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Baglione H, Coulombe V, Martel-Sauvageau V, Monetta L. The impacts of aging on the comprehension of affective prosody: A systematic review. APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY. ADULT 2023:1-16. [PMID: 37603689 DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2023.2245940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Recent clinical reports have suggested a possible decline in the ability to understand emotions in speech (affective prosody comprehension) with aging. The present study aims to further examine the differences in performance between older and younger adults in terms of affective prosody comprehension. Following a recent cognitive model dividing affective prosody comprehension into perceptual and lexico-semantic components, a cognitive approach targeting these components was adopted. The influence of emotions' valence and category on aging performance was also investigated. A systematic review of the literature was carried out using six databases. Twenty-one articles, presenting 25 experiments, were included. All experiments analyzed affective prosody comprehension performance of older versus younger adults. The results confirmed that older adults' performance in identifying emotions in speech was reduced compared to younger adults. The results also brought out the fact that affective prosody comprehension abilities could be modulated by the emotion category but not by the emotional valence. Various theories account for this difference in performance, namely auditory perception, brain aging, and socioemotional selectivity theory suggesting that older people tend to neglect negative emotions. However, the explanation of the underlying deficits of the affective prosody decline is still limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héloïse Baglione
- Département de réadaptation, Université Laval, Québec City, Quebec, Canada
- Département de readaptation, Centre interdisciplinaire de recherche en réadaptation et intégration sociale (CIRRIS), Québec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Valérie Coulombe
- Département de réadaptation, Université Laval, Québec City, Quebec, Canada
- Département de readaptation, Centre interdisciplinaire de recherche en réadaptation et intégration sociale (CIRRIS), Québec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Vincent Martel-Sauvageau
- Département de réadaptation, Université Laval, Québec City, Quebec, Canada
- Département de readaptation, Centre interdisciplinaire de recherche en réadaptation et intégration sociale (CIRRIS), Québec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Laura Monetta
- Département de réadaptation, Université Laval, Québec City, Quebec, Canada
- Département de readaptation, Centre interdisciplinaire de recherche en réadaptation et intégration sociale (CIRRIS), Québec City, Quebec, Canada
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Maltezou-Papastylianou C, Russo R, Wallace D, Harmsworth C, Paulmann S. Different stages of emotional prosody processing in healthy ageing–evidence from behavioural responses, ERPs, tDCS, and tRNS. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0270934. [PMID: 35862317 PMCID: PMC9302842 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Past research suggests that the ability to recognise the emotional intent of a speaker decreases as a function of age. Yet, few studies have looked at the underlying cause for this effect in a systematic way. This paper builds on the view that emotional prosody perception is a multi-stage process and explores which step of the recognition processing line is impaired in healthy ageing using time-sensitive event-related brain potentials (ERPs). Results suggest that early processes linked to salience detection as reflected in the P200 component and initial build-up of emotional representation as linked to a subsequent negative ERP component are largely unaffected in healthy ageing. The two groups show, however, emotional prosody recognition differences: older participants recognise emotional intentions of speakers less well than younger participants do. These findings were followed up by two neuro-stimulation studies specifically targeting the inferior frontal cortex to test if recognition improves during active stimulation relative to sham. Overall, results suggests that neither tDCS nor high-frequency tRNS stimulation at 2mA for 30 minutes facilitates emotional prosody recognition rates in healthy older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Riccardo Russo
- Department of Psychology and Centre for Brain Science, University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom
- Department of Brain and Behavioural Sciences, Universita’ di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Denise Wallace
- Department of Psychology and Centre for Brain Science, University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom
| | - Chelsea Harmsworth
- Department of Psychology and Centre for Brain Science, University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom
| | - Silke Paulmann
- Department of Psychology and Centre for Brain Science, University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Tang F, Li K, Jang H, Rauktis MB. Depressive symptoms in the context of Chinese grandparents caring for grandchildren. Aging Ment Health 2022; 26:1120-1126. [PMID: 33843385 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2021.1910788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study examined the longitudinal association of depressive symptoms with grandchild care intensity and whether the association varies by household structure, residential area, and gender for Chinese grandparents. METHODS Using data from three waves of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS, 2011-2015), we applied multilevel mixed effects models to examine changes in depressive symptoms and the associations with caregiving intensity and to test the moderation effects of residence, living arrangement, and gender. RESULTS After controlling for sociodemographic and health covariates, we found that providing a medium level of grandchild care was associated with fewer baseline depressive symptoms compared with non-caregivers. Providing low-level care among those living with spouse/partner and among those living with child(ren)/others was associated with fewer depressive symptoms relative to non-caregivers with similar living arrangements. CONCLUSION Findings indicate that a medium level of involvement in childcare was associated with better mental wellness and low levels of caregiving may benefit nonresidential caregivers. More prospective longitudinal studies are needed to improve the operationalization of grandparent caregiving, validate the associated health outcomes, and apply a contextual approach to examine socioeconomic, cultural, and policy-related contexts of caregiving in the changing world of China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengyan Tang
- School of Social Work, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ke Li
- School of Social Work, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Heejung Jang
- Population Studies Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Mary Beth Rauktis
- School of Social Work, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Fountoulakis KN, Gonda X. Sex differences in maturation and aging of human personality on the basis of a recently developed complex hierarchical model of temperament and character. Int J Psychiatry Clin Pract 2022; 26:58-71. [PMID: 32838608 DOI: 10.1080/13651501.2020.1804941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The current study aimed to determine the changes in psychological function that come with age. The basis to assess psychological function was a hierarchical model of temperament, personality and character, previously developed by the authors. METHODS 734 general population subjects completed the TEMPS-A, the TCI and the NEO-PI-3. Data were analysed with ANCOVA models. RESULTS The top superfactors showed no age change, however, age-related changes were identified in the higher and lower modules. There was a pattern of differences between the two genders in all levels of the model. CONCLUSIONS While there is stability with the two top factors of personality, there are age-related changes in lower-level modules probably indicating maturation, adaptation or changes in orientation through the adult life span. Gender differences in all levels including the two top superfactors, higher and lower modules reflect and explain differences in multiple aspects of internal experience, interaction and behaviour in the two genders. The results are clinically essential for incorporating age and gender-related differences of experience and behaviour in understanding temperamental implications in affective disorders also impacting their clinical course and management.Key PointsBased on the complex hierarchical temperament model four stages of maturation of human psychological function can be postulated.There is a very specific trait core of human mental function, which differs between genders and seems to be responsible for the longitudinal stability of the person's internal experience with the passing of the years.The findings are clinically essential for incorporating age and gender-related differences of experience and behaviour in understanding temperamental implications in affective disorders also impacting their clinical course and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos N Fountoulakis
- 3rd Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Xenia Gonda
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,MTA-SE Neuropsychopharmacology and Neurochemistry Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,NAP-A-SE New Antidepressant Target Research Group, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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Kalia V, Knauft KM, Smith AR. Differential Associations between Strategies of Emotion Regulation and Facets of Grit in College Students and Adults. The Journal of Genetic Psychology 2021; 183:122-135. [PMID: 34915829 DOI: 10.1080/00221325.2021.2013156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
According to socioemotional selectivity theory, motivation influences emotion regulation. Grit is a motivation orientation defined by the passionate pursuit of long-term goals. We conducted two studies to determine the relation between facets of grit and two emotion regulation strategies: cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression. In Study 1, we examined the relation between these variables in college students (20-24 year olds), and Study 2 focused on community adults (25-72 year olds). Facets of grit were assessed using the Short Grit Scale and habitual use of emotion regulation strategies was assessed using the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire. We combined data from both studies and conducted regression analyses to examine the role of each facet of grit, participant's age, and the interaction between age and facets of grit in the habitual use of either reappraisal or suppression as strategies to regulate emotions. The regression analyses revealed that both facets of grit were positively associated with reappraisal regardless of age. However, the facets of grit differed in their associations with expressive suppression. Grit-Consistency was negatively associated with expressive suppression, regardless of age. But, a significant interaction effect with participant's age emerged for Grit-Perseverance. Specifically, Grit-Perseverance was positively associated with expressive suppression only in individuals below the age of 31. Overall, the data suggest that the relations between facets of grit and habitual use of emotion regulation strategy may vary with age. Additionally, our work indicates adults with high levels of grit may experience healthy emotional functioning, particularly later in adulthood.
