serious complications for newborns with persistently high bilirubin levels. The aim of this study was to investigate the differences in fecal metabolites between breastfed infants with and without LBMJ in order to elucidate potential biological mechanisms. METHODS Biological samples were collected from 12 infants with LBMJ and 12 healthy individuals. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS) was utilized for non-targeted determination of fecal metabolites. Principal components analysis (PCA), cluster analysis, and differential metabolite analysis were performed in both positive ion mode and negative ion mode for the two groups. Additionally, the KEGG database was employed to comprehensively analyze the pathways of differential metabolites. RESULTS There were no significant differences in maternal and neonatal demographic characteristics between the two groups (p > 0.05). The results of PCA and cluster heat map analysis in both modes showed that there were significant differences in metabolites between the two groups. Among 751 differential metabolites (DMs) detected in positive ion mode, 720 were up-regulated in the case group while 31 were down-regulated. In negative ion mode, 1891 DMs were detected, including 817 up-regulated metabolites and 1074 down-regulated metabolites in the case group. Analysis of differential metabolic pathways showed that the DMs of the two groups were mainly annotated and enriched in Biotin metabolism, N-Glycan biosynthesis, Taurine and hypotaurine metabolism, Pyrimidine metabolism, and Pentose and glucuronate interconversions. CONCLUSION Significant differences exist in fecal metabolites between LBMJ infants and healthy controls. The study of differential metabolic pathways provides insights into the mechanism of LBMJ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxuan Cui
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qianying Guo
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shilong Zhao
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xinran Liu
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Yang
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Linlin Wang
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Vidana Gamage HE, Shahoei SH, Wang Y, Jacquin E, Weisser E, Bautista RO, Henn MA, Schane CP, Nelczyk AT, Ma L, Das Gupta A, Bendre SV, Nguyen T, Tiwari S, Tjoanda E, Krawczynska N, He S, Albright ST, Farmer R, Smith AJ, Fink EC, Chen H, Sverdlov M, Gann PH, Boidot R, Vegran F, Fanning SW, Hergenrother PJ, Apetoh L, Nelson ER. NR0B2 re-educates myeloid immune cells to reduce regulatory T cell expansion and progression of breast and other solid tumors. Cancer Lett 2024; 597:217042. [PMID: 38908543 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.217042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
Although survival from breast cancer has dramatically increased, many will develop recurrent, metastatic disease. Unfortunately, survival for this stage of disease remains very low. Activating the immune system has incredible promise since it has the potential to be curative. However, immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) which works through T cells has been largely disappointing for metastatic breast cancer. One reason for this is a suppressive myeloid immune compartment that is unaffected by ICB. Cholesterol metabolism and proteins involved in cholesterol homeostasis play important regulatory roles in myeloid cells. Here, we demonstrate that NR0B2, a nuclear receptor involved in negative feedback of cholesterol metabolism, works in several myeloid cell types to impair subsequent expansion of regulatory T cells (Tregs); Tregs being a subset known to be highly immune suppressive and associated with poor therapeutic response. Within myeloid cells, NR0B2 serves to decrease many aspects of the inflammasome, ultimately resulting in decreased IL1β; IL1β driving Treg expansion. Importantly, mice lacking NR0B2 exhibit accelerated tumor growth. Thus, NR0B2 represents an important node in myeloid cells dictating ensuing Treg expansion and tumor growth, thereby representing a novel therapeutic target to re-educate these cells, having impact across different solid tumor types. Indeed, a paper co-published in this issue demonstrates the therapeutic utility of targeting NR0B2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hashni Epa Vidana Gamage
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA
| | - Sayyed Hamed Shahoei
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Erin Weisser
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA
| | - Rafael O Bautista
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA
| | - Madeline A Henn
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA
| | - Claire P Schane
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA
| | - Adam T Nelczyk
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA
| | - Liqian Ma
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA
| | - Anasuya Das Gupta
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA
| | - Shruti V Bendre
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA
| | - Tiffany Nguyen
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA
| | - Srishti Tiwari
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA
| | - Evelyn Tjoanda
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA
| | - Natalia Krawczynska
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA; Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA
| | - Sisi He
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA
| | - Samuel T Albright
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA
| | - Rachel Farmer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA
| | - Amanda J Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA
| | - Emma C Fink
- Department of Cancer Biology, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Campus, Illinois, USA
| | - Hong Chen
- Food Science & Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA
| | - Maria Sverdlov
- Research Histology and Tissue Imaging Core, University of Illinois at Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Peter H Gann
- Research Histology and Tissue Imaging Core, University of Illinois at Chicago, Illinois, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Romain Boidot
- Unit of Molecular Biology, Department of Biology and Pathology of Tumors, Georges-Francois Leclerc Cancer Center, Dijon, France; ICMUB UMR CNRS 6302, Dijon, France
| | | | - Sean W Fanning
- Department of Cancer Biology, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Campus, Illinois, USA
| | - Paul J Hergenrother
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA; Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology- Anticancer Discovery from Pets to People, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA; Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Erik R Nelson
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA; Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA; Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology- Anticancer Discovery from Pets to People, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA; Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA; Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA.
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5
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Yin T, Zhang X, Xiong Y, Li B, Guo D, Sha Z, Lin X, Wu H. Exploring gut microbial metabolites as key players in inhibition of cancer progression: Mechanisms and therapeutic implications. Microbiol Res 2024; 288:127871. [PMID: 39137590 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2024.127871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
The gut microbiota plays a critical role in numerous biochemical processes essential for human health, such as metabolic regulation and immune system modulation. An increasing number of research suggests a strong association between the gut microbiota and carcinogenesis. The diverse metabolites produced by gut microbiota can modulate cellular gene expression, cell cycle dynamics, apoptosis, and immune system functions, thereby exerting a profound influence on cancer development and progression. A healthy gut microbiota promotes substance metabolism, stimulates immune responses, and thereby maintains the long-term homeostasis of the intestinal microenvironment. When the gut microbiota becomes imbalanced and disrupts the homeostasis of the intestinal microenvironment, the risk of various diseases increases. This review aims to elucidate the impact of gut microbial metabolites on cancer initiation and progression, focusing on short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), polyamines (PAs), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), secondary bile acids (SBAs), and microbial tryptophan catabolites (MTCs). By detailing the roles and molecular mechanisms of these metabolites in cancer pathogenesis and therapy, this article sheds light on dual effects on the host at different concentrations of metabolites and offers new insights into cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianxiang Yin
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Medical School, Yan'an University, Yan'an 716000, China
| | - Yan Xiong
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Bohao Li
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Dong Guo
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Zhou Sha
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Lin
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Pharmacy and Medical Laboratory, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Haibo Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China.
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Wang X, Lv Y, Qiang X, Liang S, Li R, Zhan J, Liu J. Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and its alternative perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA) alter hepatic bile acid profiles via different pathways. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 950:175312. [PMID: 39122034 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Revised: 07/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
The disruption of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) on bile acid (BA) homeostasis has raised public concerns, making the evaluation of their effects and underlying mechanisms a high priority. Although the use of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) has been restricted, it remains a widespread legacy PFAS in the environment. Concurrently, the use of its prevalent short-chain alternative, perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA), is increasing, yet the toxicity assessment of PFBA remains inadequate. In this study, C57BL/6N mice were exposed to PFOA and PFBA (0.4 or 10 mg/kg body weight) by gavage for 28 days. The results showed that both PFOA and PFBA significantly increased hepatic weight, although PFBA exhibited lower bioaccumulation than PFOA in the liver. Targeted metabolomics revealed that PFOA significantly decreased total BA levels and altered their composition. Conversely, PFBA, without significantly altering total BA levels, notably changed their composition, such as increasing the proportion of cholic acid. Further investigations using in vivo and in vitro assays suggested that PFOA inhibited the expression of Cyp7A1, a key BA synthetase, potentially via PPARα activation, thereby reducing BA levels. In contrast, PFBA enhanced Cyp7A1 expression, associated with the inhibition of intestinal Farnesoid X receptor-fibroblast growth factor 15 (FXR-FGF15) pathway. This study evaluated the differences in the BA-interfering effects of PFOA and PFBA and shed light on the potential mechanisms, which will provide new insights into the health risks of legacy PFASs and their alternatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yinchuan Lv
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xin Qiang
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shumin Liang
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ruosi Li
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jing Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Jiaying Liu
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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7
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Fuentes J, Gregório SF, Fonseca F, Robles-Arozarena R, Martos-Sitcha JA, Moyano FJ. Effect of bile salts on intestinal epithelial function in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata). FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2024; 50:1777-1790. [PMID: 38916718 PMCID: PMC11286703 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-024-01369-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
In the context of modern aquaculture, the effort to reduce the reliance on fishmeal/marine ingredients in fish diets has led to the exploration of plant-based protein sources as potential substitutes, a dietary shift that disrupts the bile acid profile in fish. Therefore, bile salts are being sought as additives. However, artificially increased intestinal levels of bile acids may significantly impact mucosal function. Therefore, here, we explored the regulatory role in the intestine of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) of (i) chenodeoxycholic acid (CDC), (ii) a mixture formed by two bile acids, 3% cholic acid and 97% deoxycholic acid (MIX), and (iii) a conjugated bile salt sodium taurocholate (TC) in Ussing chambers with the epithelial voltage clamp technique. We tested the bile salts in a 50-500 μg/ml concentration range, and all of them promoted ion absorption. Yet, clear concentration-dependent and more pronounced effects on the ion transport were observed in the posterior intestine. On the other hand, bile salts had no or minor effects on tissue resistance. However, there are indications that the MIX could have adverse effects at high concentrations (500 μg/ml), promoting a threefold increase in tissue permeability measured using FITC-dextran (4 kD) regardless of the intestinal region, thus suggesting an alteration in intestinal permeability at high bile salt concentrations. The findings from our study emphasize the importance of considering intestinal function when contemplating the possible use of a particular bile salt as a dietary supplement. It appears that bile salts, whether acting individually or in combination, play a pivotal role in orchestrating nutrient absorption by influencing the function of epithelial ion transport. However further research is needed to fully grasp the region-dependent nuances of bile salt effects on ion transport and the ultimate consequences for nutrient absorption in the context of fish aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Fuentes
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (ICMAN-CSIC), Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucía, 11519, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain.
| | - S F Gregório
- Centro de Ciências do Mar, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - F Fonseca
- ARNET (Aquatic Network, Associated Laboratory), Centre for Marine and Environmental Research (CIMA), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | | | - J A Martos-Sitcha
- Departamento de Biología Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Instituto Universitario de Investigación Marina (INMAR), Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEI-MAR), University of Cádiz, 11519, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - F J Moyano
- Departamento de Biologia y Geologia Facultad de Ciencias, Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEI-MAR), Universidad de Almeria, La Cañada de San Urbano, 04120, Almería, Spain.
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8
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Zhu Y, Lai Y, Hu Y, Fu Y, Zhang Z, Lin N, Huang W, Zheng L. The mechanisms underlying acute myocardial infarction in chronic kidney disease patients undergoing hemodialysis. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 177:117050. [PMID: 38968794 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of death in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Hemodialysis is one of the main treatments for patients with end-stage kidney disease. Epidemiological data has shown that acute myocardial infarction (AMI) accounts for the main reason for death in patients with CKD under hemodialysis therapy. Immune dysfunction and changes in metabolism (including a high level of inflammatory cytokines, a disorder of lipid and mineral ion homeostasis, accumulation of uremic toxins et al.) during CKD can deteriorate stability of atherosclerotic plaque and promote vascular calcification, which are exactly the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the occurrence of AMI. Meanwhile, the hemodialysis itself also has adverse effects on lipoprotein, the immune system and hemodynamics, which contribute to the high incidence of AMI in these patients. This review aims to summarize the mechanisms and further promising methods of prevention and treatment of AMI in CKD patients undergoing hemodialysis, which can provide an excellent paradigm for exploring the crosstalk between the kidney and cardiovascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Zhu
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Institute of Systems Biomedicine, State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yuchen Lai
- School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Yuxuan Hu
- Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China
| | - Yiwen Fu
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Institute of Systems Biomedicine, State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Institute of Systems Biomedicine, State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Nan Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou 350013, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Central Theater Command, No.627, Wuluo Road, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Lemin Zheng
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Institute of Systems Biomedicine, State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Beijing Tiantan Hospital, China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, The Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China.
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9
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Dicks L, Schuh-von Graevenitz K, Prehn C, Sadri H, Murani E, Hosseini Ghaffari M, Häussler S. Bile acid profiles and mRNA abundance of bile acid-related genes in adipose tissue of dairy cows with high versus normal body condition. J Dairy Sci 2024; 107:6288-6307. [PMID: 38490538 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2024-24346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Besides their lipid-digestive role, bile acids (BA) influence overall energy homeostasis, such as glucose and lipid metabolism. We hypothesized that BA along with their receptors, regulatory enzymes, and transporters are present in subcutaneous adipose tissue (scAT). In addition, we hypothesized that their mRNA abundance varies with the body condition of dairy cows around calving. Therefore, we analyzed BA in serum and scAT as well as the mRNA abundance of BA-related enzymes, transporters, and receptors in scAT during the transition period in cows with different body conditions around calving. In a previously established animal model, 38 German Holstein cows were divided into either a high (HBCS; n = 19) or normal BCS (NBCS; n = 19) group based on their BCS and back-fat thickness (BFT). Cows were fed different diets to achieve the targeted differences in BCS and BFT (NBCS: BCS <3.5, BFT <1.2 cm; HBCS: BCS >3.75, BFT >1.4 cm) until dry-off at 7 wk antepartum. During the dry period and subsequent lactation, both groups were fed the same diets according to their energy demands. Using a targeted metabolomics approach via liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-MS /MS, BA were analyzed in serum and scAT at wk -7, 1, 3, and 12 relative to parturition. In serum, 15 BA were observed: cholic acid (CA), chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), glycocholic acid (GCA), taurocholic acid (TCA), glycochenodeoxycholic acid (GCDCA), taurochenodeoxycholic acid, deoxycholic acid (DCA), lithocholic acid, glycodeoxycholic acid (GDCA), glycolithocholic acid, taurodeoxycholic acid, taurolithocholic acid, β-muricholic acid, tauromuricholic acid (sum of α and β), and glycoursodeoxycholic acid, whereas in scAT 7 BA were detected: CA, GCA, TCA, GCDCA, taurochenodeoxycholic acid, GDCA, and taurodeoxycholic acid. In serum and scAT samples, the primary BA CA and its conjugate GCA were predominantly detected. Increasing serum concentrations of CA, CDCA, TCA, GCA, GCDCA, DCA, and β-muricholic acid with the onset of lactation might be related to the increasing DMI after parturition. Furthermore, serum concentrations of CA, CDCA, GCA, DCA, GCDCA, TCA, lithocholic acid, and GDCA were lower in HBCS cows compared with NBCS cows, concomitant with increased lipolysis in HBCS cows. The correlation between CA in serum and scAT may point to the transport of CA across cell membranes. Overall, the findings of the present study suggest a potential role of BA in lipid metabolism depending on the body condition of periparturient dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Dicks
- Institute of Animal Science, Physiology Unit, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Katharina Schuh-von Graevenitz
- Department of Life Sciences and Engineering, Animal Nutrition and Hygiene Unit, University of Applied Sciences Bingen, 55411 Bingen am Rhein, Germany
| | - Cornelia Prehn
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Metabolomics and Proteomics Core, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Hassan Sadri
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, 516616471 Tabriz, Iran
| | - Eduard Murani
- Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute for Genome Biology, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | | | - Susanne Häussler
- Institute of Animal Science, Physiology Unit, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
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10
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Lee TH, Cota D, Quarta C. Yin-Yang control of energy balance by lipids in the hypothalamus: The endocannabinoids vs bile acids case. Biochimie 2024; 223:188-195. [PMID: 35863558 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2022.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a chronic and debilitating disorder that originates from alterations in energy-sensing brain circuits controlling body weight gain and food intake. The dysregulated syntheses and actions of lipid mediators in the hypothalamus induce weight gain and overfeeding, but the molecular and cellular underpinnings of these alterations remain elusive. In response to changes in the nutritional status, different lipid sensing pathways in the hypothalamus direct body energy needs in a Yin-Yang model. Endocannabinoids orchestrate the crosstalk between hypothalamic circuits and the sympathetic nervous system to promote food intake and energy accumulation during fasting, whereas bile acids act on the same top-down axis to reduce energy intake and possibly storage after the meal. In obesity, the bioavailability and downstream cellular actions of endocannabinoids and bile acids are altered in hypothalamic neurons involved in body weight and metabolic control. Thus, the onset and progression of this disease might result from an imbalance in hypothalamic sensing of multiple lipid signals, which are possibly integrated by common molecular nodes. In this viewpoint, we discuss a possible model that explains how bile acids and endocannabinoids may exert their effects on energy balance regulation via interconnected mechanisms at the level of the hypothalamic neuronal circuits. Therefore, we propose a new conceptual framework for understanding and treating central mechanisms of maladaptive lipid action in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas H Lee
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-3300, Bordeaux, France
| | - Daniela Cota
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-3300, Bordeaux, France
| | - Carmelo Quarta
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-3300, Bordeaux, France.
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11
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Amaral Raposo M, Sousa Oliveira E, Dos Santos A, Guadagnini D, El Mourabit H, Housset C, Lemoinne S, Abdalla Saad MJ. Impact of cholecystectomy on the gut-liver axis and metabolic disorders. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2024; 48:102370. [PMID: 38729564 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2024.102370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Cholecystectomy is considered as a safe procedure to treat patients with gallstones. However, epidemiological studies highlighted an association between cholecystectomy and metabolic disorders, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), independently of the gallstone disease. Following cholecystectomy, bile acids flow directly from the liver into the intestine, leading to changes in the entero-hepatic circulation of bile acids and their metabolism. The changes in bile acids metabolism impact the gut microbiota. Therefore, cholecystectomized patients display gut dysbiosis characterized by a reduced diversity, a loss of bacteria producing short-chain fatty acids and an increase in pro-inflammatory bacteria. Alterations of both bile acids metabolism and gut microbiota occurring after cholecystectomy can promote the development of metabolic disorders. In this review, we discuss the impact of cholecystectomy on bile acids and gut microbiota and its consequences on metabolic functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Amaral Raposo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas - São Paulo, Brazil; Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA) and Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), Paris, France
| | - Emília Sousa Oliveira
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas - São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andrey Dos Santos
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas - São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dioze Guadagnini
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas - São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Haquima El Mourabit
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA) and Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), Paris, France
| | - Chantal Housset
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA) and Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), Paris, France
| | - Sara Lemoinne
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA) and Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), Paris, France; Reference Center for Inflammatory Biliary Diseases and Autoimmune Hepatitis, European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN Rare-Liver), Saint-Antoine Hospital, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Paris, France.
| | - Mário José Abdalla Saad
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas - São Paulo, Brazil.
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12
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Huang CH, Hsu HS, Chiang MT. Influence of Varied Dietary Cholesterol Levels on Lipid Metabolism in Hamsters. Nutrients 2024; 16:2472. [PMID: 39125351 PMCID: PMC11314022 DOI: 10.3390/nu16152472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Syrian hamsters are valuable models for studying lipid metabolism due to their sensitivity to dietary cholesterol, yet the precise impact of varying cholesterol levels has not been comprehensively assessed. This study examined the impact of varying dietary cholesterol levels on lipid metabolism in Syrian hamsters. Diets ranging from 0% to 1% cholesterol were administered to assess lipid profiles and oxidative stress markers. Key findings indicate specific cholesterol thresholds for inducing distinct lipid profiles: below 0.13% for normal lipids, 0.97% for elevated LDL-C, 0.43% for increased VLDL-C, and above 0.85% for heightened hepatic lipid accumulation. A cholesterol supplementation of 0.43% induced hypercholesterolemia without adverse liver effects or abnormal lipoprotein expression. Furthermore, cholesterol supplementation significantly increased liver weight, plasma total cholesterol, LDL-C, and VLDL-C levels while reducing the HDL-C/LDL-C ratio. Fecal cholesterol excretion increased, with stable bile acid levels. High cholesterol diets correlated with elevated plasma ALT activities, reduced hepatic lipid peroxidation, and altered leptin and CETP levels. These findings underscore Syrian hamsters as robust models for hyperlipidemia research, offering insights into experimental methodologies. The identified cholesterol thresholds facilitate precise lipid profile manipulation, enhancing the hamster's utility in lipid metabolism studies and potentially informing clinical approaches to managing lipid disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Meng-Tsan Chiang
- Department of Food Science, College of Life Sciences, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan; (C.-H.H.); (H.-S.H.)
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13
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Wang Q, Shen W, Shao W, Hu H. Berberine alleviates cholesterol and bile acid metabolism disorders induced by high cholesterol diet in mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 719:150088. [PMID: 38740003 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.150088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Berberine (BBR) is a traditional Chinese herb with broad antimicrobial activity. Gut microbiota plays an important role in the metabolism of bile acids and cholesterol. Our study investigated the effects of BBR on alleviating cholesterol and bile acid metabolism disorders induced by high cholesterol diet in mice. Adult male C57BL/6J mice fed with high cholesterol diet (HC) containing 1.25 % cholesterol (HC group) or fed with chow diet containing 0.02 % cholesterol (Chow group) served as controls. BBR50 and BBR100 group mice were fed with HC, and oral BBR daily at doses of 50 or 100 mg/kg respectively for 8 weeks. The results showed that BBR could reshape the homeostasis and composition of gut microbiota. The abundance of Clostridium genera was significantly inhibited by BBR, which resulted in a significant reduction of secondary bile acids within the enterohepatic circulation and a significant lower hydrophobic index of bile acids. The absorption of cholesterol in intestine, the deposition of cholesterol in liver and the excretion of cholesterol in biliary tract were significantly inhibited by BBR, which promoted the unsaturation of cholesterol in bile. These findings suggest the potential utility of BBR as a functional food to alleviate the negative effects of high cholesterol diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qihan Wang
- Center of Gallstone Disease, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, and Institution of Gallstone Disease, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiyi Shen
- Center of Gallstone Disease, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, and Institution of Gallstone Disease, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wentao Shao
- Center of Gallstone Disease, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, and Institution of Gallstone Disease, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hai Hu
- Center of Gallstone Disease, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, and Institution of Gallstone Disease, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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14
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Sun D, Xie C, Zhao Y, Liao J, Li S, Zhang Y, Wang D, Hua K, Gu Y, Du J, Huang G, Huang J. The gut microbiota-bile acid axis in cholestatic liver disease. Mol Med 2024; 30:104. [PMID: 39030473 PMCID: PMC11265038 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-024-00830-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Cholestatic liver diseases (CLD) are characterized by impaired normal bile flow, culminating in excessive accumulation of toxic bile acids. The majority of patients with CLD ultimately progress to liver cirrhosis and hepatic failure, necessitating liver transplantation due to the lack of effective treatment. Recent investigations have underscored the pivotal role of the gut microbiota-bile acid axis in the progression of hepatic fibrosis via various pathways. The obstruction of bile drainage can induce gut microbiota dysbiosis and disrupt the intestinal mucosal barrier, leading to bacteria translocation. The microbial translocation activates the immune response and promotes liver fibrosis progression. The identification of therapeutic targets for modulating the gut microbiota-bile acid axis represents a promising strategy to ameliorate or perhaps reverse liver fibrosis in CLD. This review focuses on the mechanisms in the gut microbiota-bile acids axis in CLD and highlights potential therapeutic targets, aiming to lay a foundation for innovative treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayan Sun
- Department of Neonatal Surgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, No. 56 Nalishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Chuanping Xie
- Department of Neonatal Surgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, No. 56 Nalishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Yong Zhao
- Department of Neonatal Surgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, No. 56 Nalishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Junmin Liao
- Department of Neonatal Surgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, No. 56 Nalishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Shuangshuang Li
- Department of Neonatal Surgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, No. 56 Nalishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Yanan Zhang
- Department of Neonatal Surgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, No. 56 Nalishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Dingding Wang
- Department of Neonatal Surgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, No. 56 Nalishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Kaiyun Hua
- Department of Neonatal Surgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, No. 56 Nalishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Yichao Gu
- Department of Neonatal Surgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, No. 56 Nalishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Jingbin Du
- Department of Neonatal Surgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, No. 56 Nalishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Guoxian Huang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Women and Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361000, China
| | - Jinshi Huang
- Department of Neonatal Surgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, No. 56 Nalishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100045, China.
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15
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Kastrinou-Lampou V, Rodríguez-Pérez R, Poller B, Huth F, Gáborik Z, Mártonné-Tóth B, Temesszentandrási-Ambrus C, Schadt HS, Kullak-Ublick GA, Arand M, Camenisch G. Identification of reversible OATP1B1 and time-dependent CYP3A4 inhibition as the major risk factors for drug-induced cholestasis (DIC). Arch Toxicol 2024:10.1007/s00204-024-03794-3. [PMID: 39023798 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-024-03794-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Hepatic bile acid regulation is a multifaceted process modulated by several hepatic transporters and enzymes. Drug-induced cholestasis (DIC), a main type of drug-induced liver injury (DILI), denotes any drug-mediated condition in which hepatic bile flow is impaired. Our ability in translating preclinical toxicological findings to human DIC risk is currently very limited, mainly due to important interspecies differences. Accordingly, the anticipation of clinical DIC with available in vitro or in silico models is also challenging, due to the complexity of the bile acid homeostasis. Herein, we assessed the in vitro inhibition potential of 47 marketed drugs with various degrees of reported DILI severity towards all metabolic and transport mechanisms currently known to be involved in the hepatic regulation of bile acids. The reported DILI concern and/or cholestatic annotation correlated with the number of investigated processes being inhibited. Furthermore, we employed univariate and multivariate statistical methods to determine the important processes for DILI discrimination. We identified time-dependent inhibition (TDI) of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4 and reversible inhibition of the organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP) 1B1 as the major risk factors for DIC among the tested mechanisms related to bile acid transport and metabolism. These results were consistent across multiple statistical methods and DILI classification systems applied in our dataset. We anticipate that our assessment of the two most important processes in the development of cholestasis will enable a risk assessment for DIC to be efficiently integrated into the preclinical development process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vlasia Kastrinou-Lampou
- Pharmacokinetic Sciences, BioMedical Research, Novartis, Basel, Switzerland
- Preclinical Safety, BioMedical Research, Novartis, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Birk Poller
- Pharmacokinetic Sciences, BioMedical Research, Novartis, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Felix Huth
- Pharmacokinetic Sciences, BioMedical Research, Novartis, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Zsuzsanna Gáborik
- SOLVO Biotechnology, Charles River Laboratories Hungary, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Beáta Mártonné-Tóth
- SOLVO Biotechnology, Charles River Laboratories Hungary, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Heiko S Schadt
- Preclinical Safety, BioMedical Research, Novartis, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gerd A Kullak-Ublick
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Mechanistic Safety, CMO & Patient Safety, Global Drug Development, Novartis, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael Arand
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gian Camenisch
- Pharmacokinetic Sciences, BioMedical Research, Novartis, Basel, Switzerland.