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Martínez-Soldevila J, Pastells-Peiró R, Climent-Sanz C, Piñol-Ripoll G, Rocaspana-García M, Gea-Sánchez M. Effectiveness of technology-based interventions in detection, prevention, monitoring and treatment of patients at risk or diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment: protocol for a systematic review. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e045978. [PMID: 34408030 PMCID: PMC8375758 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-045978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The gradual changes over the decades in the longevity and ageing of European society as a whole can be directly related to the prolonged decline in the birth rate and increase in the life expectancy. According to the WHO, there is an increased risk of dementia or other cognitive disorders as the population ages, which have a major impact on public health. Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is described as a greater than expected cognitive decline for an individual's age and level of education, but that does not significantly interfere with activities of daily living. Patients with MCI exhibit a higher risk of dementia compared with others in the same age group, but without a cognitive decline, have impaired walking and a 50% greater risk of falling.The urban lifestyle and advent of smartphones, mobility and immediate access to all information via the internet, including health information, has led to a totally disruptive change in most general aspects.This systematic review protocol is aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of technology-based interventions in the detection, prevention, monitoring and treatment of patients at risk or diagnosed with MCI. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This review protocol follows the recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols reporting guidelines. The search will be performed on MEDLINE (PubMed), CENTRAL, CINAHL Plus, ISI Web of Science and Scopus databases from 2010 to 2020. Studies of interventions either randomised clinical trials or pre-post non-randomised quasi-experimental designs, published in English and Spanish will be included. Articles that provide relevant information on the use of technology and its effectiveness in interventions that assess improvements in early detection, prevention, follow-up and treatment of the patients at risk or diagnosed with MCI will be included. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethics committee approval not required. The results will be disseminated in publications and congresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Martínez-Soldevila
- Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, University of Lleida, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
- Health Care Research Group (GRECS), Lleida Institute for Biomedical Research Dr. Pifarré Foundation, IRBLLEIDA, Lleida, 25198, Catalonia, Spain
- Grup d'Estudis Societat, Salut, Educació i Cultura (GESEC), Universitat de Lleida, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Roland Pastells-Peiró
- Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, University of Lleida, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
- Health Care Research Group (GRECS), Lleida Institute for Biomedical Research Dr. Pifarré Foundation, IRBLLEIDA, Lleida, 25198, Catalonia, Spain
- Grup d'Estudis Societat, Salut, Educació i Cultura (GESEC), Universitat de Lleida, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Carolina Climent-Sanz
- Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, University of Lleida, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
- Health Care Research Group (GRECS), Lleida Institute for Biomedical Research Dr. Pifarré Foundation, IRBLLEIDA, Lleida, 25198, Catalonia, Spain
- Grup d'Estudis Societat, Salut, Educació i Cultura (GESEC), Universitat de Lleida, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Gerard Piñol-Ripoll
- Cognitive Disorders Unit, Clinical Neuroscience Research, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida Fundació Doctor Pifarré, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Mariona Rocaspana-García
- Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, University of Lleida, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
- Health Care Research Group (GRECS), Lleida Institute for Biomedical Research Dr. Pifarré Foundation, IRBLLEIDA, Lleida, 25198, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Montserrat Gea-Sánchez
- Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, University of Lleida, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
- Health Care Research Group (GRECS), Lleida Institute for Biomedical Research Dr. Pifarré Foundation, IRBLLEIDA, Lleida, 25198, Catalonia, Spain
- Grup d'Estudis Societat, Salut, Educació i Cultura (GESEC), Universitat de Lleida, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
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Boumans J, Scheffelaar A, van Druten VP, Hendriksen THG, Nahar-van Venrooij LMW, Rozema AD. Coping Strategies Used by Older Adults to Deal with Contact Isolation in the Hospital during the COVID-19 Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18147317. [PMID: 34299774 PMCID: PMC8304333 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18147317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, many older adults have experienced contact isolation in a hospital setting which leads to separation from relatives, loss of freedom, and uncertainty regarding disease status. The objective of this study was to explore how older adults (55+) cope with contact isolation in a hospital setting during the COVID-19 pandemic in order to improve their physical and psychological wellbeing. The realist evaluation approach was used to formulate initial program theories on coping strategies used by (older) adults in an isolation setting. Twenty-one semi-structured interviews with older patients (n = 21) were analysed. This study revealed that both emotion-focused coping strategies as well as problem-focused coping strategies were used by older adults during contact isolation. The study also uncovered some new specific coping strategies. The results have useful implications for hospital staff seeking to improve the wellbeing of older adults in contact isolation in hospitals. Problem-focused coping strategies could be stimulated through staff performing care in a person-centred way. Trust in staff, as part of emotion-focused coping strategies, could be stimulated by improving the relationship between patients and staff.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jogé Boumans
- Tranzo, Tilburg School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Tilburg University, 5037 AB Tilburg, The Netherlands; (A.S.); (V.P.v.D.); (A.D.R.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Aukelien Scheffelaar
- Tranzo, Tilburg School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Tilburg University, 5037 AB Tilburg, The Netherlands; (A.S.); (V.P.v.D.); (A.D.R.)
| | - Vera P. van Druten
- Tranzo, Tilburg School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Tilburg University, 5037 AB Tilburg, The Netherlands; (A.S.); (V.P.v.D.); (A.D.R.)
- Jeroen Bosch Academy Research, Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 5223 GZ ‘s-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands; (T.H.G.H.); (L.M.W.N.-v.V.)
| | - Tessel H. G. Hendriksen
- Jeroen Bosch Academy Research, Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 5223 GZ ‘s-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands; (T.H.G.H.); (L.M.W.N.-v.V.)
| | - Lenny M. W. Nahar-van Venrooij
- Jeroen Bosch Academy Research, Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 5223 GZ ‘s-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands; (T.H.G.H.); (L.M.W.N.-v.V.)
| | - Andrea D. Rozema
- Tranzo, Tilburg School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Tilburg University, 5037 AB Tilburg, The Netherlands; (A.S.); (V.P.v.D.); (A.D.R.)