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16
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Yang M, Wang R, Wei L, Liu H, Wang Y, Tang H, Liu Q, Tang Z. PLA plastic particles disrupt bile acid metabolism leading to hepatic inflammatory injury in male mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 732:150410. [PMID: 39032413 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.150410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Microplastics, such as polylactic acid (PLA), are ubiquitous environmental pollutants with unclear implications for health impact. This study aims to elucidate the mechanisms of PLA-induced inflammatory liver injury, focusing on disturbance of bile acid metabolism. The in vitro PLA exposure experiment was conducted using HepG2 cells to assess cell viability, cytokine secretion, and effects on bile acid metabolism. In vivo, male C57BL/6 J mice were exposed to PLA for ten days continuously, liver function and histopathological assessment were evaluated after the mice sacrificed. Molecular analyses including quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and Western blotting, were applied to evaluate the expression of bile acid metabolizing enzymes and transporters. PLA exposure resulted in decreased cell viability in HepG2 cells, increased inflammation and altered bile acid metabolism. In mice, PLA exposure resulted in decreased body weight and food intake, impaired liver function, increased hepatic inflammation, altered bile acid profiles, and dysregulated expression of bile acid metabolic pathways. PLA exposure disrupts bile acid metabolism through inhibition of the CYP7A1 enzyme and activation of the FGF-JNK/ERK signaling pathway, contributing to liver injury. These findings highlight the potential hepatotoxic effects of environmentally friendly plastics PLA and underscore the need for further research on their biological impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiting Yang
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Ruirui Wang
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Lisi Wei
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Han Liu
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Yutian Wang
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Huanwen Tang
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Qizhan Liu
- Center for Global Health, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
| | - Zhi Tang
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China.
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17
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Lee MH, Nuccio SP, Mohanty I, Hagey LR, Dorrestein PC, Chu H, Raffatellu M. How bile acids and the microbiota interact to shape host immunity. Nat Rev Immunol 2024:10.1038/s41577-024-01057-x. [PMID: 39009868 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-024-01057-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Bile acids are increasingly appearing in the spotlight owing to their novel impacts on various host processes. Similarly, there is growing attention on members of the microbiota that are responsible for bile acid modifications. With recent advances in technology enabling the discovery and continued identification of microbially conjugated bile acids, the chemical complexity of the bile acid landscape in the body is increasing at a rapid pace. In this Review, we summarize our current understanding of how bile acids and the gut microbiota interact to modulate immune responses during homeostasis and disease, with a particular focus on the gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael H Lee
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems and Therapeutics, Department of Paediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sean-Paul Nuccio
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems and Therapeutics, Department of Paediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ipsita Mohanty
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Lee R Hagey
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Pieter C Dorrestein
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Hiutung Chu
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Chiba University-UC San Diego Center for Mucosal Immunology, Allergy and Vaccines (CU-UCSD cMAV), La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Manuela Raffatellu
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems and Therapeutics, Department of Paediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Chiba University-UC San Diego Center for Mucosal Immunology, Allergy and Vaccines (CU-UCSD cMAV), La Jolla, CA, USA.
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Kim S, Seo SU, Kweon MN. Gut microbiota-derived metabolites tune host homeostasis fate. Semin Immunopathol 2024; 46:2. [PMID: 38990345 PMCID: PMC11239740 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-024-01012-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
The gut microbiota, housing trillions of microorganisms within the gastrointestinal tract, has emerged as a critical regulator of host health and homeostasis. Through complex metabolic interactions, these microorganisms produce a diverse range of metabolites that substantially impact various physiological processes within the host. This review aims to delve into the intricate relationships of gut microbiota-derived metabolites and their influence on the host homeostasis. We will explore how these metabolites affect crucial aspects of host physiology, including metabolism, mucosal integrity, and communication among gut tissues. Moreover, we will spotlight the potential therapeutic applications of targeting these metabolites to restore and sustain host equilibrium. Understanding the intricate interplay between gut microbiota and their metabolites is crucial for developing innovative strategies to promote wellbeing and improve outcomes of chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungil Kim
- Mucosal Immunology Laboratory, Department of Convergence Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine / Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Digestive Diseases Research Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Uk Seo
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Na Kweon
- Mucosal Immunology Laboratory, Department of Convergence Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine / Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Digestive Diseases Research Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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19
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Grant ET, De Franco H, Desai MS. Non-SCFA microbial metabolites associated with fiber fermentation and host health. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2024:S1043-2760(24)00169-3. [PMID: 38991905 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2024.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Dietary fiber is degraded by commensal gut microbes to yield host-beneficial short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), but personalized responses to fiber supplementation highlight a role for other microbial metabolites in shaping host health. In this review we summarize recent findings from dietary fiber intervention studies describing health impacts attributed to microbial metabolites other than SCFAs, particularly secondary bile acids (2°BAs), aromatic amino acid derivatives, neurotransmitters, and B vitamins. We also discuss shifts in microbial metabolism occurring through altered maternal dietary fiber intake and agricultural practices, which warrant further investigation. To optimize the health benefits of dietary fibers, it is essential to survey a range of metabolites and adapt recommendations on a personalized basis, according to the different functional aspects of the microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica T Grant
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Hélène De Franco
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Faculty of Science, Technology, and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Mahesh S Desai
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.
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20
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Tan S, Li Q, Guo C, Chen S, Kamal-Eldin A, Chen G. Reveal the mechanism of hepatic oxidative stress in mice induced by photo-oxidation milk using multi-omics analysis techniques. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00271-6. [PMID: 38986809 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 07/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Photo-oxidation is recognized as a contributor to the deterioration of milk quality, posing potential safety hazards to human health. However, there has been limited investigation into the impact of consuming photo-oxidized milk on health. OBJECTIVES This study employs multi-omics analysis techniques to elucidate the mechanisms by which photo-oxidized milk induces oxidative stress in the liver. METHODS Mouse model was used to determine the effect of the gavage administration of milk with varying degrees of photo-oxidation on the mouse liver. The damage degree was established by measuring serum markers indicative of oxidative stress, and with a subsequent histopathological examination of liver tissues. In addition, comprehensive metabolome, lipidome, and transcriptome analyses were conducted to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms of hepatic damage caused by photo-oxidized milk. RESULTS A significant elevation in the oxidative stress levels and the presence of hepatocellular swelling and inflammation subsequent to the gavage administration of photo-oxidized milk to mice. Significant alterations in the levels of metabolites such as lumichrome, all-trans-retinal, L-valine, phosphatidylglycerol, and phosphatidylcholine within the hepatic tissue of mice. Moreover, photo-oxidized milk exerted a pronounced detrimental impact on the glycerophospholipid metabolism of mice liver. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) signaling pathway enrichment appreciated in the animals that consumed photo-oxidized milk further supports the substantial negative influence of photo-oxidized milk on hepatic lipid metabolism. Gene set enrichment and interaction analyses revealed that photo-oxidized milk inhibited the cytochrome P450 pathway in mice, while also affecting other pathways associated with cellular stress response and lipid biosynthesis. CONCLUSION This comprehensive study provides significant evidence regarding the potential health risks associated with photo-oxidized milk, particularly in terms of hepatic oxidative damage. It establishes a scientific foundation for assessing the safety of such milk and ensuring the quality of dairy products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijia Tan
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health (Beijing Technology and Business University), Ministry of Education, 100048, China; Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100081, China
| | - Qiangqiang Li
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100093, China.
| | - Can Guo
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100081, China
| | - Sumeng Chen
- China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Afaf Kamal-Eldin
- College of Food and Agriculture, Department of Food, Nutrition and Health (CFA), United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 10008115551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Gang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health (Beijing Technology and Business University), Ministry of Education, 100048, China.
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21
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Ma S, Liu J, Zhao Y, Wang Y, Zhao R. In ovo betaine injection improves breast muscle growth in newly hatched goslings through FXR/IGF-2 pathway. Poult Sci 2024; 103:104075. [PMID: 39094501 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.104075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Betaine has been shown to enhance growth performance and increase breast muscle yield in ducks and broilers through various mechanisms, including the modification of DNA methylation. However, the impact of in ovo betaine injection on muscle growth in newly hatched goslings remains unclear. In this study, fifty eggs were injected with saline or betaine at 7.5 mg/egg prior to incubation, and the subsequent effects on breast muscle growth in the newly hatched goslings were investigated. Betaine significantly increased (P < 0.05) the hatch weight, breast muscle weight, and breast muscle index, accompanied by an augmentation in muscle bundle cross-sectional area. Concurrently, betaine significantly upregulated (P < 0.05) the expression levels of myogenic regulatory factors, including myogenin (MyoG) and paired box 7 (Pax7) both mRNA and protein, while downregulating (P < 0.05) the mRNA and protein levels of myostatin (MSTN). Histological analysis revealed a higher abundance of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and Pax7 immune-positive cells in the breast muscle of the betaine group, consistent with elevated PCNA and Pax7 mRNA and protein levels. Additionally, significantly increased (P < 0.05) contents of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF-2) were observed in the breast muscle of the betaine group, so was mRNA expression of IGF-1, IGF-2, and insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R). Betaine also significantly in8creased (P < 0.05) global DNA methylation of the breast muscle, accompanied by enhanced mRNA and protein levels of methionine cycle and DNA methylation-related enzymes, Interestingly, the promoter regions of IGF-1, IGF-2, and IGF-1R genes were significantly hypomethylated (P < 0.05). Moreover, in ovo betaine injection significantly upregulated (P < 0.05) the protein level of farnesoid X receptor (FXR) in breast muscle and FXR binding to the promoter of IGF-2 gene. These findings suggest that in ovo betaine injection promotes breast muscle growth during embryonic development in goslings through the FXR-mediated IGF-2 pathway, ultimately improving hatch weight and breast muscle weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Ma
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
| | - Jie Liu
- Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Yulan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
| | - Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
| | - Ruqian Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China; National Key Laboratory of Meat Quality Control and Cultured Meat Development, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China.
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22
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Hossam Abdelmonem B, Abdelaal NM, Anwer EKE, Rashwan AA, Hussein MA, Ahmed YF, Khashana R, Hanna MM, Abdelnaser A. Decoding the Role of CYP450 Enzymes in Metabolism and Disease: A Comprehensive Review. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1467. [PMID: 39062040 PMCID: PMC11275228 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12071467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 (CYP450) is a group of enzymes that play an essential role in Phase I metabolism, with 57 functional genes classified into 18 families in the human genome, of which the CYP1, CYP2, and CYP3 families are prominent. Beyond drug metabolism, CYP enzymes metabolize endogenous compounds such as lipids, proteins, and hormones to maintain physiological homeostasis. Thus, dysregulation of CYP450 enzymes can lead to different endocrine disorders. Moreover, CYP450 enzymes significantly contribute to fatty acid metabolism, cholesterol synthesis, and bile acid biosynthesis, impacting cellular physiology and disease pathogenesis. Their diverse functions emphasize their therapeutic potential in managing hypercholesterolemia and neurodegenerative diseases. Additionally, CYP450 enzymes are implicated in the onset and development of illnesses such as cancer, influencing chemotherapy outcomes. Assessment of CYP450 enzyme expression and activity aids in evaluating liver health state and differentiating between liver diseases, guiding therapeutic decisions, and optimizing drug efficacy. Understanding the roles of CYP450 enzymes and the clinical effect of their genetic polymorphisms is crucial for developing personalized therapeutic strategies and enhancing drug responses in diverse patient populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basma Hossam Abdelmonem
- Institute of Global Health and Human Ecology, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt; (B.H.A.); (M.A.H.); (Y.F.A.); (R.K.); (M.M.H.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences & Arts (MSA), Giza 12451, Egypt
| | - Noha M. Abdelaal
- Biotechnology Graduate Program, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt; (N.M.A.); (E.K.E.A.); (A.A.R.)
| | - Eman K. E. Anwer
- Biotechnology Graduate Program, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt; (N.M.A.); (E.K.E.A.); (A.A.R.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information, Cairo 4411601, Egypt
| | - Alaa A. Rashwan
- Biotechnology Graduate Program, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt; (N.M.A.); (E.K.E.A.); (A.A.R.)
| | - Mohamed Ali Hussein
- Institute of Global Health and Human Ecology, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt; (B.H.A.); (M.A.H.); (Y.F.A.); (R.K.); (M.M.H.)
| | - Yasmin F. Ahmed
- Institute of Global Health and Human Ecology, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt; (B.H.A.); (M.A.H.); (Y.F.A.); (R.K.); (M.M.H.)
| | - Rana Khashana
- Institute of Global Health and Human Ecology, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt; (B.H.A.); (M.A.H.); (Y.F.A.); (R.K.); (M.M.H.)
| | - Mireille M. Hanna
- Institute of Global Health and Human Ecology, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt; (B.H.A.); (M.A.H.); (Y.F.A.); (R.K.); (M.M.H.)
| | - Anwar Abdelnaser
- Institute of Global Health and Human Ecology, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt; (B.H.A.); (M.A.H.); (Y.F.A.); (R.K.); (M.M.H.)
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Mohanty I, Allaband C, Mannochio-Russo H, El Abiead Y, Hagey LR, Knight R, Dorrestein PC. The changing metabolic landscape of bile acids - keys to metabolism and immune regulation. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024; 21:493-516. [PMID: 38575682 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-024-00914-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Bile acids regulate nutrient absorption and mitochondrial function, they establish and maintain gut microbial community composition and mediate inflammation, and they serve as signalling molecules that regulate appetite and energy homeostasis. The observation that there are hundreds of bile acids, especially many amidated bile acids, necessitates a revision of many of the classical descriptions of bile acids and bile acid enzyme functions. For example, bile salt hydrolases also have transferase activity. There are now hundreds of known modifications to bile acids and thousands of bile acid-associated genes, especially when including the microbiome, distributed throughout the human body (for example, there are >2,400 bile salt hydrolases alone). The fact that so much of our genetic and small-molecule repertoire, in both amount and diversity, is dedicated to bile acid function highlights the centrality of bile acids as key regulators of metabolism and immune homeostasis, which is, in large part, communicated via the gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ipsita Mohanty
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Celeste Allaband
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Helena Mannochio-Russo
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yasin El Abiead
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Lee R Hagey
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Rob Knight
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Pieter C Dorrestein
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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24
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Levy C, Caldwell S, Mantry P, Luketic V, Landis CS, Huang J, Mena E, Maheshwari R, Rank K, Xu J, Malkov VA, Billin AN, Liu X, Lu X, Barchuk WT, Watkins TR, Chung C, Myers RP, Kowdley KV. Cilofexor in Patients With Compensated Cirrhosis Due to Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis: An Open-Label Phase 1B Study. Clin Transl Gastroenterol 2024:01720094-990000000-00279. [PMID: 38976363 DOI: 10.14309/ctg.0000000000000744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This proof-of-concept, open-label phase 1b study evaluated the safety and efficacy of cilofexor, a potent selective farnesoid X receptor agonist, in patients with compensated cirrhosis due to primary sclerosing cholangitis. METHODS Escalating doses of cilofexor (30 mg [weeks 1-4], 60 mg [weeks 5-8], 100 mg [weeks 9-12]) were administered orally once daily over 12 weeks. The primary endpoint was safety. Exploratory measures included cholestasis and fibrosis markers and pharmacodynamic biomarkers of bile acid homeostasis. RESULTS Eleven patients were enrolled (median age: 48 years; 55% men). The most common treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were pruritus (8/11 [72.7%]), fatigue, headache, nausea, and upper respiratory tract infection (2/11 [18.2%] each). Seven patients experienced a pruritus TEAE (one grade 3) considered drug-related. One patient temporarily discontinued cilofexor owing to peripheral edema. There were no deaths, serious TEAEs, or TEAEs leading to permanent discontinuation. Median changes (interquartile ranges) from baseline to week 12 (predose, fasting) were -24.8% (-35.7 to -7.4) for alanine transaminase, -13.0% (-21.9 to -8.6) for alkaline phosphatase, -43.5% (-52.1 to -30.8) for γ-glutamyl transferase, -12.7% (-25.0 to 0.0) for total bilirubin, and -21.2% (-40.0 to 0.0) for direct bilirubin. Least-squares mean percentage change (95% confidence interval) from baseline to week 12 at trough was -55.3% (-70.8 to -31.6) for C4 and -60.5% (-81.8 to -14.2) for cholic acid. Fasting fibroblast growth factor 19 levels transiently increased after cilofexor administration. DISCUSSION Escalating doses of cilofexor over 12 weeks were well tolerated and improved cholestasis markers in patients with compensated cirrhosis due to primary sclerosing cholangitis (NCT04060147).
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Levy
- Division of Digestive Health and Liver Diseases, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
- Schiff Center for Liver Diseases, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Stephen Caldwell
- University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Parvez Mantry
- Methodist Transplant Specialists, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Velimir Luketic
- Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Charles S Landis
- Univerisity of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jonathan Huang
- University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Edward Mena
- Pasadena Liver Center, Pasadena, California, USA
| | | | - Kevin Rank
- MNGI Digestive Health, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jun Xu
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, California, USA
| | | | | | - Xiangyu Liu
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, California, USA
| | - Xiaomin Lu
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, California, USA
| | | | | | - Chuhan Chung
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, California, USA
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25
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Niu YR, Yu HN, Yan ZH, Yan XH. Multiomics Analysis Reveals Leucine Deprivation Promotes Bile Acid Synthesis by Upregulating Hepatic CYP7A1 and Intestinal Turicibacter sanguinis in Mice. J Nutr 2024; 154:1970-1984. [PMID: 38692354 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leucine, a branched-chain amino acid, participates in the regulation of lipid metabolism and the composition of the intestinal microbiota. However, the related mechanism remains unclear. OBJECTIVES Here, we aimed to reveal the potential mechanisms by which hepatic CYP7A1 (a rate-limiting enzyme for bile acid [BA] synthesis) and gut microbiota coregulate BA synthesis under leucine deprivation. METHODS To this end, 8-wk-old C57BL/6J mice were fed with either regular diets or leucine-free diets for 1 wk. Then, we investigated whether secondary BAs were synthesized by Turicibacter sanguinis in 7-wk-old C57BL/6J germ-free mice gavaged with T. sanguinis for 2 wk by determining BA concentrations in the plasma, liver, and cecum contents using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS The results showed that leucine deprivation resulted in a significant increase in total BA concentration in the plasma and an increase in the liver, but no difference in total BA was observed in the cecum contents before and after leucine deprivation. Furthermore, leucine deprivation significantly altered BA profiles such as taurocholic acid and ω-muricholic acid in the plasma, liver, and cecum contents. CYP7A1 expression was significantly upregulated in the liver under leucine deprivation. Leucine deprivation also regulated the composition of the gut microbiota; specifically, it significantly upregulated the relative abundance of T. sanguinis, thus enhancing the conversion of primary BAs into secondary BAs by intestinal T. sanguinis in mice. CONCLUSIONS Overall, leucine deprivation regulated BA profiles in enterohepatic circulation by upregulating hepatic CYP7A1 expression and increasing intestinal T. sanguinis abundance. Our findings reveal the contribution of gut microbiota to BA metabolism under dietary leucine deprivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Rong Niu
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China; The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pig Precision Feeding and Feed Safety Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hao-Nan Yu
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China; The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pig Precision Feeding and Feed Safety Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhen-Hong Yan
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China; The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pig Precision Feeding and Feed Safety Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiang-Hua Yan
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China; The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pig Precision Feeding and Feed Safety Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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26
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Mu YY, Qi WP, Zhang T, Zhang JY, Li M, Mao SY. Changes in Rumen Epithelial Morphology and Transcriptome, Rumen Metabolome, and Blood Biochemical Parameters in Lactating Dairy Cows with Subacute Rumen Acidosis Following Rumen Content Transplantation. J Dairy Sci 2024:S0022-0302(24)00939-1. [PMID: 38908691 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2024-24694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
Interventions targeting the gut microbiota, such as fecal microbiota transplantation, prove effective in repairing the intestinal barrier and facilitating the recovery of its function and metabolism. However, the regulatory mechanisms governing the remodeling of rumen epithelial morphology and function, rumen metabolism, and host metabolism in cows of subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) remain poorly understood. Here, we explored the changes in rumen epithelial morphology and transcriptome, rumen metabolome, and blood biochemical parameters in SARA cows following rumen content transplantation (RCT). The entire experiment consisted of 2 periods: the SARA induction period and the RCT period. During the SARA induction period, 12 ruminally cannulated lactating Holstein cows were randomly allocated into 2 groups, fed either a conventional diet [CON; n = 4; 40% concentrate, dry matter (DM) basis] or a high-grain diet (HG; n = 8; 60% concentrate, DM basis). Following the SARA induction period, the RCT period started. The HG cows were randomly assigned to 2 groups: the donor-recipient (DR) group and the self-recipient (SR) group. Rumen contents were entirely removed from both groups before RCT. For the DR group, cows were administered 70% rumen content from the CON cows, paired based on comparable body weight; for the SR group, each cow received 70% self-derived rumen content. The results revealed no significant differences in the thicknesses of the stratum corneum, granulosum, and spinosum/basale layers, as well as the total depth of the epithelium between the SR and DR groups. All these measurements exhibited a decreasing trend and fluctuations over time after the transfer. Notably, these fluctuations tended to stabilize at 13 or 16 d after RCT in the SR group, whereas they tended to stabilize after 8 or 13 d of transfer for the DR group. Transcriptome sequencing revealed that a total of 277 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between the 2 groups. Enrichment analysis showed that the DEGs were significantly enriched in 11 Gene Ontology biological processes and 14 KEGG pathways. The DEGs corresponding to almost any of these 11 biological process terms and 14 pathways showed mixed up- or downregulation following RCT. Metabolomics analysis indicated that a total of 33 differential metabolites were detected between the SR and DR groups, mainly enriched in 5 key metabolic pathways, including plant polysaccharides and starch degradation, lipid metabolism, amino sugar and nucleotide metabolism, purine metabolism, and Krebs cycle. Among them, the levels of differential metabolites associated with the degradation of plant polysaccharides and starches, metabolism of amino sugars and nucleotides, and purine metabolism pathways were significantly elevated in the DR cows. The results of blood biochemical parameters showed that the triglyceride concentration of the DR cows was increased than that of the SR cows, comparable to the level observed in the CON cows during the SARA induction period. Generally, our findings indicated that RCT facilitated the recovery of rumen epithelial morphological structure but did not promote its function recovery. Moreover, RCT enhanced rumen plant polysaccharide and starch degradation, amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism, as well as purine metabolism. Additionally, it further promoted the recovery of plasma metabolites related to lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Y Mu
- Archaeal Biology Center, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Microbiome Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China; Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China; Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, Centre for Ruminant Nutrition and Feed Engineering Technology Research, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Microbiome Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - W P Qi
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, Centre for Ruminant Nutrition and Feed Engineering Technology Research, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - T Zhang
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, Centre for Ruminant Nutrition and Feed Engineering Technology Research, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - J Y Zhang
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, Centre for Ruminant Nutrition and Feed Engineering Technology Research, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - M Li
- Archaeal Biology Center, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Microbiome Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Microbiome Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - S Y Mao
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, Centre for Ruminant Nutrition and Feed Engineering Technology Research, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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Karakus E, Proksch AL, Moritz A, Geyer J. Quantitative bile acid profiling in healthy adult dogs and pups from serum, plasma, urine, and feces using LC-MS/MS. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1380920. [PMID: 38948668 PMCID: PMC11211631 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1380920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Synthesis and secretion of bile acids (BA) is a key physiological function of the liver. In pathological conditions like portosystemic shunt, hepatic insufficiency, hepatitis, or cirrhosis BA metabolism and secretion are disturbed. Quantification of total serum BA is an established diagnostic method to assess the general liver function and allows early detection of abnormalities, liver disease progression and guidance of treatment decisions. To date, data on comparative BA profiles in dogs are limited. However, BA profiles might be even better diagnostic parameters than total BA concentrations. On this background, the present study analyzed and compared individual BA profiles in serum, plasma, urine, and feces of 10 healthy pups and 40 adult healthy dogs using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Sample preparation was performed by solid-phase extraction for serum, plasma, and urine samples or by protein precipitation with methanol for the feces samples. For each dog, 22 different BA, including unconjugated BA and their glycine and taurine conjugates, were analyzed. In general, there was a great interindividual variation for the concentrations of single BA, mostly exemplified by the fact that cholic acid (CA) was by far the most prominent BA in blood and urine samples of some of the dogs (adults and pups), while in others, CA was under the detection limit. There were no significant age-related differences in the BA profiles, but pups showed generally lower absolute BA concentrations in serum, plasma, and urine. Taurine-conjugated BA were predominant in the serum and plasma of both pups (68%) and adults (74-75%), while unconjugated BA were predominant in the urine and feces of pups (64 and 95%, respectively) and adults (68 and 99%, respectively). The primary BA chenodeoxycholic acid and taurocholic acid and the secondary BA deoxycholic acid and lithocholic acid were the most robust analytes for potential diagnostic purpose. In conclusion, this study reports simultaneous BA profiling in dog serum, plasma, urine, and feces and provides valuable diagnostic data for subsequent clinical studies in dogs with different kinds of liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emre Karakus
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Anna-Lena Proksch
- Clinic of Small Animals—Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Andreas Moritz
- Clinic of Small Animals—Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Joachim Geyer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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Trøseid M, Nielsen SD, Vujkovic-Cvijin I. Gut microbiome and cardiometabolic comorbidities in people living with HIV. MICROBIOME 2024; 12:106. [PMID: 38877521 PMCID: PMC11177534 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-024-01815-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite modern antiretroviral therapy (ART), people living with HIV (PLWH) have increased relative risk of inflammatory-driven comorbidities, including cardiovascular disease (CVD). The gut microbiome could be one of several driving factors, along with traditional risk factors and HIV-related risk factors such as coinfections, ART toxicity, and past immunodeficiency. RESULTS PLWH have an altered gut microbiome, even after adjustment for known confounding factors including sexual preference. The HIV-related microbiome has been associated with cardiometabolic comorbidities, and shares features with CVD-related microbiota profiles, in particular reduced capacity for short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) generation. Substantial inter-individual variation has so far been an obstacle for applying microbiota profiles for risk stratification. This review covers updated knowledge and recent advances in our understanding of the gut microbiome and comorbidities in PLWH, with specific focus on cardiometabolic comorbidities and inflammation. It covers a comprehensive overview of HIV-related and comorbidity-related dysbiosis, microbial translocation, and microbiota-derived metabolites. It also contains recent data from studies in PLWH on circulating metabolites related to comorbidities and underlying gut microbiota alterations, including circulating levels of the SCFA propionate, the histidine-analogue imidazole propionate, and the protective metabolite indole-3-propionic acid. CONCLUSIONS Despite recent advances, the gut microbiome and related metabolites are not yet established as biomarkers or therapeutic targets. The review gives directions for future research needed to advance the field into clinical practice, including promises and pitfalls for precision medicine. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Trøseid
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.