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Stone AA, Broderick JE, Wang D, Schneider S. Age patterns in subjective well-being are partially accounted for by psychological and social factors associated with aging. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0242664. [PMID: 33264331 PMCID: PMC7710094 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Subjective well-being has captured the interest of scientists and policy-makers as a way of knowing how individuals and groups evaluate and experience their lives: that is, their sense of meaning, their satisfaction with life, and their everyday moods. One of the more striking findings in this literature is a strong association between age and subjective well-being: in Western countries it has a U-shaped association over the lifespan. Despite many efforts, the reason for the curve is largely unexplained, for example, by traditional demographic variables. In this study we examined twelve social and psychological variables that could account for the U-shaped curve. In an Internet sample of 3,294 adults ranging in age from 40 to 69 we observed the expected steep increase in a measure of subjective well-being, the Cantril Ladder. Regression analyses demonstrated that the social-psychological variables explained about two-thirds of the curve and accounting for them significantly flattened the U-shape. Perceived stress, distress-depression, an open perspective about the future, wisdom, satisfaction with social relationships, and family strain were measures that had pronounced impacts on reducing the curve. These findings advance our understanding of why subjective well-being is associated with age and point the way to future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur A. Stone
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Dornsife Center for Self-Report Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Joan E. Broderick
- Dornsife Center for Self-Report Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Diana Wang
- Dornsife Center for Self-Report Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Stefan Schneider
- Dornsife Center for Self-Report Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
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Fernández D, Ros L, Sánchez-Reolid R, Ricarte JJ, Latorre JM. Effectiveness of the level of personal relevance of visual autobiographical stimuli in the induction of positive emotions in young and older adults: pilot study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2020; 21:663. [PMID: 32690050 PMCID: PMC7370414 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-020-04596-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ability to retrieve specific memories is a cognitive and emotional protective factor. Among the most effective techniques to generate autobiographical memories is the use of audio-visual stimuli, particularly images. Developing and improving techniques that facilitate the generation of such memories could be highly effective in the prevention of depressive symptoms, especially in the elderly population. The aim of the present study is to examine how the level of personal relevance of pictures as autobiographical memory cues to induce positive emotions may affect an individual's emotion regulation. METHODS The participants, 120 older adults aged 65 and over and 120 young adults aged between 18 and 35, of both sexes and without depressive symptoms, will be induced to a negative mood state by means of viewing a film clip. Following the negative mood induction, the participants will be shown positive images according to experimental group to which they were randomly assigned (high personal relevance: personal autobiographical photographs; medium personal relevance: pictures of favourite locations associated with specific positive autobiographical memories; and low personal relevance: positive images from the International Affective Picture System). We will analyse the differences in subjective (responses to questionnaires) and objectives measures (EEG signal, heart rate variability and electrodermal activity) between the groups before and after the induction of negative affect and following the recall of positive memories. DISCUSSION The use of images associated with specific positive autobiographical memories may be an effective input for inducing positive mood states, which has potentially important implications for their use as a cognitive behavioural technique to treat emotional disorders, such as depression, which are highly prevalent among older adults. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04251104 . Registered on 30 January 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dolores Fernández
- Department of Psychology, University of Castilla La Mancha, 02006, Albacete, Spain
| | - Laura Ros
- Department of Psychology, University of Castilla La Mancha, 02006, Albacete, Spain.
| | - Roberto Sánchez-Reolid
- Computer Research Institute, University of Castilla La Mancha, 02071, Albacete, Spain.,IT Systems Department, University of Castilla La Mancha, 02071, Albacete, Spain
| | - Jorge Javier Ricarte
- Department of Psychology, University of Castilla La Mancha, 02006, Albacete, Spain
| | - José Miguel Latorre
- Department of Psychology, University of Castilla La Mancha, 02006, Albacete, Spain
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Löckenhoff CE. Leveraging the Common Model to Inform the Research Agenda on Aging and Wisdom. PSYCHOLOGICAL INQUIRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/1047840x.2020.1750923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Corinna E. Löckenhoff
- Department of Human Development, Cornell University/Weill Cornell Medicine, Ithaca, New York
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11
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Grossmann I, Weststrate NM, Ardelt M, Brienza JP, Dong M, Ferrari M, Fournier MA, Hu CS, Nusbaum HC, Vervaeke J. The Science of Wisdom in a Polarized World: Knowns and Unknowns. PSYCHOLOGICAL INQUIRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/1047840x.2020.1750917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Igor Grossmann
- Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
| | - Nic M. Weststrate
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Monika Ardelt
- Department of Sociology and Criminology & Law, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Justin P. Brienza
- UQ Business School, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Mengxi Dong
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Canada
| | - Michel Ferrari
- Department of Applied Psychology and Human Development, Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Marc A. Fournier
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Canada
| | - Chao S. Hu
- Art Therapy Psychological Research Centre, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Howard C. Nusbaum
- Department of Psychology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - John Vervaeke
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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12
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Groarke JM, Hogan MJ. Listening to self-chosen music regulates induced negative affect for both younger and older adults. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0218017. [PMID: 31170224 PMCID: PMC6553776 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study evaluated the efficacy of self-chosen music listening for the function of affect regulation comparing effects in younger and older adults. Forty younger (18-30 years, M = 19.75, SD = 2.57, 14 males) and forty older (60-81 years, M = 68.48, SD = 6.07, 21 males) adults visited the laboratory and were randomised to either the intervention (10 minutes of listening to self-chosen music) or the active control condition (10 minutes of listening to an experimenter-chosen radio documentary). Negative affect (NA) was induced in all participants using a speech preparation and mental arithmetic task, followed by the intervention/control condition. Measures of self-reported affect were taken at baseline, post-induction and post-intervention. Controlling for baseline affect and reactivity to the NA induction, in comparison with the active control group the music listening group demonstrated greater reduction in NA. Supporting developmental theories of positive ageing, analyses also found significant main effects for age, with older adults experiencing greater reduction of NA than younger adults, regardless of condition. Results of the current study provide preliminary insights into the effects of self-chosen music on induced NA, however, additional experimental control conditions comparing self-chosen and experimenter-chosen music with self-chosen and experimenter-chosen active controls are needed to fully understand music listening effects for affect regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny M. Groarke
- School of Psychology, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Michael J. Hogan
- School of Psychology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Galway, Ireland
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Rosati AG, Arre AM, Platt ML, Santos LR. Developmental shifts in social cognition: socio-emotional biases across the lifespan in rhesus monkeys. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-018-2573-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Abstract
Trait stability and maturation are fundamental principles of contemporary personality psychology and have been shown to hold across many cultures. However, it has proven difficult to move beyond these general findings to a detailed account of trait development. There are pervasive and unexplained inconsistencies across studies that may be due to ( a) insufficient attention to measurement error, ( b) subtle but age-sensitive differences in alternative measures of the same trait, or ( c) different perspectives reflected in self-reports and observer ratings. Multiscale, multimethod-and ideally multinational-studies are needed. Several hypotheses have been proposed to account for trait stability and change, but supporting evidence is currently weak or indirect; trait development is a fertile if sometimes frustrating field for theory and research. Beyond traits, there are approaches to personality development that are of interest to students of adult development, and these may be fruitfully addressed from a trait perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul T Costa
- Behavioral Medicine Research Center and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA;
| | | | - Corinna E Löckenhoff
- Department of Human Development, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, USA;
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Kugbey N, Nortu TA, Akpalu B, Ayanore MA, Zotor FB. Prevalence of geriatric depression in a community sample in Ghana: Analysis of associated risk and protective factors. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2018; 78:171-176. [PMID: 29981963 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2018.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ageing comes with its own associated physical and psychosocial challenges. Depression is reported as one of the most prevalent psychopathology found among elderly people. However, there is dearth of literature in Ghana regarding mental health and its associated risk and protective factors among Ghanaians who are aged 65years and above. This study examined the prevalence and factors associated with depression among the aged in Ghana. METHODS A cross-sectional survey design was employed and a total of 262 elderly people (65+years) were sampled. The Geriatric Depression Scale, Brief COPE and demographic questionnaires were administered to the participants. RESULTS There was 37.8% prevalence of depression among the participants. Socio-demographic characteristics such as religion, living status and presence of chronic illness independently predicted depression among the participants. The use of religion, acceptance and active coping were the most commonly reported coping strategies among the participants while denial, behavioural disengagement and substance use were the least used coping strategies among the participants. The use of active coping predicted decreased depression levels whereas the use of behavioural disengagement and self-blame significantly predicted increased depression levels among the participants. CONCLUSIONS Depression is a major challenge among the aged in this study and therefore, mental health screening should form part of the routine health screening practices for the elderly. The findings call for interventions aimed at promoting healthy ageing among the elderly in Ghana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuworza Kugbey
- Department of Family and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Hohoe Campus, Volta Region, Ghana; Discipline of Psychology, School of Applied Human Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
| | - Theodore Atsu Nortu
- Department of Family and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Hohoe Campus, Volta Region, Ghana
| | - Bright Akpalu
- Department of Family and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Hohoe Campus, Volta Region, Ghana; School of Nursing and Public Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Martin Amogre Ayanore
- Department of Family and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Hohoe Campus, Volta Region, Ghana
| | - Francis Bruno Zotor
- Department of Family and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Hohoe Campus, Volta Region, Ghana
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Abstract
ABSTRACTThis study aims to assess racial differences in subjective wellbeing (SWB) and to examine whether the pathways of social support and social engagement to SWB vary by racial groups in the United States of America. Using a local sample (N = 1,035) and a nationally representative sample of the Health and Retirement Study (N = 7,718), we compared life satisfaction and happiness between non-Hispanic Whites and Blacks aged 55 and over. We evaluated the extent to which race, other socio-demographic characteristics, health, social engagement and social support explained the variances in SWB and examined the moderation effects of race on the relationships of SWB with age, social support and social engagement. Multiple regression analyses showed that non-Hispanic Blacks were at least as satisfied as, and even happier than White peers, after equalising social resources and health variables. Social support was significantly related to SWB, and it seemed that positive support was more important to Whites than to Blacks in predicting life satisfaction. In addition, the racial crossover effect existed, that is, the old-old (80+) Blacks were happier than their White peers. Findings indicate a national trend of the race paradox in SWB and underscore the importance of social support in promoting older adults’ wellbeing. Future research is recommended to investigate other potential mechanisms among Black older Americans to explain their relatively better SWB.