- Section for Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Susanne Dam Nielsen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology and Transplantation, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, Copenhagen Oe, 2100, Denmark
| | - Ivan Vujkovic-Cvijin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Karsh Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- F. Widjaja Inflammatory Bowel Disease Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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29
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Dicks L, Schuh-von Graevenitz K, Prehn C, Sadri H, Ghaffari MH, Häussler S. Bile acid profiles and mRNA expression of bile acid-related genes in the liver of dairy cows with high versus normal body condition. J Dairy Sci 2024:S0022-0302(24)00922-6. [PMID: 38876220 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2024-24844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Bile acids (BA) play a crucial role not only in lipid digestion but also in the regulation of overall energy homeostasis, including glucose and lipid metabolism. The aim of this study was to investigate BA profiles and mRNA expression of BA-related genes in the liver of high versus normal body condition in dairy cows. We hypothesized that body condition and the transition from gestation to lactation affect hepatic BA concentrations as well as the mRNA abundance of BA-related receptors, regulatory enzymes, and transporters. Therefore, we analyzed BA in the liver as well as the mRNA abundance of BA-related synthesizing enzymes, transporters, and receptors in the liver during the transition period in cows with different body conditions around calving. In a previously established animal model, 38 German Holstein cows were divided into groups with high body condition score (BCS) (HBCS; n = 19) or normal BCS (NBCS; n = 19) based on BCS and backfat thickness (BFT). Cows were fed diets aimed at achieving the targeted differences in BCS and BFT (NBCS: BCS <3.5, BFT <1.2 cm; HBCS: BCS >3.75, BFT >1.4 cm) until they were dried off at wk 7 before parturition. Both groups were fed identical diets during the dry period and subsequent lactation. Liver biopsies were taken at wk -7, 1, 3, and 12 relative to parturition. For BA measurement, a targeted metabolomics approach with LC-ESI-MS/MS was used to analyze BA in the liver. The mRNA abundance of targeted genes related to BA-synthesizing enzymes, transporters, and receptors in the liver was analyzed using microfluidic quantitative PCR. In total, we could detect 14 BA in the liver: 6 primary and 8 secondary BA, with glycocholic acid (GCA) being the most abundant one. The increase of glycine-conjugated BA after parturition, in parallel to increasing serum glycine concentrations may originate from an enhanced mobilization of muscle protein to meet the high nutritional requirements in early lactating cows. Higher DMI in NBCS cows compared with HBCS cows was associated with higher liver BA concentrations such as GCA, deoxycholic acid (DCA), and cholic acid (CA). The mRNA abundance of BA-related enzymes measured herein suggests the dominance of the alternative signaling pathway in the liver of HBCS cows. Overall, BA profiles and BA metabolism in the liver depend on both, the body condition and lactation-induced effects in periparturient dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Dicks
- Institute of Animal Science, Physiology Unit, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Katharina Schuh-von Graevenitz
- Department of Life Sciences and Engineering, Animal Nutrition and Hygiene Unit, University of Applied Sciences Bingen, 55411 Bingen am Rhein, Germany
| | - Cornelia Prehn
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Metabolomics and Proteomics Core, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Hassan Sadri
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, 516616471 Tabriz, Iran
| | - Morteza H Ghaffari
- Institute of Animal Science, Physiology Unit, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Susanne Häussler
- Institute of Animal Science, Physiology Unit, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
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30
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Xu RH, Shen JN, Lu JB, Liu YJ, Song Y, Cao Y, Wang ZH, Zhang J. Bile acid profiles and classification model accuracy for inflammatory bowel disease diagnosis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e38457. [PMID: 38847684 PMCID: PMC11155534 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000038457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024] Open
Abstract
To investigate the utility of serum bile acid profiling for the diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We analyzed 15 specific bile acids in the serum of 269 IBD patients, 200 healthy controls (HC), and 174 patients with other intestinal diseases (OID) using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Serum bile acid levels were compared between IBD group, HC group, and OID group. Binary logistic regression-based models were developed to model the bile acids and diagnose IBD. Furthermore, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to assess the diagnostic accuracy of each bile acid and the model. Compared to HC group, IBD group exhibited significantly lower levels of chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), deoxycholic acid (DCA), glycodeoxycholic acid (GDCA), taurodeoxycholic acid (TDCA), lithocholic acid (LCA), glycolithocholic acid (GLCA), taurolithocholic acid (TLCA), and an elevated primary-to-secondary bile acid ratio. DCA had an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.860 for diagnosing IBD, with a sensitivity of 80.67% and a specificity of 82.50%. A model Y0 combining DCA and CDCA to distinguish between IBD group and HC group further improved accuracy (AUC = 0.866, sensitivity = 76.28%, specificity = 89.37%). Compared to non-IBD group (which combined healthy controls and those with other intestinal diseases), IBD group had significantly lower levels of DCA, GDCA, TDCA, LCA, GLCA, and TLCA, and elevated levels of glycocholic acid (GCA) and glycochenodeoxycholic acid (GCDCA). A model Y1 incorporating GCDCA, DCA and TLCA to distinguish between IBD group and non-IBD group yielded an AUC of 0.792, with a sensitivity of 77.67% and specificity of 71.91%. IBD patients exhibit decreased serum secondary bile acid levels and an elevated primary-to-secondary bile acid ratio. Serum bile acid alterations are associated with the onset of IBD. A model consisting of CDCA and DCA has potential for distinguishing between IBD group and HC group, while a model incorporating GCDCA, DCA and TLCA may be suitable for distinguishing between IBD group and non-IBD group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Run-Hao Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia-Nan Shen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing-Bo Lu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Jing Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Song
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Cao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen-Huan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Alonso N, Almer G, Semeraro MD, Rodriguez-Blanco G, Fauler G, Anders I, Ritter G, vom Scheidt A, Hammer N, Gruber HJ, Herrmann M. Impact of High-Fat Diet and Exercise on Bone and Bile Acid Metabolism in Rats. Nutrients 2024; 16:1744. [PMID: 38892677 PMCID: PMC11174439 DOI: 10.3390/nu16111744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Bile acids help facilitate intestinal lipid absorption and have endocrine activity in glucose, lipid and bone metabolism. Obesity and exercise influence bile acid metabolism and have opposite effects in bone. This study investigates if regular exercise helps mitigate the adverse effects of obesity on bone, potentially by reversing alterations in bile acid metabolism. Four-month-old female Sprague Dawley rats either received a high-fat diet (HFD) or a chow-based standard diet (lean controls). During the 10-month study period, half of the animals performed 30 min of running at moderate speed on five consecutive days followed by two days of rest. The other half was kept inactive (inactive controls). At the study's end, bone quality was assessed by microcomputed tomography and biomechanical testing. Bile acids were measured in serum and stool. HFD feeding was related to reduced trabecular (-33%, p = 1.14 × 10-7) and cortical (-21%, p = 2.9 × 10-8) bone mass and lowered femoral stiffness (12-41%, p = 0.005). Furthermore, the HFD decreased total bile acids in serum (-37%, p = 1.0 × 10-6) but increased bile acids in stool (+2-fold, p = 7.3 × 10-9). These quantitative effects were accompanied by changes in the relative abundance of individual bile acids. The concentration of serum bile acids correlated positively with all cortical bone parameters (r = 0.593-0.708), whilst stool levels showed inverse correlations at the cortical (r = -0.651--0.805) and trabecular level (r = -0.656--0.750). Exercise improved some trabecular and cortical bone quality parameters (+11-31%, p = 0.043 to 0.001) in lean controls but failed to revert the bone loss related to the HFD. Similarly, changes in bile acid metabolism were not mitigated by exercise. Prolonged HFD consumption induced quantitative and qualitative alterations in bile acid metabolism, accompanied by bone loss. Tight correlations between bile acids and structural indices of bone quality support further functional analyses on the potential role of bile acids in bone metabolism. Regular moderate exercise improved trabecular and cortical bone quality in lean controls but failed in mitigating the effects related to the HFD in bone and bile acid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nerea Alonso
- Clinical Institute for Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics (CIMCL), Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Gunter Almer
- Clinical Institute for Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics (CIMCL), Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Maria Donatella Semeraro
- Clinical Institute for Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics (CIMCL), Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Giovanny Rodriguez-Blanco
- Clinical Institute for Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics (CIMCL), Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
- LKH-Universitätsklinikum Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Günter Fauler
- Clinical Institute for Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics (CIMCL), Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Ines Anders
- Division of Biomedical Research, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria (G.R.)
| | - Gerald Ritter
- Division of Biomedical Research, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria (G.R.)
| | | | - Niels Hammer
- Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Division of Biomechatronics, Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Hans-Jürgen Gruber
- Clinical Institute for Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics (CIMCL), Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Markus Herrmann
- Clinical Institute for Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics (CIMCL), Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
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Liu H, Wang P, Xu F, Nie Q, Yan S, Zhang Z, Zhang Y, Jiang C, Qin X, Pang Y. The Hydrophilic Metabolite UMP Alleviates Obesity Traits through a HIF2α-ACER2-Ceramide Signaling Axis. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2309525. [PMID: 38460165 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202309525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic abnormalities contribute to the pathogenesis of obesity and its complications. Yet, the understanding of the interactions between critical metabolic pathways that underlie obesity remains to be improved, in part owing to the lack of comprehensive metabolomics studies that reconcile data from both hydrophilic and lipophilic metabolome analyses that can lead to the identification and characterization of key signaling networks. Here, the study conducts a comprehensive metabolomics analysis, surveying lipids and hydrophilic metabolites of the plasma and omental adipose tissue of obese individuals and the plasma and epididymal adipose tissue of mice. Through these approaches, it is found that a significant accumulation of ceramide due to inhibited sphingolipid catabolism, while a significant reduction in the levels of uridine monophosphate (UMP), is critical to pyrimidine biosynthesis. Further, it is found that UMP administration restores sphingolipid homeostasis and can reduce obesity in mice by reversing obesity-induced inhibition of adipocyte hypoxia inducible factor 2a (Hif2α) and its target gene alkaline ceramidase 2 (Acer2), so as to promote ceramide catabolism and alleviate its accumulation within cells. Using adipose tissue Hif2α-specific knockout mice, the study further demonstrates that the presence of UMP can alleviate obesity through a HIF2α-ACER2-ceramide pathway, which can be a new signaling axis for obesity improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiying Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
- Center for Obesity and Metabolic Disease Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Pengcheng Wang
- Center of Basic Medical Research, Institute of Medical Innovation and Research, Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Feng Xu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
- Center for Obesity and Metabolic Disease Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, Janssen China Research & Development, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Qixing Nie
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
- Center for Obesity and Metabolic Disease Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Polysaccharides of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330013, China
| | - Sen Yan
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, State Key Laboratory of Female Fertility Preservation and Promotion, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Zhipeng Zhang
- General Surgery Department, Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- General Surgery Department, Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Changtao Jiang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
- Center for Obesity and Metabolic Disease Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
- Center of Basic Medical Research, Institute of Medical Innovation and Research, Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xiaomei Qin
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yanli Pang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, State Key Laboratory of Female Fertility Preservation and Promotion, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
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Kiasat A, Prast-Nielsen S, Rautiainen S, Engstrand L, Andersson F, Lindberg J, Schuppe-Koistinen I, Löf Granström A, Gustafsson UO. Plasma bile acids in association with Crohn's disease. Scand J Gastroenterol 2024; 59:674-682. [PMID: 38505982 DOI: 10.1080/00365521.2024.2328592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In addition to facilitating lipid digestions, bile acids (BA) are signalling molecules acting on receptors on immune cells and along the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The aim of this study was to assess if altered bile acid profiles in plasma are associated with Crohn's disease (CD). METHOD This cross-sectional study included individuals (aged ≥18 years) referred for colonoscopy at a tertiary centre in Stockholm between 2016 and 2019. All participants received bowel preparation, completed a lifestyle questionnaire and provided blood samples for analysis. During colonoscopy, severity of disease was graded, and biopsies were taken from colonic mucosa. In the current substudy, 88 individuals with CD and 88 age-matched controls were selected for analysis of BA in plasma with ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC). Linear regression models were then used to compare mean bile acid concentrations and concentration ratios between CD and controls. RESULTS Individuals with CD had lower plasma concentrations of the majority of secondary BA compared to controls, in total CD/CC ratio 0.60 (SE 0.12), p = 0.001. The most prominent observations were lower levels of deoxycolic acid derivates and lithocolic acid derivates among participants with CD. Moreover, plasma concentration for secondary BA among participants with active CD was significantly lower compared to those with CD in remission, CD active/CD remission ratio 0.65 (SE 0.11), p < 0.002. CONCLUSION Crohn's disease may be associated with altered plasma bile acid composition. The significance of colonic bacterial diversity in this context needs to be investigated in further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Kiasat
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Colorectal Surgery Unit, Department of Pelvic Cancer, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stefanie Prast-Nielsen
- Centre for Translational Microbiome Research, Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Susanne Rautiainen
- Global and Sexual Health Research Group, Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Engstrand
- Centre for Translational Microbiome Research, Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Andersson
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Safety, Research Institutes of Sweden (RISE), Sweden
| | - Johan Lindberg
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Safety, Research Institutes of Sweden (RISE), Sweden
| | - Ina Schuppe-Koistinen
- Centre for Translational Microbiome Research, Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Löf Granström
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulf O Gustafsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Colorectal Surgery Unit, Department of Pelvic Cancer, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Song T, Liang X, Wang H, Xue M, Wang J. Gut microbiota-bile acid crosstalk and metabolic fatty liver in spotted seabass ( Lateolabrax maculatus): The role of a cholesterol, taurine and glycine supplement. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2024; 17:87-99. [PMID: 38766518 PMCID: PMC11101744 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2024.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
The prevalent practice of substituting fishmeal with plant protein frequently leads to disturbances in bile acid metabolism, subsequently increasing the incidence of metabolic liver diseases. Bile acid nutrients such as cholesterol, taurine and glycine have been shown to enhance bile acid synthesis and confer beneficial effects on growth. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of cholesterol-taurine-glycine (Ch-Tau-Gly) supplement on bile acid metabolism and liver health in spotted seabass (Lateolabrax maculatus) fed a plant-based diet. Two isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets were formulated: (1) plant protein-based diet (PP); (2) PP supplemented 0.5% cholesterol, 0.5% taurine and 1.3% glycine (CTG). Each experimental diet was randomly fed to quadruplicate groups of 30 feed-trained spotted seabass in each tank. The results revealed that supplementing plant-based diet with Ch-Tau-Gly supplement led to an increase in carcass ratio (meat yield) in spotted seabass (P < 0.05), indirectly contributing positively to their growth. The dietary supplement effectively suppressed endogenous cholesterol synthesis in the liver, promoted the expression of bile acid synthesis enzyme synthesis, and simultaneously the expression of intestinal fxr and its downstream genes, including hnf4α and shp (P < 0.05). The reduction in Lactobacillus_salivarius and bile salt hydrolase (BSH) were observed in CTG group with concurrently increased conjugated chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) bile acids (P < 0.05), suggesting the enhancement of the hydrophilicity of the bile acid pool. In CTG group, fatty liver was alleviated with a corresponding increase in lipid metabolism, characterized by a downregulation of genes associated with lipogenesis and lipid droplet deposition, along with an upregulation of genes related to lipolysis. Our study underscored the ability of Ch-Tau-Gly supplement to influence the gut microbiota, leading to an increase in the levels of conjugated CDCA (P < 0.05) in the bile acid pool of spotted seabass. The interplay between the gut microbiota and bile acids might constitute a crucial pathway in the promotion of liver health. These findings offer a promising solution, suggesting that Ch-Tau-Gly supplement have the potential to promote the growth of aquatic species and livestock fed on plant-based diets while addressing issues related to metabolic fatty liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Song
- National Aquafeed Safety Assessment Center, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiaofang Liang
- National Aquafeed Safety Assessment Center, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Hao Wang
- National Aquafeed Safety Assessment Center, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Min Xue
- National Aquafeed Safety Assessment Center, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jie Wang
- National Aquafeed Safety Assessment Center, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
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Aydin Ö, Wahlström A, de Jonge PA, Meijnikman AS, Sjöland W, Olsson L, Henricsson M, de Goffau MC, Oonk S, Bruin SC, Acherman YIZ, Marschall HU, Gerdes VEA, Nieuwdorp M, Bäckhed F, Groen AK. An integrated analysis of bile acid metabolism in humans with severe obesity. Hepatology 2024:01515467-990000000-00889. [PMID: 39010331 DOI: 10.1097/hep.0000000000000938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Bile acids (BA) are vital regulators of metabolism. BAs are AQ6 secreted in the small intestine, reabsorbed, and transported back to the liver, where they can modulate metabolic functions. There is a paucity of data regarding the portal BA composition in humans. This study aimed to address this knowledge gap by investigating portal BA composition and the relation with peripheral and fecal BA dynamics in conjunction with the gut microbiome. APPROACH AND RESULTS Thirty-three individuals from the BARIA cohort were included. Portal plasma, peripheral plasma, and feces were collected. BA and C4 levels were measured employing mass spectrometry. FGF19 was measured using ELISA. Gut microbiota composition was determined through metagenomics analysis on stool samples. Considerable diversity in the portal BA composition was observed. The majority (n = 26) of individuals had a 9-fold higher portal than peripheral BA concentration. In contrast, 8 individuals showed lower portal BA concentration compared with peripheral and had higher levels of unconjugated and secondary BA in this compartment, suggesting more distal origin. The altered portal BA profile was associated with altered gut microbiota composition. In particular, taxa within Bacteroides were reduced in abundance in the feces of these individuals. CONCLUSIONS Characterization of the portal BA composition in relation to peripheral and fecal BA increased insight into the dynamics of BA metabolism in individuals with obesity. Peripheral BA composition was much more diverse due to microbial metabolism. About 24% of the portal samples was surprisingly low in total BA; the underlying mechanism requires further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ömrüm Aydin
- Department of Internal and (Experimental) Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Vascular Medicine, ACS Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Annika Wahlström
- Wallenberg Laboratory and Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Patrick A de Jonge
- Department of Internal and (Experimental) Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Vascular Medicine, ACS Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Abraham S Meijnikman
- Department of Internal and (Experimental) Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Vascular Medicine, ACS Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Wilhelm Sjöland
- Wallenberg Laboratory and Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lisa Olsson
- Wallenberg Laboratory and Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Marcus Henricsson
- Wallenberg Laboratory and Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Marcus C de Goffau
- Department of Internal and (Experimental) Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Vascular Medicine, ACS Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Stijn Oonk
- Department of Scientific Research, Data Science, Spaarne Gasthuis Hospital, Hoofddorp, the Netherlands
| | - Sjoerd C Bruin
- Department of Bariatric Surgery, Spaarne Gasthuis Hospital, Hoofddorp, the Netherlands
| | - Yair I Z Acherman
- Department of Bariatric Surgery, Spaarne Gasthuis Hospital, Hoofddorp, the Netherlands
| | - Hanns-Ulrich Marschall
- Wallenberg Laboratory and Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Victor E A Gerdes
- Department of Internal and (Experimental) Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Vascular Medicine, ACS Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Bariatric Surgery, Spaarne Gasthuis Hospital, Hoofddorp, the Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Spaarne Gasthuis Hospital, Hoofddorp, the Netherlands
| | - Max Nieuwdorp
- Department of Internal and (Experimental) Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Vascular Medicine, ACS Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Fredrik Bäckhed
- Wallenberg Laboratory and Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Albert K Groen
- Department of Internal and (Experimental) Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Vascular Medicine, ACS Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Sun K, Zhu NL, Huang SL, Qu H, Gu YP, Qin L, Liu J, Leng Y. A new mechanism of thyroid hormone receptor β agonists ameliorating nonalcoholic steatohepatitis by inhibiting intestinal lipid absorption via remodeling bile acid profiles. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2024:10.1038/s41401-024-01303-x. [PMID: 38789494 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-024-01303-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Excessive dietary calories lead to systemic metabolic disorders, disturb hepatic lipid metabolism, and aggravate nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Bile acids (BAs) play key roles in regulating nutrition absorption and systemic energy homeostasis. Resmetirom is a selective thyroid hormone receptor β (THRβ) agonist and the first approved drug for NASH treatment. It is well known that the THRβ activation could promote intrahepatic lipid catabolism and improve mitochondrial function, however, its effects on intestinal lipid absorption and BA compositions remain unknown. In the present study, the choline-deficient, L-amino acid defined, high-fat diet (CDAHFD) and high-fat diet plus CCl4 (HFD+CCl4)-induced NASH mice were used to evaluate the effects of resmetirom on lipid and BA composition. We showed that resmetirom administration (10 mg·kg-1·d-1, i.g.) significantly altered hepatic lipid composition, especially reduced the C18:2 fatty acyl chain-containing triglyceride (TG) and phosphatidylcholine (PC) in the two NASH mouse models, suggesting that THRβ activation inhibited intestinal lipid absorption since C18:2 fatty acid could be obtained only from diet. Targeted analysis of BAs showed that resmetirom treatment markedly reduced the hepatic and intestinal 12-OH to non-12-OH BAs ratio by suppressing cytochrome P450 8B1 (CYP8B1) expression in both NASH mouse models. The direct inhibition by resmetirom on intestinal lipid absorption was further verified by the BODIPY gavage and the oral fat tolerance test. In addition, disturbance of the altered BA profiles by exogenous cholic acid (CA) supplementation abolished the inhibitory effects of resmetirom on intestinal lipid absorption in both normal and CDAHFD-fed mice, suggesting that resmetirom inhibited intestinal lipid absorption by reducing 12-OH BAs content. In conclusion, we discovered a novel mechanism of THRβ agonists on NASH treatment by inhibiting intestinal lipid absorption through remodeling BAs composition, which highlights the multiple regulation of THRβ activation on lipid metabolism and extends the current knowledge on the action mechanisms of THRβ agonists in NASH treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Nan-Lin Zhu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Su-Ling Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Hui Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yi-Pei Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Li Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Ying Leng
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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Zhu Y, Zhao Y, Ning Z, Deng Y, Li B, Sun Y, Meng Z. Metabolic self-feeding in HBV-associated hepatocarcinoma centered on feedback between circulation lipids and the cellular MAPK/mTOR axis. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:280. [PMID: 38773448 PMCID: PMC11106961 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01619-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) is widely recognized as a "metabolic virus" that disrupts hepatic metabolic homeostasis, rendering it one of the foremost risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Except for antiviral therapy, the fundamental principles underlying HBV- and HBV+ HCC have remained unchanged, limiting HCC treatment options. OBJECTIVES In this study, we aim to identify the distinctive metabolic profile of HBV-associated HCC, with the promise of identifying novel metabolic targets that confer survival advantages and ultimately impede cancer progression. METHODS We employed a comprehensive methodology to evaluate metabolic alterations systematically. Initially, we analyzed transcriptomic and proteomic data obtained from a public database, subsequently validating these findings within our test cohort at both the proteomic and transcriptomic levels. Additionally, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of tissue metabolomics profiles, lipidomics, and the activity of the MAPK and AKT signaling pathway to corroborate the abovementioned changes. RESULTS Our multi-omics approach revealed distinct metabolic dysfunctions associated with HBV-associated HCC. Specifically, we observed upregulated steroid hormone biosynthesis, primary bile acid metabolism, and sphingolipid metabolism in HBV-associated HCC patients' serum. Notably, metabolites involved in primary bile acid and sphingolipids can activate the MAPK/mTOR pathway. Tissue metabolomics and lipidomics analyses further validated the serum metabolic alterations, particularly alterations in lipid composition and accumulation of unsaturated fatty acids. CONCLUSION Our findings emphasize the pivotal role of HBV in HCC metabolism, elucidating the activation of a unique MAPK/mTOR signaling axis by primary bile acids and sphingolipids. Moreover, the hyperactive MAPK/mTOR signaling axis transduction leads to significant reprogramming in lipid metabolism within HCC cells, further triggering the activation of the MAPK/mTOR pathway in turn, thereby establishing a self-feeding circle driven by primary bile acids and sphingolipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhu
- Minimally invasive therapy center, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yingke Zhao
- Minimally invasive therapy center, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Eye Institute, Eye and ENT Hospital, College of Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhouyu Ning
- Minimally invasive therapy center, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yong Deng
- Department of Research and Development, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 201321, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of radiation oncology (20dz2261000), Shanghai, 201321, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Proton and Heavy Ion Radiation Therapy, Shanghai, 201321, China
| | - Bing Li
- Department of Research and Development, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 201321, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of radiation oncology (20dz2261000), Shanghai, 201321, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Proton and Heavy Ion Radiation Therapy, Shanghai, 201321, China
| | - Yun Sun
- Department of Research and Development, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 201321, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of radiation oncology (20dz2261000), Shanghai, 201321, China.
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Proton and Heavy Ion Radiation Therapy, Shanghai, 201321, China.
| | - Zhiqiang Meng
- Minimally invasive therapy center, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Di Giorgio C, Morretta E, Lupia A, Bellini R, Massa C, Urbani G, Bordoni M, Marchianò S, Lachi G, Rapacciuolo P, Finamore C, Sepe V, Chiara Monti M, Moraca F, Natalizi N, Graziosi L, Distrutti E, Biagioli M, Catalanotti B, Donini A, Zampella A, Fiorucci S. Bile acids serve as endogenous antagonists of the Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) receptor in oncogenesis. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 223:116134. [PMID: 38494064 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
The leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) is member of interleukin (IL)-6 family of cytokines involved immune regulation, morphogenesis and oncogenesis. In cancer tissues, LIF binds a heterodimeric receptor (LIFR), formed by a LIFRβ subunit and glycoprotein(gp)130, promoting epithelial mesenchymal transition and cell growth. Bile acids are cholesterol metabolites generated at the interface of host metabolism and the intestinal microbiota. Here we demonstrated that bile acids serve as endogenous antagonist to LIFR in oncogenesis. The tissue characterization of bile acids content in non-cancer and cancer biopsy pairs from gastric adenocarcinomas (GC) demonstrated that bile acids accumulate within cancer tissues, with glyco-deoxycholic acid (GDCA) functioning as negative regulator of LIFR expression. In patient-derived organoids (hPDOs) from GC patients, GDCA reverses LIF-induced stemness and proliferation. In summary, we have identified the secondary bile acids as the first endogenous antagonist to LIFR supporting a development of bile acid-based therapies in LIF-mediated oncogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elva Morretta
- University of Salerno, Department of Pharmacy, Salerno, Italy
| | - Antonio Lupia
- University of Cagliari, Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Cagliari, Italy; Net4Science srl, University "Magna Græcia", Campus Salvatore Venuta, Viale Europa, Catanzaro 88100, Italy
| | - Rachele Bellini
- University of Perugia, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Perugia, Italy
| | - Carmen Massa
- University of Perugia, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Perugia, Italy
| | - Ginevra Urbani
- University of Perugia, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Perugia, Italy
| | - Martina Bordoni
- University of Perugia, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Perugia, Italy
| | - Silvia Marchianò
- University of Perugia, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Perugia, Italy
| | - Ginevra Lachi
- University of Perugia, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Claudia Finamore
- University of Naples Federico II, Department of Pharmacy, Naples, Italy
| | - Valentina Sepe
- University of Naples Federico II, Department of Pharmacy, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Federica Moraca
- Net4Science srl, University "Magna Græcia", Campus Salvatore Venuta, Viale Europa, Catanzaro 88100, Italy; University of Naples Federico II, Department of Pharmacy, Naples, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Michele Biagioli
- University of Perugia, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Perugia, Italy
| | - Bruno Catalanotti
- University of Naples Federico II, Department of Pharmacy, Naples, Italy
| | - Annibale Donini
- University of Perugia, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Perugia, Italy
| | - Angela Zampella
- University of Naples Federico II, Department of Pharmacy, Naples, Italy
| | - Stefano Fiorucci
- University of Perugia, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Perugia, Italy.