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Sorokowski P, Sorokowska A, Frackowiak T, Löckenhoff CE. Aging Perceptions in Tsimane' Amazonian Forager-Farmers Compared With Two Industrialized Societies. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2017; 72:561-570. [PMID: 26329116 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbv080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Cross-cultural studies suggest that aging attitudes show some variation across societies, but this evidence is mostly drawn from industrialized settings. The limited research record on pre-industrial societies is largely qualitative in nature. The present study targeted this gap by adapting an existing multidimensional measure of aging attitudes for use in traditional populations and administering it to samples from one traditional society and two industrialized societies. Method We administered the adapted multidimensional measure of aging attitudes to samples from one traditional society (Tsimane' Amazonian forager-farmers in Bolivia, n = 90) and two industrialized societies (the United States, n = 91, and Poland, n = 100). Results Across societies, aging perceptions were more favorable for respect and wisdom than for other domains of functioning, and women were perceived to be aging less favorably. Further, the Tsimane' reported more positive aging perceptions than the U.S. and Polish samples, especially with regard to memory functioning. Within the Tsimane' sample, there was no evidence of an influence of acculturation on aging perceptions. Discussion The present study contributed to our understanding of cross-cultural differences in aging attitudes. Theoretical implications and directions for future research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Agnieszka Sorokowska
- Institute of Psychology, University of Wroclaw, Poland.,Smell and Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
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Laureiro-Martinez D, Trujillo CA, Unda J. Time Perspective and Age: A Review of Age Associated Differences. Front Psychol 2017; 8:101. [PMID: 28261119 PMCID: PMC5313535 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigate the relationship between age and the five dimensions of time perspective measured by the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (ZTPI) (past negative, past positive, present hedonistic, present fatalistic, and future). Time perspective is related to well-being, decision-making, level of development, and many other psychological issues. Hence, the existence of a systematic relationship between time perspective and age should be considered in all studies for which time is a relevant variable. However, no specific research about this has been conducted. We collected 407 papers that referenced the ZTPI between 2001 and 2015. From those, 72 studies met our inclusion criteria. They included 29,815 participants from 19 countries whose age spans most phases of adulthood (from 13.5 to 75.5 years, mean 28.7). We analyzed these studies adapting meta-analytical techniques. We found that present hedonistic and past negative dimensions are negatively related to aging with partial eta squared effect sizes of roughly 0.15. Our results have implications for the design of studies related to time as our findings highlight the importance of taking into account the differences associated with age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniella Laureiro-Martinez
- Department of Management, Technology and Economics, ETH ZurichZurich, Switzerland; School of Management, Universidad de los AndesBogota, Colombia
| | | | - Juliana Unda
- School of Management, Universidad de los Andes Bogota, Colombia
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Structural and functional social network attributes moderate the association of self-rated health with mental health in midlife and older adults. Int Psychogeriatr 2016. [PMID: 26205193 DOI: 10.1017/s1041610215001143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social relationships are multifaceted, and different social network components can operate via different processes to influence well-being. This study examined associations of social network structure and relationship quality (positive and negative social exchanges) with mental health in midlife and older adults. The focus was on both direct associations of network structure and relationship quality with mental health, and whether these social network attributes moderated the association of self-rated health (SRH) with mental health. METHODS Analyses were based on survey data provided by 2001 (Mean age = 65, SD = 8.07) midlife and older adults. We used Latent Class Analysis (LCA) to classify participants into network types based on network structure (partner status, network size, contact frequency, and activity engagement), and used continuous measures of positive and negative social exchanges to operationalize relationship quality. Regression analysis was used to test moderation. RESULTS LCA revealed network types generally consistent with those reported in previous studies. Participants in more diverse networks reported better mental health than those categorized into a restricted network type after adjustment for age, sex, education, and employment status. Analysis of moderation indicated that those with poorer SRH were less likely to report poorer mental health if they were classified into more diverse networks. A similar moderation effect was also evident for positive exchanges. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that both quantity and quality of social relationships can play a role in buffering against the negative implications of physical health decline for mental health.
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20
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Kruse A, Schmitt E. Shared Responsibility and Civic Engagement in Very Old Age. RESEARCH IN HUMAN DEVELOPMENT 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/15427609.2015.1010353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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21
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this research was to compare associations of self-perceived successful aging (SPSA) among Young-Old (Y-O; age 50-74 years) versus Old-Old (O-O; 75-99 years) community-dwelling adults. To our knowledge, this is the first study to compare respondents' self-perceptions of successful aging among O-O relative to Y-O adults. METHODS Participants included 365 Y-O and 641 O-O adults. The two age groups were compared in terms of the association of SPSA with other preselected measures including sociodemographic information, physical and mental functioning, objective and subjective cognitive functioning, emotional health, and positive psychological constructs. RESULTS The O-O group reported higher levels of SPSA than the Y-O group. In multiple regression modeling examining predictors of SPSA in each group, there was a tendency toward lower associations in the O-O group overall. Most notably, the associations between physical and mental functioning with SPSA were significantly lower in the O-O versus Y-O group. There were no associations with SPSA that were significantly higher in the O-O versus Y-O group. CONCLUSION The lower predictive power of physical and mental functioning on SPSA among O-O relative to Y-O adults is particularly noteworthy. It is apparent that SPSA is a multidimensional construct that cannot be defined by physical functioning alone. Continuing to clarify the underlying factors impacting SPSA between groups may inform tailored interventions to promote successful aging in Y-O and O-O adults.
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Ecological knowledge, leadership, and the evolution of menopause in killer whales. Curr Biol 2015; 25:746-750. [PMID: 25754636 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2015.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Revised: 01/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Classic life-history theory predicts that menopause should not occur because there should be no selection for survival after the cessation of reproduction [1]. Yet, human females routinely live 30 years after they have stopped reproducing [2]. Only two other species-killer whales (Orcinus orca) and short-finned pilot whales (Globicephala macrorhynchus) [3, 4]-have comparable postreproductive lifespans. In theory, menopause can evolve via inclusive fitness benefits [5, 6], but the mechanisms by which postreproductive females help their kin remain enigmatic. One hypothesis is that postreproductive females act as repositories of ecological knowledge and thereby buffer kin against environmental hardships [7, 8]. We provide the first test of this hypothesis using a unique long-term dataset on wild resident killer whales. We show three key results. First, postreproductively aged females lead groups during collective movement in salmon foraging grounds. Second, leadership by postreproductively aged females is especially prominent in difficult years when salmon abundance is low. This finding is critical because salmon abundance drives both mortality and reproductive success in resident killer whales [9, 10]. Third, females are more likely to lead their sons than they are to lead their daughters, supporting predictions of recent models [5] of the evolution of menopause based on kinship dynamics. Our results show that postreproductive females may boost the fitness of kin through the transfer of ecological knowledge. The value gained from the wisdom of elders can help explain why female resident killer whales and humans continue to live long after they have stopped reproducing.
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Windsor TD, Gerstorf D, Luszcz MA. Social resource correlates of levels and time-to-death-related changes in late-life affect. Psychol Aging 2015; 30:136-48. [PMID: 25621743 DOI: 10.1037/a0038757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Little is known regarding how well psychosocial resources that promote well-being continue to correlate with affect into very late life. We examined social resource correlates of levels and time-to-death related changes in affect balance (an index of affective positivity) over 19 years among 1,297 by now deceased participants (aged 69 to 103 at first assessment, M = 80 years; 36% women) from the Australian Longitudinal Study of Aging. A steeper decline in affect balance was evident over a time-to-death metric compared with chronological age. Separating time-varying social resource predictors into between- and within-person components revealed several associations with level of affect balance, controlling for age at death, gender, functional disability, and global cognition. Between-person associations revealed that individuals who were more satisfied with family, and more socially active, expressed greater positivity compared with those who were less satisfied, and less socially active. Within-person associations indicated that participants reported higher positivity on occasions when they were more socially active. In addition, lower affect balance was associated with more frequent contact with children. Our results suggest that social engagement and satisfying relationships confer benefits for affective well-being that are retained into late life. However, our findings do not provide evidence to indicate that social resources protect against terminal decline in well-being.
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Hoogland AI. Continuity of change: The dynamic of beliefs, values, and the aging experience. J Aging Stud 2015; 32:32-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaging.2014.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Revised: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Diener E, Kanazawa S, Suh EM, Oishi S. Why People Are in a Generally Good Mood. PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY REVIEW 2014; 19:235-56. [PMID: 25253069 DOI: 10.1177/1088868314544467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Evidence shows that people feel mild positive moods when no strong emotional events are occurring, a phenomenon known as positive mood offset. We offer an evolutionary explanation of this characteristic, showing that it improves fertility, fecundity, and health, and abets other characteristics that were critical to reproductive success. We review research showing that positive mood offset is virtually universal in the nations of the world, even among people who live in extremely difficult circumstances. Positive moods increase the likelihood of the types of adaptive behaviors that likely characterized our Paleolithic ancestors, such as creativity, planning, mating, and sociality. Because of the ubiquity and apparent advantages of positive moods, it is a reasonable hypothesis that humans were selected for positivity offset in our evolutionary past. We outline additional evidence that is needed to help confirm that positive mood offset is an evolutionary adaptation in humans and we explore the research questions that the hypothesis generates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ed Diener
- The Gallup Organization, Omaha, NE, USA University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA
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26
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Khan AR, Tahir I. Influence of Social Factors to the Quality of Life of the Elderly in Malaysia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.2174/1874220301401010029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Introduction and Aim:
The increase in the life expectancy does not necessarily correlate with a higher quality of life. The objective of this study was to determine the influences of social factors to the quality of life of the elderly in Malaysia.
Methodology:
This cross sectional study was conducted in Penang, Malaysia among 2005 randomly sampled elderly using the WHOQOL-BREF scale. The sample was randomly collected from a list of residents of the state who are aged 60 years and older who receive the special aid provided by the Penang state government to all elderly residing in Penang irrespective of their socio and economic status.
Results:
Regression analysis showed that after controlling for demographic factors which include age, sex, race, marital status, education and employment; living with spouse and family members and being socially active were significantly associated with increased quality of life scores and being dependent on partner and children as compared to being selfdependent on mobility and having poor and moderate support as compared to good social support were significantly associated with decreased quality of life scores.
Conclusion:
The quality of life of the elderly is very much influenced by social factors.
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Frost J, Vermeulen IE, Beekers N. Anonymity versus privacy: selective information sharing in online cancer communities. J Med Internet Res 2014; 16:e126. [PMID: 24828114 PMCID: PMC4051744 DOI: 10.2196/jmir.2684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Revised: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Active sharing in online cancer communities benefits patients. However, many patients refrain from sharing health information online due to privacy concerns. Existing research on privacy emphasizes data security and confidentiality, largely focusing on electronic medical records. Patient preferences around information sharing in online communities remain poorly understood. Consistent with the privacy calculus perspective adopted from e-commerce research, we suggest that patients approach online information sharing instrumentally, weighing privacy costs against participation benefits when deciding whether to share certain information. Consequently, we argue that patients prefer sharing clinical information over daily life and identity information that potentially compromises anonymity. Furthermore, we explore whether patients’ prior experiences, age, health, and gender affect perceived privacy costs and thus willingness to share information. Objective The goal of the present study is to document patient preferences for sharing information within online health platforms. Methods A total of 115 cancer patients reported sharing intentions for 15 different types of information, demographics, health status, prior privacy experiences, expected community utility, and privacy concerns. Results Factor analysis on the 15 information types revealed 3 factors coinciding with 3 proposed information categories: clinical, daily life, and identity information. A within-subject ANOVA showed a strong preference for sharing clinical information compared to daily life and identity information (F1,114=135.59, P=.001, η2=.93). Also, adverse online privacy experiences, age, and health status negatively affected information-sharing intentions. Female patients shared information less willingly. Conclusions Respondents’ information-sharing intentions depend on dispositional and situational factors. Patients share medical details more willingly than daily life or identity information. The results suggest the need to focus on anonymity rather than privacy in online communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeana Frost
- VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
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28
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Fuge P, Grimm S, Weigand A, Fan Y, Gärtner M, Feeser M, Bajbouj M. Assessment of age-related changes in cognitive functions using EmoCogMeter, a novel tablet-computer based approach. J Vis Exp 2014:e50942. [PMID: 24561917 DOI: 10.3791/50942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The main goal of this study was to assess the usability of a tablet-computer-based application (EmoCogMeter) in investigating the effects of age on cognitive functions across the lifespan in a sample of 378 healthy subjects (age range 18-89 years). Consistent with previous findings we found an age-related cognitive decline across a wide range of neuropsychological domains (memory, attention, executive functions), thereby proving the usability of our tablet-based application. Regardless of prior computer experience, subjects of all age groups were able to perform the tasks without instruction or feedback from an experimenter. Increased motivation and compliance proved to be beneficial for task performance, thereby potentially increasing the validity of the results. Our promising findings underline the great clinical and practical potential of a tablet-based application for detection and monitoring of cognitive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Fuge