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Heianza Y, Xue Q, Rood J, Clish CB, Bray GA, Sacks FM, Qi L. Changes in bile acid subtypes and improvements in lipid metabolism and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk: the Preventing Overweight Using Novel Dietary Strategies (POUNDS Lost) trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2024; 119:1293-1300. [PMID: 38428740 PMCID: PMC11130658 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Distinct circulating bile acid (BA) subtypes may play roles in regulating lipid homeostasis and atherosclerosis. OBJECTIVES We investigated whether changes in circulating BA subtypes induced by weight-loss dietary interventions were associated with improved lipid profiles and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk estimates. METHODS This study included adults with overweight or obesity (n = 536) who participated in a randomized weight-loss dietary intervention trial. Circulating primary and secondary unconjugated BAs and their taurine-/glycine-conjugates were measured at baseline and 6 mo after the weight-loss diet intervention. The ASCVD risk estimates were calculated using the validated equations. RESULTS At baseline, higher concentrations of specific BA subtypes were related to higher concentrations of atherogenic very low-density lipoprotein lipid subtypes and ASCVD risk estimates. Weight-loss diet-induced decreases in primary BAs were related to larger reductions in triglycerides and total cholesterol [every 1 standard deviation (SD) decrease of glycocholate, glycochenodeoxycholate, or taurochenodeoxycholate was related to β (standard error) -3.3 (1.3), -3.4 (1.3), or -3.8 (1.3) mg/dL, respectively; PFDR < 0.05 for all]. Greater decreases in specific secondary BA subtypes were also associated with improved lipid metabolism at 6 mo; there was β -4.0 (1.1) mg/dL per 1-SD decrease of glycoursodeoxycholate (PFDR =0.003) for changes in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. We found significant interactions (P-interaction < 0.05) between dietary fat intake and changes in BA subtypes on changes in ASCVD risk estimates; decreases in primary and secondary BAs (such as conjugated cholate or deoxycholate) were significantly associated with improved ASCVD risk after consuming a high-fat diet, but not after consuming a low-fat diet. CONCLUSIONS Decreases in distinct BA subtypes were associated with improved lipid profiles and ASCVD risk estimates, highlighting the importance of changes in circulating BA subtypes as significant factors linked to improved lipid metabolism and ASCVD risk estimates in response to weight-loss dietary interventions. Habitual dietary fat intake may modify the associations of changes in BAs with ASCVD risk. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00072995.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoriko Heianza
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States.
| | - Qiaochu Xue
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Jennifer Rood
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Clary B Clish
- Metabolomics Platform, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - George A Bray
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Frank M Sacks
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Lu Qi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States.
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Cheng Z, Chen Y, Schnabl B, Chu H, Yang L. Bile acid and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: Molecular insights and therapeutic targets. J Adv Res 2024; 59:173-187. [PMID: 37356804 PMCID: PMC11081971 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2023.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) has been the second most common cause of liver transplantation in the United States. To date, NASH pathogenesis has not been fully elucidated but is multifactorial, involving insulin resistance, obesity, metabolic disorders, diet, dysbiosis, and gene polymorphism. An effective and approved therapy for NASH has also not been established. Bile acid is long known to have physiological detergent function in emulsifying and absorbing lipids and lipid-soluble molecules within the intestinal lumen. With more and more in-depth understandings of bile acid, it has been deemed to be a pivotal signaling molecule, which is capable of regulating lipid and glucose metabolism, liver inflammation, and fibrosis. In recent years, a plethora of studies have delineated that disrupted bile acid homeostasis is intimately correlated with NASH disease severity. AIMS The review aims to clarify the role of bile acid in hepatic lipid and glucose metabolism, liver inflammation, as well as liver fibrosis, and discusses the safety and efficacy of some pharmacological agents targeting bile acid and its associated pathways for NASH. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW Bile acid has a salutary effect on hepatic metabolic disorders, which can ameliorate liver fat accumulation and insulin resistance mainly through activating Takeda G-protein coupled receptor 5 and farnesoid X receptor. Moreover, bile acid also exerts anti-inflammation and anti-fibrosis properties. Furthermore, bile acid has great potential in nonalcoholic liver disease stratification and treatment of NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilu Cheng
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430022, China
| | - Yixiong Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430022, China
| | - Bernd Schnabl
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Huikuan Chu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430022, China.
| | - Ling Yang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430022, China.
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Horn G, Demel T, Rothmiller S, Amend N, Worek F. The influence of the model pesticides parathion and paraoxon on human cytochrome P450 and associated oxygenases in HepaRG cells. Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2024; 62:288-295. [PMID: 38874383 DOI: 10.1080/15563650.2024.2361879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Intentional and unintentional organophosphorus pesticide exposure is a public health concern. Organothiophosphate compounds require metabolic bioactivation by the cytochrome P450 system to their corresponding oxon analogues to act as potent inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase. It is known that interactions between cytochrome P450 and pesticides include the inhibition of major xenobiotic metabolizing cytochrome P450 enzymes and changes on the genetic level. METHODS In this in vitro study, the influence of the pesticides parathion and paraoxon on human cytochrome P450 and associated oxygenases was investigated with a metabolically competent cell line (HepaRG cells). First, the viability of the cells after exposure to parathion and paraoxon was evaluated. The inhibitory effect of both pesticides on cytochrome P450 3A4, which is a pivotal enzyme in the metabolism of xenobiotics, was examined by determining the dose-response curve. Changes on the transcription level of 92 oxygenase associated genes, including those for important cytochrome P450 enzymes, were evaluated. RESULTS The exposure of HepaRG cells to parathion and paraoxon at concentrations up to 100 µM resulted in a viability of 100 per cent. After exposure for 24 hours, pronounced inhibition of cytochrome P450 3A4 enzyme activity was shown, indicating 50 per cent effective concentrations of 1.2 µM (parathion) and 2.1 µM (paraoxon). The results revealed that cytochrome P450 involved in parathion metabolism were significantly upregulated. DISCUSSION Relevant changes of the cytochrome P450 3A4 enzyme activity and significant alteration of genes associated with cytochrome P450 suggest an interference of pesticide exposure with numerous metabolic processes. The major limitations of the work involve the use of a single pesticide and the in vitro model as surrogate to human hepatocytes. CONCLUSION The data of this study might be of relevance after survival of acute, life-threatening intoxications with organophosphorus compounds, particularly for the co-administration of drugs, which are metabolized by the affected cytochrome P450.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Horn
- Bundeswehr Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Munich, Germany
| | - Tobias Demel
- Bundeswehr Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Munich, Germany
| | - Simone Rothmiller
- Bundeswehr Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Munich, Germany
| | - Niko Amend
- Bundeswehr Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Munich, Germany
| | - Franz Worek
- Bundeswehr Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Munich, Germany
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Kim HJ, Kim HJ. [Bile Acid Diarrhea]. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY = TAEHAN SOHWAGI HAKHOE CHI 2024; 83:133-142. [PMID: 38659249 DOI: 10.4166/kjg.2023.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Diarrhea is a very common gastrointestinal symptom, and the presence of higher concentrations of bile acid in the colon leads to bile acid diarrhea (BAD). In BAD patients, a portion of bile from the small intestine that is normally controlled by enterohepatic circulation is present at a high concentration in the lumen of the large intestine, resulting in increased motility and secretion of the large intestine. The prevalence of BAD is estimated to be 1-2% of the general population, and it comprises one-third of the instances of diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome. The clinical symptoms of BAD include chronic diarrhea, increased frequency of defecation, urgency to defecate, fecal incontinence, and cramping abdominal pain. The pathophysiology of BAD has not yet been fully elucidated. However, recent studies have reported increased intestinal permeability, shortened intestinal transit time, and changes in the intestinal microbial community to be the possible causes of BAD. Although fecal and serum bile acid tests are widely used for diagnosis, new test methods that are non-invasive, inexpensive, and have high sensitivity and specificity are needed at various institutions to facilitate the diagnosis. The selenium homo-tauro-cholic acid (SeHCAT) test is the gold standard for BAD diagnosis and severity assessment. The validation of several other serum markers, such as 7-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one (serum 7αC4) and the fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19) for use in clinical practice is ongoing. Although bile acid sequestrants are the mainstay of treatment, the development of drugs that are more effective and have better compliance is required. Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) agonists are showing promising results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Jin Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Changwon, Korea
| | - Hyun Jin Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Changwon, Korea
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Kong FS, Huang P, Chen JH, Ma Y. The Novel Insight of Gut Microbiota from Mouse Model to Clinical Patients and the Role of NF-κB Pathway in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Reprod Sci 2024:10.1007/s43032-024-01562-3. [PMID: 38653859 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-024-01562-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperandrogenism and related symptoms in women of reproductive age. Emerging evidence suggests that chronic low-grade inflammation plays a significant role in the development of PCOS. The gut microbiota, a complex bacterial ecosystem, has been extensively studied for various diseases, including PCOS, while the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. This review comprehensively summarizes the changes in gut microbiota and metabolites observed in PCOS and their potential association with the condition. Additionally, we discuss the role of abnormal nuclear factor κB signaling in the pathogenesis of PCOS. These findings offer valuable insights into the mechanisms of PCOS and may pave the way for the development of control and therapeutic strategies for this condition in clinical practice. By bridging the gap between mouse models and clinical patients, this review contributes to a better understanding of the interplay between gut microbiota and inflammation in PCOS, thus paving new ways for future investigations and interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan-Sheng Kong
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
- Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Panwang Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
- Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jian-Huan Chen
- Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.
- Joint Primate Research Center for Chronic Diseases, Institute of Zoology of Guangdong Academy of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.
- Jiangnan University Brain Institute, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yaping Ma
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China.
- Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.
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Liu H, Wei M, Tan B, Dong X, Xie S. The Supplementation of Berberine in High-Carbohydrate Diets Improves Glucose Metabolism of Tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus) via Transcriptome, Bile Acid Synthesis Gene Expression and Intestinal Flora. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1239. [PMID: 38672387 PMCID: PMC11047455 DOI: 10.3390/ani14081239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Berberine is an alkaloid used to treat diabetes. This experiment aimed to investigate the effects of berberine supplementation in high-carbohydrate diets on the growth performance, glucose metabolism, bile acid synthesis, liver transcriptome, and intestinal flora of Nile tilapia. The six dietary groups were the C group with 29% carbohydrate, the H group with 44% carbohydrate, and the HB1-HB4 groups supplemented with 25, 50, 75, and 100 mg/kg of berberine in group H. The results of the 8-week trial showed that compared to group C, the abundance of Bacteroidetes was increased in group HB2 (p < 0.05). The cholesterol-7α-hydroxylase (CYP7A1) and sterol-27-hydroxylase (CYP27A1) activities were decreased and the expression of FXR was increased in group HB4 (p < 0.05). The pyruvate carboxylase (PC) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) activities was decreased in group HB4 (p < 0.05). The liver transcriptome suggests that berberine affects carbohydrate metabolic pathways and primary bile acid synthesis pathways. In summary, berberine affects the glucose metabolism in tilapia by altering the intestinal flora structure, enriching differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the bile acid pathway to stimulate bile acid production so that it promotes glycolysis and inhibits gluconeogenesis. Therefore, 100 mg/kg of berberine supplementation in high-carbohydrate diets is beneficial to tilapia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Liu
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (H.L.); (M.W.); (X.D.); (S.X.)
- Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High-Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Menglin Wei
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (H.L.); (M.W.); (X.D.); (S.X.)
- Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High-Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Beiping Tan
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (H.L.); (M.W.); (X.D.); (S.X.)
- Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High-Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Xiaohui Dong
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (H.L.); (M.W.); (X.D.); (S.X.)
- Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High-Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Shiwei Xie
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (H.L.); (M.W.); (X.D.); (S.X.)
- Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High-Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang 524088, China
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Luo Z, Du Z, Huang Y, Zhou T, Wu D, Yao X, Shen L, Yu S, Yong K, Wang B, Cao S. Alterations in the gut microbiota and its metabolites contribute to metabolic maladaptation in dairy cows during the development of hyperketonemia. mSystems 2024; 9:e0002324. [PMID: 38501812 PMCID: PMC11019918 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00023-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic maladaptation in dairy cows after calving can lead to long-term elevation of ketones, such as β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), representing the condition known as hyperketonemia, which greatly influences the health and production performance of cows during the lactation period. Although the gut microbiota is known to alter in dairy cows with hyperketonemia, the association of microbial metabolites with development of hyperketonemia remains unknown. In this study, we performed a multi-omics analysis to investigate the associations between fecal microbial community, fecal/plasma metabolites, and serum markers in hyperketonemic dairy cows during the transition period. Dynamic changes in the abundance of the phyla Verrucomicrobiota and Proteobacteria were detected in the gut microbiota of dairy cows, representing an adaptation to enhanced lipolysis and abnormal glucose metabolism after calving. Random forest and univariate analyses indicated that Frisingicoccus is a key bacterial genus in the gut of cows during the development of hyperketonemia, and its abundance was positively correlated with circulating branched-chain amino acid levels and the ketogenesis pathway. Taurodeoxycholic acid, belonging to the microbial metabolite, was strongly correlated with an increase in blood BHB level, and the levels of other secondary bile acid in the feces and plasma were altered in dairy cows prior to the diagnosis of hyperketonemia, which link the gut microbiota and hyperketonemia. Our results suggest that alterations in the gut microbiota and its metabolites contribute to excessive lipolysis and insulin insensitivity during the development of hyperketonemia, providing fundamental knowledge about manipulation of gut microbiome to improve metabolic adaptability in transition dairy cows.IMPORTANCEAccumulating evidence is pointing to an important association between gut microbiota-derived metabolites and metabolic disorders in humans and animals; however, this association in dairy cows from late gestation to early lactation is poorly understood. To address this gap, we integrated longitudinal gut microbial (feces) and metabolic (feces and plasma) profiles to characterize the phenotypic differences between healthy and hyperketonemic dairy cows from late gestation to early lactation. Our results demonstrate that cows underwent excessive lipid mobilization and insulin insensitivity before hyperketonemia was evident. The bile acids are functional readouts that link gut microbiota and host phenotypes in the development of hyperketonemia. Thus, this work provides new insight into the mechanisms involved in metabolic adaptation during the transition period to adjust to the high energy and metabolic demands after calving and during lactation, which can offer new strategies for livestock management involving intervention of the gut microbiome to facilitate metabolic adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengzhong Luo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhenlong Du
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yixin Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dan Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xueping Yao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liuhong Shen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shumin Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Kang Yong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Chongqing Three Gorges Vocational College, Chongqing, China
| | - Baoning Wang
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Suizhong Cao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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Guo Z, He K, Pang K, Yang D, Lyu C, Xu H, Wu D. Exploring Advanced Therapies for Primary Biliary Cholangitis: Insights from the Gut Microbiota-Bile Acid-Immunity Network. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4321. [PMID: 38673905 PMCID: PMC11050225 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is a cholestatic liver disease characterized by immune-mediated injury to small bile ducts. Although PBC is an autoimmune disease, the effectiveness of conventional immunosuppressive therapy is disappointing. Nearly 40% of PBC patients do not respond to the first-line drug UDCA. Without appropriate intervention, PBC patients eventually progress to liver cirrhosis and even death. There is an urgent need to develop new therapies. The gut-liver axis emphasizes the interconnection between the gut and the liver, and evidence is increasing that gut microbiota and bile acids play an important role in the pathogenesis of cholestatic diseases. Dysbiosis of gut microbiota, imbalance of bile acids, and immune-mediated bile duct injury constitute the triad of pathophysiology in PBC. Autoimmune cholangitis has the potential to be improved through immune system modulation. Considering the failure of conventional immunotherapies and the involvement of gut microbiota and bile acids in the pathogenesis, targeting immune factors associated with them, such as bile acid receptors, microbial-derived molecules, and related specific immune cells, may offer breakthroughs. Understanding the gut microbiota-bile acid network and related immune dysfunctions in PBC provides a new perspective on therapeutic strategies. Therefore, we summarize the latest advances in research of gut microbiota and bile acids in PBC and, for the first time, explore the possibility of related immune factors as novel immunotherapy targets. This article discusses potential therapeutic approaches focusing on regulating gut microbiota, maintaining bile acid homeostasis, their interactions, and related immune factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Guo
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China; (Z.G.); (K.P.); (D.Y.)
| | - Kun He
- Department of Gastroenterology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China; (K.H.); (C.L.)
| | - Ke Pang
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China; (Z.G.); (K.P.); (D.Y.)
| | - Daiyu Yang
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China; (Z.G.); (K.P.); (D.Y.)
| | - Chengzhen Lyu
- Department of Gastroenterology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China; (K.H.); (C.L.)
| | - Haifeng Xu
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Dong Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China; (K.H.); (C.L.)
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47
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Cangiano LR, Villot C, Guan LL, Ipharraguerre IR, Steele MA. Graduate Student Literature Review: Developmental adaptations of immune function in calves and the influence of the intestinal microbiota in health and disease. J Dairy Sci 2024; 107:2543-2555. [PMID: 37939842 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-24195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
This graduate student literature review provides an examination of the ontological adaptations of the calf's immune system and how the intestinal microbiota influences calf immune function in health and disease. Within dairy rearing systems, various nutritional and management factors have emerged as critical determinants of development influencing multiple physiological axes in the calf. Furthermore, we discuss how multiple pre- and postnatal maternal factors influence the trajectory of immune development in favor of establishing regulatory networks to successfully cope with the new environment, while providing early immune protection via immune passive transfer from colostrum. Additionally, our review provides insights into the current understanding of how the intestinal microbiota contributes to the development of the intestinal and systemic immune system in calves. Lastly, we address potential concerns related to the use of prophylactic antimicrobials and waste milk, specifically examining their adverse effects on intestinal health and metabolic function. By examining these factors, we aim to better understand the intricate relationship between current management practices and their long-term effect on animal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- L R Cangiano
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706; Department of Animal Biosciences, Animal Science and Nutrition, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 1Y2.
| | - C Villot
- Lallemand Animal Nutrition, F-31702 Blagnac, France, and Milwaukee, WI 53218
| | - L L Guan
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada, T6G 2P5
| | - I R Ipharraguerre
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, University of Kiel, D-24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - M A Steele
- Department of Animal Biosciences, Animal Science and Nutrition, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 1Y2
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Zhang L, Miao C, Wang Z, Guan X, Ma Y, Song J, Shen S, Song H, Li M, Liu C. Preparation and characterisation of baicalin magnesium and its protective effect in ulcerative colitis via gut microbiota-bile acid axis modulation. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 126:155416. [PMID: 38394726 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi is a well-known herb in traditional Chinese medicine that is frequently prescribed for various gastrointestinal conditions, including ulcerative colitis (UC). Its primary active constituent, baicalin, has poorly water solubility that reduces its efficacy. PURPOSE To enhance the aqueous solubility of baicalin by optimising its extraction process. We compared the modulatory effects of isolated water-soluble baicalin and water-insoluble baicalin on UC, and delved deeper into the potential mechanisms of water-soluble baicalin. METHODS We successfully extracted a more hydrophilic baicalin directly from an aqueous S. baicalensis Georgi extract through the process of recrystallisation following alcoholic precipitation of the aqueous extract obtained from S. baicalensis Georgi, eliminating the need for acid additives. This specific form of baicalin was conclusively identified by UV, IR, atomic absorption spectroscopy, elemental analysis, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and ESI-HRMS. We subsequently compared the regulatory effects of baicalin on UC before and after optimisation, employing 16S rDNA sequencing, bile acid-targeted metabolomics, and transcriptome analysis to elucidate the potential mechanism of water-soluble baicalin; and the key genes and proteins implicated in this mechanism were verified through RT-PCR and western blotting. RESULTS A new form of baicalin present in the aqueous solution of S. baicalensis Georgi was isolated, and its structural characterisation showed that it was bound to magnesium ions (baicalin magnesium) and exhibited favorable water solubility. Baicalin magnesium offers enhanced therapeutic benefits over baicalin for UC treatment, which alleviated the inflammatory response and oxidative stress levels while improving intestinal mucosal damage. Further investigation of the mechanism revealed that baicalin magnesium could effectively regulate bile acid metabolism and maintain intestinal microecological balance in UC mice, and suppress the activation of the nuclear factor-kappa B and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α signalling pathways, thereby playing a therapeutic role. CONCLUSIONS Baicalin magnesium has good water solubility, which solves the bottleneck problem of water insolubility in the practical applications of baicalin. Moreover, baicalin magnesium exhibits therapeutic potential for UC significantly better than baicalin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Research and Development for Chinese Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei 067000, PR China
| | - Ceyu Miao
- Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Research and Development for Chinese Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei 067000, PR China
| | - Zhixuan Wang
- Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Research and Development for Chinese Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei 067000, PR China
| | - Xiulu Guan
- Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Research and Development for Chinese Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei 067000, PR China
| | - Yechao Ma
- Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Research and Development for Chinese Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei 067000, PR China
| | - Jingyu Song
- Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Research and Development for Chinese Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei 067000, PR China
| | - Shiyuan Shen
- Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Research and Development for Chinese Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei 067000, PR China
| | - Hongru Song
- Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075000, PR China
| | - Mingqian Li
- Cancer Institute of Integrated Tradition Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310012, PR China.
| | - Cuizhe Liu
- Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Research and Development for Chinese Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei 067000, PR China.
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Lu XR, Tao Q, Qin Z, Liu XW, Li SH, Bai LX, Ge WB, Liu YX, Li JY, Yang YJ. A combined transcriptomics and proteomics approach to reveal the mechanism of AEE relieving hyperlipidemia in ApoE -/- mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 173:116400. [PMID: 38484560 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia caused by abnormal lipid metabolism has reached epidemic proportions. This phenomenon is also common in companion animals. Previous studies showed that AEE significantly improves abnormal blood lipids in hyperlipidemia rats and mice, but its mechanism is still not clear enough. In this study, the mechanism and potential key pathways of AEE on improving hyperlipidemia in mice were investigated through the transcriptome and proteome study of ApoE-/- mice liver and the verification study on high-fat HepG2 cells. The results showed that AEE significantly decreased the serum TC and LDL-C levels of hyperlipidemia ApoE-/- mice, and significantly increased the enzyme activity of CYP7A1. After AEE intervention, the results of mice liver transcriptome and proteome showed that differential genes and proteins were enriched in lipid metabolism-related pathways. The results of RT-qPCR showed that AEE significantly regulated the expression of genes related to lipid metabolism in mice liver tissue. AEE significantly upregulated the protein expression of CYP7A1 in hyperlipidemia ApoE-/- mice liver tissue. The results in vitro showed that AEE significantly decreased the levels of TC and TG, and improved lipid deposition in high-fat HepG2 cells. AEE significantly increased the expression of CYP7A1 protein in high-fat HepG2 cells. AEE regulates the expression of genes related to lipid metabolism in high-fat HepG2 cells, mainly by FXR-SHP-CYP7A1 and FGF19-TFEB-CYP7A1 pathways. To sum up, AEE can significantly improve the hyperlipidemia status of ApoE-/- mice and the lipid deposition of high-fat HepG2 cells, and its main pathway is probably the bile acid metabolism-related pathway centered on CYP7A1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Rong Lu
- Key Lab of New Animal Drug of Gansu Province,Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, PR China
| | - Qi Tao
- Key Lab of New Animal Drug of Gansu Province,Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, PR China
| | - Zhe Qin
- Key Lab of New Animal Drug of Gansu Province,Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, PR China
| | - Xi-Wang Liu
- Key Lab of New Animal Drug of Gansu Province,Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, PR China
| | - Shi-Hong Li
- Key Lab of New Animal Drug of Gansu Province,Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, PR China
| | - Li-Xia Bai
- Key Lab of New Animal Drug of Gansu Province,Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, PR China
| | - Wen-Bo Ge
- Key Lab of New Animal Drug of Gansu Province,Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, PR China
| | - Ya-Xian Liu
- Key Lab of New Animal Drug of Gansu Province,Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, PR China
| | - Jian-Yong Li
- Key Lab of New Animal Drug of Gansu Province,Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, PR China.
| | - Ya-Jun Yang
- Key Lab of New Animal Drug of Gansu Province,Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, PR China.
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50
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Wen Y, Zhang T, Zhang B, Wang F, Wei X, Wei Y, Ma X, Tang X. Comprehensive bibliometric and visualized analysis of research on gut-liver axis published from 1998 to 2022. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27819. [PMID: 38496853 PMCID: PMC10944270 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The concept of the gut-liver axis was proposed by Marshall in 1998, and since then, this hypothesis has been gradually accepted by the academic community. Many publications have been published on the gut-liver axis, making it important to assess the scientific implications of these studies and the trends in this field. Methods Publications were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection. Microsoft Excel, CiteSpace, VOSviewer, and Scimago Graphica software were used for bibliometric analysis. Results A total of 776 publications from the Web of Science core database were included in this study. In the past 25 years, the number of publications on the gut-liver axis has shown an upward trend, particularly in the past 3 years (2020-2022). China had the highest number of publications (267 articles, 34.4%). However, the United States was at the top regarding influence and international cooperation in this field. The University of California San Diego had contributed the most publications. Suk, Ki Tae and Schnabl, Bernd were tied for the first rank in most publications. Thematic hotspots and frontiers were focused on gut microbiota, microbial metabolite, intestinal permeability, bacterial translocation, bile acid, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, and alcoholic liver disease. Conclusion Our study is the first bibliometric analysis of literature using visualization software to present the current research status of the gut-liver axis over the past 25 years. The damage and repair of intestinal barrier function, as well as the disruption of gut microbiota and host metabolism, should be a focus of attention. This study can provide a reference for later researchers to understand the global research trends, hotspots, and frontiers in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongtian Wen
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tai Zhang
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Beihua Zhang
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fengyun Wang
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuxiu Wei
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuchen Wei
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangxue Ma
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xudong Tang
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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