- Cluster of Excellence "Languages of Emotion", Freie Universität Berlin; Department of Psychiatry, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité Berlin
| | - Simone Grimm
- Cluster of Excellence "Languages of Emotion", Freie Universität Berlin; Department of Psychiatry, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité Berlin; Dahlem Institute for Neuroimaging of Emotion, Freie Universität Berlin; Clinic for Affective Disorders and General Psychiatry, Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich
| | - Anne Weigand
- Cluster of Excellence "Languages of Emotion", Freie Universität Berlin; Department of Psychiatry, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité Berlin; Dahlem Institute for Neuroimaging of Emotion, Freie Universität Berlin
| | - Yan Fan
- Cluster of Excellence "Languages of Emotion", Freie Universität Berlin; Dahlem Institute for Neuroimaging of Emotion, Freie Universität Berlin
| | - Matti Gärtner
- Cluster of Excellence "Languages of Emotion", Freie Universität Berlin; Dahlem Institute for Neuroimaging of Emotion, Freie Universität Berlin
| | - Melanie Feeser
- Cluster of Excellence "Languages of Emotion", Freie Universität Berlin; Dahlem Institute for Neuroimaging of Emotion, Freie Universität Berlin
| | - Malek Bajbouj
- Cluster of Excellence "Languages of Emotion", Freie Universität Berlin; Department of Psychiatry, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité Berlin; Dahlem Institute for Neuroimaging of Emotion, Freie Universität Berlin;
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Abstract
BACKGROUND As ageing is a personal experience, an attitude to ageing questionnaire is essential for capturing the most realistic appraisal of this important stage of life. Our aim was to study the psychometric properties of the Attitudes to Ageing Questionnaire (AAQ) in a sample of Spanish older people. METHODS A total of 242 participants aged 60 years and older were recruited from community centers, primary care centers, and family associations for the mentally ill and dementia. In addition to the AAQ, participants provided information on demographics, self-perception of health, comorbidity, health status (SF-12), depressive symptoms (GDS-30), and quality of life (WHOQOL-BREF and WHOQOL-OLD). Analysis was performed using standard psychometric techniques with SPSS v15.0. RESULTS No floor and ceiling effects were found, and missing data were low. The internal consistency measured by Cronbach's alpha for AAQ subscales were 0.59, 0.70, and 0.73. Exploratory Factor Analysis produced a three-factors solution accounting for 34% of the variance. A priori expected associations were found between some AAQ subscales with WHOQOL-BREF domains, with WHOQOL-OLD, SF-12, and the GDS-30 indicating good construct validity. In general, AAQ subscales differentiated between participants with lower and higher levels of education, and between a priori defined groups of older people (non-depressed vs. depressed; those with higher vs. lower physical comorbidities, and non-carers vs. carers). CONCLUSIONS The Spanish version of the AAQ questionnaire showed acceptable psychometric properties in a convenience sample of Spanish older people. It is a useful measure of attitude for use with older people in social and clinical services.
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Bearden CE, Karlsgodt KH, Bachman P, van Erp TGM, Winkler AM, Glahn DC. Genetic architecture of declarative memory: implications for complex illnesses. Neuroscientist 2012; 18:516-32. [PMID: 21832260 PMCID: PMC3545476 DOI: 10.1177/1073858411415113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Why do memory abilities vary so greatly across individuals and cognitive domains? Although memory functions are highly heritable, what exactly is being genetically transmitted? Here we review evidence for the contribution of both common and partially independent inheritance of distinct aspects of memory function. We begin by discussing the assessment of long-term memory and its underlying neural and molecular basis. We then consider evidence for both specialist and generalist genes underlying individual variability in memory, indicating that carving memory into distinct subcomponents may yield important information regarding its genetic architecture. And finally we review evidence from both complex and single-gene disorders, which provide insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying the genetic basis of human memory function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie E Bearden
- Departments of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences and Psychology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Consedine NS, Fiori KL, Magai C. Regulating emotion expression and regulating emotion experience: divergent associations with dimensions of attachment among older women. Attach Hum Dev 2012; 14:477-500. [DOI: 10.1080/14616734.2012.706433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Laidlaw K. Are Attitudes To Ageing and Wisdom Enhancement Legitimate Targets For CBT For Late Life Depression and Anxiety? NORDIC PSYCHOLOGY 2012. [DOI: 10.1027/1901-2276/a000009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Löckenhoff CE. Age, time, and decision making: from processing speed to global time horizons. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2011; 1235:44-56. [PMID: 22023567 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2011.06209.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Time and time perceptions are integral to decision making because any meaningful choice is embedded in a temporal context and requires the evaluation of future preferences and outcomes. The present review examines the influence of chronological age on time perceptions and horizons and discusses implications for decision making across the life span. Time influences and interacts with decision making in multiple ways. Specifically, this review examines the following topic areas: (1) processing speed and decision time, (2) internal clocks and time estimation, (3) mental representations of future time and intertemporal choice, and (4) global time horizons. For each aspect, patterns of age differences and implications for decision strategies and quality are discussed. The conclusion proposes frameworks to integrate different lines of research and identifies promising avenues for future inquiry.
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Feyers D, Collette F, D'Argembeau A, Majerus S, Salmon E. Neural networks involved in self-judgement in young and elderly adults. Neuroimage 2010; 53:341-7. [PMID: 20594938 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.05.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2009] [Revised: 04/13/2010] [Accepted: 05/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that both young and elderly subjects activate the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC) when they make self-referential judgements. However, the VMPFC might interact with different brain regions during self-referencing in the two groups. In this study, based on data from Ruby et al. (2009), we have explored this issue using psychophysiological interaction analyses. Young and elderly participants had to judge adjectives describing personality traits in reference to the self versus a close friend or relative (the other), taking either a first-person or a third-person perspective. The physiological factor was the VMPFC activity observed in all participants during self-judgement, and the psychological factor was the self versus other referential process. The main effect of first-person perspective in both groups revealed that the VMPFC was co-activated with the left parahippocampal gyrus and the precuneus for self versus other judgments. The main effect of age showed a stronger correlation between activity in the VMPFC and the lingual gyrus in young compared to elderly subjects. Finally, in the interaction, the VMPFC was specifically co-activated with the orbitofrontal gyrus and the precentral gyrus when elderly subjects took a first-person perspective for self-judgements. No significant result was observed for the interaction in young subjects. These findings show that, although the VMPFC is engaged by both young and older adults when making self-referential judgements, this brain structure interacts differently with other brain regions as a function of age and perspective. These differences might reflect a tendency by older people to engage in more emotional/social processing than younger adults when making self-referential judgements with a first-person perspective.
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van Reekum CM, Schaefer SM, Lapate RC, Norris CJ, Greischar LL, Davidson RJ. Aging is associated with positive responding to neutral information but reduced recovery from negative information. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2010; 6:177-85. [PMID: 20385664 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsq031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies on aging and emotion suggest an increase in reported positive affect, a processing bias of positive over negative information, as well as increasingly adaptive regulation in response to negative events with advancing age. These findings imply that older individuals evaluate information differently, resulting in lowered reactivity to, and/or faster recovery from, negative information, while maintaining more positive responding to positive information. We examined this hypothesis in an ongoing study on Midlife in the US (MIDUS II) where emotional reactivity and recovery were assessed in a large number of respondents (N = 159) from a wide age range (36-84 years). We recorded eye-blink startle magnitudes and corrugator activity during and after the presentation of positive, neutral and negative pictures. The most robust age effect was found in response to neutral stimuli, where increasing age is associated with a decreased corrugator and eyeblink startle response to neutral stimuli. These data suggest that an age-related positivity effect does not essentially alter the response to emotion-laden information, but is reflected in a more positive interpretation of affectively ambiguous information. Furthermore, older women showed reduced corrugator recovery from negative pictures relative to the younger women and men, suggesting that an age-related prioritization of well-being is not necessarily reflected in adaptive regulation of negative affect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carien M van Reekum
- Centre for Integrative Neuroscience and Neurodynamics, School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Earley Gate, Whiteknights Campus, PO Box 238, Reading RG6 6AL, UK.
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36
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Abstract
AbstractCoall & Hertwig (C&H) bring attention to alternative accounts of grandparental investment from economics, evolutionary anthropology, psychology, and sociology, which have yet to be reconciled. We attempt to help integrate some of the disparate perspectives by expanding the scope of the evolutionary perspective, highlighting some gaps, and discussing problems with the authors' treatment of grandparents in traditional societies.
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Tang F, Choi E, Morrow-Howell N. Organizational support and volunteering benefits for older adults. THE GERONTOLOGIST 2010; 50:603-12. [PMID: 20211944 DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnq020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study tested a theoretical model of volunteering benefits and examined the mechanism through which volunteering benefits older adults. DESIGN AND METHODS This is a 2-wave study of 253 older adult volunteers serving in 10 volunteer programs. Older volunteers completed the mailed surveys in 2005 and 2006. Structural equation modeling was used to define the latent variables and to test direct and indirect relationships among organizational support, socioemotional benefits, and self-reported health. RESULTS Organizational support (measured by choice of volunteer activity, training, and ongoing support) had significant direct associations with 2 latent factors of socioemotional benefits, that is, perceived contribution and personal benefits. Perceived contribution was significantly related to mental health. Additionally, older volunteers with lower socioeconomic status (SES) committed more hours and perceived more personal benefits than higher SES peers. IMPLICATIONS These findings suggest that volunteer programs can provide various organizational supports to older volunteers, especially to low-SES volunteers, in order to promote the socioemotional and health benefits of volunteering to older adults. Psychological well-being of older adults can be improved through engagement in meaningful volunteer activities and contribution to others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengyan Tang
- School of Social Work, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
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38
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES The present study attempts to extend previous research examining differences between young and older adults in emotion regulation, by investigating age differences across a great range of facets of emotion regulation. METHOD Young (n = 40) and older adults (n = 40) completed the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) and self-report measures of anxiety and depression. RESULTS Whereas young and older adults did not differ in terms of acceptance and awareness of emotional responses, younger adults scored higher compared to older overall, indicating greater emotion regulation difficulties. Older adults reported greater ability in engaging in goal-directed behaviour, and refraining from impulsive emotional responses. Increasing age was associated with greater access to emotion regulation strategies and greater clarity of emotions. CONCLUSION Overall, the present cross-sectional results suggest a general stability in late adulthood in several aspects of emotion regulation, suggesting specific adaptations with increasing age. Findings provided support for the construct validity of the DERS and indicated that the relationship between age and emotion regulation is influenced by verbal ability. Current results extend the focus of age-related differences in emotion regulatory control to several theoretically defined forms of emotion regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Orgeta
- Department of Mental Health Sciences, University College London, London, W1W 7EJ, United Kingdom.
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Nelson CJ, Weinberger MI, Balk E, Holland J, Breitbart W, Roth AJ. The chronology of distress, anxiety, and depression in older prostate cancer patients. Oncologist 2009; 14:891-9. [PMID: 19738000 DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2009-0059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Current research suggests that older cancer patients report less distress than younger cancer patients. However, this research has generally not teased apart the differences among general distress, anxiety, and depression. METHODS We conducted a secondary analysis of merged datasets using cross-sectional data on 716 men with prostate cancer (mean age, 68 +/- 10 years; range, 50-93 years). Approximately half the participants were recruited from doctors' offices throughout the U.S. and the other half were from Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (New York). Participants were asked to complete the Distress Thermometer, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Prostate Quality of Life questionnaire, and a demographic questionnaire. RESULTS Aging was related to less distress (r = -0.14), less anxiety (r = -0.22), and greater emotional quality of life (r = 0.16). In contrast, aging was associated with greater depressive symptoms in these cancer patients (r = 0.18). The mean depression scores of 5-year cohorts consistently trended upward. The significant association between age and depression remained after controlling for stage of disease, hormone therapy use, time since diagnosis, and social, physical, and functional well-being. CONCLUSIONS Despite theoretical and empirical evidence that older cancer patients may cope more effectively than younger cancer patients, depressive symptoms remain an important concern for aging cancer patients, and greater attention to this area is warranted. The increase in depression is in contrast to some findings in the general aging literature, raising the possibility that this trend is unique to older cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian J Nelson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, Seventh Floor, New York, New York 10022, USA.
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40
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Herndon JG. The grandmother effect: implications for studies on aging and cognition. Gerontology 2009; 56:73-9. [PMID: 19729883 PMCID: PMC2874731 DOI: 10.1159/000236045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2009] [Accepted: 06/10/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Women experience more years of vigorous life after ovulation has ceased than do females of other primate species. Is this an epiphenomenon of the greater life expectancy humans have enjoyed in the past century or so, or is long post-menopausal survival the result of an evolutionary selection process? Recent research implies the latter: Long post-menopausal survival came about through natural selection. One prominent line of thought explaining this selection process is the grandmother hypothesis. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the implications of the hypothesis for non-human primate studies of aging and cognition. METHOD The author presents a synopsis of the hypothesis, evaluates the uniqueness of the 'grandmother effect' to humans, and discusses its implications for non-human primate models of cognitive aging. RESULTS The hypothesis contends that, in past epochs, women who remained vigorous beyond their fertile years may have enhanced their reproductive success by providing care for their grandchildren. This care would have enabled their daughters to resume reproduction sooner, endowing them with greater lifetime fertility. Genes of grandmothers possessing such old-age vigor would be more likely to persist in subsequent generations. Is midlife menopause a uniquely human phenomenon, or does the chimpanzee, our closest primate relative, also display this trait? If so, we might expect a grandmother effect in this species as well. However, female chimpanzees continue to cycle until near the end of their maximum life span of about 60 years. CONCLUSION Long survival beyond fertility and a long life expectancy are distinctive human adaptations. The robustness of ancestral human grandmothers necessarily included resistance to cognitive decline through preservation of functions present in many primates but also development of processes of social cognition unique to our species. Cognitive traits such as language and social cognitive functions may function in our species in particular as mechanisms to compensate for age-related decline. This has significant implications for research in which non-human primates are considered as models of human cognitive aging; it also means that some processes can be studied only in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- James G Herndon
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Ga 30329, USA.
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Harrefors C, Sävenstedt S, Axelsson K. Elderly people’s perceptions of how they want to be cared for: an interview study with healthy elderly couples in Northern Sweden. Scand J Caring Sci 2009; 23:353-60. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-6712.2008.00629.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Laidlaw K, McAlpine S. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy: How is it Different with Older People? JOURNAL OF RATIONAL-EMOTIVE AND COGNITIVE-BEHAVIOR THERAPY 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s10942-008-0085-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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WILLIAMS LEANNEM, GATT JUSTINEM, HATCH AINSLIE, PALMER DONNAM, NAGY MARIE, RENNIE CHRISTOPHER, COOPER NICHOLASJ, MORRIS CHARLOTTE, GRIEVE STUART, DOBSON-STONE CAROL, SCHOFIELD PETER, CLARK CRICHARD, GORDON EVIAN, ARNS MARTIJN, PAUL ROBERTH. THE INTEGRATE MODEL OF EMOTION, THINKING AND SELF REGULATION: AN APPLICATION TO THE "PARADOX OF AGING". J Integr Neurosci 2008; 7:367-404. [DOI: 10.1142/s0219635208001939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2008] [Revised: 08/26/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Williams LM, Mathersul D, Palmer DM, Gur RC, Gur RE, Gordon E. Explicit identification and implicit recognition of facial emotions: I. Age effects in males and females across 10 decades. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 2008; 31:257-77. [PMID: 18720177 DOI: 10.1080/13803390802255635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
A number of psychiatric and neurological disorders are characterized by impairments in facial emotion recognition. Recognition of individual emotions has implicated limbic, basal ganglionic, and frontal brain regions. Since these regions are also implicated in age-related decline and sex differences in emotion processing, an understanding of normative variation is important for assessing deficits in clinical groups. An internet-based test ("WebNeuro") was administered to 1,000 healthy participants (6 to 91 years, 53% female) to assess explicit identification of basic expressions of emotion (happiness, sadness, fear, anger, disgust, neutral). A subsequent implicit recognition condition was based on a priming protocol, in which explicit identification provided the "study" phase. Responses were most accurate for happiness and slowest for fear in the explicit condition, but least accurate for happiness and fastest for fear in the implicit condition. The effects of age, by contrast, showed a similar pattern for both explicit and implicit conditions, following a nonlinear distribution in which performance improved from childhood through adolescence and early adulthood and declined in later adulthood. Females were better than males at explicit identification of fear in particular. These findings are consistent with the priority of threat-related signals, but indicate opposing biases depending on whether emotion processing is conscious or nonconscious. The lifespan trends in emotion processing over 10 decades point to an interaction of brain-based (maturation, stability, and then atrophy of cortical and subcortical systems) and experiential contributing factors. These findings provide a robust normative platform for assessing clinical groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leanne M Williams
- Brain Dynamics Centre, Westmead Millennium Institute & Western Clinical School, University of Sydney, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia.
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Mathersul D, Palmer DM, Gur RC, Gur RE, Cooper N, Gordon E, Williams LM. Explicit identification and implicit recognition of facial emotions: II. Core domains and relationships with general cognition. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 2008; 31:278-91. [PMID: 18720178 DOI: 10.1080/13803390802043619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Both general and social cognition are important in providing endophenotypic markers and predicting real-world functional outcomes of clinical psychiatric disorders. However, to date, focus has been on general cognition, rather than on core domains of social/emotional cognition. This study sought to determine core domains of emotion processing for both explicit identification and implicit recognition and their relationships with core domains of general cognition. Age effects and sex differences were also investigated. A sample of 1,000 healthy individuals (6 to 91 years, 53.5% female) undertook the WebNeuro tests of emotion identification and recognition and tests of general cognitive function. Factor analysis revealed seven core domains of emotion processing: speed of explicit emotion identification, speed of implicit emotion recognition, implicit emotion recognition accuracy, "threat" processing, sadness-disgust identification, "positive emotion" processing, and general "face perception." Seven corresponding core domains of general cognition were identified: information-processing speed, executive function, sustained attention/vigilance, verbal memory, working-memory capacity, inhibition/impulsivity, and sensorimotor function. Factors of emotion processing generally showed positive associations with those of general cognitive function, suggesting commonality in processing speed in particular. Moreover, age had a consistent nonlinear impact on both emotion processing and general cognitive factors, while sex differences were more specific. These findings contribute to a normative and standardized structure for assessment of emotional and general cognition in clinical groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Mathersul
- Brain Dynamics Centre, Westmead Millennium Institute and Western Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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46
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Windsor TD, Anstey KJ, Rodgers B. Volunteering and Psychological Well-Being Among Young-Old Adults: How Much Is Too Much? THE GERONTOLOGIST 2008; 48:59-70. [DOI: 10.1093/geront/48.1.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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47
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Wahl HW, Diehl M, Kruse A, Lang FR, Martin M. Psychologische Alternsforschung: Beiträge und Perspektiven. PSYCHOLOGISCHE RUNDSCHAU 2008. [DOI: 10.1026/0033-3042.59.1.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Zusammenfassung. In den demografischen Wandlungsprozessen unserer Gesellschaft liegen zahlreiche neue Herausforderungen und Chancen für die Psychologie. Die hierbei besonders angesprochene psychologische Alternsforschung sollte im Sinne einer bedeutsamen Querschnittsaufgabe der Psychologie begriffen werden. Einerseits nutzt die psychologische Alternsforschung neue theoretische und methodische Zugänge zur Untersuchung psychologischer Kernfragen und eröffnet neue Berufsfelder. Andererseits unterstützt sie die Vernetzung von Theorien, Methoden und Befunden aus verschiedenen psychologischen Disziplinen. Zuerst zeigen wir, wie meta-theoretische und methodische Innovationen innerhalb der psychologischen Alternsforschung in fruchtbarer Weise zur Psychologie beigetragen haben. Danach wird diese produktive Rolle der psychologischen Alternsforschung anhand des gegenwärtigen Forschungsstands in vier zentralen Themenbereichen ausdifferenziert: (1) Kognitive Leistungsfähigkeit, (2) Altern der Persönlichkeit als System von motivationalen und emotionalen Prozessen, (3) Altern in sozial-räumlichen Kontexten und (4) “Alte“ und “neue“ Entwicklungsaufgaben des Alterns. Schließlich gehen wir noch auf Anwendungsaspekte ein.
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Laukka P, Juslin PN. Similar patterns of age-related differences in emotion recognition from speech and music. MOTIVATION AND EMOTION 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s11031-007-9063-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Williams LM, Brown KJ, Palmer D, Liddell BJ, Kemp AH, Olivieri G, Peduto A, Gordon E. The mellow years?: neural basis of improving emotional stability over age. J Neurosci 2006; 26:6422-30. [PMID: 16775129 PMCID: PMC6674038 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0022-06.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Contrary to the pervasive negative stereotypes of human aging, emotional functions may improve with advancing age. However, the brain mechanisms underlying changes in emotional function over age remain unknown. Here, we demonstrate that emotional stability improves linearly over seven decades (12-79 years) of the human lifespan. We used both functional magnetic resonance imaging and event-related potential recording to examine the neural basis of this improvement. With these multimodal techniques, we show that better stability is predicted by a shift toward greater medial prefrontal control over negative emotional input associated with increased activity later in the processing sequence (beyond 200 ms after stimulus) and less control over positive input, related to a decrease in early activity (within 150 ms). This shift was independent from gray matter loss, indexed by structural magnetic resonance data. We propose an integrative model in which accumulated life experience and the motivation for meaning over acquisition in older age contribute to plasticity of medial prefrontal systems, achieving a greater selective control over emotional functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leanne M Williams
- Brain Dynamics Centre, Westmead Millenium Institute and Western Clinical School, University of Sydney, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, 2145, Australia.
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50
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Williams LM. AN INTEGRATIVE NEUROSCIENCE MODEL OF "SIGNIFICANCE" PROCESSING. J Integr Neurosci 2006; 5:1-47. [PMID: 16544365 DOI: 10.1142/s0219635206001082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2005] [Revised: 02/09/2006] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Gordon [37-40] framework of Integrative Neuroscience is used to develop a continuum model for understanding the central role of motivationally-determined "significance" in organizing human information processing. Significance is defined as the property which gives a stimulus relevance to our core motivation to minimize danger and maximize pleasure. Within this framework, the areas of cognition and emotion, theories of motivational arousal and orienting, and the current understanding of neural systems are brought together. The basis of integration is a temporal continuum in which significance processing extends from the most rapid millisecond time scale of automatic, nonconscious mechanisms to the time scale of seconds, in which memory is shaped, to the controlled and conscious mechanisms unfolding over minutes. Over this continuum, significant stimuli are associated with a spectrum of defensive (or consumptive) behaviors through to volitional regulatory behaviors for danger (versus pleasure) and associated brainstem, limbic, medial forebrain bundle and prefrontal circuits, all of which reflect a balance of excitatory (predominant at rapid time scales) to inhibitory mechanisms. Across the lifespan, the negative and positive outcomes of significance processing, coupled with constitutional and genetic factors, will contribute to plasticity, shaping individual adaptations and maladaptions in the balance of excitatory-inhibitory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leanne M Williams
- The Brain Dynamics Center, Westmead Millennium Institute, Westmead Hospital and Western Clinical School, University of Sydney, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia.
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